This paper presents a rural energy system dynamics (RESD) model in Beijing . The system covers a wide range of aspects, such as economy, energy, pollution, water, population, labour and farmland. RESD model contains 8 sectors: electric industry, coal industry, building material industry, other industry, the third occupation, capital, agricultural production and people’s life, from which 788 variables were attained with 48 levels equations. The present study puts forward 4 suggestions and how to realize the 4 suggestions to the development of this system.
To construct more public houses so that the low income population in the urban areas can have their own houses is one of the major efforts of the government of the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan . This good-will policy did solve some of the housing problems, yet remained some undesirable ones, such as, the large amount of unsold public houses. Those unsold public houses were primarily due to (1) delayed supply, (2) smaller sizes, and (3) unsuitable locations. This research attempts to study the “unsuitable location problem” and “too small size problem” in the city of Kaohsiung . The System Dynamics methodology is employed to study these problems through model building and policy testing. The model is composed of three sectors: (1) population and the zonal migration attractiveness, (2) housing supply, and (3) housing demand. All the three sectors are interacted with each other. The selection of the variables and the weight of variables are partly determined by field survey. By focusing on the structure of intra-urban migration, it is found that the intra-urban system has a very dynamic feature. The simulation results show that the behavior of the population flow is dominated by several feedbacks loops, some reinforce the growth of population, while others limit it. Through analyzing the simulation results of the model, some design principles of the public housing policy are suggested. From the demonstration of some policy tests, it shoes is the potential of the model to aid the formulation of a “dynamic” public housing policy design, that is, when to supply how much of a certain level public houses to which area of the city under a specific scenario. This preliminary study shows that system dynamics is not only a useful tool to have insights into this kind of complex socioeconomic problems, but also potential to deal with the spatial dimension of urban issues in addition to its mostly temporal applications.
Urban management in the developing world has been snarled in the tangle of urban complexities. Phenomenal population growth, heightened urban poverty, insufficient essential environmental stock,over utilization of the meager facilities and consequent deteriorating living environment, escalating public welfare and protection cost, persistent financial constraints due to inadequate revenue, non-objective orientation of urban development programs, in efficient urban management system and chaotic social-political fabric are the common features faced by the urban areas of many developing countries.Particularly in the case of the developing world it becomes important to understand the trade off between urban pressure and strive to find analytical tools which could separate feasible improvements from Utopian failures to reduce the widening gap between planning and management.When the factors relating to the area of engineering and economics are combined with social factors, the System Dynamics approach is the most valuable tool.It is within this context an attempt has been made to in this study to formulate an analytical tool which could address the problems of population, economic activity, essential environmental facilities and the urban development programs needed to redress the situation prevailing in the urban area of a developing country.Towards this end, an attempt is made to formulate an urban development model and application to Madras city of India to asses the functional validity of model.
Technological innovation is a decisive element with high value in modern economic society, and the effect of technological innovation has a great bearing on enterprise’s performance. Over recent years evidence has been accumulated to demonstrate that for a enterprise it is necessary to take a strategic plan, allocating the enterprises limited resource to R&D to promote technological innovation and monitoring the coordination among the new & existing products under the certain R&D expenditure. The issue is that management traditionally employs the static and experimental method to determine the input of R&D in terms of the ratio to sales. In China there existed a tendency to underestimating the role of technological innovation giving impact to the growth of the firm, e.g. in high-tech industry take only 1-2% or less R&D on sales into tech inno activity, and fixed to almost all kinds of industry with the same ratio of input.In this paper, two system models are developed to solve such problems, which results in the conclusion of individual ratio is required for different industries.
The study on the development of the region is an enormous systematical project. Therefore, the quantitative method must be used in integrating with the qualitative method to study it. As the conditions and the scopes adaptable to various quantitative methods of study are not the same, the level of solving problems is limited and it would be difficult to reach the goal of studying the regional programming if only one certain method is used.
As the developing speed of the country industry economy depends to a large extent on the developing speed of the whole country economy, .it is the key of success of the country economy planning that how to bring the region superiority into full play, and that which of priority sectors in industry should be developed under the circumstances of limited funds, resources and sources of energy. For this reason, it is difficult to get a united opinion when discussing that which is priority sector in undertaking a country economy planning.A system dynamics model (SD2 model) suggested in this article is actually one of the model group of system dynamics. The model can be used to evaluate those priority sectors dynamically through being introduced the method of multiobjective decision analysis. In the article, the writer also introduce a simple a simple method of preference ranking about equality or inequality weight targeted values in a time period of time, so the scientific quantitative basis can be supplied for working out the country economy planning.There are several characteristics of SD2 model. It can be used to dialogue between person and computer conveniently, to compare and analyse multi-plannings, to give the user dynamic economy indicators and benefits indicators, e.g. fixed assets, labors, rate of profits and taxes to funds,etc. If cutting out the rate of output values of sectors in the evaluating indicators, we can obtain an evaluating indicator for general economy benefits.The simulation results of the SD2 model have supplied an important reference for working out a county economy planning used in practice effectively. Of course, this model can still be used for the same questions in other sectors or in larger regions.
Business strategy and management decision-making are of prime importance for enterprise to survive and develop in competitions. Under the new circumstances of macro economic adjustment, industrial structure adjustment, and worse operating micro economic environment in China , it especially shows overwhilming importance. The paper based on a generic S.D. model of machinery industry, discusses several problems the enterprises face, such as shortage of working capital, raw material deficiency and intensive market competition. Those problems bring many obstacles to enterprises. In rhe paper we explore a series of solutions concerning technological transformation and new product development. Then we suggest several alternative policies. Furthermore, the paper discusses the effects of technological transformation and new product development on Chinese enterprises under the new circumstances in the long-term.
By means of the theory and methodology of system dynamics, we create a model which provides us with the study of hidden unemployment, control of production capacity and length of working time, and market promotion.
In this research, the system dynamics for analysing the development goals and polices of the animal husbandry in Heilongjiang province is constructed by means of the theory and approach of system dynamics. In this model, the major relations of mutual effects and interactions existing in the processes of natural and economic reproduction of animal husbandry are described emphatically.
This paper presents an approach to model the spread of new energy technologies in an economy using System Dynamics methodology. Empirical studies on the process of technology diffusion lend evidence to sigmodial diffusion curves e.g. Gompertz's curve or logistic curve. Two major approaches reported in the literature concerning the process of technology diffusion are: ‘epidemic approach' and 'probit approach'. The probit approach is closer to the reality of the economic world, and has been adopted in the present model. The principle of the model is that the firms are not alike in their expectations of return on investment or risk perceptions. Hence the initial adoption of a new technology is low. But various exogenous and endogenous changes, e.g. price rise of petroleum products, bring increasing number of threshold firms into the category of actual adoptors, which generates the diffusion path for the new technology. The model considers internal rate of return as the basis of such an adoption.