CONSTRUCTION DATA — 1985
EST. DATE EST. COST OF EST. ANNUAL
OF PROJECT * inc. COST PER OPERATING
SYSTEMS SECURITY CAPACITY COMPLETION land aquisition CELL COSTS
INDIANA (Med 716 Late 86 $43 mil $ 60,140 $15 mil
@Community 100 85 $900,000* $ 9,000 $915,000
@Community 100 85 $900,000* $ 9,000 $915,000
KANSAS Med 303-optimum 1/85 $15.6 mil® $ 51,723 oe
591-max
LOUISIANA Med 500-1,000 Unknown At This Time ~ ad ~
MARYLAND Med/Max 1,500 7/87 $91.5 mil* $ 61,000 $28.5 mil
MASSACHUSETTS (Med 228 6/85 $18.9 mil $ 38,039 —-
@)Min 75 Unknown- $7.3 mil $ 98,133 -——
under study
@)Med 100 Under design —_—— —_—— —_——
@Med 400 12/87 $38 mil $ 95,125 Se
(5)Pre-release 50 * Unknown- $2 mil $ 41,600 ——
under study
(®)Max 60 Under study ee sical ———
@Med/Min 230 Under design $7.4 mil $ 32,521 —_——
(@®)Max 150 Under study es — —
@/Min 50 Study Completed $3.9 mil $ 78,000 ———
MICHIGAN Multi 550 86 $33 mil $ 70,000 a
MINNESOTA Max/Med/Min 106 9/86 $13-15 mil $122,000 $2 mil
(Support serv-
ices core will
allow expan-
sion to 138
living units
for future)
MISSISSIPPI @Med 500 Spring 85 Total of all three pro- No Cells $3.8 mil
jects - $51 mil
(2)Female-Med 500 Phase I-Fall 85 No Cells ——
Male-Med Support Phase II-Fall 86 r
Recp. & Class.
@)Min-12 Community 75 each 86 $ No Cells $360,000 per center
Work Centers
MISSOURI Med Phase 1-500 Phase I-11/85 $32.3 mil $ 30,000 Phase |-$5.5 mil
Phase Il-addi- Phase I1-2/87 Phase II-$8 mil
tional 600
NEBRASKA Community Custody 95 4/85 $1.9 mil® $20,000 ——
(single rooms
-not cells)
NEW JERSEY Med 400 9/85 $30 mil* $75,000 (in- $9.9 mil
(Plus 10 other projects for total additional bedspace of 1,766) cluding pro-
gram & sup-
port services)
NEW MEXICO (Max 288 11/84 $35.7 mil for@ &@ $ 60,000 $3.7 mil
@Close 288 1/85 4 $ 60,000 $3.8 mil
NEW YORK (4 Max 2,550 12/84-12/86 $250 mil total* $100,000 ——
@)5 Med 3,100 12/84-+2/86 $150 mil total* $ 50,000 _-——
@2 Min 280 12/84-12/86 $4 mil* —_—— ‘inti
12 Corrections Compendium, February 1985
mee ene weet
VOLUME IX NO. 8
LEGAL ISSUES
OFFICERS WILT OVER PLANTED
CONTRABAND
A federal judge in New York has
awarded over $90,000 in damages to
an inmate and his wife because of in-
s$ juries they suffered when correc-
« tional officers planted contra-
. band in a package.
The court found that the
stories told by officers Flecha,
+ Daverso and Panarello, and their
demeanor on the witness stand
strongly supported the inference that
eras. they were responsible for ‘‘planting”’
and then ‘‘discovering”’ a vial of fluor-
escent fluid of the type used to stamp visitors
hands. According to the judge, ‘‘all three ap-
peared uneasy, even shifty. Morever, the
testimony that could be coaxed out of or admit-
ted through the three officers was also conflict-
ing.’’ According to the court, ‘‘By far the likeliest
explanation for the vials’ presence in the
recharger was that Flecha saw the package with
Morrison’s name, knew Morrison as a trouble
maker, and prison leader who deserved to be
taught a lesson, got the idea (perhaps from
Daverso or Panarello) of putting some contra-
band in the recharger, obtained some fluid from
the arsenal room, poured it into a perfume sample
bottle, opened the recharger, inserted the bottle,
and then pretended to find it.’’
As a result of this action, Thomas Morrison, an
inmate who was “‘in many respects the model
prisoner,’’ was transferred 300 miles from his
home and kept in segregation for a number of
days before being switched to keeplock status.
Thereafter, prison officials permitted him to have
his wife visit which she did by taking an all night
bus ride from Manhattan to Clinton. Once there
she was shocked by Morrison’s appearance and,
approximately 30 minutes after the visit began,
an officer interrupted it and asked Mrs. Morrison
to come to the office. There she was arrested by
(Cont. on page 2)
Copyright ©1985, Contact Center, Inc.
KNOWLEDGE IS POWER
1985
PRISON
CONSTRUCTION
A survey on prison construction was conducted
by the Contact Center from August - November
1984, with forty-nine state systems, the District
of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons
providing information on 1985 current and plan-
ned prison construction, including information on
funding for construction, security, added capaci-
ty and costs for new construction. Thirty-five
state systems and the Federal Bureau of Prisons
reported that they are involved in 1985 construc-
tion or planning for approved construction. An
additional five systems noted that proposed con-
struction is awaiting legislative or bond approval,
and four states are involved in renovation pro-
jects.
Nineteen state systems and the Federal Bureau
of Prisons are funding their construction entirely
by legislative appropriation. Twelve systems
report that bond issues will provide construction
dollars. The California Department of Corrections
is combining legislative appropriation and bonds,
as well as a lease-purchasing financing, to cover
over $1 billion worth of construction. A Utah
facility is being funded by both legislative ap-
propriation and bond issue, as will a proposed DC
facility, if approved. In Illinois, construction to
Galesburg Correctional Center is being under-
taken by a private group, then leased back to the
state.
A total of 61,975 bedspaces are being added in
the U.S. states and the federal system as a result
of construction projects identified in this survey.
Thirty-one percent of the total new bedspace na-
tionally is medium security; 4% minimum; 9%
maximum; and 54% in facilities of varying securi-
ty levels or unspecified by the reporting jursidic-
tion. California is adding the most capacity to
their system, with 16,450 beds to be added as a
result of ten projects slated for completion
through 1987. Massachusetts also has nine con-
struction projects in various stages of planning/
study, but with a total increased capacity of only
(Cont. on page 6)
FEBRUARY 1985
Cal
«
(Cont. from page 1)
two state police officers and for the next several hours
she was driven from Clinton to Plattsburg to Fishkill and
finally to Deakman where she was arraigned.
Meanwhile, Mr. Morrison waited in the visiting room in
Clinton for his wife to return. After two hours, he was in-
formed that Mrs. Morrison had left the institution. Even
then he was not told that she had been arrested. He did
not discover what had happened for roughly 2 days and
for the next 6 months Mrs. Morrison was denied permis-
sion to visit her husband, despite her repeated requests,
because she was considered to be a threat to security.
On the second day of Mrs. Morrison's trial, the prosecu-
tion agreed to have the complaint against her dismissed,
apparently because he found the evidence against the
Morrisons too flimsy to support a conviction. In addition
to finding the three officers liable, the court also found
Deputy Superintendant Keenan of Greenhaven Correc-
tional Facility liable because his decision to arrange Mor-
rison’s transfer reflected a deliberate indifference which
led him to deprive Morrison of his substantive due pro-
cess right of free access to the courts. The court also
found J.E. Sullivan, Deputy Superintendant for Security
at Clinton, liable for failing to provide Morrison with a
proper hearing.
The court concluded by stating ‘‘If the promise of due
process is to remain real, the federal courts must insure
that prison officials will not be permitted to oppress their
wards with fraudulent charges, particularly as a form of
official revenge for protected activities.
Morrison v. LeFevre, 592 F. Supp. 1052 (S.D.N.Y.
1984).
OF MACE AND MEN
According to a U.S. Court of Appeals, the use of mace,
tear gas or other chemical agent of like nature when
reasonably necessary to prevent riots or escape or subdue
disobeying prisoners does not constitute cruel and in-
human punishment, even if the inmate is locked in his
prison cell or is in handcuffs.
Carlo Soto and Robert DeMallory, prisoners in the
Waupun Correctional Institution, filed a class action suit
against officials of the Wisconsin Division of Corrections,
alleging violation of their constitutional rights. The
prisoners were housed in the major segregation unit of a
maximum security prison and in testimony admitted to
having previously assaulted numerous prisoners as well
as staff. Soto also admitted ‘‘that he tried to kick Dr.
Bergen because he thought he was a crackpot”’ and that
he had thrown his dinner tray at an officer. Further
testimony revealed that Mallory was maced for refusing
to return his meal tray, Soto was maced for refusing to be
double-celled and another inmate was maced for throwing
milk. WCI officials testified that when a prisoner has to
be moved or an officer has to enter a cell, the procedure
used is to have the inmate come to the front of the cell
and be handcuffed. If he refuses, one of the options for the
institution is to suit up in Emergency Response Gear,
enter the cell and physically subdue the inmate, which
often results in serious injury to the staff, inmate or both.
Expert witnesses for the plaintiff suggested that it is
possible to enforce orders by leaving an inmate alone and
2
‘“‘wait him out.’”’ However, prison officials argued that it
is impossible to run a prison in such a way, especially a
maximum security facility, and that since the return of
the use of mace at WCI, the number of assaults on and in-
jury to staff and inmates has been significantly reduced.
The court has held that it is not a violation of the Con-
stitution to use mace unless in a quantity greater than
necessary or for the sole purpose of punishment or the in-
fliction of pain, and that it is the duty of prison ad-
ministrators to take all necessary steps to ensure the
safety of prison staff, inmates and visitors. Therefore, the
appellate court found that the prison officials were
justified in using the mace on the prisoners who failed to
obey a direct order as a reasonable response to the in-
stitution’s concern for security.
Soto v. Dickey, 744 F.2d 1260 (7th Cir. 1984).
PUBLIC MAY PEEK AT PSI’S
At the request of a newspaper publishing company, the
Arizona Supreme Court has struck down a long-standing
order directing the sealing of all presentence reports, and
permitting them to be opened only upon court order.
The PSI in question was one done on a defendant who
was convicted of sexual assault in Phoenix. While his
case was in the court of appeals, Star Publishing Com-
pany filed a motion seeking access to his presentence
report. The defendant claimed that disclosure of the
report would infringe upon his privacy. However, the
court ruled that that the rights of the public and of the
defendant were not co-equal, and any decision about
which claim is to prevail must ordinarily favor the
public’s right of access. The burden of showing the prob-
ability that specific, material harm will result from
disclosure, thus justifying exception to the full disclosure
rule, is on the party that seeks non-disclosure rather than
on the party that seeks access.
The court went on to say that the trial judge could on a
case-by-case basis excise diagnostic opinions, sources of
confidential information and information which would
disrupt an ongoing investigation.
Mitchell v. Superior Court (Star Publishing Co., Inc.),
36 CrL 2139 (Ariz. 1984).
FIVE YEAR LOCKUP
NOT UNCONSTITUTIONAL
A U.S. Court of Appeals in Pennsylvania has held that
an inmate’s due process rights were not denied when he
was held in administrative segregation for more than 5
years, even though the grounds for his continued deten-
tion were largely ‘‘subjective evaluations and prediction
of future behaviors.”’
Fred Burton, while an inmate in Philadelphia’s
Holmesburg Prison serving a sentence for first degree
murder of a police officer, participated in the killing of the
Warden and Deputy Warden. Burton was immediately
placed in the Behavioral Adjustment Unit (BAU) where
he was not allowed to work during his five years of con-
finement, and was permitted only two showers and one
change of clothing per week. He slept on the floor because
his mattress did not fit on the concrete slab bed, and,
although he was permitted to exercise outside his cell for
Corrections Compendium, February 1985
0 ES aD %
April 25; 1984
efforts at rehabilitation. Despite the policy, only about half
the inmates work at prison jobs — a point that has particu-
larly irked Morton.
The “make ’em work” policy has also come under fire
because the most violent and highly publicized escapes recently
came while convicts were on work details.
Ironically, Alexander came into office with a contro-
versy swirling over the prison system in 1979. His predecessor,
Ray Blanton, was ousted three days early in 1979 amid a
scandal over the sale of clemency to convicts.
When asked why he gave pardons and paroles to 52
criminals in one day — including murderers and robbers —
Blanton said he wanted to prevent prison Overcrowding. &
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
“This letter is in regards to an article published in the
February |, 1984 issue of Corrections Digest.
“That article stated that the Justice Department and
the State of Michigan had recently signed a consent agree-
ment, ending the investigation and suit into the unconstitu-
tional conditions existing at three of Michigan’s main prisons.
Although this statement is partially true, this agreement has
recently been ruled “ineffectual” by the Federal judge
assigned to the case. Judge Enslen postponed approval of
this plan based upon a lack of ‘accountability’ within the
decree itself.
“As a student of criminal justice and a named plaintiff
in a companion civil rights action, alleging constitutional
viOlations at the State Prison of Southern Michigan, | am
appalled at the lack of ethics on the part of the Justice
Department to see that the Institutionalized Persons Act
is afforded the full force and effect of the Constitution.
A short perusal of this agreement leaves little hope for our
prisons throughout the country. I am afraid that the Reagan
Administration is not intending to implement this Federal
Act with the same verve that it was intended to have.
‘Although I am a full believer in the ‘hands off’
doctrine, the old progressive idea that the state could be
left by itself to act in good faith is no longer applicable.
‘‘As a member of the American Correctional Associa-
tion I am sure that those of us who see a ‘real’ need to
improve our prison systems also have found that in order
for this to be accomplished the states need more than
just gentle prodding. Reform can no longer rely on mere
rhetoric to accomplish its ends.
CORRECTIONS DIGEST ~— Page 5
“Consent decrees need the power of the courts for
enforcement and without this enforcement, I am afraid we
are in for many more years of stumbling along in no
particular direction.”
/s/ Patrick C. Sommerville
P.O. Box E — 155825
Jackson, MI 49204 , *
CAN WE BUILD OUR WAY
OUT OF THE CORRECTIONS
CRISIS? EXPERTS SAY “NO”
By Dexter Hodges
Staff Writer, Washington Crime News Services
‘Prisoners are supposed to pay a debt to society,
but in prison they become a burden to society,”
said Mark Cannon, administrative assistant to
Supreme Court Chief Justice Warren Burger at a
e-aference on “Crime, Punishment, and the
American Ethic.” held recently in Washington,
D.C., by the Ethics and Policy Center. Cannon
and other knowledgeable panelists discussed
legal, social, psychological and moral problems
which accompany the punishment of criminals.
“Overcrowding creates a situation that can
only be described as a time bomb,” said Danie]
Van Ness, vice president of Justice Fellowship.
“The prison population is growing 15 times
faster than the regular population and has
doubled in the last 10 years. Eighteen states
recently reported they have inmates sleeping on
the floors,” he added.
The panelists focused on finding solutions
to the overcrowding problem.
‘Serious crime could be reduced by 20 per-
cent if we tripled the state and Federal prison
population,”’ Cannon said. ‘President Reagan’s
Task Force on Crime estimates this would cost
$40 billion to build new prisons and an addi-
tional $8 billion to operate, still leaving us with
80 percent of today’s crime rate.
“Obviously, other solutions are needed.”
Cannon outlined the successes and the bene-
fits of alternative sentencing programs, such as
Earn-It and PACT, and also of prison industry
Page 6
programs. Quoting Chief Justice Burger, he said:
‘We do not need the help of behavioral scientists
to understand that human beings who are producing
useful goods for the market place. . . are more likely
to develop the self-esteem essential to a normal,
integrated personality.”
“The main problem I have with creative sen-
tencing is its extreme subjectivity,’’ said Marshall
Breger, special assistant to the President for public
liaison. “It promises to increase the disparity of
sentences whereas the strongest deterrent to crime
is the threat of time in jail.”
‘We clearly cannot go on adding more and
more inmates to prison systems that are already
severely overcrowded,” said Norman-Carlson, direc-
tor of the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Two solutions
he sees to the problem are adding more prisor
already shown not to be cost ffective), and doing
a better job of deciding who goes to prison.
‘Like any other scarce resource, we need to
find ways to maximize the impact of our available
prison space,” Carlson said. “Sentencing guidelines
are one mechanism of accomplishing that objective.
These guidelines can also insure that a consistent
policy is followed for less serious offenders.”
Both Carlson and Circuit Judge J. Clifford
Wallace stressed the need for a wide array of facili-
ties to serve not only the human needs, but also
the economic realities of the criminal justice system.
‘Minimum security camps have a cost which
is less than half of a maximum security prison,”
Wallace said.
‘We cannot build our way out of this crisis,”
Van Ness added. ‘We need to modify our treat-
ment of offenders to insure that they are held
responsible, in a way that promotes restoration
of the victim, the offender, and the community,
and which therefore relies much less heavily on the
sanction of imprisonment.” #
DID YOU KNOW that Washington Crime News
Services also publishes Crime Control Digest, Juvenile
Justice Digest, Narcotics Control Digest, Security
Systems Digest, Organized Crime Digest, Training Aids
Digest, Criminal Justice Journal and Computer Crime
Digest. Sample copies of these publications are avail-
able upon request.
CORRECTIONS DIGEST
April 25, 1984
REP. CONYERS, SEN. PELL HOST
INMATE EDUCATION MEETING
Rep. John Conyers, Jr. (D-Mich.) and Sen.
Claiborne Pell (D-R.I.) hosted the First National
Forum on Correctional Education April 3 in Wash-
ington, D.C.
Bringing together more than 200 leaders in
corrections, vocational education, criminal justice,
along with members of Congress, the Forum
focused on the need for greater resources for
inmate education.
Conyers and Pell are the chief sponsors of
the Federal Correctional Education Assistance
Act (H.R. 3684/S. 625). This year Congress has
under consideration the reauthorization of the
Vocational Education and Higher Education
Acts which currently include funding setasides for,
or programs of, correctional education.
The National Forum, cosponsored by the
American Correctional Association and the Cor-
rectional Education Association, also featured
Gary Jones, Undersecretary of the Department
of Education, and Congressman Dale E. Kildee
(Mich.).
‘Inmate education and training has helped
curb recidivism, studies have indicated,” Cong.
Conyers stated in recent testimony before House
and Senate committees. “Since 95 percent of all
inmates return to society after an incarceration
period, on the average, of under three years, com-
mon sense dictates that efforts be made to help
inmates become productive citizens. In addition,
prison overcrowding, combined with extreme
boredom and inactivity, has led to an explosive
Situation. Correctional education is a positive
good for the inmate, the institution, and society.”
Editor's Note: For more information,
please contact: Neil Kotler, Office of Rep. John
Conyers, Jr., 2313 Rayburn House Office Bldg.,
Washington, D.C. 20515. Phone: 202-225-5126. @
PUT US ON YOUR MAILING LIST
February 29, 1984
Before the vote, Sen. Mark O. Hatfield (R-Ore.), a foe
of capital punishment, said executions should be carried out
openly and suggested that ‘“‘people would demand repeal”
of a death penalty law if radio and television were allowed
to cover executions.
“We would then permit citizens to witness the horror
of these premeditated exterminations,” he said.
Thurmond Is Chief Sponsor
But Sen. Strom Thurmond (R-S.C.). chief sponsor of
the bill, recounted stories before the vote of gruesome
murders and shouted: ‘How would senators feel about
their daughter killed in that way? Strangled, mutilated,
cut, killed, and a man serving a life term. Maybe some day
he will be paroled and kill others.
“The sentiment in this country has changed. The
time has come when we should reinstitute capital punish-
ment at the Federal level.”
In the last several weeks, the Senate has passed anti-
crime measures that would permit Federal Judges to con-
sider, before granting bail, whether a defendant posed a
danger to the community; would eliminate parole for
Federal prison sentences, and would make it more difficult
for defendants to use the insanity defense in not guilty
pleas, =
J NIC ADVISORY BOARD ENDORSES
‘“PODULAR” ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
FOR JAILS AND PRISONS
Raymond C. Brown, director of the Nationa]
Institute of Corrections (NIC), on Feb. 16 announced
the endorsement by the Institute’s Advisory Board
of an integrated architectural and management
approach to the nation’s jails and prisons.
The Board wishes to encourage states and
localities to explore the design and management
concept in planning construction and renovation
of new correctional facilities, Brown said at a news
conference in Martinez, Calif.
Commonly referred to as the “new generation
jail” model, the concept combines a “podular”’ archi-
tectural design that places inmates in manageable
size living units with the stationing of a trained cor-
rectional officer in each to supervise inmates directly.
“This architectural and management approach
to housing prisoners represents a break-through in
| hold supervisory positions in the courts, including
CORRECTIONS DIGEST — Page 3
efforts throughout the country to provide safe,
secure, humane, and cost effective management
of those incarcerated,” Brown said.
Most jails and many prisons structurally
isolate the inmates from correctional officers,
which limits direct supervision. Also. most insti-
tutions furnish the inmate living areas with ex-
pensive, indestructible security materials in anti-
cipation of negative inmate behavior.
By placing the officer within the living area
podular units of 40 to 50 cells arranged around a
common living area — greater supervision of
inmates occurs. Asa result, Brown said, inci-
dents of assaultive and destructive behavior are
reduced, thereby creating a safer environment
for both officers and inmates. Graffiti and van-
dalism rarely occur with the new design and
management concept, and less costly, ordinary
commercial fixtures and furnishings can be used.
he said.
The concept is in operation in detention
facilities throughout the country, including Contra
Costa County, Martinez, CA: Multnomah County,
Portland, OR: and Federal detention centers in
New York, Chicago, San Diego, Tucson, and
Miami. The newly renovated Manhattan House
of Detention (previously known as the Tombs)
in New York City recently opened under this
concept. Institutions for sentenced felons. such
as the Federal Correctional Institutions in Otis-
ville, NY; Talladega, AL: Memphis, TN: and
Pleasanton, CA, demonstrate the applicability
of the model for maximum security state prisons,
Brown said. @
CALLING ALL SUPERVISORS!
Do you need some training in ““Management for
Justice System Supervisors?”’ If so, the Institute for
Court Management will be conducting a seminar
from April 1-6 in Chicago designed for all those who
juvenile and adult probation supervisors, court
administrators and administrative judges. Topics of |
instruction range from the roles of managers to cre-
ative problem solving and dealing with problem em-
ployees. Tuition is $590. Contact: Institute for
Court Management, 1624 Market St., Suite 210,
Denver. CO 80202. Phone: 303-5 34-3063. |
PRISON CONSTRUCTION
1983 CURRENT AND PLANNED CONSTRUCTION
ALABAMA
Constructing three medium security 1000-bed facilities in West Jefferson, St. Clair, and Limestone. The total cost of each is
$30 million, with a cost per cell at $30,000 each. Funding is being provided by legislative appropriation; and a bond issue for the
St. Clair facility. Operating costs are estimated at $10 - 11,000 per inmate, per year.
ALASKA
Constructing an 80-bed medium security institution in Bethel at a total cost of $8 million, $100,000 per cell. Medium security
220-bed facility in Wildwood, at a total cost of $6 million, $27,300 per cell. Medium security 80-bed facility in Nome, total
cost $11 million, $137,000 per cell. Construction being funded by a legislative appropriation and a bond issue. Have experienced
cost over-runs, partly due to program changes during construction. Estimated annual operating costs at new facilities are $1.8
million at Bethel, $4.8 million at Wildwood, and $1.2 million at Nome.
ARIZONA
Four new facilities under construction or being planned for. A 480-bed medium security quonset hut facility will provide a new
East Unit adjoining Arizona State Penitentiary. Total cost is approximately $4.8 million, $10,000 per cell. Renovation of an old
State Hospital Building into a 200-bed DWI facility is being constructed at a total cost of $100,000, $500 per cell. Also planning
a 200-bed pre-release facility at $660,000, and a 100-bed DWI facility at $700,000 “seed money” to cover both acquisition and
operation for partial year. No locations have been set on these facilities. Estimated operating costs at the Arizona State Peniten-
tiary East Unit are $7 million per year; at the State Hospital renovation $1.2 million.
ARKANSAS
Constructing a maximum security facility which upon completion will provide 432 beds plus 30 isolation beds. The facility will
partially open in June 1983. The new construction is a separate unit, but located on the Department’s property at the Tucker
Unit. Total cost is estimated at $13 million, approximately $30,000 per cell. Project being funded by legislative appropriation.
COLORADO
Cost feasibility studies are being conducted for four alternatives dealing with system expansion: (1) new 400-bed facility; (2)
modular additions to the two new facilities; (3) renovation of old maximum security cellhouses closed since 1981; and (4) double-
bunking at the two new facilities. Pending completion of study and legislative action.
FLORIDA
In the process of four new facilities and four major expansions. New facilities include a South Florida Reception Center, design
capacity 600, at a total cost of $22 million; Martin Correctional Institution, 672 design capacity, total cost $27 million; Lafayette
Correctional Institution, 616 design capacity, at a relatively smaller cost of $3 million due to use of inmate labor; and Dismore
Community Corrections Center, 100 design capacity, total cost $1.4 million. Major expansions include Hendry Correctional
Institution, $5 million; Hendry Farm Camp, $1.1 million; Lancaster Correctional Institution, $900,000; Okaloosa Correctional
Institution, $600,000. All construction is being funded by legislative appropriation. Estimated operating costs at new facilities
are $8.8 million at South Florida; $8.3 million at Martin; $5.2 million at Lafayette; $800,000 at Dinsmore.
GEORGIA
Legislative appropriation is funding Dodge Correctional Institution with 400 beds, and Rogers Correctional Institution with 500
beds. A 300-bed Forsythe Correctional Institution is being funded by a bond issue. Estimated costs of each new facility is $12
million, with Dodge at $24,000 per cell, Rogers $30,000 per cell, and Forsythe $40,000 per cell. The average cost for fiscal 1984
for all state institutions is estimated at $9,251 per inmate.
HAWAII
Planning a new 500-cell medium security facility at a total cost or $66.8 million (including land acquisition, design, construction,
equipment). Cost per cell is estimated at approximately $133,000. Legislative appropriation is funding the new facility. Estimated
operating costs include $4.2 million for personnel and $1.8 million for supplies and provisions.
IDAHO
Planning a 100 capacity maximum security unit, funded through legislative appropriation.
Corrections Compendium, July 1983
ILLINOIS
Constructing 750-bed medium security facility in Danville, with a total cost of $40.5 million, $53,000 per cell. New 750-bed
medium security facility in Vienna at a total cost of $33 million, $44,000 per cell. Renovation of existing facilities in Dixon and
Harrisburg, at costs of $30 million and $5.3 million, respectively.
INDIANA
Planning a 700 capacity medium security institution being funded by legislative appropriation. Estimated cost is $43 million (no
land cost), $61,000 per cell.
IOWA
Two expansions adjoining other facilities being constructed — one at the reception/classification center in Oakdale at a cost of
$5.6 million; and an adjoining addition at Mt. Pleasant at a cost of $2.4 million. These additions will add 533 total beds. In
addition, a new infirmary and visitors room are being added at Ft. Madison, at a cost of $2.4 million. Legislative appropriation is
funding all construction.
KANSAS
New medium security facilities adjoining Kansas State Penitientiary at Lansing, Kansas, 288 new beds in new housing units, also
includes adaptive remodeling of an existing dormitory which brings the total capacity fo 488. Total cost of this facility is $21.1
million. Cost per bed for new beds is approximately $73,000. Legislative appropriation 1s funding the new construction. Cost
over-runs are being experienced in the site grading and provision of utilities due to an underestimation of costs in these areas.
Estimated operating costs of new facility not currently available, but operating costs for institutions in FY 1982 averaged
approximately $11,000 per inmate. |
KENTUCKY
Current and planned construction includes: Northpoint Training Center, Burgin, medium security, 500 beds, conversion and
renovation of an existing facility to a correctional institution at a cost of $3 million. Construction of anew dormitory within the
Kentucky State Reformatory in LaGrange, medium security, 150 beds, cost $1.1 million. Cellhouse 6 of Kentucky State Peniten-
tiary, Eddyville, maximum security, 200 beds, at a cost of $5.6 million. Cost per bed at Burgin is $6,000; Lagrange $7,333;
Eddyville $28,000. New construction at the Kentucky State Penitentiary and Kentucky State Reformatory is being funded by
bond issue. Northpoint Training Center funded partly by emergency appropriation and partly by legislative appropriation.
MICHIGAN
Constructing a men’s multi-security prison to hold 500 prisoners. It is the first of a prototype regional prison and is near the
old minimum security prison on state land. Estimated cost is between $30-35 million, $75,000 per cell. Also planning a multi-
security co-ed facility (first in the state) to hold 500 inmates at a cost equivalent to the men’s multi-security prison. Project is
currently stalled because of a legislative inquiry into use of state-owned office facilities in Lansing area. Also constructing an
80-bed minimum security camp incorporating portions of a former mental health facility. Cost for this camp is about $1 million.
Legislative appropriation is providing funding for all construction. Operating costs are broadly estimated at $8 million annually
for each of the 500-bed prisons; operating the camp may cost about $900,000 annually.
MINNESOTA
Department of Corrections will be presenting plans for a new 108-bed facility for women to the current legislative session. A bill
is expected to be introduced to appropriate funds to continue planning for the institution, but construction funds are unlikely.
MISSISSIPPI
A community work center is under development at Gulfport, building cost $515,000. The Legislature is presently considering
funding for a new prison construction program to provide several new and renovated facilities at a cost of $52 million.
MISSOURI
Presently involved in the design phase of a new separate Diagnostic Center to accomodate all incoming inmates committed by
the courts. The facility will hold 250 (male and female) inmates and will be maximum security. Total cost excluding land (state
owned land) is $18 million, $72,000 per cell. A bond issue will provide the funding.
MONTANA
Planning new construction to adjoin the Montana State Prison, at a cost of $6.8 million for the new housing unit, $35,679 per
cell. A bond issue is funding the construction. Estimated operating costs are $3.7 million annually.
Corrections Compendium, July 1983
NEBRASKA
eee
Constructing Omaha Correctional Center, a new separate medium/minimum security facility for 240 offenders. The total project
cost including site acquisition, all consulting fees, furnishings, equipment and construction is $16.2 million, total cost per cell
$67,000. Funding being provided by legislative appropriation. Estimated operating costs for new facility total $3.9 million.
NEVADA
Constructing new honor camp facility, a minimum security 120-bed unit. Total cost is $518,639 (there are no land acquistion
costs, and planning and preparation is to be done in-house). Cost per bed is estimated at $4,322. Are experiencing cost over-
runs due to acquisition of utilities and escalation of building material costs. Funding is being provided by legislative appropria-
tion. The Department of Prisons is also planning to construct additional honor camps within the 83 - 85 biennium, including the
Western Nevada Honor Camp near Carson City, cost $457,441, $4,159 per bed; expansion of Lincoln County Honor Camp,
Pioche from 48 capacity to 120, at a cost of $229,932, $3,194 per bed; and Ruby Mountain, Elko County, 70-bed facility at a
cost of $421,406, $6,020 per bed. Again, none of these facilities include land acquisition costs, and planning and preparation is
being done in-house.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Presently constructing one maximum facility building which will be completed in the summer of 1983. It consists of 88 maximum
security cells, eight disciplinary segregation cells and four death row or isolation cells. Total cost of this project is $6.5 million,
$65,000 per cell. New Hampshire’s Legislature authorized a bond issue so that the construction will be funded by bonds approved
by the Legislature. The Legislature is currently debating on Phases II and III projects which will probably pass. Balance of Phases
Il and III will cost an estimated $22 million, including planning, design and construction; the prison already owns the land.
Additionally, because of the population increase, have renovated three areas into dormitory space; but in the old prison it used
to be program space. Presently in the process of renovating an additional area to house the informary so that the present infir-
mary space can also be used as dorms or similar room space.
NEW JERSEY
Currently constructing a new 400-bed medium security facility at a cost of $31 million, $76,000 per cell. An additional $80
million worth of new construction and renovation has been approved, with funding from legislative appropriation and bond.
NEW MEXICO
A total of $96 million is being spent for new construction. A 288-bed close security male unit and a 288-bed maximum security
unit for males at Santa Fe, $31 million, approximately $60,000 per cell; a 480-bed medium security male unit at Las Cruces,
$31 million, $53,601 per cell; and an 88-bed female unit and a 144-bed intake/classification center at Grants, total cost $19
million, $60,907 per cell. Funding is being provided by legislative appropriation. Estimated operating costs annually at the new
facilities are: Santa Fe $15 million; Las Cruces $6 million; Grants $5 million. Other construction recommendations currently
pending before the Legislature.
NEW YORK
Constructing a 512-bed maximum security unit at Wallkill at a cost of $50 million, approximately $100,000 per cell; additional
512-bed maximum security unit at Woodbourne, also $50 million, 100,000 per cell; and a new 500-bed medium security unit at
Coxsachie, costing $25 million, approximately $50,000 per cell. Legislative appropriation is providing funding.
NORTH CAROLINA
Constructing maximum security Central Prison, Phase I with a 384 capacity, Phase II with an adjoining 192 capacity. Cost of the
project is $27 million for Phase I, $8.6 million for Phase II. Cost per cell is estimated at $55,000. Also constructing two medium
security 480 capacity units, Southern costing $14 million, Eastern $13 million. Cost per cell is estimated at $36,500. Funding
for construction is being provided by legislative appropriation.
NORTH DAKOTA
Legislative appropriation has provided for renovation of existing facility, at a cost of $1.1 million. Will include expansion of
recreation by removal of existing perimeter wall, and implementation of life safety provisions.
OKLAHOMA
Planning one or two minimum security 400-bed open dormitory units, will probably be a new, separate facility at a cost of $5-10
million, land cost not included. Authorized cost is dependent upon authorization from State Legislature.
Corrections Compendium, July 1983
10
OREGON
Budget request for 1983-85 biennium includes $20 million for acquisition (unspecified locations and numbers) of additional bed-
space. Legislature now considering.
PENNSYLVANIA
The Pennsylvania Legislature has appropriated approximately $135 million for construction of an additional 2,880 beds through-
out the system. Currently architectural plans are being developed, but do not have appropriate cost breakdowns yet.
SOUTH CAROLINA
A separate 96-bed adjoining building being added to Kirkland Psychiatric Facility at a cost of $1.5 million, $16,166 per cell. A
new separate medium/maximum 576-bed facility, Francis Lieber Correctional Institution, is being constructed at a cost of $17.4
million (including land, site planning and equipment), $33,087 per cell. A bond issue is funding the construction, Estimated
annual operating costs at Kirkland are $2 million; Francis Lieber $5 million.
TENNESSEE
Planning five minimum security, 120-bed work camps, all new facilities at a total cost each of $1.7 million, $14,230 per cell.
Funded by legislative appropriation. Estimated operating costs for each, $1.2 million annually.
TEXAS
Construction in progress includes Ramsey II] New Unit-Dormitory, total cost $19 million; Beto I New Unit-Cells, $15 million:
Pack I New Unit-Dormitory, $750,000; Ferguson, addition of cells, $25 million; Ellis Il New Unit-Cells, $25.5 million; Diagnostic
Center addition of cells, $19.5 million; Wynne Addition-Cells, $20.5 million; Pack II dormitory addition, $750,000; other various
unit additions will add $2.7 million. Total construction cost is $418.8 million for a total of 25,320 new beds. The average cost
per cell bed equals $17,000 per cell. These costs include site development, utilities, and support facilities, such as additional
kitchens, laundries, etc., and facilities for new units. Construction being funded by legislative appropriation. A budget request
for additional construction has been submitted to the Legislature.
UTAH
Constructing a 288-bed Regional Secure Facility with minimum/medium housing adjacent to existing prison. It will be totally
self-sufficient — intended as a “regional facility prototype.” Approximate cost of $17 million, cost per cell $59,000. Also con-
structing a 70-bed women’s facility including all classification levels, being constructed adjacent to and to be administered by the
Regional Secure Facility. Cost for the Women’s Correctional Facility is $1.5 million. All construction is on existing state land.
Legislative appropriation is funding construction. Estimated annual operating costs at the Regional Secure Facility are $3 million
for staff plus $1.4 million food, medical, utilities. At the Women’s Facility, estimate $600,000 per year for staff plus $350,000
for food, medical, utilities.
WASHINGTON
Constructing a 500-bed medium custody unit adjoining existing facility, total cost $33 million, $66,000 per cell (excluding 20
segregation cells); a new separate 500-bed medium custody unit, total cost $42.9 million, $85,994 per cell (again excluding 20
segregation cells). Planning for an additional separate 500-bed medium custody unit, a 600-bed double-celling expansion/renova-
tion, and a 200-bed renovation/expansion. Construction being funded by legislative appropriation and bond issue. Estimated
operating costs for each new facilities (in 1983-84 dollars ) are $10.8 million.
WISCONSIN
Constructing five new facilities: a 450 capacity men’s maximum, $45 million, $100,000 per cell; a 300 capacity men’s medium,
$28 million, $93,000 per cell; a 200 capacity men’s medium, $13.5 million, $67,000 per cell; a 40-bed men’s minimum, $1.7
million, $42,000 per cell; and a 30-bed men’s minimum, $1.5 million, $50,000 per cell. Also constructing an addition to existing
facility to add 20 minimum security beds, cost $603,000, $30,150 per cell. Construction being funded by bond issue. Estimated
annual operating costs are: 450-bed $10.1 million; 300-bed $6.7 million; 200-bed $5.5 million; 32-bed $589 000; 20-bed
$314,000.
WYOMING
A new Women’s Center is being constructed at Lusk to replace the old facility at Evanston. A legislative appropriation of $9.3
million will finance the total project. Estimated cost per cell is $70,000, construction costs only.
Corrections Compendium, July 1983
»
FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS
Construction includes a new 400-bed medium security institution at a cost of $23.9 million, $59,000 per cell; four 100-bed
medium security housing units at existing institutions, total cost for 400 beds, $8.8 million, $22,000 per cell; one 150-bed mini-
mum security housing unit at an existing institution, total cost $1.9 million, $12,666 per cell; one 160-bed maximum security
housing unit at an existing institution and one 70-bed maximunt security housing unit also at an existing institution, total for
230 beds $7.2 million, $31,609 per cell. Construction being funded through legislative appropriation. Based on the 1982 average
cost per inmate per day, the estimated operating costs for these facilities will be $13,000 per inmate per year.
CANADA
CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA
Constructing three new institutions. Renous, capacity 330, total cost $72.8 million, $220,000 per cell; Drummondville, capacity
210, total cost $34.6 million, $144,000 per cell; Donnacona, capacity 368, total cost $57.9 million, $161,000 per cell. Six
expansion projects also under construction, including an 80-cell special handling unit addition at the Regional Reception Centre,
total cost $14 million, $186,000 per cell; at La Macaza adding three new living units and some renovations, total cost $23.9
million, $102,000 per cell; at Bowden adding new living units, gym, stores, and renovating the remainder, total cost $46.4 million,
cost per cell $145,000; at Saskatchewan adding new 80-cell special handling unit, total cost $14.9 million, $186,000 per cell; at
Edmonton Maximum facility adding cells at a cost of $42 million, $87,000 per cell; and at the Kent Maximum facility adding
cells at a cost of $39 million, $81,000 per cell. Funding for construction being provided by legislative appropriation.
ALBERTA
Constructing a new Lethbridge Correctional Centre, a maximum-medium security unit with a 190 capacity, total cost $28 million,
cost per cell $160,000; new West Calgary Remand Centre, maximum security, 380 capacity, being planned for at a total cost of
$48 million, cost per cell $130,000. Legislative appropriation is funding new construction. Experienced a 10% cost over-run on
the Lethbridge Correctional Centre, completed in February 1983.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Constructing anew Remand Centre in Vancouver with a capacity of 150, total project cost $26.3 million, cost per cell $175,000.
Also expanding and upgrading existing Vancouver Island Regional Correctional Centre, total cost $34.4 million, $230,000 per
cell.
QUEBEC
Not planning any new correctional facilities, but has adopted a policy of recycling buildings of rather recent constructions. Three
such projects are in the works. A 350-cell project has a total cost of $10.5 million, $30,000 per cell; a 175-cell unit, total cost
$8.9 million, $52,000 per cell; and a 130-cell project, $7.2 million total cost, $55,000 per cell.
NOT RESPONDING
California Vermont
Connecticut West Virginia
Louisiana Guam
Maine Puerto Rico
Maryland New Brunswick
Massachusetts Newfoundland
Ohio Yukon Territory
Corrections Compendium, July 1983
11
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