108th Annual Report, 1952

Legislative Document (1953)

STATE OF NEW YORK

THE ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH
ANNUAL REPORT

or THE
Prison Association of New York
135 East 15th Street, New York

1952

ALBANY
WILLIAMS PRESS, INC.
1958

PREFACE

This is an official report of the Prison Association of New York
to the Legislature of the State of New York, which has been made
annually since 1845, and constitutes the one hundred and eighth
of the Series,

Paragraph 6 of Article XT of the act incorporating the Prison

mittee” (of the Prison Association), “by such committees as éhey
shall from time to time appoint, shall have power, and it shall be
heir duty to visit, inspect and examine all the prisons of the State,
and annually report to the Legislature their state and condition and
all such other things in regard to chem as may enable the Legislature
to perfect thi rnment and discipline

CONTENTS

Preftce =
fiers for
Sending Commies fo 102
Sener of Transmittal +s...
New York Times Editorial
‘What Does The Public Eapest Of Its Proms?
Recommendations to the Lepslaure v.ev----
(Coordinated Correstonal System
TE Need for Intermodiate Reformatory 2----
iL Extension of Reception Canter Age Limits
Need for Division of Research
Expanaion of Personnel ‘Training Pacllties .0-2s+
‘Additonal Profesional Person
ReOrgonization of Department of Cis Service
Improved Salary Seales
(Givi Service Statue to County and Local Penal Tattation Personnel
Change of Title from Prison Guard to Correction OBcer
Examination Tato Sentencing Process evvsess
Revision of Sex Ofendee Legislation :
Exablchment of Advieory Comittee On Carrctonal Industries
Uailirtion of Correctional Industries for Defense Eft
Extension of the Power of the Parole Board in Certain C
Addhion of Three Parsle Employment Ofiere
Public Relations Program i
Extemion of New York Stato Youth Commision
Amendsent of Youthfal Oftnder Law. Conering Dieninton
Organized Crime...
ReOrgeniation of the Cour
Improvement of Probation

‘Appoitmeat Boned of
MRE oe Now Paces Bossi ainaan

ro]

Convents

attest Board of Persle Concerning Riots
i Paward J. Donovan

New Jemey, Survey
et ion
‘Nescition
: = enna Ctra
Nev Fiend Cutscene Prveion

Javenie Banque ig Enea
om Baore
‘Gompensa hi
Paroling of Seeced Case
ai.

‘Michizam Probatio
Newawerk Mo ane” Seil ‘tae
Telersion Product

de
foto Picture Fil" My Sie Convey

eth of Gust Speke
eee lp Ws Whole Excative Scary: New Yeak hy Youth Bova

Herder Ax Philbrek, Former iLL Undercover Agent

op Juss 8 Nola, Sith Deputy Commindone Plise Bipatncn, G

of New Yor
Hon. Heda ssi, Pigsden, New Yank Gig Coooet
Hoe. Gres Horewis Sep ge Gi ot hen tak
Ting Ben Cooper, Chit Justice: Court of Spectel Sebions
Dg, Ralph Branca) Diectr, Now Toney Diagn Center, Moslo Pak,

The Amsocition's Bureau of Service
Replat od ilctet Daven
ste to New_York City Prien
Sali foc Rpleymen sd Reid Baie fr 196
Faguly Service Bureat.
“Shatice for Family Sorice Barca Yor 1982.
Lesisature—1952
Financial Statement.
CConaiatlon and By Laws «

THE PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK
OFFICERS FOR 1952

President Recording Secretary Treasurer
Eowin O. Hourer Warren C, Teacte, Jn. C. C. Avcutnctoss

Corresponding and General Secretary
R. Cass

Assistant Secretary
Rosuers J. Waicnrt

Vice Presidents
Hesay G. Gray
Harouo K. Hocnscrzp
Epwaxp P. Muzroonsy
Executive Committee
Ebwiw O. Hort, Chairman

Gan o 18 Clas of 1954

E*Douatas Ditton Renin ts Aucune

He AitmeVEDouss Rint cba

Joun L. Schornrerp Burrow J. Ler, Jr.
Brenan C.Pravrason, Ja

Francis, Powers Je

Class of 1952

Class of 1953
Groce F. Bax, Jr
Pav Moore, Jr.

G. Howzanp Saw

Class of 1955
Mas. Junius Ocus Apter
Cuanies Suypaw Corrine
Faepenick M. Earox
Hevey A, Wiaenpine

STANDING COMMITTEES FOR 1952

‘COMMITTEE ON LAW
Gray, ALexanper, Eatox
COMMITTEE. ON FINANCE
C. C. Auennetoss, Ditton, Hocuscuit, Les
COMMITTEE ON DETENTIONS
Scxornrete, RT. Auciisctoss, Mrs. Duutes, Moog
COMMITTEE ON NOMINATIONS
C.C. Avcrtisexoss, Davis, Hocuscrmp
COMMITTEE ON PROBATION AND PAROLE

Suaw, Corrine, PoweLt, Witateaninc

COMMITTEE ON PRISON ADMINISTRATION
Mursoowey, R. L, Auciuneross, Mxs. Apter, Bancock,

Baxes, TRaGue

ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK
How. Faawx C, Moone,
Lieutenant Governor of New York:

Sin—In accordance with Chapter 163 of the Laws of 1846, we
have the honor to present the One Hundred and Eighth Annual
Report of The Prison Association of New ¥.
that you will lay the same before the Legislature

, and to request

Respectfully,
‘THE PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK

By Eowrn O. Houten, President
R. Cass, General Secretary

‘THE NEW YORK TIME:

Wednesday, February 13, 1952

THE PRISON ASSOCIATION

Few civic groups in this country cam equal the
secon ofthe Bren Assist of New York for
reports of tis organtation, founded in 184, are
hiodel of humane intelligence at work. In the
407th annual report, now on the desks of our slate
legislators, the Assocation refrains from calling
for any new, extensive survey of the corredtonsl
process in New York, but emphasizes instead the
need for evaluating and making effective the many
ndings already fe hand from previous studies,
(ne psig eed Ia fora feeach Buren 0
sland now," says the report. "the state spende nearly
$25,000,000 a year for the operation of its coree-
tional department but not one penny iy diverted to
inary might well result n'a net oaacial gn t0
Hate, a6 2 by-product. So would ore got
coe i ol potion evden The hence
fas been interested for more than half a centary
in development of protation, Some countess
do not have probation service; commitment is vir~
tually forced, in eu of probation, ‘The treatment
of probation ia New Yorke City ea tragic instance
Of penny-wise economy; the service fs starved, ts
Civil eervants pauperized, through budgetary short.
corrnge that rican not economy but extravagant
Waste of human resources and opportsnites
"The Prison Assocation is privately supported,
ceives no public funds, but Hs anal report Is
fn oficial legsiative dacument, a deserved enark
of respect for a realise, common-sense, enlights
food approach to the many problems of corre
ton, ite many suggestions, ony a few of which
hte boon touched on here, deserve the earnest
consideration of the Legislature

no}

RECOMMENDATIONS*
February 16, 1953
To the Honorable Members of the Senate and Assembly:

In accordance with Chapter 163 of the Laws of 1846, we have the
honor to present the following recommendations to the Legislature
a5 a Part of the 108th Annual Report of The Prison Association of
New York, and urge that they receive your serious consideration,

Respectfully submitted,
THE PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK

E. 0. Mourer, President
E.R. Cass, General Secretary

WHAT DOES THE PUBLIC EXPECT OF ITS PRISONS?

‘The year 1952 presented an umexpected dilemma to those adminis
tering prisons in all sections ofthe country. For decades cocvectonal
workers have been pleading for increased public attention in order
to effect needed improvements in their institutions and. correcional
systems. In 1952 it came-—but hardly in the moxt desirable manger
‘The year 1952 will probably stand out as the high point of prion
Dublisty, at Teast the highest point since the unfostanate incidents
of 1929. Beginning. with the New Jersey outbreak in Apal aa
continuing throughout the year, prisons erupted from east coast to
"nd from north to south

Now that there has been diminution in the eycle of prison dis
turbances, and the smoke and flame have somowhat eleared. away,
the obvious question with Which we ttle this comment comes ap
for discussion

What does the public expect of is prisons? What does the public
expect of all its endeavors in the fed of crime. prevention and
control? What does the public expect in the way of clearing up
Community crime breeders such as the waterfront sitaton in New

York, the organized gang activity in too many areas to Tit here, the
corruption it high placésdicleed in The Neton’s Cape aed
many cities?

Even after many years of close observation of the penotogicat
front, we are sot too sure of exactly what the public expects of ite
vrisons, Frankly, from this close vantage potat, we fed! it expects

e, else it would have exerted itself years ago in the interests

“Recommendations in mimeogrephed form were made available to all
‘of the Senate and Asrembly on February 16,1083

my

2 Tue Prisow Association or New York

of at least the more obvious improvements crying for implementa

thom Tite riots of IDS2 have shown the fauce of the public to heed

many of the surface indications of trouble ahead. ‘The riots caugh

the public by surprise. Surely the publie did not expect a siege

sce henlnesUntortnately, wt supe! that some aang the

thrit of adventure and seief from the humdrum of life of te
day world

“What does the public—or, more important, what should the public
expect ofits prisons?

Tt is our feeling that an attempt should be made to analyze some
cof the shortcomings of prisons taday, ad at the sume time point op
femedies, We do.so at this time, and inthis oficial legislative doca
ment, with the hope that some of these reflections and subsequent
feoommendations will serve to prevent similar occurrences within
New York's correctional instittions which have not been the scenes
of costly disturbances since 1929." We le to feel that this isthe
resule of good management rather thin simply good luce But let 29
tne rest assured that" cant happen here", Inthe work of prison
Stministration anything can happen, anywhere, anytime, For this
Feason, if no other, correctional personnel can never afford. {9

ame an attitude of smugness and. taking things. for_granted.

While some remedies will be indicated, it should be noted that they
are developed around findings and suggestions made by this Assoc

ation in previous years. as well as by other official inguicy bodies
Tn summary, therefore, the Association holds to the opinion that

entation of certain suggested remedies and recom
mendations will serve as insurance against headlines such as "SING
SING PRISONERS RIOT” or" GREEN HAVEN SWEPT BY
RIOT". That there are definite and specific ways to prevent sach
disturbances will be the task ofthis comment to outline

We are particularly pleased to record out approval of the excel
lent docment release! on Jancary Sth, 1983, known as the Knapp
Report, This Report submited at the earlier request of the New
York State Youth ‘Commission, explored and. investigated. the
statutes and methods of institational treatment of the adolescent age
offender in he State corectonal system, ‘While we ge the Lees
Iature to give its support to the many recommendations made inthe
Report, we desie t0 point out that number of them in thelr back-
ground of thinking and observation, coincide with recommenda
tade over the years by this Association. Some of the major recor
‘endations willbe included in the body of this statement, and others
will be grouped tinder a separate headfog as worthy of implement
on in the direction of long range planing

RecosneNpavions to THe LecistaTuRe 13

The following condensation of riot causes is presented in outline
form but not necessarily in order of importance. Such a tak ve wal
nigh impossible, because in a prison setting mountains are hacks of
‘moths, and provty of eausation is not practical. The Problens of
penology are not ones to be met single-handedly. Prison wardens
lone can not solve difficult situations, “They fequire the whole
hearted support of the people generally” But before the people con
sion they need to Tg, at has wel een ated by the Reap

eport, as well as by others including The Prison Avsocnion
New York. 7 Zt “

1. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF IMPRISONMENT.

At the very heart of our troubles, we fel, is this somewhat abstract
blem, ‘The cold fact must be faced that each and every prisons
's confined against his will. They are confined involuntary, ad ot
by choice, Whether or not they deserve tobe there is far Seyond fhe
point ofthis discussion as isthe question as to. whether hey com
titted: their eximes with the full knowledge of the sonseazeneee
These matters do not concern us at this mement, hit the feet tisk
nat one single prisoner wants toe behind the walls is the alli
Portant consideration for this discussion, In no other situation com
‘cived by the mind of man ean this be duplicated. ‘The same faces,
the same surroundings, the same food, ine same el the same every,
thing Htraly, leads quickly to sheer Boredom and discontene The
lose tak that prisons are (oo attractive is just so mach unaerated
tontense served up by those who have no conception of the meaaiog
a egimentaton andthe deprivation of ftecton Prams are mod
<efinitely not in love with thelr surroundings, ‘The frequently used
analogy of one’s being locked ‘up in the country’s neat hot! for
three or four weeks, knowing that one can not leave the pretisce,
cause for most persons to stop and think. ‘Change the surround
ings nd conditions into prison setting and the problem becomes
With this comment asa foundation we will proceed to analyze the
‘sore specitic and concrete causative facors of prison tatarbances

2. POPULATION

Correlated with any discussion of population insofar as prisons
are concerned, is its first cousin overcrowding. Fortunately, in New
York State, the correctional institutions are not in a serious over.
crowded state. This has not always been the case and we should not
be contert to coast on our laurels, Statistically, ever since 1944, na
‘ional prison population figures have increased each year until the
cad of 1951, the last year for which statistics are available. At the
end of 1944, the low point of population, there were confined in all

4 ‘Tux Piso Association or New York

state and federal institutions a total of 131,974 prisoners. This gure
steadily increased until the end of 1950 when 165,796 persons were
in confinement. As of December 31, 1951, however, the total was
164,896, or some 900 prisoners less than the previous year, hus marks
trend in seven years
ewise witnessed steady increase in its
ison population. For example, as of January 1, 1948 there were
18976 persons confined under the jurisdiction of the New York
State Department of Correction. On January 1, 1953 this had jumped
to 17651
“Hand in hand with problems presented by high psison populations
is the important consideration of size and utility of institutions. In
many of the disastrous riot areas of 1952 it was noted that the age
and size of the units, with their mixed populations, need to be con-
sidered as contributing tothe causes of the disurbances. For example,
the oldest institution in the country today, the Massachusetts State
Prison at Charlestown, was the scene of a riot in July, and subse-
{quently sweated out an aftermath of unrest through the year. The
State Prison of Southern. Michigan, is probably the largest walled
institution in the nation. ‘Termed an “administrative monstrosity” by
Michigan officials, its very size together with its overcrowded condi

people and the Legislature of New York if this State is to avoid
similar problems.

L. COORDINATED CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM
The further coordination of the correctional program of the State
continues to be a critical need. For the seventh consecutive year this
Association urges that legislative support be given to developments
leading toward a more coordinated correctional program. Again, in
this instance, the task can not be accomplished alone by those in
direct charge of the Department of Correction,
and legislative support. We i
ons but we do need support for te implementation of many
ndings of existing studies, New York State still is
in need of a well-knit correctional plan, and legislative support is the
first requirement, New York has the physical plants and, despite the
‘unwieldy layout and size of some of them, the State's correctional
units are far superior physically to those in most states, The need,
however, is one of coordination of prograrhming and the avoidance
of the unscientific distribution of prisoners, Tn such units as Wall-
‘kill Prison, Coxsackie and the Elmira Reception Center, this is cur
rently avoided. In the run-of-the-mill prisons, however, such as Sing

RcosmenvATIONS 10 THE LearsLaTuRE 45

Sing, Dannemora, Green Haven and the others, there is the problem
of prisoner distribution

I, NEED FOR INTERMEDIATE REFORMATORY

11 is recommended that the Legislature toke immediate action to
implement the Governor's recommendation that the Great Meadows
Prison be converted toon intermediate reformator

The adoption of this recommendation will be toward the moe
ficient diversication of institutions and 3 step in the dicetion of
2 more scientific classification technique. Tt is obvious to the ex.
perienced observer that the characteristics of the average prisoner
today have changed considerably since the war, The nme of today
iS younger, and more experienced in the ways of erie than his
predecessors. Perhaps this is partially the result of improved awoke,
ton techniques, the relatively new youthful offender law aad other
gostwar developments which tend to syphon of the more hopeful
offender and return him to the comunusity under supervision mater
tha prion hi This of cours, grityng but the en rea

lat te prison aa an institution is receiving a prisoner pretestn
nove dificult characterises and therefore all the move challenging.
‘To keep pace with this development there is a growing need fey
Giversifcation of institwions."We have the buildings but lack a

system of institutional classification, such as is employed by the States
of Illinois and California and the Federal Government. ‘The Gover
nor's recommendation js assuredly in the right direction and we urge

its adoption without delay. This will require the appropriation of
funds for the employment of additional professional personnel and
certain structural and plant changes as well as new equipment,

Ul. EXTENSION OF RECEPTION CENTER AGE LIMITS

Also in the direction of further coordination of the State's cor-
rectional process, and in harmony with our repeated plea for a more
scientific procedure of classification and distribution of the prison
Population as a whole, és the Governor's recommendation that the
age limits of those offenders eligible for commitment to the Recep.
tion Center be extended to age 25. The statutes at present limit com:
rmitments to those up to 21. “While this is a recommendation of both
Ge Knapp study group and the Governor, the Association has Jong
urged gradual expansion of the reception ‘center philosophy. Even
tvally, and hopefully, we look to the day when alt felons committed
to the correctional department will be processed and screened by a
reception center. For many years the Association has urged adoption
of a recommendation leading to the centralized commitment of
offenders to the department of correction rather than to specific inst

16 Tue Paisox Association of New York

tutions, The acceptance by the Legislature of the Governor's recom-
fmendation would be a definite step in the way of progres:

IV. NEED FOR DIVISION OF RESEARCH

11 is recommended thot legislative sspport be given to the establish
ant within the department of correction of a division of research
‘Be eter of material avaible at in need of stay and analysis
kes imperative the designation of such a unit, ‘The additional
Tint avolved for personnel chould be approved as a measure leading
tothe grenter efeiency of the department and its treatment of
teiscnese With am average institutional population inthe 1952 fiscal
Tea oF 7346 being maintained. at an annual per capita cost af

® obviots that further study of this geoup is desirable
With a storehouse of Inowledge based on the individual characters
Tee of al prisoners confined itis Hkewise obvious that potenti
thouble spate cam be kept at a: minisnm. Tf we kmow what we are
Uualing with we are well ahead of the problem. We are glad to
tote confirmation ofthis thinking inthe Knapp Rep

3. PERSONNEL

‘The State of New York is indeed fortate that i spot affected
by the sdafon of negative personnel practice o poor psison admin
thio auk'o evident in anyother states. Weal we havea long
wry ogo before we can be satisfied with oue methods of personne
wae ctrttment, ec, New York i not faced with the atrocious
Teun’ Maneuvering so characteristic of some of the other ate
wae now a ibis writing that there i ikethond of change and
WSrealny inthe minds of present personnel. y way of example
Wer Gote& ead aetile fa prison inmate newspaper in Tennesee
Under the heading “The Rumors Are Hing” tae inmate editor
ite, in par, an follows: “"Undercurents of mixed feeings se
Mel leith ech new lo of rumors The sate admis
toa at be afeced “Tennessee State Pricon inmates are wel aware
GPthg The felings oF men in Tennessee State Prison are i
exniaty sed in with the aunstrative structre of Tennesse
Movements at the upper level reverberate downward through the
Mepartments of sate antl ther eects are ele i the lowest soca
seen he prisons. (ales are ours) = prisoners watch cosy
He casol government any faction is cause for cone
Tuvan aseaton es panics the other, fie”

Assore pohgnant comment on the relation of polities to prison
rmoate and'siaional climate i fic to percetve. The potcal
Irnteaons of prison admivistration is one of the basic un

sca for the ely disturbances we have witnessed tn 195

RecomMENDATIONS 70 THE LEGISLATURE 7

New York can continue to step forward away from the old and
toward the new if the Legislature gives its approval to another of
the Governor's current recommendations, and one thé

close to the Association’s thinking for a great many years; namely,
the provision of extended training for correctional personnel

V. EXPANSION OF PERSONNEL TRAINING FACILITIES
His recommended, therefore, in keeping with the above discussion
of personnel that the Legislature give its immediate approval to
the expansion of the St. Lawrence University Institute on Crime
and Delinquency which the Governor now proposes ta put on a
year-round basis under the name of The Frederick 4. Moron Insti
inte on Crime and Delinquency. ‘The recommendation made by the
Governor carries with it a request for an appropriation of $100,000
to meet the growing demands being made upon the Institute, and t0
assure its continuance on a year-round basis. Such a plan will make
possible the development of extension courses, full-time residence
courses for trainees in correction, and research activities. This for-
wardslooking step in personnel procedures should receive hearty
legislative support, ‘The naming of the institute for Frederick A.
Moran will serve to perpetuate the memory of one who devoted his
entire career to improved correctional techniques, The Association
e that this recommendation of the Governor's is an
iboration of our long-standing recommendation calling for the re-
establishment of the former Central Guard School, and thereby
emphasizing once more the need for and value of personnel training,

VI. ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL PERSONNEL

We urge thot the Legislature give is approval to the proposal con-
tained in the Knapp Report 10 the ofect that one additional deputy
Conimissionar of correction be provided to be responsible specially
for te ting cad reloblleson of prlomcra’ This leon
Would be the coordinator of the department's care and treatment
program. In addition to this headguarters ofc postin, i is recom
ended that each of the correctional institutions be provided with
tne addtional associate superintendent or associate warden Wwhote
fas would ental sapervsion of the daily activity of the care aad
tresient program, Ample precedent has been set for this type of
organization in such correctional systems as California's and the
federal government's. ‘This step is in Keeping with the dictates of
bragressive penology and the ficient administration of an institution,

VI, RE-ORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENT
OF CIVIL SERVICE

Also in the realm of improved personnel techniques is the Gover
nor’s recommendation in which we join to the effect that reorganiza~

18 Tue Prison Association or New You

tion of the Department of Civil Service is called for and needed,
While the Association is not primarily concerned with civil service
administrative procedures we are, of course, alert to the relation of
civil service and correctional personnel. It is our recommendation
that provision be made in line vith Governor Dewey's request, and
in beeping with a recommendation of the Temporary State Commnis-
sion on Coordination of State Activities, for legislative authorization
to modernize the Departinent of Civil Service,

VIL. IMPROVED SALARY SCALES

The relationship of salary scales to employee morale is obvious
and necds no supporting discussion at this point. The clssotation
ecommends lepitative support be given to departmental request
for appropriations for improved salary scale. Competent personne
is the keystone of eficient and progressive correctional procedures,
and can hot be secured unl Sais are commenarate withthe
degree of responsibilty and sill expected. In more than one instance
of rerous prison rebelion in 1952 there was noted low calibre per
team and was pny so bese re sr aed to Fe
tgnize the importance of competent staf, Our recommendation
includes provision for adequate pension plans for those in haeardows
‘ceupations, and correctional personnel should receive every com
Sideration in this respect. It sexme to the Association that 28 year
pension plans are appropriate ag already set up for police depart
ments throughout the state, and for some fire departments, ‘The
Tesponsibiides. of correctional personnel, particularly those ina
tstodial capacity, should be 40 eassfed as to make them eligible
for adequate pension plans, ‘This whole question of adequate sary
scales perio pls, ef ha rect bearing 9 the werent
Competent personnel, and’ in these days of eritieal competition for
perconnel by industry and business, the slate can ill afford to be
penny-wise and pound-foolish

IX. CIVIL SERVICE STATUS TO COUNTY AND
LOCAL PENAL INSTITUTION PERSONNEL

The Association repeats sts long-standing recommendation that
civil service provisions be provided to all personnel of local and
county penal institutions where such is not presently the case. This
would mark a forward step toward the complete abolition of appoint
ment of correctional personnel because of political considerations,

X. CHANGE OF TITLE FROM PRISON GUARD
TO CORRECTION OFFICER

RecosMfenpations ro THE Lecistarune 19

criminal insane “hospitat attendants” to “correction officer.” With
the professionalization of correctional personnel, it is obvious that
the old, traditional labels of “prison keeper” and “prison guard,” ete.
should be removed, Correction officers are, in large measure, respon.
sible for the ultimate rehabilitation of offenders, and they should be
accorded the dignity and prestige of titles such as "correction offices.”
‘This change will require an amendment to the Correction Law.

4. SENTENCES

In any discussion of prison disturbances and thee eases, cons
tration must be given fo the knotty problem of disparity of sentences
dnd, in some case, the inequity of sentences, Itis cbviows that 2
tcoong sentence can be just 28 harmful a5 one too short. The old
idea of making the ponishment ft the rime fas Tong ago bean d
Carded by progressive criminologists, or a great many Years the
Prison Association has recommended that the Law Revision Co
slesion or some other appropriate body undertake a thorogh ex:
amination into this problem, ‘The Commission has been aware ofthe
necessity of this task but has been handicapped for various aden:
trative reasons, Now the Knapp Report makes simar recommend:
ston with which we join wholeheartedly. Clarieation fs need of
the various satotes Felatng to “wayward minors” and other exe
rories of offenders

I. EXAMINATION INTO SENTENCING PROCESS

The Association urges, therefore, that a suitable body undertake
such a study and that the Legislature give its support and financial
approval.

XII. REVISION OF SEX OFFENDER LEGISLATION

Tt will be recalled that the Association was represented on the

Governor’s Interdepartmental Committee to Stady the Sex Offender

several years ago, and from whose study resulted the current sex

offender legislation, Chapter $25 of the Laws of 1950. Observation
the

of the use of this taw indicates that many areas in the State are fail-
ing to apply its wide provisions, The Association feels that the time
is at hand when a review of the use of this law is advisable with a
View to extending its application as well as its provisions,

We recommend, therefore, that consideration be given to making
‘he law mandatory rather than discretionary in the sentencing of
sex offenders, Tt has been determined that of a total of 447 come
tnitments of sex offenders, since April 1950 when the law became
fective, only 72 were committed under the provisions of the new
low. In Kings County the record shows only one commitment under

20 ‘Tue Prison Assactation of New Yor

this law out of 63 convietions, and in Bronx County out of 18 sex
bffender convictions none were committed for the indeterminate term
rovided under the new Law. .

Porn New Jersey all sex offenders must, by the provisions of the
law, be commitied to the Diagnostic Center for classification pur-
poues. “The Center is empowered to commit sex offenders to state
Rospitals for treatment if the circumstances warrant. We are reliably
advised that this practice is being followed with encouraging results,
dnd we therefore fee! that New York would do well to follow suit,

5. EMPLOYMENT OF PRISONERS

and underlying causes for prison anrest Tes
ives greater

Another of the basi ae
sae evaern to wardens and other intiatonal fica tha
CAiStced idleness: duc to a lack of constructive work outlets, Tt
Should be Kept im mind that national snd state legislation rightfelly
Rates prison labor to avoid exploitation for private gain. Goods
reaced by prisoners in the great majority of slates must be sold
Bo°pubticly operated institeions or political. sub-divisions of the
State suck ob sien, towns te.” Stody commissions over the yar
HE stgea Tegisatve approval of various means fo provide more
Mitguate work and provivtion opportunites within the Timits of
onsttalional and statutory provisions.

XIII, ESTABLISHMENT OF ADVISORY COMMITTEE
ON CORRECTIONAL INDUSTRIES

New York
The experience of others, such as the State of California and
fhe Federal Government, and authorize the establishment of on Ad:
visory Commitee on Prison Industries. This body, to be composed
of representatives of industry, agriculture, management,

the public at large, to be appointed by the Governor without salary,
would give guidance to the Department of Correction's industrial
‘Operations. In this cooperative manner, the interests of all com
cerned would receive equal consideration and, if the experience of
thers is any yardstick, the employment rate of prisoners in institu:
tions would be increased.

The Association recommends again that the State 0

profit

the public eye

Recom MENDATIONS To THE LECISLATURE
XIV. UTILIZATION OF CORRECTIONAL INDUSTRIES
FOR DEFENSE EFFORT

We recommend full legislative support of planning for the utitiza-
ion of prison man-power and facilities in the interest of national
defense, This is another of the recommendations repeated over the
years, and it is again noted herein in order that the Legislature may
ot lose sight of the potential source of man-power behind prison
walls. Our 1950 annual report contained a detailed set of recom:
‘mendations relating to this point which need not be rewritten here,
In the meantime, Department of Correction officials should remain
alert to the possibilities of utitizing prisoners in the defense effort,
through the preparation of plans for prompt activation when needed.

6. PAROLE,

It has been revealed in many of the riot-stricken areas that mis-
understanding and confusion relating to parole practices and pro-
cedures have played an important part. The State of New York is
indeed fortunate that it can lay claim to one of the real outstanding
parole systems in operation today. Without delving into the realm of
prophecy it is apparent that the immunity from prisoa riots enjoy

Sy this State is due in part to the excellence of our parole operations.
‘This assurance, however, ean not be taken for granted and every
effort must be exerted to improve and strengthen the system. To this,
nd, therefore, the following recommendations relating to parole are
subinitted for the consideration of the Legislature, and we urge

adoption.

XV. EXTENSION OF THE POWER OF THE
PAROLE BOARD IN CERTAIN CASES

It is recommended that the Legislature authorize the Board of
Porole to determine and specify the portion of the remaining or ovigi-
nal maximum ferm to be served by an offender who commits @ new
felony while on parole, The Board of Parole concurs in this recom-

‘This recommended discretionary power should be within
he province of the Board of Parole with the proviso that it not be
applicable except in those cases where at Teast more than five years
remain to be served on the original sentence. The law now provides
(hat the entire maximum sentence be served before service of the
second term can commence. ‘This power of discretion now applies
to Elmira Reformatory cases by virtue of Chapter 678, Laws of
1945, and its application to other inmates is urged,

2 Tue Prison Assoctanion or New York

XVI. ADDITION OF THREE PAROLE
EMPLOYMENT OFFICERS

The Association recommends that legislative approval be given to
the budgetary requct of the Board of Parle for the prosicon of
indee abled pret Cmploseeat oficrt, One ol he puiaeaeg
srs ofthe Herd of Pave he enayment serie sae
o there awaiting employment progress (or release a8 well ay to
hoes On pan UG ae Wietee of fase Coot ae ale
Seer (ie eonloent of a ag tess eat cians cena
them fo be assigned to the New York district and one tothe Albany
Gisriet Nowe breels: dacontent faster among prisoner, thar
forced imprisonment beyond: parole eligibility dates de tothe lack
ofa job inthe free word. The addition ofthe three oficers recon
interes of improved parole as wal as public safay

‘The Prison Association of New York campaigned for many dee
ades for the type of parole administration which the State now
enjoys and we guard with a jealous pride the improvements that
have been made with and since the establishment of the present
system in 1930,

7. TREATMENT PROGRAMS

In a number of instances of prison disturbances in 1952 it was
quite apparent that rebellion was stirred because of the lack of ade-
quate treatment or rehabilitative programs. Men and women simply
gan not be eld behind the bars and wails of a orison with any
legree of expectancy that rehabilitation will result unless an ade-
quate treatment program is available. Imprisonment in and of itself
withthe keys discarded accomplishes nothing and never has through
the ages, Hopefulness rather than hopelessness is the keystone upon
which must be built the plans and policies of a true correctional

gram. In some respects progre F
rapid as we would Hk, bit nevertheless it has been definite. Further
forward movement foward gil and etsy objectives ie
pendent upon snany factors, not the least of whichis legislative sop
Port of budgetary tequests coupled with a sotind dnderstanding of
the reasoning behind the departments covrectonal philosophy. ca
the part of the public,

XVII PUBLIC RELATIONS PROGRAM

vill
Just as truly as two plus two equals four, penological progress
never develop without public support and understanding, And, by

RucoseweNpatios To THe LeGistaTuRe 2B

the same token, public support will not develop unless and until it
becomes an informed public. The inarticulation of the past needs to
bbe overcome. We heartily endorse the recommendation made by the
Knapp Report to the effect that the Department of Correction emt.
bark on a sound program of public relations.

8. AREA OF PREVENTION

‘As the record will show, the Prison Association of New York for
208 continuous years has been vitally interested in the community
approach to crime prevention. We have been in the center of develop.
‘ments having to do with the establishment of effective probation amd
parole systems in New York State; the development and administra
tion of such community-wide projects a3 the control of juvenile
‘gangs, the development of more effective approaches to the problem
6f alcoholism, and other related programs all leading toward the
Prevention of crime or recidivism particularly among youth, Like:
wise, the Association has maintained active service bureaus through.
out its long existence in the interests of the wives and children of
‘men serving prison sentences on the one hand, and newly released
prisoners on the other. The complete annual report discusses these
services in detail,

Because of this background of interest and service, the Association
desires to record the following additional recommendations in the
general area of prevention,

XVIIL EXTENSION OF NEW YORK STATE
YOUTH COMMISSION

We wholeheartedly endorse and recommend that the Legislature
provide for the extension of the life of the New Vork State Youth
Commission, now due to expire as of June 30, 1953. This Association

joins with the Governor and namerous other agencies, both private
and public, in urging the legislative extension of the Commission for
another three years. We feel that the work of the Commission is
sufficiently well kmown as to preclude the necessity of further elabo-
ration in this zeport.

XIX. AMENDMENT OF YOUTHFUL OFFENDER LAW
CONCERNING DETERMINATION OF ARREST

Likewise, we repeat our recom

der Low be amended to harmoniz
‘which this law és based. Title VII,
Criminal Procedure should be amended to read as follows: "and
20 youth shall be denominated a criminal by reason of sueh detenmi-
nation, nor shall such determination be deemed a conviction, nor

2 ‘Tire Prison Assoctation or New Yor

shall the apprehension and detention of a youth who has been op-
proved for adjudication or trial as a youthful offender be deemed an
brrest. Notwithstanding the foregoing, all persons lawfully detained
Jor the commission of @ crime shall be subjected to all the due proc

{sses of law as provided by the Code of Criminal Procedure.” ‘The
portion in italics of the foregoing paragraph constitutes the recom

fended new wording. Tt is our opinion, in which the Probation
Department of the Court of General Sessions concurs, that if comic
Hon need not legally be a matter of public information, surely the
et of being taken into custody on the same offense should not be a
matter of public record. It is obvious that the original intent of the
Tegislature in authorizing the law in the first instance was to protect
deserving first offenders. With the recommended exclusion of the
arrest factor the law will then become truly a protective device
“Convietion” is now outside the terms of the law, but the “arrest

factor is not. In other words, offenders adjudicated “youthful of

fenders” may legally deny that they have been convicted of a felony,
but they continue to be required to admit to “arrest” for a felony,
thus negating the true intent and meaning of the law. This has re-
Sulted in hardships in securing employment, enlistment in the armed
services, and in a number of other ways

XX. ORGANIZED CRIME

The year 1952 witnessed a number of startling revelations relative
to the prevalence of organized crime in the State as well as in the
nation. ‘The Association has observed that only one or two of the
basic recommendations of the United States Senate Committee to
Study Organized Crime have been put into effect by Congressional
action. We urge, therefore, that the Legislature memorialize the
Congress of the United States to take immediate action toward the
implementation of the Committee's legislative program. We wrge also
that the recommendation of the New York State Crime Commission
be given the serious and immediate consideration of the Legislature
TE the members of the Commission feel it warranted that ther official
existence should be continued we would wholeheartedly back their
recommendation, As of this writing their inquiries have not be

concluded and neither have they submitted recommendations, there
fore this recommendation of the Association is worded accordingly.
Organized crime must be minimized, and the work of the State
Crime Commission has done more thus far to awaken the people of
New York State generally to the broad aspects of the problem than
any other single body. We are not so impractical as to believe that
Organized crime will ever be eradicated any more than petty crim:

but there are ways and means of controlling its spread and devastat~
ing influence on the welfare and safety of the people. We feet con-

Reconnrenpations to ve LecistareRe 25

fident, of course, that the Legislature will treat the Commission's
recommendations with the utmost seriousness.

XXL. REORGANIZATION OF THE COURTS

Its obvious that the court structure of the State will soon require
detailed study and reorgonization and, with particular reference to
the criminel courts, we urge that the recommendation of the Gover~
nor be given prompt approval.

XXII IMPROVEMENT OF PROBATION

No single recommendation of the Astociation as been peated
mors retentiy over lhe years than this one urging an improved
probation sevice, We partially ace concerned about the ten coun:
tes now without any form of probation service. We were heartened
te nots thatthe Governor i Bs annual ssege fo the 1058 es
Shane pereeuten lgtcve terasen for oe atic ok
fecoatypobaton ore, Thi process wil enable serra
counties to maintain one probation department us providing these
much needed services to areas not presently in a position to finance
them, ‘The value of sound probation organization and administra:
ton has been proved tie and time-agam over the years, and it
ee eee
Hs couneat “Ths toons of prison the ene rere
ld ad Goward setucson tthe mupher of pers Sn
teacd by the cours to coninenet. We ore oy fll cer! of the
Geoendhs pea her muinccoanty prota catenin

XXII ALCOHOLISM

‘The scope of the problem of alcoholism has been discussed by the

Association on a number of occasions, and the record will show our
oficial interest and attempts to bring about a solution to the problem
over the years. We were particularly gratified to note reference to
this problem by the Governor in his message to the Legislature of
fone year ago. A stast in the right direction has been made by the
Legislature and this has been‘of real encouragement. However, we
have a long road to travel before there is a noticeable dent in redue
tion of alcoholism, Over the past year this Association has been an
active member of New York City-wide committee on alcoholism
appointed by the Welfare and Health Council of New Yorke City
‘The findings of this committee should receive the consideration of the

sgislature, with particular reference 10 expansion of State-cided
slinies and treatment conters.

26 ‘Due Prison Association oF New York

XXIV. THE KNAPP REPORT

Much has already been said in this statement as to our sland with
respect to the content of the Knapp Report. We are in full agree
ment with the great body of it, and want to conclude this portion of
our annual report with the urgent request that the Legislature give its
recommendations its best consideration. Admittedly, a good portion
of the Report is in the realm of long-range planning, but we want to
point out the necessity and desirability of this, The Report contains
many additional suggestions other than those referred to above,
Since the Association is warmly sympathetic to the Report, we urge
legislative approval particularly 0 the following recommendations
‘which are in addition 10 those we have already enumerated:

a) the need for further diversification of existing institutions of
the Department of Correction.

b) the need for the removal of the present restrictions necessitat
ing the appointment of all wardens and superintendents from the
custodial force exclusively. We believe, of course, that custodial
officers should have every consideration in the competition for the

thannels for the superintendency of institutions

©) the need for development of an adequate system of inmate
counseling. ‘This, it should be noted, is one effective means of provid-
ing outlets for the legitimate criticism of inmates, Too frequently in
the riotstricken prisons have we noted an absence af an approved
system for the presentation of just grievances to top administrative
officials. This is not to say that a counseling system is the one answer
to this need, but it isin the right direction

4) the need for developing internships. This has been another
long-standing recommendation of the Association and we are gratified
that the Knapp Report concur,

©) the need for an increase in staff at the Reception Center is ob-
vious if we are to expect a full measure of success on the part of
this vastly important unit of our correctional system,

‘The other recommendations of the Knappp Report not noted in
this statement deserve the full consideration of the Legislature

Conclusion

Even as this statement is being written two other long-term prisons
ina bordering state are undergoing serious riots with the usual blood
shed and costly destruction. Prisons in atleast three bordering states
to New York (Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and New Jersey) have
experienced the destruction and nightmare of mob violence behind

Recomenranions To THE LEGISLATURE az

ptison walls togcther with Obi, another neighboring sate. We have
made an attempt in this statement to point out how New York tay
be spared a similar experience now az well asin the years to some
Prisoners donot riot just for the sake of rioting any more than
free people riot. The important point to keep in mind, however
that prisoners may riot much more quickly and with much sigheer
provocation, However much value one may put on the “meking
Mountains out of molehills” analogy, one can hot lose sight of the
inosine of thi factor, The we a lr ion adator
ever mindfl ofthis and, bythe same token, we express theo
that the people themselves will be more mindéul as a result of the
disastrous riots of 1932. Te is the considered. judgerent of ths
‘Association that the acceptance of the recommendations. noted in
this statement wil Serve to preserve peace within New Yorks prisons
and make for marked correctional advance in the interest Of the
offender on the one hand, and society on the other.

What does the public expect ofits prisons?

We would like fo think that the public expects continuous progress
in the direction of the recommendation expressed by this Awwocstion
and many other bodies, oficial and private, who have labored long
and earnestly i this direetion for decades and, in our own case, foe
more than a century.

LOOKING BACK ON 1952

The following represents in brief the wide and various interests
of the Association through the year, in keeping with the purposes of
{ts origin, Fortunately, the founders of the Association were men of
courage and wide vision, and did not confine the Association's forma
of activity toa small seginent of the crime problem. Obviously itis
impossible to recount in detail every aspect of our day by day work
but suffice it to say that the record herewith and the files of the Asso-
ciation will confirm the strong desire to keep faith with the public
trust and the spirit of the founders.

Committee on Detentions

‘The following report was submitted by the chairman of the Asso-
ciation’s Committee on Detentions, Mr. John L. Schoenfeld, as a
brief review of the Committee's activities during the year:

Since January 1, 1952, 84 places of detention in the Boroughs of
the City of New York, Nassaa and Suffolk Counties, plus upstate
institutions, were personally visited and inspected.

‘At the time of the above visits and inspections, civilian defeose
was again discusced and assurance was given that suitable arrange
ments have been made,

Many recommendations made in our reports of inspection have
been complied with,

NASSAU COUNTY JAIL—MINEOLA

On March 15th Commissioners Schoenfeld and Cass made a
rouitine inspection of the Nassau County Jail, as well as the Deten-
Hon Quarters of the Nassau County Police Headquarters and also
the Prison Ward at the Meadowbrook Hospital. The chief concern
in regard to the Nassau: County Jail was the condition of overcrowd-
ing. ‘The present jail, while reflecting good housekeeping, neverthe
less, is inadeqate 10 handle the jail population of a county whose
civilian population has increased from 60,000 to a present day esti-
mate of 860,000, The crowded condition interferes with the cl
sification and separation of inmates as required by law. Plans have
been in existence for some time for the construction of a new jail
and these objectives should be fulfilled at the earliest possible date
‘The difficulty of securing steel has delayed the building of a new
jail but this situation gives promise of improvement,

‘At the Meadowbrook Hospital a condition was found revealing
‘an unnecessary risk with respect to the life of a correction officer
and the security of inmates. This related to the need for the instal-
lation of a steel grill in a public corridor so as to protect the officer

(a1

Looxing Back ox 1952 2»

on'duty from attack by those from the outside who might very likely
ablain entrance to the public corridor. Assurance was given by the
Superintendent of the Hospital that this condition would be speedily
‘corrected,

UNUSUAL, OCCURRENCES

Since January 1, 1952, 38 unusual occurrences were also brought
to our attention, such as attempted suicides, suicides, assaults on
oficers, attempted escapes, escapes, malicious mischief, etc. These

asual incidents were all investigated and reports were sent to the
State Commission of Correction in Albany,

‘NEW YORK COUNTY CIVIL, JAIL AND KINGS COUNTY CIVIL JATT.

‘The Sheriff of New York City maintains two civil jails for the
five boroughs, one located in Manhattan and the other in Brooklyn.
Both structures are undesirable and the logical objective is one cen-
tral jail, The Sheriff is anxious for the fulfillment of this idea and
so is the State Commission of Correction and the Prison Association
‘of New York. In the meantime Commissioner Schoenfeld has raised
serious objection to the maintenance of a small number of prisoners
in the jail in Brooklyn which results in a high per capita cost, es
missioners Schoenfeld
1d noted that he took
exception to the propsal to use only the jail located in Manhattan on.
the grounds that it had been condemaed for many years by the
State Commission of Correction and, in his opinion, would be tnde-
sirable and inadequate, He also toole exception to the statement of
high per capita on the grounds that there was no solution other than.
that there be provided a central jail, Commissioner Schoenfeld was.
very earnest in his desire for a more economical administration of
the Sheriff's custodial responsthifities and it was finally agreed that
further effort be made to determine whether this could be accom-
plished pencling the construction of a new central jail, Tt was en
‘couraging to mate that the Board of Estimate, in iis capital budget
on December 4th authorized an expenditure not to exceed $116,000
for a civil jail, Brooklyn Civic Center, including site, This is in ac-
‘ord with the joint recommendations of the Prison Association and
the State Commission, over a period of years. Tt is estimated that
the total cost will be $1,170,000,

PROPOSED PLAN FOR HOUSING OF WOMEN PRISONERS

Commissioners Schoenfeld and Cass, acting for the State Com-
mission of Correction and The Prison Association of New York,
have been giving attention to the desirability of re-opening the 250
acre unit at Camp LaGuardia, Chester, New York, as a confinement

30 ‘Te Prison Assoctavion oF New Your

unit for sentenced prisoners currently housed in the Women's House
fof Detention, This will enable the local prison to be returned to its
original status of a “detention” prison and would provide greatly
improved facilities for the housing of female prisoners under sen-
tence, The New York World-Telegram and Sun contained an article

on this situation on June 9th, with a follow-up editorial on June
10th. Commissioner Williams is giving his full cooperation to this
situation.

‘WESTFIELD STATE FARM.

On April 3rd Commissioners Schoenfeld and Cass visited West-
field State Farm fo become better acquainted with the overerowded
condition at the Women's Prison and also the preparations under
way for the care and treatment of drag addicts committed to the
Reformatory

“The population of the Prison was 265 (267 on April 16) with
normal accommodations for 200. ‘To house the inmates itis nec
Sary to give up various recreation sections in the different nits of
the prison and also to discontinue use of the hospital quarters. Two
inmates were obliged to sleep in the corridors on cots. The over-
Crowded condition was also a matter of interes tous in-view of the
complaint made to Commissioner Cass by Judge Jonah Goldstein of
the Court of General Sessions, regarding the delay in transferring
twomen from the Women’s City Prison to the Prison,

"AS a result of conference with the cental ofce of the State De
partment of Correction the transfers were quickened s0 that while
there were 16 on March 20¢h, at the Women's Howse of Detention,
there were only 6 remaining’ on April Sed. On Apri 15th it was
found that the number had been reduced to 3. The congestion at
the prison is growing, and presents a serious problem, looking to
the need of finding new accommodations. One temporary step to
tieet the condition is the aiization of space in the Davis wing of
the Reformatory section for some of the older women prisoners, ‘The
institution is designed so 28 to keep completely separate the State
Prison women and the Reformatory inmates, The seriousness of
the crowded contition is the only reason for bringing the ‘State's
Prison women to. the Reformatory side, although there ‘wil sil
be the possibilty of separation,

On the Reformatory side it was found that four cottages have
been taken over for the special due of narcotic cases, three of these
to be used for housing and one for school or vocational activities
‘The renovation of this cottage was under way and nearing com”
pletion on the dey of inspection. ‘The population on the Reforma
tory side on April 16th was 340, with a normal capacity for 354
‘This includes twenty rooms in the segregation building. ‘There wore
six women avsiting transfer from New York City. ‘There are aso

Lookin Back ox 1952 31

ils in other parts of the State awaiting transfer. Of the total
population of 340 on the Reformatory side on April 16th, 127 were
narcotic cases. These will be handled separately at the start of what
js referred to as an experimental undertaking, looking toward a
broader program as experience dictates. Separate provision has
deen made on the lower floor of the cafeteria building for the feeding
of addicts.

The four cottages on the hill, long in disuse, have not been re-
opened and have not improved through the years, Té would seem
that these cottages will need to be used for expansion purposes to
whatever extent. is found to be advisable and their renovation and
modernization is likely to be far less expensive than new buildings,

‘The taking away of the four cottages on the campus for addict
cases, while it has not made for congestion in the housing of the
Reformatory group, it, nevertheless, has interfered with the clas
sification possibilities previously existing.

‘The care and treatment of the narcotic cases presents a problem
that needs to be dealt with without further delay and as thoroughly
and as expertly as medical knowledge and present-day rehabilitation
technique allows. There has been $200,000 set aside for the begin
ning of the experimental project and it is likely that this will soon
prove to be insufieient,

(QUEENS CITY PRISON

On May Ist, Commissioners Schoenfeld and Cass inspected the
Queens City Prison, Here was found a situation similar, although
» as that found in the City Prison, Manhattan, last
fall, because of the smaller number involved but, nevertheless, a
condition of an over-populated institution due to the inability of the
County courts to dispose of cases, The condition was not attributable
to a long summer recess as was mainly responsible for
tion in the City Prison, Manhattan, b
room space and backlog of grand jiary indictments, and the lack
of a sufficient number of probation officers to make pre-sentence
investigations. Conference with the senior judge gave a clear un-
derstanding of the situation and reflected no discredit upon the
court. Assurance was given that at the earliest possible moment the
various courts would reduce the number to a minimum and thereby
‘slave the doubling up and overcrowded condition in the City

CITY PRISON—-BROOKLYN

Commissioners Schoenfeld and Cass made an official inspection,
representing the State and the Prison Association, of the City
Prison, Brooklyn, better mown as the Raymond Street Jail, on

32 Tote Parson Assoctation or New York

ecember Sth, highly satisfactory condition of onder and clean
fos prevailed, proving once agua tat rgardes of the ag of
Thtitton thee fy afenys the possbig’ of good. housekeepi
Plans for a new ily Poston wee approved a 1950 by the Sa
Commision af Corresion but there hae bom delay in the beginning
Br pete La ee osc eras oc eh Gone eee
OF Gott Teun soeosging to ropes Bak on Deceobes 5 the
Board of Ketimate approval te 1669 Gopal budget aed ince
therein is an tem of $1500000 for 2 new City erisom for ale
tats and Remand Sheer, rook, incading se Tis prope
iecdes wits he fie slrts et Tee Boge Atciton 6 Now
Vive sl the Sete Cotsen oF Carson

DETENTION PENS-MANHATTAN

Tm a previous report of inspection of the Detention Pens Night
Court, Borough of Manhattan, a number of recommendations were
tmade, particularly with reference to overcrowded conditions, et,
and Recommendation No. 4 contained in this report reads as follows

"That a study be made—that if proper ienteation be pro
duced by peddlers and other Ordinance violator, they eould be

Served with a summons, This would also help in preventing over:

crowded conditions and, fikewive,savé the time of the arresting

oficer and the ute of a van if the arrest is made in Rockaway, ete

‘The Secretary of the State Commission of Correction sent 2
letter enclosing copy of the above mentioned inspection report of
the Detention Pens Night Court to Acting Police Commissioner
Frank Fristensky, Jr., and his reply read, in part, as follows:

“Relative to overcrowding and other problems in Manhattan

Night Court, joint conferences were held by the representatives

Of the Police and Correction Departments and the Courts. Tt was

arranged and agreed that orders from the Chief Magistrate's

Office would issue that the calendar be so arranged and called

that only prisoners involved in one transaction would be in the

pen adjoining the Court at one time thus avoiding congestion,

“Concerning the recommendation for the service of stmmonse
to properly identified peddlers, etc., rather than summary arrest,
this procedure is now in effect.”

FOLLOW-UP OF SEX OFFENDER STUDY

Under date of September 26th Mr. Cass wrote Governor Dewey,
suggesting that there be a follow-up inquiry relative to the so-called
Sex Offender Laws of 1950 which resulted from the special com-
mittee set up by the Governor to study the sex offender, In this
letter he made reference to a review in the official report of the

Looxinc Back on 1952 33

Committee as contained in the publication “The Penal Reformer”
published in India. Chapter 525 of the Laws of 1950 provided for
extensive procedure for the handling of sex offenders and we felt
that inquiry as to its usefulness would be appropriate, Under dave
of September 29th Governor Dewey replied, noting with satisfaction

that the 1950 report of the sex offender study had received work,
wide recognition. He noted also that he would request the Cone
missioner of Correction to make further inquiry a3 to the extent

af the use of the legislation on the part Of falges trax
the State. . » : oe
In a follow-up letter of November 13th to the Governor, Mr
Cass made note that he had consulted with Commissiones Prog
and had confireed the suspicion of the Governor that the neon
have not given too much attention to the 1950 legivation’ Acie
tgslt of Inquiry of the State Department of Contour mete te
Senator Thomas “C. Desmond, the. following. inforeaten ate
obtained and #8 presented herewith as quota by the Benne
ress purposes in a release issued by his ofce ov Novena 18
“After my swo year fight for a law which would enable rox
criminals to be “quarantined in prison indehnly aath coved oe
np longer deemed to be menaces to themselves os ostety, re W050
legislature passed in accordance with the fecommendation of ao
interdeparimental committee a law Which peraute Settee ice
tence <x perverts to a sentence of from! ome day te ike oak
release permitted at any time tney are no loge Mare
“Hlated as a great social advance, the law went on the books
2 a notable contribution to sienihe penology. However eens
came to me that judges in New Vork City amd upon were
ing the law. Thave checked facts withthe aid ofthe Stare Donner
snent of Correction, and Gnd that in two and © hat ponte
nce with the law
“1. Im New York City, more than 9 out of 10 sex criminals are
ot being sentenced under the 1980 Inu
"2, ‘Throughout the siate, 8 out of 10 sex criminals are not being
sentenced tinder the 1950 aw
“Here isthe sad record of judicial obstinacy, OF 147 persons
in the state committed for rape duting the te and a haf see,
law, only 4 were given the indetermraate sem,
tences provided by the 1980 statute; of 106 commatied far selon,
only 17; 0f 103 commited for carnal abuse: only 92; (oF Sn
mitted for and degree assault with intent to commit Aes gene
only 195 of 36 committing incest, indecent expontne snd angen
“Small wonder that New York City and upstate communities
sulfer period sex erime waves, ‘The judges ge cosy nes

4 ‘Tue Prison Assoctation or New York

ences which permit mentally sick sex criminals to roam out
ene i auack our women and children
eae ad atch our mrad each could get out of prison
ea Oh Mere ia quarter yeare up 40 ten yeart. The
within» peri os age out ofa in two to shee Year
fea iia Cinale were eentenced under the
ee ee Saar oy Fin Moncor County, 2 were, 16 were
not; in ‘Albany County none out of eight was; in Onondaga
Cea tr tcelon to jndcerinate sentences under the 1950
ee ee ov the asi that judges brought ub
la con be casing ai OP hich of ence do not Taft
under ancl ee cover prefer to subeitute their own judg
eden, sities Hor that of payehatis, The judge
tment ag fa sa pee ances Tt may alo be fund that the
at nee rise. by the aw has ot ben made
lable by the Pris gical old fogeyism will require the 1953
Leo ee relia suures wich might vote om
liegt ge iter cnn S's fn end
Foren chiatriats and social workers. What specific legisla
board off atroduce will depend upon the response of the judges
Son | wl intra lore to apply sound ws enacted im
spe stan of the public”
on Nvenber 1h Bi
on Sue bane ;
Punic og an enone the oe
Mental Hhgicne wih cridence of renewed and increased activi
aa tie of adequate professional personne in si
although he Proeeinent of new vechrigues se sil a desirable
oo ice this opportunity to commend Senator Desmond for his
he EE RES ee rctioga pet by tee 6
Offender
KNAPP REPORT
In bia message to the Legislature of 1951 Governor Dewey pro
The care and treatment of the adolescent offender. Mr. Whitman
Ia a ea et aorney under the Governor Wen he was
Sonny, 3 formes re Jone County, ae appomted asthe director
Sr arn rey ean Gxaneed by te olate Vout Commis
oo ey Tee Sion wes os peal enue oe Come
sign and Mr Kgou's arions intedepertmente corrittens were
ase or Jain the survey and spetaiis were Drought in on

Looxine Back on 1952 35

2 full-time basis, Many throughout the State were consulted, includ-
ing the Prison Association, During 1952, the Associaton, through
the General Secretary, was in contact on several occasions with the
office of the Governor, azging that the report be released as quickty
ts possible. The release of the report met with unavoidable delay
drt we were assured by the Governor that it wosld be available in
time for consideration bythe 1983 Leislatare

Further reference to the detail of this report will be noted in our
introductory statement under the file "What does the public expect
ot its prisons?"

” PRISON RIOTS

From time to time during the year we reported on the various
prison disturbances, and reviewed @ good deal of the publicity that
resulted therefrom, pointing out that the Association was called on
innumerable times during the weeks of April 14th and 2ist to assist
in the development of news stories, TV programs, radio discussion
periods, ete, Such publications as’ the Christian Science Monitor,
Associated Press, International News Service, Newark Evening
News, New York Times, New York Herald Tribune, Providence,
Rhode Island, Bvening Bulletin, and other papers interivewed Mr.
Cass and Mr! Wright. American Broadcasting Company radio and
TV outlets and WOR-TV and a number of other stations solicited
our help. We arranged and participated ia several panel discussions
on the causes of prison riats, for radio and television parpases.

In reporting on a trip to various institutions between New York
and Montana, including attendance at regional meetings in Butte,
Montana, and Chicago, Mr. Wright informed the Executive Com-
mittee of the general alarm and concern felt by penologists across
the country. He spent a day at the State Prison of Southern Michi-
gan at Jackson and reported in detail on some of the items that
appeared to him to be responsible for the riots at Jackson. He also
Pointed out that the damage done by the inmates was considerable
and that it would be a long time before conditions are once again
in a normal state

In discussing riot causes in general it was noted that there is no
single cause or cure and that no one person or single condition can
be held responsible, Among the many pieces to the complex jigsaw
puzzle of causation are the followin:

) Politics and untrained leadership at the top level

bb) The size of institutions

©) Inefficient parole administration,

4) The undermining of prison officials by departmental repre-

©) Mandatory housing of psychopaths and the impossibility of

transferring them to mental hospitals

36 Tae Prison Association oF New Yous

£) The problem of securing a capable guard force

2) The problem of reduced budgetary appropri
increase in the prison population

h) The whole problem of disparity of sentences.

Mr. Wright concluded a lengthy discussion by pointing ont that
there were many other parts to the puzzle and that when they were
all fitted together the picture became quite clear. ‘The whole question
‘of public apathy and disinterest until serious trouble occurs is a
situation that also must be given close attention.

ter in the year we reported on several additional disturbances,
particularly in the States of Idaho, Ilfinais and Ohio, in addition to
two upsets in the Federal institutions, namely, El Reno and Chill-
cothe Reformatory, as well as the minor flare-up at the New Jersey
State Prison at Trenton on October 12th. In addition there was
another riot on November 18, 1952 at the State Prison of Southern
Michigan, Jackson, This particalar disturbance was brought under
control rapidly with 2 display of force as was true in the quelling of
the riots at Trenton on October 12th, Chillicothe Reformatory on
September 6th and the Ohio and Illinois riots which also took place
in November. Likewise, there have been disturbances in some of the
Provincial jails in Canada,

In this connection we have been able to assist a wide variety of
radio and television sources as well as newspapers and magazines in
clarifying many of the issues involved. On October 29th Mr. Wright
appeared on a coast to coast radio news network of the American
Broadcasting Company chain as well as a television news presentation
with reference to the disturbance at the Illinois State Penitentiary at
Menard. We were in telephone communication with Warden Jerome
Munie of Menard on October 29th at the height of the riot at that
institution. It will be recalled that Governor Stevenson later inter:
rupted his campaign tour to return to the prison in an effort to quell
the disturbance, The Warden indicated that there was considerable
disturbance among the 300 psychopathic prisoners but that he had
been able to secure the release of several hostages held by this group.

There is considerable problem created here as a result of extreme
disparity of sentences. He reported he has a number of men will
199 year sentences and a group of thom were involved in the riot
He alsa indicated a serious problem in tamover of personnel

LECTION CHANGES

Closely identified with causative factors of prison disturbances is
the insecurity of top personnel which results from lack of civil
service systems in some of the states, As a result of the November 4
election a number of correctional departments will feel the brunt of
personnel changes as a result of change in state administration. For

Lookin Back ox 1952 7

‘A more detailed discussion of riot causation appears in the intro-

\dactory statement of this report, under the heading, “What does the
public expect of its prisons ?”,

LIFE MAGAZINE

Jn connection with the riots noted above we gave considerable
time to staff personnel of Life Magazine in connection with an
article by Harry Elmer Barnes and Donald P, Wilson in the Novem-
ber 24th issue. We were able to give considerable service in the way
of clarifying factual data.

Both Mr. Cass and Mr. Wright are in receipt of letters of thanks
and appreciation for the time and advice given to Life personnel in
this respect. In‘addition Mr. Cass is in receipt of a letter from the
editor of Time Magazine thanking him for his assistance in connec
sion with a story in the November 24th issue

‘2xp ANNUAL CONGRESS OF CORRECTION

‘The Annual Congress of Correction, sponsored by The American
Prison Association, was held during the week of October Sth at the
Hotel Ambassador, Atlantic City, New Jersey. Present were official
elegates from forty-three states, the District of Columbia, Canada,

England, Germany, Italy, Japan, Venezuela, Puerto Rico and the
Philippines. This Congress was unusually well attended and we
have already received numerous complimentary comments relative to
the program content and the excellence of the discussions.
Foremost among the topics discussed were those relating to the
Prison riot situation, the problem of organized crime, and the prob-
of narcotic addiction. In a special meeting conducted by the
dens’ Association, each of the wardens who had witnessed
prison riots in their respective institutions spoke informally relative
to the causes and conditions leading up to the disturbances. The
Association's Committee on the Study and Treatment of Narcotic
Addiction was presided over by the Chairman of the New Jersey
Governor’s Commission on Narcotic Addiction and featured as
speakers Mr. M. L. Harney, Technical Assistant to the Secretary of
the Treasury, Mr. James’ R. Dumpson, of the Federation of
Protestant Welfare Agencies of New York, and Dr. Kenneth W.
Chapman, Director of the United States Public Health Service

38 Tue Prison Association of New York

Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, Judge Morsis Pioscowe of ‘New
York Ciy, a2 Chairman of the Association's Committee to Study the
Contol of Organized Crime ed dscosson on this subject

‘Noteworthy among other topies was the revision of the Manual of
Supgened Standards for a Slate Correctional System which was
tomlucted under the leadership of Richard A. McGee, Director of
Corrections for California, and formesly Deputy Commissioner of
the New York City Department of Correction. This volume has
promise of becoming one of the keystones of Hteature inthe peno-
Tipiat eld and consists of some thirty chapters written by various
Minorities, The Manual is now in stage of tevison and we hope it
Wl be available after the Brst of the year.

"There was, also considerable informal discussion on problems
sclating to probation and parole and the detention of youths.

"The concluding day of the Congress, October 10th, was devoted
to inspection and observation of the New Jereey Diagnostic Center
a Menlo Pask

The publicity resulting from the Congress was excellent and fail
columns were carried for six days in the New Vork Times, in add-
Gon toa fllow-up eitrial in the Timer of Saturday, October 11th,
In addition, coverage during the week was maintained by United
Dress and Associated Press as wll as Toeal Nev Jersey newspapers

"The Congress meets in Toronto, Canada, in 1983 and the member
ship this year elected Major-General Ralph B. Gibson, Commis.
Sioner of Penitentiaries of Canada, as President. Messrs. Cass and

cchoengeld and Wright were re-elected to their respective offices as

General Secretary, Treasurer, and Assistant Secretary
REVISED MANUAL OF STANDARDS FOR
‘CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

‘The original Manual of Suggested Standards for a State Correc-
tional System was published by The American Prison Association
in 1946 and has been re-printed twice since that time. A year ago
the membership of The American Prison Association voted
authorize a complete revision of the Manual and various persons in
the field were requested to submit chapters. Mr. Cass acted as con-
sultant on two chapters of the Manual. Mr. Wright was asked to
Prepare a chapter on public relations and public education. This
Chapter is now embodied in the final draft of the Manual. Tt is
anticipated that the Manual will be ready: for distribution in 1953.

WELFARE AND HBALTH COUNCIL OF NEW YORK CITY

As the record will show the Association has long been identified
with the various activities of the Welfare Council of New York

Looxine Back ow 1952 39

esting of the
it was voted unanimously that

the Counell merge with the TTeaith Council of Greater New Work.
The merger was formalized on March 27th and the mew ele of the
coxganizaion will be the Welface and Health Council of New York
Gily. “The Association's representatives were active in preliminary
Banning of the merger and our vote was recorded wherever appre.
e. With the new merger the organizational structure: was

we considerably. Insofar asthe Council's corsctonal activities

are concerned it will be one of three sub-committees under the
general division of rehabilitation and guidance. It is the expreseed
dese of the Coun o bring int payin al of is endeavors the
interest and active participation of lay percons, parteslaly those
Who are board members of the various agencies, “Ehe new chairman
OF the correctional group 1s Mrs, Edwin F. Chiksnd, 9 bosed tiene
ber of the cooperating agencies and Mr, Weight of this Assocation
wag elected to serve as vice-chairman of the eorectinal commits
i merger of the two coordinating agencies mentioned, above
will extend considerably the influence and scope of the Council and
the merger met with the unanimous approval of all member agencies

COMMITTER ON ALCOHOLISM WELFARE AND
HEALTH COUNCIL OF NEW YORK CITY

arly in 1952 a commictee on alcoholism was formed by the Wel-
fare and Health Coaneil of New York Cay "o give eonstderaton eo
the many apes of the road problem concer, ‘The Awoiation
vias epreseated on the Commitee through the membership OF Mr
Wright who is also 's member of the comitter’®:profest aah,
committee on “The Penal Aspects of Alcoholism

‘The chairman ‘of the committee is Col, Harold Riegelman, an
sttomey anda well-known and highly respected ‘tien, and’ the
Chairean of the sub-committee is Edmund fs Delaney, artaee ta
the law Rem of Sawyer, Delaney, Shaw and Pomeroy,’ Numerous
meetings of the sub-committee have been held and through Me
Wright the Association contributed extensive comment on the et:
calm of orreton eicer personnel inthe probes of alah
which was later incorporated into the final. report of, the, sabe
Committee. ‘This report was later adopted in fll and subsequenty
ssceptal by the Board of Directors of the Welfare and eat
he full sport ofthe Commitee on Alcohliam represents one
of the most extensive ingviries into the problem wnderten. ia
New More Gigs ‘These major aims charac the work of the

40 ‘Tue Paison Association oF New York,

the aduption of mestares baving similar purposes in neigh:

To carry out this program the Committee formed six project
ssub-divisions to consider the following aspects

1, Delineation of the problem of alcoholism.
2. Inventory of local resources.

3. Board of Visitors of Hart Island,

4, Penal aspects of alcoholism ;
S. Availability of state-aided clinics for alcoholies in New York

Educational techniques and materials in prevention of chronic
alcohol

Some of the high-lights of the sub-committee findings are as
follows
1. Number of alcoholics and excessive drinkers in New York
City range from 200,000 to 300,000, found at all economic
Tevels and in all occupations, with females numbering one out
of seven,
2. Greatest incidence among men is between age 35 and 53,
3. Life of the alcoholic estimated to be curtailed by 12 years.
4, Home Term Court estimates that 70 per cent of its cases
involve alcoholism,
5, Loss of wages estimated at fifty million dollars annually
through alcoholism and excessive drinking in varying stages
6. Relief costs in New York City directly due to alcoholism run
into millions of dollars and further study will arrive at a more
specific appraisal of this aspect of the problem.
Alcoholism is a major factor in many of the Aid to Dependen
Children and Foster Home Placement cases.
8, Two-thirds of the 15,000 commitments ta Rikers Island Work:
house due to alcoholism.
Probable over-all cost to the victims and community is est
mated at two hundred million dollars ($200,000,000).
A number of major recommendations were submitted in too great
length to discuss here but the following are zepresentative:

Looxine Back on 1952 41

Development of adequate statistical organization relative to
incidence, cost, eare and treatment of alcoholism.

2, Alcoholism should be made public health problem and removed
‘completely from the penal aspect.

3. Need for emphasis on the interpretation of the problem to the
public, together with the development of educational program.

4.

Development of treatment facilities (only a handful of local
hospitals will accept alcoholics as such), and aside from Alco:
holies Anonymous facilities and programs are generally
unavailable. Among the gains thus far are creation of the
facility at Hart Island and development of a better treatment
program at the Workhouse, Also establishment of clinic on
alcoholism at University Hospital tader the sponsorship of the
Consolidated Faison Camapany.
Expansion of cooperative relationships between Hart Island
and Yale School of Alcohol Studies.
State Mental Health Commission should proceed with all
possible dispatch to establish at least two alcoholic rehabilita-
tion clinies in New York City under the terms of the Mitchell:
Ten Eyck bill of 1952,
7. Establishment of adequate screening facilities to determine
which defendants are in need of medical care and institu
tionalization, and which defendants should be otherwise
disposed of,

‘Training of correction officer personnel on problems of the
aleoholic.

Recognition of alcoholism as a disease and a public health
problem rather than a penal or corrective problem.

Board of Education should be urged to undertake establish=
ment of courses dealing with alcoholism,

10,

At a meeting of the Committee on December 3rd, the chairman
Fequested that all of the project sub-committees continue, with a
view to submitting full report on July 1, 1953. While there has
been an unusual display of speed ia the work thus far this was
occasioned on the premise that the public can not be kept waiting
for long periods for information on a problem as serious as this one,

ESTABLISHMENT OF HOMELESS MEN'S COURT

As a direct outgrowth of the sub-committee on the penal aspects
of alcoholism of the Committee on Alcoholism of the Welfare and
Health Council of New York City, Chief Magistrate John M. Mur-
tagh announced to the December 3rd meeting of the Committee that
there would be established at Rikers Island on December 11th a new
Homeless Men's Court, This will be a division of the Magistrates’

a2 ‘Tue Prison Association or New York,

Court and itis hoped that eventually, by legislation, it wil be trans
formed into a civil rather than a critninal court, as is the case with
the Girls Term Court, At the invitation of the Chief Magistrate the
Prison Association was represented by Mz. Wright at the inaugural
ceremonies of the court on December Ith, This is a definite and
extremely hopeful move to develop the use of the Hart Island
facility under the Department of Welfare, Men arrested for va
grancy will be sent to Rikers Tsland where they will be sercened by
Bepariment of Welfare social workers. ‘Those qualifying for Hart
Tsland will be given a choice by the presiding magistrate of transfer
to Hart Island or commitment to the Workhouse. Tt is anticipated
that sentences 10 the Workhouse for vagrancy will be much longer
than usual and this was borae out by Judge Murtagh’s sentences of
Six months to those who would not accept transter to the Hart
Island facility on the opening day of the Court. The new court was
made possible through the cooperation of the Commissioners of
Welfare and Correction and will convene on Tuesday and Thursday

ST, LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE

‘The annual St, Lawrence University Institute, sponsored jointly
by the University and the State Departments of Correction, Mental
iygiene and Social Welfare and Youth Commission was held at the
University, Canton, New York during the week of August 10th,
We again were identified with this conference which was attende
by nearly 300 staf¥ per rom the varios departments noted
Mr. Wright, together with Mc, Will C. Tumbladh, Executive Direc-
tor of the National Probation and Parole Association, conducted
daily workshop, pointing up the relationships between correctional
fepartments and the community and Mr. Wright also acted as a
faculty consultant and conducted an evening general session which
summarized the Endings of the conference as a whole. Tt was
through our suggestion and assistance that the main speaker at the
conference dinner, Major-General Ralph B. Gibson, the Canadian
Commissioner of Penitentiaries, was secuced, ‘Te Tnsttute received
considerable publicity, particularly in the New York Times, with one
frticle relating to Mr. Wright's comment on the riot situation. A
follow-up editorial was also. published by the Times. Further
reference to the Institute is made in our statement of Recommends
tions in another section of this report

NEW YORK CITY YOUTH BOARD
On November 10th a dinner was held at the Waldorf-Astoria

Hotel in celebration of the Sth Anniversary of the establishment of
the New York City Youth Board. Over 1,000 persons attended and
Messrs. Auchincloss, Mulrooney, Cass and Wright were among the

Lookin Back ox 1952 8

sponsors, at the invitation of Mayor Impellitteri, Commissioner
Mulrooney attended, as did Mr. Wright. The dinner publicized the
value of the Board's work, looking toward continuance of the New
Yorks State Youth Commission through legislation early next year.
‘The State Youth Commission expires as of June 30, 1953 unless the
Legislature extends its life or makes provisions for its permanency.
The Association is glad to give its support to the activities of both
the Youth Board and the State Youth Com:

reduce javenile delinquency.

FREDERICK A. MORAN

(On February 9th Frederick A. Moran, Chairman of the New York
State Board of Parole died in Albany as a result of a heart attack,
Commissioner Moran had been in ill health for several months. His
untimely passing is a serious loss to the cause of parole and it will
be dificult to Ail his place, It will be recalled that he has worked
closely with us on many projects and has always been a close friend
bf the Association as well as a personal friend of both Mr, Cass and
Mr. Wright. He was identified with the Board of Parole since its
inception in 1930 and was Chairman the past ten years.

ss forwarded a letter of condolence to Commissioner
ister, Miss Winifred Moran, on behalf of the Association.
He likewise forwarded a copy of this leiter to Governor Dewey in
‘order to acquaint him with our viewpoint as to the urgency of his
replacing the Commissioner with the best possible replacement. Tn
the Gavernor’s reply he indicated that he too had lost a close per~
sonal friend in the death of Commissioner Moran.

APPOINTMENT -BOARD OF PAROLE.

On January 14th Governor Dewey appointed Alfred R. Loos,
New York City, District Area Director of the State Division of
Parole, to membership on the Board of Parole to complete the term
of Edward J. Donovan, who was appointed Commissioner of Cor-
rection Tate in 1951, ‘This is an excellent appointment and the
Governor is to be commended for designating a career man from
the Parole Division. Mr. Loos has had extensive experience with
the State Parole unit and it is regarded in correctional circles as one

ments the Governor could make. At the
jppointed Donald Grant to fill the
vacancy on the Board in the Albany area.

ALFRED R. L008, NEW PAROLE BOARD CHATRMAN

ES yas annoyed on Foranry 19h that Mr. Loot had ben
dleced by the Board as Chairman to fill the vacancy caused by the
Seath of Commissioner Moran. At a testinonial dinner on Feb-
44 Tue Prison Association oF New York

rary 19th attended by Mr. Cass and Ms. Wright, glven by the
Division of Parole for Mr. Loos in recogaiiion of his appointment
as. member of the Board by Governor Dewey, Mr. Case was invited
{> make brief comment. He reviewed the background of parole in
this State and the early pioneering of The Prison Association of
New York in introducing parole and probation in New York. He
pointed out that our interest helped set the comnersione of good
parole, not only inthis State but throughout the country. Congrate
Tntions were extended to Mr. Laos and Mr. Cass pledged the suppor
OF the Association, Mr. Loos is a graduate of Fordham University
fnd holds a Masters Degree in Social Work, and has twenty years"
experience with the Division of Parole, serving both in the field, ax
well a5 the parole representative at Wallkill Prison. We have
worked closely with him over the years and he is fully acquainted
with the purposes and functions of the Assocation

‘On motion by Mrs, Adler it was voted wnanimously to request
the General Secretary to write 2 leer of congratslaions to Mr.
Loos. In our letter of February 25th we reviewed our interest in
the success of parole in this State and pledged our cooperation
always to that end. In reply, under date of March 18th Chairman
Loos stated, in part, s follows

“May T express to you my sincere appreciation for the fine

comments you have made and may Task that you extend to the
thembers of your Executive Committe my appreciation for their
ood wishes,

“T believe itis hardly necessary for me to assure yo that

my desire to carry on the spirit of cooperation which has existed
between the Prison Association and the Division of Parole.”

LEETER TO BOARD OF PAROLE CONCERNING RIOTS

Following Mr. Wright's personal observation of some of the insti-
tutions wherein riots occurred last spring, a detailed account was
forwarded to Alfred R. Loos, Chairman of the State Board of
Parole, pointing up reference to the relationship of parole procedures
to the various riots. Tt was pointed out that inmates, generally, were
not aware of the parole procedures in some of the states, and thi
fact led to mach of the misunderstanding and trouble. Under date
of May 9th Mr. Loos replied, expressing appreciation for the detailed
comments. He pointed out that the Division of Parole “has alw:
been aware of the importance of individualizing our treatment. We
feel that the service tnits are a step in the right direction and have
done miich to refieve some of the basic causes of prison riots". Mr.
Loos also noted that Commissioner Donovan of the Department of
Correction is giving personal attention to the development of addi-
tional service units as well as the establishment of so-called orienta-

Looxinc Back ox 1952 45

tion classes for inmates, This correspondence is cited to indicate
the relationship between the Association and the Division of Parole
and our mutual interest in preventing unfortunate occurrences in
any of the institutions in this State,

APPOINTMENT OF COMMISSIONER EDWARD J. DONOVAN

On December 18th, 1951 the General Secretary wrote a congratula-
ry letter to Commissioner Donovan on his appointment by Gov-
emor Dewey to head the New York State Department of Correction
In the letter our assurance of cooperation in the interest of progress
was given. Under date of January 3rd, 1952 Commissioner. Dano-
van replied. Tn addition to expressing thanks for our letter he
stated "Your assurance of a continuance af your interest and exten-
sion of your helpful cooperation in the affairs of this department is
source of consolation to me. While the future policies of the
Department are still in the formative stage, you may be sure itis my
intention to closely ally myself with the problems of all the institu-
Sons: thei personnel and population, to the best of my ability
at all times.”

WESTCHESTER COUNTY MAGISTRATES ASSOCIATION

Mr. Wright attended the April 24th meeting at the Westchester
County Penitentiary of fifty judges from Westchester County, all
of whom are members of the Westchester County Magistrates
Association. Judge Edward A. Scott, Jr. of Pelham is President
of the Association and the dinner and tour of inspection, including
a discussion period, was arranged by Judge Scott and Warden Paul
R. Brown, Mr. Wright was invited to represent The Prison
Association of New York and extended grectings on behalf of the
Association. This was a notable event, especially in view of the
number of prison disturbances taking ‘place at the same time in
Various sections of the country. The judges roamed about the

ntiary at will and without accompaniment of guards. We
heartily recommend this type of enterprise which is in the best
interests of the judges and offenders as well as the people of West-

chester County.
In company with Mz. Roger Starr who was a guest at one of our
Executive Committee meetings last year, Mr. Wright attended one
of the weekly meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous at the Westchester
County Penitentiary. ‘The meetings are of considerable interest and
encouraged by Warden Paul R. Brown. One of the speakers
was a recently released parolee from Wallkill Prison who had com-
pleted twenty years for homicide committed while intoxicated. For
the last four years the man has made a satisfactory readjustment.

46 ‘Tux Prison Assocrarion or New You

PROPOSED SURVEY OF CORRECTIONAL PERSONNEL

In cooperation with the National Civil Service League, the Asso:
ciation, together with The American Prison Association, will con-
Guct a nationwide survey to determine the extent of civil service
Provisions affecting correctional personnel, and in addition will
gather other desirable data relating to personnel practices. The
EGrvey was io preliminary planning stage at the end of the year.

GREATER NEW YORK YUND PROPOSAL

Daring the early part of the year the Board of Directors of The
Caer? Pork Bu gave consideration o a spel report
eee Mis, Henty Brune which recommends tha its annual ca-
rar Oy ied publicly gwned corporations, mutual intittins
aa gee ou of thove ns, togeiber with the labor
ar te ad in employer groups of public bodies. ‘The report ind
aa a cot slicing Sal business groups is wasteful and
cates that he conarennted expense. For example, the report ind
constant the Fund $214 000 to raise $80,000 from the
te at Re the came ie satis indicate that contributions
fatter Bre ouned corporations have’ ineeasedcontinuuly
dering the past ten year

Setter concerning the proposal is divided and we have been
renetea ts sate our opinion, Some of the lager socal welfare
Tete? clad. verte sectarian interest, apparently, will
ea tdce thd gran by the Fund ifthe cnange goes throug
Fare neessafory of agencies, however, will recetve the same
ree Ere meaty moseat the change fs approved

och Sth we were sequested bythe President of

sae Getset New York Fundy Mr. Had. Sehwast, 10 voice ovr
Fe rete ye sepore prepared by Mr. Brunie's Committe. This
rin ons Uisctued by several of the Excestive Committee mem-
Reps a it was ote ted crcl that The Paton Awocation of
Be “Ybak approve the report under discussion. Me, Cast was
Nested to 26 nolly the President of The Greater New York Fund

FOREIGN VISITORS

We continue our cooperation with the United States Departinents
of Sate and Justice in planning. Hinerasies and otherwise assisting
Site Team Toscign countries As an indication of the value of the
Mae oy orice the Association extends distinguished visitors, the
‘rRtwring quotation is taken from the Annual Report of the Indeter-
inte Seatences Board of the government of Victoria in Australia
“‘Rollowing. a visit abroad to inquire into_penal systems io
nglon Ewtope, and America, the Inepector General, Mr. A. B

Lookin Back ox 1952

Whatmore is advocating far-reaching changes in methods of
treatment in Victoria to bring this state into line with the most
modern methods.”

‘We worked in close range with Mr. Whatmore during his visit to
America ia 1951 and it is encouraging to note that his observations
and experience in this country is proving of value in his home area
Frequently time spent with visitors leaves one with doubtful feelings
but when official documents indicate the value of their visit the time
spent tums out to be worthwhile,

During the year we were host to a number of distinguished
foreign visitors from such countries as the Philippines, Puerto Rico,
Japan, Germany, England, Holland, Norway, Ttaly, Sweden and
Venezuela

CHICAGO HOUSE OF CORRECTION SURVEY

In response to the special invitation of Mayor Martin Kennelly of
the City of Chicago, the Association, in cooperation with The Ameri-
can Prison Association, was requested to conduct a survey of the 75
year old House of Correction, operated by the City of Chicago. Mr.
Wright spent two weeks in’June and July in the Chicago area,
observing’ the operations of ‘the institution and conferring with
various Chicago public officials and others concerned. The survey,
conducted also in cooperation with the United States Bureau of
Prisons, was designed to advise the Mayor's Commission on the
House of Correction on the expenditure of a four million dollar bond
issue which was voted by the people in June.

Following lengthy observation and several discussions with the
Mayor's Commission on the House of Correction, plans for the
expenditure of the money have now been approved. Mr. Wright's
and Mr. Alexander's report was followed closely with the exception
of their recommendation for the transfer of the majority of the
institution's activities to a farm site, The Commission has decided
to expend the money in the building of a new Youth Center and a
new dormitory for vagrants at the present site within the City of
Chicago, In addition to the two projects noted funds will be
fazended for the renovation of existing faites and other inci-
ental necessities.

ESSEX COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, SURVEY

In cooperation with the National Probation and Parole Associa
tion we are cooperating in a survey of the Essex County, New
Jersey, Penitentiary and Jail, the former Jocated in Caldwell and the
latter in Newark. This survey is attempting to discover the reasons
bichind the sudden increase in institution population and final report
will be made to the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Essex County.

Tue Prison Assoctatios oF New York

NATIONAL JAIL, ASSOCIATION FORUM

The National Jail Association, of which Mr. Wright is completing
his fourteenth year as Executive Secretary, conducted its sixth
regional forum on jail problems in Pittsburgh on May 22nd and
Bird. Attending were more than 125 administrators of local jails

fom Pennsylvania and surrounding ‘We cooperate with this
Association in endeavoring to
cedures in the operation of local confinement units,

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES CONFERENCE ON CORRECTION

On March 2st and 22nd Mr. Wright represented the Association
and the The American Prison Association at the annual Middle

Atlantic States Conference on Correction in Atlantic City. He
participated in the discussion and our attendance makes possible the
continuance of a long standing relationship with various regional
groups.

NORTH.WEST-CENTRAL WARDENS’ ASSOCIATION

At the expense of The American Prison Association Mr, Wright
attended this annual regional meeting of approximately thirty prison
wardens from the North-Central arca on May Ist and 2nd at Butte
Montana. Opportunity was afforded to visit the Montana State
Prison and on request the Association recorded with the Governor of
Montana suggested changes and improvements. Rither Mr. Cass or
Mr. Wright attend this mecting each year and it affords an oppor-
tunity for acquainting the delegates with the activities of The Prison
Association of New York and The American Prison Association and
makes possible our services in the form of general advice and
guidance,

CENTRAL STATES CORRECTIONAL CONFERENCE

In connection with the above mentioned trip Mr. Weight attended
the Central States Correctional Conference at the Hotel Sherman in
Chicago on May 4th, Sth, and 6th, and participated as a speaker at
fone of the general sessions, At that time he discussed in detail some
of the findings resulting {rom an investigation of the New Jersey
Prison riot and was enabled to spend two days at the TIlinois State
Penitentiary, Joliet. He also had opportunity to confer at length
with various correctional administrators,

NEW ENGLAND CONFERENCE ON CRIME PREVENTION

‘The Association was represented at the 13th Annual New England
Conference on Crime Prevention which was held at the Hotel Went:
worth, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, September 18h, 19th, and
20th. ‘Mr. Wright attended on behalf of the Association.

LooKine Back ow 1952 49

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN ENGLAND

Information came to the attention of the Assocation as of Decem-
ber Ist, 1982 relative to the marked increase in delinquency tates io
England and Wales. Insofar as juvenile delinquency sislf i com
ered, the total offenses in 1951 iumbered 75,857 ax compared with
S511 in 1938, Te should be noted that within the Bnteh, court
sracure persons under 17 qualify a5 juveniles, Likewise i was
Pointed oot that the dally average of prisoners i jal in Kagland sod
Wales has nearly doubled in the same period. In 1988 there were
086 persons in prison on an average day, with this igure jumpiey
to 20,474 in 1951 jis Si Rete lamnlng
NEW BALTIMORE crry JAIL

As a result of approval by the voters of the City of Baltimore on
November 4th of a bond issue amounting to $6,000,000, a new City
Jail will be constructed to replace the inadequate and outmoded
Structure now in use. An official committee composed of Baltimore
and Maryland residents has been appointed by the Mayor of Raiti-
more. We have been asked by two different sources; namely, one
presenting the Mayor’s Committee, and another representing a
Private organization in Baltimore, to give general advice and counsel
fon some of the basic problems involved, ‘This service on our part
will be conducted through conference and correspondence.

COMPENSATION WOMEN PRISONERS

For about 12 years Commissioner Schoenfeld acting f
: mer Schoenfeld, acting for the Sate
Comarission of Correction, erged that the pay for women in the
Polson Division of Westfield State Farm shotll be equal to tat or
men in indostrics in the other prisons. ‘This recommendation, has
also been carried by The Prison Association for legulatreconavlees
Yon. At the Commission meting on January 15th twas sated
the Deputy Commissioner, Mr. Leonard, that arrangements had beee
ade, and Executive Order by the Governor issued permitting tome
Pension to the women atthe rte of «minim of anda hark
smurf 309 a day with an average payment not to ekcced 209 ae
25¢. This is a decided step forward.

PAROLING OF SELECTED CASES

In the New York Times of July Sth there appeared a letter from
@ Harlem clergyman relative to the law requiring that parolees have
Gettified employment prior to release. The leiter indicated that
Fequests for job assistance received by this clergyman were always
referred to The Prison Association of New York. Mz. Cass later
discussed this matter with officials of the Division of Parole located
in the New York office and also in communication with Commis

50 ‘Tue Paso Association or New York

sioner Loos, Chairman of the Board. Mr. Cass’ letter made note of
our long interest in parole in New York State and referred also to

ation introduced in 1941, at our request, by Senator Desmond,
which would have amended the correction law $0 as to provide that
the Parole Board could use discretion in the release of inmates with
‘out specific employment, The bill passed both houses but was not ap-
proved by the Governor, Commissioner Loos replied under date of
August Sth, stating that representatives of the Board of Parole had
been in personal conversation with the clergyman in order to explain
the situation in detail. He also noted various projects over the past
few years which were geared to widening the area of employment
contacts for inmates. Commissioner Loos is particularly anxious to
secure funds for additional employment officers.

SLOANE HOUSE YMCA FORUM

‘On August 7th Mc, Wright addressed the weelly forum at the
Sloane House YMCA on West 34th Street. He was asked particu-
larly to comment on the prison riots and this was covered in con-
siderable detail

‘VISIT TO GREAT MEADOW PRISON

On September 15th Messrs. Shaw and Cass v
Prison at Comstock, New York, for purpases of observation a
interviews with certain prisoners. While the general housekeeping
Of the institution was found to be in good order Mr. Cass noted that
the degree of idleness was of concern to himself as well as to the
institution officials,

READER'S DIC

Daring the summer we were requested to consult with several
writers on the staff of the Reader's Digest engaged in compiling
material in the correctional field, It wil be recalled that we have
cooperated in this manner over the years with this publication.

As previously reported, the Association continues to give its serv

2s to the staff of the Reader's Digest and on December 8th further
conference was held with one of their officials. This cooperation is
desirable on our part because of the tremendous circulation of this
magazine together with their proven desire to treat the problem of
correction in a truthful manner.

MICHIGAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION

At the special invitation of the Michigan Probation and Parole
Association Mr. Wright addressed a luncheon meeting on September
26th at Detroit. ‘This trip was made without expense to the Associ-
ation. ‘The topic of his remarks was “Some Pot-shats at Penology”.

Looxins Bacx ox 1952 SL

NEWS WEEK MAGAZINE—SPECIAL 1S80E

Ja June, isl of No Wert Meparn agpaad w egies
ing tance inthe compilation of peta ae or el oS
Hon entitled Platform which is published by the News Week Clas
td Patina rca and Wich serves so hae or eee Ge
Sision by various orgaiation, Tk nas eee Gene othe
ie dentine i we Prison i pce fo in
etn eas rela une tele "IS Drea ee we
Do They Protect Us?". We 5 meidera saan
ot News Week
te foal Gpeweten ake

h noted in the publication, together
‘Mr. Wright.
TELEVISION PRODUCTION

‘We cooperated with the producers of the American Broadcasting

Company's TV production “Four Square Coust” which was shows

PROTESTANT MOTION PICTURE COUNCIL,

Mr, Wright was ivted to become an offi mation picture

‘picwer for ike Protestant Motion Pica Conall tinue

iy" those within the conection elds went re i

‘eure for dcaation thru the Say Te

Inde sce ns a8 “MY SEX CONVICTS? a S

ON BEACON”. WARE EAST
IANONAL coUNGmt or cxuRcnEs

Mr. Wright was clected chairman of the Commission on Ministry
in Institutions of the National Council of Churches of Great 2
the U, S.A. This Commission has a ts primary fiscion
tation of Protestane chaplain in the Federal pavons, sot

32 ‘Tue Prisow Associarion or New Yor

extending its work to the state council of chusches. The office
is fora wor year term Mi. Wei has been'a menber of ths

Commission since 1937,
COOPERATION WITH SOCIETY OF FRIENDS

At the request of two representatives of the Prison Committee of
one division of the New Jersey Society of Friends we conferred
length on problems relating to several New Jersey jails and gave
guidance as to how the Quaker group could be of service,

MOTION PICTURE PIIM-"any SIX CONVICTS?

\n February 21st Mr. Wright previewed a motion picture flim

1 SI CON sed on the book of the same tile, Since
ne boole was published carly im 1951 the Association has given
Consilerable time to dscassion of is content and reylstering. our
opposition to it asa statement of fact. This mater was reviewed in

it In his review of the film Mr. Wright ines
that the best thumbual review that could be given would be ia six
words; mamely, preposterous peuclogy, ridiculous rehabilitation, aud
Iimpossibe imprisonment. While the Aim has a certain entertainment
appeal itis unfortunate that the great body of motion picture public
wil, naturally, interpret it asa factual account of present-day
Denology rather than considering it as based on practits in vogue
tore than twenty years 3g0

REMARKS OF GUEST SPEAKERS

To ad othe interest and kale oF or Excetve Comite
the practice of inviting guest speaker to the smonthly necting was
again followed. ‘The knowledge and experience of these outstanding
fests identified with ‘variows activites intended Tor the Pable
Welfare is deBnitely. helpful

Remarks of Ralph W. Whelan, Executive Secretary,
New York City Youth Board

In introducing the speaker, Mr. Holter pledged the full support

in New York City. Noting that Mr. Whelan is a graduate of the
Boston College School of Social Work and formerly with the N:
Sonal Conference of Catholic Charities, and Catholic Charities of

the Archdiocese of New York, Mr, Holter indicated that he has
been Executive Secretary of the New York City Youth Board
since November, 1947,

‘Mr. Whelan outlined the conditions prevailing in New York

Lookin Back on 1952

City at the time of the establishment of the Youth Board, noting
that impetus for its establishment had resulted from various studies
initiated by the Governor of the State and carried on by inter:
departmental committees. The Elmira Reception Center and. the
New York State Youth Commission also resulted from these studies
The post-war problem of increasing juvenile delinquency and the
anticipation that the problem might get out of hand was largely
responsible for this wave of interest in the youth of New York State
The basic purpose of the State Youth Commission was to provide
funds and devise ways and means to prevent delinquency, With
some eight hundred communities now receiving funds from the
Youth Commission, the New York City Youth Board is, of course,
operating the most extensive delinquency prevention program ii
the State. ‘The Board receives $2,330,000 per year on a matching
besis; that is, one-half is received from the State through its Youth
Commission, and the City, through authorization of the Board of
Estimate, provides the other half. There is a rather complicated
formula for the allocation of funds by the State and is, roughly,
fon the basis of 25¢ for every person under twent wars of
age residing in the community. A thirteen man Board controls the
Policies of the New York City Youth Board and seven of its meme,
bers ate public oficials (heads of departments concerned in one way
or another with youth) and six lay members. Complete focus ie on
the prevention of delinquency and the general philosophy of the
Program is to reach out and help children before they become delin.
ents, or serions behavior problems

Mr. Whelan outlined several early projects which were carried
on by the New York City Youth Board as demonstrations of what
sould be done in high delinquency rate areas. In the summer of
1948 two such projects received considerable notice, one a concen
trated recreational program operating through fifteen police precincts,
and the other known as the Bronx Pilot project. ‘The latter way
Participated in by many citizens in the Bronx area and it will be
recalled that The Prison Association of New York assisted materially
in the planning and organization of this project,

At the present time the Youth Board's program is directed to
eleven areas of high delinquency in Greater New York. The funds
of the Board are concentrated in these areas through the operation
9f so-called referral units or what might be termed direction centers
These centers, staffed by professional personnel, operate in public
sed parochial schools, Youngsters presenting symptoms of tisbe
havior or who commit overt acts of delingwency are immediately
[ached by the units and their cases carried through for treatment
The Board has stressed the importance of home visite and insists
hat such visits be made on the part of its workers. They have
vonteacted with various private agencies located within these eleven

54 ‘Tue Parson Assocration or New York.

areas to process each such case, In addition, group work services are
available in each area with the recreation programs carried on largely
by the Board of Education.

‘Another of the Board’s projects is the continuance of the street
chib project administered originally by the Welfare Council of
New York City and conceived by The Prison Association of New
York. The Board now underwrites the expenses of forty street club
workers and is following the recommendations of the Welfare Coun
til’s Street Club project as published in report form several years ago,

In conclusion Mr. Whelan made reference to another important

he Board known generally as protective easework services.
Through this project workers go into the neighborhood areas and
make home visits where itis deemed necessary. The thinking bebind
this is that a great many families have serious problems relating to
the conduct of their children but are hesitant to secure professional
advice. Through the Department of Welfare these families are
reached, and while it takes considerable time to secure desired re
sults the Board is convinced that the project is worthwhile.
ieteen page mimeographed progress report of the activities
of the Youth Board was made available to those present.

Remarks of Herbert A. Philbrick, Former Undereover Agent
for the Federal Bureau of Investigation

Im introducing Mr. Philbrick to the Executive Committee Mr.
Holter paid him compliment for his services to the country over the
past ten years, noting that he had been a counter-spy for the Federat
Bureau of Investigation during that period as a member of the
Communist Party.

‘Mr. Philbrick, in opening the discussion, indicated that he had
‘known of The Prison Association of New York for the past fifteen
years, having first become acquainted with our work through his
affiliation with the Boston Council of Social Agencies.

“The remainder of his discussion which was considered as “off the
record” remarks was devoted to a résumé of his activity in a dual
ole as a member of the Communist Party and an attaché of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation, He was careful to make note of
the fact that he was never a full time paid FBI agent, He was
completely on his own, and while the government paid his expenses,
his was a voluntary service. During the nine year period irom
1940 to 1949, he held employment as an advertising man for a
motion picture company in New England and at the same time
attempted to live his personal life and a third life as a member of
the Communist Party. Mr. Philbrick stated that he rose higher
within the party organization than any other non-Communist yet
disclosed, He first became suspicious of Communist undercover

Looxine Back ox 1952 35

activities in 1940 when he had contact with what was then known as
ihe Cambridge Youth Council. When his suspicions were well
founded he immediately reported to the FBI and they, in
tur, urged him to continue his aflliation with the party. Toward
the end of his career, in 1947 or 1948, he was elevated as a member
of the “Pro-#” group which is one of the top policy-making units
fof the Communists, His identity was not disclosed until he was
fterally in the witness chair as a government witness in the tral
of the eleven top Communists before Federal Judge Harold Medina
in Apsi, 1949." His testimony and surprise ‘appearance did more
than anything else to bring about the conviction of these persons.

‘In 1982 Mr. Philbrick wrote a series of articles which appeared in
the New York Herald Tribune and which, in turn, were based on a
bool of the same title; namely, “I Led Three Lives,” published by
McGraw-Hill Book Company of New York. The book rose to
No, 5 position in the national best seller class and has been accepted
by two book clubs, including the nationally known Book-of-the
Month Club. He is now on the staff of the Advertising Department
of the New York Herald Tribune

Remarks of Hon. James B. Nolan, Sixth Deputy Commissioner,
Police Department, City of New York

Tn introducing Deputy Commissioner James TB. Nolan, Police
Department of the City of New York, former Police Commissioner
Mulrooney indicated that he had known our guest for more than
thirty years and had observed him in various capacities as a potice
officer. Commissioner Nolan rose through the ranks to his present
high position and Commissioner Mulrooney pointed out that he
was particularly interested in the speaker's present assignment as
commanding officer of the Juvenile Aid Bureau and Police Athletic
League because it was in his own period as Police Commissioner
in 1930 that the Juvenile Aid Bureau was inaugurated,

Commissioner Nolan expressed his pleasure at the opportunity of
discussing the work of the Ji’ 'p Aid Bureau with the members
of the Executive Committee, 1, proceeded to point out that police
administration generally is divided into two aspects; namely, the
repressive aspect and the preventive aspect. He also noted that
luring the years the most notable changes in police techniques
occurred under the repressive aspect heading, In other words, su
well known advances as the use of the two way radio, scientific
fethods of crime detection, personnel training, the use of police
laboratories, ete. are generally known to most taxpayers. The
Police departments, generally, according to Commissioner Nolan,
have been slower to accept the principles that crime prevention is
8 definite and extremely important function of any modern police

56 ‘Tux Prison Association or New York

department, He illustrated his point by making reference to a
discussion which he had at a recent police chiefs’ conference at
which he urged his colleagues in other areas to inaugurate crime
prevention units

Sketching briefly the development of the Juvenile Aid Bureau in
this City, Commissioner Nolan noted that the record indicates that
there was definite interest in crime prevention techniques as far
back as 1902 when a California police department set up a so-called
crime prevention «nit, In 1910 the New York Police Department
brought about a radical change in the method of recording juvenile
arrests, followed, in 1914 by the development of what was then
known as Junior Police, He also stated that in 1929 the then Police
Commissioner, Grover Whalen, authorized a study by 2 citizens
committee which resulted, in 1980, in. the establishmer
Juvenile Aid Bureau, Mz, Nolan made particular ref
the fact that Commissioner Mulrooney was largely responsible for
the establishment of the Juvenile Aid Bureau. Without Mr. Mul-
rooney's wholehearted stipport the Bureau would not have been
developed.

‘Mr, Nolan proceeded to discuss the general function of the Juvenile
Aid Bureau and made reference to the fact that every police officer
needs to be a crime prevention officer, All police officers in New
York are equipped with Juvenile Aid Bureau referral anil
hhave instructions as to how to make use of them in the event that
they are required to. arrest or detain juveniles. The Bureau itsel
is staffed by 210 male and female police officers, all of whom have
college degrees in the social sciences. A good part of their activity
is in the realm of social service and the Commissioner stated that
it is their policy to make home visits in order to determine the
various problems that may exist insofar as their cases are concerned.
At the same time he pointed out that they are not set up to doa
professional social casework job and they do not attempt to. How-
ever, they act as a referral agency and the first-hand relations
their officers, with children, has brought out many benefits

Commissioner Nolan noted that the Police Athletic League serviced
some 110,000 youngsters last year through various recreational and
settlement facilities. This program is administered by a paid staff
land operates on a budget of $800,000 annually. ‘The paid officals
fof the PAL are not members of the Police Department as such. He
stressed the point that the purpose of 1
to reach the unaflliated youngster and that recreational facilities
are used as a means of contacting children.

‘The Juvenile Aid Bureau and the Police Athletic League have
become integzal parts of the whole police program in Greater New
‘York and have won the respect and admiration of citizens and
social agencies in the area,

Lookinc Back on 1952 7

In concluding Mr. Mulroney expressed the thanks of the Exectt-
tive Committee for Mr. Nolan’s presentation and offered the
services of the Association at any time he felt we could be of
assistance.

Remarks of Hon. Rudolph Halley, President of
‘New York City Council

Mr. Hotter, in introducing the speaker, made note that Mr. Halley
was formerly’ counsel to the Truman Investigating Committee and
was also chief counsel in the recent so-called Kefauver hearings,

The speaker opened his remarks by indicating that the one prob
Jem on his mind at the present time, with relation to the City govern

involved money. ‘The searcity of funds for the operation of a
le size of New York and particularly the small amount avail-
crime prevention is of great concern. Mr, Halley pointed
out that, for example, prison guards of the New York City Depart-
ment of Correction were receiving a minimum wage and that it was
necessary for higher salaries to be paid before the City could ex
pect to attract trained and competent personnel

He indicated that the current budget is in the neighborhood of
$1,469,000,000 and noted that the 1953-54 budget would be increased
by several million dollars without any noticeable change in the
calibre of services resulting therefrom. In other words, the budget
of the future will total much more for exactly the same services
that are available under the present budget. Mr, Halley discussed at
length the main problems of administering the City government,
and indicated by way of example that the only starting point, oF

‘par for the course” in setting up the annual budget, is the preceding
year's budget. He attempted to point out that there was no method
available by which trained analysts could be brought into the picture
and no time available for a complete analysis of the budget iteclf.
The best that can be done, he indicated, was to take last year’s
budget as a standard and this, it can be seen, is not a scientific
method of approaching the problem,

The Couneit President also pointed out that the organization of
responsibility within the City government left much to be desired.
For example, there is complete lack of coordination between the
various City departments and agencies and far too many demands
4ipon the time of the Mayor. Each commissioner and department
head is responsible solely to the Mayor when, as a matter of fact
there should be Deputy Mayors or other professional persons be-
tween the Mayor and his department heads,

Following a general discussion of fiscal problems and a number
of off-the-recard comments, Mr. Halley answered questions,

In adjourning the meeting Mr. Holter again expressed appreciation
and gratitude for Mr. Halley’s presence,

‘Tue Prisow Association or New You

Remarks of Hon. Charles Horowitz, Deputy Mayor
‘of the City of New York

In presenting the Deputy Mayor, Mr. Holter noted the pleasure
of the Executive Committee in having the honor of his presence
and offered the full cooperation and backing of the Association in
the interest of improved correctional procedures within the New
‘York City Department of Corzection,

‘The Deputy Mayor extended the greeting and felicitations of
Mayor Vincent R. Impellitteri and extended his regrets at not being
able to be present himself. ‘The press of official business and the
State of the Mayor's health makes necessary the curtailment of
1a number of engagements. However, Mayor Impellitteri personall
made known to Commissioner Schoenfeld that he will make every
effort to meet with as at a latendate,

Mr. Horowitr recognized and praised the work of the Executive
Committee and the Association generally in the interest of correc:
tion in this area. He also paid compliment to Commissioner Schoen:
feld for his helpful cooperation with the Mayor's office.

Mr. Horowitz reviewed briefly the function and scope of the
New York City Department of Correction, noting especially the
close relationship of The Prison Association with Commissioner
‘Albert Williams and others in the Department of Correction. Accord
ing to Mr. Horowitz, the Department of Correction of the City
hhas jurisdiction and control of 38 places for the detention of p¢
awaiting trial or serving sentence, Eleven of these are major inst
tutions, such as the Penitentiary of the City of New York and New
York City Reformatory, He also pointed ont that the Departmet
hhag charge of detention pens adjacent to, the various courts at 27
different locations throughout the City. These detention pens serve
84 separate tribunals. Mr. Horowitz further noted improvement in
the personnel situation within the Department, pointing out that in
1945 the tatal of correction officers was 699 and that as of October 1,
1952, the total was 1,030. The over-all total of employees jumped
from 1,124 as of January 1, 1946 to 1,534 on October 1, 1952
Furthermore, the forty hour work week will soon be in proces
within the Department. The budget allowance for personal services
has increased three million dollars between 1945 and 1952.

Mr. Horowitz reviewed the status of plans for the City Prison
Remand Shelter in Brooklyn, pointing out that this project was
ready to commence as soon a5 capital outlay funds were available
Plans are also in process for a new City Prison and Court House
for the Borough of Queens, in addition to revision and expansion
of facilities at the Women’s House of Detention and the New York
City Penitentiary.

Tn adjourning the mecting Mr. Holter again expressed the grati-
tude of the Executive Committee to Mr. Horowitz and renewed

Looxinc Back ox 1952 59

the Association's offer of continued cooperation
official.

the City

Remarks of Hon. Irving Ben Cooper, Chief Justice,
Court of Special Sessions

During the introduction of Judge Cooper, Commissioner Mut-
rooney made note of his long identity with Judge Samuel Seabury
jn the investigation conducted in the early 'S0s. ‘The Commissioner
pointed out that the Judge was responsible for the preparation of
many of the more difficult cases involved in the investigation. He
further noted that Mayor LaGuardia appointed him a Magistrate
and, subsequently, designated him a Justice of the Court of Special
Sessions. He was re-appointed by’ Mayor O'Dwyer and. Mayor
Impellitteri appointed him as Chief Justice of this Court. Commis-
sioner Mulrooney further indicated that Judge Cooper is widely
known for his interest in community affairs, and has long enjoyed
an excellent reputation in court and civie circles, He is particularly
interested in probation and has done much to advance the cause
cof good probation generally and especially in his own court. He is,
recognized as one of the leaders in the probation field and has
appeared at a number of meetings of professional probation per-
sonnel in various sections of the country.

In opening his remarks Judge Cooper paid high compliment to
the achievements of Commissioner Mulrooney. He pointed out also
the great need for citizen participation on the part of people of
ihe City of New York and indicated that he was much encouraged
by the activities of The Prison Association in the interest of im-
proved institutional and court procedure.

Judge Cooper, on the basis of his fourteen years on the bench,
exiphasized that, generally speaking, the public is laboring under
‘the misconception that those in eriminal courts are perforce anti-
Social, insofar as their attitudes are concerned. To the contrary, the
Judge remarked, the great majority are decent law-abiding human
‘ieings who, for one reason or another, now find themselves in the
tout charged with all types of crimes except homicide. He stressed
the lack of attention to youthful offenders that come before his
court and contrasted court services with those given by hospitals,
In a vivid description of the individual before the court the Judge
Pointed up the analogy between the surgeon who perfortas an
operation and the elaborate post-operative care, with the services
of the court that fails to give adequate follow-up attention. He
Pointed out that the service of the court was equivalent to the ap-
plication of a band-aid in medical terms,

‘The probation staff of the Court of Special Sessions is so over-
loaded that each officer is required to handle at least fifteen times
‘more than the accepted standards provide. He noted that some of

0 ‘Tue Person Association or New YoR«

mask othe liveness of proaton he yi
ee teeta the question — Does probation work? Unfor
aaa ye edge. Cooper watt, 73% of thove caning 0
Late ao toushel by ig services because of an unbelievable
the cour are fucsfes and personal Im conckasion he ated thet
rates aay confrontation of imitations of the court, were
we tech soul of greater men than Your speaker” He
eno 1 dat the frustration in the feeling thatthe community
Boned et thant the services of the court made the task of the
are ne peach more dificult. 1542 he nod that there were
tc a L000 cases before. the Court of, Special Sessions
sea’ ater, in 1952, that mmber increased % 40,
Conmnioner Mulooney, ia extending his thal Judge

Cooper, pledged the wholehearted support of The
tion of New York,

Remarks of Dr. Ralph Brancale, Director Diagnostic Center,
Menlo Park, Nev Jertey
Mr. Hotter pointed ont nis introdvesion that Dr, Brancale was
(ee ane Etter of eaaeation and senior sina pry
{or may on Prison, Attica, New York, Later, according to Mr.
Wake De: Branca joined the staff of the Elmira Reception Center
se rae is senior poychiatret for some years. Dr. Brancale as
SH NEL ae Cotumbin University ard she Long Island College Medi
sr eANbal,wnere he received his medical degree in 1928, He was
rimaiy on te sell of Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn; Ballevue
formerly aw: York, and was-a consultant in’ neuro-pychiaty at
Hem itats in Elmira and the United States Veterans Hosp
rtpath ene York. He bolds mermbership in the American Payehi-
"Association and the American Board of Psychiatrists. Mr.
Heke ated tha he was recogni as wel balanced psychiats
raakgg fn extremely sensible Point of view, and that the Assoc
tion was Fortunate to have has a guest speaker
Dy, Brancale acknowledged the value of the work of the Asso
ciaten and then proceeded to develop briefly a general review of the

Looxine Bacx on I ol

development of psychiatry in this country over the past half century.

Following this he pointed out some of the lacks in psychiatric devel-

‘opment which could be placed at the doorstep of the field of psychi-
itself.

He indicated that, in his opinion, 30% of the average prison popu-
lation could be classified as psychopathic and noted that at least 109%

surrounded their psychopathic behavior by criminal
aets. In other words, the criminal act masks the psychopathic traits.
He pat much emphasis on the need for competency and training in
the field of psychiatry and noted the urgency for the broadening
of the concept that psychiatry must relate its service to other agen-
cies in the community and reduce its terminology to the level of
understanding by the fay public.

He raised such questions a¢—“Does_an individual's criminal
offense represent a pathological symptom?”, “If so, what does the
criminal act represent?”, “What is the inner process of a compalsion
that drives an individual to commit a certain erime?", "What is the
force or impulse that brings this about?”

He said that psychiatry, as such, has failed in educating various
allied agencies and particularly pointed out the courts.

Dr. Braneale then diseussed much of the work that he is directing
at the New Jersey Diagnostic Center, indicating that he was given
broad authority to conduct experimentation in new techniques re-
lating psychiatry to correctional treatment, He pointed out that
the war period developed a number of new procedures, including
the use of hypnosis, various forms of drug analysis, projected art,
the use of cathon dioxide gas and a new drag known as methedrine.
Tn using these, the speaker pointed out, reactions resulting therefrom.
are much different than reactions to usual oral therapy. He pointed
out that through the use of drugs and other new techniques informa-
tion could be secured within a brief period of time that would other-
wise take at least a six month or longer period, In this respect he
displayed caution, indicating that the new techniques should be used
only as helps for the individual and never as police measures. He
stressed the fact that a tnil such as the New Jersey Diagnostic Cen-
ter is open to all forms of community agencies and is not regarded

hygiene unit alone, While

ate's public institutions, its

as a unit of service to the community is its primary

Dr. Brancale noted that in New Jersey it is mandatory

for all sex offenders, including misdemeanants, to be processed by
the Center and that the findings of the Center, insofar as sex of-
fenders are concerned, are binding on the courts. This makes pos-
Sble the substitution of hospitalization for imprisonment in those
cases where mental defects have brought about the commission of

eo ‘Tre Puisow Association oF New York

now in State hospitals in New Jersey
rather than confined in prison eels
nad been no complaints received from
i the Center was high compli-

the crime, Some 200 men are
fas a result of sex offenses,
He added the fact that there
the courts in the three year life span o'
ment to its work.

In dosing Dr, Brancale extended an invitation to visit the Center.

THE ASSOCIATION'S BUREAUS OF SERVICE
Employment and Relief Burean

It is not too imaginative to assert the strong belief that the newly
discharged prisoner who has just been awarded his precious freedom
has won but a minor victory. The difficult struggle which be

him on the day of his incarceration will unfortunately project itself
cover and beyond his ultimate release, dogging him as he continues
to meet rejection and scorn at every turn, beset by skepticism and
prejudice. Much of the r ty falls to the employer who finds
himself in the hapless position of having to formulate a grave dé
sion that must in one way or another affect the long rough road to
rehabilitation. Doubt and fear on his part can quickly give rise to
an unsurmowntable wal, instantly separating him from the individual
who is secking his aid, but the very instant the employer will extend
a friendly hand the wall will crumble, laying wide open the long
road ahead. From there the individual can feel perfectly free to
go on, soon to establish himself in the community, assuming his
Fightful status as a self-supporting citizen, both respectful and
respected. To this employer we wish now to express our heartfelt
appreciation while to that other, may we be permitted to express
the hope that he may one day find it within himself to extend his
own friendly hand, thus furthering the efforts of The Prison As:
ation of New York in its dedication to parolees, discharged pris-
oners, and those men in various institutions awaiting release,

For the past eleven years the Employment and Relief Bureau has
been ander the able supervision of Mr, Harry Schwartz, who is
credited with nearly forty years’ experience in the field of crime
freatment and prevention in New York City. Mr. Schwartz’ activi-
ties include personal contact with employers, comprised of innumer~
able visits extending over a widespread area and representing equally
widespread fields, including commercial houses, factories, mills,
garages, Iaundries, stores, et cetera. We are pleased to report that
even where no actual employment materialized our represntative
nonetheless was accorded heartening welcome and co-operation.

Employment, however, is but one service out of the many to
which the Bureau dedicates itself. Hundreds of applicants come to
lis every year, each seeking the proper solution to his singular prob-
lem, while nearly the same number present problems which require
individual analysis and treatment, all im addition to personal advice
and guidance. The more frequent problems which confront us
clude financial stress ; inadequacy of proper clothing ; lack of shelter;
the need for transportation fees to job locations ; proper tools; union
dues, fees, et cetera, Where necessary, the Bureau will grant tem-

(631

ao ‘Tue Passon Association or New Youre

ary financial assistance and meanwhile will outline 2 plan for
Bee apotlants immediate future, In other eases, where the applicant
re eee Gupsivel of means of sell-support either by temporary i
PSior permanent inemity, the Bureau wil Tend its best asi
ae agh through Ue evtical period of readjustment, Our other
saosin nla the contacting of families and fiends of applicants,
tagulher with reerrate to the proper wellare agencies equipped ‘0
cee caves requing permanent ail Tong range fmancal suppor.

“The Mureau fecenes'a number of fequests for employment {rom
mann various isttatons who are eligible for parole or who are to
be considered for parole and who require bana ie jo offer fo be
Spprovel by the Board of Parole aller carefel investigaion, ‘We
Teie determined efforts to secure jobs for as many as possbi

"The folowing cases are indicative of the ype that meet our best
expectations.

ND, K Although only twenty-five years of age this young
aman nad been arvesed upon sie liferent occasions. At the time
Br'his parle it was imperative that Ree granted a job with
Shaty Boqeate Yo suppor his wife ard fo children, Our
Selenite was fortunate enough fo locate just the right
J for BK who has been happily employed in the same
Hiace at business for nearly one ear now and doing excel
ror

“rw. R.A second offender, this young man had been co
nied for Sed degree rovbery and tentenced fo term of to
Seats, which he served in exemplary fashion. During his i
XGtceration his wite appeaied for eroployient. whereby” she

ould be able to ate for ther young child. Our representative
Smnmediatly cbtined a ob for this grateful young woman, an
Ber which oes: deeply appreciated by W. Re who found
aitioe "to serve fis sentence once this responsiblity had. beet

fitted, ‘Upon his release sur representative was able to pee
Hits wtl'arelble, arm where he has proved fisef mos
meclenious snd wing, His wife has left her job and now
fae sehumed her house tie and all vee members ofthis
family are enjoying a nora, wll adjusted Iie

Visits to New York City Prison

ion is proud of its long standing practice of making
contact with those confined in the City Prison, Manhattan, charged
(with or convicted of crime, Prisoners who are troubled or otherwise
Out of contact with friends and family very often write and request
fn interview. In this segment of our work we are proud to acknowl

The Associ

All wames and initiate aro Gotitious.

‘Tue Association's Bureaus or Service 65

edge the excelent co-operation of Warden Herman. J. Ruthazer of
the Gly Prison and members of his staf
“This form of service has proved invaluable in protecting prisoners
from designing persons. and. preventing exploitation is time, of
trouble. This 16 particularly true regarding legal services and it
fay been our privilege to Tefer to the Criminal Courts Branch of
the Legal AK! Society those prisoners who are without funds, thus
feling confident that they will recive the best Tegal guidance and
Tt is our practice and custom to present a few excerpts from the
intresting eters submited by applicants in expresein of appreca:
tin for the aid they have received, ‘There are a great number of
te ete all varying widely appearance and composition
tude are concerned. 7S SE OF ee
From *L, P's wonderful letter... “mere words cannot ex-
prose my flings how very grateful i am to you for your hel
and Kindness when T-nceded it most, . If i werent for you
Tivos probably be in
SN. Le writes "Thank you for what you did for me when
Twas down. May God bless you and yours. Things are working
out very well”
DB. G's mother says in part... "T wish to thanke you for
your help and concern in fegard to my ron, You have sade
Er possible for him to come home sooner, T guess you know
What this means to me, his mother. T sincerely appreciate wha
you've done for ue, Bay God be with you in all you undertake,
“ER... “Please alow me to express my gratitude, and
also say that "your consideration and actions ia my behalf are
ally appreciated and that it is my sincerest desire to prove
that your endeavors in my behalf were not wasted
Fiom * E.-. “T recived your fetter in which T was in-
formed of your success in obtaining a postion for me. I am
therefore writing this Iter to thank you for your haste in
coming to my aid. “Prathally speaking. 1 reatly do not know
how to begin. Ido know, though Isha always be indebted fo
you and your organization... Being that Tam unable to had
Ruficient "words to express my exact appredation I eave my
‘And from an offcal of the New York City Youth Board
we received this heartwarming letter: “I would like to express
this ‘ageney’s appreciation for your co-operation, and 1 hope
that ‘we shall be privileged to request the services of your
agency in the furore”

Ait panes and initials are fctitios.

6 ‘Tae Prison Association or New Youic

Statistics for Employment and Relief Bureau for 1952

ride Uy portal villa (approximain)

aa
ae
anavy service READ
«192 te Party Servite Barna Has ge theo

Lovejoy, director of the Family Service Bureau, the waiting root
Laas, eon of he Ce cand chub ben aed
peering er a fa ih tg, ger andSiory Dos
wae eothee momers fredy relate their problems to the social worke
i seo a cue Eien aad tube Nt
the apart fa ere ans pute free
Fe en eo Mny tines rcemae xpreaed
Ba has en reeves Foc te Tamiy Sevier
a ee Ome tne imps foe
sau tee oe
embave, the po
ole Pose

toning oF value. Tt is because something bas

Service Bureau is to help
to learn how to help

‘Tue Assoctation’s Buzeaus oF Sexvice 07

the values, not to life. Values result from valuing and different
persons in different social circumstances value different things.

In the different choices which life is constantly offering, men show
their order of values by what they are willing to pay or sacrifice
for what they consider the greater good. Frequently wives will
deprive themselves of food to keep a husband furnished with
cigarettes and other needs. Wives will say, “I can’t go and visit
empty handed.” As long as men and women are capable of any
desizes and satisfactions life has potential value for them. ‘This is
the best type of rehabilitation and the greatest service which can
be rendered to society,

Ja the Family Service Bureau one sees in wives and mothers @
staunch faithfulness to their men, It seems that regardless of what
prisoner's offense may be, in the eyes of those who love them
nothing matters! This is seen in the young as well as in the more
mature individuals. Many home fires are kept burning at great
sacrifices by the wives and mothers for the sake of the one who
some day will return,

‘The Family Service Bureau aids prisoners’ wives and children
regardless of race, creed, or color. We feel that everyone's story
should be heard. ‘A gap’is filled between the court room and the
(otal mental oblivion into what appears, especially to young wives,
asa “big void” in space. The social worker becomes a bridge to a
place to sleep that night and an assurance of meals until a permanent
plan can be worked out for a mother with children. Landlords and
merchants take advantage of women, inexperienced and young.
When they find that the husband has been imprisoned some have
the family either evicted, or embarrassed by unkind neighbors
It may be that a school does not understand why there is a change
in the discipline of a worried child,

Mrs. *R, a pregnant and harassed mother, was stiddenly given
‘an eviction notice when the landlord heard that the husband had
teen removed from the home. Several times he shut off the water
and gas in the house. With four children and one expected, Mrs. R
had found herself a job but this did not help as her salary was too
‘ov to pay for care and supervision of her youngsters. The Family
Service Bureau made plans for shelter. Money was given to this
family for a lengthy period to pay for nursery fees.

Mrs. *T, a stranger in New York City and an orphan who had
been ins an ‘institution all her childhood, suddenly found herself with
young infant alone, The husband needed funds after coming out
of the army and had taken a drink too many and on a dare had
held up a hotel. She was living in a wretched furnished room with

daylight and shared a community kitchen with twenty other

“All names and initials are fottion

8 Tue Parson Assocration or New York

quarrelsome families, most of whom were narcotic addicts or aleo-
holies. Unable to sleep for many weeks due to a psychotic woman
beating on her bedroom wall all night, Mrs. *T became discouraged
and attempted suicide. The Family Service Burea made arrange
ments for the placement of the infant and the mother was given
psychiatric care. Plans were made to have Mrs. *T live under dif
ferent cizcumstances and go to work. At night she called for her
infant and with the help of the Family Service Bureau was able
to get a day off to go and visit her husband. Continued help has

Sig,»

destroyed her home, Mrs. *C lost most of her house

hold equipment. She was the mother of ten children ranging io
age from two to fifteen years. The older children were in an inst
tution waiting for the miother to find a permanent home,
had been in the City Shelter with the younger ehildren f

he Family Service Burea Was instrumental in bringing
the family together and rehousing them

Mrs. *S, unable to feed her two small children, was referred
to the Family Service Bureau at the time she decided to abandon
them, The mother did not have the capacity to go several days in
succession to the Department of Welfare, Her dizzy spells were
So frequent that she fainted easily. She had been picked wp twice
by an ambulance that week and returned home in need af cae
‘The Family Service Bureau gave emergency assistance and a long
term plan was made for the family, The mother was hospitalized
and the children were sent to relatives,

Our camp program continues to send mothers and children ovt
of town during the hot weather.

As has been the custom of the Bureau for many years, enough
money was given so that a festive Christmas dinner was provided to
take place in every prisoner's home on our active list. Toys were
given the children. Several families reported that the money given
for festivities was used for necessities. One woman sent a letter
and said, “You made it possible for me and my children to have &
real happy Christmas. We all needed shoes and your generous st
of money even helped so that we could buy overshoes for mysel
and with the zest of the money we bought a leg of lamb, Thank ya
again.”

The following is a letter reccived from one

Dear Mrs. Lovejoy

T felt T just had to write you this letter telling you how wor-
derful your organization is and how speaking to you make:
fone feel that there is someone who understands, Thank yoo

ur eases

All names end initials ere fettious

‘Tne Assoctation’s Boxraus or Service oo

ot er gine ety e

: Flan el MER Che

Hy Sa Fr Mer i

wishes to you, ink you is in my heart a just had to

write you this letter, * ici mae
—

Statistics for Family Service Bureau for 1952
Eemilies under supervision January 1, 1952

er canon mace
Gatto" reopened SESE

Tole! mumber of eases under su
Casoe clase ees

ere tad top
pe i

Tie TM oes wot include In
les nad nstittiona,

mumierabie telephone contacts with agencies, fami

LEGISLATION—1952

During the 1952 session of the New York State Legislature the
Association continued its practice of recording its support or disap-
proval of bills within its sphere of interest, ‘This would include legis-
lation affecting juveniles, adolescents and adults who are in danger
of becoming delinquent or criminal ar who are charged with delin
‘quency or crime and who are in custody in ane form or another by
direction of a court. In other words the Association continues a8
it has for over one hundred years to be concerned about juvenile
delinquency and crime and the effect of such conduct upon the
welfare of the community. The Association makes personal repre.
sentation at Albany, addresses communications to the various com

Tt has a legislative service that enables it to
are being introduced and what action is taken on
them from day ta day during the session. It is gratifying to note
throughout the years that the opinions expressed by the Associz~
tion for or against bills are respected and appreciated by not only
members of the Legislature but the Governor's office as well,

Tt should be of interest to our readers to know that ducing the
1952 session there were introduced in the Senate 2,975 bills, and
in the Assembly 3,339. Many of these bills are duplicates in that
it is the common practice to have the same bill introduced in both
houses and, as a matter of legislative procedure, it is required that
a ill, after consideration by a committee in both houses, must receive
the approval of both houses before the Bill can be submitted to the
Governor for his consideration. There were also introduced in the
Senate 143 resolutions and in the Assembly 181. A total of 1,209
bills reached the Governor and of this number he approved 835 and
vetoed 374, OF the number vetoed 176 were Senate bills and 198
Assembly bills, There were also proposed amendments to the Consti-
ation to be submitted to the Legislature of 1983. Tn this group
8 were passed by the Legislature of 1951 and transferred to the
Secretary of State, 14 were passed by the Legislature of 1952 and
transmitted to the Secretary of State.

‘The Prison Association of New York gave attention to 87 bills,
‘of which we approved 41 and opposed

APPROVED BILLS

Hailed to reach the Governor. n

‘Wetood by the. Governors. fetes

Signed by the Governors 22.) 2
a

Legrst.ation—1952

OPPOSED RILLS

Hailed to reach the Governor.
Vetoed by the Governor:
Signed by the Governor:

Approved

Cunomic Atcoxorics, Senate Int. 3, Pr. 3: Establishes a program
under supervision of Mental Health Commission, in cooperation
with the Departments of Health and Mental Hygiene. Inchides
public and private agencies and authorizes a study in conjunction
therewith and also makes an appropriation. Chapter 354.

Nancorics, Senate Int. 106, Pr. 106: Assembly Int, 18, Pr. 15:
Continues study of narcotic problem. Attorney General authorized to
continue with the aid of Government departments and private agen-
cies a comprehensive study relating to the evaluation of law enforce-
‘ment, penal and rehabilitative procedures and the subject of adequate
control of narcotics and their use, ete. Chapter 9.

New You Stave Caner Conartssion, Senate Int. 201, Pr. 224
Assembly Int, 93, Pr. 211; Budget bill makes deficiency appropria-
tion. Chapter 1,

Cuxriricatss oF Goo Coxpucr vox PanoLtes, Senate Int, 227,
Pr. 229: Assembly Int. 255, Pr. 256: Amends the executive law, in
relation to granting certificates of good conduct by the Board of
Parole. Chapter 346,

Susrexsion of Sewrewce, Senate Int, 271, Pr. 273: Assembly
Int. 267, Pr. 268: Amends the penal law in relation to suspending
Seitence, suspending execution oF judgment and probation. Chapter

Naxcorics, Senate Int. 273, Pr 1690: Assembly Int. 266, Pr.
2119: Amends the penal law in relation to violations of public
Inealth law with respect to narcotic drugs. Chapter 414,

Nancorics, Senate Int, 274, Pr. 276 Int, 268, Pr, 266:
Amends the penal law in relation to punishment of third offenders
Under laws relating to narcotic drugs. Chapter 22.

Nancortes, Senate Int. 276, Pr. 3485: Assembly Int, 268, Pr.
M41: Amends the public health law in relation to providing for
seizure and forfeiture of vehicles, vessels or aircraft used to conceal,
convey or transport narcotics in violation of law. Chapter 415.

R ‘Tue Prisos Ascoctation or New Yore

Apoescent Davo Users, Senate Int. 277, Pr. 279: Assembly
Int, 270, Pr. 271: Amends the public health Taw in relation to pro
viding for the compulsory caze, treatment, guidance and rehabilita
tion of adolescent drug users. Chapter 8,

Licenses 0 Canny Pisrors, Senate Int. 288, Pr. 290: Assembly
Int, 328, Pr. 329; Amends the penal law in relation to the expiration
date of licenses to carry pistols and revolvers in the City of New
York. Chapter 638,

Caance or Tere — Prison Gvanps, Senate Int. 315, Pr. 317
Assembly Int, 820, Pr. 823: Amends civil service law in relation to
change of title of prison guards in the Department of Correction
Failed of passage.

Gants’ Test Count, Senate Int, 432, Pr. 1503: Assembly Int. 494,
Pr, 495: Amends Chapter 716 of the Laws of 195) establishing
for the City of New York a court for girls 16 to 21 years of age
Chapter 548,

Discaance on Return of Woxen, Senate Int. 437, Pr. 2788:
Assembly Int, 330, Pr, 2916: Amends the New York City Criminal
Courts Act in relation to the discharge or return for re-sentence of
persons committed to reformatories for women. Vetoed.

Marnons 18 County Jails, Senate Int. 713, Pr. 721: Assembly
Int, 763, Pr. 768: Amends the county law in relation to appoint
ment of matrons in counly jails. Chapter 745,

Potice Reconns—Detinquant Cuiupeen, Senate Int. 715, Pr
2787: Ascembly Int, 754, Pr. 2922: Amends the Children’s Cow
‘Act of the State of New York in relation to police record of arrests
and disposition of cates of delinquent children. Vetoed,

Yourmrer Oreeseus, Senate Int. 739, Pr. 747: Assembly Int
2926, Pr. 3071: Amends the code of eriminal procedure in relation
to the age of youths who may be adjudged youthful offendes.
Failed of passage.

Yournrun Oveesneas, Senate Int, 740, Pr. 748: Amends the
code of criminal procedure in relation to deletion of records ani
Gestruction of fingerprints of youthful offenders. Failed of passage.

Yourneut Orrennens, Senate Int, 741, Pr. 749: Amends
code of criminal procedure in relation to the effect of an adjudice
tion as a youthful offender. Vetoed.

Lecistation—195 73

Yoursrut Orvenpers, Senate Int. 742, Pr. 750: Assembly Int
207, Pr. 3072: Amends the penal law in relation to sealing the
record of conviction, fingerprints and photographs of certain re
habilitated youthful offenders. Faited of passage.

Yourm Coxneciox Avrsonrry, Senate Int. 743, Pr. 781:
Amends the consolidated laws to provide Chapter 67-A ‘to establish
a youth correction authority. (Approved in princifle.) Failed of
passage.

AutowaNces To Counset, Senate Int. 834, Pr, 847: Ascembly
Int, 1149, Pr, 1165: Amend the code of criminal procedure in rela~
on to allowances to counsel assigned to represent defendants where
the offense charged in the indictment is punishable by death. Failed
of possage.

Lire Sentences, Senate Int, 1224, Pr. 1274: Assembly Int. 1437,
Pr, 1465: Amends the penal law in relation to the capacity to sue of
persons sentenced to imprisonment for life. Chapter 167.

Smemurr’s Expenses, Senate Int, 1282, Pr, 1332: Assembly Int
1505, Pr. 1530: Amends county law in relation to payment of
expenses of a sheriff in the transportation of prisoners, Chapter 759.

ox—Counry Jans, Senate Int, 1284, Pr. 1334

Suenn’s Cu
Assembly Int. 1506, Pr. 1540: Amends the correction law in relation
to sheriff's custody of county jails. Chapter 400,

Porice Recoups—Drtinguent Cumonex, Senate Int, 1412, Pr.
8125: Assembly Int. 755, Pr. 2021: Amends the domestic relations
‘ourt act of the Cily of New York in relation to police records in

cases of delingutent children. Vetoed,

Nanconies, Senate Int, 1849, Pr. 1961: Assembly Int. 2918, Pr.
3063: Amends the vehicle and traffic law in relation to operation of
‘olor vehicles or motoreycles by habitual drug «sers or while under
influence of drugs. Failed of passage.

Recipaocat, Assistance Fine Ficntine Forces, Senate Int
2036, Pr. 2169: Assembly Int, 2429, Pr, 2554: Amends the correction
Jaw in relation to reciprocal aid and assistance by State institutional
‘and loeal fire fighting forces in cases of fire and other public emer-
‘gencies, Chapter 396,

Seuvice o¥ Uxexeiney Sentences, Senate Int, 2054, Pr. 2187:
sembly Int, 2427, Pr, 2552: Amends correction law in relation to

7 Tue Paisox Assoctation or New York

service of unexpired sentences following commission of @ felony
while on parole. Vetoed.

Enpawarsic Morats oF A Cump, Senate Int. 2089, Pr. 3456:
Amends the penal law in relation to punishment for endangering
morals of @ child upon conviction for second offense. Failed of
passage.

Awnuat Revorts Invoivina Sex Orrenpens, Senate Int. 2068,
Pr, 2196: Amends the correction law in relation to annual report by
the Commissioner of Correction in cases involving sex offenders
Veloed.

, Senate Int, 2216, Pr, 2368: Assembly Int. 2541, Pr
2666 th n relation to the teaching of the
nature and dangers of narcotics and habit-forming drugs. Chapter
413.

Nancortcs, Senate Int, 2313, Pr. 2468: Assembly Int. 2696, Pr.
2763: Amends the public health law in relation to reports by phys:
dans of persons addicted to the use of narcotic drugs. Chapter 632

Prrsowt Orvicer Tartine Scrtoots, Senate Int. 2348, Pr. 2500.
Assembly Int, 805, Pr, 810: Amends the correction law in relation
to the establishment of prison officer training schools, Failed of
passage.

Survoxr or Cearans Prisoners, Senate Int, 2652, Pr. 2808
Assombly Int, 3208, Pr, 3367: Amends the correction law in relation
to the support of certain prisoners as a county charge. Chapter 596

RexasitiraTion ov Crerany Paisoweas Convicren oF FSLoNts
‘Senate Int. 2792, Pr. 2981: Amends the code of criminal procedure
in relation to the rehabilitation of certain persons convicted of
felonies or misdemeanors in the State of New York. (Approved i=
principle.) Failed of passage.

Compensation —Menmnens of Comatission or Connection, Ser
ate Int, 2842, Pr. 3031: Assembly Int, 3237, Pr. 3396: Amends the
correction law in relation to the compensation of members of the
Commission of Correction, Chapter 575.

Nancories, Assembly Int. 264, Pr. 1716; Senate Int. 272, Pr
1148; Amends penal law in relation to sale of hypodermic
and hypodermic needles and possession of such instrumen
others adapted for the administration of narcotic drugs. Chapter 91

Laorstation—1952 7

Nancontcs, Assembly Int, 268, Senate Pr, 3459; Amends the
public health law in relation to providing for seizure and forfeiture
of vehicles, vessels or aireraft used to conceal, convey or transport
narcotics in violation of law. Chapter 415.

Potics Reconns—Dstiguent Cumparn, Assembly Int. 755,
Pr, 2921: Senate Int. 1412, Pr, 3125: Amends the domestic relations
court act Of the City of New York in relation to police records in
cases of delinquent children, Vetoed.

Discastionary Repuction op Deviwrre SeNTENcES—CERtAIN
Paisonens, Assembly Int, 2191, Pr, 2279: Amends the penal law in
relation to eligibility for parole and discretionary reduction of defi-
nite sentences for certain prisoners convicted of burglary or robbery.
in the first degree or attempts to commit such crimes as second or
third offenders. Vetoed.

Fincevmnyrine oF Att Crnzens, Assembly Int, 2519, Pr. 2644:

Requires all citizens of the State to be fingerprinted, providing the

method therefor, establishing the Division of Civilian Identification
in the Department of Correction, and making an appropriation there-
or. (Approved in principle.) Failed of passage.

Opposed

Comramaunrr oF Brusinsaxing, Senate Int, 31, Pr. 31: Assembly
Int. 20, Pr. 20: Amends the correction law to prohibit the making of
brushes in any State prison, penitentiary or reformatory for the
State or any political division thereof or for any public institution
ovned or managed and controlled by the State or any such political
division except ‘such brush-making as may be required to supply
brushes for use in the State correctional and State charitable insti
‘utions. Failed of passage.

Nancotics, Senate Int. 228, Pr. 280: Amends the penal law in
lation to violations of the public health law with respect to punish-
rent for the barter, sale, or exchange of narcotic drugs. Foiled
of passage,

Nancottes, Senate Int. 275, Pr. 277: Assembly Int. 269, Pr, 270:

Amends the education Taw in'relation to the teaching

of the nature
and

dangers of alcoholic drinks, narcotics, and habit-forming drugs.
Foiled of passage.

Nancottes, Senate Int, 372, Pr. 374: Assembly Int, 481, Pr. 482:
Amends the penal law in rélation to the punishment for selling

76 ‘Tux Prison Assocration or New Yor

narcotic drugs to persons actually or apparently under the age of
twenty-one, Failed of passage.

Sate or Hyronematie Svarnces ano Neepiss, Senate Int, 373,
Pr, 2516: Amends the public bealth law in relation to the sale of
hypodermic syringes and needies. Failed of passage

Niaur Courts or Women, Senate Int. 374, Pr. 376: Assembly
Int. 480, Pr, 481: Amends the New York City Criminal Courts Ac
in relation to night courts. Failed of passage.

Pomisnotet vor Muaper Fiast Drange, Senate Int, 385, Pr
487, stembly Int, 478, Pr. 479: Amends the penal law in relation
to murder first degree. Fuiled of passage.

Rerorts Concernina Peasons Rucenvixs Punic Assistance
Senate Int, 429, Pr. 432: Assembly Int, 532, Pr. 533: Amends the
eral welfare law in relation to reports concerning persons receiving
public assistance and care, Failed of passage.

Cavin Sexvicr, AprorsTMENTS AND Puostotions, Senate Int, 465
Py 468: Assembly Int, 607, Pr. 608: Proposes an amendment to
Acticle V of the Constitution in relation to civil service appointments
ANd repealing Section 6 of such Article relating thereto. (Thi
salates to veterans’ preference and is an attempt to nullify by repeal
The approval by the people of Section 6 of Article V.) Fai
of passage.

Remipuxseaent oF Counties ror CONVEYING Parsonens, Senate
Int. 664, Pr, 672: Assembly Int. 401, Pr. 402: Amends the correction
: fate reimbursement of expenses incurred oy
conveying prisoners to State prisons. Failed

law in relation to
counties and citi
of passage.

Narcortes, Senate Int, 719, Pr. 727: Amends the penal law in
relation to sale of narcotic drugs to minors. Failed of passage.

arn on Disantsry_ Bangers Reronwarone aN Par
Fe oe een aie Pes aids cvembly Dnt 1080, Pe
Brasorstis Seite eo in enon to death dsb
B58: Amen ete and employers an State prison, efor
bene Sefarinent of Correction Foled of Pasage

Lianranox or Hazan, Prsson Orcins, Sonate Tut. 859, Pr
ere fatty Te. 728, Pr, 733: Amends the general cunicipal ne
Bessatse'ty drowiting certain standards forthe Timitation of hazard

Lectstariox—1952 7

snd appointment of prison officers in departments of correction in
tities of the State, Failed of passage.

CerrisicatioN—Quatisie Psycitarnist, Senate Int, 898, Pr
1496: Ascembly Int. 1028, Pr. 1038: Amends the mental hygiene law
in relation to the certification of a qualified psychiatrist, Vetoed.

AYourus Courr mm tux Sate, Senate Int, 919, Pr. 932: Assem-
bly Int, 1151, Pr. 1167: Establishes a youths court in the State of
New York for the disposition of cases involving minors between the
ages of 16 and 19, defining the jurisdiction, powers and duties of
sich court and regulating procedure therein. Failed of passage:

Deriwrtiox, Yournrur Orrenpur, Senate Int. 939, Pr. 969:
Amends the code of criminal procedure in relation to the definition
of the term “youthful offender”, Failed of passage.

Srawpaans oF Woaxine Hours axp Duries, Consecrion O7¥1-
cans, Senate Int. 940, Pr. 970: Assembly Int. 1627, Pr. 1661

Amends the correction iaw in relation to providing certain standards
for the hours of and duty and overtime duty compensation of peni-
rntiary guards and correction officers employed by the political sub-
uivisions of the State. Failed of passage.

Parte Supervision, Ceetary Sex OrrENpens, Senate Int, 1008,
Pr 1038: Assembly Int. 1157, Pr. 1173: Amends correction law in
relation to extending and providing for continuation of parole super-
vision over persons hereafter convicted of sex offenses involving
thildren, Failed of passage.

Wanpew me Cirarct, Senate Int, 1036, Pr. 3372: Assembly Int
1091, Py. 1105: Amends the administrative code of the City of New
York in relation to requiring that certain penal institutions under

visdiction of Department of Correction be in charge of a warden,
Foiled of passage.

Punisnmens, Anson, Senate Int. 1042, Pr. 1072: Assembly Int
1283, Pr. 1272: Amends the penal law to make the committing of the
me of arson in any degree punishable by death. Failed of passage.

Inapsisemicrty of Cerrar Conressions, Senate Int, 1152, Pr.
1186; Amends the code of criminal procedare in relation to the
inadmissibility of certain confessions, Failed of passage.

Comsnsation, Guanps, Senate Int. 1527, Pr. 1605: Amends
correction law in relation to the compensation of penitentiary guards

B ‘Tare Puison Assocration or New York

and correction officers employed by the civil divisions of the State
Foiled of passage.

Quatavicatsons, ArronTuENT, Guanns AND Keepers, Senate
Int. 1536, Pr. 3327: Assembly Int. 1623, Pr. 3615: Amends
correction law in relation to the qualifications to be required
appointment as guard, keeper or correction offic itentiaries
or departments of correction of municipalities. Failed of passage,

Nancorics, Senate Int, 1614, Pr. 1700: Amends the public health
law in relation to providing for the compulsory care, treatment,
guidance and rehabilitation of narcotic drug users, Failed of passage,

Canes Our or Stare Witte ox Parott, Senate Int. 1786, Pr.
1895: Assembly Int. 2063, Pr. 2139: Amends the correction law in
relation to crimes committed outside the State while on parole or in
violation of conditions annexed to discharges. Failed of passage.

UNLAWFUL Possession Buxciar’s Toots aNp Finzasats, Senate
Int, 1876, Pr, 1988: Amends the penal law in relation to unlawful
possession of burglar’s tools and firearms. Failed of passage.

Transrerunc oF Cretan INatatzs rom Wesrrieip Stare
Fauat, Senate Int. 2087, Pr. 2170: Assembly Int. 2428, Pr, 2853
‘Amends the correction law in relation to the transfer to the Albion
State Training School of certain female inmates of Westfield State
Farm. Failed of passage.

Nancorics, Senate Int, 2544, Pr. 2711: Assembly Int, 3090, Pr
3235: Amends the public health law creating a division of narcotics
control in the state department of health. Failed of passage.

RemantLirarton Cuwrens ror ALcouOLtes, Senate Int, 2717, Pr.
2906: assembly Int. 821, Pr. 322: Provides regional rehabilitation
centers for alcoholics to be under direction of the state department
of health. Failed of passage.

Cenreat, Your Tea Macisreates Counts, Assembly Int. 132,
Pr, 132: Senate Int, 937, Pr. 967: Amends the New York City
Criminal Courts Act in relation ta authorizing and providing for the
establishment of a Central Youth Term of the City Magistrates
Courts and with jurisdiction over youthful offenders. Failed of
passage.

Devnerrion Yoururur. Orrenpen, Assembly Int, 133, Pr, 133)
Amends the code of criminal procedure in relation to the definition
of the term “youthful offender”. Failed of passage.

Learstation—1952 79

Fetony, Muxnen, Assembly Int. 134, Pr. 134: Amends the penal
law in relation to recommendation by jury. Failed of passage.

Nanconies, Assembly Int. 373, Pr, 374: Amends the code of
criminal procedure in ‘relation to proceedings respecting narcotic
twsers or addicts. Failed of passage,

Nancomes, Ascembly Int, 375, Pr. 376: Amends the penal law
in relation to the sale of narcotic drugs to persons under 19 years
of age. Failed of passage.

Pecony, Moxpen, Assembly Int, 414, Pr, 415:Amends the penal
Jaw in relation to recommendation by jury. Failed of passage.

Smectat Granp Jumiss, Assembly Int, $89, Pr. 3353: Amends
the code of criminal procedire, the judiciary lav, and the executive
law in relation to special grand juries in certain counties. Failed
of pessage.

Hyroveraie Svainces ano Nrepies, Assembly Int, 637, Pr.
226: Amends the penal law in relation to the sale of hypodermic
syringes and hypodermic needles, Failed of passage.

Nancories, Assembly Int. 642, Pr. 1717: Amends the penal law
in relation to prohibiting the growing, possession or sale of the
narcotic plant known as marihuana by unlicensed persons. Vetoed.

Estamisiicent oF Anouescesas' Cour, Assembly Int. 980, Pr.
x ity Criminal Courts Act in relation
iment Of an adolescents’ court for the

of New York. Failed of passage, :

Use or County Janis, Assembly Int. 1351, Pr. 1370: Senate Int
234, Pr. 1284: Amends the correction law in relation to providing
for the detention of persons awaiting arraignment as well as for the
detention of persons awaiting hearing or trial, charged with offense
or traffic infraction. Failed of passage.

wat Senvicr. Status, County Jan. EmpLovees, Assembly Int
1041, Pr. 2109: Amends the county law in relation to providing civit
service status for county jail employees in counties outside the City
of New York, (The general objective of this bill is to be com-
mended but we disapprove of the Blanket inclusion of all incumbents
when the bill is intended 10 become effective). Failed of passage.

Snewirs iv Couperirive Crass or Civit Seavice, Assembly Int,
2042, Pr. 2110: Proposes an amendment to Section S of Article IX

80 Tre Prison Association or New Yor

of the Constitution in relation to placing the office of sheriff in
certain counties in the competitive class of the civil service. (The
eneral objective of thi Dil i to be commended but we disapprow
Of the blanket inclusion of all incumbents when the bill is intended
to become effective.) Failed of passage.

Cassirication oF Prisoners, Assembly Int, 2436, Pr. 2561
‘Amends the correction law in relation to classification of prisoners,
Failed of passage.

Repverion or Crnaat Curarcrs AcaiNst Six Orrenoms
Assembly Int, 2687, Pr. 2814: Senate Int, 2105, Pr. 2237: Amenis
the code of criminal procediire in relation to the change or reduction
of criminal charges against sex offenders, Failed

Resistaation of Sex AND Monat Orrexpens, Assembly Int.
3195, Pr. 3340: Amends the correction law in relation to establish
‘ment of register of sex and moral offenders. Failed of passage

Comaussion 19 Srupy Pnowten oF Sex Deviation, Assembly
Int. 3198, Pr, 3343: Cxeates a temporary State Commission to
the problem of sex deviation. Failed of passage

FINANCIAL STATEMENT

‘THE PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK
GENERAL FUND
STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1952
income
Donationepecisl purpoces
“the Grater New York Fund #23138 00
Othor funde 6017 34
$8150
Donatione—unrestrited Bea OF
SE ernans 308

rdowment Income

Disidends on stock : : $25,464 95

Miscellaneous “ness... Sa a
Total Income $59,368 18

EXPENSES

General sdinitato

Ric pukner and fies (at fod ting “88 & @

es ind ig

‘Total Expencos
NEY GAIN FOR THE YEAR

56177 88
ed

AUDITORS’ OPINION
We have audited the books, accounts, minutes and other records of The Prison
Acciation af New York forthe year ended Decesber al, 15. In, our opinion
the statement of income and expenses shown shove presents frinly the reste of

the Operation for that Yea,
(Signed) WEBSTER, HORNE & ELSDON

— Centfed Public Accountants

Nara I

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

An Act to Incorporate The Prison Association of New York
Passed May 9, 1846, by a two-thirds vote. (As subsequent
amended.)

The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate oxi
Assembly, do enact as follows:

Section 1. All such persons as now are and hereafter shal
become inembers of the said association pursuant to the consi
tion thereof, shall and are hereby constituted a body corporate
by the name of The Prison Association of New York and by the
mame have the powers that by the third title of the eighteen
chapter, of the first part of the Revised Statutes, are declared
to belong to every corporation, and shall be capable of purchasing,
holding and conveying any estate, real or personal, for the use of
said corporation, provided that sich real estate shall never excee
the yearly value of ten thousand dollars, nor be applied to any
‘other purpose than those for which this corporation is formed

§ 2. The estate and concerns of said corporation shall be manage!
and conducted by its executive committee, in conformity to the
Constitstion of the said ation; and the following artiel
now form the cor f the association shall continue to be
fundamental laws and constitution thereof, subject to alteration it
the mode therein prescribed.

ARTICLE FIRST

The objects of the association shall be
1. The amelioration of the condition of prisoners whether
detained for trial, or finally convicted, or as witnesses.
2. The improvement of prison discipline and the government of
prisons whether for cities, counties or states,
‘The support and encouragement of reformed convicts after
jem the means of obtaining an hones!
livelihood and sustaining them in their efforts at reform.

ARTICLE SEOOND

‘The officers of the society shall bea president, four viee-presidens
a recording secretary, a corresponding secretary, and a treas
and there shall be the following. commni ‘a finance co
mittee, a canmittee on detentions, a committee on prison discipline,
‘a committee on discharged convicts and an executive committe.
The mimber of the executive committee shall consist of not mot
than thirty-five, of whom not more than ten shall be officers of tt
society, and not more than twenty-five shall be persons other thar
officers

122]

Constrrurion AND By-Laws 83

ARTICLE THIRD

‘The officers named in the preceding article shall be ex-officio
snembors of the executive committee, who shall choose one of their
rurmber to be chairman thereof.

ARTICLE rouRTH

‘The executive committee shall meet once in each month, and
Jeep regular minutes of their proceedings. They shall have a
general superintendence and direction of the affairs of the society,
tnd shall annually report to the society all their proceedings, and
such other matters as shall be likely to advance the ends of the
ARTICLE FIFTH

‘The society shall meet annually in the city of New York, at
such time and place as the executive committee shall appoint, and
such other times as the president, or in his absence, one of the

-presidents, shall designate,

ARTICLE, SIXTH

Any person contributing annually to the funds of the association
ot less than fiye dollars shall, owing to such
rember thereof.

contribution, be a
A contribution of five hundred dollars. shall
fa life patron; a contribution of one hundred dollars
Siall constitute an honorary member of the association for life, and

Honorary and corresponding members may,
from time to time be appointed by the executive committee

ARTICLE SEVENTH
A female department shall be formed consisting of such females

bw shall be selected by the executive committee, who shall have

ange of the interest and welfare of prisoners of their sex, under
such regulations as the executive committee shall adopt.

ARTICLE RIGHTH

‘The officers of the association shall be chosen annually at the
‘nual meeting, at which time such persons may be elected hon-
brary members as shall have rendered essential service to the cause
Of prison discipline,

ARTIOUE NWT

Any society having the same objects in view may become auxiliary
to hig assoration by contributing to its funds and cooperating

st ‘Ture Prisow Association or New York

ARTICLE TENTH

‘The executive cammittce shall have power to add to any of the
standing committees such persons, as, in their opinion, may be
Tikely to promote the objects of the society, and shall have power
to fill any vacancy which may occur in any of the offices of the
association, intermediate the annual meetings.

ARTICLE BLEVENTH

‘This comsitution may be amended by a vote of the majority of
the society at any menting thereot, provided tice of the amend
ment has Been given atthe next preceding meeting

“The oficers lected for the current year, under the constitution
shall continue to be the lfcers thereof unl ethers shall be diy
Shove in tht places.

‘And its hexeby farther enacted that ao manager of aid society

3, The said exctutive committee shall ave power fo establish
a workhouse in the county of New York, and in thei discretion,
to receive and take into the suid workhouce all sich persons a
Shall be taken up and commited ae vagrants or disordery persons
in sald city as the Court of General Sessions of the Peace, or the
Court of Special Sessions, or the Court of Oyer and ‘Termine, in
taid counly oF any poles maistete, or te: commissioner of he
Miosowe fay, doses proper chjec nl: fae wid eons come
tities shall have the same powers to keep, detain eanplay and
overn the said persons as ave now by law eonferved on the keepers
St the bidewell or penitentiary i sid ly

“4 The atid excextive committee may, from time to sme, make
bylaws, ordinances and regulations, relative: to. the. management
aid Gijoston of the esaie and ctucens of id setocaton aod
the management, goverment, mtraction, dlicpline, and. emply-
tment of the persone so a0 aforesaid committed to the said work
fiog, nol Gry tiny as ty tie deen groper aod may
Bopoint such oficers, agents ‘and’ servants ay they. may dean
netesacy 10-transact the besiness of the said association, and
tay designate their dulies, And the said executive, comitee
shall make an annual report tothe Legsiature and to the corpre:
tion of the cy of New York, of the number of persons received
by them into the said workhouse, the disposition of which shal be
trade of them by istracting or cnploying them therein, the receipts
and expenditures of sand execute committe and. feneraly all
buch facts and particulars as may exhiit the operations oF the
i. association
5, The said executive committe shall have power, during the

ininority of any of the persons x0 committed fo the said workhouse,

Constitution axe By-Laws 85

to bind out the said persons so being minors, as aforesaid, as
apprentices or servants, with their consent during their minority,
{o such persons and at such places, to learn such proper trades
and employments as in their judgment will be most conducive to
their reformation and amendment and future benefit and advantage
of such persons,

56. The said executive committee by such committees as they
shall from time to time appoint, shall have power, and it shall be
their duties to visit, inspect, and examine, all the prisons in the
State and annually report to the Legislature their state and condi-
tion and all such other things in regard to them as may enable the
Legislature to perfect their government and discipline, And to
enable them to execute the powers and perform the duties hereby
granted and imposed, they shall possess all the powers and author
ity that by the twenty-fourth section, of title frst, chapter third,
part fourth of the Revised Statutes, are invested in inspectors of
county prisons and the duties of the keepers of each prison that
they may examine shall be the same in relation to them, as in the
section aforesaid, are imposed on the keepers of such prisons in
relation to the inspectors thereof ; provided, that no such examina-
tion or inspection of any prison shall be made until an order for
that purpose to be granted by the ehancellor of this State, or one of
the judges of the Supreme Court, or by a vice-chancellor or circuit
judge, or by the first judge of the county in which the prison to be
examined shall be situate shall first have been had and obtained,
which order shall specify the name of the prison to be examined,
the name of the persons, members of the said association, by whom
the examination is to be made, and the time within which the same
‘must be concluded.

BY-LAWS*

L. There shall be a stated meeting of the execative committee
on the Third Thurs:
be held on the requi

By Laws were age
‘on the third Thuseday of eash

ining be bt
al the pal meeting of te Ancocatsh be el
‘heed Thurs) in sambary ofeach years ioe be eld

th as heretofore and

86 ‘Tr Prisox Assocrarion or New Yor

The number of members composing the executive, committee
exclusive of the cffcers of the association, is hereby fixed at
twenty-four, and divided into four groups or classes as follows:
At the election held at the annual meeting of the year 1916, there
Shall be elected, to serve from that date, six members for the term
of one year, six for the term of two years, six for the term of three

for the term of four years. At each annual meeting there-

ected for the term of four years in

place of those whose terms of alice then expire, Any vacancies in
the membership of the committee by death, resignation or otherwise
may be filled either by the association at any annual meeting or, in
interims between the annual meeting, by the executive committee

Il. At every meeting of the executive committee five members
shall be necessary to constitute a quorum,

TH, The order of business at the annual meeting shall be as
follows:

Election of chairman and secretary.
Reading of minutes of the last meeting,
Report of committee on nominations,
Election of officers.
Report of corresponding seeretary on work of year.
Annual report of the treasurer,
sr of business at every other stated meeting shall

‘The reading and approval of the minutes of the last preceding
meeting.

‘Report of treasurer.

Reports from standing committees

Report from the corresponding secretary.

Reports from special committees.

Report from the general agent.

Miscellaneous business

special mecting no other business shall be transacted than

that for which the said meeting was called

V. ‘The chairman shall appoint all standing and special com-
mittees and decide all questions of order, subject to an appeal;
and the rules of order shall be those embodied in Cushing’s manual
0 far as they are applicable,

VI. The recording secretary of the association shall be the
secretary of the executive committee; and it shall be his duty to
Keep the minutes of the proceedings of said committee, to record
them in a book provided for that purpose, and to give due notice
of all meetings of the committee.

Constrrurion anp By-Laws

VIL. The corresponding secretary shall conduct the correspond-
ence of the executive committee and of each of the standing com-
mittees and shall act as the general financial agent of the astocia-
tion, and shall report at each Stated meeting of the committee,

VIII. ‘The treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the asso-
fe committee may
x.

ciation, and shall give such security as the execut
require. His duties are more fully defined in by-law

TX. There shall be at least the following standing committees
executive; finance; law; detentions; nominations; probation and
parole; prison administration. Such committees in addition to any
powers or duties conferred by these by-laws shall severally possess
the power and be subject to the duties designated from time to time
by the executive committee. Furthermore, the committee on pro-
bation and parole shall function as the committee on discharged con-

's mentioned in the constitution, and the committee on prison
administration shall function as the committee on prison discipline
mentioned in the constitution,

‘The duties of the above named committees, not otherwise provided
for in the constitution or by-laws, are as follows:

Tr shall be the duty of the committee on detentions to inquire
as far as may be practicable or necessary into the causes of com
mitment of persons held in institutions of the Department of
Correction of the City of New York, and, when deemed desirable,
(o adopt available measures for proctring the discharge or provid=
ing for the defense of such as shall appear to be entitled thereto,
It shall further be the duty of the committee, when arrangements
are made therefor, to extend its work 10 jails, penitentiaries,
teformatories and prisons outside of the City of New York and
within the State of New York.

It shall be the duty of the committee on nominations to consider
the qualifications of persons available for election as vice-presidents
or available for membership on the executive committee of the
association, and to make recommendations thereon to the executive
committee for final action,

It shall be the duty of the committee on probation and parole
to be associated with the operation of the probation, parole and
‘employment bureaus of the association, and, from time to time, 0
make recommendations in respect thereto

It shall be the duty of the committee on prison administration to
consider the intemal organiration and management of county jails,
penitentiaries, reformatories and State prisons, and the welfare of
persons confined therein,

X. The committee on finance shall be charged with the duty of
saising and caring for the funds.