Past policy studies to reduce rural poverty in the developing countries have focused much attention to the issue of increasing food production and expanding economic growth but little attention to the issue of constraints imposed by degradation of agricultural land resources and the effects of expanding urban economy on rural development. Only in recent years have we seen increasing attention to the relationship between rural poverty and environment. Inquiry is, however, often done by simplistic one way causal relationship which, although often illuminating, does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the different interacting processes that create rural poverty and land degradation. Many of the analyses of poverty-environment relationships view that poverty is the cause of environmental destruction. The common assumption takes the poor to be ignorant and short-sighted 'slash-and-burn' agriculturist, wrecking destruction on the environment. Others would consider population growth resulting from poverty to be reinforcing environmental destruction. In the process of destroying the environment, the poor people also became the victims of environmental degradation.