Prison Association of New York.
For tHE Year 1808.
TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE MARCH 28, 1809,
WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO.,
2 STATE PRINTERS,
NEW YORK AND ALBANY.
1899,
StaTeE oF NEw York.
No. 41.
IN SENATE,
+ Maxom 98, 1899,
FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT
Prison Association of New York, for Year 1898.
Prisox Assocranion of New Yon,
No. 185 Fasr Freransra Stason, New Yore Orry.
Hon. Trvorux L. Woonnvrr, Lieutmant- Governor:
Sir:—In accordance with chapter 163 of the Laws of 1846, we
have the honor to presen: herewith the Mfty-fourth annual report
of the Prison Association of New York, and to respectfully re
‘quest that you will Iay the same before the Legislature,
Respectfully yours,
CHARLTON 7. LEWIS,
President.
Wu. M. B. Rourn,
Corresponding Seorctary.
OFFICERS FOR 1898.
President,
CHARLTON T. LEWIS,
Vive Presidents,
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, WM. P. LBTCHWORTH,
LISPENARD STEWAR! Br. Rav. FD. HUNTINGTON,
CHAS. DUDLEY WARNER, Ry, WENDELL PRIME, D. D.
Corvesponding Secretary,
W. M. F. ROUND, 185 East Fifteenth Street.
Recording Secretary,
EUGENE SMITH.
Treasurer,
CORNELIUS B. GOLD, 15 Wall street, New York,
Beecutiee Committes,
CHARLTON 7, LEWIS, Chairman,
B. P, Benassy, Jastes McKee,
‘J. Fexmozy Coorex, Enwann B. Meeert,
Teo, D. Crnestns, J. Monnay Miron
Avsua Fur, M.D. Taoor A. Russ,
J.W.8. Govier, M.D. 5. @, Pures Stoxes, MD.
Hesny E, Gazoony, Daaw Sace,
Wx. Hansen, FJ. Stinson,
Jonx W. Horonmssox, wo, R. Tox
Saw’ Macaweny Sacxsos, J. Seaty Wann, Jn,
Rromann A. MoCorox, ©..D. ou.
FOREIGN CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
Johann Wichern, Ravbe Haus, Hora bei Hamburg, Germany.
Herr Heinemann, 250 Hammer Landstrasse, Hora bei Ham.
burg, Germany
Alfred Davis, 12 St, Enmin’s Mansions, Westminster, London,
BC
Dr. Mantice Davis, 11 Brunswick Square, London, W. C.
Dr. Fohring, President Tribunal of Justice, Hamburg, Ger-
many.
Bon. Fr. Stuekenberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
, Mons. Bonneville de Marsangr, No. 7 Rue Penthievre, Paris,
Prance.
Senator Martino Weltrani Seaila, Rome, Italy 7
J.J. Henley, Local Government Board Inspector, New Govern-
meat Oftice, Westminster, Loudon, Zagland,
General Sir B. F. DuCane, London, England
Mons. Robin (pasteur), 21 Rue Piatt, Belleville, Paris, France.
Dr. Guillanme, Burean of Statisties, Berne, Switzerland,
Dr. Richard Peterson, Dixector or Penitentiary, Christiania,
Norway.
Herman Adami, LLD., 5 Bismarck Strasse, Bremen, Germany.
Florence Davenport Hill, Oxford, England.
Joanna Margaret FN, 62 Hagley road, Birmingham, Bogland.
Florence Nightingale, 10 South stoeet, London, England,
William ‘Tailack, Secretary Howard Association, 5 Bishopgate
street (without) London, Bagiand,
Walter R. Crofton, Calmoor Croft, Totton, Hampshire, Eng-
land,
Be
Azovan Ruroxr ov vu Pato Ascootanox or New Your. 7
E, Ruggles Brise, Chairman of Directors of Convict Prisons,
44 Parliament street, London, England.
Rev. J. W. Horsley, St. John’s Rectory, Walworth, England,
Arthur Maddison, Secretary Reformatory and Refuge Union,
London, England,
Setior M, Calista, Quito, Reusdor,
Pastor Winkleman of the Prison Association of Saxony.
Rev. De. 7. J, Seott, Bareilly, India.
Dr. Wolfgang Mittermaier, Heidelberg, Germany.
Prof. Cesare Lombroso, Turin, Italy.
Baron R. Garofalo, 29 Largo Garofalo, Naples, Italy.
Hon, Michael Kazaein, Department of Prisons, St, Petersburg,
Russia,
Dr. Paul Balliere, 128 Boulevard Haussman, Paris, France,
Sir Jobn Scott, Malubar House, St, Albans, England,
A. Riviére, Seoretary Société Generale des Prisons, 62 Rue
aAmaterdam, Paris, France.
Terusaki Olnovye, Kabato, Hokkaido, Japan,
Rev. K. Tomeoka, 88 Miyamasee, Stbuya, Tokio, Japan.
B, Bevenger, View Paris,
France.
H. Sano, Soeretary General, de la Société Penitentiaine de
‘Tokyo, Japan,
Keigo Kiyoura, Minister of Justice, Tokio, Japan.
J. 11.7, Jackson, Hamilton, Bermuda,
J. Bruinwold-Riedel, Amsterdam, Hofland.
W. Douglas Morrison, LL. D., No. 2 Embankment Gardens,
Chelsea, England.
M. Holz, Utrecht, Holland,
%. B. Gockivga, Leouwarden, Holland,
HONORARY CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
UNITED STATES AND CANADA.
Alabama—#.H. Dawson, Montgomery; Miss Julia 8. Tutwiles,
Livingston; Rev. A. L. Phillips, Tuscaloosa.
Colorado—J. § Appel, Denver; Wm. F. Slocum, Colorado
Springs.
California—Brainard F, Smith, Represa, Sacramento, Cal.
Comneeticut—Franeis Wayland, New Haven; Rey. John ©.
‘Taylor, Hartford.
—L. B. Wombwell, Tallahassee,
Plorida
Minois.—Rev. Pred. H. Wines, Springlelds R. W. McClaugh-
rey, Follet; ©, T, Henderson, Rev. HH. Hart, Chleago.
Indiana.—Thos. F. Edison, Fort Wayne; Alvin T. Hert, Jef-
fersonville; ©. H. Reeve, Plymouth,
Kansas—doln D, Millikea, MacPherson,
Kentucky,
Louisiana—Miche! Heyman, New Orleans; Clarence F. Low,
. Hancock, Frankfort,
‘New Orleans,
‘Maine—Whitman Sawyer, Portland.
‘Maryland. 8. Grimth, Baleimore.
Massachusetts—Rev. & J. Barrows, W: F. Spalding, Boston;
F. B. Sanborn, Concord,
Michigan.—Levi 1), Barbour, Mes. Agnes dAreambal, Detroit;
L. ©. Storrs, Lansing.
Minnesota.—Samuel G, Smith, St, Paul; Austin H. Young,
Minneapolis,
Missouri.
thos. P, Haley, Kansas City.
Asnvan Reronr ov sux Puno Astooratiox or New Yoni, 9
New Jersey—E. J. Anderson, ‘trenton
New York.—%, R. Brockway, Elmira, "
North Carolina —Col. W. P. Beasley, Plymooth
orth Dakota. F: Houcher, Bismarck
Oblo—Gen. R. Brinkeshom, Monstetd.
Ontario, Canada—ames Massie, Torouta
regoa—Eael M, Wilbur, Portiana
Pennslyvenia-—t. J. Wistar, Phiadetpbin,
Tenuessee—Rev. James A. Orman, D. D., Ber, B. La Cobb,
Nasbrite
‘Texas.—John N. Henderson, Dallas; L, A. Whatley, Hunts
D. Hazen, St, Johasbory.
Robert Stiles, Richmond.
Wisconsin —Clarence Snyder, Hon. James B. Heg, A. 0,
Wright, Madison,
‘Washington —John 8, Catron, Walla Walla,
LIFE PATRONS.
(00 o# Mone av Oxe ‘Thue.
Bx CoxrRrmorions oF
Avs, William B. Dodge. Roswell Smith."
Cornelius B. Gold. Williams FL. Seott,
dirs. Cornelius B, Gold. Lispenard Stewart,
Walter Howe." Dean Sage
Mrs, A. Stewart.*
Adrian Tein.
Henry B. MeHarg Cornelius Vanderbile*
Oswald Ottendarfer. William K. Vanderbilt
iw Jota Rhinelander, John David Wolfe
Miwa Serena Rhinelander, Cathesine L, Wolfe
Jacob HE. Soh. Ms. Ama Woorishotes.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Br Coxrmsuntons oF $100 ar Oxe Tame,
George B. Archer.
William HL. Aspinwall
William B. Astor
Tod. Astor
Mra. C
roline W. Astor.
Samuel P. Avery,
John Caswell
Samuel B. Caldwell
Edward Cooper
A.B. Conger.
William B. Crosby.
W. . Connor.
Rey. N.8.8. Boman, Troy, NL." Krastus Corning, Albany.”
Mrs, Frederic!
BMings.
Frederick Billings,
E, ©. Bogert.
William . Booth.
John D. Crimmins.
J.W. Curtis,
S. Cuetia.*
George
Rev. Dr. Dasling, Albany.*
Rey. Phillips Brooks, DD." William E. Dodge.”
Alexander Hargraves Hrown, William Butler Di
M. P,, Liverpool, England, Tenry W. DeForest,
James Brown,
M. Bayard Brown,
HK. Ball
B, Ogden Chisolm,
W. E. Chisolu.
Alfred Coming Clark."
Witham F. Cochran.
HK. Corning.
R. Folton Cutting.
Lincoln §. Gold."
theodore W. Dwight.*
Rdwand Finstein.
Mrs, BM, L. Ewen,
ALR. Flower.
George 8. Fraser.
Elbridge Y. Gerry
‘Winthrop 8. Gttman,
William ©. Gilman.
Pawar Asoauno ov Naw Your
12 Awxcat Reroxt or THe seis
Henry M. Schieffelin.* George C. Ward,
RL. Stuart." Rey. Henry J. Van Dyke, D.D,
Alexander Stuart.* Henry Villard.
Miss Catherine L. Gold." ‘Allen McLane,
Frederick T. HAM Samuel F. B. Borse.t
Dr. J. G, Holland." George D. Morgan.
Joseph Howland, Matteawan, Adain Norrie.*
NY RM, Olyphant
James Stokes.* Wm, Van Aredale, Phila, Pa.
Jonathan Sturges.’ ‘Alex. Van Rensselaer.
‘Mrs, Catherine L. Spencer. J. Seely Ward, Jr.
Rev. Jas. Saul, D. D., Phila, Pa.*Salem H, Wales.
Francis George Shaw." ‘William Seward Webb. ,
Mrs. Prancis George Shaw. BR. W. Weston,
Anson Phelps Stokes, Samuel Willets.*
Mrs, Joseph Howland, Mattea-Daniel Parrish,
wan, N.Y. XE, D, Peters
Dr. Blisha Harris.* George B. Phelps*
E, C, Homans." Wendell Prime, D. D.
Meredith Howland, John A. Palen
George C. Rand.
Clarence M. Hyde. Latham G. Reed.
Sammel Macauley Jackson. W. C. Rhinelander.
Sol Taylor Johnston. CB, Robert.”
ames R, Keone. ©.V. 8, Roosevelt.
Eugene Smith, Rey. B.C. Wines.”
John D. Slayback. J. Walter Wood.
Edward Wells Southworth, William Wood,
Seth E, Thomas. Charles B, W:
1H. 8, Terbell Comelius D, Wood, Brooklyn,
Phoebe Ann ‘Thorn.
Morris K. Jesup. ‘Theodore Roosevelt.” Sinclair Tousey.’
James HL, Jones. J, Hampden Robb.
Joh 8. Kennedy. Henry B, Reawick.*
James Lenox* Horace Russell
Miss Lenox, worge T. Keney.*
Pierxe Lorillard. James 8, Seymour, A
Peter Lorillavd.* Alfred Sully
Win. P. Letehworth, Adam 'T. Sackett
Chaclton T. Lewis, Joseph Sanupron.
Woodiney @. Langdon. Bis. Mary Sheate.
Robert J. Livingston.” J.P. Sheafe.*
3. HL Mead, ©. Shipman.
Richard A. MeCurdy. William GT, Shedd, D. D.*
Mrs, C. E, MeLanahan. Elliott P. Shepard.”
‘Most Rev. M. A. Corrigan,
John H,‘Abeel.
W. W. Astor.
‘Dr. Felix Adler.
Taaae Bell.
August Belmont,
‘simon Borg.
W. A. Booth.
Cornelins ¥. Bilis,
B.C. Bogert.
43. Caron Brevoort.
James M. Brown,
Stewart Brown,
TRL
Joha Crosby Brows.
Rey.
Edunind Coffin.
Benjamin @. Clark,
Albert Crane,
Dblrs, Thomas Crane?
W.. Coleman,
Israel Corte,
William B. Dodge, Jr.
Miss B. A. Dean.
LIFE MEMBERS.
By Coxrampvnioss oF $50 a Ose Trt
R.G. Don.
P.W. Engs,
BH, Field.
Hamilton Fish"
James Foster, J
Arthur Gilman,
Horace Gray.
Mrs, John Hall
F. © Halliday.
Mos, B.C. Halliday.
E, Herrick,
James Horne.
Frederick B. Hyde.
James C. Holden.
‘Thomas Hunt.
John Wm. Hutchinson.
Richard Irvin
Dudley Jardine.
Baward Joues.
James J. Jones,
“Alex. S. Johnson.
GW. Knowlton,
Francis G. Landon.
Sampel Liehtenstadter,
5.8, Lowery.
Mrs, Joseph Milbank.
Mrs. 8. P. Maghee,
W. HH. Moore.
William F, Mott,
Davia Olyphant
E, Parnly.
‘Thomas Prosser.
Howard Potter.
Perey B. Pyne.
Robert Ray,
James 1. Raymond.
George A. Robbins.
William D. Sloane.
Samuel Sloan.
W. ©. Schermerhorn,
Frederick I. Stevens.
William HL Seott.
TLeo Speyer
Olivia B. P. Stokes.
Avwoat Rerour or me Paiox Association or New Yous. 15
Joba Stewart.
dames F, Sutton.
‘Austin Sherman.
B.B, Sherman.
‘Cornelius Sinith. i
anes 0. Sheldon.
Charles N. Talbot.
1. Terry.
‘Allen Tucker.
‘Samuel Auchmuty Tucker.
Rev, S. HL. Virgin.
Abram Van Nest
Bleecker Van Wagenen.
A. Ward.
‘Mrs, Tatura Willard.
Mrs. E. V. 8, Winthrop.
W. HS. Wood.
. J, Woolsey:
Mes, B, J. Woolses.
W. Walker.
Samuel We
Andrew O. Zabriskie. x
Local Committee for Co-operation and
Correspondence,
ALBANY COUNTY.
Residence, Albany.—Rt. Rev. W. ©. Doane, Rev. W. W. Batter-
shall, D, D., Joba H. Van Antwerp, Dudley Oleott,
Lansing, Dr, Albert Vander Veer,
Abraham
Tames F, Tracey and James
Fenimore Cooper. Bishop Doane, chains
Dean Sage, treas
; James Fenimore Cooper, secretary
Committees on jails and station houses.Robert C. Pruyn, chair”
man; Dr. Vander Veer, Abraham Lansing, Matthew Hale,
‘Townsend L
sing.
Committee on penitentiary—Dean Suge, chairman; James F.
Oleott.
‘Tracey, Dudley
Bxceutive committee—Bishop Doane, Desi Sage, James Feni-
more Cooper, Robert C. Pruyn,
AL
ANY COUNTY,
‘To be appointed under the new rules.
BROOME COUNTY,
Residence, Binghamton.—Dy. John G. Orton, B. N. Loomis, I.
K. Clark, D. H, Carver, J. W. Manier, Charles Wilkinson, Julius
Rogers, Dr. F. W, Patvam, Dr. J. H, Chittenden, HM, Beecher,
©. R. Williams, F.C. Vichener, J. H, Ln Roche, Dr. Cha
‘Wagner, Dr. Wm, A. White, J, Porter Parsons,
les 6.
CATTARAUGUS COUNTY.
Awncat Ruvort ov rie Prisox Assoctation ov New Youx. 17
CAYUGA county.
Residence, Auburn.—Frank W. Richardson, Dr. W. S. Chasman,
Mrs. Charlotte C. Bates, Mrs. Miles Perry, Mos. John W.
Haight.
Residence,
Union Springs Mee, Mary H. Thomas,
Residence, Weedsport—Homer Rheuhottom.
Residence, Aurora—Lansing Zabrisite,
CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY,
Residence, Mayville—Hon, Albion W. Toungee, Rev, J. H. Miller,
William Chase,
Residence, Fredonia —M. 8. Moore.
Residence, Westficld—Altred Patterson,
Residence, Jamestown.—Hon, Jerome C, Preston.
CHEMUNG couyry,
Residence, Elmira —Dr. W. C. Wey, Z, R, Brockway, Rev, 0. EL
MeKnight, Casper G. Decker, Isaiah B. Coleman, Albert Dense,
CHENANGO county.
Residence, Norwieh—Daniel M. Homes, Cyrus B. Martin,
cLanto!
counry,
Hlattsburgh.—Hemy Orvis, Rev, Francis B. Hall.
Residence, Keeseville. Fon, Henry Kingsland, 24.
Residence,
POLUMBEA COUNTY.
Residence, Hudson.—John MoGinnis, Robert V, Noble.
CORTLAND covyry.
Residence, Cortland —Lewis Hooton, Prank Place,
Rexidence; Homer.—Thomas §. Ranney. ’
2
8 Anwvar, Ruporr of 7am
DELAWARE COUNTY.
Residence, Dethi.—Mrs, W. H. Griswold, Mis. P, Jacobs, Jr, Mrs.
W. Youmans, Dr. H. A, Gates, irs. H. A. Gates, Mrs. C. 3.
Frost, Rev. FH Secley, Rov, J. S. Robinson, James Pentield,
Mrs, James Pendeld, Adam Scott, 3frs. Adam Scott,
DUTCHESE COUNTY,
Residence, Pougkeepsic—Edumad P. Platt, Robert F. Wilkin
son, Warren @, Cowee.
ERIF COUNTY.
Residence, Buftalo—C. B, Armstrong, Win. H. Gratwick, Geo. F.
Cary, A. ©. Sherman.
ESSEN COUNTY.
Residence, Blizabethtown—Prancis A. Smith, Richard L. Hand,
Abijab Perry, Robert W. Livingston.
FRANKLIN COUNTY.
‘Residence, Malone—F. 7. Heath, Hon, John L, Gilbert, 3. P.
‘Badger, Newoomb H. Munsill, Julius ©. Saunders, Martin
MoClary, Charles Ferry, Fredesiek G. Paddock, Charles I.
Hubbard, Henry . Miller, Rey. J W, Ashworth, Rev. Charles
8. Richardson, Rev. W. G. W. Lewis, Rey. 1. D. Peaslee.
PULTON COUNTY.
Residence, Gloversville. Dr, Engene Betieb.
ENBSEE COUNTY.
Residence, Batavia.—Professor Gardner Fuller, Hon.
Holmes, Rey. J. H. Durkee,
‘To be appointed.
Paisox Association or New Yore: 1»
HAMILTON COUNTY
Residence, Wells —G. B. Morrison,
Residence, Sageville—William H. Pry.
HERKIMER COUNTY.
Recidenee, Ferkimer—O. H. Deck, M. D.
JEFFERSON COUNTY.
Residence, Watertown —Rev. Richard G., Keyes, Jesse M. Adams,
John C. Knowlton,
KINGS COUNTY
Residence, Brooklyn William H. Male, Lester W. Beasley,
Henry B, Jones, Dr, A. Matthewson, George H, Fisher, Henry
Batterman, 1
ae H, Cary, Alexander Forman, Dr. . J. Backus,
George ©, Bracket, Dean Sage, Hon, Charles A. Schieren, Ab-
dott L. Dow, ©. D, Wood, ¥.
Willis L, Ogden, Th
HL Cutting, F. P, Bel
H, Kidder, Albert ©. Perkins,
mas 8, Moore, Franklin Atien, Churchill
LEWIS COUNTY,
Residence, Lowville.—-J.Carroll Rouse.
LIVINGSTON CouNTY.
Residence, Geneseo John M, Milne, Ph. D,, Rev. C. H. Boynton,
Ph.D.
Residence, Mt: Morris —John F. Connor.
MADISON COUNTY.
Residence, Morrisville—D. D. Chase, H. P, Meade, Lucius P.
lark,
Residence, Oneida —W. R. Williams,
MONTGOMERY COUNTY. ~
Residence, Fonda.—Rev. W. Frothingham.
20 AxsvaL Revont of 19
MONROE COUNTY.
ainey Van Yoorhis, Theodore Bacon,
©, Sage, Gilman 1.
Regidenee, Rochester —@
Col. J. 8. Graham, Hon. W. 8. Hubbell
Perkins, Charles E. Pitch, Hon. Thomas Ralnes
NEW YORK COUNTY.
‘the associatious's committee on detentions and discharged pris
NIAGARA COUNTY.
4. B, Hartwell, 30
Residence, Lockport.—M. H. Webber, Dr,
Robert Norton, J. 8. Heluter, Rev. P. Cannon, Mrs, Burt Van
Horn, Mrs, A. ¥. Dietick, William HI. O'Keefe, Moses Brady.
ONEIDA COUNTY.
Residence, Utiea.—Col. Theodore P, Cook, Hon. P. J, Bulger,
Win, Blakie, Rev. T. J. Brown, D. D. Rev. J, Frank Leland,
Rev. Dr. Lyne, Mes. Frances W. Roberts, Mrs, W, 6. Bussey,
De, Smith Baker.
Residence, Whitesboro. —Atvs. 2
. Lowell
1a T, Whiteher.
Residence, Clinton—Rev. E.
Residence, Rome—Hon. H, C, Briggs, Mrs, W. J. Kingsley.
ONONDAGA COTNT
Residence, Syracese—G. L. Bonta, Hon. W. H. H, Gere, Timotby
Hongh, M. W, Hanebett, Dr. B. 8, Van DeWalker, A. L. Mer-
rick.
°
ARIO COUNTY.
Hesidence, Canandaigna.—3iss. Collins Hart, Hon, James 0.
smith.
Residence, GerievaT, C, Mazwell, Arthur P, Pease.
Paisox Associanioy or New Your. at
ORANGE COUNTY.
Residence, Newburg—John L. Sloat, Charles Estabrook, Col
©. H, Weygant, Joseph Van Cleft, Dr. R. V. K. Montfort, Uriah
‘Teaphagen, Miviam Lonier
Residence, Goshen—Dr. J. H. Thompson, Rev. Wloyd A. Crane,
George H. Mills,
Residence, Middletown —Hon. J. D. Friend, Hon. J. @. Wilkin
ORLEANS covyry,
Residence, Albion—Daniel W. Frye, U. C. Rogers.
OsWEGO COUNTY.
Residence, Oswego.—George C. McWhorter, Gilbert Mollison, J.
A. Place, Chas, H. Butler, Jobn T. Mott, Henry H. Lyman,
Rov. Lewis Halaey, D. D., 8. 8. Sher
NB. Sinith,
ton.—D, W. Gardner
Resideace, Palas
Residence,
OTSEGO COUNTY,
Residence, Cooperstown.—G. P. Keese, Dr. W. T. Bassett, Mrs,
‘Warren Lamb, Robert I. MacPiide,
PUTN.
a COUNTY,
Residence, Carmel—James R. Weeks, Jas. A. Zickter, Rev, Ht B.
Warring, Mise'Ida M, Blake, G. BE. Reed.
QUEENS COUNTY.
nce, Great Neck.—Jon Keexe.
Resta
Residence, Hempstead.—Valentine Clowes,
Residence, Westbury—Renjamin D. Hicks, Mrs. James Willets
Residence, Astoria—Rer. Washington Rodiwan, Miss B, H, Rod:
‘man, Dr. J. D. Trask.
© Assan Reront oF THE
RENSSELAER COUNTY.
‘To be appointed under new rules.
RICHMOND COUNTY.
1h, Roardman, John H. Pool, R. Be
M, Muller, Miss H.
Residence, New Brighton —A
Whittemore, Oswald X. Camuann, Fi
Liner, Mes. J. K, West, Ms, Wh. Davidge.
Pascal P, Haszower, Le F.
Sew Brighton —Re
Residence, West
Whitin, F. 0. Boyd
Residence, Riehmond—Dr. J
Capt, A. G, Hall, Afiss Touts
ton —David Marsh, Miss Ripley.
snes Hill, Tompkinsville—A. D, Jeving.
S. Millapangh, . W. Fitzgerald,
Moore.
Residence, €
Residenee, Gr
ROCKEAND COUNTY
Alonzo Wheeler
1, Searing, Mes. Laura Wood
Residence, Haverstraw
Residence, Tomkin’s Cove—Walter
SARATOGA COUNTY,
‘To be appointed.
SENECA COUNTY,
Residence, Waterloo—Hon. 8. @ Hadley, Dr. 8. Wells, Bolo
snon Corman,
charles A, Hawley
Residence, Seneca Falls.—
SCHOHARIE COUNTY,
‘To he appointed.
SCHENECTADY COUNTY.
Residence, Scheneciady.—Hon, W. 7, I Sanders, 8. B. Howe,
615 Union street; ©. E. Kingsbury, 11 State street
Pnisox Assoctatiox op Naw Your, 23
SCHUYLER COUNTY.
Residence, Watkina—Frederick Davis, Dr. Bt. L, Bennett, Rev.
LF, Reet.
st.
WRENC
county.
Residence, Canton—Dr. J. C. Preston, G. 1. Manley, Lawrence
Russell, Charles Y, Fullington, Prof. H. B, Forbes, Mes. Laura
A. Partridge.
Residence, Ogdensburg.—Dr. B. FP. Sherman, Prof, R. G. Petti-
one, Daniel Magone, Rev. L. Mertill Milles, Rev, J. Bastow,
W. L. Proctor, J. W. Wilson, Gates Curtis
Residence, Potsdam —
BW, Foster, L, E. Wadleigh, Rev, George
Harkness, Rev, ©. E. Bascom, 0. B. Bonney, John A. Vance.
STRUREN COUNTY,
Residence, Bath —Z. L. Parker
Residence, Corning —¥, A. Williams,
SUFFOLK COUNTY.
Residence, Riverhend.—John Z. O'Ririen, T. M. Griffing, Rev.
Samuel Whaley, Nat. W. Foster.
Residence, Greensport—Wm. J. White.
SULLIVAN COUNTY.
‘To be appointed.
TIOGA COUNTY,
Re
ence, Owego.—Hon. William Smyth, A. Abel, V.N. Russell,
H.D. Pinney, William H Bilis, P. C. Peterson.
ToMPKT
county.
Residence, Ithaea.—Prof. James Law, Prof. William D. Wilson,
Orange P. Hyde, Hon. Murray B. Poole.
on AxxoaL Rxrowe of 2up
‘ULSTER COUNTY.
Residence, Kingstou—Hlon, James G. Lindsley, FA. Westbrook,
Hon, Isaiah Poller.
Residence, Saugertios.—W. I. Shetield,
county.
f, Avehibald, Francis G. Crosby,
WARREN
Residence, Lake George —R.
Elias 8. Harris, Dr. W, R, Adamson.
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
Residence, Salem,—James Jlashford, C. R. Hawley.
WAYNE COUNTY
HL, Sherwood, Rev. R
Residence, Lyons —Johin I. Cole, Rev. 1
Osgood Morse, Wm. C. Robinson
Residence, Palnyta—Ieaae ©. Bronson, Dr
‘A.S. Niles, Mrs, Horace Enton, George G. Jessup.
Samuel Ingraham,
Residence, Aveadia—Rev, Pave Burgess.
Residence, Walworth, Hou. Lucien 'T. Youmans.
WESTCHESTER COUNTY,
Rev. J. M, Bruce, Kev. W. B. Ketchum,
Residenee, Yonkers
WYOMING COUNTY,
Residence, Warsaw.—Rev, George D. Willer, HA. Miller, Hey.
W. H. Hobbs.
YATES CO
Residence, Penn Yan—Joseph F. Crosby, William F. Van Tay!
ay
Paisox Assocrariox or New Your
‘Suggestions for Local Co-operative County Committees
of the Prison Association of New York.
1. Committees are expected to organize within one month atter
theiv appointment, meeting at the call of one of their number tg
be designated by the corresponding secretary of the association,
and to elect a chairman, secretary and treasurer
2. Commitices are expected to heve stated meetings at least
sem}aunually, and to keep the corresponding secretary informed
of the date of such regular meeting; should any special meeting be
held, it ig requested that notice of the game be given to the pew
‘eral ofice
8, Local committees are expected "to inspect at least twice a
year, the jails, stationshouses, prisons and penitentiaries in tbefe
respective connties, and to take cognizance of and report at this
‘offce as to the diseipline, maintenance, moral and sanitary condl-
tion, and to promptly notify the corresponding secretary at other
times of any failure on the purt of the loeal anthorities to comply
with the laws ae tu the govemance and keeping of prisoners,
‘should euch failure come to thelr knowledge. ‘They are further
expected to make such suggestions, from time to time, as will help,
the association to carry out the purposes for whieh it was organ:
ied
4. They are, at the stated meetings, requested to give fall dis
censsion to any plans of the Prison Association that may be sub:
uitted to them by the exeeutive committee, to estimate as far as
is
‘any such plans, and to help the association's work by evesting
possible the feeling of their respretive neighborhoods rex
ight public sentiment as to prison discipline and the criminal
class,
5, They are requested to collect and forward to the ofice of
the Prison Ascoelation such printed reports of local institutions
as are obtainable, and such exteacts from local publications as
bea» upon penological matters.
6. They are expected, by subcommittees, to see that suitable
‘moral and religious instruction is provided in the jails, to eallect
and distribute reading matter to prisoners, to investigate com.
plaints of iIlusnge, to report to this oflee the enses of such’ as
syem unjustly aceused, or lndly treated.
It is the purpose of the Prison Association to held an aver:
‘age of at least one pnilic meeting within ench two years in every
county of the State, and the local committees are expected to
secure the co-operation of clergymen and others in making ar
rangements for site a meeting
8. Lt is most urgently requested that eaeb county eommitiee do
its utmost to increase the membership of the association, and aid
in extending its influence.
9. Committees are requested to send annually to the association
a list of the names of the prominent citizens of their respective
‘counties, fo whom the Fepores and raiséellancous documents of the
Association may be sent
10, It is the poliey of the Prison Association, and has been from
its organization, to secure reforms and the correetion of abnses—
20 far as it ean he done—throngh the co-operation of officials.
"The local committees, are, therefore, so far ag they represent the
astoclation, expected to cultivate relations of mutual helpfulness
with sherifs and jailors, and to ald them in every way possible,
in the promotiom of right discipline in the county institutions,
Prisox Assocration o New Yous. 7
AL Local committees can greatly ald the general agent of the
society by reporting to the offee of the association thé names of
any in their respective neighborhoods who are willing to employ
‘Aischarged convicts who give satisfactory evidence of a desire to
reform. They are algo requested to fuenish the names of those
‘who employ skilled or unskilled Iabor, in onder that disect com-
munication may be made with, them from this ofc.
12, They are urged to secure as large local observance as
possible of Prison Sunday (the last Sunday in October), and to
send priuted reports of such observance to this office for fling
18. Through sub-committees to give such counsel and help ax
they are able to prisoners Aischarged from the local cortectional
and penal institutions.
‘These suggestions are printed here, not only for the benefit of
the local committees themselves, but to indicate to others the
special forms of helpfulness which they render in carrying on the
work of the association. ‘Through them it reaches into every
county in the State as a vital and ever present force,
In making up the annual report (to November ist of each yea),
it is desirable that the reports of county committees be sent iu ai
as November 15tb, and in order to facilitate Bling, it is re
‘quested tbat they be weitten on foolseap paper, and one ane side
‘of the sheet only,
Committees will confer a favor by notifying the undersigned at
once of any changes in their organitation.
Without wishing to dictate as'to the time for the stated meet:
Ings of local committees, the corresponding secretary would beg
Teave to suggest that these meetings be held early in October and
May.
We specially hope that during the coming year you will secure:
the Introduction of some aystematle labor into your comnty Jails,
28. Anxvar Reroer ov 1x Paisow Assocrariox or Naw Yous.
‘We have undertiken to collect a Hbrary for every county jail ia
the Stage, where the connty authorities or our own committees
erly cared for. Will
will guarantee that the books will be
you confer with your county authorities in this matter? A. book:
ease must be provided and some one designated who will take
‘eave of the library.
W. 3. F. ROUND,
Cor. See, Pe AL, N.Y.
Treasurer's Account for the Year Ending Octo-
der 31, 1898.
Dr.
Donations. + ceereee MBTL 86
‘New York State Reformatory : 1,200 00
Bente... : Saemaees: enon
Board of estimate and apportionment. 200 00
Balance in Mechanies’ National Bank, October $1,
1807,
er.
. Expenses of agency in New York city for discharged
conviets and persons under arrest...eseceeceses S704 63
Expenses of State organization, prisom and jail inspee-
‘Hon anid county work a 2,573 86
‘Taxes and water rents on 185 Hast Fifteenth street. 292 00
Interest on $4,000 mortgage on 185 Kast Fifteenth
streot (interest eighteen months)
Balance in Mechaules’ National Ba
1898,
CORNELIUS B. GOLD,
. Treasurer.
© axxeat Revort oF 1m
We herehy certify that we have examined the accounts and
rnclina B. Gold, treasures, and find them correct.
EUGENE SMITH,
SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON,
Auditing Committee.
vouchers of C
DONATIONS,
R, M. Olyphant E 10 00
Jacob F. Shit 25 00
William €. Browning « 25 00
Hensy Hun » 5 00
Mrs, J. Pierrepont Morgan. 10 00
10 00
J.B, Planten
Louis B. MeCage
Helen L. Deas
Rev, Lyman Cobb
Rey, D. Stuart Dodge
Mrs, Wn. E. Dodge
John, Witlets -
Otto M. Eidlitz
Mrs, Stanford White .
Mrs. A. Miller
Mrs. AL L, Ewen
Geo, E, Chisholm
James Rufus Sinith
FB. Coudert
Chas, 'P. Cook
Wu, Allen Butler
wlprldge T. Gerry
Pinkerton National Detective Agency.
Alice Keteltas ....
Paiso Assocranion or Now Yors.
‘Witlam Islan & Co
D. H. MeAlpin & Co.
“Valley Cottage”
Mrs. Chas. Phelps
Miss €, Farnisa
Mrs. John Wolfe
Miss Margaret V. C. Ogden
Ms, John H, Hall
Mrs. B, M. Bunker
‘Miss Eleanov Hendvicks
Mrs, W. HL Maeyeeesesceeee
As, Francis Lynde Stetson.
Whitehead.
A. Peuningt
Daniel Huntington
James J. Goodin.
General Thos, H, Hubbard. ....
William Colgate
Joba Seely Ward, Je
Herman Mendell
Mrs, M. #. Zimmerman.
Mrs, B.S. Witherbee.
Stamford Manufacturing Co.
R, Brockway
Mrs. J. W. Mintorn.
H. J. Haenale.
Dr, Benjamin Lord ...
George Blumenthal
Rev, Morgan Dix
Mos. William N. Crane...
William ©. Lobenstine .
32 Axwvan Report. on ins
Alfrea DeWitt
Chas, T. Root
M, Bayard Brown
As. W. HL Jackson
John 8 Kenned;
In memoriam “A. T. 8B"...
Advian Iselin
Edward L. Ludlow.
Samnel T. Carter
Nos, Thateher M. Adams,
Mie. A. E, Breese.
Samuel ML. Tackson.
Mrs, W. HL, Ostiorn
Mrs, Heney Draper
Elizabeth §, VanWinkte,
Anne T. Merviam
oe Geu, Philip Schuyler.
Theo, B. §
Dr. J. Morgan Howe.
award C. Moore
Mise J. Penfolde,
M. 8, Perkins,
airs, Jonnie, Powers
J.-H. Righter
Hon. J. Hampden Bobb. .
Fggerton LE. Wiathrop
Matieawan Manufacturing Co.
Gol. B. 8. Webb,
Mrs. Bawin Parsons...
Mrs. Chas. Kellogg .
#10 00
500,
250 00-
10 00
400 00
5 00
100 00
10 00
10 00:
500
10 00
10 00
10 00,
10 00
5 00
500
15 00
25 00
5 00
500
10 00
10 00
500
10 00
20 00
25 00
10 00
500
500
1000
Yausoy Assootmon or Naw Yorx,
0. D. Munn.
Henry Hott
‘Tho’. Thacher
Francis L. Slade .....
Perkins, Goodwin & Go...
Wm. R. Stewart
John W. Thomson.
Mrs. J. A. Vandorpoel
Mrs. J. A. Sorymse
Mrs. F. Goodrich,
Rev. B. A. Hottman,
Mrs. W. A. Cautdwell..
Geo. M. Cort
Central Congregational Church, Brooklyn, ¥. Y.
Herman ©. Schwab.
Henry Hildbargh .
John. Lockman
‘Thomas G, Shearman.
Hon, Chas, P. Daly.
Johnston Livingston ....
Mrs. HB. Parsetl,
Daniel P. Morse.
Woodbury G. Langdon,
F. B, Hoffman.
4B. J. Hayden,
Mrs. Titos B. Meigs
Ds. Geo. G. Whelock,
Cleveland Dodge,
Bernheimer & Schmid.
Mrs, Blizabeth Lines.
3
Ey Asscats Rovort oF TH
Ameriean Leather Co:
Gino ©. Sperante,
Clarence M. Hyde
aV.V.B..
Miss Ellen Collins.
Mra, Win. N. Crane,
W. L. Amermann,
‘Cook & Bershelmer Co. -
E. F, Browning.
Mrs. Anna C, Clinch.
Mrs, Seott Foster,
Vermilge & Co
Mrs, Garner
Mrs. W, Wheeler Smith
Dr. E. B. Foote.
Chas. Alen Munn.
John Hi, Bloodgood
Samuel ML. Hyde,
Mrs, Albert Storer.
Geo, A. Clark & Bro.
E, P, Dutton
ALR Flower,
Mfrs, H. ML. Maxwell
Mrs, W. H. Jackson
Wm. W. L: Voornis.
Sarumet T. Carter
James Kyle & Sons,
John Greenough
Miss 8. C. Mason
Rev. E. P, Hiscox,
$5 00
500
10000
5 00
19 00
500
10 00
500
10 00.
10 00
10 00,
10 00
10 00
30 00
200
5 00
10 00
10 00
500
30 00
10 00
25 00
10 00
10 00
500
25 00
5 00
10 00
200
200
Pnisox Assocramton ov Nov’ Your,
Christ Chureh, Oswego, N. Y.
Redwood Baptist Chureh..
B. Fulton Catting,
John B, Ireland
Mies 1. L. Schuyler.
Hobert Talteay’
Rev, 8. B, Edwards.
Hon. John Olinton Gray
Mrs, M. N, Lanier
‘Phe Century Co.
Dis, Wieke
Bradley & Smith
ALM. Hoyt
Miss M, W. Miller.
Rev. John C. Bliss.
YV. Evert Macy
Wendell Prime
Mrs, Jos. Milbank:
Mra, C. M. Meserole.
‘Won, Wm. M. Bvarts.
R. Hoe & Co...
Chas, H. Raymond
Mos, Jesse Seligman...
Mise Anaie Stone
Wun, Ives Washburn,
Knauth, Nachod & Kubne.
Ars, Elliot F, Shepard...
Miss Julia T. Delaseld
‘Mrs, Evther Herrman.
Albert Mathews
26 Axsvan Repont oF TD:
$30 09.
10 00
10 00
Horace White
W. F. Chrystie
Prof, Dorman #. Eaton
Middleton & Co.. 10 00
se Margaret's church, taatsborgb, 8. ¥ 218
10 00
Avgustin Daly
10 00,
500
50 00
10 00
5 00
F, Clarkson Potter
Dr, Henry Tuck ..
a. W. ¥. Mortimer:
Mrs, Gustay Sebwab .
Mrs, Ieabella Jes.
Hon, Geo. W. Plunkitt. 10 00
Mrs. Jas, A BdgAE sey eeceecsseeesee 500
Mrs, Henry Talmadge 500
Drs, Win. Poll: 5 00
500
Mrs, Edward ©, Moore:
“cash”
A. Van Santvoord 10 00
Holbrook Manufacturing Co.. 10 00,
H Herrman Stermbach & Co... 10 00
Anson Phelps Stokes 25 00
Fredesick Uhlmaun 10 00
10 00
George 1. Rives
‘Grace Church, Spracuse, N.Y. 3 65
Mrs, Heron G, Sttong-.s.c0s0ceseseeeeeeeeete 10 00
EB Church, Ops, ME 8
Mrs, George De Forest Lord... 0 00,
Mrs. Geo, F. Butterworth 500
800
Mes. BK, Steven
Frank Dean
Prison Assocramiox or Now Yor.
Mes. D. B. Whitloei
John B. Lawrence, Jr.
Mrs. F. MacLaren
Hon, Seth Low .
James 0. Sheldon
Geo, P. Ludlam
ALS. Hutehing 5...
Hon. Addison Brown
Frodevick Ackerman
Anonymous
As. LC. Sweetser
M
M.A. Stone
Rey. Lyman Abbott
H.C. Fisher
‘Mis. J. Henry WI
RH. L. Townsend
0. A. Waterbury,
itehouse
James MeGee
Frederick G. Swan
Franklia B, Lord,
Robert 8, Holt
ames M, Constable
‘Mes. Win. H. Bradford, St...
Avs. N. EB, Baylies
7. @. Sellew
Charles J. Coulter .
Dr. J. MoE. Wetmore,
Henry G. Margnand
Delafield
W. P. Elliott
st
$10 00
10 00
25 00
10 00,
38 Assuar Repour oF 7am
Mrs, H. O'Neill
Mrs, Jos, W. Harper
F.C, Moore
Oscar B, Ballin
Mrs. Grenville Winthrop «
Samuel Riker 410 0
Dy. W.T. Alexander. 10 00.
Mrs, W. 8: Opdyke 5 00
Henry Burden, 2d 10 00
Mrs, B. H, Van Ingen 10 00,
Dr. A. Jacobi 10 00
Micbae! Breunan 10 00:
John B. Parsons 10 09
Dodge & Oleott 10 00-
F, D. Morgan 10-00
Wn. Openhym © Sons . 10 00
Lanman © Kemp 5 00
Miss Campbell 10 00
RM. Olsphant « e see 10.00
BP, Merriam Wheeler... 10 00
Mrs. B. Payson 10 09
‘Thos. Hastings * 50
Mrs, J. Blair Sovibner. a 10.00
F.C. Moore , 500
Mes. Edward N, Crosby enacill 5 00
Morvis K. Jessup 50-00
James M. Speers 10 00
Mrs, H, D, Auchineloss « 25 00
Conrad F, Nagel 5 00
10 00
Mrs, John J. Cox
Paigox Assocrattox or Naw Yore,
Mrs, W. ¥. Mortimer.
3.W. Curtis
Gis & Geogehan
James J. Higginson .
Walter 8. Kemeys .....
AL Wolf!
Speyer & Co
Robert €. Cornell
Geo, Foster Peabody:
EHR. tyman
Corneling B. Gold
Robert E. Maitl
Wrederick T. Sherman .
Mrs, Frederick Billings
Archibald KX. Mackay
Prison Society of MeGraw, N. ¥.
B.C. Bogert
Geo. ©. Brackett
Mise I. Hanson .
Wm. B. Dodge
Samuel Thome
E. F. Milliken
Susan B, Spring
Fred. A. Gail
Samuel D. Babcock
Arnold, Constable & Co,
3. G, Floyd
SP. Avety
Mra, Rohert Hoe .
Robert W. deForest
49 Asnvan Rueour oF 7H
Grave Church, Middletown, N.¥..
Me. HD. ALGCH cs seseeeseseeeseee
St. Paul’s M, B, Church, Middletown, N. ¥.
Wm. G. Low
Miss M, W. Henderson,
4. Henry Alexandre
Toseph Stickney
George G, Williams
De. Frederick #, Hyde
John F, Roberts
Mrs, Nannie Calm
Rev. Wendell Prime
Inaae N. Seligman sviacisseavees
Prison Sunday meeting, Faréford, Conn, collection
Valley Cottage...
Total
OTHER DONATIONS.
BE. M. K, Whitney, clothing.
‘Church of Intercession, clothing.
©. F, Nagel, reading matter.
Mrs. E, Strauss, veading matter.
Anonymons, clothing,
A. ©. Zabriskie, clothing,
ake, W. W. Heroy, reading matter.
Mrs, Schefer, reading matter
Rev, Dr. Howes, clothing,
Dr. M. H. Sayre, clothing.
©. W, Loos, clothing
Carlton 'T. Lewis, Hbrary hooks.
$5.0
10 00
oa
20 00
5 00
500
10 @
20 00
50 00
10 00
5 00
50 00
25 00
116
10
s4ar1 36
Prison Assooramox or New Yors.
. Weston, clothing,
Thos. F, Rowland, clothing,
26 West sith, reading matter,
Ars, 0. W. V., reading matter.
Miss A, Salisbury, reading matter.
912 West 77th, reading matter.
Dr. A. T, Langworthy, reading matter.
Mrs, Poller, clothing and reading matter,
Mrs, H. Zuckerman, reading matter.
J.B, Tawrenee, Jr, elothing,
‘Sam’ T. Jackson, library books.
MeDonald, reading matter.
Anonymous, elothing,
4. Corbit, clothing and reading matter
Ms. F. B. Priest, reading matter.
Geo. T. Rives, clothing,
E. D. Hicks, clothing.
¥. 1. Newcomb Mfg. Co., moulding for pictures.
¥. G, Swan, clothing.
E. V, Bael, clothing.
Chas. B. Meyer, clothing,
Mrs. 0. W. Vail, reading matter.
Mrs. J. H. Jacquetia, clothing.
Chas. Sandberg, clothing.
Mrs, Foster, clothing,
Mrs. Frank, clothing.
A.C. Zabrishie, clothing.
J.B. Hoyt, reading matter.
A.8. Purdy, veading matter,
John A. Ely, clothing and reading matter,
Axxvan Reront of 1a
Anonymous, clothing and vending matter.
Anonymous, clothing.
Needlework Guild of America, clothing.
Mrs, MeCosky Butt, reading matter.
Mrs, M. L. Bowditeh, clothing.
D. 8: Riker, reading matter
sondorf, clothing and reading matter.
Mrs. L, Ten Eyck
John M, Shedd, clothing
- 38 West 26th, clothing and reading matter.
151 Bast 87th street, reading matter.
W. F. Brush, clothing,
Anonymous, clothing.
Anonymous, clothing,
Anonymous, clothing.
Mrs. A. F. Saliler, elothing and reading matter.
Mrs. Davidson, clothing and reading matter
Miss, Hendricks, vending matter
Ars, Alfred Ray, clothing,
Mrs. Perry, reading matter.
Mr. Banchle, clothing.
Jaeger Co,, clothing
J.B, Kerr, clothing and reading matter.
Rev, BR. Howes, reading
Mrs. J.B. Leavitt, rending matter
H.V. B. Kenneds, elothi
24 East 86th, clotbin
H. F. Homes, reading matter,
1. P. Rowland, clothing.
Mrs. W. C. Noyes, clothing and reading matter.
ter.
nd reading matter.
HB, Tompkins, clothing.
Puisox Assoctanion ov New Yous.
1. V. R. Kennedy, reading matter.
Miss K,T. Martin, clothing
Anonymous, reading matter,
Anonymous, readin
Mrs. Keppel, hea
Mes. A. Miller, reading matter.
N. Fisher & Co,, shoes.
1.N. Burdick, reading matter:
F. G, Swan, clothing.
matter.
Mrs. F. R, Sturgis, reading matter
Mrs. H.W, Stevenson, rending matter.
Mr
J. M. Dyckman, clothing,
—, books and magazines
Mrs. A. D. Higham, clothing,
Mrs. Vanderpoel, clothing,
Mr. Henriques, reading matter.
A. Knoflach, shoes,
Dr. R. H. Westervelt, reading matter.
Mrs. F. Smith, clothing.
Anonymous, reading matter.
Anonymous, reading matter.
Mies Kendal, vending matter,
FG. Swan, clothing.
Miss Dudley, clothing and reading matter.
Twi
ttaker, reading matter,
Chas. A. Dards, clothing,
Mrs. G. Croveh, clothing.
Ernest Dean, reading matter.
Mrs. E. L Godkin, clothing.
Phillips Dir. Co., reading matter.
at Axxuan Report or Tp ‘
G.P. Rowell, vending matter.
B, 8 Bartlett, clothing
Mies F. H. Phinney, reading matter.
Mrs. J. B, Lawrence, reading matter.
G. C, Wetmore, reading matter
Mies V. L. Bayne, reading matter.
Mise J. Oakes, reading matter
Anonymous, clothing
‘TM. North, clothing,
Mrs, TT. F, Elmendorf, reading matter.
Mrs.
Y. 8, Woolley, reading matter.
Mrs. J. #, Jnequelin, clothing.
Mrs. J, A. Bensel, clothing and reading matter.
€o,, lower baths and seeds.
clothing,
3. M. Thorburn
E, M. K. Whitney
Charch of Intercession, clothing.
GF
Mrs. E. Strauss, reading matter.
gel, reading matter.
Anonymous, clothing.
A. ©. Zabriskie, clothing.
Mrs. W, W, Heros, reading matter,
‘Mrs, Bebefer, rrading matter,
Rev, Dr. Howes, clothing.
Dr. M. HH, Sayre, elothing.
©
Charlton T. Lewis, tbrary books.
Mrs, Thos. Weston, clothing.
‘Thos. F. Rowland,
26 West 7th, reading matter.
Mrs, 0. W. V., reading matter
~ Loomis, clothing,
thing.
Paisox Association or New York. 4s
Miss A. Salisbury, reading matter,
312 West 77th, reading matter.
Dr
L. Langworthy, reading matter.
Mra, Fuller, clothing and reading matter.
Mrs, H, Zuckerman, reading matter
J.B, Lawrence, Jn, clothing.
Sam'l L. Jackson, lbeary books,
‘MeDonald, reading matter
Anonymous, clothing,
4J. Corbit, clothing and reading matter.
Mrs, F. B, Priest, reading matter.
Geo. L. Rives, clothing.
B.D, Hicks, clothing.
F. I. Newcomb Manufacturing Co., moulding for pictures.
F. G, Swan, clothing.
F, V. Rael, clothing,
Chas. B. Meyer, clothing,
Mrs. O. W. Vail, reading matter,
Mes. 3. J
sqvelin, clothing.
Chas. Sandherg, clothing.
Mrs, Foster, clothing.
Mes. Prank, clothing.
A. ©. Zabriskie, clothing
J.B. Hoyt, reading matter,
A. 8, Purdy, readings matter,
Jno, A. Ely, clothing and reading matter
Anonymous, clothing at
vending matter.
Anonymous, clothing.
Needlework Guild of Am
ca, clothing,
Mrs. MeCosky Butt, reading matter.
Axxcat Ravorr on ri
Mrs, M, L. Bowditeh, clothing.
D. 8 Riker, reading matter.
Mrs. L, Ten Eyck Elmendorf, clothing and reading matter.
Jobu M. Shedd, clothing
36 West 8612, clothing and reading matter.
151 Bast Thirty seventh street, vending matter.
W. F. Brush, clothing.
Anonymous, clothing.
Anonymous, clothing.
Anonymon
Mrs. A, F. Saller, clothing and reading matter.
Ans. Davideon, clothing and reading matter
Miss B, Hendvicks, reading matter,
Mrs, Alfred Ray, clothing.
Jothing.
Mrs, Perry, reading matter
Mn. Baneble, clothing
Jaeger Co, clothing,
4J.E. Ker, clothing and reading matter,
Rev. R. Howes, reading matter
Mrs. J. B. Leavitt, reading matter,
HV. R. Kennedy, clothing and reading matter.
24 East 56th, clothing,
HL. F, Homes, reading matter.
1. F. Rowlan
elothin
Mrs. W.C. Noyes, clothing and reading matter
HL. B. Tompkins, clothing,
H.V.R, Kennedy, reading matter.
‘Mise K. T. Martin, clothing,
Anonymous, reading matter.
Prison Assocrmox of New Yous.
Anonymous, reading matter,
Mrs. Keppel, bedding,
Mrs. A. Miller, reading matter.
N. Fisher & Co, shoes.
LN. Burdick, reading matte
F. G, Swan, clothing,
Mrs. FR, Stun
is, reading matter
Mrs. R. W, Stevenson, reading matter,
Mrs. J. MI. Dyckman, efothing.
——— ——,, books and magazines,
Mrs. A. D. Highan
clothing,
Mrs, Vanderpoc, clothing,
Mr. Henriques, reading matéer.
A, Kuoflach, shoes,
Dr. R, H. Westorvelt, reading matter,
Mrs. E. Smith, clothing.
Anonymous, reading matter.
Anonymous, reading matier.
Miss Kendall, reading matter
F. G. Swan,
toting,
‘Miss Dudley, clothing and reading matter,
'T. Whittaker, reading matier.
Chas, A. Dards, clothing,
Mr, G. Cronel,
lothing,
Ernest Deon, reading matter.
Mfrs. F. L. Godkin, elothing.
Philtips Dir.
G.P. Rowell, reading matter.
B. 8, Bartlett, clothing.
‘., reading matter,
Annus Rovort oF Ts
Miss P. H. Phinney, reading mattei
Mrs, J, B. Lawrence, reading matter
6. C. Wetmore, reading matter.
Migs VT. Bayne, roading matter.
Miss J. Oakes, roading matter.
Anonsmons, clothing.
1, M. North, clothing,
Mrs, Le ‘f, B. Bhnendort, reading matter.
Mrs, 3. ¥.8. Woolley, reading matter.
Mrs. J. H. Jacquelin, clothing
Mrs, 3. A. Bensel, clothing aud reading matter.
3, M. Thorburn & Co,, flower bulbs and seeds.
Ted. A, reading matter.
Mos, E. 8. Parmele, clothing and reading matter.
C.B, Weibutch, reading matter
6. R, Plint, reading matter,
8. L, Benson, clothing.
BK. 1. Caswell, clothing,
Biss MeDonald, reading matter.
Anonymous, clothing.
Anonymons, clothing.
Mrs. Sturgis, reading matter
Dr. J. McE, Wetmore, clothing.
Mr. Loster, furniture
J. H. Sattig, clothing
Mrs. D. 7. Larimore, reading matter
Res. B. Howes, clothing.
A friend, clothing.
65 Hast 78th, reading matter.
Prisox Association or Naw Yonx.
120 East 81st, clothing and reading matter,
‘Miss Levitt, furniture.
A. 8. Allen, clothing,
HD. Taylor, M. D., clothing,
A friend, reading matter
Mrs, Alfred Ray, clothing.
Mra, Muri, vending matter,
Mrs, Ogden, clothing.
Mise M. P. Robinson, clothing.
Mrs, Cheisficld, reading matter.
‘Mrs, Wiseher, clothing.
HG, Satiler, reading matter
H,, 25 West 49th, reading matter.
Patrick, women’s clothing.
©. Scribner & Sons, reading matter,
M. BW. Drake, reading matter.
Mrs, Emerson, clothing.
Mrs. Hitchcock, clothing and reading matter.
Mr. Dierson, reading matter.
Mra, Crouch, underelothes,
ALS, Barnes & Co,, books,
F. M. Lupton, bound and paper covered books.
Miss B. 3f. Saftey, carpets.
Me, Bindvin, reading matter,
Bleyer Bros., wrapping paper,
H.C, Wells, clothing and reading matter.
Mrs. F. R. Sturgis, clothes and reading matter,
Anonymous, reading matter.
Putnam’s Sons, 50 books.
4
5) Awauan Rerowr or tax Pawox Assoorariox or New Youn:
Mra. J. Rhodes, clothes and reading matter.
‘phe Century Co. 100 magnzines.
Mes. Knoflach, clothing.
‘The Macmillan Co., boo!
W.M. F. Rowné, reading maiter.
rue Seeger & Guernsey Co,, 1 encyclopaedia,
‘Thnddeus Davids Co., inks and mueilage
Charter of the Prison Association of New York.
Ax Ac to incorporate the Prison Association of New York.
Pasttn Mas, 8, 16, by 4 to-thinde 0
‘The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and
Aavemdy, da enact as follows:
‘Section 1. ANI such persons as are now or hereafter shall. be:
come members to the sald association, pursuant to the consti.
tution thereof, shall and are hereby constituted a body corporate,
by the name of “The Prison Asso
iation of New York” and by
that name ave the powers that, ly the thied title of the eight.
centh ¢
japter of the rst part of the Revised Statutes, are de
claed to belong
‘every comporation; and shall be capable of
purchasing, held
and conveying any estate, real
‘or personal,
for the ure of s0i@ corporati
shall new
be applied to any other purpose than those for whieh the corpo:
provided that such real estate
ssceed the yearly value of ten thousand dollars, nor
ration {8 formed.
§2. The estate and concerns of said corporation shall be man:
aged and its executive committee, In conformity
to the constitution of the said corporation, and the following
articles that now form the constitution of the association shall
continue to be the fundamental laws and constitution thereof,
subject to alterations In the mode therein preseribed.
ARTICLE 1,
‘The objects of the assoviation shall be:
1. The amelioration of the con
tained far tefal, or Sx
2. The improvement of prison discipline and the government
ion of prisoners, whether de-
ty convicted, or as witnesses,
of prisons, whether for elties, counties or States
52 Awsvar Reroxr oF 1
8. ‘The support and encouragement of reformed conviets after
their discharge, by affording them the means of obtaining am
honest livelihood, and sustaining them in their efforts at reform,
ARKIOLE U.
‘as oficers of the society shall be a president, vice-presidents,
vrer and
a corresponding secretary, a recording sectetaty, 0 trea
fan executive committee. There shill be the following standing
committees, viz.: a finance committer, a committee on detention,
on discharged,
n committee on prison discipline and a counit
mye mamber of the executive committee shall consist
‘of not more than thirty-five, of whom not more than ten shall be
than twenty-five shall be
officers of the society and not wore
persons other than officers
ARTICLE JIT
‘the oftcers named in the preceding article shall be exoficio
members of the executive committee, who shall choose one of
‘their number chairman thereof.
ARTICLE IV.
each month and
‘The executive committee shall meet once
sates of theic proceedings. ‘They shall bave a
son of the affairs of the society,
keep regular mi
‘general superintendence and di
‘and shall annually report to the society all thelr proceedings,
ters as shall be likely to advance the ends
‘and such other
of the association,
ARTICLE V.
‘he soclety sball meet annually in the city of New York, at
uch time and place as the executive committer shall appoint,
absence, one
and at such other thnes as the president, or, in
of the vice-presidents shall designate.
Assoctmtox or New Yor. <7, Ba
ARTICLE VI.
Any person contributing annually to the funds of the associa
tion not less than five dollars shall, owing to such contribution,
he a member thereof. Ascontribution of $500 shall constitute a
Life patron; a contribution of $100 shall constitute an honorary
member of the association for life; and x contribution af Atty
dollars shall constitute a member of the association for life.
Honorary and corresponding members may, from time to time,
be appointed by the exeentive committee.
ARTIC
evn.
A female department shall be formed, consisting of such fe-
‘males as shail he select
by the exeentive committee, who shall
have charge of the interest and welfare of prisoners of thelr sex,
under such regulations as the executive committee shall adopt,
ARTICLE VIM.
‘The officers of the association shalt be chosen annually at the
annual meeting, at which time auch persons may be elected hon-
orary members as shall have rendeved essential serviee to the
‘cause of prison disefpline,
ARTICLE 1X,
Any society having the same object in view'may become
auxiliary to this association by contributing to ite funds and 6o-
oper
ding with It
ARTICLE X.
‘The executive commitice shall have power to add to any of the
standing committees such persons as, in their opinion, may be
likely to promote the objects of the society, and shall ave power
to all any vacancy which may occur in any of the oMees of the:
‘association, intermediate the annual meetings. 2
a Asauas, Revont oF TH
ARTICLE XI.
‘This constitution may be amended by a vote of the majority of
‘the society at any meeting thereof, provided notice of the amend.
‘ment has heen given at the next preceding meeting,
constitution,
be daly
‘The officers selected for thecurrentyear, under the
shall contiaue to be the officers thereof until others shall
chosen In thelr places.
‘And It is hereby further enacted that oo manager of said s0-
lety shall receive compensation for his services.
3, The said executive eommitiee shall have power to establish
nd in their diseretion,
fa workhouse in the county of New You
house all such persons as
to goceive and take into the said wor
shall be taken up and committed as vagrants or disorderly per
tons in said city, as the Court of General Sessions of the Peace,
of Special Sessions, or the Court of Oyer and ‘er
or the Cou
miner, in gaia county, or any police magistrate, or the commis
sloner of the almshouse may deem proper objects; and the said
‘exccutive committee shall have the sume power to keep, detain,
employ and govern the said persons as are now by law conferred
on the keepers of the bridewell or penitentiary in said city.
44, The said exceutive committee may, from tine to time, make
ons relative to the management
bylaws, ordinances and regula
fe and concerns of sald association,
fand disposition of the est
and the management, government, instruction, diseipiine and em-
ployment of the persons #0 as aforesaid vommitted to the ald
workhouse, not contrary to law, 25 they may deem proper and
‘may appoint such officers, agents and servants as they may deem
necessary to transact the business of thesaid association, and say
And the said exeeutive committee shalt
designate their duties
‘make an anaual report to the Legislature and to the corporation
Puisox Associattox or Naw Yor. 85
of the city of New York, of the number of persons repeived by
them into the sald workhouse, the disposition which shall be
made of them by instructing or employing them therein, the re-
ceipts and expenditures of said exeeutive committee, and gener-
ally all such facts and particulars as may exhibit the operations
of the said association,
5, The said executive committee shall have power, daring the
minority of any of the persons s0 committed to the said work
house, to bind ont the anid persons so being minors, as aforesaid,
as apprentices or servants, with thelr consent, during their mi
nority, to such persons and at such places, to learn auch proper
trade and employment as, in their judgment, will be most con-
ueive to the reformation and amendment and future benefit and
‘advantage to such persons.
6, The said executive committee, by such committees ax they
shall from time to time appoint, ahall have power and it shall be
their duty to visit, inspect and examine all the prisons in the
State, and annually report to the Legislature thelr state and
condition, and all such other things in regard to them as may
enable the Legislature to perfect their government and disclp-
line, And to enable them to execute the powers and performi the
duties hereby granted and imposed, tliey shall possess all the
powers and authority that, by the twenty-fourth section of title
fest, chapter third, part fourth of the Revised Statutes, axe i
vested iu inspectors of county prisong;* and the duties of the
‘keepers of each prison that they may examine shall be the seme
in relation to them as in the section afores
Jd are imposed on
‘the Keepers of such prlzons in relation to the Inspectors thereof,
Provided, that no such examination or inspection of any prison
86 Anxuat Rpvort oP Tie
shall be tade until an order for that purpose to be granted by
‘the chancellor of the State, oF one of the judges of the Supreme
Conrt, or by a vice-chancellor or circuit fudge, or by the first
judge of the county in which the prisov Co be examined shall be
sitvate, shall frst have been lund and obtained, whieh onder shall *
specify the name of the prison to be examined, the names of
the persona, members of the snid association, by whom the ex:
‘amination is to be made, and the time within which the same
must be concluded.
STATE OF NEW YORK:
Is Senare, May 8, 1846.
‘Phe bin having been read the third time, two-thirds of all the
members elected to the Senate voting in favor thereof,
‘Resolved, Phat the bill do pass.
By order of the Senate.
A. GARDINER,
President
STATE OF NEW YORK:
Is Assextpix, April 24, 1846,
‘this bill having been read the third time, and two-thirds of all
‘the members elected to the Assembly voting in favor thereof,
Resolved, That the bill do pass.
By order of the Assembl
A. CRAIN,
Speaker.
“Avruovm, this 9th day of May, 1846.
Sinas Wasoe
Paisos Assooution or New Yous. “| st
oats or New Yous,
}
‘Snonnnans’s OFFIOR.
T have compared the preceding with an original law on fle in
this office, and do certify that the same is a correct transeript
‘therefrom, and the whole of said original
In testimony whereof, T bave hereunto affixed the seal of this
office, at the city of Albany, the fifteenth day of May, in the year
of oar Lord ono thousand eight hunated and fortysiz.
ARCH’D CAMPBELL,
Deputy Seoretary of State.
[Revised Statutes, part IV, chap. 8, tile 1
§ 24° Tt shall be the duty of the Keepers of each of the aaid
isons to admit the suid inepectors, or any one of then, into
every part of such prisons; to exhibit to them, on demand, all
the hooks, papers, documents and acconnts pertaining to the
prison or to the detention of the persons confined therein, and to
render them every facility In thelr power to enable them to
discharge: the duties above described. And for the purpose of
obtaining the necessary information to enable them fo make
such reports as is abore required, the sald inspectors shall have
power to examine, on oath, to be administered hy either of the
sald inspectors, any of the offcers of the said prisons, and to
converse with any of the prisoners confined therein, without the
presence of the Keepers thereof, ot any of ther
By-Laws of the Prison Association of New York.
1. There dball be a stated meeting of thie exeentive committee
con the third Thursday of each mont, and ep
the chairman of any three members
yecial meetings shall
be held on the requisition of
of the executive committee. ‘The ca) for a specin! meeting shall,
sm all east
TL, At every mee
state the business to be transacted at said meeting.
ing of the executive committee Ave members
tute a quoran.
shall he necessary 0 6
JIL ‘The order of business at every stated meeting shall be as
‘and approval of-the minntes of the Inst preced+
ing mecting:
2. Report of treasurer.
3, Reports from standing committees
{4 Report from the corresponding secretary.
5, Reports from spesial committees.
6. Report from the general agent
17. Miscellaneous business.
At a special meeting no other business shatl be transacted
‘han that for which the said meeting was called.
TV, ‘The chairman shall appoint all special comuntitees; and no
‘ed by ica sball be excused, unless upon reasons
person now
satisfactory to the meeting
| decide all questions of order, subject to
‘Y, The ebsieman sl
an appeal; and the rales of order shall be those embodied =
Cushing's Manual, no far as they are applicable
Axsvar. Ranort op ran Pazox Assooranioy of New Yow, 89
‘VI. There shalt be four standing committees, namely: A com-
‘mittee on finance, a committee on detention, a committee on
discharged convicts and a committee on prison discipline
‘VIL. I¢ shall be the duty of the fnance committee:
1. To devise ways and means for obtaining the funds neces
sary {0 carry on the work of the association; and they may, at
te funds.
2. To andit all bills against the association; and no bills shall
their discretion, employ an agent to collect the requis
be paid by the treasurer unless approved by tae committee and
countersigued by the chairman,
8, To audit and report upon the treasurer's accounts annually.
4, To invest and control the surplus moneys of the association,
under the authority of the executive commities,
VIL. 11 shall be the duty of the committee on detention:
1.."o inquire, as for as may he practicable or necessary, into
the causes of commitment of per
aot
proper measures for procuring the discharge or providing for the
sons tn the prisons or houses of
ration in the el
es of New York and Brooklyn, and to adopt
Gefense of suck as shall appear to be entitled thereto.
2, To visit frequently the prisons under their charge, aud to
endeavor to huprove both the physica! and moral condition of
‘he pelaoners In all anitable and practicable ways.
IX. It shall be the duty of the committee on discharged
conviets:
1. "To correspond with prison agents or superintendents rela
tive to the character and trades of prisoners, and to ascertain,
previous to the discharge of cach prisoner, his feelings, views and
ccapabilitios, with a view of making the best arrangements for
his futare employment. .
Asxvan Berox? or ome
2, To keep a record of all persona who will employ discharged
prisoners, and of their several occupations; to procure such em:
ployment for prisoners and applying therefor ax secms best
adapted to the eapaetty of ench; to hold correspondence with,
employers; to keep a record of the conduet and prospects of
those for whom places have heen obtained, that they may be
austained and enconraged with the idea that a eontinued friendly
Interest Js Yelt for him
8. To secare suitable hoarding places for discharged pris mers,
where they will uot be exposed to corrupting influences, taking
care not to have more then one in a place, where it can be
avoided.
able cloth:
4, To see that the prisoners are provided with
ing, of a kind that will not attract particular attention.
X, Tt shall be the duty of the committee on prison discipline:
‘To give attention to the internal orgunization and management
ces to be
of prisons, embracing the physical and moral inf
‘exerted on the prisoners during their confuement. This duty
shall Le comprised under the following heads: Health, reforma-
‘ion, convict labor, administration and internal police, com
parison of different prison systems, visitation of prisous and
houses of reformation, aud the whole subject of erkuinal law and
penal justice
XI. One or more agents may be appointed by the executive
committee to assist the standing committees in the performance
of their duty.
XIL. The recording secretary of the
seeretary of the executive committees and if shail be his duty to
keep the minutes of the proceedings of said committer, to record.
sociation shall be the
Pnisox Assocumion ov New Xone. \ — 64
ofl tn mewtags on me
of the committee. ETE SE
XIV. The treasurer shall receive and
fely keep all moneys
belonging to the association; shull pay over the aame aa dlrected
by the finance committee; shat! report at each stated meeting of
‘the execntive committee, and shall give such security for the
faithful discharge of his duty a that committee shall require
XV. The president, chairman of the exeutive committee and
corresponding sceretary shall he members, ox oficio, of all the
standing committees.
XVI. No alteration shall be made in these by-Jaws, except
'pon notice of the proposed amendment given at a previous meet.
ing of the exeentive committee.
Report of the Executive Committee.
tn compliance with the terms of its charter, the Prison Ass
elation presents its Aty-fou :
of its work, both economic and philam
by onnival seport to the Legislatare.
‘The varioss departments 0
and its oftice is becom
‘thropie, have been earrled on successfull
is ding pl .@ prisouers throughout the world.
‘Murough ita correspondents in all pacts of the globe it bas been
‘able to obtain for its Ibrary, whiel open to atndents of prison
ssucl information of value
Alscipline, yenology and’ erhmine
anagement of jastitutlons of a
‘a ‘and punitory natore, both in this country:
reform
eany, convective
11 nw knowledge of changes in the Lows gover
and abroad,
ing such institutions.
Jstag to ishor In prisons have not
acts of the
je institutions. Some
‘been ebanged
prison workshops
yo managers
be
to operation.
made before the exist
of these institutions do cot regard th
js ere, on the
scen by letters eppended. ‘The State prisea of
fea vith the
ona that 20W
contrary, well satis
real
he option of the warden of the Bing
i" 'y ia response io questions propounded by
ws county peattentiary
in expressed very brief!
this association, thus:
First_-Are the provisions of section 29 of the new Constitution
wise and an improvement on former laws? Answer. No.
Awxvat. Rupoir oF rum Pansow Assootnion ov Naw Yous. 63
Second—Does the new aystem afford employment for the eon:
victs as fally as the old? Answer. No.
‘The Rochester people have had no expesience with the new
aw as will be seen by the following:
‘Mowzon County Pasirewmany,
Roonnstsn, N. ¥,
Dear Sir--In answer to your inguiay all T can say is we are
working on old contracts as yet, and bave had no experience
under the new law.
‘Yours respectfully,
CHARLES A. WEESTER,
. Superintendent.
Similar conditions prevail in Onondaga county penitentiary:
Senacesi, N.Y.
Dear Sir—Answering yours would say tat we have contracts
Jn force that will kecp our men at work until 1900, so experience
has not given me any knowledge on
matter you ask about.
‘My idea is that when our
teacts expire onr men will be idle,
‘that there will be no work for lem. Tn long time prisons men
may be learned a trade that will keep them at work, bat not 80
the penitentiar
len ave not sentenced for a long enovgh
term to learn them angthing e
cept to make some little articles,
ete used, of which one week's work would supply our source
of demand for a year.
Very respectfully,
JOHN 8. MARKELL,
‘Suporintondont.
‘The following letters explain themselv«
New Yous Paxinmerapy,
Braccweets Isaxn, New Your, July 21, 1898
Wu. M. P. Rooxn, Esq, Corresponding Seoretary, Prison Assooia-
tion:
Dear Bie—I'have received yor commu
‘the provisions of section 29 of the new Constitution, and other
jeation in relation to
ot Axxoat Bepoer oF Te
questions with regard to the employment of conviets, and in
reply theroto I beg leave to state that am not aware of any Jaw
having been enacted by the new Constitution which affects the
eystem of employment of convicts, or the discipline at this pen.
tentiary which has been in vogue for the past twenty-five or
thirty years.
Tam, therefore, fot in a position to answer the questions which
. Very respectfully,
Signed), JOHN J. FALLON,
Warden,
(@he Blackwells Island penitentiary bos always manutactured
‘goods for use in the various institutions of the etty:)
Aupayy Cousey Paxizestiaiy,
Aunany, N. ¥, July 21, 1808,
Secretary of te Prison Asriation of New Yor
eae ir—Speeking froxs my own experienc, T would answer
‘to ies ou slam
1. T do not consider the provisos of ection 20 of the pew
Gonstiation an inprovernent on former laws, 1 bolo the law
popularly known as the “Fassett law,” which provided for the
‘employment of prisoners on the piecepriee plan, not to exreed
eight honrs per day, and prohibited the employment In any one
industry of a number of conviets greater thon five per cent. of
the number of persons employed in such Industry in the State,
‘was the best solution that bas ever been offered of the prison
Iuhor problem. ‘This plan sifonded a diversiiy of employment,
‘and, while the labor of the convieta was a aontee of revenae to
‘the prisons, the number employed in any one occupation was so
Insignificant that 1¢ did not interfere with oxtside labor
2 The new system docs not, s0 far ax my experince goes
provide employment for che prisoners as fully as the old.
Paisos Assocation or New Yous. CF
8. Since the prisoners are not so fully employed, their employ
‘ment is not so valuable, either to the State or to themselves,
A reasonable amount of employment is essential to good die-
cipline, good health and the formation of habits of industry in
coiviets; while continued employment at one tine of work gives
far better promise of enabling convict to support himaclt
bonestly after his discharge, because it makes him proficient
tm the trade or occupation at whieh be is employed while im
rion,
Since you are collecting information on this subject, I should
be very glad, if you can conveniently do s
know the
if you would let me
results of your inquiries from other sources,
Very respectfully,
(Signed), CHESTER ¥. DEARSTYNE,
Superintondent,
Oreron or na AGENt axD Wannox op Sina 8ix¢ Pussox,
Sine S10,
Dear Mr. Rouxp: ey te
You inquitte;
Ast. Are the provisions of section 29 of the New Constitution
wise and an improvement on former laws?
A. In my-opinion if the letter and spirit of the provisions of
this section are carried out and are permitted to remain on the
statute books they will constitute an improvement. on former
nwa,
24. Does the new aystem afford employment for convicts as
fally as the ola?
A. It does,
84. 18 the employment it affords as valuable to the State, and
especially to the convicts themselves, giving equal help to die:
5
Asxuan Bevonr op sm
cipline aud to reform, and equal promise ‘of selfsupport by In-
dustry atter discharge?
eee ‘Yours very truly,
Sigued, 0. V. SAGE,
Warden
Anon N. ¥
Secretary of Prison sesoition, New York N.Y.
Dear Sir-—Replsiug to your letter of the 20th Instant, 1 beg
fo aay thot I consider the provisions of section 29 of the new
Constitution wie aoa I believe an inprovement on former laws
governing the euyloywent of couicts, 1, of eoatse, bane iy
Judgwent more capecally on te experience Ghat I ine liad In
amy ow prisou, and T hava no doubt but that, with the same
conditions prevailing fa the othe prsuus of the State, the off
cinls of such other saattutions ave ofa Tike opinion.
[At the preseut tite aud, fa fae, from the dine that ou sew
twe have heen supplied with as many orders tor che various kinda
of mauufectored articles such an wo produce in thi paotcular
our available prisouers after the present industeal plant was
completed, tor doT teil stage instance wie we wore com,
pelled to reduce our working force In aany shop aa a. result of
staeznest in orders
Of course doring the Sst few months of the year 1807 we
were confronted with many and seemingly insurmountable aim-
Pausox Assocranion on Naw Yor. or
culties im the application of the new Convict Labor Law, and
We were compelled to meet the new eonditions slowly and with
great care, causing an interval in which we were unable to far.
fish labor for all our prisonere; vet through the ageney of the
State Commission of Prisons, in whose province rested the
Power to designate certain induatries to be located in each
Prison, we applied ourselves fo the organization of each industry
as allotted to’ us and have gradually worked into an industrial
organization of mammoth proportions, with an sullmnited de
‘mand for prisoners to co-operate with us as they are received,
In the wisdom of the Superintendent of State Prisous, and with
our hearty endorsement, it has seemed proper to subject atl in
mates of the prisons of the State to a system of grading based
on the number of convictions, and under the provisions of this
system we are compelled to wive considerable care and attention
to the manner of employment of the prisom population, Men of
the frst grade, or in other words, men who are now serving their
fest terms for felonies are placed on industries auch as afford
facilities for education in the trades, and such prisoners consti
tote the working force on the most profitable and valuable in- 7
dustvies. Men of other grades are located with a view ot pro
ucing useful artictes and accomplishing the greatest amount of
useful work, In prosecuting this system of gradiug we are, to a
certain extent, prevented from utilizing at om most desirable
and productive industries as many individuals as we coald if
this condition did not presail, but we adjust ourselves to the ei.
‘cumstances by setting apart eertain other industries to be con:
Auefed alone by men of lower grades in obedience to the grading
insteuctions, and, working along these tines, we find that our
epabilities for employing inmates are rapidly increasing, and
68 Awynan Reronr op 18
short-time we anticipated such a com-
within the reasonabl
plete and perfect organization that every man reeelved in any
prison of the State, if available, enn be placcé at work not only
to mect the demands of the law inviting hard labor for all com-
hem so that the
viets, but with the special view of working
peisouers may approach the longdesired state of being self-sup-
porting and at the same time be furnished with industeies that
will afford the prisoners instruction and experience that ean
be applied in a more practical manner than ever before upon
thelr release
We find that the quality of the produee of the prisons since
the inception of the Iaw has met, in nearly all eases, with the
approval of the officials of the Sine Institutions and divisions
to whom such product has been furnished, and having such
alk
solvent aud reliable market for our goods and receiving
times as nearly as possible the market prlee on our peoduet, we
find that our present employment of prisoners ia quite ax valu-
able to the State as under any former law, and when the new
law is obeyed to the Teiter hy ench and every member of oar
ct, and all are couvineed thit our facilities and capacities
tor prodneing supplies are limited and our product as satisfac
tory and of a grade suet as will compare favorably with similar
lines of goods on the market, we shall except the wana} amount
of orders heretofore given by them to manufacturers on the out-
side, and we shall then have @ market of a size and value as
Would meet the envy of azy manvfactirer in the world,
Very truly yours,
J. WARREN MEAD,
a eats Agent ond Warden,
1395
PRisox Assoctanion oF New Yous, Cc
At will be noticed that the while the wardens of the State
Prisons are practically united in pronouncing the existing law
‘entirely euecensfal the executive officers of county penitentiaris
hold a contrary opinion, Until all the penal fastitutions of the
State are compelted to observe its provisions, the Iaw may be
said to be in an experimental stage. Some complaints have
been heard by the Association aa to the quality of goods manu
faciured and also of a tendency on the part of one institution to
‘overcharge tor its product in order to make a better showing ia
its reports, If this be true, one prison ean exhibit a good fnan-
cial statement at the expense of the maintenance fonds of the
stitutions that are compelled by law to use its products, al
though they could obtain better goods at lower prices in the
‘open market
LETTERS FROM FOREIGN CORRESPONDING MEMBERS,
292 Com Naoanastact,
Komuacms, Toxo, Savas, July 81, 1998.
T have received your letter, In reply to the sme would say
that no great change bas taken place In our country of late,
‘hough there is mental organization in the matter of prison re.
form,
Mr. Shienejiro Ogawa a few years ago made a study of the
Prison aystem of Germany, and also attended the Prison Com:
gress In Paris, thereby becoming acquainted with the prison
syst
of America and of every Kuropean conntry. He is at
Present first officer of the prison system of Japan, and dhe te
‘heartily interested in prison reform. Many of the prison officers
and officers of the government share his zeal. Chief Justice
0 Assvar Reron? o7 an
-at effort on behalf of reform schoo!
‘Taigo Miyoshi is making a 61
work, and a reform school conducted on advanced principles will
be soon established in Tokyo.
pardon bus greatly increased the number of
‘The recent spe
iacharged prisoners, and the work of caving for them has also
increased rapidly. Mr. Tancaki Hara is doing much work in this
Airection, with excellent results.
A few months ago a prison reform elub was organized in this
ra consist of officers and eltizens who are
5 ite memb
earnestly Interested in this special work. ‘They assemble every
other month in the Young Men's Chistian Association Hall in
‘the city and consult with ench other regarding prison matters,
Tam a member of the club, and have studied advanced theories
of penalties in America by your guidance and Influence, and de
livering a lecture at each of its assemblies upon such topies aa
ntences.”
“Probation System” and “ Indeterminate
‘The indeterminate system is regarded favorably by the Prisow
Koclety. We helfeve formally jn its prinetples but axe somewhat
ivided as to methods of application
Count Itagaki, who is au earnest man in prison reform Las
become Minister of the Interior, whieh insures every consider
ation of advanced methods by the government. Personal
‘think ft je impossible to get good results of true reformation
jovernment weleome the Christian into the prison.
unless the
I speak this opinion to every nan who concerns himself ia this
work, and it is becoming more generally recognized, 50 that
Christian chaplains will he allowed in the prisons as well as the
Buddhist monks.
sd when
‘There is a revis‘on of penal laws now going forward a
itis
somplished it becomes necessary to revise the criminal
Paitox Associmox or New Your. a
Jaws Im natural course, a very hopeful indleation for prison re-
form in Japan,
With best regards to your eodlaborers,
T am, very faithtally yours,
KOSUKE TOMEOKA.
26 Rox Cavern, Pants, Feavos,
Suly 5, 1898,
Société de Patronage des Prisonnlers Libérés Protestants:
Answering your letter in which you ask for information ve:
snrding the slate penitentiases in France, 1 eg leave to give
You a beiet explanation of our own methods expectaly with ret
erence to the care of scharged prisoners, our aim being to
prevent their return to prion; and we also strive to provide
Workuien without resources the means af avoiding a condem,
nation for vagubondage or mendtet.
Por eigtoon yenrs we have adopted the plant gving assist
ance through work furnished to oor hevetcasies, having this
Work done in a pertienae house where they secve fall hoard
and lodging; at the same time, where they are not 4 fay Secu
vied but that they have time to sec for outside work for them.
elves. You will nd w fuller account ofthis wot in our re.
ort, and «desciption of the hospitalty offered in one workshop
house, 26 Tne de Feist, and which we call “Ta, Mateos
Mogptaiee” i
‘The underlying principle ofall out Work of natstance i the
reservation of men who would be struck helpless by the hand
of fortice withont some aid tal
le of such an environment as
they are able to make for themselves,
2 AsnuaL Revorr oF em
J trust that you will agree with us that work Is the most
eMleacions means of preventing vagabondage gnd mendieity
This is a problem which in France seriously oceupies us
More than eighty Socioties encouraged by the results already
obiained are at work, and we hope soon that legistative mea
tures will be taken to enforce work on those “ incortigibiy idle”
and who persistently refuse to accept work that is offered them.
1 am, way dear sir, with the most distinguished sentiments
G, ROBIN.
Ihe wok of the BIE de Patiounge des Prisouniers Libéds
(Prsenl)ia pe ot 6 olleas an6 en hibernate
woold, The reports reered to abore aze worthy Yonger com
Beedle We an able Au gh ten Nene, TAG Ts
tures tnt commend themectve i innictive 6 those engaged
tn sntlar work ore
De. Hermon Anni whiten wo 4 vale lige ta whieh he
sirens of al hangs a the ein] In, ad awe aecting
er
‘Yoon. This ut, WhGD i of peat nporioue to. epepats, te
alstth-onPomea:white 1 sia se by ny ond whe Raion:
ee
laws tn diferent paris of Europe ns folove: Pruslt, October
25, 1805, getmtng power to the attorney general toabtan Mere
oe ee een
sane tina als inonibe Dnpeiomwents ta EviGerend i Ge
Contant Neutered eae 0h, whic
Ii bien voninaiest en ey be see On we AOE
tio, Very grat changes are being made in the Ewetinh eae
ooking to a more general adoption of conditional Liberation.
Weg
Pntsox Assoctaniox oF Now Yon. cc
LETTER ON DISCHARGED PRISONERS’ AID SOCIETIES
FROM JOANNA M. HILL 70 W. M. F. ROUND, RSQ.
Bronvorant, Exe,, September, 1898,
Dear Sir—T have heen honored by a request to uive a briet
‘ecount of the methods in use in England for rendering anstat
nee to.pilsoners of both sexes, who, on their discharge from jail,
sive reason for hope that they are desirous of leading a better
life for the fature.
‘The pioneers in this direction were Mrs, Fry and the ladies
‘evociated with her, among the female prisoners of Newgate gaol.
1 myself was nursed in infancy by a protégée of thin associa.
tion, who completely regained her character. ‘The success which
‘attended the efforts of these ladies led thoughtful minds to recog:
nize that every person reclaimed into the ranks of the wage
earners from those of the wastrels, in addition to the boon con-
ferred upon the individual, is a distinct gain to the community.
In 1856 a discharged prisoners! aid society, which I betieve to
have been the first ofits kind, was established in Birmingham by
the governor, the chaplain, the surgeon and the matron of the
aol, Gradually its usefulness was so fally recognized that at
the present time no gaol in England is without this benificont
institution, Some, like that of Birmingham, include ladies
‘Among the members of the committee who visit the women's side
of the gaol, and render material service in dealing with dis-
‘charged femate prisoners,
‘This movement has met with the approval of our government
and each society receives, iu addition to its income derived from
Voluntary sources, a grant calculated ou the average number of
inmates of tho gaol to which itis attached from publie funds; on
the condition that the society complies with rules which have
u Asswan Report ov Tine
heen drawn up after consultation by the home office with th
‘principal societies.
The modus operondt in a9 follows: A patd agent is employed
by the moiety to meet the prisoner at the prison door on his
rtmetneye to profes bis services 40 hetp itt fo And works if
sreceanany a swat! om of money ix provided either to"Keep the
Teraty wnt enplogavent ean be found fr the paren, o€ £9 Dro
vide tools, or if the ex-prisoner hawks goods, to buy stock, ‘The
agent, if desitable, necompanies the man to bis former employer
te intercede on his hehalf for another opportunity. A consider:
ible proportion of the men are 80 accepted, with marked success
Luam society, of whieh
according to the experience of the Birmin
Others are lieiped i their home be at a dis:
Tam a member.
tance to return thither, the railway teket in these eases being
nit, thus obviating the temptation of spend:
purchased by the
ing the money in any but the sight way. Boys and girls on their
enlargement, are conveyed o their homes by the agent. Te also
men and women at their homes for motive after the
be re
rst assistance has been rendered, to ascertain if more
quired, and also the subsequent conduct of the protéxés.
‘the men are more easily disposed of than the women, for they
can be returned mostly to ontdoor employment, while the
women's occupations being mostly Indoor, thus affording great
opportunity for dishonesty—emplosers justly require that the
‘moral character should be established. Taundries, however,
where they ean obtain daily employment while living elsewhere,
fare the great source in helping these women, AS many do well
it only association with bad companions can be effectually
ve searee and
broken, emigration to a district where women an
employment for them is plentiful, i# also useful;
Prigox Ajsociatiox oF Naw Yous: %
instances has been highly successful in enabling them to com-
pletely regain their character. But as some societies have not
been careful to select only hopeful cases, prejudice against the
immigration of convicted women bas not
naturally arisen in
the United States and in Canada; in consequence at the present
time the societies are forbidden hy the government authorities
to use their funda for this purpose,
‘The assistance the societies render is almost entirely confined
to prisoners with short sentences convieted for the first time,
‘and when for some exceptional reason that rule is departed from
the astistanee is rendered to euch only as have not received it
before.
In addition, nowever, by the requirement of the government, it
Ig also extended to conviets, 4, pertons who have undergone @
sentence of penal servitude, leaving gaol with ticket of leave, who
have to submit to police supervision until the period of their
sentence be expired, andatterwards if that sperviaion be coupled
(aa It sometimes is) with penal servitude in the ease of serious
erimes, -When the
convict is ahout to receive his tieket of leave
and quit the gaol persuasion fs sed to induce him to place his
gratuity he has earned by bis good conduct marks amounting
sometimes to six or seven pounds In the hands of the society of
bis own district to which he is returned at the public expense,
‘Thus he is saved from the temptation of spending it in some
vicious extravagance, and will be advised how it should he used ~
in the best way to further his reformation. 1 am glail to say
most of the convicts do place their hardly earned money in thi
safekeeping, Alas, however, I knew a woman who, having thos
refused to thus deal with her money, spent the whole Ave poids
{in one morning's drinking bout.
a ‘nsrohe Matpaae on ra: Parsox Association or Nw York. a
‘The resutt of the societies beneficlent Inbors Is most gratifying,
you will have your exceeding great reward, the consciousness of
Many whose conscience bas been awakened in the solitude of the doing right, of obeyl
ly to the
‘the commands of your Divine Master,
ations of the chaplain turn
‘cell and hy the mini
Him who spoke the immortal words, ‘ Do unto others as ye would
friend meeting them at the gaol door with proffer of help. They
really intend to try to be honest for the future, but except for
asts
they should do unto you.”
‘Your obedient servant,
‘and the hope thos raised in their bt JOANNA M. BILL.
xb to the
‘hie timely assistance
+ Birmingham, September, 1808.
that reformation is possible they would again suc
temptation that has overpowered them before
‘ons assisted is proportionately
‘The recommittals of the
amall. For instance, fhe Birmingham soctety records in 1897 Avvmnsnme, Asinasosn, August 27, 1808,
oF 8 per cent, reconsmitted out of 907 assisted, In 1866 1 am answering your letter from among the Swedish woods
and rocks, where Tam taking my summer vacation, I have prof:
only 26,
se was ascertained that 88 per cont. of offenders for the frst time
‘were recowmitted In the same disteiet
‘The amount expended by the society on these 907 persons in
‘ted hy my stay here in the North to see some of the prisons, and
am delighted with the strict system observed. Scandinavia has
‘ansistonce Uy fo0d, clothing, tools, railway fares, ete, was £110 8 better onganized system of penology than we have yet achieved
two shillings and five pence per head; In Germany.
nt, printing reports
2s, Gd, a Little nove 1
hile the whole cost,
scLidiag wlan of ‘Yon ask me to give you someaccountof the progress of penology:
and criinotogy in my own country (Germans). Teannot say muck
of it
and other expenses amonnts only to four shillings and two pence
ver head, money well spent reckouing the results. “nSortlbally ware zzeatinewn ns do Charpraatiqnl devel
, the late
‘these results also justify the propbesy of my fat opment of our systems, but our government seems deat to much
Matthew Davenport Hit, af the conclusion of his speech in sup: that ought to be done. ‘The old dispute aa to the aims and ends
port of the uowlyestablished society ou the 17th of October, of penology goes on, but the new school is growing larger and
the belief is gaining ground that penalty is only one of the
social methods by whieh exime may be prevented or held in check,
1856: J trust yon will let your kind feelings frectify in good
facts, If so you shall have sour reward, You will wot, itis true,
2 eee We look to some changes in the penal laws by which the old, ar
bitrary getting out of penalty by dollars and cents will be done
away with, and the individuality of the criminal will be the
standard of treatment for reformation
sacrifices and exertions, Yoo will perhaps gather no fame.
‘Your names may never extend beyond your native street,” He
* was appealing to the artizan, the small employer, the Tittle shop
keeper, who, to his knowledge, lind come for
An excellent paper om
this subject is published by Professor Seaffutt, Bonn, which is
“Was wil, was kann, was soll die Staatliche Strafe?” 1897.
rd again and
But
again to take back young offenders Into their employment
6 Anxcat Bu
srman gooup of the State Federal Law Union of penal
Jaw, following these ideas in 1807, discussed the question whether
at once the new ideas might find application in our courts, ‘The
group demanded that ony judges ought to regard more the indie
viduallty of offenders, whether they ave hnbltaals, or accessible
to reformation, or merely criusinals by ehance, For the last
clgss a sharp deteriorating effect of the punishment is necessary;
for the second, all the educational means of a long punishment,
together with a release on patole; for the Ast elass, a Jong, se-
vere imprisonment, aud especially we ought practically to abol-
h the short terms of a few days and develop a more rational
application of the fines besides all that, the efforts to help the
released prisoners soma be ent
Unfortunately, these ideas are rarely accepted in practice
Our statutes introduced a conditions? condemnation, bat this
is applied om ly one short-term
0 juveuiles np to 18 years
sentence (three months). Onr ndgea also failed to carey out the
jilea has no rewult, On the
law, s0 thst most probably t
other side, ovr method of conditional relense alrendy now applied
only in a few cases in Prussia, is much cozdenmed by same prison
oftcers,
‘The most remarkable step taken by our government in 1897 Is
These
publishing of “ Prinelples for the trestiwent of prisoners.
are given to effect at least a certain watty im prison manage.
ater on the total unity in
ment In the different states, 20 that
Imperial prison life might be possible, but bias all the faults of
a compromise publiention, Tt treats of only a few and pot the
improvement questions, aud those so widely at vaviance that a
real accordance between the statmtes never will come out af
them, They fs a few roles for the building and growth of cells,
Paisox Assoctatiox oF New Your. ic
‘thecdiseiplining and separation of the sexes and classes of pris:
outers, advocate the separate system, but always with the clause
“as far ns possible;” that the prisoners ought to work, that they
ought to have tusicuction, that they should receive visitors; aleo
as to disciplinary power of odicors, all most trifling things, but
uot one word as to the juvenile eriminal’s conditional release ot
the 1ike,
As there was no hope of getting anything better now, the Ger-
‘man Prison Association as well ax the German groups of the
“Union of Penal Law” had to declase themselves satisfied with
them,
About on
ve
‘we must do more for the education of neglected juveniles and
t every one now seems in accordance, viz, that
that we have to do more in super
ing working boys. Oar
Tegisinture shows here u progress in giving stricter rules of
technien! management and instruction of young laborers as well
as in the betier care tor housing a
figher sort of working peo-
ple. Our indnstriat classes can do much for the prevention of
crime, In Teerlin there bas heen founded a society for the pro-
tection of working children leaving sehool, and the results begin
More and more Judges understand the need of
the youth, pure punishment, more education before a crime is
to be excellent
committed, in the way of prevention, and most Is done against
alcoholism, and where just this evil ts growing to, slowly we
find more intevest and better hetp among all classes, only ou
Legislature is far bebind, and a gevat thing is the bureau for pro-
caring Tabor, uow established almost everywhere. Ite help: ia
8 great on
for released prisoners,
I should mention at least the oft-repeated demand that Ger
many onght to introduce transportation, but no one of our well-
0 Aysvat, Rerout oF Ht
‘unown penologists Is in favor of this old-fashioned method. The
agitation meets with favorable seception only on the part of
‘those who do not understand our penal system, who do not stodgy
his .a-who, withont energy themselves, despair of any good
results from our efforts ;
‘one tittle volume, # Zeitschrift far
In literature I mention on
fgntnal Politik.”
Strafrecht” and also “ Jahebitcher fiir k
With best regards Tam, yours very sine
WOLFGANG MITTE
‘to corresponding members in various parts of the United
sibmitted, with a
Btates the following series of questions was submitted, wit
viow to obtaining news of any changes or experiments in meth:
quent classes.
ds of treatment of the deli
MICHIGAN
‘An answer to the te questions propounded by the secretary
of tho Prison Association of the State of New York.
dat Q. Has there been in your State an adoption of the indeter
inate sentence principle with the parole system?
Ist A. A law providing for the indeterminate sentence was
passed in Michigan some years ago, but was declared unconstl
tutional by the Supreme Court of the State. No new law bas
since been enacted, but @ growing eentiment exists in favor of
‘he enactment of one, and itis believed such a Taw will be enacted
at an early date.
2a Q, The status of prison labor. Is the contract system ip
any form in vogue iu your State? ;
24 A. Labor in the prisons of this State is carried on upon the
State account plan and also according to the contract system, a=
Paisox Associaniox of New York, a
in found best for the interests of the State, ‘The law itself pro-
vides that prisoners shall be employed at produetive labor, and
‘the warden ia required to “use ever
y proper means to furnish
employment to prisoners most beneficial to the State and best
suited to their several eapacitiea.” Prisoners are not assigned
to contracts if thes cam be better employed on State account,
‘There is no difference in the treatment of convicts when employed
on conteaets th
in when employed on State account. He is never
placed under the dominion of the- contractor, but remains under
the control of the prison keeper, the same in one case as in the
‘other, and enjoys the same opportunities for training, schooling
and in all other respects. ‘The contract gyatera, where it exists
in this State, is the limited one.
8d Q. Have you trade schools in your prisons or other schools?
8d A. No trade schools, strictly speaking, exist in the prisons
‘Trades are taught, however, and schools exist in all of the prisons
for the general education of eouvleta,
4th Q. Are the prisonors graded? If 0, are they graded in
regard fo degrees of crime, number of convictions, or simply by
age?
4th A. ‘The prisoners are classifed according to moral char
acter and conduct while in prison, According to the provisions
of law which is in force “it shall be the duty of the boards to clase
ify the prisoners In their respective prisons into three grades, as
follows: In the first grade shall be Included those appeating to
be corrigible or less vicious than the others and likely to ob
serve the laws and maintain themselves by honest industry after
@ischarge; in the second grade shall be incInded those appearing
to be incorrigible or more vielous, but so competent to work and
0 reasonably obedient to prison discipline as not seriously to
2 Axweat Revonr of 783
: ployed; in the third
cof those in company with whom lie mnt be e05
grade shall be included those appearing to be jucor
+ s0 incompetent, otberwise than from temporary
gible or 50
ingubordinate 0
iM health, 28 to seri
y interfere with the diseiptine
Pnopucrivexess or op Lason oF rae PRIBOS.
ection 24, Act 118, Laws 1503,
special venzons exist for
‘the prisoner when received, unless special abe
racteris
is placed in the middle grade
fn different assignime
ecording to Ws conduct and chi
graded and promoted
ties exhibited in the prison, He is degraded for any violation of
rules and advanced for perfect vehavfor for six months from
grade to grade.
jar State and
sth Q. Ts corporal panishment in vogue in yo
county prisons?
sth A. Corporal punishment Is allowed in the prisons with eer
Im practice it is seldom re
tain restrictions and limitations,
effected through the forfeiture of prtv+
sorted to, diseipline being:
sloges, the law in relation to grading and the forfeiture of good
‘6th Q. What is the popular feeling in 5° :
capital punishment?’ Has there been any legislation proposed
. in Mieh}gan for
Jr State In regard to
Gth A. Capital punishvent has not existe
time to time to re
1d, and this
ve bec made from
many years, Fiforts have b
store it ie certain eases, ‘These, however; bave fi
fact fornishes evidence that the sentiment of the State is against
capital punishment for crime.
‘7th Q. Ave your prisons self-sustaining?
‘ Paisox Association or Naw Yon. =
‘Tth A. The prisons of this State are not, aa a whole, self-ene-
taining, although, as we believe, nearer so than the prisons of
‘most of the other States. There is but one prison of the grade
similar in character to the prisons in Sing Sing, Auburn and
‘Clinton, In the State of New York, and that is the State prison
at Jaokson. For several years that prison has been nearly self.
sustaining, and some years has earned an income of a few thou:
sand dollars above all of the curvent expenses. For the two
years ending July, 1890, that prison lacked only $18,000 per
year of paying all expenses, both of detention and aupport of
convicts ‘The report of the two years last past will in a short
time be completed, when 1 will advise you of the showing made
by It, At my last examination of the accounts it appeared that
for the e
lendar year 1807 the prison bad run hehind gelfsapport
less than $1,000, By selfsupport T mean not nierely the cost of
maintenance of the prisoners, Dut also the cost of running the
prison itself, Including the salaries of officers, of guards and
Keepers and the like; indeed, all the enrrent expenses,
801 Q. Does the Siate make any provision for the temporary
care of discharged prisoners while they are seeking rehabitita-
ton’
8th 2
‘The State does not make any provision for the tempo.
rary care of discharged prisoners while they are seeking rehabilt-
tation, excopt this: At his discharge the prisoner recetves a small
amount, varying i
practice from
0 to $15. ‘This amount he
always receives, Jf his residence he far from the prigon he is
always furnished transportation to bis home, if he have one
within the State,
‘There is, however, a private institution at Detroit, under the
management of Mrs. d’Arambial, which is quite successful.
Bt Awxuar Roront oF TH
9€h-@. Upon what terms is citizenship restored to discharged
ners?
‘Oth A. The prisoner ig restored to citizenship on his dis
charge ipso facto.
10th Q. Ie suspension of
‘the ease of frst offenders?
40th A. No express proviston of lew exista as yet providing for:
‘Under the authorliy existing at
1f sentence allowed in your courts in
‘the suspending of sentence.
common law, courts do suspend sentenee in eases wh
the Biote.
vere, in hele
judgment, this course will be most useful to
©. M. BARNE!
President Joint Prison Boards.
MISSOURI,
State Board of Charities and Corrections, Kansas City, Mo-
‘Our last legislature passed an act giving judges diseretion in
‘eriminal cases, to suspend the executio# of sentence which is
practically the parole system, and some of our judges are ex
perimenting, These Ine been no act permitting the indeter
ininate sentence through the matter is under discussion, and will
no doubt be enncied if we secnre a separate prison for fret
offenders, which T hope our governor will recommend to the
nert legislature (1898-1899)
gue, and several large factories,
and pethaps clothes
‘The copteaet system is in v0)
& saddtery and barnes, shoes and boots
aro operated in our State prison at the Capitol, and prisoners
fare let to these at a “per diou,
1 think, no trade schools, but the chaplain conducts
There a0
night schools for some of the prisoners, and a bible school om
. Paisos Assoctaniox or Now Yon. 85
‘Sunday. (I am not so certain about this answer, but I give my
Impression.)
T think the prisoners are not graded in any way. Of course
‘they are separated into “good and bad,” vicions, ete., and are
‘treated accordingly.
‘am very sorry to say that corporal punishment still prevails
in our State prison, thongh only
in rare eases; I know of none in
county prisons. In some counties where the exslavers are
numerous, there lias been some tal
of the “whipping post,”
ut 1 do not recall one where it has been adopted. In a few
‘eounties vagrapts have been sold to the highest bidder; this,
however, is rar, and public sentiment docs not approve it
It is becoming more and more difficult to convict for a capital
‘offence, and T am of the opinion that popnlar feeling is strongly
against capital punishment, ‘There bas been no Togislation on
the subject and none proposed as yet, so far as I know.
Our State Prison is self-sustaining, and it is said will turn
into the State Treasnry this year about $40,009 (forty thousand
dollars). I know of no other unless it be some of the work
hoses,
Tam sory to say that It does not—at least no adequate pre
‘and perhaps #5 on discharge. About
this, howerer, there Is much complaint, and I hope some early
‘vision, A suit of clothe
action will be had.
It is entively in
bands of the Governor and depends on a
pardon-before the expiration of the sentence. *
7
T have answered this question in part under No. 2. Tn-case |
of suspension the prisoner Is required to report to the court
giving sentence. No officers save the prosecuting attorney and
Judge exercise any surveillance.
86 Axswac Repoet or THE
We are making some progress in Missouri, but under serious
‘embarrassments. .
‘he last legislature ereated a State Board of Charities, bat
with very limited powers, and a very insuflcient appropriation,
but even in this case the Board will be able to give to the Legis-
cate a much better knowledge of
Inture and to the people of the &
our penal and charitable Institutions and the penal laws of the
State than we have ever had,
‘The only real dipieulty: ia the way of progress is the curse of
potitice in the control and management but some day even this
will be overcome or minimized, ‘This year we have succeeded in
working sowie important reforms In onr county inrmaries and
jails, 1 will be glad if these delayed items shall be of seevice to
yo
‘Thanking you for what yoo have said of the work im your
great State and hoping for still better things,
Tam, very truly yours,
‘THOMAS P. HOLLY.
COLORADO.
State Board of Charities and Corrections, Denver, Col
‘the Industrial
‘The parole aystem is in force in this State
Rehool for Girls, the Industvial Rehool for Boys, and the State
Reformatory. At the Industrial Schools paroles are made by
tie Boards of Control upon a showing satisfactory to thom, and
care outside of personal watching of inter
no system of al
ested members of the Board is in force. At the State Reform:
after a year's good time.
tory parolex are granted as a rule 0
‘The Prison Commissioners issue the paroles, and paroled men
Prisox Associanioy o& New Yous. oo
‘ave required to report once a month to the warden, stating the
work they axe doing, the amount of money earned, and how ex-
pended. ‘The warden makes this parole system valuable by
personally hunting up all who are delinquent in their reports,
and returning them to the reformatory without expense to the
State.
Effort has been made to secure thepassage of the indeterminate
sentence for the State Penitentiary, but it has not met with the
approval of any Legistature, ‘The diticalty of the
sentence is that without civib service in the Penitentiary there ia
indeterminate
too great a possibility for unwise use of the indeterminate power
by the Boards of Prison Commissioners,
‘The prisoners'of the State Penitentiary and Reformatory have
no Inbar save routine duties about the priton and some farm and
garden wor
‘The contract system was never in force in this State.
‘The Penitentiary has a night school three evenings a week,
presided over by the chaplain with educated conviets as assist-
fants, At the Reformatory the chaplain personally dineets the
studies of the convicts in their cells, ‘This form of individual
instruction proves most satisfactory ax i¢ relieves the prisoner
of embarrassment he would feel were he to betray his ignorance
hhefore a clase, and it gives opportunity for Individual work with
t
convict and his improvement and progress in study is rapid.
‘The prisoners at the peuitentiary ure geaded by the warden
upon thelr bearing and conduct regardless of degree of exime,
age or number of conyietions. ATI life prisoners, however, are
not made first grade prisoners in the fact that they must wear
stripes while frst grade prisoners wear a uniform of ticking.
Good conduet life prisoners, however, are not discriminated
88 ao Asswat, Roront o Tam
against in regard to food or privileges within the walls and they
‘may wear thelr hai
‘The discipline is by the personality of the warden in his com:
toug if they go elect.
yy a system of merits or grade
uct with the men rather (ha
Corporal punishment is in vogne in the penitentiary, reform
latory and industrial schools subject to the discretion of the
executive ofieers, At the penitentiary it Is used only in x
treme cases, and where the warden thinks the conviet deserving
of such punishment will be benefited by it Some prisoners will
not stand corporal punishment and the warden discreetly avoids
Inflicting it im such cases, Their forms of punishment allow
aolated in lighted cells, in dark cells and by chaining wp to &
State
wall. In no case is corporal punishment Inflicied in any
fmatitation save throagh wise management. A full record is
kept of a
In regard to capita
1 punishment
punishment; the bill repeating capital
punishment was passed last year but the popular feeling is that
capital punisbment should be restored, 1 8 doubtful, however,
If the popular sentiment has a good foundation, and the matter
of restoring enpital punishment ja this State will be vigorously
opposed, ‘There are no available statisties Dut the showing 18
made that 50 per cent. of the murder rials In the State of Colo
rado siuce the law abolishing capital puntshment was in force
have resulted in convictions; of these six were convieted of mur-
der in the first degree. How many of these convictions would
not have been secured hind capital punishment been in fore of
course carinot he known, but according to past experlenee it ts
-n secured,
mnt as
possible that not all these convietions would bare be
Mhe deterrent effect of a capital punishment law is 60
to be no argument.”
Pniso¥ Assocratiox of New Youe. 89
Our prisons
re supported at heavy expense to the State and.
under the present system of management there is little income
derived from. work of the prisoners.
Disehurged prisoners are restored to fall citizenship hinme-
Siately upon discharge, are given $10 in money, a ticket to the
place whence they came, and a sult of new eltizens clothes,
‘There has beon recently organized in this State a Prisoner's Aid
IF eave for and assist deserving
such relief is only granted after rigid investigation,
Society which sec
to tempora
eases, bat
Courts have discretionary power in regard to suspending sen.
tence, and such a
pension is entirely under the surveillance of
the courts,
Recently in Denver a truant oMcer was appointed by the
united action of the scliool boards of the eity and to that truant
officer all eases of suspended sentences of minors are reported.
©. L. STONAKRR,
Seoretary,
LOUISIANA,
Cmanerr Oncastzation Soomrr,
Now Onuieans, La.
Corresponding Secretary Prison Assnoiation, N. ¥.
Dear Sir-—In answer t
your lelter of the 12th inet,, Y have
‘the honor to state (answering your questions)
1L Our prison association of New Orleans introduced a bill for
the indeterminate sentence last month before our Legislature;
it passed the House, but was rejected by the Senate,
2, The contract lease exists in our penitentiary; at present this
contract will expire in 1900, when, according to an-ordinance in
90 Axxvat Rapont oF TH
oor last constitution, no convict can be leased any more, but
must be worked by the State,
3. No echools of any kind exist in ovr prisons:
4. Prisoners ate not graded.
5. Corporal panishment is not allowed offically.
6. Popular feeling Is in favor of eapital punishment.
1, Our prisons are not self-sustaini
5. Our State makes no provision for discharged prisoners.
1. 10 not know.
16, No.
‘The Prison Associution of Louisiana has succeeded in many
local measures, a8 far as New Orleans is concerned.
“We have tried also (o introduce reforms in the State, and ad
Jegistature—srst, indeterininate sentence;
‘three bills before
second, classification of convicts, and regulation of prison labor;
s ard of charities
third, creation of a State board
At one time we had strong hopes to have all three bills passed,
but we found out Inter that the pressure of our political ring was
too strong, and none of our bills passed finally.
‘Yours truly,
MICHEL HEYMANN.
ALABAMA.
Convicr Bussav,
Moxrcowwns, Ata.
ear Sir;—With reference to the subject matter of your com
‘uunication of the Sth instant, wlil state in reply to interrogatory:
1. No; have the parole system.
2.No, Convicts are hired to coutractors to work in mines
‘Those bired
farms and saw rallls and worked on State account.
Pgs
Pnisox Assoctasi0N or New Yous. ve
to work in mines are hired on class and thosé elsewliere per
capita.
8. Have night echoola, reading, writing, ete.
4. Those convicted of offenses that does not involve moral tur
pitude are not worked with felons
5. Yes,
6. In favor of the death penalty.
1. Yea,
8 No.
8. Entirely in the diseretion of the Governor.
10. No,
‘Very respectfully,
8. B. TRAPP,
President.
VInGINia.
sxuown, Va.
Corresponding Secretary Prison Association, New York:
Teannot undertake to answer nt very great length, Fvery day
coms to add to the pressures of my life, but I do answer your
queries soriatim as fully as I have time to do, as follows, to wit:
L. There never has been in Virginia any general adoption of
the principle of the indeterminate sentence into the legislation
of the State, except in connection with the Industeial School or
Prigon Association of Virginia’ Under the legislation formerly
{in existence, bays were committed to us indefinitely, that is, until
‘their minority, but all Ghat hos heen changed, and there ate now
Aefinite Himits to the sentence, The Prison Association Board
can discharge the boys before these limits are reached, but can-
not detain them beyond these limits, ‘This change was made
Axwoat Ruposr oF 72
‘as one result of the investigation last winter, and we found that
the best interests of the school required, or seemed to require,
that we should yield the point of principle, making the maximom
terms as loug as we could, which we did
2. The contract aysiem is in force in Virginia, a contract being
made with the Davis Boot and Shoe Company, aud it has worked
jer thom the
in many respects astonishingly well, infinitely be
old system of leasing out the conviets to railroads and public
works, ‘The men are under the regular prison guard, work with:
1 for, and they
up a fund for
{n the prison enclosure, they are well fed and ¢
are allowed hy overwork and many of them do Ta
themscives and families, This contract includes only convicts
in the penitentiary. So far as T know the prisoners In the jaile
throoghout the commovwealth are absolutely idle
3. We have nothing that could be strictly called @ “trade
school” in the penitentiary or in any other prisons in the State,
gnasieriminal classes. As far a
‘or sebools for the criminal or
industvial school or Prison Association
possible the boys in oar i
iamee, they are em
of Virginia have voried Industries, as for
guged in farming, that in, coltivating the ground and vere of
ts and clothes, they have
‘stock; they make thelr own shoes
made brooms and horsecollars and clothing, they have done @
00d deal of bricklaying, carpentering and painting, ete, ete
but pone of these efforts oF arrangements can be said to approach:
‘the character of a real trade school. Both the State and ont
J.ing im the resources necessary to con-
Association are utterly I
uot such a scheme,
44. There is nothing like philosophical gradation of prisoners
in Virginia, In our Prison Association Schoo! boys are divided
-adation there is chiefly upon age
into three families, but the er
Paisoy Assocraniox of New Yous. 98
and size and far from what it ought to be. So far as I know
there is no gradation; that is, separation into different grades, im
‘the penitentiary or in jail,
5. Corporal punishment is in vogue in our State penitentiary
and also to some extent in the jails
6, The popular feeling in our State is in favor of capital pum
jing it, but the
advocates of the measure have nover heen able to muster any
strength.
7. Our State penitentiary is self-sustaining. No other prison
Im the State is so far as T know.
& The State docs not make any provisions for the temporary
care of a discharged prisoner.
ishment. Legislation has been proposed abel
9. There are no fixed terms upon which citizenship Is restored
to a discharged prisoner, Occasionally the Governor, upon spe-
cial petition, removes the political and other disabilities of dis-
charged criminals
10, here is nothing like a “ first offender's act” in Virginia
‘and of course there are no probationary sentences for young erim-
inals and first offenders, the nearest approach to anything of
the sort being in connection with our Industrial School or Prison
Association
‘Yours truly,
ROR'T STILES.
P, SI must modify my answor to the first questien to this
extent: At the last session of our Legislature there was passed
fan act which authorized any prisoner who should serve out, 1
0
ik, onehalf of the sentence or term for whieh he was ovigh
nally committed, with a perfect record, that is, « record for good
behavior, to apply to the board of the institution, that is, of the
of Asnvat, Rerort on 1m
State penitentiary, to look into bis eate, and to recommend his
Alscharge, and the Governor, as I recall the act—it is not now
before me—is authorized, upon the recommendation of the board,
to grant the prisoner a discharge upon parole during good be-
havior,
coNNECTICUT.
Hanreons, Cone
1. Flas there been in your State an adoption of the indeter:
inate sentence principle with the parole system, or of any at-
tempt made io the direction of ite adoption?
A. Adopted for reformatory in 1805, and work begun on bulla-
Act repealed in 1897 and work abandoned, Attempted for
A807. Substantial failure owing to power being.
left with Stale Board of Parone; thins of si< uomes recom.
monded Hus fox by the prison directors two were refused by the
board of pardons owing to opposition of State's attomeys. The
indeterminate sentence was recommended by the prison author
ities, but was not oven incorporated in the bill granting the modi
‘ed parole above desertbed.
2 The status of prisou labor. Ts the contract system in any
form in vogne In sour State?
A. Contract aysiem is Iv vogne in prison; slight attempt made
to limit prison labor in the dincetion of hygiene, “ Nothing to be
mannfactared that goos nto people's mouths,” as pipes; carried
‘This fu 1802, Ia 1805 Yurther attempt, reqniving stamping of
prisonmade goods; failed.
8, Have you trade schools in your prisons, or other achools?
A. No trade schools; usual night schools for primary English
branches,
Paisox Assoctation op New Yous. 9%
4 Are the prisoners graded; if so are they graded in regard
(o degrees of crime, number of convictions or simply by age?
A. Bince 1807, in State prisons graded according to behavior,
‘three classes—distinctions of privilege food, eetla And uniform,
5, 1s corporal punishment in yogue in your State and county
prisons?
A. No. .
6. What is the popular focling in your State in regani to
capital punishment? Has there been any legislation proposed?
A. No agitation, und no apparent feeling against, No logisla-
om proposed sv far as I remember. Several murders, convic
‘ions and executions past ieee oF four years. Circumstances
horrible, evidence convincing, not mach sympathy.
1. Are your prisons self sustaining?
A, The Wethersfield State Prison has been some years, but on
the whole there is a defeit, {hough small
8, Does the State make any provision for the temporary care
of discharged prisoners while they axe seeking rebabilitation?
A. No, but there is prisoner's association with a paid agent,
‘and much is done by it. ‘The reformatory act above referred to
sade careful provision for State care,
9. Upou what terms is citizenship restored to discharged pris:
A. Special act of Legislature requized, rarely, it ever, refused
when applied for
10. Is suspension of sentence allowed in your courts in the case
of firnt offenders? Under what surveillance are sueh cases
placed, aud are there probationary sentences for young eriminals
‘nd fest offenders with oftcers to Insure the provisions of sur
96 Aywoat Rerout or TH
|A. Police courts and other justices frequently suspend sem
tence ds @ matter of fact. T doubt whether they have spectile
statute authority for so doing. For the most part no “surveil:
tance.” T recall one court (Norwieh) where the prisoner is put
virtually under the guardianship of the eity missionary, formally
ns necount if he has any,
transferting to im bis wages and b
and is produced by bim in court at regular intervals, ‘There is a
Boys! School (reform school) and a Girls’ Industrial School
(eeform schoo), with the oxual provisions for holding until ma-
iug earlier. ‘The gitls’ school is a private
jority and disebar
‘corporation, but ja subsidized by the State
J. J, MoCOOK.
MINNESOTA,
Sr, Paur, Max,
Corresponding Secretary Prison Association, New York:
sponding vy
‘Sir:—In answer to your letter would reply as follows:
1. Has there been in yo
principle with the parole system, or of any at
wy State an adoption of the Indeter
minate sentence
Je in the direction of its adoption?
tempt
A. Yes.
2, The status of prison labor. Is the contract system in any
form in vogue én your State?
'A. Piece price in shoe factor, but on State account—mostly
twine factory.
3, Have you trade schools in your prisons? No. Or other
schools? Yes.
4, Are the prison
to degrees of crime, number of convictions or simply by age?
graded; if s0, ave they graded in regard
A. Yes; by conduct in prison,
Boe
Pausox Assooration o¥ New Yoix, a
6. Is corporal punishment in vogue in your State and county
prisons?
A. No
©. What ts the popular feeling in your State ia regard to
capital punishment? Hus there been any lelsltion proposed?
AL We favorit
1, Ae sour prisons seltsustainng?
A. Prlson is, but not retormator.
& Does the State make any provision forthe temporary care
of discharged prisoners while they are seeking rehabilitation’
A. Yen
4 Upon what ‘erm is eltisenship restored to dlechiarged pete
A
itizenship is restored to discharged prisoners by ett
‘cates from the Governor, which fs issued upon wardes
certif
cate certifying to good conduct during entire term of imprison:
‘ment.
10, 18 suspension of sentence allowed in your courts in the ease
of fixst’ offenders? Under what surveillance are such cases
laced, and are there probationary sentences for young eriminals
and first offenders with officers t
veillance?
A. No.
sure the provisions of sur-
Respectfully,
SAMUEL @. SMITH.
TENNESSEE,
Nasuvitim, Tox.
Dear Sir—By request of Dr. Jas. A. Orman I reply to yours of
20th instant {o.him. I will answer your questions as they are
aumbered.
9s Awwuat Recone oF 718
1. St has not, and no attempt as been made.
irhe prisoners are leased to manufacturers
2. The pris jeased
easly: hal? of them ave worked on the
‘who work them
inside the prison walls.
farm and in the coal mines on the State's account. In no case
ia the control of the men given to thoke who employ them. ‘The
State guards and feeds them, The old lease system has been
done away with.
3, There are no trade schools.
4, No.
5, Yes
6. 1k fs generally approved. No legtslation has been proposed,
as far as 1 koow.
7. dust about self-supporting.
& It does not,
9, By special act of the
fa pardon from the Governor res
10, Tt is not
1 trust that these answers will peove satisacioty.
‘Yours sincerely,
P, L. COBB.
State Tegistature it is claimed that
stores citizenship
KENTUCKY.
mmavriany, Franson, Kx,
Kuxrvoxy Pet
sour several questions,
‘Dear Sir:—T am pleased ¢@ answer ¥
which T now do, calling them by aember
1L We have no indeterminate sentence Jaw, bill looking to
that end wos introdcced at the last term of our General Asse)
and passed the Bevate, bat the Legislature ad-
(ast January
journed before it passed the House.
‘There is a parole Taw in
Paisox Association ov New You. 99
‘Kentucky, but Governor Brown (the present Governor's prede-
<cossor), claimed it was unconstitutional and refused to operate
it, and Governor Bradley (present Governor) holds to the same
‘opinion.
2. The Constitution protubits the biting of convicts to work
outside the prison walls, exeept public works of the State. We
hhave about four hundred men leased to manufacturers inside the
walls, and about six hundred and fifty working on State's ac-
count, the output of which factory is all sold to a contractors
the goods being made upon his order.
8. None.
4. All boys under the age of eighteen, are kept separated in
‘the shops, cell, house and dining.rooms, as much as possible in
‘one enclosure. We now have three grades of clothing; plain
gray cloth for first grade; check for second or middle grade, and
stripes for the third grade.
5. Yes,
6. As capital punishment Is provided by law, and there has
been no attempt made to suppress it, I assume that pubic feel
ing favors the law
7, We have avernged nearly 1,400 prisoners for the past year.
I have just gotten a report on the financial condition of the
prison, from the clerk, covering the last six months to July 1st,
showing a de
fof a little more than a thousand dollars, which:
is nearer seifsustaining thon
1 known before
8. Prisoners going euch recelve a good suit of clothes, Ave
dollars and transportation to the place he was sent from.
9, By executive clemency,
10. No, q
100 + Axsoan Rerowt oF THD
Some years ago a bill was passed by the Legislature appro:
priating a hundred thousand dollars for two schools of reform,
fone for boys and one for gials, Because of some question requit-
ing judicia} determination, the Institutions have not been con
structed but the disputed points baving been adjudicated, they
mar and trade
‘will be bullt without delay, These will have grat at
nd girls under
schools connected with them and will take boys
eighteen years of age.
‘Trusting this will be satisfactory and assuring you that I
ever infor:
shall at all times be pleased to fuenish you with. w
‘mation at my command that you may wish,
Very respectfully,
R.A, HANCOCK,
Warden, Kentucky Penitentiary.
FLORIDA.
1. Has here been in your State an adoption of the indeterm-
snate sontonce principle with the parole system or of any attempt
made in the direction of Its adoption?
1, Nothing dose by Florida in this direction
us of prison Inbor? Ts the eootract system in any
2. The stal
r State?
form in yogue in your
raced to the State Prison are
2, All convicts in Florida 5
under contract, engaged in the mining of phosphate and manv-
facture of naval stores. ;
3, Have you tende schools in your prisons or other schools
3, Have no trade schools yet, now engaged in building two
reformatories for juvenile offenders.
Phisox Assocruttox of Naw Yorn, 101
4. Are the prisoners graded? If so are they graded in regard
to degrees of crime, number of couvietions or simply by age?
4, Prisoners are not graded at all
5. Is corporal punishment in vogue in your State and county
prisons?
5. Tam sorry to say corporal punishment is in vogue in
Florida, and sometimes is abused.
6. What is the popular feeling in your State in regard to
capital punishment? Tas there heen any legislation proposed?
6. The question of the abolishment of the abolishment of eapi-
tal punishment las never heen agitated, and no legislation pro-
posed; de not think our people as a mass are in favor of the
abolishment of capital punishment.
‘7. Aro yont prisoners self-sustaining?
7. Our convicts are hardly self-sustaining; the State receives
$21,000 por annum for the hire of convicts, the contractors take
‘them at the counties where sentenced; all transportation is paid
by contractors,
8. Does the State make any provision for the temporary care
of dischurged.prisoners while they ave seeking rehabilitation?
8. The State gives ench discharged prisoner $5 in money, one
‘uit of clothes, a pair of shoes and hat.
Upon what terms is ettizenship restored to discharged
Prisoners?
9, In answer to ninth query, I gi
copy of Taw.
[Method of application to Board of Pardons, as prescribed in
Revised Statutes of Florida, page 905.)
Section 2908. When any person shall intend to apply for the
remission of auy Ane or forfeiture, or the commutation of any
punishment, or for a pardon, he shall cause to be posted, for the
302 “sowat, Beton? OF THE
period of ten dass, atthe courthouse door, and in fe more other
places inthe county where the offense for which the fine forte
tare, punishment penalty or sentence sought to be romitied, oy
janted or pardoned, shall have been commited, oF 10 We published
Tor auch period ina newspaper in sak counts « notdee tat hewil
make applleation, one coyy of whieh ail, eseent whem pobished
to ap newspaper, be postod 3a the neighborhood or settlement
where the same was committed, Such notice shall state the
ature of the charge oF offense of wish he was convletedy and
‘the time or term of the court when convicted. :
2000. AU applications for such remission, commctation oF
pardon, shall be im wetting and aecompanied with a copy of tbe
tndictment or information pou which the convietion was bad,
and with a statement of the facts testiied to at the (vial, and
pith wuch other papers a4 the applicant may desire, and with &
copy of the notice provided for In dhe preceding section, and
proof by affdavit thet such notice was posted oF published Zor
The period aforessid, stating the period during whleby and at
‘the points at which, t vas posted or published
1800, Te shall be the duty of the clesk ov Justiow of fhe Penoe
te faroish said cops of Indictment or information to any applic
cant for the same, free from charge aud without delay
RRGULATIONS OF THE BOARD.
Xo application for passion or commstation of punishment
‘will be coasidered unless the statentent of the testimony aesomr
‘anying the some sal ne Deen presented the States ator
hey of fudge engaged in the trlsl of he cause, and Wears {be
eveeate of uch attornuy or judge as to the correctness thereet
"a eortisied copy of the verdict of the jury and the sentence of
the court must also accompany each application.
Paigos Assoctaniox or New Yous.
105
Parties applying for
ipplying for pardon are required to comply strictly
ead ai ie ose seneaaa ute ual
and first offenders with office ae
lance? , ore
such suspension are always :
conditioned upon fats : im!
of suspension, ° Re
Commision of Art
om,
offenders’ sentences to co
plan and has been since 1885, _
108 sssvat Ravone OF 128
A. Penoners ave graded both inthe penlentary and reform
tony unter the Eimiva atom according £0 conduct anda eter
ae er the working system.
the mtate grade aad go op ov down under the workg
corn punahmena are not tac 9pon ang Plsoert
a copitat unitments oder lay posed at winter, eft
ost vuanimotely
, is abolition; and 1
think public sentiment approved al
7. he Ohio State penitentiary, with oyer 2,000 prisoners, is
now self-sustaining, ‘The reformatory, of course, 1s not:
8, The State makes no provisions for the temporary care of
Aischarged prisoners except those ov parole. ,
9. Citizenship to discharged prisouers, except thore under
parole, can only be restored by thie pardon of the Governor.
10, Saspension of sentence to a limited extent is allowed to the
court, but we have no regular probation system with supervision
by parole officers. With juvenile offenders sentence ix often
‘suepended with supervision by bourds of county visitors
Very truly yours,
R, BRINKERHOEF.
INDIANA
owe Wave, Isp.
Corresponding Secretary Prison Association of New York:
Tn 1997 [ introduced several measures in oUF
tor feom this
Dear Sit.—First.
Slate Legislature, at which time 1 was a Senal
county, We failed (@ secure the passage of a probation Taw
similar to that of Massachusetts, only changed to suit the prac:
tice of our courts, and some
other local conditions. That Legis:
Paisox Assocriniox or New Yous, 105
Inture adopted the indeterminate sentence law, applicable to all
cases except treason and murder in the frst and second degree.
It changed the government of our two prisons, making the south
a reformatory where all prigoiters charged with exime other than
‘murder in the first and second degree were to be sent, between
the ages of 16 and 30 years, We moulded the system after the
Elmira system, engrafting into it, however, some valuable sug.
gestions made to us by Mr. Brockway, and some of Mr. Jos.
Scott's of the Concord Reformatory, Massachusetts, and Major
‘MeClanghry, then of the Tilinois Reformatory, but now of the
Minois penitentiary, at Joliet. We made the north prison at
Michigan City a State prisom for those over 80 years and all
murderers, and gave the hoard of managers of that institution
‘the power to parole prisoners other thin murderers. ‘The re-
formatory of 01
Siate Is Its chief penal institution, a sort of
clearing house, as It has the power to place Its prisoners any-
where within the State, ‘The State prison authorities are to
receive or return them as the managers of the meformatory may
direct. ‘The reformatory has paroled about 150 men, the prison
about 80; the reformatory managers are sticring, up-to-date mem,
{n full sympathy with the law. 1 wish I could say as much for
the others although I onght to say, so far as the veformatory
is concerned, the law applied to all prisoners while in the prisons
‘the parole law applied only to those convieted since April 1,
1807. The constitutionality of the indeterminate eentence under
‘the parole law has been sustained by our Supreme Court. (See
in case of Miller vs. State, 49 Northeastern, 804.) We feel that
4 decided advance has heen made along these lines and believe
that public opinion, while not very active, will sustain us.
Second. Tho last Legislature abolished the contract
stem by
106 Axsvan Report or 755
a very crnde law after the expiration of the present contracts.
T have written to Seoreiary of Slate asking him to send you a
‘copy of the acts of the last Legislature, where you will find these
laws in full; 1 have also wriiten the warden of the prison, Mr
Harley, to send you a copy of the rules relating to the parole of
prisoners, and 1 will sond you a copy myself of those prepared
by the reformatory; as to the latter I will say that the managers
have under consideration some few yerbal changes in thie rules,
‘and 1 will try to have a copy of the new rules sent you as soon as
Issued.
‘Third. We have schools in both the reformatory and prison.
‘Peade schools are being started in the reformatory,
Fourth, The prisoners are evaded without regard to erime,
‘eonviclion o» age, but according te thelr conduct, as you will
see from the rales.
Fifth. We have no county prisons other than jails; eorporal
punishment has been in vogue in both prisons but as been abso-
Jately abolished in the’ reformatory and practically so in the
prison.
Bixth. ‘There has been such legislation proposed as there is
some feeling in this State as to abolish capital punishment but
the general feeling is hat the preseut law should continue.
Seventh. Our prison and veformatory are practically selt-sus
taining.
Highth, ‘The State gives every diseliarged prisoner about $15,
but makes no effort to get him employment or anything of that
kind. Paroled prisoners are farnished employment through the
State agent who looks ovt after them while out ou parole.
‘Ninth, Prisoners are disfrancliised duving their imprisonment;
ey might be longer, but I never knew of a ease yet where
Puisox Assocramiox of Naw You. wot
citizenship was not restored to him upon his discharge without
any steps being taken to seeure it
‘Tenth, Our courts do suspend sentence at times but there is
really no Jaw authorizing it. I feel there will be @ probation
Jaw passed at the next legislative session. We have been watch-
ing the prison labor Iaw in your State and it seems to me it
may serve as a partial solution at least, to that diffcatt question,
1. E, ELLISON.
TEXAS,
Court of Criminal Appeals, Austin, Texas,
Co-responding Secretars, Prison Association, New York:
Dear Sir—Yours received. I send you an address delivered
by me before the last meeting of the National Prison Association
which covers your interrogatories from 1 to 5 inclusive, In
answer to your sixth question will tate that the list of crimes
for which capital punishment is inflicted has within recent years
een increased, which would indicate that the popular feeling la
im favor of capital punishment for erime. Formerly capital
punishment was only imposed for murder in the frst degrees
‘ow it is imposed for rape and may be for robbery; also where
fire arms are used in its commission,
7. My understanding is our prisons are self-sustaining, it is
said however, that the penitent
iarfes, of which we have two in
the State, are opernted at a loss (but I do not see why this shoutd
be so) and that it requires the remuneration of those hired to
private parties to make the eystem selfsustaining, I will have
sent to you a copy of the lust report of penitentiarles from which
‘you will see the situation,
& No.
108 Axnvat: Report oF THE
9. On application of a convict who has served his time eitizen-
ship is restored. I never knew of a refasal to so restore. ‘There
seems to be no conditions regulating this matter and It occurs to
ime there should be.
40, No suspension of sentence authorized in any case; nor does
the law authorize probationary sentences. ‘The jury fixes the
penalty under our code and the judge follows the verdict in
sentence. Our whole system is in a very crude state
imposin
We hope, however, the next legislature, which meets in January,
may remedy some of the defects and’ trust we may begin an era
of reform.
‘Very respectfully,
JOHN N. HENDERSON.
“Judge Henderson's pamphlet will be found appended to this
report.
MAINE.
Powrnaxp, Me.
Corresponding Secretary of the Prison Assooiation of New York:
‘Dear Sit—tn reply {o the inquiries made in your letter of Tuly
49, 1698, 1 have the the honor to submit che following answers:
1. No legislation has ever been enacted, or attempted in Maine,
rooting to the adoption of thie ideterinizate sentence principle,
with the parole system, Convicts are sentenced for a xed
term, but under the statute are entitled to a deduction for good
behavior while under confinement. ‘Those sentenced for a term
of pears are allowed a deduction of seven days for ench month,
fogether with a small cash stipened for promptly obeying all
prison rales and cheertglly performing work assigned to them.
‘A very large proportion of the prisoners avail themselves of this
Piusox Association oF Naw Your. 109
‘opportunity to ent down their sentence nearly twenty-five per
cont., und thereby to receive sufficient allowance in money to
fenuble them to purchase stationery and postage stamps for eor-
reapondence with friends,
2, The contract system Is not in vogue In the State prison,
‘The prisoners, however, are required to labor. ‘The industries
consist of the manufacture of carriages, sleighs, harness, brooms
and furniture, Bach department bas a skilled workman desig.
nated as overscer, who acts as instructor and enforces discipline.
Of the fourteen county jails in the State there are two, one at
Auburn, in Androscoggin county, and the other in York county,
{in which the labor of the prisoners is let out for the manufacture
of heel stock, in shops which are connected with the jails and
the management of which remains under the care of the jail
officers,
8, There are no trade schools in the prison, but the prisoners
‘ave assigned to the different manufacturing departments accord:
ing to their inclination and capabilities In each department
they are placed under the supervision of a earefal instructor and
are thus furnished with a trade if their term of sentence admits
‘The law provides that only twenty per cent. of the prisoners ean
work in each department. ‘The prisoners are also placed under
the supervision of the chaplain of the prison for the purposes
of their general education. ‘The present chaplain, Kev. C. A.
‘Plommer, has been connected with the prison for soyeral years
‘and is a great worker; he devotes his whole time and energy to
‘the advancement of the inmates, morally and intellectually.
‘There is a large, well lighted, and well ventilated chapel, capable
of seating the prisoners, where religious services are held every
Sunday; adjoining this is the brary and class room, where the
uo Axavan Revour of rue
prisoners are graded to conform to their advancement into
classes. Some are mot able to distinguish one letter from
another; others have acquited a faivly good edueation; a few
as.a role, are eager to avail
swell
are college graduates; the prisoners,
themselves of the privileges alforded. There is a Ja
selected library of books in charge of the chaplain; each prisoner
4s allowod two books aud one magazine during the week. ‘This
brary Is replenished by
ei twenty-five cents) and from a yearly ap-
funds received from visitors’ fees (each
visitor belng char
propriation from the State of Afty dollars. All reading matter
Is selected by the warden or chaplain,
4. The prisoners are not avaded ip regard to the degree of
crime, number of convictions or age, Bach one is assigned to
‘a separate cell, and all go from their cells to the workshops at
Ta, m. where they are put in charge of the overseers, One hour
is allowed for dinner, whlch must be eaten In the cell in which
the prisoner is Yocked, ‘They work also in the afternoon a
Js allowed in a
long es daylight admits, but no artifelad High
of the shops, When they leave thelr work they returu to thoir
respective cells, in which they are coafiued until morning. Bach
1d sind.
"The prisoners are not allowed outside thelr cells except for labor,
cell is provided with a» electric light for reading
chapel service and recitations.
5, Corporal panishment ts not in vogue in our prison. ‘The
only ponishiment allowed is conduement in a dark dungeon on
Gread and water diet, ‘This punishment is seldom required and
twenty-four hours is as long as the average pzisomer cares to
‘endure it
6. Capital punishment was abolished in 1887, The last exe-
cation was in 1885, when Wilkinson was hanged for murder.
Puisos Assoctation op New Yous, ste
‘The sentiment in the State is strongly against capital punish:
ment, and it Is to be hoped that this barbaric law will never
again be placed on our statute hooks,
7. Our prisons are not self-sustaining, the receipts trom labor
fre not saficient fo meet expenses. ‘his is due to the fact that
few enter upon their term of setvice who at
time of enter-
all, thevefore, become apprentices, and ‘most
of them are discharged before, or as soon as thelt Inbor becomea
of much value to the State which is subjected to unuenal ex-
Ing have any trade;
Penses necessary to prison
iscipline, and not known to similar
Industries outside of prison walls,
8 Each prisoner, when discharged, is allowed an entire new
sult of clothes and sufcient money to enable him to pay his fare
Home, ‘The warden, chaplain and inspectors, as far a they can
consistently do, Jook after the welfare of discharged convicts
and assist them in procuring etuployment,
9. Citizenship of prisoners is not affected by their sentence and
confinement
10. There is no statute relating: to suspension of sentence, but
our courts frequently ex:
cise their authority to grant a auspen-
sion of sentence daring good behavior, Such cases are placed on
file and the prisoners are informed that they will be able to
sentence thereon if thelr future deportment is not satisfactory
to the courts and the oficers of the Jaw,
Nothing farther occurs to me which T ean ada for your infor-
‘mation, hut T shall be pleased at any time to answer any further
inguiries which you may have occasion to make.
Yours very truly,
WHITMAN SAWYER,
swat Banont 8 :
vERMONT. ;
y ‘Sr, Jonvenorr, V
‘the State bas not adopted the indeterminate sen-
Dear Si : -
‘or probation ystems, Tam anxious to ase
tence, oF parole, :
1a be the best for a small State like
+ tain if possible what woul
Vermont.
2. The Tabor of the inmates of the State prisons js sold to ®
2 cents each; the prisoners are
firm of shoe mannfacturers for
control of the prison officials, None of the
absolutely under the
objectional things in the
ments, The prisoners in the Hot
contract system attach to our arrange
ruse of Correction are worked
by the State.
‘8, We have instru
4, The prisoners are not graded.
15, Corporal punishment is not practiced
istunent could not be abolished.
st biennial term bas paid all its
ction given but no trade schools.
6. Capital pi
17..Our State prison for the ta :
2,009 more, the number of prisoners has averaged
expenses and $1
about the seme num:
bout 150, ‘The Hoase of Correction with
tes doce not quite sustain tect the terms of many tn eis prison
are very short and of course they are able to do but litte. The
" daily carnings in the House of Correction has been
pay of officers, fuel, power,
about 58 ceuts of 39 cents, deducting
ete,
8. The State makes no provision for discharged prisoners,
titled to, for good bebasior, five days deduc-
‘The money and
charge.
‘Bach prisoner is en!
.ch month and one dollar per month.
tion for ea
int sutt of clothes are given them on ther
a deca
9, T cannot answe
our State
40. As before stated we have not these featurt
s small aud the same Jaws that
and the number of prisoners is
Paisox Assoctanion of New Yore. us
the larger States find valuable might not be needed here. Our
Governor las the right to and does {ssue conditional or other
pardons, Tt scems to me, however, that our State should have
the indeteruminate sentence, If nothing else. If you ean give us
any advice in this matter it will be thankfully received. Our
reports will be printed in a few weeks and I hall be glad to
send them to you.
‘Very truly yours,
LD. HAZEN.
\ JATL LIBRARIES,
By supplying books and magazines for conviets the Prison
Association not only evinces its interest.in that unhappy class,
‘but uses whit it believes to be @ potent instromentality for ita
reformation,
It has been found that isolation from the world in a prison
makes eager seaders of thote who else would never have opened
‘a book, Tt is almost the sote means of bringing back to the com:
viet glimpses of the outside world and of the life in it which he
hhas forgeited for a longer or shorter perlod, Tt is one of the rave
means, which comes to the prisoners of being entertained and of
foregetting for a time his ipoarceration and disgrace, And find-
ing what a relief the perusal of books beings him, the couviet
comes to care more aud more for them, ‘The access which printed
matter thos gains to the mind of the convict creates an oppor
tunity
do him good which can scarcely be exaggerated. Im.
prisoumont itself, in many euses, puts the mind in a gusceptible
state, and books hold the possibility of making new impressions
Which may change the whole current of the conviet’s thinking
‘and feeling and completely reform him. Aware of what benefit
8
au Asnwat Report oF TH
may be accomplished theoagh tis medium, the Prison Associa-
ake advantage of it, Unfortu
tion has long endeavored to
nately, the Association has never had a fond for the purchase of
Pooks and wagnrines, aud has lind to rely entirely upon volun
tary contribations, whieh for yeas it as solicited.
‘The responses have been liberal enough in the matter of
quantity, Dot naturally, they have been miscellaneous, and, om
the whole, not of so high a quality as we could wish, Of
‘course, this does not apply to nll contetbutors, Some take pains
1a, Few great
mis
to send only sch Hooks ax are realty
fortunes ean befall the convict thin to get a hold of certain
claas of literaturebooks which are vicious or silly. When we
javines, the frst thing we do
receive a collection of hooks ond
as suitable from,
Is to sort it eavetully, separating what +e ren
1 ov of dublin] tendeney, Such books
what we consider havin
a8 need we have covered ty contract in a usefol bat
ery cheap way, Use cost to uy being omy about eight cents @
‘sition to all the State
piece. We send them, recording 10 8
in the State, alining to
prisons, penitenttaries aud county Je!
dat eneh, Two great
keep as adequate a aupply as possible on
onjecte are svi to have heen kept in view since the Association
within reaeh of all prisoners the
was created in 1864; to pl
hhest books for giving useful knowledge of the trades and employ
sents, skill and lnbits slhtch will Lelp them to earm a livelihood
‘and do well when they are released trom prison as well as to
dd to their happiness and usefulness while they are detained in
prison, For this purpose « very careful selection has been mate
of the most instructive bookw relating to each wseful branch of
industry, inventions, manufactures, agriculture, gardening,
‘science, practical hygiene, and afairs of commox life, Secondly,
Prisox Association ov Naw Yous, us
to supply in the volumes of biography, history, travels, explora-
tions, adventure, natural history, poetry, Aetion and works of-
‘the imagination, special science and duty, such instruction and
influences as are most needed by prisoners, and which experi-
‘euce bas shown to be the best adapted to fll the mind with noble
aspirations, and uot oaly to inspire substantial hopes and good
Purposes, bat to point out the best ways of real
‘ng them,
Supatry’s Opric,
Bix
oxasrox, Novomber 4, 1808
Deor Sir:—We are in reeeipt of a quantity of books, making a
very valuable addition to our jail Hhrary. Did not acknowledge
receipt of them before ns they Inid in the frelght-houso here for ~
a few days. Freight has been paid and through your good
ofices we are very well supplied with good literature for a time
at least .
Yours very truly,
A. G. WALES,
Sherif, Broome County.
Sia Snvo, N.Y.
‘Dear Sir—I heg to acknowledge receipte of two barrels of
‘good literatore
‘This ia the kind of reading matter that Is most desirable for
Aisteibution among the men here, and they eagerly erave for It.
T thank your for it
‘Very sincerely yours,
JOHN ©. 8. WEILLS,
Chaplain.
ue Aynvab Burour 01
FROM A JAID CHAPLAIN,
Js instant informing
‘Your esteemed favor of the 18
Dear Sir
fn shipped to me was duly re
uinut ses ot ont
me anted Taam tort 0704
. 1 thank you for them beranse really they.
at weg
son tee
sincere thanks even before
Thave seen the books.
really need; we really
are something we ;
‘matter, We are short. 1 wont around last Sunday
vere not enough books to go around.
you for the great gitt, T wish 1 cou
“association of for the prisoners.
Again and again I thank
1a do something for your
‘Very tealy yours,
F.C.B.
Riversmap.
0th inst, at hand. 1 called at freight offlee
Please allow me to thank you in
‘Your letter of the
and found the books all right. =
penalt of those who may rend them, and pass eWay 2
pleasant houts.
With pest wishes T remain,
Yours very respectfolly,
WM, H. RAFFORD,
Kooper Sufoli County Fail.
COUNTY JAILS.
vected as many of the
1 ersmonting Sern a Tn
= - i" ‘The details
ex srould permit.
a ports are given herewith.
es oecte
nee bad and should be
sm is irreelainably
fe ele or :
a fis are bat “ Devil's Kindergartens;
abolished. Our county jal
Paisos Assoctario or Naw Youu. ut
‘as Bishop Potter very aptly expresses It and the sooner they are
abolished the better for society. Am examination of the reports
‘will show that in a few instances an attempt has been made to
bring about some of the reforms advocated by the Prison Associa:
jon and in just so many instances we confldently aseome the
financial burden of the taxpayers hus been considerably dimin.
ished. The average sherift knows nothing about classification of
prisoners or the many principles of prison reform that apply to
county jails and even if he aid, under the present poli
al system
his (orm is too short to permit of bis-making any chang
prevailing system .
He is running a tramps’ hoarding house and making as much
‘To keep the
from breaking out is his greatest eare—beyond that
‘money ax he possibly can while he has the chanee.
prisonen
he has little or no interest Ja the anfortunates and eximinals
which the law consigns to his care.
CHEMUNG COUNTY.
Jail at Elmira inspected by the corresponding secretary, Octo-
‘ber 10th, Sheriff, Johnson Little; Keeper, Peter Hamilton, This
fs a very old jail and it is only through the vigilanee of the
sherlif and keeper that the sanitary conditions are made toler
able. Mr, Little was formerly keeper of the jail and Mr. Hamfl
ton bas been there for four years. ‘The experience of ese men
4m jail keeping bias told greatly in the present condition of the
‘Tue o¢
fare dark, were also clean, and there was no odor whatever. ‘The
Jall, which Is exeetient. ior was clean, the cells which
prisoners seem in excellent condition, and they enforce the rules
of chavior Iaid down by the sheriff through the agency of a
Anwean Rueonr or 7a
“Kangaroo Court” in which the prisoners themselves try men
for violation of the rules and indict penalties, such av depriva:
tlon of tobacco, ete. ‘These “Kangaroo Courts” are not un-
common in county jails, In some of the jails of the State they
have been the ouly means of keeping onder auong the prisovers;
fn these eases the officers of the jail were entively helpless. The
jail of Elmira by utilizing the present ovtside walls and using
iron cells can be brought up to modem standards of construe-
tion and arrangement.
BROOME COUNTY.
Connty jail at Binghamton. In polut of construction, sanitary
arrangements and provision for the elaselfieation and separation,
It is exeellently
comforlably housed and fod supped in Hlenss by the
PNTUe thd inne wld or andthe ty pa $298
et Gate, $e labor
services are conducted by Rev
CAYUGA cou
Jail at Auburn, Geo. 8, Wood, sherifl, General eoudl
Jail good. Number of prisoners, 35. Cost to county per week
jon of
for hoard of prisoners, $8. Religlons services conducted by
Salvation Army. No lahor.
‘oners, 18, of which 2 were boys,
‘Paisos Association of New Yous, ue
CHAUTAUQUA couNry,
Condition of Jait, tar,
8, 28. No tramps or
Number of pilson-
rerants. One man eseaped during year;
was trusted to work outside and ran away.
Cost to county per
(wagrants, $2.50). No relig.
lous Services. Library furnished by Prison Associaton, No
labor.
‘week for board of each prisoner, §%
CHENANGO county.
Jail is cleanly aud in good condition; 30
Average number per week throughout the year, 10,
Cost to county per week for boiard of
$2.50. Library furnished by P,
Tall at Norwich,
prisoners,
No tramps. etch prisoner,
ison Association, Religious er.
vices conducted by the pastors and others
ful, prodent man,
labor.
‘The sheriff is a care.
and all matters'are carefully looked after. No
CLINTON COUNTY.
Jall at Plattsburg. Condition of
Jail could well be improved.
Bighteen prisoners, of which 6 are
less than 18 years of age.
Average number throughout
ished by Prison
needed.
rear 15 to 18 Old dibrury far.
Association Is worked out and a new one
Religious services conducted by Mrs Frances D. Hall
for the past twenty years,
ers respectful
labor.
Sheriff always obliging and prison
But 10 women incarcerated during year. No
CORTLAND county,
Jail at Cortland. General condition, good, Number ot pris
Average number per week, 7,
120 Assvat Rsroar oF T=
three tramps. Cost to county per week for board of prisoners,
go.i6-each, Religious services by Salvation Army, No brary.
No labor.
DUTCHESS COUNTY.
In very good condition, Number of
prisoners, 25; average aumber per week, 48, Cost of board to
» Religious services
Jail at Poughkeepsie.
county, $3.25. One escape by a “trusty!
conducted by Women's Christian Association, No Ubrars. No
Inbor.
FRANKLIN COUNTY.
‘gail at Malone, In good condition. Nomber of prisoners, 17.
‘Average number per week, 10, Cost to county per week, 68.
Religious services conducted by Young Men’stChristian Associa
tion. No library. No labor.
ERIE COUNTY.
Jail at Butfalo, Wail jn good condition, everything neat and
, 87, females, 8. Average
clean, Number of prfeomess, 40; ma
3, Sheri is a salaried offeer, and county
wernment pays fifty
number per week,
applied. United Siates @
pays bills for all
feents per day for board of all feder
g00d condition. Religious services on Suadays: placopal sor
vice, 9.80 a. mz Roman Cathotie service, 2.00 p. mj afethodist
nervice, 3.00 p.m; W. C.T, U. service, Weal
day afternoon. No
labor. i,
Puosow Aasootarrow oF New Yor. 1
PSX COUNTY.
Fait af Blibethtown, Has Deen repeatedly condemned in
Prison Association reports for years. It is in miserable condition
anv a disgrace to the comnts. Number of prisonera 7. Average
number por week doring the year, & The cost to county per week
for board of prisouers ie $3. No escapes wince January Ist. No
libeary. No regular religious services, (No labor
FULTON COUNTY.
all at Johnstown in good condition, Number of prisones
Average number per week dnting year, 14, Cost to county per
‘weok far board of prisoners, 88.50, Religions services conducted
by city pastors, No labor.
GENBSEE COUNTY.
Jail at Batavia, Genoral condition of jail very poor and not At
for a dog to live in. Average number of prisoners per week, 11.
post to
Library needed:
‘Twothirds of all prisoners received axe tramps and
county per week for board of prisoners is §
Religious services conducted by Aline Leggett, of Rushville. No
labor.
HAMILTON C
UNTY.
No prisoners. No labor. No books, ait at Sageville; empty
amost of the time, Sheriff allowed §
cers when he has any.
per week for board of prison-
a2 Avsvan Ruporr oF sum
HERKIMER COUNTY,
Jail at Herkimer erceted in 1508, not yet inspected by Prison
“Association. Cost to county per week for board of prisoness,
$250, Religious services by Wopien's Christian ‘Temperance
Union, No library. No labor.
JEFFERSON COUNTY,
‘Jail at Watertown, Condition good. Number of prisoners, 15.
‘Average number per week throughout the year, 18. Cost to
fers, $2.0. Religions services
eounty per week for board of pris
conducted ou Sundays by Reseue Mission. No llbrary. ‘No Inbor.
i 8 were females and
‘Total sumber of prisoners 1898, 180, of whi
5 boys less than 18 years of age,
TAVINGSTON COUNTY,
gail at Genesco, Condition as seported by sheriff, good. Num-
ber of prisoners January 1st, 7, and avernge number per week
throogbout year, 8, Cost to county per week for beard of prlson-
ers, $4.20, Religious services by village chusches. No brary.
No labor,
ONONDAGA COUNTY.
Penitentiary and jail nt Syracuse, ‘The general condition of the
endent, Me: J. 8 Markell, a8
|, 296, of which 15 were
Institution is reported by the superint
good, Number of prisoners January 1st
rage sumber per week throughout year, 334, Five
Guring the year:
females, Av’
andred and seventy-uine tramps were received
Gost to county por week for board of prisoners, $2.10. Systematic
Puisox Assocuutiox op New Yous. 128
labor is carried on as will be seen by reference to another part of
‘this report. Religions services conducted by Rev. J. B. Foote,
D.D.
ONTARIO COUNTY.
Jail at Canandaigua, An excellent jail an in good eondition..
‘There were 43 prisoners on January Ist, of which 6 were boys.
‘All tramps are taken to Monvoe County Penitentiary, Cost to
county per week for Board of prisoners, $2.
vices im jail and no library. (One will be furnished immediately
No religious ser-
by this Association.) No labor.
ORLEANS couNTY.
Jail at Albion. Old but strong buflding. Sanitary condition
fair. Namber of prisoners, 18. Gost to county per week for board
of prisoners, $2. Religious services by W. C.. U. No Iibrary.
No labor,
ORANGE COUNTY.
‘Jail at Goshen visited September 80: by corresponding secre.
tary. ‘The jail is a bad one in constraction. The cells dark and
bedding dirty
for the care of prisoners, ‘There are 37 for which the sheriif re
no labor in the jail. ‘The sheriff receives $8.25
ceives $188.75 in board. ‘The sustenance provided, placing the
factual cost of food at Afteen cents a day, whleh ia nearly four
conts higher than the average throughout the country, eosts the
sheriff $85.85, leaving bim a balance of $09.90. It is quite likely
from this he may be obliged to pay a Keeper and other expenses
amounting, we will say, to $20 a week, and he still receives as
mt “Aswoan Rerone oF Tap
prof about $80 2. week, or say $4,000 a year from the Goshen jall
alone. ‘This takes iuto no consideration of fees for locking and
unlocking. ‘These fees atone probably pay all the expensee of the
nil, with the exception, perhaps, of keeper's salary. The couuty
furnishes strong argument in favor of making the sbrievalty a
salaried office, ‘This jail hs had a blameworthy eseape during
‘the year and is altogether unsatistactory as a part of the penal
machinery of the county.
OswEGo COUNTY.
‘Jail at Oswego in good condition, Number of prisoners, 51.
“Average namber throughout yent, 49, ‘Two eteapes during year
dy cutting out. Has library furnished hy Prison Association.
Religious services conducted by Rev. Dr. Mead.
PUTNAM COUNTY
Jail at Carmel, General condition of jail, fair. umber of
poisoners January Ist, 38, mostly tramps. Cost to county per
week for board of prisoners, $2.50. Library provided by Prison
“Association, Religious services conducted by minister of the vil
age. No lahor. This is one of tbe old jails that has come in for
1a large share of attention by the Peison Association with very
satisfactory results, {ts proshity Co the metropolis renders it a
sort of stopping place for vagnbonds ou thelr way to New York
city. The jail was at one tine shamefully oveserowded during
‘ihe winter months, but the Prison Assoclation brought about the
‘passage of a law compelling the transfer of tramps to the pentten
‘lary and to a certain extent the evil hae Deca mitigated, Further
18.95
Paisox Assoctamios o New Youx. 125
changes In the law and the adoption of some forms of hand labors,
ke stone breaking, will be necesary before desined results can be
brought about.
RENSSELAER COUNTY,
Jail at Troy. Improved and enlarged a few years ago as the
rosult of public meetings called by Prison Association, Ie far
from being classed as a model jail yet. General condition good.
Number of prisoners, 61, of which 4 wore females. Cost to the
county per week for board of prisoners, $2.75, ‘Two prisoners
escaped by cutting through ceiling and root bat were recaptared,
Library needed and will be supplied from contributions made to
Prison Association, Religions services conducted by city pastors
of different demoninations and gond has resulted from thom,
RICHMOND COUNTY.
Jail at Richmond, Staten Island (now a part of the city of New
York). Condition fair. Sanitary arrangements thoroughly bad.
Jail full of tramps. No labor. ‘The old building should be de
molished and a new building erected in a more convenient location,
Religious services are conducted by the ladies of 8t, Paul's Chureh
and others,
ROCKLAND COUNTY.
Jail at New City, A favorite retort of the tramp element.
General condition, other things being equal, good, Number of
prisoners, 58. Cost to county per woek for board of peisoners, $3.
No labor, Religious services conducted by ladies of Methodist
Church. hree-quarters of the inmates of this jail are tramps, but
128 Aswuat, Revonr oF 7
have beon committed as “vagrants” apparently to prevent the
‘transfer of so many of the Samates of the sherlf?'s boarding house
to the penitentiary, whore the cost of Keeping them would be mach
yess, The patience of the taxpayers In this and ofler rural eon
‘munities where such condition prevail, is astounding. ‘This little
‘matter will come ia for a share of attention by the Prison Aaso-
-eiation hefore Tong.
SARATOGA COUNTY,
‘gait at Saratoga Springs. General condition of building fair
qvamber of prisoness in 1808, 188, Average nomber per week
throughout year, 10. Cost to county per week for board of prison
ers, $401 charged; price reduced to $2.50 after a lnwsait. One
‘eccape ftom stoneyard. Tsbrary needed, Weligious services con
| aueted by W.€.'T. U. Prisoners have been emplayed at breaking
stone, but as It did not pay expenses, that form of labor bas been
Aiscontinved vy the supervisors and the prismers axe pow enn
ployed at making sbiste for their own use, Reported by J. J.
Caldwell, sherit _
RCHOEARIE COUNTY,
{Jail at Schoharie reported as Iu good condition by sheriff, Num
9 verage number during
ver of prisoners on January 1, 1809, 3. Average numb is
“year 1895, 6 oF 7, Cost to county for board of prisoners, $8.50 per
‘week, Noreligious services. No library. No labor.
SENECA. COUNTY.
‘Jail at Waterloo. General condition not good. Number of
prisoners, 30, Average number per week, 6. More than half of
Parson Association oP Now York. war
‘he total number received are tramps. Coat to county per week
for board, $2.04. No library. No labor. Religious services con-
Aucted by local clergymen.
STEUBEN COUNTY.
Jail at Bath. General condition of jall, good, elean, light and
‘well ventilated, Heated by steam. Number of prisoners, 36.
‘Cost to county per week for board of prisoners, $2.78. Labor.
Breaking stone for use on the conmty roads. Religious services
‘conducted by Christian Endeavor Society of Presbyterian Church
vo weeks,
81, LAWRENCE COUNTY.
Jail at Canton, New building jast completed and not yet in;
apocted hy Prison Association. Number of prisoners, 48, Aver-
‘age number, 80, Cost to county per week for board, $3. Four
‘escapes by men who “ran aivay when oul.” Library needed.
Religious serviees hy local eburehes, During building of new jail
‘the prisoners, under the direction of the sheris, did 1,735 days!
work
SCHENECTADY COUNTY.
‘Jail at Scheuectady. New fall in covrse of erection. ‘The old
‘one waa erected In 1887. This Association condemned it before it
‘was fished and las been eonderaning ft ever sinoe in every one of
ffs annual reports, The taxpayers of Schenectady bave paid
Aearky for their experience, Number of prisoners, 28. Average
number per week, 20. Cost to county for board, $8.50 per week.
‘One encape by a man serving ten days, who broke away lath and
plaster and got out of a window. No labor. No
138 Axnuat, Reporr ov mm
RUFFOLK COUNTY JATL,
Inspected by corresponding secretary September 5, 1808, ‘The
accounts of this work as given fully in the newspapers will bé
found below
Brooklyn “ Eagle," September 6, 1898
ithe corsesponding secretary of the Prison Association inspected
the Suffolk county Jail, at Risorhead, yesterday and expressed
bimeetf as not entively pleased with the state of affairs existing im
this institation. Upon his visit about a year ago he practically
condemned the jail and informed the board of supervisors that the
it must be remodelet or the State would take the matter in
charge, annke the necessary aiteracious and improvements and
Charge it up to the connts. ‘Thy Lael spent several thousand
vitt and a new hospital
Gollars, The fail was almost wholly
pottding’ was eveeted apart trom the jail proper. Me. Round ad
ited that the existing conditions weremach better, but he in
‘mated that there was still room for jprovement, as his orders
n objection was that a
bad not been atcietly eneried out. Tis ma
tua not been provided. Ta
sepavate apurtineut for boy erimaiy
the origina] plana a part for the ings exelusive from older enim
als was provided sive expeuse this was done
t= for women and
away with, Le
c au that a separate place
should be provided for neyo prisuner
‘A, Round’s ofirint report will he tooked for with much inter
est,
‘To the Honorable the Board of Suporcisors of Suffolk County, N. ¥-2
‘Gentlemen—Su accordance with the duty placed upon ame ax an
executive officer of the Prison Assoclation of New York T have
recently inspected the Suffolk county Jail at Riverbend and made
Pnisox Asso
a9
ion of the conditions existing therein. I beg Teave to
lay before you the result of such exazination and call your atiea-
ton to the existence of abuses that need correction and violations
of the Slate law that demand immediate attention.
T have examined the Keeper of the j
i and several prisoners
‘under oath, and shall be glad to submit to you the evidence taken
by me, # you desire it, 1 will give you here in abstract the results|
of the examination #0 made,
Issencr0s,
‘On inspection of the jail T ind that there are 35 cells which, at
the most, should contain but 70 prisoners, and whieh ander the
conditions of sepasation reqired by law could accommodate
rot more Uian 60 prisoners, ‘There were 107 prisoners at the time
fof my inspection, avd had reeeutly been as many as 14. ‘There
were 29 prisoners in extess of the utmost accommodation afforded
by the ja
‘Where was no ventilation whatever, and the sir was noixome
with ehe odor of anclean human bodiee and uncleantivess. The
wwater-closets open aiveetly Into the coreidors and ean not be used
‘without the utmost offense to the sense of smell. The bedding
‘was sufficient and, cousidering the erowded condition, remarkably
free from vermin.
‘The walls of the Jail were not clean, and pictures cut from the
newspapers that I saw on my last inspection, were still pasted on
the walls showing they had neither been painted nor whitewashed
finee, Drawings and pencil marks were still remaining.
‘The class of prisoners in, the jails are largely made up of vag:
rants and di
inkards, anany of the latter sentenced to considerable
terms for drunkenness, who were known to be vagrants and might
hare been sentenced to the penitentiary onder the “ Tramp Taw.” ,
Awwaan Report oF ri
“Phe tegular “rounders” wore represented by men, who ave been
‘the fall several times, in'some instances eight or ten, and upon
‘whose lives their repeated terms of imprisonment bad made ao
improvement. ‘There were eight prisoners awaiting the action of
the graud jury which next meets In the coming March. ome of
these sent to Jail a8 long past as August, and to be an expense to
the county pending the long period of waiting for trial. There
were two court prisoner; in Captain Rafford’s testimony he es
timates that sixty prisoners ane in the jail for the second term at
wast and a further examination of prisoners and books indicated
this to be an exceedingly moderate estimate, Under the condi
tions of law obe-half of the cases in the jail could have been die
posed of elsewhere, under the javisdtction of the committing mag-
intrates as recommended in the presentment of the grand Susy, of
in conformity with the general “ Tramp Lay” of the State, ‘The
Justices are elther wilfully or Ignorantly culpable Im having per
mitted this overcrowding of the Jail and an Imposition of expense
on the ebunty wholly unjustisabte,
anon,
In the county jail there is at present no labor whatever, ‘The
sheds and utensils for stone breaking are already there and a com:
siderable quantity of stone ready to be broken. An over of your
honorable boaed is still spread on your minutes, vequiving each
able-bodied prisoner to be worked daily, au order that aeema at
prevent to be whotly daregardeds There stems to be no ate
matic labor In the Jail even to the exteut of daily cleaning of the
‘coils and corridors. oo
‘The provision of the Iaw in providing a“ snfficient quantity of
second quality ” food seems to he falfilied, As on expert in dietar
Pnisox Associanioy of New Yous. rat
fen I suould estimate the cost of sustenance (fo0d, material and the
‘cooking of the same) to be twelve cents por day for each prisoner;
possibly the fraction of cent higher than this, ‘This is a more
‘estimate, bated on the general average as figures are ziven in some
400 sina institutions, 1¢ it should be questioned ¥ am willing
to mako an examination of the purchasing accounts of the sherif
fand gure the cost to a nicety. ‘The average in similar institu.
Hous is eleven cents and a small fraction. ‘Thirteen ents wonld
amply cover the expense in Suffolk county. 1 feel quite sure with
200 prisoners the expense for food would he $12 per day or $91 a
week, while thelr boant would amount to $250 a week, leaving a
egal prot of $159 a week to the sheriff, Many of the incidental
expenses being covered by the turnkey’s fees, this sum could not
be greatly encroached upon; certainly not to lasger margin then
#29 a week, leaving a sure profit of $125 a week to the pay of the
sherift, It may be that this considerable sum is contemplated in a
Destowal of the ofce; if £0, no one has a right to criticise it, but
if not, i€ gives point to the ctticiom that your Jall “is a boarding
house Kept in the interest of the sheriff at the expense of the
cconnty
Floreiman,
T nd the new hospital adequate Im size but unGatshed, an-
fnenished, and not in condition to be utfized. It shoul be pro-
vided with an iron barved door, a pertition screen of inom Inttice,
Shutting off the stoves, and furnished at once with fron eots and
mattresses, Tf might be then utilized for a tekaporary relief to
the overcrowded jail
Rrcoxouaxnansos
Uader the charter of the Prison Association I am obliged to
sake such recommendations as T believe will lead to: improve:
‘ments in ficiency and diteipline.
Axsvat Reron= op 1
My recommendations are as follows:
1, Maat your honorable hoard address a cizeular fetter to the
committing magistrates of the county, embodying the recommen
dations of the geand juts, stating that your jail s overcrowded
fand-further that every commitment to the jail will be earetally
scrutinized to examine as to whether the prisoner might not bave
been otherwise disposed of, either to the alishiouse or the peniten
tiary, You may eount upon the Prison Association to sustain you
jn such scrutiny and to take such action as will be likely to secure
attention to yonr request
I would fariiier recommend the pasenge of a spectal act by the
Legisiature similar to thot passed for Putnam county (Art, 387,
“Laws of the State of New York, 1895, Vol. II, Part J, entitled “An
fact concerning tramps and vagrants in the county of Putoam ">
with the further provision that babitnal drunkards be brought
within the act and that speoial terms for transportation to the
penitentiney be arcanged,
2, That yon insist upon smmediate compliance with sour ord
nance as to lahor in the jails, This ordinance we shall ask the
county jodge to maise still nore impressive by special order as by
law (Chapter 111, Revised Statutes, Patt 1, Titie 1 Avticle , Bee
tion 4, Pas in Laws Relating to Couuty Pvlsons, Bee Fitty-6rat
‘Annual Report of te PHson Association, page 100).
8. That you iustiuet the sherifl to employ the prisoners for a
foll, daily and systematic cleaning of each and every part of the
sail. 1
4, That since you are responsible for the feeding of the ward
of the counts, and bave 4 right to know every detalt as to fo0d,
that you require the sheriff to submit a monthly statement of all
purchases of food, with prices indleated, and vouchers accompany
J808
Paisos Ascoctstios oF New Yous. 133
ing the samé. ‘The same to be placed on file for reference and for
your vindication, shonld yon be accused of under or over feeding
the prisoners
45. To suitably finish and furnish the jail hospital to be used
temporacily as a relief to the overcrowding, until the Jail popula.
ton can be redueéd by other means.
6, That you supply a suitable but fnexpeusive laundey for the
‘washing of the prisoners’ clothing and bedding.
. That you requive the sherlit to furnish sueh help as is neces:
cary to keep every part of the jail in an orderly and decent manner
and in compliance with law.
& That you stop the sale or furnishing of tobacco to all prison-
‘ers, except such as are detained (separately and-apart) on civil pro-
cess or qwaiting trial. This would materially reduce sour jaf
popalation and greatly couduce to the cleanliness of the place and
ite usefulness as a corrective Institution
‘Tule communication T hex you will iu no wise consider a re-
fection upon Captain Raffords lx years of faithful service. 1
‘know of few jail oficers who could and would have done ax well
under similar conditions, and you owe it (ols Mdelity that your
jail is nota gveater repsonch to your honorable and noble voanty,
‘With fitty prisoners ie ehould have at least one permanent as-
fistant and with the present number shiould luave three.
Tn conclusion Tet me say that the Prison Association of New
‘York will he very glad to sustain you io any and all efforts for an
Improvement of the jail of yout, county
am, gentlemen, your obedient servan
W.M. F, ROUND,
Cor. See. Prison Association of W. ¥.
Axsuat, Resor ov 12
[Brooklyn “Times,” September 17, 1898]
With the very landable idea of Tightening the burden of tax-
payers appermost in thelr winds, the supeevigme of Suffolk
county met in their room at Riverhead Monday, and continued
‘hele session until sesterday afternoon, when they adjourned,
‘An important resolution was offeved by Supervisor Miller calling
for a vednetion In the price of the prisoner's board in Riverhead
Jail from $8 per week per capita to $2.50, tbe reduction to take
effect on and after Januaer Ist, Considerable disenssion fol
lowed the olfering of this resolution, ducing whieh Supervisor
Perkins offered (o amend (0 $2.75. His amendinent was lost, a8
was also a motion to table the origiual resotution. ‘The claim
was made thnt action showtd he taixen at ouce, so that when the
nominations for the offlee of sharif’ ate probably next
week, the nominee would accept wlih his eyes open as to his
possible income, It was aleo reported that committee from
the board had visited Me Kings County Penitentiary and found
that that institution wonld veceive all prlsoners trom Sumotk
county whose terms of sentence exeeciled sixty days and thele
keep woold cos on an average of $1.75 per enplia per week, aud
that those prisoners sent to that penitentiary would be com-
ppelled to work, something they ala not da in the Riverhead jail.
[Brooklyn Times,” Febeaary 8, 1899.)
‘The Suffolk county supervisors ave hinpressed with the idea
‘that something sliould be done to smptove the sinitary condition
of the county jail at Riverhend, They have known that it was
not 4 firstelass, up-to-date jail for a long time, but they never
realized how bad it was until the Prison Association of New
‘York, Interested itself in the matter aud an inspection of the fait
‘was made by its representative, W. BL P. Round.
Prison Assoorasion oF Naw You. 135
After some correspondence between Chairman James TH Pier
son and Mr. Round it was arranged that Mr, Round should
appear before the board at its meeting on Thursday aad make a
statement of the condition of the Jail and recommendations as to
{he better way for improving the building,
Agreeable to this arrangement, Mr. Round came before the
‘board on Thursday afternoon,
He said that he represented the Prison Association of New
‘York and briefly reviewed the Work which the Association tas
accomplished, stated the object of its existeuce and defined ita
powers, duties and privileges. He aid that the Association
‘took upon itself the task of inspecting all the jails, prisons and
pealientinries in tbe State, and made an annual report to the
Legislature
‘The Suffolk: county jail, Me. Round suid, was-the very worst
Jail in the State from @ sanitary point of view. By this he did
not inland to cast reflection upon the jallor, for om every occa
slon of his visits to the jall he haa been tmpressed with the nest:
ness of the place. He went a0 far as to say that he sincerely
oped that the present jailor might be continued in charge, te
gardless of any political changes, ‘The architecture of the build
{ng was at fault and he was surprised that there was no improve:
‘ment long before this time
Mr. Roun said that be had been about the country consider
able and had spoken of the wretched condition of the jail to
tay prominent people. He found that the sentiment was
Strongly in favor of remodeling the institution and assured the
‘supervisors that they need have no fear of eritiefsm by their
constituents If they should consent to mole the necessary im:
Provemente,
136 Aysuan Revo? of THE
‘Mr, Round stated that thére was a great waste of room in the
jail, on account of the thick stone walls forming the eels. Be
ides thore was no cance for Tight and ventilation aud the ects
were too sinall, Te sald the law requied that every pris mer ia
vie feet of apace In is
He
fa jail should have a certain nmuber of
cell, In this respect the jail did not comply with the Tw
bad deen cight men crowded into a dark, dainp ecll, whieh was
rot more than fifteen fect long, eight feet wide at one end and
three fect wide at the other, ‘There were times when the jail
ras crowded and ns many as fourteen prisoners were obliged to
leep in such a cell, he said.
‘There were no santlary regulations, no provistons for drainage
‘and no facilities for eating for the sick. He stated that on one
of bis visits to the jail be had found an unfortunate fellow
offering from inflammatory sheumatisns. ‘This poor fellow lay
‘on a rude cot in the Jail corridor whore be suffered intense Agony
‘which with proper surroundings might have been greatly re
Herod.
He said that there was au.
cea the whole village. ‘There was no
otbeenk: of diphtheria in the jall
not Jong ago, whick
place to properly isolate and care for the
ered and that of every one in
patients and the health,
of all the prisoners was endang
the vicinity as well
Mr, Ronnd told the board that bad he inown of the existence
of the discase in the jail at the me he would have come to
Hiverhend and caused the removal of the healthy prisoners to
some other jail in which event the county would bave been put
to considerable expense. ;
[After describing the fanity construction of the jail in detail,
Mr. Roona made some recommendations for its improvement at
Prisox Association of New Yous. at
the request of several of the supervisors who plfed him with
questions
He said the best thing that could be done would be to bulld
fan entize new jail and locate it somewhere away from the vil
lage center; but as this was likely to be considered too great an
expense he Ghought the whole interior of the jail should be tora
font and celle constructed of boiler and strap iron should be
substituted. He ndvised that the walls of the jail be raised high
enough to permit of the arranging of three tiers of cells, one
above the other. The sides of these cells should be of boller
luop, and the doors of strap iron grating which wold permit of
a clrevlation of air and admit sufficient light. ‘The cost of the
Improvement would not he Jange while the benet would he
‘almost incateulable,
Aux, Rod said that there were 48 prisoners in the jail that
day in complete idleness and that they could be made to do the
‘work of tearing away the old walls which would be of great say-
ing to. the county. ‘The stone from the old walls would be all
‘that was necessary to build a hospital building im a remote
comer of the county property where it conld also be used as a
pest house if necessary.
‘Mr. Round said that he visited 68 county jails every yoar and
‘had a great experience In jail matters. He was willing to give
‘the aupervisore the benefit of it in the way of suggestions and
advice. At present the jail was inadequate to the needs of the
county and a disgrace fo the State, He said he would Uke to,
hhave @ model of it for presentation as a typical old-time dungeon.
[Sew York * rerala."]
Patchogue, L. 1—A justices’ institute with County Judge B.
FH, Reere as conductor, was held at the courthouse at River
138 Aswuan Rerons 0!
me Although the session lasted but little
al of exeltement and
‘more than an hous, there was a geod dei
0 that short space of time,
business crammed Sato that st
ad togetbor for the parpose of discussing
The justices were called together for the P
county judge apd the district attorney
swith the aupervisors and county jute
pion as overcrowded, which condition, the county,
‘gore showell that
the eounty jall
fathers soon discovered, wns due to &
of tramps 6o jail by
miseuous commiteing,
»
1 of the peace
ertain justlee
me sending of tramps to the county jait has been @ Klonéie
constables. Since the
to sheriffs, the justices of the peter
ive veduced
tramp question due’ supervisors have red
agitation of the
the sherif’s allowance for boarding the prisoners in (he jal} TE
dot
haw also had a salutary effect upon the justices, whe, ine
deen sending them t
sending the tramps to the counts jail have been sending
the Kings County Penitentiary .
he jail now shows Tess thon 78 prisoners whe
" ‘he vagrants and
due nnmber was 125.
as a few weeks ago the m
the jail have been set to work breaking stone, the
‘tramps now at the Jail bave D
ect
a ed neon to the setbots preil BY
a ‘and Parker of Islip, wbo have
we recent disclosures ax to the
Supervisors Powell of Babylon
yeen instr
ster some consideration, and kave be
given this matt e
constables more
tad ¢ the various towns, by virtue of
‘thon half. ‘The supervisors
Pursox Assoctamios oF New Yous. 139
their office, are chairmen of the town boards. The law gives
‘the town boards the power to rogulite the fees of the constables.
[At a meeting of the town boards mentioned, a few day
ago, the
supervisors managed to pass a resolution reducing the mileage
of the conatables, the tee for keeping a prisoner over night from
$1 to 50 cents, and the price of a meal from 50 to 30 cents.
Supervisor Powell says that the constables in the western
part of the county never arcest a tramp except in the morning
just too late to bring him to the jail the same day. This neces:
sitates his two days keep besides the mileage and other fees. In
‘the matter of bringing a prisoner to the jail here the constables
ccan make clear profit of from 88 to $10 on every man, and some
of them bring three or four ina single week. Some have brought
fx high aw eight in a week, Mr, Powell says that sins the new
ondey of feos went into eflect iu his (own the tramp business i
that part of the county has fallen off to a wonderful extent, it
not being half so romunerative a business In arresting them as
As and many a trimp is allowed to pass on without being
arrested—in fact some ave driven out of the town now, while
before they were enticed into it for the purpose of being arrested
by the constable looking for a fee. Mr. Powell also said that he
wished to reduce the fees of the justices, but as there were four
Justices on the board and only tivo other members it was not
‘thought best to make a movement In this direction.
Supervisor Bailey of Brookhaven says that at the meeting of
the town board in his town next woul he intends to advance the*
same reduction as that now in force in Babylon and Islip and
make a determined ef
wt to lave it adopted. ‘The action of
‘the Babylon and Islip boards was news to the other supervisors
bat ft gained hearty approval at once.
40 Axwuat, Reron® oF Tut
afr. Baijey has informed the members of the board that there is
now a tramp at the almshouse at Yaphank who bes been ar
rested time and time again and conmuitted to that institution
Fle has told his story to the supervisor and says he Tikes the
ets arrested om puepose Dy &
place asa home, and that he ai
certain constable every time he is allowed fo Tenve xo as t0 get
ack 10 the place. When the constable arrests him he sees
time his sentence
that he is sent to ihe almshouse, About
is notified by his friend, the tramp, and
‘The meet
expires the constable
roe to meet at a eertain place
he and the constable
fng is made and the tramp arrested and sent ack for another
term, ‘The constable is known and the trainp and Keeper Baker
of the almshouse axe willing to give testimony if the ofetals
take the matter under consideration and make an investigation
TIOGA. COUNTY.
‘Jail at Owego, Condition fair but secare, Number of prison
dow 9; cost to county per week, $2.10. Tabor, stope breaking 8
Sherist a salaried officer
hours @ day. Library needed. Re-
ligious services conducted by Salvation Army.
ULSTER COUNTY.
As previonsly reported by the Prison Assocls-
Sail at Kingston.
ion this place fe in bad condition,
Nomber of pelsoners, 3
‘Average number per week during seat, 25; cost to county Per
oar escapes ave been
week for board of prisoners,
1 sawing out, due a0 doubt to a combination of inefitent
the construction of the building as
made bs
management and defects in
Paisox Assootation or Naw York. a
‘these eseapos were effected by “sawing out” No library. No
Inbor. Religious services conducted by local preachers and
Salvation Army. .
WARREN COUNTY.
ail at Lake George. New building secently completed in
place of the old one so frequently and emphatically condemned.
‘Namber of prisoners,
0. Average number per week, 12. Cost
to county per week for board, $8. No library, No labor. Re:
ligious aeevices conducted by local clergymen,
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
Jail at Salem, in good condition but in need of new sewer and
water eystem and a general overhauling. Number of prisoners
Average number per week, 30. Cost to county:
Sherif ia a salaried
‘Three prisoners escaped
fect up a ventilator, but two were recasituned.
Sanvary Bat, 5
per week for hoard of prisoners, $167
officer. Latior in jail, stone breaking,
hy climbing 3
Library needed. No religious services at present.
WAYNE COUNTY,
Jail at Clyde, General condition good. Number of prisoners,
8. Average number per week, 7. No labor. Sheriff « salaried
foficer. Religious services
Retigh es by local miniters, “No library.
WYOMING COUNTY,
Jail at Warsaw (built 58 years ago).
ue “Assnat Revo
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
Jail at White Plains, \ year o> to ago this jail was {n such
Tt was prononaced wa
a condition that escapes wert frequen
ft for the purposes for which it was constructed and was con:
Aesoned by grand juries aud ty the Prisow Association after
time it was uevessary to send pelkonees
‘apy inspections.
to the Queens County jail because of the defects in eonsteaction
of the old jail. ‘This condition of alfoita and an exposaee in the
newspapers avoused the board of sapervisovs and the necessary
alterations were made as Will he seen by the following extract
trom the New York “Tribune
“Joseph B. See ani Charles M. Lane of the special committee
‘on remodeting *he county jail onmounce that the committee ie
ready to present a report nt the meeting of the board of sups
thus been
visors temoreow. The report will show that the }
made thoronglly secure fitted up with all the modern and ap-
proved arrongements for the safe kecping of prisoners and large
way years to
enough for the reqairenients of the county for mm:
come,’ The cost of the work bos been withla the appropriations
which is another gratifying faet to the committee. The appro-
O00, nnd for AtLing it ap $5,000,
riation for the building was $60,
and the actual amount expended will be about 855,000 iucluding
‘an excellent heating plont nat eootemplated in the original ext
mates, As the committce was appo'nted by the fast Repuhi'ean
board of supervisors its economy and good inanagement are
considered worthy of the consideration of the voters of the
county at the apneuachiug: spring eleetian’*
Number of prisoners, 2, Whole number in 1808, 147, of which
ps. Cost to county per week for board of prisoners,
Library needed. No religious services. No labor.
2 were
$3.50.
Prison Assoctatios oF New Yon, 1s
YATES COUNTY.
Jail at Penn Yan. Generat condition taie for auch & miserable
Place as it i, Tas been condemned again ard aguin, Number
of prisoners, 5, Average number per week, 5, Coat to county
er week for board of prisoners, $2.5
™ Sheriff a salaried oftoer,
© Tabor. ‘Three escapes by digging out through wall, Not
ery diene to accomplish. No religious services, No ibrary
‘Tramps sent to Monroe County Penitentiary, .
Agent’s Report.
Ten Beaeina Rerouatone,
the Asanciation continues to-repeesent this institution in New
York elty anid vieiniis. ‘The work of this Department involves
were tabur than tat of ny onter. The corespendenve 8 Ke
porto but by tar the more bai te aking o ven
serve Tn at parts of Grenee Sew York and eve Su portions of
Rew Jersey that are not too remote, The work involves tho sav
fog of young men and is properly a part of the worl of each &
society a the Peisou \sxociation ;
of ows patrons are aware, Is an i
‘the Reformatory, as mo:
cof New York for offenders against
stitution created by the Bia
sisteen and
the lave who are males, who aze betsveen the ages of sixl
fed for the frst time of felony.
ahiety years and who are 60
‘The inmates of the Reformatory who have complied with 1 re
. » ticket
ts need on achat is Known as © parole ® (th
quirements are relensed
x condittenal release” are
ofteave?” # pesmit,” # probation” a!
‘gvoonomous terms) if emplosment is provided for them whieh
a of Managers. ‘The man:
meets with the approval of the Tard o re
of a prostened sft
agers can not of course pass npon the snitabtt
le. AMT stich investign
investigation
nation without having,
setions of the board
e made by the Ligon ssoriation
tions axe made by et
evinining to the velease and employment of prisone
im matters
Sew York city and the retnra of
Antions of the Association entirely.
Tue man
‘etinguent yarroled men are
in
rerned by the recommen
Hor 5
‘Mie osnal course it such matters is about as follows
eho has Keen authorized for parole notifies his parents oF friends
Wor
Assuan Rerone oF rie Pxisow Assooranoy or Naw Your, 145
‘that he ia ready
‘to come home and will be permitted to do.so when
‘hey have secured for him a situation at the trade which he has
learned in the Reformatory. ‘His emploger must know where bis
fature employee iv domiciled and must agree to pay him living
wages and give him work which is likely to be permanent, The
offer of employment is then referred to this Assoviation for in
vestigation and cesommendation. If an offer is pronounced ua:
satisfactory another must be submitted until a good one is forth
coming.
‘The paroled man reports at the Association rooms and his
record is entered on the books and he is instructed as to the rules
for reporting. Then he reports manthly im peston and by letter
for not less than sis months; the written reports after receiving
‘he endorsement of the Association ave sent ¢o the superiutendent,
When @ parol
1 inmate bas complied with the reporting conditions
of the Reformatocy an inquiry is made us to Low he has conducted
himself during bis Tiberty and Hf the elreumstances polat to the
truth of his reports and it fg reasonably certain that he has not
returned to criminal practices or 1Ikely to do so, bis absolute or
final release 8 vecommended by th
Association and granted by @
resolution of the Board of Managers.
Te pn
oled Inmates who report monthly a¢ the Association
rooms are counselled and sssisted in many ways, and the agent
Jn charge of this branch of the work I enabled to help them
Giroagh many difieutties and perplesities. Men who have heen
home for years come frequently to say that they are getting along
well and ask if they can not do something to help “ graduates”
tnt are not 80 f
tunage, Instances are on nevord of euch men
Decoming employers of others, for many have become prosperoms
and respected business men. Again others not so fortunate come
10
ue Axwuat, RePOR® oF tan
{for reliet and for aseistance in obtaining employment and all that
Is possible jg done to start them right again. Others on parole,
‘who, through lack of ambition or in consequence of misfortune and
poverty, ask to retucn to the Reformatory must be dealt with very
carefally and with much tact. When a man voluntasily asics to
return io a prison to serve at least a year, he uiust be greaily dis
couragedbor sadly deficient in will power or knowledge of his trade,
‘Those who are simply cast down by reason of eizcumstances are
easily “braced up” vight in the oMlce, Words of hope and on
couragement, clothing, food, warmth, shelter and employment are
all that is requived to start them afvesh gad many have been
started by such methods, ‘The others, who seem fo need more
technical skill ave tested aud if our methods fail are permitted to
return to thelr “Atma Mater for post graduate courses. The
power of the managers to pouish violations of couditions of parole
by having the imate returned to the Reformatory inclosure is not
‘exercited to any great extent and never upon auy Alingy pretext.
AN such matters are thorenghly and carefutly looked into before
Any action is taken and never since this Association has lad any
‘thing to do with the Reformntory, ahout twenty years, has a single
‘man been returned ¢0 the institution who did not viebly deserve
‘such treatment. St must be remembered that the Reformatory is
not a juventle institution, but a State prison for young felons—the
average age of jis inmates is aboot twenty-two sears—dhe period
‘when men are most reckless and desperate. Many who are uot
first offenders or novices in crime are reesived by the Sosticution,
‘This is due to the young criminals bering imposed upon the com
tmitting courts, who have been decetsed by stovles of feat offence
‘and acted without investigation, ‘he presence of such prisoners
1808
Puttox’ Assoccavios of New Yous.
ur
4a detrimental to the best interests of such an
‘seems to be unavoidable -
Jes before sentencing prisoners, a
“he nouiber of prsouers paroled for the” Assocation's super
‘ Bomber arrested by the
Violation of parole conditions was 19,
vision during the year was 256, ‘The
police and returned for
Detentions and Discharged Prisoners.
tuments of the work of the Association
‘hese important depai
nave been conducted in accordance with principles adopted as
necesenty after au expecteuce of more than lf a century. Tt
must be adwitted that to help such « class as this Association
aims to, without doing benefilavies more harm tian good, re
ily. At thmes it fe bt a bat
sqnires mach serious thought snd
te of wite between the offce? of the asocintion a
fs ou re effective fm one im
stance are of ne avail in quother; iudividaal truatment is aloue
y OF assistance. Influences that «
successful, ‘The mau nist be convinoed that it teally pays to
lead an honest life, On» present system of prison and peniten
tary management deters men fsom eouunitting erime just as long
IP taught trades or
1 sulted to the
as they are iu coufement and wo Tongee
parts of tmdes the fusteuetion é given Jn a man!
requirements of the prison andl uot fn the same way euch know!
exeonviet
e life, cousequeutiy
je shop his fellow.
edge would be imported in fee
Tn an on!
is unable to follow the calling
‘workmen would know just where bis Ite technical skill had heen
obtained and would refuse to Inbor with kim. Then again, the
trades unions interpose au inausmoustable farrier, ‘They will not
permit a man to work in a uniou shop because ho does not belong
to the unfon aud will uot permit him to join the usion because he
‘has been in prison, It wonld seew shat the Insane course would
be to Kill him at once, The inated i enuslied ont of Bim in
amber and aot an indisidaat, and out
he fea
prison wher
fen treased with a severity move galling
side of prisou he Is too 0
‘than the treatment received In prison,
perienced in dealing with eriiiuale tat ninety per cent. of aie
If is adwicted by amen ex
‘charged prisoners leave prison Intending to live honestly and to
1808
Arora Ruvoxs ov ran Paisox Assootastox o Naw Yom. 149
‘work for a living if permitted to do a0; but the rebalts of honest
men to whow they apply for a helping hand, speedily drive them
Dack to the lives of eritne and to prison,
‘This Association has in
{ls Atty four years of work accumulated a long Ii
t of employers
of labor who will occasions give work to a diachanged prisoner
and its suceeas in finding work for so many mea in the past year la
Iagely due to the possession of such a list and the judicious aud
discreet wee of it, ‘The ouly way to teat the sincerity of the pro
feesion of a desire on the part of a discharged prisoner to work for
bis
ving; Is (0 give him the work to do and thie the Prison Asso
First, the test of labor
‘ applied fn the building of the Association, then if the man
Proves willing and industrious, efforts ave put forth to obtain for
hii a place likely to be permanent.
sintion docs in the case of every applicant
It inust not be supposed that
the Association has any means of obtaining Inerative etiployment
for all applicants, with
ny spectal effort, because of Its ex:
erlence and facilities, acquived by years of experience. It is ex-
ceedingly diMeuls to avcomplish such resulls for honest men with
the best of references, as will be found by consulting any employ-
ment agency.
Drouanonn Prisoxnes Sravrsties,
150 Awxvai Revorr or tn
‘Typrear Casts.
1 H
‘man ove? 50 years of age, asked assistance in obtaining employ-
‘ment at anything whereby le could earn fond and lodging.
_., by profession a stenographer and typewriter, a
rusted to
HE, bad Doon couvieted of misappropsiating funds i
hm for investment and sent to State prison for six years, He
ras drafted from Sing Sing to Clinton prison, and the humane
physician of thot prison took bim into bis office as lis personal
‘lerk and was convinced of his innocence of the erime ebarged.
‘The officers of te prison Were quick to recognize the unusual
talents of the prisouer and assigned him to a place of great
‘trust and respousibility in connection with the construction of
a erecting
‘the new and substantial bulidings whieh the State
fat Dannemora for the eure of the criminal insane, His work
1d regard of
prominent offfals of the State who retain an interest in bim
‘and will gladly do 2
‘that he bad made scenred a pardon for him, gave him several
was so well done that le earned the érfendship
in their power fo aid him. ‘The friends
weeks temporary work at the Capitol, but this was soon done
(and the pay was bnt 98 per week, for a man accustomed *0
earning $5,000 a year), and he came to New York in search of
place. Fle all but starved before applying at our oflee and is
‘under medical treatment in consequence of doing without foods
but he finally applied and was, of couree, granted all necessary
reliof, For a few weeks he was emplosed as a stenographer in
{his office and did excellent work; but realizing that ie was um
just to retain so good a man at the low wages we coutd afford
to pay, we finally succeeded tn getting him some worl in his
fowa line with an uptowa builder by whom he is now employed
‘and probably will be permanently
‘While he was in prison a “friend” to whom he intrasted bis
bagguge (about a dozen tranks) rifled It of evergthing of value
Pursox Assoctatio of Naw You. asi
I 1, 50 years of age, native of England, was con-
vvieted of grand larceny, second degree, and sent to prison for
one Jear. ‘This was
js second olfense.- After being discharged
from that institution he directly eame to the association, was pro-
‘vided with food and steady employment as watchman at $180
per night. Four days later, om a Saturday morning, he presented
himself at the associa ion, saying: “I've just come from a society
where Twas trying to borrow four lodging tiekets, stating that
I could pay and would be will
to pay for them ‘Thursday
‘morning; they would not loan or give me what I needed; I ean't
sleep in the park as I bare to got my sleep in the daytime; 1
‘am very sorey that T might lose my position on account of being
eanght asleep on duty, but I thought I'd come in and thank you
for what you have done for me.
I, however, did not have to lose hia position or aleep on duty,
‘as he was quickly provided with lodgings and told dat the
association was always willing to help any discharged prisoner
who wanted to lead an bonest life
n the following Thursday J. came to the offlee, insisted on
paying the price of the lodgings and left the following letter:
I wish to express my thanks (o the Prison Assoviation of
New York for what they have done for me. I was turned down
by a so-called ‘ charitable society,’ who would not even loan me
60 cents for fox days untit T could draw salary, after I had given
roof that Thad steady work at $1.80 per night; but the Prison
Association is really n friend to a diseharged prison:
not draw:
fing a line as to creed or eolor, but to every discharged prisoner
ives substantial help.
B— 0, a robust young Ger
an without friends was pa
roled from the reformatory, at my request, last summer to join
a2 Axsuat, Reron op ‘rme
the army. When be reached thls city Jt was found that his
knowledge of Rnglish was so imperfect that ¢ was Irpossible
to get him into the United States serviee, and he was assisted
for a short time until he secaved employment on Long Ssland.
He worked faithfully smd was absolutely seleased by the may
agers of the reformatory on my terommendation. ‘Phen he had
the misfortune (o be taken sick, aad his employer eraelty turned
him away from bis homie, He wandered about the streets in a
freezing and starving condition for same days, and fivally came
to our door atid hegized to bo sent back to prisom where he would
dhave warmth and fo0d. We provided for his necessities, and
have made arcangements whereby he will be enlisted in the
Regular Ary of the Cited States in a few days.
He ig the second aan that has asked to he setumed to the
reformatory within 9 month,
SD, 41 years of age, who had served seven sentences,
amoonting to twenty-four years of time in various prisons, was
Aischarged feom Blackwell's Island penitentiary and came to
the association at the request of a member of the exeeutive e
iittee, who had some conversation with hin at the penitentiary
prior to his release. He said he was tived of a Ute of crime and
would do better if he could only get a ch St loolied tke a
“desperate ease, althongih he talked well; but he was temporasily
‘emploged about the building asa test of his willingness to warls,
‘and, a he complied with all out sequirenients, permanent em:
Ployment was obtained zor him, and he {2 vow domg-well. He
called u number of times to express his geattende,
Witliam —— was a thief since a bos’ nnd served several terms
for varios offenses. While serving his last sentence the mother,
who bad always stood by lui when in need, died, amd the
Prisox Assocranox ov Naw Yous: 163.
‘tather, a siem old man, wrote to the convict son in prison these
few lines:
“God has called your only friend to Himn; remember, you are
‘not wanted in this house; your mothor ie dena.”
To the first week of Deceniber William — was dincharged
trom Kings County penitentiary and went (0 his father's hose
in Brovklys, but was told to go away as he was not wanted
there. He teamped the street and begged some food and got
along the best way he could, but when night came he had no
place to sleep, He was sentenced when'the weather was warm
80 his clothing was of very light weight material; nevertheless,
he walled the stroct all night.
‘The next day he came to the office of the association and
was treated with the sume consideration that a geeat many more
of his kind are, and he is now a man among men.
A copy of the letter he wrote ta the association:
Naw Yous, N. ¥., December 8, 1898,
Please allow me to thank you'for what you have done for me,
When T came out of jail no one would help nie; you are the only
one Who Was a friend to me, May God tess you, sit, you and
the Prison Association, for your kindness. The job you gave
me Tam holding on to, A morey Christmas
Yours truly,
WILLIAM ——.
Another discharged prisoner writes:
“The bread you ordered to be given to me we are thanketal
‘for; also the clothing:
Another writes from Alabaina
“1 thank you for your kindness and courtesy to me while in
‘your are.”
14 Assuae, Reront oF tit
“Another writes from Mount Vernou, N. Yu:
‘Tf jt bad not been for the Prison Association T do not know
what would have become of me.”
was 49 years of age, a native of New York.
G—ce—s—
He was convicted of forgery and sent to Sing Sing for three
years,
“After being discharged, by expiration of
Very soon after, however,
sentence, he obtained
‘6 position in a restantant as waiter
2 patron of the establishment noticed the prison suit of lotlies,
jnformed the propticior of the place and K. found binself out
Ato do ox jos here and there,
of employment. He man
together a few pennies, whicl le used for his meals aud
serapin
Iodging, but lis clothes Uecamo ragzed, which gave bim the
of a tramp, consequently uo one would give him work
appearance
‘and he soon was on a point of atavving; in that condition he came
to the office.
vou food, shelter and elothes, then provided with
jesoeiation furnishing him all the
He was
position in @ lange botel, th
necessary articles, sach as cont, aprons, ete
R—hiad been in this hotel four months, when le was sent,
sphere he is one
in —
south to take charge of a ho
of the most respected eitizens of the city
5 called at the office om Jupe 4th and left the
ae
following lett
‘Bo the Prison Association of New York State:
‘Tue undersigned wishes, through this mediam, to express
uantss for the kind help alforded him by one of your
ig he took
his sincere ¢
When Twas absolutely destitute and starvin
bis efforts, T obtained a good
fed from selfdestruction,
officals
‘me Kindly by the band, and, b
‘paying position, and was actually sav
Paieon Association or Naw Yon 185
and on this account, if for no other, will, hereafter, lead an
honest, upright life, God helping me.
Respectfally,
R—= M—, convicted of muriler In the second degree im
1885 and pardoned by the Governor, came to the ofice to ask.
help towand getting started in business, The people who were
Instromental in getting him pardoned had provided him with a
home, a shop and a few tools, but in onder to follow hie teade
he had lowned daring his thirteen years’ imprisonment, that of
fa blacksinith, he needed quite a number of tools. After an ia-
‘uity I procured $10 worth of the needed tools and loaned them
‘to him. He promises to return the money in few months when
his
1sineas has hecome established.
CLOTHING.
Among the ways in which the Prison Association helps dis-
charged conviets is in providing them with clothing when they
come out of the institut
ms to which they have been committed.
‘This is a very great help, indeed, for a large proportion of the
men who leave the prison are practically destitute of clothing,
the garments which they wore when they went to prison were,
‘in most instances, execedingly dilepidated, and in some cases
have to be destroyed by the prison authorities In self.defense,
wi
kept, they are not, as a rule, ia an iraproved state when
required for use. ‘Their eondition, when pat of, was emphatl-
cally of the kind upon which time tells with a vengeance. When.
donned again ut the end of six moths or a year, or it may be
even longer, the rents are generally found larger and fabrie more
rotten than when they-were put away. Hundreds of discharged
186 Asxval Kepoe of rin
prisoners ate sorrylooking scarecrows when they turn their
faces away from the place of captivity, and the idea of begin
ning life anew in such habiliments or even of finding the meanest
way of silisfying immediate necessities, seems to them, and
doubtless to others, the wildest dream. ‘They bear in their gar.
sally diseeputable appearances the stamp
rmeuts aud iu their a
fof the tramp aud hobo, qud one might chivk them fortunate it
whose eye
they escape arrest by the frst policen
them, In winter weather, espectally, their predtien
fone, for it is seldom that a man eaves 4
institution,
Blackwell's Tslond say, with @ full complement of the articles
‘which are supposed to make up @ complote suit. Light summer
clothes are what many of them leave prison in, and few cat
boast an overvont, even 9n alleged one, for in the hard Tuck which
attends the mode of life most of them have pursued, an overcoat,
if ever possessed, Is one of the fest things to be spaved to the
pawnbroker. It ia plaia, therefore, that to make these men at
‘once presentable and comfortable is a heneflcenee in the highest
degree, Without sch rehahllitation they would stand virtually
no chance of ever obtaining ovenpation. “At close range,” said
2 philosopher, “the senses are despotic,” and from sueh raga
and Oth, as many discharged exhibit, the rest of the world ees
im horror. ‘Vo meet this initial need of Chose whom It seeks to
reclaim, the Prison Association lias, fov soane time, kept a large
“wardsobe” of clothing, It consists of garments voluntarily
contributed by the patrous and friends of the association. Near
Jy all of thew are second-hand, but some ave new. Brersthing
‘that a inam ean wear is earvied “in stock” by the association,
all of whose chief supporters know thnt he organization is in
constant ueed of such articles, and are continually making good
7608
PRisox Association of New’ Your, 18
the losses sustained by distribution. I{ might be thought that
most of the castoft garments the association recetye would be
tolerably thread bare. Such, however, is not the case, Nearly
all reach the office in excelleat condition, not a few of them
very slightly worn. Of course, 2 good deal of the clothing upon
being received requires at least a little mending. ‘This costs
the association nothing. It has a complete tailors’ outfit on the
premises, and whenever an artisan of that trade appears among
is put to work on the
“wardrobe.” In every possible way the labor of the ex-prisonere
the exprisoners asking assistance,
themselves is utilized by the association, If a donor sends word
‘that a bundle of clothing is at the dfaposal of the association, an
ex:prisouer—if there happens to be at that time one in the em-
ploy of the association who Is known, by thorough tosis, to be
‘trustworthy and well-mannered-—is sent for it, ‘The exact sizes
of all the garments are ascertained ‘aud entered on tage affixed
tothe clothes. ‘They are then put away, according to the classi
fication by Kind and size, aud a complete record is kept in a
book, so that at oace just the garment he needs ean be found for
any particulay apphieant.
Let no one suppose that it is au easy task for a man to go to the
office of the Assoetation and get a complete outfit apparently fresh
from the hands of a Fifth avenue tailor, He must be a bona Ade
exprison
16 Association has mouth ‘uy month a complete
Hist of the men discharged from penal institutions, and the agp
cant mnst be on the books. Deception Is practically impossible,
A beneficiary mast not only be approved as an exconviet, but hie
it work for the clothes he gets, ‘The applkaint for aid must
show that he wishes to reform, and the proof which the Associa
ton plac
above every other is dhe eagerness and vigor with
168 Awsost, Revout ov tur Passox Assoctarion or Naw Your.
whieh the candidate accepts andl gues about the work that is
given ‘him, This is at Gest wort about the premises—lugging
coal, sawing wood, painting, talloring, cobbling, or whatever kind
‘of work the man has been used to doing. ‘The object 58 not 0
imuseh to get ont of him a. stipnlated amount of work for ¥o inueh
clothing, bat to 4
‘the man is worthy of being helped —that bis professed willingness
monstvate to the satisfaction of the ollcers that
to become a useful member of society Is not a make-believe, Tt
4is not given but only Tent. very resipient signs a receipt for
whatever be gets, aud theruia it is stated distinctly that the
‘lotbes are “a Iona ” to be retumed at the request of the Associa
tion. ‘The object of this 4 to prevent men from pawning the
tings, It is duly Sinpressed upon them that if they showld do so
e ungrateful and a breach of agecement, but
could be punished. The
t would not only
-wonld he also lareny, for
‘caution works the end contemplated, so tar as the Association ean
earn.
Detentions.
‘The detentions department of the work is to ald the administra.
tion of justice, ta protect the inexperienesd accused from the
‘machinatlons of unserupnions attorneys at law, to enable those
unjustly arvested and aeonsed to find proof of innocen
‘those long detained to obtain speedy trials, to find
such as whose imprisonment prevents thelr doing 4¢ for them.
, 0 assist
nesses for
selves, to investigate eireamstanees tending to exculpate prison:
crs, to prevent persecution of friendless and penniless individeals
by personal enemies fros
motives of mallee or enry, and to put
forth every possible effort to reclaim. first offenders hy securing
coumilment to institutions of a reformatory nature, or after care
fal and scarehing investigation, to have sentence suspended, are
some of its objects
‘The Association hus always had an agent tv represent it in the
‘ely prison and Courts of General Sessions, and in the pursuance
of his datios ho is enabled to do many aot of kinduess for the
criminal and unfortanate who find themselves within “the pale
of the Tavs." A few eases are ol
to give the patrons of the
Association a eomprehensive idea of the work. “Another agent is
needed in this branch of the work, but the resounees will not per
suit of it at present. With the exoperation of the members of
roligious onganizationa dotng snissionary work in the old prison
f great many eases have been taken up und satisfustortly attended
to, but it Is highly desirable that this place of Bie work be en-
Jarged, and ft is hoped that before auother seport is submitted
160 Angra Ravorr oF THR
such a resmit will have been beonght about, This branch of work
4s thoroughly practical and never sentimental; if has the endorte:
rent of the jndges aud the district attorney at all times, and the
agent is enabled to assist the officials, to some extent, in the per
formance of thelr (ties, Occasionally attempts are made by the
prisoners to impose upon it'by making alse statements as to their
vl, because of the rigid
past records, but Mey are never suvve
inguivies that ave made Tn all cases.
‘The prisoner's unsupported and uncorraborated word is never
the basis of a recommendation made to the court by this Asso:
ciation. No ecomnicndation i» made exeept after caret inquiry
amd facts aacerinined are clearly and succinctly paced before the
ts becoming part of the
court fn the form of a report, suet rey
records of the contt; opal repurts are seldom made—never in
ceases of impastance,
‘3 few cases, to show nature of work, are cited:
P
to help him wernve Bis liberty,
Re asked me to see it something coakd not be done
as he had been ia the Tombs for a
rear because of faiture fo give @ bond in $100 to svenre the pay-
ent of $1.50 a week foward the support of a child, of which be
1 to be the fathes, by the Come of
wclnl Sessions.
14 been
ake an interest in such eases, but ae he mau ha
nd was entively with
a year whem hi
Jim prison ap
font money oF friends, 1 eoneluded to help him, and after muck
mn of seeing him set aa liberty, Had he
trouble had the salisfacti
been gent to the work house, he would have been detalned but sx
months.
a 3—
fan old prison, charged with grand lars
a discharged United States soldier, was found ia
seny—plcking a pocket. The
evidence agninst bim was of such a fimey nature that as soon as
Parso Assoctarion oF Naw Youre. 161
‘began to enquire about i¢ it was taken from the district attor
ney’s ofc, and the grand jury failed to nd a bill against bin
‘A similar disposition wag bronght about in the case of a young:
Jew who attempted to cou
sulelde, ‘This case was brought
to my notice by a lads, who evad of i in the Tritune, ‘The young
fellow called to Unank the Assoclation, and declined further help,
ying that friends had provided for hizo
B— N—_, au interesting little colosed bos, was found in the
boys’ prison, where he had been for almost month, wailing trial
for aloaling a horse and wagon. T was attracted by his roguish
face and babyish ways. Hle gave bis age as 17, hnt it waa plain *
4o oversone who saw him that he was not over 18 oF 14, and it is
just possible that he was induced to give hls age as over 16 50
that he would he sent to the Tombs before trial, Instead of to the
eustody of the Children’s Soctety.
Thete is Uitte restraint in the Tombs, and a boy can smoke
vigarettes and play cards there, while the Society for the Preven:
ton of Crucity to Children permite no such things. N——- sald
the took the vig just to have a Itttle ride, and had not gone a
Block and a alt Lefore an ofeer ran after and arrested him, He
was Indicted, tele and convicted,
bet
Counsel who was assigned
eved the hoy Innocent of erfusinal intent, bat took Iittle inter-
cst in the case, made an investigution as to the oy's past.
Mother not to he found, Sister in house of prostitution. Father
4 wospectable, hard-working Jongshoreman, having @ good home,
svilling and ansioas to have his boy and to keup lm out of mis-
ble In futnre,
On my recommendation, Judge Newburger permitted the boy
‘to go on a suspended sentence, and bis father took him away.
In passing sentence, his Honor remarked that the proper ai
un
162 AssvaL Reront op tut
position of the case wosld have been for the policeman tw have
riven the boy @ sound spanking and sent him home, He ex:
pevased the opinion that if the police bad acted the way they do
now, when ‘he was @ boy, locking up boys for trivial offences,
many of our bright publie men who are now holding office would
be jailirds instead of ofceholders
YT asked me to intercede for him with the distrit al-
tomey and get him a trial, as he bad Deen In the ‘Tombs for
onthe and had not been indicted. T—— js well known as an
ex-convict, and was only released from State prison a sbort time,
Hie aald he had been perseevted. and hounded by she police ever
since his discharge, and lind been locked up and released three
times on false charges since that time. I promised (o help him,
and on making inquiries at the district attomey’s office learned
that the evidence against bin and another man was not strong,
enough to warrant the peesentation of the ease to the court, and
fon my recomtiendation hoth men were discharged a few days
later.
My attention wae directed hy a member of the Aasociation to
the case of his colored man-servant who was in the Tombs
‘charged with assuult on an Italian, ‘The gentleman said that
be sent his man to mait a letter at the corner box and that while
the man was doing St, the Halion began pulling his coat and
‘skylarking and gradually the affair grew into a fight in which
the Italian was whipped. Recommendations as to the good
reputation of the man were obtalned, but on making an inquiry
learned that the gentleman had been misinformed, that there
had heen two fights instead of one, and that the case was most
derfouk ‘The grand jory indicted the man for assault im the
first degece, attempting to kill the Ttalian with an iron bar, ‘The
Paisox Assootarion or Naw Youre. 363
part of the story that the gentleman had heard ws
‘true, but
hie had only heard a part. After the first Aight the colored man
went home and got an iron bar and with this he rotumed, ap-
proached the Italian from behind, and beat him over the head
so that he lind to be taken to a hospital where he nearly ated.
‘The case came up for trial eight times before it was finally dis
posed of, and the best that could be done was to get the grade
of crime reduced to assault in the third degree, and the sentence
‘was six months in the penitentiary. Considering that he might
Ihave gone to Stute prison for ten years he waa most fortmate,
He narrowly missed becoming a murderer, and only his good
roputation and the Prison Association recommendations saved
him from a long term in State prison
BD, « fine looking man, begged the agent to help him
Im his dive distress brought about by a combination of circum:
stances that could not be foreseen or avoided, D— was a
dciver and had the misfortune to von over a man who bad
slipped on the fey pavement in front of his team. ‘The man died
of the injuries sustained and D— was arrested and charged
with manslaughter, He had no money as it took all hé conld
carn to support his family, a wife and two children. His oir.
cumstances were explained to the district attorney and in a few
aye the agent had the satisfaction of hearing that he had been
released,
D.E. KIMBALL,
Agent.
Transportation.
“It ia not the evstom of the Prison Association to send any
‘of ite benofciaties to other States or countries for the purpose
of gotting them out of New York. Bvery year It sends quite @
number of persons, but the work Is done with great eave, and
only after we are in possession of gvod evidence that the person
asking help of this particular Kind i justly entitled to residence
im the place to whieh transportation ie desived. ‘Th
appli
cants are sent (0 friends, home or employment in every instance.
Men are never sent to other communittes because they * think”
they can got work. It must he positively in
that the work is snre, and ¢his ascertained by correspondence.
jown to the agent
Im every instance @ clerk is sent with the traveler “to see him
safely off” nnd precautions are taken in other ways to prevent
possible sale or misuse of ralleoad or steamer tickets
"The following list shows namber of persons and places sent to:
Cuba: :
Havana 2
Mariano . 1
—
New Jersey:
‘Trenton .. 2
‘Perth Amboy 1
New Brunswick a
1
1
Aromat, Rvorr oF 7a Prior Assocrarion or Nw You.
Massachusetts
Boston
Southwick .
Hatteta.
Chelsea
California:
San Franeiseo
‘Pennsylvania:
Philadetphin
‘Tioga Valley
Niagara
Princeritle
Melroae
Sherman
Rea Boek .
Delaware:
Georgetown .
Dover,
‘Smyraa .
Ohio:
Athens ,
District of Columbia:
Washington .
New York:
Rochester
Albany
Trey
Verona
New Yous.
166° Aswoar, Reronr of rie Parson Ascoowriox oF
‘Connecticut:
Hartford .
Germany:
Saxony
‘Austria:
‘Vienna
Poland:
‘Warsaw.
The Lease System in Texas,
‘Br Hox, Jom N, Husbenton, Tupax ov zu Couns oF Cenanat AvrEAts,
Ladies and Gentlemen and Members of the National Prison As.
sociation: Some months ago I was honored with a request from
the chairman of the local committee to address the National
Prison Association, which was advertised to hold its annual ses:
sion, at an early date, at our eapital city. T hesitated to accept
the invitation for the reason that I was pressed with official
‘engagements and had not the time to spare for preparation, and
because T felt that T should be at a loss as to what was proper
to be said on an occasion Tike this. Towever, on reflection I con-
elnded to respond to your Kindly request to welcome this Asso.
“ation to our State and to do what I could to make this meeting
both entertaining and instractive. 1 cannot but regard the
coming to our State of the National Prison Association as a most
‘auspicious event-—one that will tend to the betterment of our
prison system and that will aid in the uplifting of fallen human.
ity. 1 hope, therefore, I shall be pardoned for having selected
‘as my theme for this occasion
Patsox Ruvonu x Taxas.
As early as 1818 an act was passed by the Legislature of Texas
establishing a penitentiary. That act provided for a building
intended to accommodate the conviets within the walls, and it
‘was to be furnished with machinery for making ootton and woolen
168 Axxuan Reronr oP THB
goods, At this time it is curious to note that employment for
only fifty convicts was provided for. ‘That, however, was in
the good old days when white men were honest and lawabiding,
and if a negro committed such an indiscretion as stealing bis
master’s shote or burglarizing his smoke house, and was acck
dentally detected in the act, he was forthwith taken in hand
and soundly thrashed, and admonished to do so no more, which
he invariably prouised, and this was generally the end of the
1 a courte, he is rounded up
matter, But now, instend of
with great poiup and ceremony, # trial Is had before the courts
of the county, and, If foand guilty, he is sent to the penitentiary;
of olfenders ovr penal institutions are now
and with this «
preatly crowded.
‘The frst penitentiary established in Tesas was at Huntsville,
im the southeastern portion of the State, and was completed about
the year 1856, In that year an act was passed for its organiza,
tion and government. In providing for the paniskment of per
sons convieted of felony imprisonment for a term of years in the
penitentiary was prescribed, but it was expressly provided that
‘this meant imprisonment at hard labor. ‘Ths early engrafting
‘on our system the Inbor feature; but mark you, it was labor
‘within and nol without the walla, bonrd of directors was pro:
vided for who were given the general management and control
of the institution. ‘They were authorized to provide rales for
ta government aud for the control and punishment of refractory
inmates. ‘They were requized to visit the penitentiary at least
twice exch month and to inquire into the manner in which eon:
viets were treated, and they were Invested with power fo investi
gate and try all mattess connected with the management and
In the treatment of convicts they
jacipline of the penitentiary
Pursow Assooitiox or New Yors. 169
‘were required to adopt @ system of rewards as well as punish-
meats.
As the following articles appear to contain the scope and pur
pose of prison management, I cannot refrain from quoting them
“here:
“Article 158. AMI prisoners confined in the penitentiary are
to be treated with humanity, to be provided with auitable cloth-
ing of substantial material and with proper diet, ete,
“ Asticle 159, ‘The various provisions of this eode are designed
to secure to the convicts moval instruction, to provide for their
health, and extended to them such comforts as are consistent
with their situation, and at the same time to require of them a
ue attention to their various occupations and a atrlet observance
of the mules, discipline and regulations of the prison,
“ Article 186, The punishment to be prescribed by the directors
of the penttentiary sball consist of closer imprisonment, confine-
‘ment in irons, deprivations of privileges enjoyed by other pris:
onem and punishments of the like kind. Whipping shall nat be
resorted to except by special order of the ditectors in the par
tlevlar case, nor ehall shaving the head of the convict be in any
instance allowed.”
For these and other articles of the act it will be seen with what
‘cave our fathers laid down the rules and zegulations for prison
management, and as I shall show, al this early day, they appear
to have understood the subject better then their descendants,
As stated hefore, the act in question only apprehends the confine.
ment and wor
12 of State conviets within the walle of a peni-
tentiary, and such was the continved policy of our State govern-
‘ment until after the war; and'even after that event, so far as any
Aeclared polley of the State by legislation was concerned, there
110 Awwcat, Rerort on mae
was no change until 1876. In {hat year the Legislature author.
‘ned the penitentiaries to be leased and also anthorized convicts
to be hired to outside parties and worked outside the walls. ‘The
Governor was authorized to appoint three commissioners, who,
in conjunction with himself, should constitute a board for the
management of the penitentiaries, and in them was lodged full
authority to make rules for the regulation and gorerament of the
It is truo, there is a provision which has been followed: in snb-
sequent acts which requires that the State shall, by its officers,
retain a cortain control of the convicts hired outside of the walls,
‘yet the right to sa hire them ont is emphatically announced, This
ew departure,
was evidently not intended to become the settled policy of the
however, appears to bave been a makeshift, and
Je ASTT, Criminal Code, declares: “The right to hire
State, for a
out convicts and ta work them outside the penitentiary walls is
exproself given, but no convict shall be hired or put to labor owt
side the walls, when his labor oan be utilized within the walle,
and the Governor and Commissioners may preseribe what elas or
classes of convicts may be hired out, or put to labor outside the
prison walls, and such other regulations pertaining to the same as
‘they may deem proper.” And in 1879, in the re-ennetment of this
ile, it was provided: “(On the Best day of Janvary, 1880, oF
fas soon thereafter as practicable, the Governor and directors
s to be confined at labor inside of the walls
shall require all convi
of one of the penitentiaries.”
‘These, as well as other articles, indicate the idea that it was
expected, as soon as practicable, the State wonld return to its
former policy of keoping all its convicts inside of the penitentiary
walls. And this is farther emphasized by the declarations of the
Partox Astootation or New Yor. am
party in power, for until within rovent year almost every plat:
form contained a claase roquiting the restoration of the former
poligy as s00a a8 practicable. It cannot be guinsaid, however,
that as a fact we have departed from our oidime plan of working
a1 oar convicts within the walls of the penftentinses provided for
that purpose, and! now we hare more than half our prisoners
workiug oatside the walls,
‘According to the annual report of the Superintendent, out of a
total prison popalation of 4,421, aboot 2,780 were on iotaice
work while only 1,641 were in the penitentiary. Of the 2780,
{17 of these wore on rairoads, 3,500 on contract farms and 720 on
share farms. ‘This makes 2,647 convicts hired out by the State to
individuals and corporations, Of the total reported outside of the
walls, 168 are worked by the State oa its penitentiary farm at
Hlarlom, ‘These latter stiould be eliminated, as they are working
fn the State penitentiary, that is, on a farm owned and controlled
hy the State, By the report we have a little more than balf of
the entire number of Siate convicts reported by the-Superin-
tendent, not in the penitentiary, but working outside under con-
tracts to private parties.
‘That brings up to the proposition, What is the proper thing to
be done with onr State convicts; that fs, whether we shall reverse
the policy adopted in recent years of hiring out State prisoners to
private parties, and return to the plan of our fathers, or shall we
continue this poliey? ‘This involves the question, What is the
object and purpose of the detention of convicted felons, and
whether or not this object is best attained by the system of can:
ning them in prisons owned and kept by the State, or by hiring
‘them to outside parties, under a general supervisionsby the State?
All will agree that what is best for the State; that 1s, that
im Annan Recon? of 7B,
Which is most advantageous to the community should be done.
But there are those who contend that what is best for the con
Viet is not beat for the State. ‘These are of the schoo! who believe
in punishment pure and simple; that is, they insist that the law
should be made a terror to evildoers, and the wore erie! and hor
ible the punishment, the more powerful is the detervent. ‘They
utterly ignore any’ process by which the offender may he reformed
and restored to soclety a better ettizen,
Blackstone, who wrote in a cruel age, announced the object of
pimishment to be twofold: First, to deter others from a ike
offense ty making an example of the evildoer; and second, to
reform the olfender. The spirit of his age seems to bave magni
fed the drat, and to have entirely lost sight of the second of said
parposes, for in another place he writes: “It is a melancholy
truth that among the vatioty of actions which men are daily liable
to commit, no less than 160 have boon deelazed hy act of Parlia-
ent to be felonies, without benefit of clergy, ot, In other words,
to be worthy of instant death.
Of course in such a Dracouian code, when almost every offense
was punishable with death, the avenues for the reform of exlinin-
ala were very much
reumseribed. However, in the advance:
we reached a greater hum
moat of Christian civilization, we ha .
ism; and now it maybe safely said.)u al! bighly-culluved and well:
regulated societies he reformation of the offender has come to be
hue primary object to be attained! in prison management; that is,
in a broader sense, the community does not seck to punish the
criminal mevely fo the sake of punishment.
‘This is evidenced hy the fact that as society advances and com-
toned and refined, capital punish
munities become more ent
mente for offenses become fewer, and the infliction of all kinds of
Pussox Asocrarion of New Yonm. i
punishment less gross and orucl. As illustrative of this’idea, in
at least oue of our States, even in cases where capital punishment
ia inflicted, it is now done by electrocation, because it is thought
to be the manne of death which is least painful, And this view
is also im accord with the Divine text, which reads: “ Vengeance
is mine, saith the Lord T will repay.”
In consouauice with the best thought of the age, it is now cou
sideved that the object of punishment for exime is solely to pro
feet society against the arte or malice of the eriminal. ‘To this
feud soviety proposes to detain the erluminal in prison, during
Which time Le eaimot further pursue his evil machinations; and
in the meantime it seeks to reform him, so that when be is dis
charged be will uot be Iuelined to further prosecute criminal de
signs against society. ‘This, however, hy no means ignores the
fact that his incarceration and detention, entailing more or less of
Punishment, will deter others from the commission of exime by
‘the example afforded. Now, if this be the true philosophy of
punishment for evhine, the State should have the right to detain
‘a convicted criminal wntil such reasonable time as he would be
afforded an opportunity to reform; and to induce this, the State
‘would owe a duty to murround him with such aids as would tend
to such reformation. By this we do not mean that the State
‘should make the lot of the prisoner an easy one.
‘While I disagree with these sentimentalists who would seatter
his pathway with roses, ann as much at warwith those who would
pleree bim with thorns at everytumn. ‘The treatment of the con
vleted felon should be humane, but firm; his labor should be ard
‘ous and his treatment and discipline so severe that he wonld for:
‘ever dread the prisonwalls. “His punishment should not onlybe a
Aeterront as to himself, but ft should be such as to deter others
174 Asnvan Reronr ov Ta
At the same time, the effort of the State should he to extend to
Ihim such adventitions aids toward reformation as would tend to
incline him in that direction; auch, that if he choose to embrace
‘the opportunity offered and is not incorrigible, he may be re
stored to society on his discharge « better man than when he
entered the prison walls, one ready and willing to obey the laws,
Now, can this abject he attamed as well by working our pris:
oners outside the walls of the penitentlasies (particularly on
farms) as inside the walls, mainly in indostrial porsnits? At
the outset, J would remark, it is obvious that convicts cannot
be surrounded in the camps with the same comforts and enviton
nents for improvement in minds and monals, as In the peniten
tiary proper. In order to verify this let anyone visit the peniten-
tiary at Hontaville, and then one of ou conviet eamps.
‘In the former, he will observe comfortable houses, with sepa-
rate cells for the inmates, provided with Beating and bathing
apparatus; he will see clean beds, and the conviets clad in decent
clothes; their meals suficient, well provided and properly cooked;
workshops and industvial schools; school teachers, physicians
‘and chaplains; houre for recreation and hours for labor; and,
moreover, the conviet is under the divect surveillance of the head
officers representing the State; men who have more interest in
hig culture and reformation than one who has merely an fnterent
in making so much money ont of his labor. Here he 1s under
fixed rules of discipline and aot subject to the caprice of some
underling; and in addition to all this, he is eurrounded by the
general public, which is always a safeguard against petty tyranny
and oppression.
On the other hand, how is it at the convict camp? Here the
accommodations for the convicts are of the severest kind. ‘The
S98
Prisow Association ow Naw Fors. 15
buildings are constructed more for safety than for comfort, the
‘general character heing a atrong board or plank house, about
50 fect long by 18 or 20 fect wide, with bat one door, the other
openings are three or four small windows, secured with grating
or iron bars. On the
fs sleeping accommodations for the prisoners. At one end of
inside of this are rows of two-story bunks
the building, overlooking all, site the guard, shotgun in hand,
both day and night.
‘This is the living place intended for forty or fifty prisoners,
If your visit fs at night, you will observe the inmates on ditty
and filthy mattressos endeavoring to get some sleep against the
morvow's task. If your comiug fs in the daytime, you will find
the building empty, save, perchance, some ick priséner, who
is unable to go any longer. ‘These latter, if unattended, ure
Tocked within the building, A few trusties may be coming and
going about the premises. If you desire to view the others, go
to the farm, Here the frst thing that greets your eye are the
guards, generally on horseback, armed with shotguns and straps,
‘The conviets are in front, working in squads, so many under each
ssvard, and whether they aré preparing or planting the erop, cul-
Livating or gathering It, there will be a marked regularity in the
work of each squad.
If they are plowing or hoeing or picking cotton, the members
of each squad will he well together, and this, regardless of the
skill, ability oF phy
and for every failure or disobedience to promptly respond to the
jcal condition of the members of the squad,
orders of the guard, it is reasonable to presume that the irre
Dressible strap is ealled into requisition, and bebind all this, as
4 silhouette background, is the pack of hounds, chained for the
Present but ready at a moment’s notice to be turned loose to run
Axsvat Rerort oy rm
down and catch any convict who may have the termerity to
attempt an escape.
About 1,500 aces of fertile bottom land is considered a fair
complement for cultivation by forty to ffty convicts, and in
addition to this they ave generally required, at odd Umes, to
clear other land in the vieinity, from two to tee hundred acres
ayeur, Asa rule, the land is cultivated in firstelass shape and
reminds one of the old time before the war, with « perceptible
improvement in the character of the work,
Do these men labor? If one doubts i, let him merely visit
a convict camp and look over the farm aud ascertain how much
fs cultivated and how many convicts do the work. He need not
remain to see Low they perform their task; he wil] have no dii-
calty, if he be not a novice in such matters, in forming his judg
‘ment from viewing the result
If a visitor should happen at the camp om Sunday, especially
in the press of the senson, T imagine he would find the convicts
all at work. It is true the Jaws say that no worls shall be
required of the couviets on Sunday, but this is construed to
mean that they shall not be compelled to work; and this pro
vision is evaded by @ small subsidy to the bands, which is as-
sumed to secure their volition in the matter.
It is trne the guards who overlook the prisoners are furnished
by the State, ani inspectors appointed hy the State visit these
camps occasionally, once ot twice iz each month; and these in
spectors are expected to see that che prison regelatious are com
1e that they are
plied with, and to overlook the prisoners and
not oppressed, Even it they do their duty as well as they ean,
nature of things, they cannot adequately protect
‘The convicts do not come in daily contact with
from the ver
the prisoners,
Puwsox Astociarioy oF New York. at
them. ‘The sergeant and the guard stand immediately over them,
and the prisoner is soon made to understand that he is to look
to these men, ‘These can perform their duty in a perfunctory
manner and still comply with the law. ‘The sergeant comes in
daily contact with the private employes, the owner of the camp,
‘and, of course, as a rule, it is his desire to please him, and this
cannot be better accomplished than by furnishing such employer
with practical results,
Sowhat matters it,that inspectors caninvestigateall complaints
prefered by conviets, ‘The couviet knows that the inspector
will be present but a short time; that his word would be taken
‘cum grono salis; that at least the word of the sergeant or guard
‘will receive more credence, and that other prisoners will ordi-
narily stand aloot or, if they testify at all, It will be to please
the guard or sergeant. Under such clreumatances a complaint
by a convict, T apprehend, is a rare thing, and successful com-
plaints are still rarer. Of eourse there ane instances where ger-
geants and guards have been dismissed for Improper conduet,
Dut these are few and far between, and generally when improper
acts have become notorious. We have no record of the cases
In which abortive complaints have been made, or where convicts
have horne tyranny and oppression without complaint
In this I would not be understood as criticising the employer
or as disparaging the officers in change: ‘The State sets the em
ployee of conviet labor an example in avarice. ‘The price for
this character of labor, including all the lessees are required to
pay, amounts to about §20 per month per head for each convict.
‘This is the outside gure for agricultural labor. Under such
circumstances, the lesseo understands that it is the object of the
2B
118 Awan Reroxt or 7m
State to make as muck money out of its conviels as it possibly
‘The purpose of the lestce In securing this labor is a financial
fand not an humanitarian venture. He undertakes in the first
‘chnburse him for his out
place, to make the conviet, by his labs
a, in addition to this, to eae as muck as he ean to go
lay, and
into his own pockets, Under such elreumstances, 1 do: not eon.
demn the employer, of Tessce, but #€ is the system to which T
‘object. Ideny the right of the S
siany
te, by Its aystem of pealte
‘management, to tempt the avariee of any man; and Y denounce
that system which authorises a eitizen to coin his fortune out of
the blood and eweat of his fetlow man,
‘The reat hardned wicked,
Who bae nae cheek Dut human law
st ooh mankind are neo’ weale
And lite to be trusted
Te rarely right a
—
I would further remark that the facilities for cleantiness in the
they can possibly be at the
penitentiaries are far geeater tha
camp, and “Cleanliness Is said to be next to Godliness;” and it
cought to he in the praction! management of penltentiavies, as it is
r
reformation. It is conducive to the health of the prisoner, and
{in the best regulated institutions of the kind, the initial point In
‘this ig the basie rock upon whieh yeformation should begin,
L quote from the report of the superintendent on this subject a8
follows: “You will observe that we ave had 217 deaths during
‘the period just ended as compayed with 150 during the previous
period, ‘The year 1895 was a sickly season, especially in bottoms
Pason AssootaTion or Naw Yore. 119
where we kept a large number of men employed; and you will
‘observe from the tables that the percentage of deaths was much
greater in 1895 than in 1896. You will note that a number of
deaths have heen caused by sunstroke. In antlelpation of this,
at the approach of the heated period of this year, I issued a cinen-
Jar to all sergeants and parti
in charge of convicts, cautioning
‘thom of the great danger attendant upon working the men tong
hours in the sun up the outside foree; and I feel confdent that had
not taken ibis proeaution we would have still more deaths to
recon from this cause,
“Ou one of our outside forces on June 19th and 20th of this
year, there weve four deaths from suustroke, and upon investiga
tion I aycertafued that my iustruetions in thls regard had not been
strictly complied with; and for that reason T Immediately
charged the sergeant of that force.” Sunstroke is of a rare oc-
eurrence in our State, and I apprehend very few easce of sunstroke
of laborers working in the Meld have come under the observation
of
ny one. Suustroke may be a convenient name for overwork
under @ hot July or August sun.
Jn the penitentiary the conviet is less able to be overworked,
Labor here is performed systematically; certain hours are pro
vided for labor and certain hours for reereation.
In the camp the hours for recreation must be but scant, and the
‘opportunities for mental and moral Improvement must be atill
tewer,—so few indeed that instead of being edueated to advance
toward refor
sation, the convicts ave brutalized, and if they. were
not previously possessed of criminal minds, if they endure the
treatment and are finally discharged, they come out from the
prison house at war with society, and fally edueated and equipped
criminals, ‘The comforts of the eamp are obviously below those of
Axwuat Ruvour op om
our prison houses. As sald by ihe superintendent of the peniten-
tinry, “It is a matter of impossibility to arrange for as comfort
ble accommodations for the convicts on the outside force as those
on the iuside, owing to the necessarily temporary nature of all the
contside b sleeping quarters, ote.
“his is especially true of the accommodatious aud facilities for
‘earing for the sick and disabled on the ontside foree, and our
mortality Sgures wourd be greatly decreased could this obstacle be
overcome. I feat, however, that a6 long as any conviels are
worked on farms and elsewhere, under contract, Instead of exch
sively for State account, that this condition of affairs will continue
to exist, ‘The State would not be justified, nor could it he ex
pected of it, to erect substantia and commodius buildings on a
farm or at a camp when the force is linble to be moved at any day
by the'termination of the conteact ander which the men aze being
worked”
‘As previously stated, the diseipline of the camp is not under the
cee of the supetintendent, nox in the presence of the general pub:
lie, and is lesa systematic and more subject to abuse and crnelty,
No questionable ease of cruel or unusual punishment is likely to
arize In one of our public prison houses. Doubtless questionable
cases have occurred in the camp, Isolated ns many of them are, In
our dense bottoms, far away from the pnblic gaze, the prisoners
in the hands of the guards, urged on no doubt in many instances
by the enpidity of an employer; who can tell what dark deeds may
have occazred in our prison annals of the past, which have never
seen the light of day.
‘Under our system of government, equality before the law would
seem to be an underlying prineiple, In the trial of eriaminals, all
persons are said to be equal hefore the law, and the safeguards
89%
Pawox Assoourion or New Yous. 181
surrounding crimiual trials are the same for each indlvidual. ‘The
Punishment meted out by the jury is the same; yet, if ft be true,
that the hardships and deprivations endured by the State's prison.
ers confined outside the walls are greater than those within out
penitentiaries, chere is obviously an Inequality in the puuishment
of these men, and the Biate has no right to impose this inequality
{in punishment, Moreover, the lease system is itself at war with
the purposes enunciated by our statutes, which were enacted to
secure uniformity in the management, discipline and general treat
ment of State convicts,
Article 8712 provides that, ‘The various provisions of this title
are designed to secure to the convicts humane treatment, suitable
‘moral instruction; to provide for thelr health, and to extend to
‘them such comforts and privileges us may be eonslstent with their
situation, and at the same time to require of them a due attention
to theie various duties, and a strict observance of the discipline,
rules and regulations of the prion.”
Article 3718. “Phe conviels shall all be treated with humanity,
but a distinction may be made in their treatment, 40 as to extend
to all such as are orderly, industrious and obedient, comforts and
privileges according to their deserts. ‘The rewards to be bestowed
's for good conduct shall consist of a relaxation of strict
prison rules, and extension of social privileges as may not be in
consistent with proper discipline, ete.”
‘Article 3721. “Convicts who are unable to read or write may
recelve instructions under such regulations ax may be prescribed
by the penitentiary board; and the said board may, whenever prac
ticable to do s0, employ competent teacher for that purpose.”
Uniuestionably in the camps, where more than one-half our
‘State convicts are confived, these aud other like statutes can have
12 Axyvat, Rerour of Tae
no force. There is no pretense of either mental or moral training,
and as Tong as sai system Is kept up, there ean be no such thing
as reform for this class of persons. And when we voutemplate
the euvizonments of thie systeam, whieh lias bece foisted upon us,
the anggestion of our bnmane superintendent veads lke idle
Aeclamations. We quote as follows: As the avowed object of
‘our penitentiary system is to reform as Ww
las to punish the
‘Violator of the Ia, it has alwas# been the aim of the manage
ment to, If possible, return the e¢
javiet to soctety a better man,
qualified to enn bis living in a legitimate and honest manner,
stimulated to courage and moral purpose, and with a self-respect
‘and self-reliauice be never kuew before, created by a consciousness
of his equality with luis fellows in the battle for existence.”
Notwithstanding this avowed purpose and this desire on the
part of our prison management to reform convicted felons, they
recognize their impotency to accomplish anything under our pres
ent system, ‘They believe, with the best thought of tue age, that
the great majority of convicts, under proper treatment, with en-
vironments conducive to that end, ean be measurably reformed
and restored to society better citizens than they were when con:
vieted, but they know full well that until a new departure is
made, or rather until Wwe vetura to the old system of conning
our convicts within State prisous that i¢ Js idle to talk about
reformation.
‘There are other convicts, however, that need attention, and T
naturally pass from the Jease State convict to the lease county
convict. ‘These belong to the same family. In other words, they
ave twin beothers—only the latter, if possible, is sank into deeper
degradation Han the former. ‘That is, he is more hopelessly
‘oppressed in the name of law than his elder brother convicted of
graver crimes,
1898
Phuow Association or Naw Yorx. 183
By leased county conviets I do not mean those who execute
convietbondsand are hired to their friends, but jn a number of our
counti
there are convlets who have no frlends, at least of means,
oo It is the declared policy of the county to hire all county con.
viets to one man or firm, who conduets a county farm, and in such
‘eases all the county conviets who are punished by fine, and who
do not pay thelr fines, or a part of whose punishment is imprison
ment in the county jail, are hired out to some one who works
them on his farm. This, in some counties, includes all the pris.
‘oners convicted before the justices of the peace, aud mayors’ and
recorders? 60
's, who have not pald up. The contracts in such
eases are made with the commissioners’ courts and are various;
some requiring the contractor to pay all the fine and costs to
the county and officers, and in some a discount ix allowed in
favor of the lessee. This discount docs not extend to the eon-
‘ict, In several counties that 1 happen to know of the commis:
sioners give the lessee the fines and the officers discount their
costs twenty per cent. ‘The convicts are required to work out
the whole fine and costs as between them and the lessee,
‘The environments and conditions surrounding these camps are,
in a general way, much like the State convict camps, They ate
‘made equally secure but not as commodious, and, as a rule, more
prisoners are packed into smaller buildings than in State eon-
t buildings. In these county convict camps men and boys
convieted of petty offenses in which a fine is the end of the law
are housed like cattle, indeed worse than cattle, and whites
and Dlacks are dumped together; young boys are housed and
worked with hardened eriminals—some of them convicted, doubt.
less, because they had no money with whieh to employ lawyers.
A fine in their case is the extent of the law, and yet for failure or
134 Assvan Reroet oF Tm
inability to pay this they are driven from carly morn till dewy
ere like dogs beneath the master's lash, and all this is in the
‘name of Iaw and in the interest of reformation. Tt is @ mis
homer, Tt is without the pale of law, and instead of reforming
these unfortquate human beings It brutalizes them—tt turns
‘them out educated eximiuals
‘From sich camps as our State and county convict farms are re:
eraited the criminal ranks; from sich schools are turned loose
pon society the assassins, catthroats, rapists and murderers
that infest the State. I said these county convict camps were
lower down in the scale of degmdation than the State convict
camps, In the ong oppression and cruelty are regulated some
what by law. ‘There ave fixed rues by which the prison discipline
js regulated, and these are caforced by men employed by the
State, But here the private leswee stands for the State; he is
the raling spirit. It is true he gives bond, but this is in the most
mp
general terms; and if Hie eouuly judge ever visits the
these are Siate vecasions and bis investigations are generally
of the most perfunctory ekasneter. ‘The supreme law of the
‘county conviet camp, as a general rule, is the unbridied will of
‘the private lessee, and this is bounded only by the limitations of
his avarice and eupidity.
It is estimated thot there ave as many as five hundred convicts
hnired owt to private lessees, and some of these are fined from
one to five dollars; but when we come to examine the cost bill it
ws. The
generally amounts to from twenty to seventy-five dolls
sole motive on the part of the lessee in hiving these petty offend
ers is to make as much oot of their labor as possible, No wonder
that these unfortunates, many of whom are conscions of no moral
turpitude, the sin of their olfending being thet they have no
1898
Puisox Assocration or Naw York. 185
means with which to pay their fines, worked as they are and
treated as they are—no wonder that sometimes driven to des
peration by the injustice and oppression heaped upon them some
poor unfortunate attempts to escape. Possibly the opportunity
presents itself just about when his time is out, He flies, he
cares not where, but generall
his fight is in vain, for be is
hunted and recaptured with dogs. He is then tried for eseape
under Art. 284 of the Penal Code, which authorizes for such
unlawful conduct imprisonment in the county jail not more than
two years. As a rule he is convicted the second time with a
larger punishment than the former, and thns his punishment is
cumulated-—eumulated because he loved liberty and fled from
oppression and eruelty.
‘These are some of the evils of our prison aystem. ‘There ane
‘oihers, but T neither have the time nor the ability to properly:
depict them, but this is enough to. suggest that the lease system
of both State and county vonviets should be at once abolished. 1
am not v
indfal of the fact that the labor of these conviots is
tore remunerative than those kept within the walls proper. I-
eed, it has been sald that it takes the lubor of those outside the
walls to maintain those who are kept iu.
However that may Le, I believe that a syatem oan be adopted
by whieh ail the conviets can he kept in State prisons and made
selfsupporting, and not a burden upon the taxpayers, In the
Superintendent's report for the yaar 1896, he shows that the Har.
Jem farm, owned by
the State, and on which 168 convicts are
worked, under the supervision of the State, ie more remanerative,
although the farm is conducted by what are termed “ second-class
convicts,” than the same number of convlets hired to lessees,
My suggestion would be; that the State at once buy large bodies
186 Axxvan REronr oF THD
btish on them branch penttentiaries.
of agricultural lands, and esta!
‘ut has been bitherto arged by
whia Ia not a new idea wich me,
voth Superintendents of the penitentiavies and by the Executive
of this State, Under such a aystem, the State would be enables
to surround the conviets with more comforts; better inf
conducive to reformation; with less hour for Inber and 100
have not the time nov is this the occasion
recreation and stud,
deal institution af this character. I
to go into the details of an
certainly would not be constructed and waimtained on any false
tines of sentiment toward the prisoner. Tt should be so conducted
having ouce been nearcerated there, should desire
yuld say that the State bad
fat the State
as that no 0)
to go a second thne; Dut no man sio\
‘maltreated or oppressed bim; lie would rather say (lt
had dvalt justly by him and while requlring bis labor, bad sought
his reformation wth a firm yet kindly hand, Instead of it being
the avowed object of the State to maku money out of the conviet's
labor, whieh is not #he purpose of the law, the object sovght to De
attained would Ue the reformation of the erimiual
T admit there are some etituiuals who are incorrigible, but 7
believe they constitute the exception aud not the rule, and,
whether or not, according te Lombroso, these incorrigibles are the
subjects of heredity, is Smmaterial, the great body of those who
ninal clement, I believe, are capable of reforms
constitute the erim
tion, and the State owes it to {hiem—aye,owes It to herself, to seek
for them such reformation, regardless of the cost. However, If
oes without saying that al of these can be made more than self
ine State beyond the pale of temptation
in this regard, 1 believe, there shonld be secured to the eriminal
Tn other words, the State
who should’ be
sustaining; Dat to remove
himself all his surplus earnings.
should keep an account against each convict,
Paisox Assocumiox o» New Your. 387
charged. with the cost of his conviction and the cost of his main-
tenance while in prison, and whon he has pald these changes, the
remainder should in some manner be secured to him. A part
might/go to bis family while he is still incarcerated, a portion
‘might be Gisbarsed to him, under the direction of the Superin-
tendent, and the remainder would constitute a fund reserved to
hhim until his discharge.
As to the present system of hiring out county convicts, it should
be at onve abolished. -y county should have its workhouse
and farm. ‘This should be as near the county seat as practicable;
and the conduct of the farm shomia be regulated by certain rales,
cestablisted by law, and one of these rules should be, that no con
viet should be whipped or corporal punishment indicted on him,
except by the order of the county judge, after a personal invest.
gation of the case, aud for a violation of this rule the party
should be made guilty of an aggravated agsault. It is true that
some, with reasons more or Jess cogent, oppose the infliction of
corpora! punishment upon convicts altogether; but é& occurs to
ime, in view of the character of our prison population, that this
should not he abolished, at least for the present. Solomon is said
to have been a very wise man In his day, and he aald that to
spare the rod would spoil the child.” 1 think he may have safely
gone a step farther, and included some grown-up children.
It Is not neceseary or practicable to enter Into the detatis as to
the character and government of a workhouse and farm for
county convicts, In proper cases, it shonld undoubtedly embrace
Industrial eehools, as well as agriesltoral work, andi should also
Include a taining of the mind and morals of the inmates. Such
fan institution should be self-sustaining, if possible, but this itself
should be subordinate to the broader field of reformation. ‘The
Avsuat, Rerorr of 72
endeavor should be to restore these petty offenders to society,
better citizens. Their treatment should be humane, yet firm, and
their labor so constant as that they would never cousider tlie
workhouse a home of refoge for the idle
{In connection with our prisou system, it may be well to state
that we have a reformatory, that In, a place of confinement of ail
convicts who may be convieted of felonies, and whose punish
ment may be assesseil at five years or Tess, and who are sistecn
years of age, or under, ‘This institution was organized, T believe,
under the act of 1889, and is located at Gatesville ore
healthful or eligible site could ave been selected. ‘The mein
boildings, two in number, are situated on a gentle elevation,
which overlooks a beavtiful valley, where the farm is situated
‘The State hore owns some 600 acres of land, 400 of which is in a
ood state of cultivation, At present there ave abowt 150 in
‘mates, one-half of whom are white, and the other colored. ‘There
ore kept audi worked separate, as fax ax practicable, The indus
trial work amounts to almost nothing. ‘The institution is provided
with school teachers; and i¢ is the endeavor of the management
to train these juvenile convicts in the rudiments of an education
‘The institution is yet in a erude state
However, the embryo of a. veformatory is planted heres and ouly
awaits the fostering eare of the State to be developed into an
institution of great usefulness, 1 believe another refermatory
shiould be at once esinblished at a different point, and the ees
effectually separated; less farm and more indastrial work should
be done. As far as practicable, in general management and dis
, the institution should be conducted on the Elmira plan:
save and oxcept always, that industrial schools of utility should
be maintained, There is nothing in our Constitution, as in New
Paisos Assooimox ov Nuw Youx, 369
York, to hinder this; and as far as possible, this institution and
industrial schools established therein should he made self sustain-
ing. ‘The age of entry into the reformatory should be extended to
at least twenty-one years, and a liberal system of pardons
adopted.
Im my judgment, the indeterminate, sentence, which has been
adopted in many of the States, should be established in ‘Texas
What T meas by this is tha the maximnm and the minimom-term
should be affixed by Inw to each offense. When a defendant is
convicted, the nding of the jury should meroly be guilty. ‘The
sentence should follow in general terms, with power conferred
‘won the penitentiary authorities, at any time after the convict
has served the minimum term, to discharge him. \And in connec
tion with this, the power to parole might be given. Experience
Jas proven this system to work well in other States where it has
been tried, and we might prost by their experience.
T have thus discussed in a general and rather desuitory manner,
What I regard as the eld for reformation in our prison system.
It may be that I shall be criticised tor parading before this Asao.
‘ition these defects; but we shall never attempt a cure until we
shall come to recognize the disease; and as long as we conceal
‘hese matters, there is no hope of a remedy. ome one bas swell
‘sid, “Diseases which have erept into the publie service owe their
continuance to the danger of attacking them;” and so far as 1 am
concerned, I shall not sheink from what T regard as my duty om
‘his oceaston,
T never could admire, either, the desperate pride or courage
of the countryman who, having stolen a fox, kept it concealed
tader bis vestment, although it was gnawing his vitals 1 al
Ways regarding him as both a thief and a fool, and Texas will be
190 Awxuan Recon? of tm *
both knave and fool if aware of the danger that Is persistently,
‘and, under the sanction of law, enting out her vitals, she delays
to find a remedy for these evils, We have postpoued this mat
ter too long already. We may, howerer, excuse ourselves for
the past, for we have liven absorbed in efforts to apply a speedy
remedy to protect the hody politic against Inwless chasaeters
‘There was an immediate demand to yrotect society against the
‘eriminal element, and we fondly bolleved that de poliey was
to slap them in jail und Co unke fhe prison house a place of pun:
ishmest. For a time this worked well, for the rigor and severity
of our prison houses stood confessed of all men, and the unfortu.
|, while he was conned, no longer distorbed soctety.
However, the time came when he hud to be released, and in.
stead of being reformed he was a fullledged and educated crim:
inal. These In turn became an evil example to others and con
taminated the hody politic until, within the Inst twenty years,
the list of our convicted felons serving terms in the penitentiary:
hhas swollen from 1,000 to nearly Gil0. ‘To this is to be added
about 1,000 connty convicts and about 1,500 in jail awaiting trial
‘That is, we have an estimated prison population in our State of
about 7,500,
As stated before, our people have been too busy applying im-
mediate means to protect themselves against the eriminal to
think much of his reformation. And today we stand confronted
with the fact that Texas is far hobind many of her sister States
in penology; but the time las come when we should change our
potiey and seek that move substantial and permanent protection
to society which comes in the way of the veform of eximinals.
“When our people come to understand chis proposition thoroughly
‘there will no longer be any hesitation on the subject, but with
Paisow Assoouniox or New Your, is
fone accord they will rise up and demand the overthrow of oar
present system, which bratalizes our prison population, and
which, when turned loose upon society serves to contaminate
and undermine it, We read with horror of the cootle system
‘and the system formerly In yogue in parts of Europe, where
prisoners were worked as galley slaves, and our yeins tingle with
indignation as we read of the horrors inflicted on the Siberian
exiles, Let us, however, who claim to be a Christian people,
not emulate their example.
I believe that the meeting of this Association here at this time
isa most fortunate event and that it will redonnd to the good
of our people and the glory of Texas, for 1 feel that all that
‘Texans wish to know Is the vice of our present penal system and
how to remedy It, and the meeting of this body will scrve to
show the one and demoustrate the other. Although elforts have
been made in the past in the right direction, and have failed, yet
tthe time I believe is now ripe for such @ plan to succeed, and
no doubt a full discussion of the questions involved will have
the effect to thoroughly aronse our people to the evils of, the
situation and secure feture appropriate legislation,
Speaking for myself, I have endeavored to be conservative and
not sensational, to point to the evils of the system—the tempta-
mn it affords to individual cupidity—with no intention to par-
tieularize or criticise any indivdual; and in addition to pointia
out the evils which occur to ine, 1 have suggested measures which
I believe will secure reformation. If I have sueceeded in arous.
ing any human sympathy for dese uufortunate conviets 1 shall
feel move than repaid, Let ua not, however, go off into senti
‘ment on this question, but what we do let it be done in the name
of humanity and justice, Let it no more be written over the
192. Aswan, Rerorr or sax Paox Assocation of New Yous.
doors of our prisons, as was written over the portals of Dante's
Inferno, “He who enters here leaves hope behind,” but hence:
forth, in our prison laws and their administration, let mercy #0
season justice as (hat the rainbow of hope and promise may
overshadow every prison house throughout the length and
breadth of our imperial State,
Books Added to the Library.
Association Of the Bar, City of New York. Report, 1898,
Barber Beaumont, J.T. Essay on Criminal Jurisprudene:
Barrows, S.J. ‘The Criminal Insane.
Barnes, 0. N. Prison System of Michigan.
Barvows, Isabella C. Résumé
ble Generale,
Boston Children’s Aid Society. ‘Thirty-third Amnwal Aeport' for
1897,
Bonnerton, Geo. Les Prisons de Paris.
des travanx de Ia demniere Assen
Capital Panishment. Opinions of eminent men on.
Cambridye Essays. Characteristics of English Cximinal Law,
tion Society of the City of New York. Fifteenth
Char
ty Organt
‘Annual Report.
Charity Organization, Proceedings of the section on, of the Na-
tional Con, of C. & ©, at the twenty-fourth annual session,
‘Toronto, Can, July 72, 1897,
Charity Organization Society. Annual Reports 1887-1801,
Coonecticut Reformatory. Supplementary report of the board of
directors of the, 1896-1807,
Criminals." Lives of the most remarkable, who have been con:
emaed and executed from 1720 to 17355 2 vols.
Crime. Statistics of New York.
DeWitt, TH, Benton, A correspondence between an amateur
and a professor of political economy.
Bilis, Havelock. ‘The Criminal
England. Report of the Commissioner of Prisons of.
13
Axwoat Resort of tan
Farrer, James Anson. Crime and Punishments.
Fielding, Henry, An ingoiry into the Inte increase of robbers,
Heg, James E, How Wisconsin cares for its insane,
Hebrew Charities, The United of New York, ‘Twenty-fourth An
nual Report
House of Refuge, Baltimore. Fortysseventh Annoal Report for,
1807,
Howard, John, State of the Prisons in England aud Wales,
Hubbard, Heman Fred, Dr, The Opium Habit.
Inala. Retormatory School at Bareilly, annual report for 1998.96
Jewish Prisoners’ Ald Soclety. Annual Report
Letchworth, Wr. P. An Historical Address, New York State
Conventions of the Superintendents of the Poor, by.
Letehsworth, Wm. PD. Dependent Childven and Fully Houses,
Loch, C. 8. Charity Organization
London Police Courts, Huniors and Oddities of,
Massachusetts, Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the Commit.
tee of Prisons, 1807.
Massachusetts, ‘Uweutieth Annual Report of the Reformatory
Prison for Women, 1897,
Massachusetts. Thirtieth Annual Report of the Reformatory,
1897,
Massachusetts. Eleveuth Annual Report of the General Saper-
intendent of Prisons, 1807,
Massachusetts, Annual Report, Board of Truancy and Chari
1897,
Massachusetts. Nincteenth and Twentieth Annual Reports, State
Board of Lunacy and Chavity, 1808,
Massachusetts. Annual Report of Temporary Asylum for Dis
‘charged Female Prisoners.
Paisox Assocrarios op Naw Youx. 195
Massachusetts, ‘Twenty-cighth Annual Report of the Commis
sioner of Prisons, .
Maine. Annual Report of the State Prisons, 1896-1897.
Maryland, Thirteenth Annual Report of St. Mary's Industrial
School for Boys,
MoCook, J. J, ‘The Drink Business: What it is, What it does,
‘What to do with it; a business tallc
New York Juvenile Asylum. Forty-sixth Annual Report of the,
1807.
New York State, Report of Secretary of State on Criminal Sta-
tistics, 1896,
New York State. In Senate, No, 226, an Act in relation to
prisons, constitating chapter 15 of the general laws.
New York State. ound of Charities, Decisions of the Court of”
Appeals, ‘
New York State. Prison Department. Catalogue and pricelist,
of articles manufactured for the State and public Institutions
‘thereof, and, the political divisions of the State‘and the public
institutions thereof,
New York Stite, Board of Charities, Constitutional provisions,
Jaws, rales and by-laya
‘New York State. Prisons, Report of the Superintendent, 1896.
Now York State, Burean of Statisties, report, 1896,
New York Society for the Prevention of Craeity to Children,
‘Twenty-third Annual Report, for 1697.
‘ew Jersey. Twentieth Annual Report of Burean of Statistics,
New Jersey. ‘Twontleth Anaual Report of Bureau of Statistics,
pacts I and 111
North Dakola, State Penitentiary, Biennial Reports of the War
den and Trustees for 1892, 1894 and 1896.
