Both practical work and literature studies have confirmed the project work gives rise to many motivational reactions, and that for the project manager many of them vary in a particular, recognizable way in the different phases of the project life cycle. This way in recognition behind the decision to make a thorough, scientific analysis at the PHD-level of the process by which project managers are motivated. The phenomenon was studied from two different angles by socalled “triangulation” of methods. One angle was a typical qualitative method, in which through “open interviews” with a limited number of Norwegian project managers their motivational reactions were examines. The other one was to apply a typical quantitative method in which a computer simulation model of a project based on the principle of System Dynamics was built and run, from which variations in managerial motivation in projects could be studied. Both approaches were initiated by a questionnaire survey of factors assumed to be important for project managers.
After the Second World War, Japan has achieved a rapid economic growth. GNP of Japan becomes the second in the developed industrialized countries after the USA . Per capita GNP will be the first in the world pararelled with Switzerland . Following to high economic growth, Tokyo, capital of Japan has become a big monster concentrating many functions. At present, Japan has 120,000,000 of population. And in the Tokyo metropolitan area, there are 30,000,000 of the population, in truth, 25% of the total population of Japan . Tokyo is one the most softy city in the world on the field of crime. Homer Tokyo is one the most dangerous cities in the field of the earthquake like ITALY .
This paper presents a system dynamics based simulation game for environmental policy making. Due to the increasing awareness among people regarding the deterioration of environment as a result of the use of modern technology, the government has to take some action against the industry to motivate them to take pollution control measures. This leads the government and the industry into a game situation wherein they take actions, perhaps every year, by observing the other’s reactions. Subsidy, tax exemption, and pollution taxes are found to be the viable options before the government. This situation is modelled here as a game in three modes, namely, both government and industry interactive mode, government only interactive mode, and industry only interactive mode. The results obtained by these three modes of the game are then compared with the model results. This game facilitates experimentation with different strategies for both the government and industry representatives. It is found improving the knowledge of the participants in decision making in such a conflicting environment.
Time- domain robustness of control system is studied in this paper. Badr’s algorithm is enhanced by using matrix perturbation theory and convex polyhedron idea, so as to suit the needs of multiple-parameter variations of high-order system. With matrix trace as performance criterion, a new synthetical algorithm of robust control systems is presented, an example based in this algorithm is also given.
It is well known that BASIC language is quite a popular one in the world. So it goes without saying that by using BASIC language, the system dynamics simulation can be provided more easily than DYNAMO does. This paper describes a simulator for system dynamics, which is implemented by BASIC on Personal Computer PC-9800 series. We call the simulator “BYNAMO”. BYNAMO is designed by using many graphic functions of the BASIC language, so as to increase efficiency for programming the system dynamics equations. It is a strong point of BYNAMO that operations for BYNAMO are simple and easy, so that beginners can study the system dynamics without much experience for programming.
Change of Japanese dietary lives, especialy multifacialization, is one of the most interesting phenomena in the Japanese society. It is closely related to various social tendencies; contraction of the family size, shortage of the labor force, increase of aged people, rising up of the income levels, increase of the number of married women with occupation and of unmarried women, progress of the food technology, increase of the number of highly educated people, etc. The present study is a trial of model building for the analysis of change of Japanese dietary lives, based upon system dynamics. Simulation was carried out up to the year 2005, for total dietary expense, expense for processed foods, expense for dining-out, etc. According to the simulation results, the fraction of expense for the processed foods and dining-out in total life expenditure increases more rapidly compared with that of total dietary expense, and, in addition, it depends upon families’ income level. That means that social work division of preparing foods and meals, which has, so far, been housewives’ work, is now rapidly advancing in Japan, and that the tendency toward seeking pleasures in foods and meals is getting stronger. These results suggests, with other changing social tendencies, bipolarization of Japanese dietary lives, e.g. professional cooking - domestic cooking; natural type- sophisticated type; tradition-oriented type- globalization type; isolate type- family type; practice type- pleasure-oriented type.
Markov models and System Dynamics models are apparently applicable to two completely different kinds of problems. However, structurally, they can be proved to be equivalent to each other. This paper establishes this equivalence. Critical observation have been made with regard to similarity and aparent differences between the two methodologies. The paper has also proposed a procedure for converting Markov models into system dynamics models. Examples have been drawn for the Birth-Death process, M/M/1 Queue, Poisson Process and Yule Process to illustrate the method. It has been shown that such a framework makes the model for stochastic processes much more transparent and enables the system analyst to understand the behaviour better.
The 21st century is already here (Drucker,1989). Many people predict the 21st century will be fundamentally different from the 20th century (Drucker, 1989; Niasbitt & Aburdene,1990). Looking back upon the past, Korea entered the 20thcentury lacking preparations in the midst of the nation’s internal and external conflicts and confusion. As a consequence, Korea went through several periods of stagnation and difficulty during the first half of the century. However, Korea began to demonstrate its remarkable potential for modernization and development since the early 1960’s. Within a quarter of a century, Korea has emerged as a developing nation rapidly approaching advanced status. Now, Korea is facing another turning point dividing the centuries. Her future depends on her determination and preparation today. The 1990’s is the time for her to make choices and decisions that will promote the prosperity of the nation and the unification of two Koreas. It’s the time to establish a more mature society. It’s the time we should consider the public's demand for quality of life. It’s the time to consider her natural environment deteriorating due to urbanization and industrialization. All this will be realized only through her devotion to the establishment of a society based on a vision of optimism.
This paper presents a rural energy system dynamics (RESD) model in Beijing . The system covers a wide range of aspects, such as economy, energy, pollution, water, population, labour and farmland. RESD model contains 8 sectors: electric industry, coal industry, building material industry, other industry, the third occupation, capital, agricultural production and people’s life, from which 788 variables were attained with 48 levels equations. The present study puts forward 4 suggestions and how to realize the 4 suggestions to the development of this system.
To construct more public houses so that the low income population in the urban areas can have their own houses is one of the major efforts of the government of the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan . This good-will policy did solve some of the housing problems, yet remained some undesirable ones, such as, the large amount of unsold public houses. Those unsold public houses were primarily due to (1) delayed supply, (2) smaller sizes, and (3) unsuitable locations. This research attempts to study the “unsuitable location problem” and “too small size problem” in the city of Kaohsiung . The System Dynamics methodology is employed to study these problems through model building and policy testing. The model is composed of three sectors: (1) population and the zonal migration attractiveness, (2) housing supply, and (3) housing demand. All the three sectors are interacted with each other. The selection of the variables and the weight of variables are partly determined by field survey. By focusing on the structure of intra-urban migration, it is found that the intra-urban system has a very dynamic feature. The simulation results show that the behavior of the population flow is dominated by several feedbacks loops, some reinforce the growth of population, while others limit it. Through analyzing the simulation results of the model, some design principles of the public housing policy are suggested. From the demonstration of some policy tests, it shoes is the potential of the model to aid the formulation of a “dynamic” public housing policy design, that is, when to supply how much of a certain level public houses to which area of the city under a specific scenario. This preliminary study shows that system dynamics is not only a useful tool to have insights into this kind of complex socioeconomic problems, but also potential to deal with the spatial dimension of urban issues in addition to its mostly temporal applications.