Young, Showing H. with Sy-Feng Wang, "Designing the Learning Environment of Learning Laboratory: Cognitive Strategy, Learning and Transfer", 1995
The problems of video game syndrome has been an obstacle to prove the value of Management Flight Simulators. This paper proposed a theoretical perspective of cognitive strategy to explain this phenomenon: that is, due to the reasons of (1) rational allocation of limited cognitive resources, (2) passive generation alternative methods when failed, (3) faulty mental model to represent the dynamic complexity, the cognitive strategies used by subjects, e.g., feedback control, feedforward control and memory control, are different from the cognitive strategy of mental model simulation expected by researchers. Task salience and transfer-oriented task setting were manipulated to facilitate learning with provoking the appropriate cognitive strategy. The effects of these two learning aids are tested by one laboratory experiment, and tested by multiple index with multiple measurement methods. Experimental results support the proposed theoretical perspective. The mental model simulation strategy seems not the natural cognitive strategy used by subjects. The learning aids had significant positive effects on inducing the cognitive strategy of mental model simulation, on the learning of cognitive skill of systems thinking, on the improvement of task's performance, and on the transfer performance in two transfer tasks.
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