SIXTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
Prison Association of New York
1905-6.
Ovvren oF rue AssaciaTt0%N,
185 Basr Proview Seeser, New Yous.
TRANSMIITED TO 1
STATE OF NEW YORK.
2,
, SENATE,
Avant 10, 1908,
SIXTY.FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK
‘Tn Prison Assoetarion ov New York,
185 Baer Preveievee Seas,
Now York, Aprit 9, 1906.
Mon, Mariew Lis neon, Lientenanttdorernor, New Yorks
inv —In accordance with chapter 168 of the Lawe of 1846, we
aye the honor fo present the sixts-Arst snmal report of the
Prison Association af New York, smd to respectfully request that
yon will lay the same before the Legislature.
Respectfully yours,
EUGENE SMITH,
President.
Sanur, J. Bannows,
Corresponding Seoretary.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Latter of Peanut
ist of Dlustratons.
List of Ofc, 190,
‘Standing Commitens, 1908,
Preface
Report of Executive Committee
Report of Comesponding Seertary
Probation Work at Coort
State Reformatory Parole Work
Relies Work
Jails and Penitentiae.
Brooklyn Disiplinary Training Shoo! :
Penal Toetitations of New York, Later to Hon, George B, MeClellon, Mayor
Saleguanting the Indeterminate Sentanoe
Payole Systran New York State, Propoal fri revision
Prison Construction
1.8. Pison at Leavenmorth, Kanzes Brief Description of
‘Wat Neato Be Done in Now York.
‘Wines Marshall Feta Round, Mesorial Minato
‘Trsosuoes Report
CCouaty Comaltzans,
Honorary Corresponding Members, United Stas...
Honocsry Coreespoadiag Mesbers, Foreign Countic,
Life Patrons.
Lite Moraber
CContibutions, 1905.
Donttions—Clathing, Reading Mater, ee
Caster of the Prison Assocation
{By-Lams of Prison Anodiation
Index
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth, Kansas, View made from plana
and drasings 4
2. Front exterior view
3, Front view showing guard tomer and part of rane wal
4 View from west wall
5. Rear view of bailar house, ote
6, Portion of rear wall, ast Wing,
7. View from Norheet Tomer
& Stone cating shop new under construction.
8, Exterior view of northeset cll ue
10, Warden's residence.
21, Prion encore
12, Seperate watd for coamamptives,
1B. Northeast elt house
14, Call Hooke
15, View in cell house “D.*
18. End vow of cols oll house “D:
17, View in IdentiScation bureus, showing Giger print eam and Bartillon esas,
18. Cortidor view
28, Partial view of dining rows
20, Partal view of kitchen.
2), Wiliam Marshall Bite Round.
OFFICERS FOR 1906.
President
EUGENE SMITE,
Vice Presidents,
WILLIAM P. LETCHWORTH, Ror, WENDEDL PRIMB, D.D.,
FELIX ADLER, ROBRRY W. De FOREST.
Seoretary.
LEY JACKSON,
Corresponding Secretary.
AMUEL J. BARROWS,
Treasurer.
J. SEELY WARD, J, 125 Dast Fifteenth Street, New York Oity.
Executive Committes.
Bugeae Smith,
W. W. Rattershall, Albany, James McKeen, Brookdya,
J. Fenimore Cooper. Albouy. Sdwaed B. Merrill, New York,
Avstin Flint, M. D., New Yor‘, Frank P. Pacey, New York
Cornelius B. Gold, New York, Eugene A. Pbilh
les, MTD. New Dean Sage, New York
Decatur M. Sawyer, New York,
Wm, 1. Gratwiek, Butfalo, William . Sehfeffelin, Now
Henry E. Gregory, New York, York,
Alerander M. Hadden, New Gino ©. Speranza, New York,
York, 5. G. Phelps Stokes, M.D., New
John W. Hutehinson, New York,
York Evert Jansen Wendell, New
Samuel Macauley Jackson, New York,
York, Moray Williams, New York,
James Wood, Mt. Kisco.
STANDING COMMITTEES FOR 2906,
On Law.
Messrs. McKeen, Puilbin, Speranml, Paves, Merrill and Wood.
On Diseluarge Convicts
Messrs. Hadden, Sebietelin, Gregory and Sawyer
Du the Sabrory,
Messrs. Jackson and Wendel
On Dereations.
Gregory and Philbin.
Howse
Messrs, Hutchiuson and Flint,
Mesers, Setieffelin, Jackson, MeKeen, Stokes, Gold ond Ward.
PREFACE,
In this the Sixty-irst Annnal Report of the Prison Association
of New York, the record of its activities is brought down to
June 1, 1906. Ay the nancial year of the Association corre
sponds however, with the eatendar year, the record of donations
and the Treasurer's Keport ae limited to the Bist of December,
1905. Contribotions made since January 1, 1906 will be acknowl
‘edged in the next annual report.
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTER.
To the Honorable the Legislature of New York:
Seldom has the attention of the Legislature been called to
more important matters concerning the penal laws or penal
system of the State than those which now demand Itz attention,
Convinced that & careful study must be made of the sanitary
and structural conditions of the penal institutions coutrolied by
the Staio, the Tegislatnse a year ago authorized the appotatment
‘of a commission by the Governor to consider this problem. Tm
pressed likewise with what bas beet! done in the State of New
York aud elsowher» ja treating offenders without imprisonment
under the probation sgstem and recognizing the neod of ite further
‘dovelopment, a vecond commission wae authorized last year to
study and report on this question. ‘The Grst commission was
known as tho State Prison Improvemont Commission, the other
tas the Probation Commission. The reports of these commissions
are now hefare the Tegislatute and also various bills embodying
their conclusions. No more vital questions concerning the penal
or judicial aystem of the State are now before your Honorable
Body; and we desive, if possible, to concentrate the attention and
support of the Lagisia‘ure as well as that of the people of the
Stace upon the important issues involved.
‘The duties of Usis Commission aa desued by chapter 718, Laws
of 1905, were to inquire:
“First, as to the atractural and sanitary condition of the
buildings at Auburn and Sing Sing prisons. Second, as to the
u Axspan Resour ov a3
advisability and cost of reconstructing aud modernizing such
Duaildings. "Third, ov to the advisability and cost of providin
new prison plants ou vere sites, the most advantageonrs locations
of auch sites, aul the eequired capacity of each phmt. Foarth,
fan to the avtefsabllity and cost of providing one new prison for
twenty-four hsiadeed peisoness on « new site, and the most ad
vantagooee Iovation of suel site, Pt, the estimated sme thet
ait be evatized fom the wile of Andnim and Sing Sing prinoms,
fand the Lyk ant appwetemmces couneete Merewith, Sixth,
the most prsctical disponition that may be made of the Basten
New Yagk Retewarory
he Gove om the 15th day of Angust, (005, appointed as
euch Commission Corneting V, Collins of Troy, John G. Wiekeor
of Ballalo, Euwin 0. Holter of New York, Sammel J. Barrows
of New York, aad Willinm F, Wheeler of Portville. ‘This Com
mission temporaeily orgenizel on Septomber Afth, and perma
nontly onzanizei st: Qutobew sisteenth, by the election of Coruetins
V. Collins, Presiilent, and George Mctanghlin, Secretary
A munifae’ cugineor was eugagell to uke @ report concerning
the steuetuva! aul sanitary conditions of Hho bnildings at Auburn
and Si Leinous. ‘The avpuat of Chis engineer fully consiemed
‘the couelnsions ve sa the somitany condition of siz Rhye Petson
reached by of caumuillee of the Puiven Association of New
York, assisted ly Ade havles B. Wingate, Sanitary Engineer,
and presontod in the 36th smmval report of thie Avgorintion, tran:
mitted 19 the Legislature January 80, 1901, ‘TFhongh these co
Altions have ty mitigated by the introdvesion of more
Tight through the eulargement of windows iu the outer walt,
the esseutial defects of his antique structure still remain and
are practically incurable Most of these conditions exist also
Paisox Associstion o New Your.
in the cell biock at Auburn, but they ane not so pronounced in
‘that prison as in Sing Sing,
‘The Commission alan carefully studied the question of the
Advisablite and cost of weconstcucting and modernising” the
Prevent buildings a¢ Avburu aud Sing Slag. It wae shown by
estimates from competent architects that a: new cell house at
Sing Ring with a capacity of 1.400 colts won cont 4094900 an
that @ ew cell house for Auburn with capacity ot 1200 cee
would cost appwostinatuly 80/00, qe evident uowcren
that eves with the oxpendtiee of auch Inge aun ot money, the
new cel Mocks would Hot mett the bos condtiay reyaeed hp
modern prio and that IL would be far more ewonomica te
Imonded the nltinateabaidonient of thie sites sud tele ane,
‘he appointment of & comission of uot leas thin three ues
mors than Ave persons to select a sultable alte containing wet
ees than five hundred neres for such a wow State jtison, 1 be
'ncatoil in the enstern part of the State south of Poughkeepsie
tion of $125,000 is deemed necessary for the pur
site, and for the prpose of preparing for and beginning
‘he work of construction an appropriation of $200.0. with an
‘laitional allowance of $7,500 for the expenses of the Com
‘This Association strongly urges that the recommendations of
‘© Commission be adopted and that the desited appropriations
ie made at the present session of the Legislature. Sing Sing
16 ANNUAL Retowr of 18
Prison hes long beew a reproath to the State of New York, For
many year Jt hax been condemned by the Supesintendont of
Prisons, bp the State Comnenins uf Bevan aad Dy Ahn Aso
to admire in soi aspects of ome yolven system, have expressed
surprise that New York State shew!
ve postponed s0 Jong
the erection of a new prim whic tenghe sovorably compate with
the best prises steries in tts comnts and abvond. ‘The foi
name of ent State should no Tonge ds
hich fatie 40. Eo teow the standard of modern cfvlizaion.
This remedy cao only be eftoctod theowgh Yegisative action. ‘The
Teglsiatore will eit and recelve the support of enlightonea
Tile sentiment in gassing Taw veh wil) aelere our State
from the sbten nd, by the construction
ot a now Drodel prion, pat the State again in the frost rank of
prinon roform
‘We wih to Tay great emphasis on that yortion of the report of
the Commiesion which points out that a Tange past of the work
of erecting the new priton ean be dove ti prison labor with great
event fo the prisoners and at the saving of mich eost t0 the
State, Experience sn our own snd to otter states shows that
Atty pereent. om the cot of eouettetio com be maved iy the’ wee
of priaon Inbor. Notable results hinve ft achieved in fis way
fn the constrwesion of the Cated States Penitentiary at Kansan
Ry she erection of 9 toed, from one to to Mmndred prisoners
coold bo used from the beginning, abd after the erection of a
ormitorg ams mes hn, three tmes is mau prisoners could
profitably sevigned to the nection of the necessary build
A certsin number of the trained soune men trom the Biusira
Reformatory, representing various trades, might also be employed
Prison Assocrarion op New Your. "
in the work of construction, ‘The State of New York is now pay:
Ing more than $100,000 for the support of State prisoners in
Sounty penitentiavies, the great majority of whom are maintained
in idleness. ‘The moral effect of assigning a large number to the
preparatory and subsequent work of building a new prison would
De of the highest value, while the secondary result to the tax
ayer of saving fully halt a million dollars ought not to be over.
looked.
Another question submitted to the Commission was the inost
Practical disposition {0 be made of the Bustern New York Re
formatory at Napanoch. The attention of the Legislature has
been repeatedly called by this Amoctation fo the lack of orga
ation, equipment and development in the so-called retormatory,
Tt is not necessary to reeite again the eanses which have delayed
Its development. More important is it to make sare that it shal!
Fulfil the purpose for which it wax authorized and established.
‘To this end the State Prison
‘that the
improvement Commission, believing
‘ime has arrived when the future status of the institution
shonid be finally determined, recommends that It be placed ynder
the administration and authority of the Roard of Mauagers of
‘the New York State Reformatory at Flmira
‘The instiention a orginally desigaed was intended to reliove
Elmira Reformatory from its overerowded condition, and to place
it under the management of Hat board in simply reverting to
the original plan and intention, In view of the distance betwoon
Elmira and Napanoch and of the large responsibilities alseady
placed upon the Whnira Board, it has seemed desirable to increase
fhe board from five to seven members and to roake it a general
2
38 Axwvat Reporr or 1am
reformatory hoard, having jurisdiction over both institution
‘This plan, if carried out, will moke available in the development
of Napanoch the experionce and great ability of Colonel Seott,
‘who might become the supesintendent of both the reformatories
‘The two institutions ean he graded on different lines If found
neceseary, yet both be animated with the same spirit, Assembly
iN 1286, introduced by Mr, Cunningham, embodies these pro
visions, amd we hope that the bill will be promptly adopted at
the present session,
‘The duties of the Probation Commission authorized and ap-
pointed under chapter 714 of the Laws of 1905, were in general
to make a envefel inquiry as to the probation system in New York
and to make & full report of its work ¢o the Governor, to be trans
mitted by him {0 the Legislative. The Commission appointed
by the Governor comsfsted of the following persons:
Fon, Tomer Polks, Seeretary of the Charities Aid Association,
Chairman,
Mr. Frederick Almy, Secretary Charity Organization Society
of Butato,
Mrs, Jane L. Armetrong, of Rochester, N.Y.
Samuel J. Barrows, Comesponding Secretasy of the Prison
Association, of New York:
Howard R, Bayne, of the New York bax,
‘Mrs, Caroline MePheal Bergen, of Brooklyn, member of the
Prison Association of New York.
Mr. Roger V'. Clarke, District Attorney, Binghamton, N. ¥,
Mz. Howand 8. Gans, Assistant District Attorney, New York,
ity
Paigow Assoctamion oF New Yous.
Miss Prauces A. Kellor, specialist in soctological work, Now
York eft
Dennis McCarthy, of Syracuse, member of the Board of
Charities,
Daniel F. McKenna, of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul.
Mareus Stein, of the New York bar and member of the
Board of Bellevue and allied hospitals, New York city
Mr, Lawrence Veiller, Seeretury City Club, New York city.
Miss Alice C. Woodbridge, Woman's Prison Association, New
York elty
It will be scen that the Commission thus constituted represented
‘arions lines of philanthropic and Jegal activity and that geograp-
ically if represented tie diferent sections of (he State, Charles
Rushmore, Keg, of the firm of Stern & Rushimore, served the
Commission with zeal and ability without compensation, and
Mu. Kingsbury Foster was elected secretary. The Commission
held forty-one meetings in New York city, theve in Bultato, two
Jin Rochester and three in Alluay. Tt took a large amount of
testimony, Tts examinations included city magistrates, justices
oof the Court of Special Sesstons and the Court of General Ses:
sions, probation oficers, hoth for juvenile and adult offenders,
anil members of varions organizations relating te probation
‘work, The Commission also examined the probation system in
operation in other States, It ig hard to see how the suvestigation
could have been more comprehensive or more thorough. Much
time was spent in digesting and considering the large mast of
testimony, in discovering the weaknesses of the present imperfect
operation of the probation law and in formulating recommenda
tions for the improvement of the law and its administration,
20 Axavan Reroar om me
‘The full report of the Commission is now before the Legista
ture. While there is room for difference of opinion equeeraing
* some of the details embodied fa the recommendations of the Com
mission, the essential features of the report outline the system
‘which if put in actual practice wil secure for the State of New
York @ probation system which in many vespects will be in
advance of that of any other state
‘The Prison Association of New York has a deep and vital
Iintorost in this question, The frst general law on the subject
‘of probation enacted by the State in 1901 wax drafted and sup:
ported by this Association. ‘This law way not regaried by any
‘means as fulfilling all the conditious of an ide probation Jaw
Varlous modifications of the original draft hai to be made in
order to secure Its passaxe. Tt was, however, felt by this Asso
cintion that nothing coal be more importint than to secure pro
bation ia some form jn this State in the confidence that, once
fairly tried, it would not be abandoned. What was most needed
‘was that form of public ednestion whick comes from doing and
seeing done & practicable and desirable th le te some
courts no attention was paid to the provisions of the law; and in
others omly a perfunctory compliance was seeuted, there arene
nevertheless, courts in which magistrates and judges availed
‘thomaeives (0 the fullest extent of the new law. ‘The prosperity
of a Jaw depends much upon its administration. The success of
the probation law Js to be judged not only by the results attend
ing its neglect, but by those attending ite enforcement. Breey
court in which good work was dane became an object lesson to
other courts in the community
Subsequent. amendments have corrected some of the recognized
defects of the law of 1901; and it has become obvious that what
Prisox Assocrarion or New Your.
Js needed is not so much a radical change in the letter of th
as better provisions for carrying out and enforcing its spi
‘The changes recommended by the Commission are conservatives
‘they do not interfere with the essential principle of the probation
Jaw; they are simply changes in the Tine of ite development. tn
preparing the original bil, this Association betieved that in an
{deal probation system there might be @ happy combination of
aid and unpaid officers; and this convietion has not been dis
‘turbed, But under the necessary limitations of the law, too
much of it had to be committed to voluntary workers. Tt wax
evident from the start that all the exdeting duties of probation
Ooficers and especially the preliminary work of investigation could
not be safely committed to the uncertain and fluctuating condi
tious of voluntary service. ‘The experience of Massachusetts
shows that the whole time of an adequate number of trained pro
bation officers mmst be given to the daily performance of tix
work. As probation oficers could not be paid directly out of
the public treasnry, an endeavor was made to secure paid officers
throogh charitable societies. This Association appealed to the
different charitable societies of New York, especially to social
settlements, to furnish workers who might be supported ont of
their funds, Responses to such appeals showed that the majority
of the charitable societies and settlements were not in a condition
to support such workers; nevertheless @ certain number of them
offered to undertake the partial or entire support of « probation
officer in some of the courts, Our own Association has supplied
probation work to the Court of General Sessions
‘The only other way in which paid oficers could be secured
without adding to the public salary list wae by the assignment
of police officers to this work ‘This part of the law was weak
Axsuan Report of 1H
only because of the weakness of ont police system, and because
oak judges were satisfled with weak men. Among the 0,000
policemen of New York city, it would have heen strange If twenty
honest men could uot have been found who could be trained inte
this work. Such a thing could easily lave been achieved in
London or Berlin where the poliee service is out of polities and
where bribery and cormmption have been effeetnally elfminated
from the force, ‘The establishinent of probation school with a
definite course of training and a avsiem of inspection and siper
vision of probation officers wonld hare developed! a eorps of men
whose efficiency would have beeu beyond question. few magis:
trates and judges, wallzing (hat threefonrths of the success of
the probation nystem depends upon the character of probation
offleers, took the utmost pains fo sectire honest, efficient and com
petent men with the most gratifsing tesults, No etter probation
‘work has been done by eivillan workers than thas by to or three
fof the policemen working in the police courts: and work of au
exceptionally high chracter lns been done by Me, Backus of the
County Court of Beookiyn, formerly a county detective, and
who, long before the probation law was passed, developed an
original and independent interest in the resens of boys brought
into court.
Hut no such results could be expected when the details male
for this service were secured through a political “pally” as an
easy relief from patrol work. Experioure proved also that peo:
dation oficers should vather constitute an Inopendent corps
than to be under the regulations and authority and subject to
the conflicting assignments and exigencies of the police depart
ment, ‘The work done by unpaid voluateers, though given from
the highest motives and marked by generous devotion, was like
Prisox Assoctarios oP New Your,
swise seen to be imperfect in muny respects. It lacked continnity,
thoroughness, organization and aiseipline.
In spite, however, of the many defects revealed in the law and
its application, it is noteworthy that not u single judge of Wie
ay who testified before the Commission took a pessimistic
fas to the value of probation or advocated the abandonment of the
aystem. ‘The experience of these four years has conclusively
shown that probation work is worth doing. All the suggestions
and criticisms received have been made with a view to having it
done better.
"The most vital of all questions connected with this work is a
proper selection of probation officers, and the Probation Commis:
sion has given the greatest attention to this problem, Tt is
essential that every probation oficer should enjoy the confidence
of the court, but there is no reason for regurding the probation
officer as a purely personal attaché of the judge. If is the duty
of the probation officer to make investigations and secure infor.
mation which may help the judge to determine whether a certain
offender can profit by probation or whether he ought 0 be cou!
mitted to some corectional Institution. Judgment, tact, acute:
ness, experience are necessary to falfil thie task. While a
probation officer must be competent to fulfll the duties of his
position, it dove not follow that he should owe his position to
‘an appointment by the judge. After an offender has heen placed
on probation under the supervision of a probation officer, there
Te great need of adequate supervision and watcheare, It is sm:
possible for the court ftself to fulAll this funetion; it must be
committed to trained probation oflcers. There is need, too, that
probation officers themselves should be under supervision and
Ansvat Rerors oF rit
authority, and that their work should be organized and co-ordl
nated and become @ finetion of a special department.
Probation in this State has pasied fur Veyond the merely
experimental stage. The experience of the last five years has
clearly revealed the defects of present laws and administration.
It is clear, too, what steps in the main are necessary to correct
errors and defects
If the bills presented to the Legislature by the Commission
are passed substantially ns drawn, probation work ia New York
Btate will make a new and Smportant advance, The increased
cost of local and general ndwoinistration will be small compared
with the great saving to the community financially aa well ae
morally through « more effcleut probation syste
‘The distinction made in this as in other States hetween proba:
tion and parole Js that the former refers to supervision und
suspension of sentence, while the latter relates to the conditional
Liberation of prisoners who have served a certain term of im
prisonment
‘The success of parole laws ax applied to the Bhnita Reforma:
tory and ako to the state prisons has suggested the extension of
this privilege to a larger number of eases. ‘To seenre this it is
proposed to enlarge the application of the indeterminate sentence
law 90 98 to apply t0 long-term men. Such a provision would
be ratioual and judicious. But the question avises under what
conditions the Indeterminate sentence law should be extended.
‘The defect of the present system of administering parole in state
prisons is that it i# not connected with a grading aud masking
faystem. Too much reliance is placed on the reports of wardens
Prison Astoctarion of Nuw Your,
find prison oficers, Insufficient opportunity im given to
prisoner to demonstvate by his own record ia prison whether he
je a proper subject for conditional release, In too many of our
states parole laws are made to depend upon the condition that
‘the prisoner shall have served fixed minimum of his sentence
If the prisoner is patient, a certain number of revolutions of the
earth around the sum combined with his own negative goodness
‘will fuI8ll thie condition, More important, however, is it that
‘he prisoner, instead of merely pointing to the time he has served,
should be able to show just how ie has served it, should be able
to demonstrate that he is law-abiding, industrious and that he
can live up to certain social requirements
Tn other words the prisoner should be able to enen his liberty
‘and to show that he has earned it, ‘This may be effected through
a wisely planned and administered marking and grading system,
All prisoners feel the restrainfs snd limitations of prison lifes
they long for a larger degree of liberty in prison and out of It.
‘There is no venson why prisoners should be expected to maintain
48 dead Jevel of conduet in prison and that this level should simply
be that of patient submiaciveness, Prison life should impose
certain duties; it should also present certain privileges. These
privileges may be wisely graded. They should not be secured by
favoritiam or hy the bribing of officers, « practice which has pre: *
vailed in too many prisons and which is not yet uprooted. Suck
privileges should be a reward for mental and moral and physical
effort. Without relaxing discipline or security, but while steudily
‘improving them, the duties and privileges of prisoners can both
be multiplied. These requirements may be minute, but they
should be rational rather than arbitvary. There is no reason
why i state prisons there should not be a progressive system of
26 Awsuat Raport or r=
privileges as well as ja reformatories. Tet it be clear to prizoners
‘hat they can eaen them and there will he less temptation to buy
them,
‘This Committee feels that a goat improvement coud he
effected in the adwinistration of the parole laws in this State
so far as they apply: to state psisous, br connecting them with a
‘grading and marking system. Tt has invited the attention of the
State Commission of Prisons wud the Parole oard to the im
‘portance of revising existing laws. Te Is to he hoped that, as a
result of full consideration of the subject, the parole system may
De changed so as to make it possible to extend ihe indeterminate
sentence to a linge class of prisoners who need the incentive it
For several years past this Assoriation las conducted a cant
paign against the method of compensating sherifis by fees im
cerimipal cases, and the payment of 40 neh per diem for the
Doard of prisoners while held ander the shevits ta comuty Jats,
As there was sonie reluctance to passing a general law on the
subject, the only war of effecting @ elange was be appeating to
the boards of supervisors and by conlueting @ campaign of edu.
ation in the different counties, It is gratifying to note the
steadily diminishing avea ia which the fee system now operates.
Porty-seren connties live, at the date of the proseptation of this
report, either placed the serif ou a salary or provided that sucl
change shall be made at the bexinning of the next sheritts fern
Bills are now iu the Logislacure to place the counties of Cayuga,
‘Cortland, Ulster and Warren ox the salary system
Putsox Assoctamtox op New York.
In his second annual message Governor Higgins called the
attention of the Legislature to other important conditions and
problems,
“Your attention is directed to what seems an anomalous con:
Gition in regard to our laws negulating the punishment of boys,
sixteon years of age and over, convicted of misdemeanors. No
class needs reformatory treatment and trade instruction more
‘than these boys, of whom some 10,000 are committed annaally
to Jails and penitentiaries, because no other provision is made
for them. Youthful male felons may he sent to Elmira; boys
under the age of sixteen may be sent to Randalls Island or
Rochester; girls and young women to Hudson, Albion or Bedford.
Some provision should be made to save these boys from perma:
nent erimiual careers and keep them out of jails and peniten-
tiaries, where they can receive uo reformatorr treatment. The
county penitentiuries might be taken under State control and
‘one or more of them utilized for this purpose. No good reason
soems to exist for dividing between Bate and counts the charge
‘of persons convicted of crime, All such have sinned agalust the
State and should be under State supervision, ‘The population
of the penitentiavies has decreased from 4.008 in 1895 to 2,229
in 1905, a decrease of more than 50%, ‘The jails should be used
‘oaly for the detention of elvil prisoners and persons awaiting,
‘vial, and, possibly, potty misdemeanants sentenced for short
‘terms for publie intoxieation and minor offenses.
Governor Higgins has set forth succinctly in a paragraph
subjects which ought to receive the early attention of the Legisla
‘ture, His recommendation as to State control for State offenders,
‘the establishment of a reformatory for misdemeanants, the taking
28 Rarowr or tne Paigox Association or New Yous.
over of the penitentiaries by the State and the use of jails as
houses of detention are matters which have heen commended to
the attention of the Legislature in previons reports of this Asso-
ciation. "The need of a reformatory for misdemennants is urgent.
‘The complications of the indwstrial system and ,the prevalent
fdleness in the jails and penitentiarles can only be corrected by
State control.
While it is uot possible to elfect all these changes at the present
session of the Legislature, i€ it to be hoped that provision may
bbe made for their serious consideration during the coming year.
Progress in our penal system most be realized along these Hines
ENE SMITH,
Chairman.
REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
In reviewing the activities of the last year it ir pleasant to
notiee the growth of public interest in our work, ‘This is soon
4m the Inczeased number of contributors and in the increased
amount contributed. The Association has never had such a
large number of subseribers. With this stronger support its
work has been enlarged in various directions. It is teying to
‘meet more eflectivaly its obligations to society and to the offender.
‘Those who have generously contributed to the support of the
Association may have the satisfuetion of knowing that no dit
charged prisoner appealing (0 us for ald from any part of the
State or from aus part of the country has been tumed away
Decause we could not furnish food, shelter, or clothes. So long
as the Prison Association Is amply supported there will be no
excuse for prisoners entering the fleld of mendicancy or com:
mitting rime becanse of want
But aid to discharged prisoners Is only one form of benevolent
activity in which we seek to help the Iudividual and to help the
community. Our probation work ie of vastly greater {mportance
since every probationer saved relieves the State from the cost of
Lig Imprisonment and relieves the community from the uocessity
of supporting a discharged prisoner, or of adding another unfor
ftunnte man to the role of * rounders.”
Next in importance to probation work comes the oversight of
paroled prisoners conditionally released from the Elmira Reform-
tory. ‘The parole syatem is so much better than the system of
20 Avxuan Revo op tite
absolute discharge that it ought, im time, entinely to supersede
the older and less effective method One of the best ways to help
the individnal prisoner is to extend the range of the indeterminate
sentence and parole laws so that every prisoner shall have the
advantage of these incentives while in prison and of the better
conditions mer which he obtaiue lie velease, Tet the State
deal properly with the prisoner while he ie under Ite alseipline
and Le is less likely to became am applicant for charity upon
release, Even employment will be gaavanteed fo hin before he
Js discharged.
Such changes equnot be effected in our Jaws without an active
education of public sentiment, ‘The corresponding secretary
regards this as of the highest importance and feels that no por
tion of his time has been better invested than that devoted to
endeavors to awaken sind gnide ymbiie sentiment.
Not « little time and attention mst also be given to the study
and promotion of legislative mensnves both at Albany and Wash:
ington. While this Asociation, im che long course of its history,
hhas done much to entighten and instwict public sentiment, stich
work would be telurively fruitless if this sentiment aid not
exystalize into law aud institutions
‘The reports made from month to mouth hy the corresponding
secretary to the executive committee (race from step to step the
initiation, progress, completion ov defent of mensures and scheames
which demand’ constant and vigilant attention, 1 is hardly
necessary to review them in detail im this annual report, In
looking over the derail of sich activities one is Impressed, how
ever, with the continued necessity of persistent and well directed
efforts ro obtain results im philanthropy as in every other line of
hhuman endeavor, In this age every effort must be organized if
Patsox Assoctaxton GP New Yon. a
it is to secure results, The organic as well as personal forces
represented by this Association give to every one of its repre-
sentatives a power which individual effort eould not alone exert
‘The corresponding secretary appreciates iu the highest degree
‘the moral support furaisied by the large number of subscribers
and members of the Prison Association, Many of our subseribers,
im extending financial support, take pains to express their deep
Personal interest in Sts alms and objects, ‘There is a still Ianger
umber of persons throughont the State who would be interested
In oar work if it could be properly presented to them.
References are made in the report of the Executive Committee
to the two commissions appointed by the Governor relating re-
spectively to the subjects of probation and to ptison Improvement.
The appointment of the comesponding secretary of this Associa
tion to membership ia bork these commissions bas absorhed much
fof his time! bat he feels thot it could wot have beet better be-
stowed, and dat while serving the State, he has jo the best way
eeu serving this Association, Some of the work of these com:
tiesious Nas already proved feuttful and justifed their appoint
ment, ‘The Probation Commission, though it has not secured a
¢ in the Jaws, bas thoroughly studied the whole subject and
alled attention to divections jn whieh the probation system may
de Improved, even without new legislation.
The State Prison Improvement Commission, on the other hand,
Nas Deca ‘more fortunate In having its essential recommendations
adopted. It marks a new epoch in the history of the State that,
as the result of long ayitation, a new site is to be selected and
4 new prison built to take the place of Sing Sing. The adoption
Awnvan Reporr or THe
likewise by the Legislature of the recommendation that the insti-
tution at Napanoch be developed into a veformatory is a fresh
expression of the confidence of the people of this State’ in’ the:
veformatory system.
UNITED’ STATES LEGISLATION.
Tmportant legislation at Washington demanded more than
‘usual attention. Tt was necessary to ask the friends of prison
xeform throughout the country to urge Congress not to omit or
decrease the appropriation, already sufficiently small, for the
International Prison Commission. Congress finally appropriated
‘the usual amount asked for by the Secretary of State; namely,
#2,000, in which is included the subscription of the United States
and clerical and traveling expenses.
‘The United States Commissioner called the attention of the
Secretary of State to the desirability of inviting the International
Prison Congress to hold its eighth meeting in the United States.
Phe suggestion was cordially supported by Secretary Hay, and
amade the subject of a message to Congress. ‘The following reso-
lution was passed by Congress and approved by the President
March 3, 1905:
Resolved, That the President be, and is hereby, authorized and
‘requested to extend to the International Prison Congress an invi-
tation to hold the eighth International Prison Congress in the
United States at such time and place as may be determined by
the executive committee of that Congress known as the Inter
national Prison Commission
In his capacity as the official representative of the United
States on the International Prison Commission, as well as a
delegate of this Association, the writer had the privilege of
Pnisox Associstiow oF New Yori. 83
presenting this resolution of Congress, accompanied by a letter
of the President of the United States, to the International Prison
Commission, ‘The invitation was enthusiastically received -and
agcepted; and the efghith Tnternational Prison Congress witl be
held in the United States im the year 1910,
‘The surome
onths were ecenpied in making the trip to Buda-
pest, where the Congivss was held, and in visiting some of the
penal instifations of Hnngnry and other conmtvies, A brief
account of the session of the International Congress is appended,
|A detaitod report will be prepared by me as compissioner of the
United States for presentation to Congress.
‘The International Prison Congress, which holds its session
‘once in five years, held its seventh meeting: at Budapest, Septem:
ber 2-9, under the presidency of Jules Rickel De Bellye, Director
‘of the Hungarian Prison System. . Hungary must now be classed
among the most progressive of nations with reference to prison
reform, and nowhere has the Prison Congress heen received with
move interest or enthusiasm. ‘The attendance of local and of
foreign members was lange. ‘Twenty-eight countries were repre:
sented, The invitations extended by the different governments (0
this Congress are always ofleal, and the Congress was received
with the usual oficial dignity
opened by His Imperial Highness, The Royal Archdnke Joseph,
\d coremony. It was formally
who set forth in his opening address the value of the idea of
prevention and correction in the war agaluat erime. ‘The Minister
of Justice likewise gave an address, broad and progressive in
spirit, laying great stress upon preventive means, the reformation
of social conditions producing crime, the improvement of the
3
Axavat Repone oF 1H
Ess
Je and the importance of paying special attention to
Bickel De B
penal €oy
ye, the active president,
‘young delinquents.
in his opening address, showod how compreiensive is the fleld
lex and varied are the
le whole Geld
of work of the Congress and how compl
a they do,
problems submitted to If, embracing,
‘ ted States Gov
Not alt the delegates commissioned by the Us
those who were present were Tudge Simeon
Professor Charles TR. Henderson of
ot New York; Mix B. B.
ernment appenrer
1B, Baldwin of New Haven
Dr S.
Ber. W
Chieago Cuivessity’s Knop'
Williamson of New Jersey iam J. Batt, Chaplain of
|, Concord; Mes. Teubel C. Bar-
Massachusetis State Ret
rows, and the oficial Commissioner of the United States, 8. J
Barrows wero also
De. Knopt and 3fr. and 3h
Barrows.
accredited by this Association.
‘The Congress, nz usual, was divided into four sections, the
frat relating to Criminal Taw, under the presidency of Felix
mages of (he Court of Cassation, the Snpreme
ois
Court of France.
tration, was under
, one of t
‘phe second scetion, yelating to Prison Adin:
he presidency of Dr, Engelberg, Director of
the Prison at Mannheim, Baden, ‘The third section, relating
Preventive Means, was under the presidency of Dfr. 8. J. Barrows,
and the foutth section, relating £0 childrex and minors, under the
1a, of Italy, Professor of Law at the Unk
presidency of Dr. Bi
versity of uri
First Seetion.
ithe fest section, considering the problem of the imposition of
fines, made recommendations with a view to improving the appl
cation of this form of penalty. ‘The most important suggestions
Pastor Associstion or New Yor. 38
related to the paymont of fines by installments combined with the
eftorts to avoid the application of imprisonment in such eases,
‘The necessity was pointed out of revising modera legislation in
different countsies so as to furnish better protection against vari
‘ous forms of modern swindling not recognized or safeguarded in
the older codes.
‘The law section also voted that the receiving of stolen goods
should be reg
‘ded as a special offense, to be punised in the
‘country ia which it has been committed. To facilitate the prose
ention of this offe
» Iniernational agreements or treaties were
suggested. Namerous and valuable reports were furnished on
the subject of a reform in the jary system, ‘These reports repre
sent the attitude of different countries
1d furnish, a hody of inter-
esting and valuable information and suggestion: but the subject
is of such magnitude and so complex that the Congress decided
not to make formal, and what might he inadequ
te, recommenda.
tions on @ matter closely related to the potitienl constitutions of
different countries. Tt was felt that the hest service was rendered
im securing the body of information presented to the Congress.
The section therefore contented Ktself with a resolution to the
effect that the laws of different countries should admit in as large
44 degree as possible the participation of citizens in judicial and
penal judgments,
Seoond Section,
Im the second section, the question of greatest importance re
lated to the moral classiGeation of prisoners, and the most
exhaustive paper on this subject was prepared hy Mr. Z. R. Brock
way. ‘This paper is one of the best contributions to penologieal
‘Te
science that Mr, Brockway or any one else has ever made.
36 nual Repoms oF 310
ngtish version is printed in the sixtieth annual report of the
Prison Association of New York
cevions congresses, the reformatory ss
ent po
{In this section,
tem eame fa couifict with the separate system, so ommeh in vogue
in Burope, In defonding the reformatory syetem, 5¢ was pointed
1 does aot establish
oat by Mr, Basvows that she separ
tion is nat
classifeation, Tt avoids the peoblon
classification, which uv
in aifferont nai 2 ont also that
evelopment of pulsoness moans seine oprertuetty for moral
activity, and that this can only te secured when yraoners have
nome socia) and ethical relations with ench othor; that while Iso
lation might be aecessney in falls and for temporary discipline,
1s can only be trained
men who have violated their sock
ing eoeial relations. 5¢
into thelr duties as 504
ig this conviction in Awerien which has left in the United States
tem, the Bastera Peni
but a single example of the separate sy
fa, and even here the system has heen
tentiary at Philadel
virtually abandoned,
‘A warm discussion, carvied from the second section to 1
lated to the indemnity to be allowed to pris
Here
General Assembly, vel
‘oners io consequence of accidents arising ix penal Inbor
oatria not only provides by law for ine
st may be noted that Ao
acoident, but also allows,
emily to free labovers suffering from
it to prlsoners, ‘The Congress accepted this idea as wise and
just, and recommended Sts Inixoduction im countsiex in which
Tndemnity is accorded to free Inhorers; but all right to the in
‘aemnity is to be exeluded if accidents are canst
‘through disobedience to prison regulations
ed voluntarily or
Paisox Assoctaxtox op New Your, aT
The Congress also voted that i
establishments for the treatmer
is desirable to have special
of Saveterate drunkards com-
bined with agricultural and other forms of industry. In this
respect the experience of England for the Tast thyee years con-
stitutes the most recent and valuable-contribution to the legal
treatment of drvmkenness.
meh attention was algo given to the subject of the employment:
of prisoners im the open ale, and this view was strongly supported
by the Russian delegate, Sir, Strémookow, the head of the prison
aystem of that countzy, an ardent advocate of outof-door employ-
ment for prisoners
Third Section.
In the’ third seetion, valuable papers by prominent experts
‘were presented on the snbject of the influence of alcoholism upon
criminality. This subject has already engaged the attention of
‘the Congress for the Inst ten oF fifteen years,
On the subject of tuberculosis in prisons, the report of Dr,
Ransom, of Clinton Prison, New York, which has been published
as a United States congressional document, was one of she most
valuable, Dr. & A. Knopf, a distinguished spectalist of New
‘York elty and a det
address which was warmly received. ‘The Congress proposes,
te from this Association, made an elfective
through special committees, to determine the best prineiples upon
which to construct and administer penal institutions with a view
to avolding the scourge of tubereulosis.
Fourth Section.
The fourth section, relating to youthful delinquents, was largely
attended and had an importance in the general discussion which
as AsNwAL Revour ov ‘ti
it has nover had before, A profond impression was made upon
the Congress with reference to the work of children’s courts im
the United States, ‘The contribution of our country in this re
spect was noted vith the gruatest interest and a study of this
Institution vas recommended to the different governments.
Establishments for observation of young delinquents were recom:
mended and the prhuciples pointed ont on which they should be
condueted. ‘The rougly endorsed the veforma:
ongress alse
tory aysieu as applied to young delingnents vader sixteen years
of age, and showed that the cellular system does not meet the
need of yonng detingvente
In passing this resolution, the Congress has taken a step which
may eventually oblige it to go still further. Tf it is shown that
the method of industrial, moral aod intellectual education is
rnoceseary for delingvents under 19 years of age, it will not
Ve difienit to show that It may he good for those from 16 to
20, and also effective when applied to many prisoners ranging
from 20 fo 80 years of age. May not the reformatory system
iy chance of being
be eventually appliei In all cases where it ha
offective; irrespective of arbitrary age lines?
‘This convietion was further foreed upon the American Com
missioner after visiting the excellent reformatory for girls at
RékosPalota, near Budapest and the fine establishment for boss
at Kassa, Hungery. Nowhere is industrial and techuieal training
eater accuracy and perfection than at the latter
carried on with
institution, which is condueted on the family and cottage plan.
‘he hospitality of the Hungarian Government and the Hun
garian people was unbounded. Tt took ‘the form of banquets,
receptions and exemsions, Absolutely unique was the evening
excursfon on the Danube, in which the public buildings and the
Parson Associanios of New You 38
hotels on both sides of the river were brilliantly iIuminated,
while colored Tights and fireworks were displayed from the castles
at Buds. No other city
rag just the advantages of Budapest
for such a brilliant display.
[A special feature of this Congress was the giving of four lee
tures
Wy representatives of Hungary, Franee, Germany, and the
United States on different aspects of the penal law or penal ays
‘tems of these countries. ‘The subject chosen by the writer who
represented the United States in this group of lectures was
“Tendencies of Child Saving Wor
As aln
m the Talted States.”
eady said, the Congress will hold
5 next and eighth
meeting in 1910 in the United States in the capital of the nation;
but intervening meetings of the International Prison Commission,
to
the executive committee of the Congress, will be necessary
organize and lay out the work for this meeting,
It was our own country whieh thirty-five years ago proposed to
the diferent nations of the world to organize the International
Prison Congress, The frst meeting of this body which will be
held in the United States forty sears after ts formation will be
8 distinguished event in fhe history of modern penology and will
furnish ground for an interesting retrospect of the progress of
he world in this eta,
Among the institutions visited after the Congress by Mrs. Tar.
rows and myself the reformatory at Kassa, Hungary, has already
een metioned. We
alo visited the one for girls at Rékos-
Palota, I visited at Vienna the police headquartere and
‘the detention prison connected therewith. ‘Thi prison is
built on modern principles and ia in many respecte a superior
40 Aswuan Repent of Ta
institution for those awaiting trial. ‘The museum connected with,
ihe police department is the most elaborate and interesting of the
kind that L have ever seen.
T cannot revert to my visit to Europe without taking this
occasion to mention the great courtesy and personal Kindness of
Hermann Adauti. Li.D,. of Bremen, who was untiring im his
attention and personally conducted me through the imposing
courthouse in the city, His home was thrown open to Nis.
Barrows and myself and hospitatity graciously bestowed by
Madam Adami, Widely known and respected in his own city
and country, Dr, Adami bas bees for many yenrs an honorary
rent diligence and in spite of
‘member of this Assoctation. With
defective eyesight, he has ept ws informed of the varving changes
of the penal code in Germany.
On October 19, 1905, I left for Lincoln, Neb, to attend the
on, held October
‘annual meetiug of the Natfonal Prison Assoc
2128, These meetings are not notable for any startling discov:
Hardly any principle is enuneiated
eriew in the fleld of peology.
fat them which was not set forth ov Implied im the fret National
Prison Association mectiog at Cincinnati In 1870, Tut we have
ot begun to appreciate the full valne of these principles or to
mecure thelr consistent apptiention in the United States. ‘These
meetings of the National Prison Association have, therefore,
‘constant educative value, ‘Those who attend them regwlariy cou
‘This fe Inevitable, Dot it is a8
plaia that there is some iteration,
encouraging as itis necessary, and the encouragement is espectall
grateful when the old thing is said in a new way by some new
srance of a new personality with fresh and vigorous
voice, the
Paigox Associarios op New Yous. a
conviction, ‘The habit of changing the meeting place of the Asso-
ciation every year and going from exst to west has thus a mis.
sionary value, whose results have been demonstrated very clearly
from time to time,
Excellent papers ware read and no reactionary ideas were
presented. Ou the whole it is somewhat remarkable that the
Associa
jon is 90 fvee from cranks and that its diseussions, though
popular in form, are for the most part selentific in character.
‘The president, Warden Garvin, of Connecticut, pointed out
some of the ways in which the indeterminate contence and the
reformatory aystem had been brought into disrepute by not adber-
ing stvictly to the principle underlying both. Me. Hugene Simith,
‘the president of our own Association, has recently shown that, the
indeterminate sentence becomes inoperative ualess it is formally
connected with a reformatory system.
Interesting comparisons were made by Warden MeClaughry
of Leavenworth, and also by exWarden Weight of Alleghens, of
the old:time prison system compared with the present. Tn spite
of many discouraging features in present conditions, It is eusy to
seo that we Lave made distinet progress in the last twenty-five
Rev, J. Ia Milligan, for so many years the devoted secretary
‘of the Association, resigned his position, and the event was suit-
ably recognized, His successor is Br, Amoe W. Butler of Indian-
polis, a man well adapted by training, ability, and interest for
this work.
‘Taking advantage of my presence in Lincoln, Nebraska, T made
a trip to inspect the United States prison at Leavenworth, Kansas,
of Which Warden MeClaughry ix superintendent. T did. this
partly in fwifiment of my duties as a member of the Committee
2 Awsuat Revorr op it
fon the Improvement of the State Prison System of Now York.
‘The remarkable thing at Learenworth is the unumal snecess
attained in build
slmost qholly by prison labor.
this prison
‘This subject has an huportant bearing upon the proposed exee
tion of new prisons in our own
fate. T have urged before the
Commission that the idle forces in the penitentiaries be thus
utilized.
‘On the same errand which took me to Leavenworth I visited,
‘on returning from Lincotn, the Tadiana State Reformatory at
Jeffersonville ond also the state prison at Michigan city. In
both of these institutto
1s new buildings have been erected and
others are p
ciples of consten
ned, and T went there especially to stmdy prin
Later I visited also the Maryland State Prison in Baltimore,
‘Bventon, N. J.
In all these institutions, ond especially at Trenton and Michi
‘gan City, Twas impressed with the impartaneo of not trying to
remodel Sing Sing or even to build a new prison within the cfr
cumseribed Ilmits of the old one. At Trenton, Michigan City,
Baltimore and Jeffersonville, there js no tarining Iand available
for outotdoor labor, and in no place is the prison yard of suf
‘lent size, and the size of the cell is limited by the size of the
Dullaing. Tt is hoped that one new prison will be placed where
‘there is plenty of land aronnd it
At the Indina State Prison, the marking and grading
ystem is now in vogue, and it is evident that it com be applied
just as well there as in institutions known as seformatories,
‘They are also applying there a method in vogue at the Minnesota
of keeping back a part of the enrnings of the
Stato Reformatory
prisoner until a period of two years or possibly three, after he has
Paisox Association of Ney Yous. 3
received his discharge. ‘This is done with a view of finding out
what becomes of the inmates at their absolute discharge, If they
Ihave on deposit with the prison administration a sufficient per-
‘contage of their earnings, these are inducements for keeping some
what in touch with the management or with the parote officer,
‘and they are required to furnish evidence that they have been
industrious and honest dusing the period.
At the Baltimore Penitentiary 1 was impressed again with the
remarkable administrative ability of Mr. Weyler, the warden, and
the great extent to which every prisoner is utilized in the institu
tion and enabled to carn something for his labor. In spite of the
recognized limitations of the contract system, the Baltimore
Penitentiary seems to be so well conducted that the disadvantages
fare reduced to their lowest terms, The institution turned over
{$30,000 to the State for the rear 1905 and the prisoners themselves
gained an equal amonnt, Men go ont of the institution with az
‘ouch as forty, seventy or a hundved dollars, and a man who was
discharged the woek before T was there had earned $256.
At Indianapolis, in connection with my duties on the Probation
Commission, T spent two Gaye studying the working of the
Juvenile court, and especially the combination of paid officers
fund voluntesr offeers in the probation work of that city which is
ceatirely confined to juveniles, A distinct fenture at Indianapotis,
is the anmbor of volunteer workers who may be called upon in
this field, They have enrolled since March, 1908, 305 such yolun-
2 have been in active service, On this
teer officers, of whom 1
Fist of 208 available for such servieo, 152 are business men and
ministers, 2
88 professional. There were 3 ‘teachers, 21 lawyers,
16 physicfans, 8 musicians and 1 artist among those who offered
‘their nervices. Of counse the limitations of this volunteer service
‘at Report oF THE
fare evident. It cannot possibly take the place of pald officers
who do the original investigatio
Ihave 0 large @ body of misiness men to whom eases can be eon
nit itis of great advantage to
Aided, Uenally not wore than one, or never more than thie ae
entrusted to one person at the same time, ‘The active coopers
ton of the business man hag been of great ralne in seearing places
of employment for mang of the bos, I had personal interviews
swith several of the business men employed as such ofleers, and it
was Inspiring to uote thelr interest iu this work,
Still another conference demanding attention was the New
York State Confernee of Charities and Correction which held
fits mecting In the elty of New York, November 142546. ‘The
meoting was well attended, ‘The corresponding secretary was
chairman of the committee on the “Treatment of the Cri
inal.’ Twelve miembers of the commitiee of slsteen accepted
the conclusions of the report drafted by the chairman. The
report aimed to set forth some of the ways In which prison sys
tems of New York can be Improved. Ae it represents the views
of 80 lange a majority of the committee, it is printed elsewhere
im thie report as an illusteation of work that stil Hes before ws,
In addition to attending the State, National, and International
Prison Congresses referred to ahove, the corresponding secretary
tins been called upon to address ms
\y meetings and some
of hin time has been necessarily oc
pled in Inspecting penal
institutions. Monday evening, Getoher 16, at the invitation of
stor of the Reformed Dutch Chureb at
Rev. Dr, Mecags, Ps
Albany, I addressed the Men's Club and was given a cordial
reception by an intelligent ani.sympathette body of men,
Patsox Associa’
ox oF New Yorn. 6
During the month of November much of my time was spent
5m travels and making inspections
November 2
21 T gave two lectures at Meadville, Penn., Theo-
logical School on “ The Ni
nw Penology,” pointing ont the progress
achieved and work yet to be done. ‘The audience of its stndents
was increased by anditors from the city, and I mado use of my
slay in Meadville to visit the county jail and to expose in a
column of the local paper its wretched condition. The cells are
dark, outiquated and Mil ventilated. ‘The pr
soners are Tle. ‘The
woman's department, though brighter, is a yetitable fre-trap.
It Is to be ho
«d that public sentiment at Meadvitle wsll more in
th disection of a. new and better Jail.
From 2endville I went fo Buffalo, November 25th, and visited
the Brie County Penitentis
and on the same day also visited
the Monroe County Penitentiary
Rochester. My impressions
of these penitentinries and what needs to he dane to make them
effective mre given later in this report In denling with one jails
and_penitentia
Teaving Rochester Sunday evening November 26, 1 went to
Washington, arriving there on the 27th, I hada brief interview
with the Prosident In regard to the Intermational Prigon Coon-
mission. In the evoning I went to Baltimore and gave an address
on the “Indeterminate Sentence” hetore the Political Science
Chub of that city, a club compased of gentlemen of exceptional
Infelligence, some of them being members of the fuenlty of the
ns Tniversity
Johns Hopk
phy
when T was obliged to take the night train for New York,
(On December 4, in company with Mx. Wheeler, a member of the
others being lawyers, editors and
jelans. Disenssion on the qubject lasted until 11:20 p.m,
State Prison Improvement Commission, T had an interview with
46 Awsvat, Repone o7 Tun
Governor fliggins at Albauy. It was a great satisfaction to find
the Governor so mach luterested in the improvement of our penal
system and desirous of taking practical measures for bringing
this about.
‘On Wednesday, December 13, returning from & meoting of the
Probation Comission at Rochester, T visited Elmira for the
purpose of meeting the Board of Managers of the Reformators.
Lad also an opportunity for gn interview covering some five
pours with Ste Brockway, the Mayor-lect of Wlmira, who fs a
fount of knowledge and experience in penological principles and
their application
outline of some of the more Important én:
‘the above fs but a
rests which ocenpied the attention of the corre
gagements and in
sponding secvotnry dtring the year 1905, to which must be added
the meetings of the Probation Commission and the State Prison
Improvement Commission, whieh have required a lange amount
of time,
swouks 18 886 srura oF 1908,
During the prevent year legislative work at ATbany and also
‘at Washington has engaged a good deal of my time, An attempt
1
swith the great importance of the problems with whieh the Depart
a0 been made to impress Fis Honor the Maxor of New York
tion to. Hart's
ment of Correction has {0 deal, especialy in rel
Island Reformatozy avd the proposed building of a new peniten
tary.
‘An active campaign was made in Queens county against the
eqstem of paying the sheri so much a week for the board of
prisoners; and a bil was introduced in the Tagislature to place
the next sheriff ou the salary system. Owing to varfous political
Paisox Assoctasion ov New Yous. ir
‘and other complications, the bill did not past, One object of
those who resorted to dilatory measures was to seeure a continu.
ance of the feo system In Queens county for another term.
5a
mary Ist and 22 T visited Messnchosetts for the pur
pose of inspecting the prison at Deer Island and the State Paras
at West Bridgewater with a special view to prison construction.
also visited February 5, the State prison at Wetherssield, Con.
necticut, and studied the working of the Childsen’s Court in that
State,
On Sundoy, February 11, T addressed a wieeting of the Brook
ym Reform Association on the condition of the Raymond Streat
Jail, A committee v
18 appointed to cooperate with Sheritt
Flaherty in having King’s County Penitentis
ry Aesignated as a
jail go hat Raymon Street Jail might be reserved mainly for
those awaiting (iol, ‘This proposition was subse
yr pite-
rented to tbe commissioners of the sinkiag fund, who under the
charter
have authority to desigaate jails. The suggestion, sup.
‘ported by Commissioner Langtry of the Department of Corree
tion, was approved and a satisfactory semmgement was made,
On February 14, I spoke at @ meeting at Baltimore held in
Johns Hopkins University in regard (o a reformatory system in
Maryland.
During the months of February and March T gave ten lectures
‘on the New Penology at the School of Philanthropy, New York,
On Febroary 20, T lectured before the Colored Young Men's
Christian Association on prison reform. I” also addressed,
‘anday, February 25, a meeting of the People’s Foram at Mount
‘Vernon; on Sunday, March 11, the Universalist Church in New
Haven, Connecticut, and in April the Universalist Chusch in
4s Awnvat Raporr or THE
ending, Ba. AIL of these talks retated to various aspects
penology-
‘Phe meetings of the Tratation Commission made « Jarge de
January and Febenaey
mand upon my time di
05 and jst Vefove xetieing from the
‘AE the close of the yor 1095 and Jn
led a request to
: " avele fi at eformatory. AS a vent of
more effective and eeonomiend for the police departinent to ave
Je of serving warrants than to
fone oficer detail
‘commit it to two bundved officers not specially trained to do It
Since the tat of Jannary T have b
T appeared before the Flonse Com
1 obliged to make 2 nn
bor of visits to Washington:
mittee on the Census to urge the passage of a provision anthor
tring the Permanent Census Bureau to collect judicial statistics,
This
North of the Consns 5
nd offetally snpported by Director
Ps onally
wroposition, personally
Census
was favorably reported by
Frurean and passed the House; and né this prosent writing fs
awaiting the action of the Senate
T have also appanred vetore the Tudielary Committee of the
nreseatatives to nnge the passage of a bill to extend
‘House of Ri
the indeterminate sentence to United States prisoners committed
to State reformatories, ;
‘purough arrangetents effected by the State Board of Charities
{n the interest of pubtie education T gave a lecture at St, Joseph's
seminary, Youkers, New Yorks, Monday evening, Aprit 295 on
Pnisox’ Association or New Your, rT)
Sunday evening, May 27, spoke,at Wells College for young ladies
at Aurora, New Vorls; and Monday evening, May 23, at Colgate
University, Hamilton, New York, These institutions furnished
lange and interested audiences and are most Important centers
tor the development amd radiation of an enlightened public senti
On Sunday, May 20, Thad with Moa, Taartows, the great
pleasure of enjoying the hospitality of Hon. Wiltiam P. Letek-
worth, a vice-president of this assoctation, whose work for many
years on the State Ronrd of Charities and the National Con:
erence of C2
jes and Correction has secured for him the
gratitude and respect of friends of philanthropy.
On May 21 Mrs. Barrows and I both addressed a meeting of
‘tho Political Equality Club at Wyoming and in the evening @
meeting of a similar club at Warsaw, the capital of Wyoming
county. On May 22 T addressed a meeting at Buffalo held under
‘tho auspices of the Charity Organization Society with a view
to calling the attention of the people of Bulfalo to the importance
‘of doing something to relieve the deplorable idleness in Ele
County Penitentiary. Steps were taken for the formation of @
committee to cooperate with our association to this end,
‘
PROBATION WORK AT COURT.
(Of the several activities of this association (1) « the protection
of the unjustly (or excessively) aceused ” and (2) * the securing
of probation for fist offenders, with their subsequent oversight"
are the peculiar duties of our General Agent Me. D. E, Kimball
fand his assistant in the Conrt of General Sessions, Mfr, D. 1,
Sicher, where are handled all Indictments found by the Grand
Suny of the
of these functions oar representatives stand
In the perfor
in the double relation of servant of the Court and friend of the
deserving defendant, Assistance is preferably lent to persoos
too poor to have the
wits of their case properly pesented other
wise, but our agents are expected to report on all cases referred
to them by the several judges. In most of such instances the
efendant has pleaded guilty, and the Const, iu determining,
entenc, wouidordinntly how to sly wlely yon the momectars
Impresion made Ry the prisoner ase stood at the be aed pom
the statements of counsel ana other inter
not show up the detenda
tle facts, which while not admissible as
ed parties: and even
a jory trial nt in is full Jight or
bring out the wiany
evidence, may he vory far from int, Incompetent and im
material” to the question of proper sentence, Our agents are
able to have a. personal tall with the defendant awaiting senten
1 he tested. "Phe
18 well a8 the whole train of cansal
{in the ‘Tombs, Ils frankness aud penitence m
impelling motive is sought
factors. efesenves of previous character and reputation can
Parsow Association o” New Yous. aL
be examined and the allegations of complainant and of officer ver!-
fied or disproved. A report haged upon such investigation before
sentence ig ealeulaied to bring (he judge into closer approxima.
tion fo justice, and hecomes at once a hoon to the defendant and
service to the Court. Tt is indeed to be regretted that limited
resources confine such investigation ta the most obviously worthy,
for much of the faihure of courts materially to lessen crime is
due to the stereotyped disposition by them of otlenders without.
full knowledge of individual claims and needs,
In all’ this work, though the heart suggests, the head rules;
and though the immediate distress of the Individual makes its
strong appeal, the ultimate community.good is always kept in
view, Where Iaek of diselpline and training have started a young
man towards the ranks of habitual erime, no mother's gelef mist
te allowed fo keep him from the saving influences of the State
Reformata
and where extreme leniency with a dishonest em-
ployee would surely tempt his fellows fo similar theft, a recom:
mendation to the Court's greatest merey would be unkind philan-
thropy. Tndanite tact and sympathy axe constantly required, but
‘o he really’ effective, judgment must be joined to sentiment.
Five hundred and forty-two eases were carefully investigated
the year, all of them felonies, ond one hundred and titty
wo were released In the custody of the association. ‘The number
maining on probation January 1, 1906, was ni
cty-seven; and
imety per cent, of all those on probation during the year are
doing wel.
Actual eases will best bring ont the manifold charweter of
the work, ‘The following tecorit of cases commétted to” our
Goueral Agent, Me. D. B, Kimball, has been written by his ecient
assistant, Mr, D.F. Sicher, assigned to this work by the University”
Settlement on its Probation Fellowship.
PROBATION VIGNETTES.
Our attention was drawn to a mere cbit of @ girl hovering
round ihe Grisinal Court building with an infant clearly not
more than a month old, Fler lusband had been arrested two
days after the birth of the child on a charge of highway robbery
“We found him in the “Ioys" Prison,” —a bluceyed lad of twenty,
bowildered and distracted, and telling bis story with an unerring
Seankuers tliat compelled belief, Towards midnight ke was cou:
Ing down the street from a meeting at which there had heen
beer, when he collided with the complainant, who had also been
‘3 wore exchanged and the complainaut
@riuking. Mandlin blo
fell. With the forgiving Cellowship. of the tipsy, the defendant
‘was helping fiim to bis fect aud grasped a zither the other had
been carrying, when tle oftcer appeared; and because his iusteu-
‘eat had been damaged, the complainant pretersed charges which,
fn the Magistrate's Court, were mageified into robbery. An as
signed lawyer had trieked the defendant into pleading guilty to
‘a somewhat less serious charge, as the quickest way of closing a
case in whieh the counsel could not hope to collect a foo. Noth:
1g could now iaduce the defendant to withdraw his plea—(even
hhad that been wholly advletie)—and await irial; the suspense
‘of delay was 100 much for oth the hnshand and the wife, who were
fm that feame ef aniad which lends to suicide, Tuvestigation
proved that the defendant had heen working regularly from boy:
hhood to the very night of his arrest and was now the sole support
of wife and child, Frequent conversations with the prisoner and
Poison Association or Naw Yous. 53
close observation of him in the Tombs convinced us beyond all
Goabt that his story, however incredible at first, was absolutely
true. ‘The facts were laid before Judge O'Sullivan, and sentence
was suspended upon the weeping desperado, with a stirring ad-
monition fo sweur off drinking. He was then led, dazed and faint:
ing, to his wife outside the Court.
A middleaged German mechanic, with unbroken references for
honesty and sobriety, had pleaded guilty to felonious assault upon
his wife, It appeared that after several years of married life
he had recently bezan so to burden her with jealous accusations
that some mouths before the assault she sled from their home in
Toronto, Canada, ‘The separation grieved the husband deeply,
and a search was at once begin that finally located her in thir
city, Forgiveness was asked and granted, and reeonelliation was
just complete, when snddenly the renction of the Jong suspense
Inducing temporary insanity caused the man to whip out a
pockellnife and ent his wife's cheek
‘Tho attack was really
nade dusing a momentary aberration and was nt onee segretted,
bat the woman in her frst fright lodged a complaint, ‘This fear
soon wore off, but the defendant already stood guilty at the bar.
The wife, a sick won, was wholly dopendent on her husband,
‘and in spite of his unwarranted conduct loved him dearly, visit:
ing him doving his six weeks? imprisonment and intereeding ia
his behalf, Judge MeMahon was somewhat dubious about
releasing a man of such dangerous moods; but in the meanwhile
we had been re
soning with the prisoner that if his suspicions
‘were well-founded, his wite would he the frst to desire his being
put out of the way, instend of coming forward to urge his release,
oa Axnvat Revonr or 7x
‘and finally he was so convinced by this preschment that sentence
could be safely suspenvted, The prisoner has been given to under
stand that at the first symptoms of recasting jealousy, he will be
sentenced for the full term of five yea
= At the present writing,
however, the pair are living Tike turfledores; am honest man is
‘thus saved the brand of Sing Sing and publie charity spared
‘the maintenance of the wife.
‘Though frst offenders receive prior consideration, our agents
invostigate all cases refered by the judges and, in general, stand
between @ two eealous police oMicer and a deserving defendant,
eeonds for convictions
‘The police me naturally seeking to make
find It Is very rie that the officer has something good to say of a
prisoner; one with & conviet record can be painted as the
quintessence of crime. A set of men whose Insiness it is to re
piss exime; who stand as the sworn enemy: of fhe ollender; whe
unconsciously magnify the pranks of exuberant boyhood into
felonies and desextbe almost 2
ed as * the leader of a gang?”
who have to endure the jecrs of their follows when an
surest cuds in an acquittal ;—auch men ean Teast of all be expected
to recognize vetorm In an exconviet, Tt becomes, therefore, the
pocnliar duty of onm agents to help a defendant with “a record”
prove his efforis towards rehabilitation
Aw
jed man, not set thirty, bat with a ree0rd of several
early convletions os a plekpacket, lind pleaded guilty to « erimin.
ally receiving stolen goods,"—a fire years offense. ‘Phe police
were excuptioually bitter, because the ex
re had gone unpunished
for
cnrly two years, the prisoner had skipped bail after the
original arrest and had now been extrafited from Cleveland—
and he had record.
Parsi Astoclaviow dit Nuw’ Your. 58
‘Thorough investigation hy us, however, verified at every point
the defendant's claim that for the two yeara since the commission
of the crime he had teen leading an honest life. Just prior to
the cxhine, he bad wor the love of a pure gitl, and ia wootng her,
had so fally concwaled his past that—(to quote the person through
whom we Investignted that part of his story)—it was understood
in the town that “the girl had marvied well!” Con
York atter the marriage, Ue had lett off aten
‘of weakness allowed himself to buy from former pal a seat
ing to New
1g, but in a moment
pin which he knew must have been stolen, He was detected and
thrown into Jall;—that was his wife's frst intimation of his real
history. But she stood by him—and her Adelity made him desper-
ate, Tn the Tight of his record conviction was certain j—amd
after that a long term in Staies prison. A bondsman came to
she coeurity T shall furnish is go mueh straw;—ship bail.”
"The couple fled west. Por two years, strengthened by the en-
during confidence of that child-wife, the man worked hard and
honestly. But the wife was homesick, and so, armed with a
letter of recommendation from his employer, he started enst with
ber. On reaching Cleveland, they were detained, en route, hy the
‘woman's sudden Hness, One evening, as the man was going out
to get modicino, he was recognized by a former New York detective,
and as a pockst bad just been picked in the immediate neighbor-
hood, he was promptly charged with the theft. ‘There was no
case against him, but dusing the proceedings it developed that he
was wanted in New York for having criminally received stolen
‘The sieely fingers of the lew
"The offcor who had
extradition papors.
property—nearly two yenrs before.
‘mechanieaTly venched out and closed him in
orlginnlly arvesied him journeyed out wit
Jean Valjean roust return, to the galleys.
56 Aswoat Rupone op 13
After an investigation which included correspondence with
several eftios we were able to present to the Court documentary
roots of the man's story, It was then argued that the ehtef end
‘of modern criminal yroceduce is the protect
‘of society through
the reformation of the offendes,—and where could such reforima-
tion in this case be better found than in the proved induenees of
the wife?
take this defendant from her for any length of
time would only subsiitute a bad environment and raise in the
man’s mind snd doubts 9s to the possiblity of ever living down
the past.
In view of the bailskipping, and the extradition, and the extra
ordinary insistence of the police, the Comrt could not go to the
length of suspending sentence, but instead of the fall fiveyenrs!
confinement in States prison the defendant was tet of with a
‘short term in tho penitentiary, where he can keop in touch with
ls wife, who is memwhile bi
convming her living in
city by needlework,
A yorng German, only a few montis in this conutry, had robbed
‘a woman who befriended him, anil investigation further showed
that his thefts dated back to his very landing; in fact, that
thongh without « proved conviet record abroad, he hail been the
Aisgrace of a respectable family and had vivtually been dumped
by them upon this country. "The immigration authorities were
asked to deport him on the ground tat Le bad become a public
charge within lest than a yenr of residence, but while admitting
or his ene.
hla undesirability, they could not make the law cov
Close questioning brought out that the prisoner had an uncle
fm this city who did not care to own him. ‘This man was wed
Prison Associaston or New Yous. st
by ng lo pay for his nephew's pussage back to Germany on the
grounds of sottinterest, as the cheapest riddance of an unwelcome
relative, After mature consideration i¢ was decided that it was
Dest for the boy—a mother's spoiled darling—to undergo the dis
that the uncle
eipline of Bimira, but this much was gained,
‘agreed to keep in tonch with the nephew and give him another
chance at the end of his term, instead of leaving im, a friendIese
outeast, inevitably to dritt back into erime.
‘The legal basis of probation in the minds of the jadges is thekr
old common law right of suspending sentence, and first offenders
‘vere not infrequently spaxed commitment to an institution long
befor
the probation method, as such, was ever formulated.
Probation, however, marke a distinet and necessary advance.
‘The creation of officers with the special dutivs of the work allows
a nicer discrimination of the worthy from the specious, and best
of all, supervision, friendly or disciplinary, after release. Un.
dor « mere suspended sentence—especially in defaalt of careful
dack, u
amchecked, into evil ways, and unless the complainant o* the
initial investigation—the enlprit may duit warned and
cer happens to bring this tact to the notiee of the judge, the
lefendant may not again’ he valled to account, until he comes
lap for some fresh crime as 0 second offender. Except for the
indelible stigma « suspended sentence in many cases amounts
0 little moxe than an acquittal. Under probation, on the other
hand, the defendant remains for at least half a year under a
kind of cnstody, Weekly reports at our offee and occasional
visits to the homes or places of employment serve as reminders
of the hanging sentence. Probationers falling behind ia there
58 Axsvat, Rupous op arn
reports are immediately warned, Such delinquency is often an
carly sign that something is wrong; investigation follows, and
Mf friendly’ aduionitfon falls, a hench warrant ieenes at onr ve
‘quest, the delinquent ja returned to the Court for @ reprimand,
or another taste of the city prison, or perhaps for execution of
the
ispended sentence. Tt ts further alied to offer friendly
advice and even momentary help {0 the probationer
A few concrete cases will best illusteate in different phases
‘the obvious superiority of probation over mere suspended sentence.
A stalwart youg driver hnd teen responsible for the loss of
some Liquor from his truck, by reason of his becoming tipsy
through an unwise “treat” as he sot out with his Toad. Me
confessed to baving received @ few dotlars as hush-money from
‘the real culprit, who had taken advantage of his coudition to
‘execute the theft; bmt except Jur that, his offense was intoxiea-
tion muther than disiionesty, We weve loth to xecommend pre-
ation for thie defendant, 9s his eernpation was low-class and
his recent associations not of the best, but « number of persons
vouched for bi
previous good conduct, his parents were decent
people, snd he had shown commendable testing in the way he
had tured away in fears, the fret time his mother visited him
at his cell, ‘The benefit of the donbt wae gecorded him and he
was paroled in our enstory, on condition that He make restitution
by iis own efforts Er
ports were veguiar enonigh, but his
whole bearing showed steady deterioration; the offects of tippling
Friendly reas
d unsettled emptor ning and, then, threats
‘were without avail. Finally, on our recommendation, he has bees
returned on a bench warrant, snd, at this writing, will probably
Patson Association or New York. 59
be committed to the Elmica Reformatory, where an effort can be
made to wean him from liquor, strengthen his will, edueate his
mind and his hend, and at Jeast-start him upon some more Iucra
tive and defined oceupation than thet of longshoreman and driver
An intel
ent Dookkeeper, alveady turned itty, had falsified
his accounts to the amount of two hundred dollars, Fle had ones
been welltodo, and even up till a year before, his aged mothe
hhad been ms
sl in great comfort by @ rich nelntives but
‘nally, on the latter's death, she had heen thrown on bin as her
sole suppont, Not ltaving the heart to ask her at the age of
Jghty-fivo to change her stantard of living, he struggled to meet
expenses by working after homes, Desponilent and failing in
strength, he begau to drink, and thus steeled, resorted to crooked
measures. His employers had been very conklderate to
him and felt the apparent ingratitude so
keenly that they
refused to hear the Importunities of detondaut's counsel. But
probation made a distinct apponl. Appvised of its workings
and of the causes of the defendant's larceny, they agreed that
Jock vf eouviction wold
toa man of his years and enlihre th:
be lesson enough, provided his weakened will could be sustained
by just such surveillance as probation provides. Accordingly. they
joined in the application for meres, and Indge Foster—thougis
lly severe with most cases of abused business confidenco—
paroled the prisoner in our
offered to him,
custody, as soon as a position was
Prison would surely have ended his earning capacity and meant
the death of the lonely mother. ‘Today this probationer has
quite recovered himself, and by curtailing expenses, is secking to
60 Asavan Rerour op nm
‘make full restitution by instalments, ‘Thus does probation not
only leave the offender free to smpport himself and his depend.
ents, instend af ble being maintained In a penal institation, with
his coonomic efficiency forever impaired and often his family
Ghrown upon public charity, bué the victim of theft can be te
cconped by the personal efforts of the very one who wronged him,
A youth from one of the Sonth American republies had been
tempted to steal when his remfttances from home did not keep
pace with his needs in ony Rolemian city. Tt seemed unwise
economy to maintain this foreigner in the reformatory, with
strong prospects that as a nesnlt he would afterwards remain im
this country, esteanged from his family, n soeial parasite; and the
condition of the complainant mado it very desirable that the
Tosses should be recovered. ‘Through the local consulate of his
fatherland cominpication was had with the boy's people, * Arter
many works the auswer eame:~pes, the thefts should be mde
‘g00d bunt the boy might not retuen home until he had proved by
honest and diligent Talior that in the futwe he would behave
better than he had heen behaving fm the peal. A friend In a
Western city was mentiouod as the mgt man to take the tad in
charge during his probation, Correspondenee with this man an
fan investigation, at owr voquost, hy tho Chief Probation Omeor
of hia eity convinced 18 Ghat the bos"# environment wonld not
bbe bad. His resoluifons were surely good, for three months in
Ye Tombs, without visite, deliencies, and even fresh clothes, to
gether with the storn attitide of his father, bad brosght him to
f realization of the consquences of theft. On our recommenda.
tion he was allowed to go West. where under the friendly super-
Patsow Assoctarion oF New Yon. a
vision of the probation officers of that elty, be is now earning
the right to be received ome as the mecessor of his Spartan
father,
In return for his confession, a butcher boy, indicted for grand
Inveony, second degree, kad been allowed to plend to petit larceny,
1 misdemeanor, thus baring him from admission to the excellent
State Reformatory for felons at Elmira, "The boss exeuse was
‘hat wishing to leave the complainant before the end of the month,
he had yon refused pay for the time he worked; whereapon,
im desperate need, he had stolen to cover the amonnt due, Several
former employers were referred to, and an mucle agreed to eare
for the defendant until he might again support himselt. AB the
amount was triding and the provocation apparently strong, the
judge was Inclined to parole the boy's but following a clue far
nishod by the complainant, we were able to show that this
seemingly wronged ond gulleless fellow bad ouly a year before
Deen paroled from Special Sessions. Obviously it was wisest not
to let him Believe that dishonesty and falsehood might be con
finued with impunity. Probation had failed with him; sterner
measures were necessary. As a result of our investiga
tion, this tad is just finishing & brief term in the new city reforma-
tory for misdemenmnnts,—a diseiplined and, it is hoped, a more
straightforward boy,
A bright follow, eighteen years old but took
younger, was advised by the Captain of the Court to request
investigation by the probation officers, His yerifed story ran
‘hat ho had been impetied to leave his howe in a distant ety
Axsvat: Rovonn of an
by the hostility of a step-tather; d
een committed to @ juvenile asyhtm for running away on the
in fact, he had previously
same account. There he had partly learned a trade and bad
now come to New York to secure work at it, Unsuccessful in
his search, he hed taken a job as betl-boy in an hotel, and at the
instigation of the night clerk (inter committed on another charge)
‘he trad stolen n small stun of money and a bulldog, and drifted
to a Southern town, attracted by Its ships. While waiting to
sign in, he reflected ou his erime, and, in a penttent mood, walked
over to the station houee and suesendeved limself. ‘There was
no knowa charge against him apd he hind fo be held as a vagrant
‘until it was determined that he was actually wanted in New
York, as he said, Tn tine, of course, Khe was extradited, along
with the dog, of whiel he had taken better care than of Iimsett
Plainty, there was good in a hoy whose conscience wonkd prowpt
‘him to umprovoled confession and who hiad taken the dog not for
{te money-ralve bat for companionship. Even the officer was
attracted to the Ind
rhe defendant was without money, home or friends; it was,
‘of course, 2 radical step to urge probition, Tut he seemed so
eciteelisut (in spite of his institutional rearing), he bad a trade,
and be seemed to need friendship and an opportunity more than
ferthar discipline in an institution. On being paroled, be was
provided by us with money for food, clothes, and a shelter, antit
‘on his initiative le secured employment and a home, Gradually
‘he has been Huding frieuds aud @ good environment, and though
‘at times he shows instability—(ihe call of the sea may grow too
strong at any our) —he will succeed under the hetpfel guidance
of probation, if ever he cam snceeed at all, In the face of his ante-
ccodents antl early surroundings.
Paieon Assoctati0y or New Yous. 63
arigcEcsaNeous ACTIVITIES.
Much of the work done is of the sort that does not appear
im statistics. ‘The general agent is constantly sought out by
persons ignorant of the law's ways, the rights of the accnsed,—
and the tricks of unprineipled lawyers, Oue of the saddest of
these unrecorded duties Is solacing the relatives of sentenced
defendants and explaining to broken-hearted patents the regula:
tons controlling intercourse with their sons in the State Reforma.
tory at Elmira, Still another unlisted task is giving deserved
saistance in the application for pardons, A more frequent fane
‘on is enfoguarding against the sonevy practices of the “shyster
Not long ago a yonng woman, prematurely old, stopped tne
general agent in the corridor to inguire where a certain Jawjer
could be found. She was sure there had heen some mistakes
er hushand’s trial had been adjourned so many times, Te seemed
thst by pawning her welding ring and borrowing from sympa
‘hetie neighbors, she had managed to pay Atty dollars to a vam:
ine lawyer, who now demanded as much more to save her hus
and from ten years in States prison for am assault of which
ie was really Innocent. Investigation showed that the case had
Deen adjourned on the lawyer's excuse that he needed to com
raunieate with an ontof-town witness,--his real object being to
1e more time in which to extort additional money from a
‘rightened, helpless woman. ‘The prosecuting assistant district,
attorney was asked to look up the ease, and agreeing that it was
too weak to warrant trial, recommended its dismissal. ‘Thus
the poor defendant was set free the day after the matter came
6 Anwtat Resowe op ma
to our attention, ‘The family was given clothing
money for food in the Teliet department of the ascociation.
Whenever a persou plending not guilty is without means to
hire counsel, the Court assigns to dafond him some ove of the
Iawyers in reguiay practice in General Sessions, In theory, the
lawyer's recompense, in defanlt of a fee, Ix the sense of pro
fessional duty fulfilled; in prnetice, it means—always with 9
few important exceptions—that the impecnnions defendant might
almost as well plead guilty at once. A good-natured hint to the
Tawser thy derstand he has been assigned as counsel for
so-and-so lnvaribly ipsures the prisoner more eonsideration,
Another trick of the “shyster” is to advise a plea of guilty
and then ask the Conrt for an lavestigntion by this association,
If it is a proper caso for probation, such disposition is of comme
recommended and the lawyer extorts the largest fee possible “ for
having secured a snspended sentence.”
Of course all interference ie carefully avoided whenever the
ver is earning his fee, however excessive, ia accordance with
na ethies,
Every once in a while we axe invited by the grand jury to
help settle certain cases im which, especially im default of suf
ficient evidence for indictment, a marvinge Is for the best Interests
of the community. Our part is to deterntine whether the prospee
tive bridegroom consents solely as a means to escape prison and
hhas it in his heart soon to abuse oF desert the wife
Recently it was found that both parties had long been be
troftied but had neglected getting a certifieate of marringe. ‘Then
Paisox Ansoctatiox of New Yori. 65
the young man had been prevailed upon by an unserupulous
‘broker to filt the girl for the prospects of a marriage with money.
He was now thoroughly ashamed of this cupidity and eager to
go through the marriage ceremony. ‘The Jewish chaplain of the
City Prison fied the knot in our office in the Criminal Courts
Building, and the pair are now living happily together.
‘Such marioges may be open to criticiem, but unless the man
is. moral pervert, they are usually preferuble to prisop for him
end @ life of shame for the woman. We are alwars glad to aid
Jn determining from a tlk with the man, just when suck eases
can best be settled by a marriage coremony.
Finally, the work of our agents is # constant opportunity quietly
lo imevlcate in complainants and lawyers the more modern prin-
ciples of eximinal science. The sueviting advocacy of punish:
ment and retribution must be opposed by patient insistence on
‘the moral and economic advantages of reformation and probation,
ot the least important activity of our agents ia therefore their
‘small contribution to the campaign of education.
5
STATE REFORMATORY PAROLE WORK.
‘The prime object of Elmira Reformatory is to protect society
Dy reforming the criminal. Tt dees not attempt to At the punish:
ment fo the crime but £0 fit te criminal fo Jive ay a free mam
among free mien, Ite methods are to study the physical, the intel:
Teetuat aud moral defects of every inmate and then to deal with
‘each one according to his special nceds. They all need schooling,
for their education has heen neglected. Hunmedintely and per
sistentle they are disciplined, trained. edneated in Juan and
heart, mind and will, until habits ave begotten, habits of right
king, rhuht desiring, right willing. Tf these habits are sud
clently ingrained so that they persist nmi control the man when
he Js again at therty, he is reforwed er formed over and society
is safe, Now it i the function af the parole ofie to help Elmira
fest its theory hy giving the man s cliance to prove imself, Dut
Ro sch man has a fair chance ro prove himself uatil he has a
ehance to work at some faiely yemunerative, honest industry
“Tdleness is the devil's workshop” Is an old proverb, never more
fearfully Thustrated than among the class we have to deal with
‘So it Is recognized as am axiomatic necessity that the man shalt
g0 to work when he i paroled, and right away.
‘The Geet duty of the parole agent is to investigate offers of
i. They come usually either from feiends or from employers
Paisox Association ov New You, o
‘who have teen solicited by friends. As a rule these offers of work
are made in good faith; but investigation has shown that a small
mindrity are “fake offers, made hy some irresponsible persia
and for the sote purpose of helping the prisoner to bis liberty
‘an offense which should be ponishable by atatutory law. Not onky
fare “fake” offers sitted out from the gemulne by such investiga
dons, but employers are made to feel a sense of obligation ia
regard to the mau they take into their employ. ‘They axe urged
to give him a “square deal” and 40 promptly notify the agent in
‘case of the boy's mishehavior. In this way employer ax well
ws employee are in 4 measnre put under bonds
So far as possible the men are paroled to work fn places where
they may follow the trade tanght ‘hem at Elaaioa, When this
eaunot be done, they are offen, Inter, transferred to such places
Probably the majority of the men continue to work for the em.
ployer to whom they are paroled until they secure their absolute
release, Although It is against the rle for men to chango jobs
withont dhe consent of the parole agent, i ig an elastic role aud
nly drawn taut when suspicions are awakened of « disposition
10 get on withont work ar to over up # croaked course by ehang:
ing the business address, Tu the majority of enses the man's
wages are adyanced, sometimes even doubled, during their proba
‘ion and permaneney of employment assured,
‘The men are for the most part paroled on the 20%h of each
nionth, Those coming to New Youk, with few exceptions, report
at ont office the following morning. Hexe they are registered
and given explicit instructions abont making thelr reports,
‘These reports ate in the form of letters weitien to Superintend-
ent Scott telling him about thelr work, wages, expenses, savings,
6 Axxuan Revoar ov 3a
land guneral conduct, These letters are brought regularly to our
office for inspection, certitieation and record between certain dates
of the months after which they are forwarded (0 Elmira. The
agent reads these letters, notes their contents, inquires of the
writer about prospects of advance in wages or possible chance of
Improving his condition in other ways, and endeavors o impress
a litte ev
him with the importance of saving something, ev
‘wook, and, if possible, opening a bunk account. Tt ie right here
‘that a genuine brotherly sympathy aud a spirit of helpfulness
should be felt and expressed. Hore is the opportunity for en
ouragement, approbation, wise counsel, caution, oF reprimand.
‘uo wages range all the way from 85 per week without board
to $85 per wook, the Jatier snm being recelved by an expert
accountant,
One of our paroled men started in as deck hand on one of the
schooners, Hlaving nd previont experience, he became second
mate in a conte of months, aud before his absotace release was
grauted, was made tret mate with som
show of being made
captain on one of our coasting vessels, The love of money ” it
‘was said by ove of old “is the root of all evil” It is cettainls
taproot of much er
but the desire to save money honestly
earned Is the most salutary ambition of @ paroled man, the
surest guarontes that he will not steal another wn’s mouer.
Although the men are instructed with “Iine upon line aod pre
cept upon precept” about the duiy of making monthly reports,
‘here i Ikels to be from one to Gye meu in every section of tine
‘who ate delinquent. Sonietines this delinquency is due to for
getfulnest; more often to indifference and wilful disrogard of
Panson Assoctarion or New Your. oo
instructions. Whatever the cane, it is important that the éelin
‘quent shout be found oF reminded of his pledge, and warned of
the serious consequence of violating his parole. If he canpot be
found, if he fails to report one month, experience teaches us that
‘we need not expect him the second month; that he is almost sure
to dvep into the class from whom a warrant for arrest and re
turn niast be xought:
‘The vast majority of the men report regularly, The fexture
‘of these monthly reports which fe most couspienons and ix-vastly
sigaitieant, fg the delightful nionotony with which they express
their gratitude to Superintendent Scott for all his kindness to
them while in Ehniza, Tp many a familiar talk they have com
fided to ws thein feeling that “Mr
ever knew.” “Tle ts a king, a prince, among men.” “He made
cott ie the grandest man T
nor cease to thank
“1 shall never forget bi
a mn of a
hin” Te ene np to me” said one, “soon after T went theres
Twas sitting down with my face iy my bands and was feeling
fwfol Dive, and Mr. Scott put bi6 arms arouud me snd spoke
ght up.
1 fell you, T would do ansthing for that-man, it seems to me
some words to me so Kindly that they semed to litt
ome time I would give my life for that man. When I get money
evongh Tam going to Ehniva to see him. He isthe grandest man
Lever knew.”
Again and again have T heard words auch as these from the
What a aplendid tribute is this, vot
Ups of Bimira boy
only to the reformatory system, but fo the man who Is at the
ead of it, If anything could transfer a doabter into the most
“incorrigible optimist,” it is dally contact with young men who
have been under the spell of this remarkable personality
Axnuan Reroer of 71
Som Mowritey Reports
Here are a few sample monthly reports, ‘The first one was
written by a young married man,
Me. Score
Dear Sir.—It is with great pleasure that T write you this
report, Informing vou that Tam ia the best of health and getting
along very nicely, and I also hope you axe well at present. I
fam very thankful to you for sending me the year Dook and T
don't think I will ever forget soar kindness to me during my
stay at the veforniators. Tam very glad to say that T have nut
and he toll
me only the other day chat T could work for lla as Tong as
do what Js right and behave myself, aud T certainly have done
s0 since I came home, and intend to do so in the future, T
hhave earned $58 during the month of May, including one Sunday
T have paiel my rent, which fx $10.50 a month, paid stty ceats
to the union, and bought clothing for my wife and myself, and
paid for eatables for the month, still saving $7.50. T hope this
report will prove satisfactary fo sou, T will now close, sendi
you and all the officers my host regards.
Your obedient servant,
TRG.
missed a day since [went to work for Me,
Here is another one who has opened bank account.
Svpnenvresnass Score
Dear Siz—I tnke great plensure in making my report. T am
stil) holding position with the same frm and like it very much
Tam sure you will be glad to kuow T have quite a bank aecount,
$15; so that should I fall sick or am accident happen to me, 1
‘can bo independent to some extent. Since I have left your
Institution T have tried to be something of a man, though 1
acknowledge 1 have a few bad falts; hist those T feel eure will
right themselves as time goes on and T grow older. T bought
my first suit of clothes Inst waek, for which T paid tan dollars
and a now bat for two, leaving me « balanee of Sfteen. 1 am
getting along nicely with Mr. R, and he las no faalt to find with
me, and T often have opportunities of testing my self-control,
Paros Assoctario ov New Yor. n
which it took such a loug time for me to leara. I paid dearly
{or the Jesson, but I am reaping a tonfold benefit, thanks to the
reformatory and its government. And now I must end, wishing
yon wany years to live and that the men under you will take the
opportunities within their grasp. With Kindest regards for your:
self, T remain,
inceroly Fours,
In the thied letter which we offer, the writer, an Italian, remem:
hors the old folks at home,
Mr. Seott—I let you know that 1 am working by briklyr
labor, up bronks part, and T made this month dollars 20, and
T by a suit for me! and my brother law went away to Taly
‘and I sand some money to my father, dollars 20, I do not
po with bad frends, I all ways speck ‘ith good pepleos with
Bod repost and To not amoke much, abont 2 package cgars
A week, Ond I am yours tr
‘The fourth letter we offer because of its quaint expression and
simplicity of thought, It is by a Japanese,
J.P. Scott, Bsq—I am glad to write a lines to you as a report
‘of by condact of the outside world. My health is well, and
stadsing the books when Ihave the time, always trying to got
tealy happiness from the heart that no ome could not steal of my
pleasure. Your kind and your sympathy are giving me a great
‘encourage for my life, When the sun is sit down T often thonght
about my parents, I only know I have many thanks of their
love for me, T can imagine mother always asked me “tell me
what I learned in the school todas.” I have no trouble with
my parents up to this date, but very sorry I have a long freo ride
in the country last year. Now, time is golug away, and toxday
| chance to be good for me.
When the paroled man has been out eix months or more and has
made at Jeast six regular monthly reports, and no fault is found
With his conduet, he Is then recommended to the Board of Man
Axnuan Revors oF 1m
agers as one worthy of absolute release. We have never known
‘paroled man to fail to keep accurate account of just the number
of reports he has made and is yet to make. When at last he
receives his absolute release, he uswally Seans it intently and saye
something like thie, “It fs @ Little ploee of paper but means
Jot” And the agent with a serious word clasps hands and
wishes “ good luck,” and not seldom with a tinge of sadness in
his gladness.
How Do THE nova TUAN our?
‘The answer to this question dopends. Here is a man in the
cabinet making business who took one of our boys one Monday
and paid him for a week’s work on Saturady night. The next
Monday morning when he entered his shop, the soung man was
missing, Dkewise the costly tools be had provided, besides the
tools of fellow workmen. That employer came straight to our
office and swore a big oath that Elmisa Reformatory was a
‘magnificent humbng, ‘That paroled man was the frst he ever took
from Elmira, he said, and it will be the lust. Good-bye!
Here is anotber mav, a painter, He has offered to take @
boy into his employ, We inspect the place and interview the
man. “Ihave been in this business,” he said, “ for a good many
years, T have employed altogether probably a dozen Elmina
‘men and 1 never lad a single one that went crooked with me.
YM take another.” And he took him, a thirteenth one, but not
unlueky, for the boy has just been granted his absolute release
‘The first man was pecoliarly unfortunate, as the Inst was pecu!
javly fortunate, It {2 safe to say that in a company of thirteen,
‘some ove Will fall down before you get up to the thirteenth
Tt is said statistics will lle, We think they will not, if you
hhave them all present and answering the roll call. The trouble
Paisow Associsti0s oF Naw You.
js we often take a vote when there Is no quorum present. I
ight say for instance that during the last year there were 630°
‘men paroled and 77 warrants issued, which ix true; and T might
cay it proves that only a little over 12% of the paroled men
went to the bad, which would not be true. That list of 77 war-
yants includes some lesued for mere technical delinquency tr
making reports, Tt ig true this is a violation of the rales, bat
jt Js not a erime, as commonly wnderstood. The delinquent may
in or ont of the elty and actually at work somewhere but
has concluded that it is immaterial whether he reports or not
eo long ax he is at work, However, the probability is that bis
allure to report is coincident with dissolute if vot criminal
condvct Bot that list of 77 fails to tell the wholo truth in that
It hides from yon the fact that some of your Elmira paroled
ep every year are arrested on bench warrants, not Elmira
warrants, and sent to Blackwell's Tsland Penitentiary or straight
to Sivg Sing, ‘Thus it will be seen that the relation of onr
Eluira warrants to our number of paroled men is only in a
very general way an index to the reformpatory results of our Work.
Nor is our list of absolute releases @ perfect index; for it
rust be confessed that some men keep straight enough to stagger
through their term of parole, reporting regularly and securing
their novorable discharge, yet within 2 year or (wo scandalize
Elmira by committing crime and going “up the River." It is
frequently stated that at least 80% of our paroled men are never
‘again enrolled among evimfnals, Possibly this per cent is a Little
too lange, Possibly 75% is nearer the truth.. However, we do
not need to know just what the per cent of the reformed actually
fs to be absolutely certain that the reformatory system in its
treatment of youthfal criminals is justified by results, ‘The men
74 —_-Rerour ov 7ue Paisox Associastos oF New Yor
‘who are sent therw are from 16 to 80 sears of age. ‘The average
age of te boys now reporting at our ofice when committed was
‘4 fraction under 20% years. We axsume that stich men are
duman and being human, are worth saving if we can save them.
Bren Packingtown makes much of Its by-products. The old
“ savage theoty of retribution” looked upon the reformation of
the crimiual as at best a mere by-product in the process of pro-
fection, hardly worth a tin ean. ‘Throw the stuff to the social
dump!
‘The criminal wo say is human, Perhaps in some cases even
when under 30 years of age le is incorrigible. Tow can we be
‘sure of that except by training and testing him, and what can
possibly test him better than the very lessons whieh fest us all—
‘education; education of body, mind, heart, conscience, will, Tt
he cannot be made over, he can at least he sitted ont as chad? from
the wheat, as a moral imbecile, 3f such theve te, and segregated
‘and society protected from hia depredations, And the reclaim
able, how sll we (iad them out! How. except by schooling them
as society in genoral has failed to school them. ‘The paroled
men frequently speak facetiously of Elmira as * the college on
‘he bill.” Te is more truly a kindergarten, or primary or geam.
Tae school, It teaeties the rudinents of personal and civic
virtnes and endeavors to stamp the lesson in on nerve and élbre
‘with practice, How can such lessons which have helped to make
intelligent, industrious, self-respecting, law-abiding citizens of us.
fail to have a salutary, ennobling. eivilizing influence on our sons
and our brothers, whether ia Elisirs or ont of it. Shame on us
‘that we have been eo blind so long to our simple duty to the
wayward child!
RELIEF WORK,
Be Guouay Suton,
ny charge of Reel Department
‘A long ime ago a good old English divine, standing in the
market place of his native town while « tan about to be hanged
was going by, exied out in the bitterness of spitit to° those about
him; “bat for the grace of God there goes mpsolf!” Many of us
Ihave tong since learned that “sinners” are very scarce, or very
numerous, as the ease may be; and that the question of thelr
scarcity or plentifulness depends entirely upon the way we defing
the term.
‘The best of us might have Deen worse, the worst of us might
hhave been better—had cineumstances been changed; change the
environment of the early years, and the little “saint” becomes
the grownup sinner, Aguln change the circumstances, and the
Tittle “sinner” becomes the grown-up saint. So we reason from
these premises that the criminal is simply the man gone wrong.
‘That the optimism of the world is not a0 harsh and narrow, co
‘unresponsive in eympathy foward the unfortunate as some people
reason, is evidenced in many eases which come before us, two
for three of which we will mention.
During weekly visite fo lackwell’ Island Penitentiary last
February, to Interview prisoners about to be liberated, our interest
was aroused in one Andrew M—s, a Spaniard. He confided
fo us that he had formerly buen emplosed by a large
‘sbipping house on Hanover Squace, as their agent in South
America, at a salary of #100 per month and commiscions. With
76 Revowr uF me Paison Assocratio’ ov New Tors.
‘out informing him of our intention, we corresponded with the
house, who sent one of Its representatives t6 our offce at the
time of Andrew's liberation. ‘They met and had a conversation,
fat which thme he was told to come to the office of the house and
hhave.a talk with the manager, ‘The vesult was he was reenguged
at his former salary nua was at once seat to Santiago, Chile, bis
old post.
SUM anothers one Miclael D—, who had been sentenced to
Blackwell's Island for one year for petit larceny by a lange pack:
ing house on Broadway, where he was working, eanfided to us that
wife was the cause of bie crime, Upon investigation we
Sound the facts as stated and caresponded with 3% V—, who
informed us Wat he would employ hint upow his release, whic
De did. ‘The man ix now doing well in the same position
More cases might be cited to show instances wherein the man
gone wrong has redeemed himself, Without abating @ jot or
tittle of condemnation of the erime, let us make haste to help
‘him to redeem inset
The following it « siatistical record for the year 1905, but baze
statistics alone ean tell Title of the charneter of the work which
rust be done in this dopariment. We are dealing not with Sgures
Dut with men
apLine mparrtes, 1906,
Dinharped piloaae registered = 1089
Furnished tools to eae oo
Furnished transportation fe 82
Namber days temporary work given in aang fe 8
Stendy work obiained by....-+. oe
Garments given so : 951
Lodgings. SUE locenoarateiseseree 39
Meals given
Books and magazines sent to prisons.
JAILS AND PENITENTIARIES.
Emie Coury Pexeressiany.t
November 25, 1905, T visited tho Hrie County Penitentiary,
uifalo, the population of which on that day was $17 males and
27 females. This penitentiary is made up of two structures, one
n old building of Ave tors with vexy small colle, the other a
prison built of steel about ton years ago at a cost of $100,000,
Jn thi building the cells are of larger size and the apparte
nnances are modera, yet strange to aay, there is not a prisoner
in the building, When asked the reason for this, it wan stated
hat when prisoners became idle atter the amendment of the
constitution, the Tnited States prisoners were withdrawn, ‘The
ew building has a capacity of 209 cells. ‘The old building is ”
‘uote convenient for administeation purposes. The cella in this
bnilding are altogether too amall, and it would acem that the
new building onght to be used to the full extent of its eapacity,
while the old building ought to be remodelled and the colls
oalarged.
‘The new prison Is not, however, what it should be in sanitary
oqmipment, Huckete would have to be used there as in the old
prison.
But my main object in visiting the penitentiary was to inspect
the conditions of Inbor. T found 55 men working in the tailor
shop, 22 working in the kitchen, and other men disposed in di
fovent paria of the building doing routine work, but the great
6 Asavan Revonr ov He
imaforty were ubemplayed. These are'eserised in the yan for
au hour and twenty minutes cach day. Tt costs abont $70,000
to ran the institution, The anonnt dv for the boned of tate
elonens forthe reir 1005 wae RERGEL. The amount received
from the labor of convicts 10 productive industtlen for the reat
ening Sepieiter 80, 905, was but 935%
Iron, mag, le, were $0,082, dhe otal secelp te lng $97,506, 0 hat
the county of Brie has ga neome fom the peutentiry smounting
to but ttle mowe than Dall of the $7,000, which 5 cost t0
maintain ft, aud of this amon $2021 i contibuted Dy the
state
Bafa Is lange cliy and undoubtedly & great deal of wook
‘could be done for the city at the penitentiary if dhe supervisors
‘were so disposed. In fact if the supervisors obsexve the law
requiring prisoners to be kept at work six days im the wee,
there fe euough labor required to manufacture the supplies £or
the schools, the police, the te department, and other depart
iments of the city government to ocenpy all the pelsoners In Exe
county and to relieve the emnty of the dolicit of nearly $40,000
requited to snpport prisoners in idleness,
Mostoe Cueser Pestmnveany
On the same day, November 95, 1905, I visited ala the Sfonroe
Connty Penitentiary ait Rochester, the population of which on
‘that day was 240 men And 85 women. ‘The conditions here, botl
‘Anancially and industrially are somewhat better than thowe in
Erle county. Abort 240 auditions) ares of land were bougiit
last winter and taken possession of on the frst of April. Th
land [a situated aboot @ mile south of the peuitentiary, so that
Parsos Assoctarios of Naw Yous. °
men can work there and come back to the institution for thelr
‘meals. In this way during the spring and summes, prisoners
may be worked on the farm. During the last year the county
has received about $3,000 from the saio of farm products, which
were sold 10 a canning factory after enongh had been reserved
for the use of the institution
About sisty prisoners on an average are detailed for prison
duties, ‘The rest are maintained in idleness
Stare Exresnrrree pou Paserestisny Pewowrss,
One is impressed here, as at the other peuitentiaries, with the
Jarge number of men who are sont there at the expenso of the
State. The amount due from the State for the support of pris.
ouers kept on State account during the last sear war $15,346
Of the whole aumber of prisoners for the year 1829, there were
chargeable to fhe State 960 men. Of the 280 men in prison at
‘he time of my visit, November 25¢h, 108 were chargeable to the
State, OF the 108, 28 had committed felonies and the rest were
tramps. The Siate pars the same rate for all prigouere—30
cents a day, When asked whe peisouers were sent to the pent
fentiary on the charge of felony instead of to Awbura, the clerk
could not sty. Most of them are sent from the high court of
Monroe conety. Some of the felons are sent for a year and
some for eight months. ‘There were two at the time of my visit
sentenced for eight months, The mit of the sentence in the
Penitentiary is a year and a fine of $500, whieh reckoned at the
rife of $1 per day is 500 days, making the maximam sentence,
‘ithout commutation, two sears and 185 days.
‘The penitentiary now charges visitors sn admission fee of tex
conte sind received rom this source $50.10 during the last year:
90 Awsat, Report oF 3mm
‘the population of the pentitentiary would be Tanger, but a
good many counties aro Keeping their prisoners at home. The
otal expenses of the penitentiary up to the 30th of September
for the year were $37,000.
Tt cost something over 32 cents a day, including salaries,
according to the clerk's ealeulation, to take care of the prisoners
go that if a prisoner could earn the small sum of 35 cents, he
‘would make good the cost of his keep to the county or State.
‘the average sentence for tramps ranges from 30, 60, 100 to
130 days. Some receive but ten days. When asked why such a
“difference was made between 10 or 100 day men, the clerk replied
“that it was Jost as the judge happened to feel
there wore S17 tramps and 409 vagrants, a total of 726, all
lof whom are maintained at the expense of the State,
White at Rochester, I took oceasion to look up the receipts of
tho penitentiary hefore the present constitutional amendment was
passed, ‘The receipts above expenses during the years 1804
41897 were as follows:
$8,289 61
ast 19
17.966 00
28,980 00
“White it is not desirable that any penitentiary should be ran
for the sake of making a proft for the community, there would
‘seem ‘to be a golden mean somewhere between making $23,000
oat of the prison throngh the Industry of prisoners on one hand
and having # defeit nearly a8 large on the other band became
prisoners are kept in idleness
During the last year, the penitentiary, Tam fold, has come
nearer to paying expenses; but it must be remembered that this
oF New Yor, a
Pnisox Aw
4s partly due to the fact that it receives more than 15,000 for
the support of State prisoners,
Ta onder to learn the exnet amount paid by the State to the
\ifterent peattentiaeies for the maintenance of convicts and
tramps and for money and clothing fmenished the same, T wrote
‘ompératter, asking for the fignees for last year, Tn a
iw dated Tecember 1st, he tnenishes. the
say comnts. spanipeaes teense $8441 78
Evie cowaly. esaseeine fee BLTAS OL
Sins county... 28,075
‘oniroe eonnty 13997 17
New York county
Onondaga county...
king a total of. ‘$103,617 69
irhus the State Se paying $103,000 a year for the support of
vogranti, (raaps. amd felons fn yonitontianies, only a very small
peveentage of whom aye engnped in aur Work. ‘This ts another
vent for the emnirnd Wy the State of penttentinries over whieh
want St as no authosity
1 this dinection to seek for the passage
?eison Conunission to transfer from any
jonlreniinetce snan committed to these institutions
fof the State in oper that they might be assigned
of productive labor?
Another anomaly in relation of the State fo its prisoners T
discovered at the Monzoe County Penitentiary at Rochester.
6
Asan Reronr oP ‘ark
Under the State Jaw, prisoners sentenced for felony receive on
Alschange a sult of clothes and a sum of money not exceeding $1
‘During the last year the Stnte has paid $431.84 to the Monroe
Connty Penitentiary, of which some $276 was for elothing. Now
the Stale manufactures cloth at the Auburn State prison
stead of buying cloth from the State and having prisoners at
‘the penitentinry make it up into suits, or instend of buying suits
made by the State’ prisons, the Monvoe County Penitentiary buys
clothing for prisonecs in the tuilor shops of Rochester, and dur.
ing the last $216 in order to clothe prisoners with
garments made hy free Inbox. ‘This is ouly one of a great munber
of contmadietions and anomalies which show the noed of State
control.
Oxsi0s Covsry.
‘There are two jails in Oneida county, one in Utica and the
other at Rome. May 28, 1906, I vistted the jail at UHea, The
total population was 61, of which six were women, Twenty-five
‘wore In for drunkenness. Their sentences saried from 10 to 60
days. Six prisoners were avraiting trial
In Oneida county they have a combination of the fee and the
salary system, ‘They pay Ghely sherll? $1,200 a year salary and
¥2.25 a week for the Dosrd of prisonors. ‘Thus the sheril’s salary
a comparatively small; but in making it sofilcient and
abolishing altogether the nefasiows boanding house system, the
county hae a combination system which dovs not work well in
either direction; the salary Is tuo smal! and the persistence of
the fee system continues the motive for keeping men in prison
for the sake of vealizing a profit on their board
‘There is sulliciont yard room adjacent to this jall whieh might
be utilized for shops or for exerelae or the out-of door employment:
Pursox Associanion or Nuw Yor.
for prisoners. ‘Three years ago the supervisors gave up the work:
1g of prisoners ou the highways; now prisoners are in absolute
ileness,
Twas impressed with the need of some reformatory’ for mis.
loweanants, Here was a young man nineteen years of age com:
wilted for a year for petit larceny, which means that he is to
sonain in this jail without schooling, without education or pro-
Active labor for an entire year. Tn committing a young man
to such punishment, docs not the State of New York indict
ielt as well as the unfortunate boy?
8. J. BARROWS.
ADDITIONAL INSP
br Taapee €. Bannows,
‘Two weeks in March, 1908, wese spent by me in visiting the
jaile in the western part of the State, The counties visited were
Wroming, Genesee, Evie, , Monroe, Ontarte,
Yates, Wayne, eve tn 9th alt in ene
The object vf tion was i te Inspeet the
institution: ‘ cael
fae to compare j
or saloxy
of that part of the &
be a disposition to sit
when the 7 oi of too
with an tunposi e nt, takes ite place, The
ordinary « it Lid duty ‘ie done when ils bea ‘been
ccomplisho’ oud the architectuse of ifs sHllage }
« boon chang
to this exten
best shining steel ate
thing bot a wrvtehed place eatit the
housiug of tat spivi, 1s changed
Comparing ol Giugs with e saws 10
Ghyongh the mina seo tho faxp lat conditions
nd he ie tempted lean . ines.”
hence this jail must ba a godly place res fir
aye," this jail must be very igh ware Meavens or “Pity is abl
to love," this kindearted jailer, who lias go muh compassion
Pnisox Aswoctasion op New Yous,
for the victims of the law, must soon conquer them by his aifee-
lon. But a tidy jail, au orderly administration and a compas
sionate jailer, all exeelient concomitants of desirable adminis:
funtion, fall away one upon the other, like a sow of bricks, at
the Impact of the ever present jail system. ‘The ontside of the
cup and the platter may shine, but there is poison in the chalice,
hero Is death in the pot, An Inspection of these eleven penal
inatiiulows wonkd have left @ discouraged feeling but for the
splendid pubtle spisit of the men and women in the various
vontieg, ‘They know something is wrong and ave sendy to help
right matters, if they eam find out just what to do,
A brief mmnning veference to the separate jails may make more
‘ident some of the iminediate needs.
‘The tt Jall ta unbar its doors was the stee! one, with 12 calle,
fat Warsaw. A new sheriff is in charge, a man who bad haa
esperlence as an under officer, He made the impression of an
ionest, intelligent man, The jail was almost empty, as eases
Jield for telal ind just been disposed of, and yet there were
some men with sevtences running up to ix months, They may
e lela for n year and that happens occasionally. The * Indies?
ward,” as they ealled It, was In the second story, as was the
place where juvenile cases were held till disposed of, aud where
cipit visoners are Kept. There was @ light, airy hospital, as
ie case In all the newer jails. Unfortunately the jail
oversbadowed on one side by @ coul shed whieh shuts out com
ely the sun fvom the corvidor and cells on that side
‘This sheriff, who is under the fee system, waa of the opinion
‘hat the boards of supervisors would think: it too expensive (0
send short time men to distvict prisons instead of to county
Jalis, though he botioved that if men broke State Jaws they should
86 Avwust Report op sare
be punished by the State and not by the counties, As a striot
temperance man himself, he was distressed at the rovent focal
votes whieh had taken away the licenses from the hotels and
loft it possibte for drug stores to dispense aleohol without
Physician's prescription, matiug tho worst kind of a* no-icense
town.” The result ts a large amnber of aleoholie “drunks” iy
‘he jail, who ave considered the most serious cases of intemperat
meu, He favored closing all saloon ding drag stores
sell spirits without physician's proseviptios, and having a decent
bor in the hotel under the law. He also afrongly favored havin:
‘he jails used only for men awaiting trial and for witnesses,
Several otlor cliizens of Warsaw echoed these sentiments of the
Sheril? of Wyoming county
Gesnsnn Coowry,
At Batavia the handsome new jail looks Ike a fine castle ant
It was spiek and span clean front the front door of the sherill:
comfortable drvelling to the last eull of the upper ties, where
young man was et ctee despair for the disgrace he had
brought upon bis fe throweh nis sudden criminal deeds
He was awaiting trial, as was also the lad of 14 in the adjolu
ing cell
In passing ft might he said that this bop's case seemed excep:
tional. ‘The guard, who acted as conductor, iu the absence of the
shevif, said that he was in there for “stealing electricity.” Hl
seemed to have an uncontrollable Gestre to work, or play, with
that strange powor, and had stolen batteries and wire and tapped
telegraph Hues to meko bis experiments with. It seemed: wort
while to call the attention of some of the good women of the
town to the case, fo see if the boy was mot a. subject for pro
Phison Aszocianion ov New Your. 8
bation ana edneation, and the good women promised to look
after him. ‘This case shows how impevative fs @ probation offcer,
and a wise one, It wontd be of no use to set such a boy free upon
the atrests without guidance aud oversight and discipline.
Not only Js the Jail new in Batavia, but the sheriff has been
on duty omly sinco January, and the turkey had svon bat a
week of seveive Dehind locked doors, He was so very new that
hie stilt spoke to the rough, uncouth men lounging in the corridor
with a cheery, “Tn with you now, boys” when he was ready to
servo thelr dinner, As a housckeopet this ceremony was interest
Ing to the undersigned. Each “oy” at the summons stepped
{nto his coll and shut his door. ‘The turnkey turned the lever
and they were all locked In, Then he carried into each corridor
42 large bucket of bolling water frothy with “gold dust.” ‘This
hie put on a floor in a corner, A pail of drinking water he hung.
uup on the outside of the stecl framework so that each could put
is hand through and Sit his eup. An attendant then brought
in q dozen shiny tin pans and put them on the floor in front of
‘he cells, wlien he wihdvew and the doors were again unlocked,
0 that the men were free, Tn each pan was a tin mug of eoffes,
with two or three fat slices of white bread, some boiled beef,
potatoes and gravy, a boiled beet and a spoon. It was carefully
aemanged and really looked most appetizing, which is more than
could he said of the towel thrust through the bars for wiping the
cups and pans affer they should be washed, each man doing St
for himself in the bucket of belling water ‘That towel was the
only really dirty thing to be seen about the premise
At the time of the visit there were 18 men ia the jail, about
half of them under sentence. ‘The fee aystem prevails and the
shovitt recelves 20 cents a meal for each ono served.
Axsvat Resort oF 2
Familiarity with that method bad not yet bred contempt with
‘the community evidentls, but the now man, acenstomed to bus-
‘ness methods outside, said Hat he thought it would be better
for evershody If the sheriff hain tse He also ventured
the opinion that if “seomed queer” fo men a man ont Just as be
had Tearned his business, “Wy ere ts not
a man who has a Word ef fault fo And with the tase sherity
‘There was no one who could bring In mien better. He vould
always flod them. Bat os enon ae he Tenrws li trade he las to
go and by the time the present sheriff line learned to do his
svork lie will have £0 go} tafut businesslike
Enip Cours
‘The Erie county fall, {a Bullalo, is o striking building. Five
tiers of cell, one atiove anoth onena count afford the
Inmates nevarendin, pment ne They tool: dawn non what
Is going on 12 one
were eating their supper at a
‘There are 150 calls
55 there ie her
‘who bad for may vents keen a ofices fn the penitentiary
‘that the salary ersten was “very fe supervisors,
and undoubtedly far better for the eonnts
In the penitentiary at Buffalo there were 360 men and 20
‘women. Tt was given a8 a tenson that there were #0 few women
that the women arrested in Tinflalo are sent ta 9 private Catholic
institntion, where they van mangles and Go ather anaes works
‘The keeper spoke as though they were a class utterly insuseeptible
Prison Assocation ov New Yor. 89
to reformatory treatment. Many would be too old for Albion
land they were so given to drink he believed “the only way 0
eure them would be to cut their heads off.”
‘The men were folting on their beds or playing cards or checker,
great strong looking ereatures many of them, ‘The Intelligent
keeper who served as escort, in the alwence of the warden, has:
arded he temiavic that these wives were probably taking In wa
Ing ¢o suppout themselves and ehildven, while the busbands were
‘vat aud well-fo living iu idleness al the expense of the State,
or the conaty. He added, the people outside, the labor people,
Gon't understand it. {was alking to eae man and he sald,
well, we don't waut prisoners to compete with the labor of honest
nen? Tagld “woll ft Is Jat as had for yon because you have to
pay their Keep in prison? ‘ow do T do that?” asked the fellow
‘By your taxes? sage 1. ‘0, but T don't pay no tases? sald he,
‘then you don't yay vour rent, say T, ‘If you pay your rent
you pay tases and our taxes Keep these good for nothing men in
‘The west sing of the penitentiney, which was the ome on ext
tion dosing the Exposition as a model prison, ja not used at
ail. At stands Jn majestic silence, Jocked and empty, ike the
homse of ariel family alsont in Euvope. It weuld aftord oppo
inity for nbsolnte separation of prisoners, but the county seems
to be geting on the asvanntian that human eliarseter ¥s tess val
ale than cant, x0 if svestos the pobsibilities of improving men
and saves on the Fuel DilL, ‘Phat the penitentiary is stil rather a
show phee Te evident feyun the fet hat Just year's visitors’ fees
Ono of the vin jas Halo anost interesied in reform im this
enitentiauy, wheve there is sad need of reform, is the Rew. H. J.
9 joa Revour ov THe
Macekel, 8, J., professor of philosophy in the Cathotle collece
‘and acting priest for the pentientiary. He devotes much timo to
he men while in prison and in Guding them work outside axl
watching over them after they are relensei. He is evidently
power in that cormmmniiy. Im a conversation with him he ©
pressed himself as almost in despaie over the idleness of the me
in this district pyison with all the evils in ite teats, He thins
that work of some kind should be found at once, and that attr
the men ave enrned what If costs fo feed them they shoold be oI
lowed to work for their families. “ Why," he exelaimed, «showid
wwe shut these mex up and keep them idle, support them at the
expense of the county aud make thetr fayuiies « pubite charge?”
Why indsed? ‘That Is a question eat every one except the super
visors fa aeking:
Father Masckel algo called attention to the difieulty of finding
employment for men who have tain so Jopg idle. They axe net
sirong enough (0 do haed work and they have 30 money to
then ovor {ll hey can do it, The trille they nscelve on les
‘the prison is quickly spent for tob news
lodging, and ther ave in pores
extra work have a Tittle money laid up for this emergeney It wo
be economy for the county. “y" sald he, “they ennnot work «
‘things that can be sold in the open market, why ean'e they wor
at things that cau bo used for public iustitntions? There le
ell of easing that short thne men onn’t he emploged beean
they ore so emplased in other cities” It wos evident that 1
professor of philosophy las a very practical side to hie
He said that mattors were far better when men wore sent out (
the quarry to work, He did not know what matfgn influence kel
broken that mp, for it was better than nothing, He stands ready
Patson Assoctarion of New Your. a
tohelp in any plan that shall look to the improvement of methods
in this penitentiary,
Nacana Coury.
‘The Niagara county jail at Lockport was built in 1802, with
55 double cells, besides the padded room nnd the hospital. It is
said to be well ventilated, but, though it was 2 bight sunny day
‘outside, the odor of a sinoky kerosene lamp, by whieh a man-in
fa cell was wading, filled the whole atmosphere of the piace
Abont half the inmates were waiting trial and the rest doing
time. They work in the chain.gung, breaking stone, but as it had
heen a snowy morning they were not at work, lolling instesd on
thei beds, The place wos untidy, £or which there was no excuse,
fas the men could have pat it in order, ‘The sheriff was not at
home, There seemed to be « general exodus of shevitts from the
jails of westerm New York about that time, There were 22
nutans Cousere
Orleans connty has a néw jail, of steel construction, at Albion,
‘This county soflexed much from the evils of the fee system. ‘The
sherif is now under a salary. But twelve men were under cou:
‘Anement, three of tHem waiting trial and the others under short
sentences. The jait was in good condition save for a leak in
he utility corridor, which the twnkey said was of recent oc-
emmmence and would be remedied at once. Tdleness of course
reigned supreme. Tt did not seem to the kespor important to
provide work for eo fow. ‘There was this curious thing to be
observed: where there were many prisoners they said it was im
possible to find work for so many; where there were few it was
not worth while to attempt i¢ for such a emall number. ‘The
92 Axnvat Repors ov au
golden mean was found only In the woman’s Flouse of Refuge,
where industry riled every whore
Wowas’s Mouse oF Revue, AION.
It was a. great relief co the disheartening influence of the jails
o walk up the bread, wolltaid, avtiseial sagstones of the House of
10 a€ Albion and fo ace everywhere evidence af thrift, econ
and praet \ined with a good external
pearance » wvuded the atmoephier
Te was at i th aon. The Hal
walking thee ov fos
for the winjuvity were fu
he ny
Ira the
was given to
How clean
snowy curtain sprends Mas,
ohnson vised to : ‘ howe that
all coutd enjoy : a1 effect of
Just this one di 2 of givis who are seut to
‘such am Instieut © sins develop the 1
ward clea the House of Refnge stands. I
ina trang ot be kept wp to this standard
Dut there Is au Immeasurable dstan. a wespeot betwoen
the cleanest of the junntes of tke elegnest jails and these wouen
at Albion
‘Two now cuttages ave in pracess of evection and they can be
Peisox Association or New Youu, 98
fished none too soon, for every corridor in those in use is
crowded with cots where the girls mst sleep, If is doubtful if
‘hose two cottages will long meet the growing nesds of the Retuge.
evtiaps they cam wait for more tN after the Stage hae given them
chapel, for along with their clean habits they xely on, the pore
dnd simple guepel fur its inslacuce on character, a ineans of vefor
ition stadlously neglected én the jas v In one jail when
fad why thay never had any religions serviees the keeper re
plied: “I xom shanti hese the men talk ahont Ee and about the
people whe da_6 fy a while to preach €0 them, you
wonldn't be susytised that we don’t enonstage ft. But then you
couldn't, it's just blaepiicnons, Of eomse we aen"e supposed
{o hear it, but it gots tous all the same” Yb did not seam to
ayn over him (het this veer spivit showed the need of moral in
uence of some kind on sack mon
‘The ussal fudustvies of sewing, dvesemaking, embroidery,
avin, basket winking and Lowseworls ave followed at Atbfon,
addition the gists have (hein own gardens in ssmaner and work
te Towns and in the flelds, There were 210 gitls and wornen
«several babies iu the sitwation, A “travelling library” from
Iauy, which is exchanged every six month, well used and
elected, The school hours ave busily employed,
‘ln pavt of fie washing fur the establishment goes to
the faundey, nt each cottage washes all the stockings and hand:
kerehieds of the Inmates
‘The discipline of the iastitution seems to be & happy mingling
of kinduoes and fivioness, Fimphnsle nmst be Taid on the demand
for a chapel), for the girts enunot all assembis in the yoo used
for that purpose, snd they are not as easily satisfed to be teft
out of seligions observances ag the men at the penitentiagy xt
ou ANNUAL Repowr on sua
Bnfulo, who tuke tmns diferent Sumdaya in going into the chayel,
fs there is not room for all at one time.
Mosnow Goose
‘Bie Monroe county jail in Rochester was nearly empiy. No
ren wore there mader setence, thoagl there ate accommodations
for 8 home provers
‘he Monroe county prultentiary hod JOL men and thirty women
4 inva, the Tongest sete of an’ yoman bg x month
{A number of tie men are Srat fenders and under tity, bat
‘here sexed fo bea feting hat it was better to keep ancl men
ing dinrict yin thn to ave thes sent elsewhere, Fronts
during the f00d month of the year sont 150 are worked on the
éauuitol forin whieh Ties alk abut and Ixyond the bafeings.
‘the onperiniendent, Captain Webster, would be glad to have
eoiployment for all the jamates during the whole yenr. Indeed
no one sees more clearly thau an fatclligent man at the head of
such a place how absolately nevessary Ie work for the upbullding
fof the man, They axe not willing to aubeeribe to any teaching
whieh makes labor a curse.
Owranto Coursey,
‘The little jail of Ontario county, at Canaudaigoa, ad but
29 men in it, all nuder sentence, as court had just closed, One
rman was under sentence for A sear, another for eight months,
‘There, as everywhere, intosieation was the chief enuse of the
wisomment of these mica. An excellent stone yard, uader a
partial root, with plenty of fresh alx, opens directly from the
Dnailding iteelf, wheve for eight home « day the prisoners erack
stone for highways, They eat at A wellsconed table in an ad
Patsox Assoctanion op New York.
joining 00m, one end of which, shut off with a screen, makes the
sltehen. The offcers thonght the salary systom for the sberilf
fur better than the old fee system,
Yarts Coos
The Jail in Yates county is in the attractive village of Penn
You, A comfortable sherie honse faces the street with tne
iy jail at the veae, where a gatlant dog eballenges every comer.
sherll, of course, was out of town and x0 was his wife, but
fle motherly cook who was up to the elbows in fous, making
cool things for “the boys” testined that Mr. Potber was “a
Iiighty nce sherif” She was not empowered to unlock the ter
‘ier the prisoners, a mere handful of them, were shut up, but
se coutd show the upper tier of culls and the general construc
ion of the jail. Tt is of the usual steel type, but in one of the
usted cells was a revelation of what, might be in every jail, a
vile of fees, lean mattresses. Tt was the only one that hed stich
"rhowiag. No matter bow clean the building might otherwise
le Vere was uot one that bad not fithy mattresses. ‘The loss of
freedom for sixty days is as nothing to a eleaaly person compared
With the thought of steeping on such mattresses eight houre out
of every twenty-four. Yet they ate made of nothing ut cheap,
(orton cloth amd excelsior and there fe not a fail where men now
lying idle could pot make and Keep a fresh supply of these on
‘nov at almost mo expense to the county. It fsa mere matter
of decent housekeeping. They could st least make slip covers
whieh Mond be washed every week. ‘The eame is true of bias:
eis They ane auch too hears, Two thin blankets are warmer
‘ud niore comfortable than the stilf, thick thingy they use every
‘love which hecome like impervious felt if they are ever washed,
96 Annuat, Report oF THE
though they do not appear to have been in most cases. If the
walls of the cells were of lighter colors, the blankets of lighter
weight, and not so dark, and the mattyesses had slip covers, an
element of cleanliness would enter the jails that would add to the
health of the little community as well as to decency of appear:
anee,
It was not in cleanliness alone that tis jail was conspicuous.
From the lower story came the le tones of @ parlor or
gan played by skilled hands, 5 the poor fellow waitiay
trinl,” explained the sympathede cook, ‘hat was the most hu
manizing influence discovered in the nine county jails of western
New York.
Warne Cous
‘Wayne county was the last visited. The jail is in what looks
like a pretty cottage fronting the public park of Lyons. The jai
proper is in the rear and at the time had few inmates. ‘The sheriff
was asked hoy salavy system worked in this eo
confesced that the commissioners “do not kick at
longer.” but 1s for himself. he preferred the
added, with not mpatural regret, “Ro far as T can And out the
sheriff used to get out with $20,000 to the good and T have to put
up with something like #1200.” Tt is not strange that the county
commissione: not kicking and that the pnmber of inmat
has come down to such an extent that it seems hardly worth wl
to keep up the jail.
Tae Sar, Sy:
Why keep up the jail system, as it is kept up? ‘That was
asked of every intelligent man connected with them. ‘There was
hardly an exception to the reply that they serve no good purpose
Peisow Assoctarion of New Yous, 9
except as places of detention for men under sentence. Probably
ight ont of ten of the offers who talked nbont the matter would
prefer to have all men doing time in a xeformatary for misdemean:
nts if eligible to such 9 place, or in Elmiva if that wore thelr best
uetion. One and all confessed that there were no jalluences
for the betterment of the man fn the jail as at present conducted,
so industsy, no persoual torch, no religions elevation, Tat that
seemed fo be about the ssmmit of thefr education fm the true spirit
cf reform, Like the Hindoo who does things because bis ances
tors have always done them, they fuherit and accept the old
{raditions of communal fife for Jail iomates. Tt was discouraging
to see new jails, so ew that all the bravery of the dst gray coat
ing of paint over the ate listens, expressly bolll to further
this soctal instinct that mua ather Apc together.
‘Though exck man has or may have, if the jail is not so crowded
as fo conipel them to donble wp, his individual eell at night, yet
‘ven thon he can reach his hand ou€ sad seceive or pass objects
nto the adjoiving cell. At eight in the morning each cell door
is walocked and the common comidor, separated by an open
ill from the officer's corridor, is free to them all, the young
and the old, the experienced thief, the steeped in liquor vageané,
and the fellow who is theve for the frst time. ‘They “pase the time
of day?” they play cards and other games, they read the papers
Lf they have thom, they gossip, they plan future escapades. Tt is
disheartening. If a man among them is inclined to better things,
to reading perliaps, or writing, he must do it In the dim se-
clusion of his cel, where the light percolates through several stee!
* grils, or sit on the floor of the corridor, and if is wot fayoruble to
American literary habite to sit on a cold stone or steel floor for
1
ANsoat Rupows op se
hours of reading. ‘The result is they retire to the cell and loll on
the bunk, Why; if the men are expected to spend thoir a
is corridor, there should not be as many Gxed seats as there
are cells ig something a woman cannot find out
There Is avother imdying tradition, Choe seme Warder to kill
even than the fief, Ghat anyway men awaiting teial should te
allowed to miugle freely. Why.” saps the wonkl-begust jaitor
££] they are found guilty, would
fe convlets? Why
wwe even give them hetter food than we do the men doing time.”
hey seemed to think Ht would be thw helabt of exnelfy to deprive
them of all society. They wonld not Jike ih" they said, Pra
ably not, the guil nat thos evs,
who are wrongls 2 ety sme to a
without trial, would be grateteal apart from th
evils of the place, and there is but one rele to corer all cases, and
that is te pat eae a he shall aot come a contact
with any other hese soem tw he ne dawn of the day that
shall see such a yeform, Tt would be m alep towand i thongh if
only men waiting trial were jails and S€ atl offions were
sent to reformatories of ome kind or another, for mistlemeanamts
for felons, for the inteaiperate, for the vagrant ana the tramp
There is no class so hopeless (iat the institution to which they are
consigned should not hare reformstery Influences,
‘To aceomplish such reforms there nmst be concerted action in
‘the varions communities anit that can be had. Not a county was
visited where publiespiniled men and women were not found.
people: ready to help when they know how, Practical methods
must bo devised for mecting the difieulties, Ast perhaps Ia the
larger placvs where the nocd fs greatest: after int the smaller
places will fall into Tine, Tf the necessity for ocenpation of some
Parson Association or New Yor. 9
sort, voluntary for those waiting for trial and some sort of instruc-
tion, At least mnoral and religious, were impressed on the good
people who are at present densely ignorant on the subject,
some plans might be evolved whieh would help to solve these dif-
ficalt yeoblems. Meantime still greater efforts should be made
for getting all penal institutions under the control of the State
Why, for instance, should New York State pay, as It did lust
year, $21,745.91 to the Esie Coanty Penitentiary for the care of
tien over whom the State ifself should keep watch and ward?
Why showld that Savisible dividing line between the felon and the
mindemeanant consign one to the county and one to the State
Without any reference to what is best for the individual man?
And if the indeterminate sentence is good for vertain men who
lave ao forfeited their rights as to come under the discipline of the
State, why should not the same principle apply to alk?’ Why let
the inebuiste spin in and ont, and in and ont, of the county jail,
‘with the expouse of his axtest and rearrvest, up to eighty times,
fs one man seen on this telp, when with proper discipline he might
be either made over into a man, or Kept steadily where he could
be sober and usetil? ‘The county jail has long heen tied in the
Ddalance and found wanting. Something better must be devised
for such inmates,
Daily Inbor is necessary for the wellbeing of all nen and
‘women, It rst he fornd for then behiud the bars ag well ae ja
freedom and when the value and blessing of labor, morally and
physically, is appreciated, the sherii® may write about the cot of
every prisoner under his charge the words of Charles Kingsley
“Thank Goa every morning when you get up that you have
something to do that day, which must he done whether you like
it er not, Teing forend to work and forced to do yonr best will
Doréed in you a hundred virénes whieh the Mlle wever know.
BROOKLYN DISCIPLINARY TRAINING SCHOOL.
To the Executive Conmiites of the Prison Association of ew
York
Gentlemen
T herewith submit an informal neport of « visit to the Brooklyn
Diseiplinary Traini of the report
made thereon to F hich E read
at the meeting of the Exeentive Committee on Mare ath, 1),
I visited the Brooktyn Disciplinary Training Schoo! om ‘Puce
Charles D, Hilles, Superintendk
Asylum, Mr, Ferrel, the Superintea
dent, was that very day at Albany, opposing the bill for the abe.
Hition of the justitution. Consegnentis, he could not seceive ws,
and an assistant went road with ua, also the Dresident of the
Board of Managers, Mz, Adler,
think that Mr. Adler and the officers of the institution mean to
do right. T think that they are very badly handleapped hy sose
matters over which they have na eontwol. ‘They are not respon
sible for the fact thet ther have a very bad building, totally una
ted for the ase to which it fs at present pnt, nor ave they respon
sible for the fact that they have, I Judge, quite Inferioe help, re
ceiving such help, incinding teachers, trom the list of persons wito
have taken the Civil Serviee examination, and from whom atone
they are compelled to choose. Furthermore, the salaries, ne 1
$udge, are fixed in accordance with the law governing te en
ployment of persons by the monielpality. ‘The consequence of
these restrictions on the power of the diteetors to manage the
institution is that they have an inferior stall, at high salaries
‘Therefore I do not eare to change either the Superintendent ©
the ditectors with mismanagement of the iustitution; but at
the institution is extreinely inferior, I have no Kind of doubt. It
is a congregate institution of the worst type. T nover before
‘an Institution for boys in which the wash basins were in the do
mitories, Admittedly, the beds are entirely too near together
and the dormitories too crowded, ‘The rooms used as workshops
Prison Association oF New Yor. 101
fre utterly ill-edapted for the purpose. Excopt as regards the
nnilitary deill, which was very good, the discipline of the insti-
tution was nat good. While the military wniform is pretty and
rinarently good, the boss were evidently suffering sreatty from
eal on the day we wore there, which was a raw day, amd one
for two hoys whom we saw, who were not ia uniforni, were ap:
parently elothed only in blve drilling, @ very shabby’ and poor
material for clothing, and one utterly unsuited for eold weather.
‘One small boy was crying bitterly, and when Mr, Adler aaked
‘wbs, his companion replied ke was erging from the cold. Mr.
Adler seeuied to xecoypize the justice of it and advised that he
sont in doors, This boy had ontr this snit of Ailling on.
"The work In the carpenter and wood working hiss is far more
faneifal Bian Jb Se eduentionnl. The eetaol rooms axe uot at all
rrell adapted to the puypose, abd while I cannot say positively as
to the hours, J doubt whether the majority of the ehildven are a
I fime in school. ‘The dining veom is very sminviting,
and waile there is a good yard, it is surronnded by a high fence,
aspect of the pines is depressing in the extreme,
senile Asylum was for superior, ie my judgment, to
‘the Brooklyn Discipliuary Traieing Seliool, both in situation, a
tuinistration and equipment: yet, os rou know, we felt thae it was
not the place to conduct onr work, and have changed onr system,
ata very great expense, T enn scarcely, therefore, be expected to
recommend the Disciplinary Training School, while T do believe
that hoth the managers and the Superintendent, who were very
couricaus, are doing the best they ean, with had material, under
a bad system.
ave not respousible for a further consideration, which to
ing, is very fmapertant one, namely’; that as this fs a city instite
ton, there ean be no divect religious instruction given to al] the
eulldxeu. There are thyee chaplains, one Hebrew, one Catholic and,
one Protestant, who visit the institution at certain stated times,
and ave supposed to give religious Instruction. That method of
ingtruetion is worse than useless, almost, and the consequence is
that, ax a whole, there is no religious tone whatever to the insti:
tution, We were told that the officers were forbidden to give ang.
religious instruction at all to the hoys, ‘That may be 2 necessary
02 ASSUaE Resour oF ae
male, under the ciremustances, but it is certainly not a w
‘There cam be no very farge amount of cohosion in an titolo
‘where there is no definite teachiug of the sort that the i, aber
all other persons, 1 x Tee en
The consequence is that the elty is
while itis only posing S110 ee ep We Mafatensne ot
children in institntivus witch ave far better mavaged, Aiivoreh
the $198 cannot, under existing cenditian, te, aren
18 wont
much under «1
1ow about $198 per
oe Ih this institution
‘he abore isthe substhaee af tev
tat the orercruwiting ofall striate for bese ie pecan
and Now York is such that, while the condition ofthe tea
2 indicted, far from saistatony, { should not nda mon
Iition of the choo! wnt ett
tar bose
‘lites ave provided elseychere
Very respectfully:
MORNAY WILLIAMS,
PENAL INSTITUTIONS OF NEW YORK.
February 20, 1906,
Hon, Gronox B. MeCuacax, Mayor of the City of Nevo York:
Pear Sir—he Prison Association of New York is, by ite
vhaster, anthoriaed and reguived to inspect the penal institutions
the Sinte and to repost to the Legislative in regard to thelr
‘antition, Under the present system of loeni control, however,
aap conditions ean only be remedied by local uetion,
At a amecting of the exeentive committee of the Prison Associa
tion of New York, held at the inilding of the association, No.
15 East Pitteenth Steet, Thursday, February 15, 1906, It was
sininiously voird that the president aud the corresponding
ested to address 2 letter to your Hopor calling
of the anomalous conditions of penstl aftaies
‘ark and to the Importance of corvecting
Some of these conditions enn be corrected by a change of
nithod in administration; some of them can be remedied by
signe ip the Inv aud resulting in a great saving and
expeute to the city. ‘There ane other qhestions ix the nature
at problems demanding careful study and mature consideration.
In the frat piace, we beg leave to enll your attention to the
oMfortunnte division of sesponsibility in Ue administration of
venal institutions in Greater New York. In the Sat eonsotida
tion by which Greater New York was exeated, four counties —
New York, Kings, Richmond and Queens—were included within
‘he limits of the city. ‘The old county governments were dissolved
ind city goveroment instituted. The finane‘al and other interests
of these counties were azaaigamated with the new government.
‘The vasion# departments of the eily were 80 organized as to
ANNtan Revou or ‘aie
cover the entire territory under one administration, By a serious
omission, however, te jurisdiction of fhe Department of Con
tion was uot mace roetiensive with the elty limits; It wis
left for zhe most part as if was under the county a
Instead, thevefore, of having a single »
dealing with sentenced
Aiffesent administrative hei e cominis
sioner of correction, i ‘the othies
are the sherifis 0
whom hae ou Independent fonts
sity of maintaining covaty tines
u this matter has Tong since
Aisappeared, and the reason fer cousolitating thls authority iv
fevers day apparent
‘The commissioner of correction bas control uver the pen
institations of Mashatian and the Bronx, compeising the Ci
Prison, tle disteiet prisons, the jenal institutiows on Blickwelle
Island, and on Hart's Tsland, ond the Kings County Beniten
Bary, He has no anthority, however, over the Staymond Ser
jail, sitvoted within a wolle oad n half of the Kings
entiary, aoe has he any anthoviey over the jails of
comnty and Richmond, He can troasfer roivaners from the Kinus
County Venitentiny
them the shorter dist
jail from the penitentiary in
‘The effect of Cis momaly
tive symmetiy It results
for instance, if yi
tiary, they vot only have
work they very nearly pay
sentenced to the (noms County jail o to Rayniond Street jail
they are maintained with few exceptions, in @ eoxupting and
costly idleness,
till ferther, the coumissios
trol over the Imildinus nsed for the ageannnodation of prisoners
by the sheriifs, is not able to willze the unnsed spnce in thes
Doildings in conineting his depsviwent av hie might, t0 great al
vantage, dfd the lay allow
For years before the annesntion of Kings, Queens and Rieke
mond, New York city lad placed all prisoners under eriminal
Parsos Association oF New Yorks. 105
awaiting tvin] and those under sentence, in
tment of Correction, Th Manhattan and the
Queens aad Richmond, in the
partment of Corvection, .fuvenile
lfenders under sixteen years of age should be, of course, excepted.
Another contradiction in the penal system of dhe elty is that
While in the Boroughs of Man
sheriffs are paid salaries, 1 Qucens the sheriff devives an excessive
ewe feom fees in criminal eases, and from the hoard of
to the jnil. While the State of New Yor
fags 207 conts per day for the Keeping of prisoners in the peniten-
‘avies. in some of which the entire cost of maintenance, includ-
ing tle pay of ol] saiavies, fs but 52 cents, the sheriff of Queens
receives Si per week, o” 424 conte, ‘The Will for the sapport
ff prisoners in Queens county for the past year was $25,204.28,
This lange wam was paid for maintaining prisoners who, with
fie excoption of few employed in working about the jail, were
maintained ia absolute fdleuess, It is time for the people of
New York to ask the responsible officials why a Jail should be
rualutained fn one borough of Greater New York, the main object
uf which is fo provide a bonding house, mot so much for the
inalutenance of prisoners, as for the maintenance of the sherift
who derives from this sonsce am Income nearly ag large as the
silary paid to the Sew York. All the prisoners
senteuced to @: is
institutions of the Department of Correction without addi
sional cost for sa
could eara the fnll cost of their maintenance,
Apart froin this, the fee system Is Tiable to the greatest abuse.
Phe history of Tes operation in New York State Is largely a his
ory of seandal and corruption. Te Is a signifieant fact that the
fail popnlation and the jail expenses in the counties in whieh the
system has been abolished in New York State, have been xedneed
from ten to fifty per cent. Under the righteous demand of public
and iF allowed and reqnived to work,
106 ANNUAL Rerore oF nie
sentiment, the fee eystera bas leon abandoned in more than foxy
counties in the State; it has beea abolished in tinee of the bo
ooghs of New York, comprising all of the counties ineluded in
the city with the exception of Qneens, In whieh the amefent nul
nefarious pesetive opght Tikewise by law to be absolate'y
abolished
‘When the bill for the establishment of a vefoumatary at Farts
Island was passed, #¢ was opposed by the sherif€ of Queens on tk
ground that fe wonld take away the large nmunber of young, met
between the ages of sixteon and thirty canmitted to lis ja
‘The practical ynestion, et) fa whether i
will continne to waintaim a pom
of the shevit in Quoeus, or whether tie sherif sl
sufficient salayy and the prisonevs in bis institation be transferred
to the jurisdiction of the
‘The law establishing a eformatory for misdemeanants at Hart's
Island has been on the statute books for two yenrs, ‘The site
of the institution is determined, «a board of parole appointed
but little has been done to equip the schout, Tt iz a false eeonons
to withhold from the misdemesmanis committed to this inetits
ton the oppertanities for edneation and reformation whieh. its
deyelopment would give them, While young men ef the sal
age committing felonies may have the adwitable opportonities
for reformation fornislied by HImion Beformatory, those gaiity
of lesser offences 2nd clissed as uisdemennants ave depetred ot
such privileges. Uast's Island Reformatory was forded to meet
this need. If trade schools ave established and a
struction osganized, nearly all of the bnildings nee
island for the 2eformstory ein be constrweted by the inmates
themselves as has heen done at Hlnita
We trust that the Bond of Estimate and Apportionment may
promptly make te uecessaxy approprintion to enrey on this
work. It is important that 20 other Institntion shall be esta’
Tished on Hart's Island which will interfere with the success 1
evelopment of the reformatory. The island is none too large
for this purpose, and It cannot be put to a better use
Puisox Association ov New Yors.
The Raymond Street jail is a disgrace to the Borough of
Howoleiyn, Tt has been condemned repeatedly by successive gvand
jnsies, by the Prison Commission of the State, and by the Prison
sociation. Tt if wsanitary and inseeme, ‘The woman's de
portment is a fire teap. The city needs a new jail, and an iu:
portant question Is, where shall i he located?
savoring to alleviete existing conditions. Some
teliof may be had by providing for the transfer from that institu
ting of all sentenced prisoners, leaving there only those awaiting
vial, This transfer can he etfected in two ways. inst, by change
the Lave as enggested aoe, 80 as to give the Department of
Cosection either the right to tansfer prisoners from this jail,
complete jurisdiction ovér the institntion which would carey
iit such power
Recouly, without waiting for new legislation, a provision of
ie charter empowers the commissioners of the sinking fund to
lesiguate from time to time any building or buildings within
ibe city to be the common jails of nid city ov of any of the
territorial limite for all de pur
joaes fox which common jails may by law be used.” Under the
sdministeation of your predecossor, by om ayeangement with
eri! Dike, a portion of Kings Coanty Penitentiary was dosig-
hated as a jail, and sentenced prisoners were trunsferned to that
iuslitution. Sherif Flaherty of Kings county favors a sinilar
rangement. 118 adoption would leave the woman's prison
siiost empty, and reduce by one-third the entire population of
jail.
It is to be deprecated that magistrates continue to commit
» jails under @ short sentence prisoners who might much better
tie placed ou prebation, but as long as this practice continues,
ve only relief, nntil the building of a new jail, is ¢o utilize a
hostion of the peaitentiary for this purpose. An additional argu:
nent for eending prisoner’ there is that they ean be kept at work
nt useful employments.
We desire to eall the attention of your Honor to the fact that
if all the work for the eity which prisoners are capable of doing,
108 Axuan Rerorr or na
‘and which needs to be dane, ware assigned to the penal insticn
tions, these Institutions cond be anade self-snstaining, Und
‘the Constitvtion of the State, the produets af pelsan labor ean
be sold in the open mavket, ‘The free Inbor protected from tht
form of competition ought also to be protected against the i
position of a grester arden, the bumden of maiatat
In idleners who are perfectly capable of eneuiug thelr own supy
and of contribnting to the support of their families. Tdene
prigon means inerensed taxation, Increased taxatl
creased rent and cost of iing for fhe working an
no reason why the city of New York should maintain
class in idleness, Mv. Patviel Hayes, warden of Kings Co
Penitentiary, In his port for the last xe, shows that that
stitution has come within $11,000 of being self-sopporting, «
he adds that if the city departments wonld give to his institu
tion all the work i€ cond do, it world be wholly self-supporting
Public attention lias been called to {he had eandition of the
cod of thelr renovation
‘The eu 2 0 far as possible persons
under arrest should be sent to the district paieoms, whitch would
be the nstural and proper solution almeulty
‘The increased demand
the Kimited space available in Monbatton for this purpose gives
strength to th
tions and hospitnls on Piackwell's Telond showld be removed end
the island used! asa publle park, The time has come when fie
proposition stonld be sevionsly: considered
Residenis of Rrooklyn also wee dat the space ocenpied hy te
Kings Commty Penitentiary conld he better used for residentiat
purposes, and a Kew onihorizing the removal of the penitentiary
has already possed the LegisIntnre. The problem of the removal
of this penitentiary, the erection of a mew jail im place of Bay
mond Street, and the question of the yemoval of the penal instito-
tious on Blackwell Island ought not 10 be treated separately}
‘they all form part of the problem of reorganizing and rebuilding
pabilie porks io New Yorke eity ond
npeal whic is niow made that the penal instita
Raison Associasiox or New Yous, 109
‘the penal institutions of New York city. It is a problem too
ange for a single administrative oficer to deal with; it is a
vestion which needs to he considered in all ite aspects, so that
no snistake may be mi ure, and that the work may be
iene wisely and eco:
Ia view, therefore, of the complicated problems thus presented,
ecttally suggest that yonr Honor appoint a suitable com
sion of clilvens, to serve without pay, to whom the whole
abject may he committed for consldexation and report,
Soumavizing the recommendations presented above, we respect
1.) That steps be taken to secure legislation placing the con
f all prisoners ovor sixteen years of age, except civil
and of all penal institutions im Greater New York
rider the Department of Correction,
12) That no thue he lost ia seeuring legislation to abolish
co system in Queens county, and to substitute therefor a
vlavy system,
(3.) That the necessars appropriation be made for the derelop-
ueut of Bar's Island Reformatary
(4) That Kings Conaty Penitentiary be designated as a jail
In onder to velleve Raymond Street of many of its prisoners,
(5) That the penitentiavies be provided with sufficient em-
ployment ¢o render thom self-supporting,
(6.) That the district prisons be utilized as far as possible to
relieve the police stations of prisoners detained overnight.
(7) That a commission of citizens be appointed by your Honor,
fo whom the whole subject of the removal and rebuilding of penal
institutions on new sites be submitted for consideration and
roport.
Respectfully submitted,
EUGENE SMITH, “
President Prison Assootation of
New York,
SAMUEL J. BARROWS,
Corresponding Seerctary.
SAFEGUARDING THE INDETERMINATE SENTENCE,
By Saver J. Bannows
‘Three important contributions to modern criminal law and
1 their origin and application in the
Ono is the establishment of a system of jo
eriminal provedure have bi
the indeterminate sentence
the pioneer Stato Im this reform,
It is not surprising tat thece innovations In the fold of erimin
mended (9 the attention of all the mations represen
Twat tins been the eu
Congress refered to
Tt has found prominent advocates in Vien He
of Holland; Guillavme, of Syitzeriand; Saleilles, of Franee, and
# xeav two doctors of
. Prendemthal, professo
he Unversity of Frankfort,
2 new aspects of Amexienn
Frecdonthal bas given especial a
the principle and implications of 1
‘The arguments for the indeterminate sentence which are in:
Drocisely those which are influential here
‘The best criminal code is an arbitrary instrament, and it is im
possible to construct ane on any principle sa th
Patsox Assoctarion o New You
1m
be made to At the crime; stil] more difficult is St to make the pen:
sity fit the offender. No legislator cam show why the theft of
wenty-five dollars should be punishable with one year's imprison
nent, nnd the theft af twenty-six dollar with five yeaes? imprison
rent. Nor is the Alicnlty remored by empowering the jndge 10
tise hie dizeretion In huposine sentence within certain limits of
pinmm amd masini. A judge wonld find it hard to tell
is he sepienced one buy five years for stealing a dollar and
or boy one year for stealing $180; or another judge why he
at one boy to prison for a veat, and another, « first offender,
vv sixteen years for the same offense, A smdy of codes on one
hand and of sentences op another reveal
au amazing amount of
iiustice, in the
outmdiction and confusion, wot to say rank
application of penutties
furnishes the necessuey relief, tastead of making the code-maker
decide when a man shall come out of prison, it puts
wibilisy of deciding that question upon the pris
o privoney has
sand what the jury decides is that the
this inequality and injustice the indeterminate sentence
What the jndge decides is
weart or guilty, In the latter ease
Fender on probation, wr It may he shown that hie
nave froin society until fitted to come back to it What tne
ate then dyes is to provide a new environment for the offender,
2 environment wi
Tepnts him wnder-a whole range of reformative influences, moral,
physical, and intellectual. ‘The Stato then says to him: Before
oit can go back to soelety you must prove that It is sate for
society’ to let you come out. Here you must fulGil certain con-
Aisions. Like a boy at school, yon must pass throngh a certain
amber of grades and attain 2 eer
‘om eam geadnate, Tf you fulfil all these conditions as to work,
ehuestion, and deportment, you may get ont in a year and 0
no he shall be made better instead of worse
a number of marks hefore
hulf, or you may stay here Ten sears, which is the Tinit fixed
liy stainte for the offense yon have committel. Whether your
tention shall be eighteen months or ten xears depends most of
Hyon yourneif, You are to this extout the muster of your
fon fate. Heve ig a indder upen whieh von ean elim.” You
fannot go out till you have reached the top round, and then
ue Axwvat, Reporr or sm
only conditionally. Tn other words, yon must earn your parole
in prison, and you mst casy soar absolute discharge when you
have been aelensed conditionally:
‘The indeterminate sentence is not, then, a passive punishments
it is something better; it fs an active @iselpline; it Js an o7
tunity for moral and intellertmad enfismchisenent whieh Wheratos
the man from himself. TY opens co him a new future, Tt means
not rolentloss suffering for something that he has done, bit
relentless andes something which he is to become
truest proof of repentance is reforustion, No reformation «
be sceured without suffering, fhe snffeving of discipline; but the
reforms is not the discipline whieh crushes
evident, thew. he ineteviain fence ins wo
anless tt ix connected 1» netive yeformatory
ro send wien to paison wh 0 38 no Iahor, a0 schools
no incentives to self-tevelopunent, is merely a jawed upon
principle of the indeterminate sentence, which is a very difteres
1g from a defaite sentence shortened @ certain iomber vf
months for good hehavior. It is important to sound here a note
of warning. Certain States have adopted what they eall a parle
system. Men ate seleased conditionally after they have seve
‘a certain tine, ‘Their aligihility Zor parote dees mot depend pm
what they have done in prison. but on what they hace not d
‘They have observed a somewhat easy sot of prison rales they
Habitual criminals easils
Sue parole Inys may not be
have given the keepers me tromh
adjust themselves to such ral
ss, but ther are in no veepect sronrmons with the
colculated rather to bring it int
‘nite sentence, a prisoner has earsol
his parole by conditions roynized, the parole is
‘authorized by the hoard of managers or the bonrd of parole ew
by law for that purpose. Unfortauattels, in some Stet
this board of parole has allowed Itself to be fulluenced Uy per
sonal and oven political appeals, The very fact Ghat there i no
marking or grading system in soime of the prisons, and therefore
xno standard of excellence requived of the prisoner himeelf, excent
of a negative character, tnd that the board has little to gulde
it Im au Individaal case, leaves it open for external appeals.
Putson Association ov New Yous. 3
Under the reformatory system as administered at Elmira, the
principle is strictly adhored to of making the prisoner carn his
own release, and all ouside Influences exeept those neeassaxy
fn sete employment for the prisoner on parole are absolutely
elided. Bosses have long siare learned that they have no pull
i Bhwiea. Tf the value of the indeterminate sentence Is to be
nnsingnined, boards of parole must he held up to the highest
midatd of effclency
‘The Indeterminate sentence carried to its logical conclusion
shonld Jutve no thine Isalt either minimum or maximum. As
plied to the Ehwira Reformatory in New York it has no mink
ama, bat a prisoner ean be held only for the maxizsum period
iwescribed by the statute for the erime committed. This period,
of conse, is an arbitrary one. TChas an additional disadvantage
\ prisoner who serves his maximum sentenee in the reformatney
ecvives tuder the law an absolute diseharge instead of being
placed on parole, while euch a man who las failed to cara his
discharge ix one shove all others who should he released ovly
tentatively. Adsorates of the indeterminate sentence in the
United States are hoping that eventually the maximum Linstation
hie removed, One reason why the indefinite sentence has not
been accepted hy more Eswopean jutlats Is hecause they feel the
aiMienlty recently stated by The Outtook, namely, the difieulty
fof safegnarding individual Hherty. In Eneope, where untold
vwuffering has leon occasioned by prolonged and unjust imprison
ment for political or other seasons, any form of sentence the
duration of which is pot stxietly Hmited hy atatnte Is looked
upon with some distenst. At present the maximum Imitation
fixed by the statute, axhlirary though it be, constitutes a eertain
safeguard against the permanent incarceration of offenders. And
set it is very clear fo all penologists that there are a large num-
er of reeldivists or habitual offenders who onght to be perma-
ently segregated feom society. A woman in Scotland was sent
fo prison more than three hundred times. ‘The woman would
not hare committed twvo humaved and seventy:five of those offenses
I she had not been Hheraied two hundred and seventy-five thmes.
Ts there ang merey of any wisdom in liberating an habitual
inebriate or other offender when it is clear that he is incurable
8
Annivan Rerows on ue
wont prolonged incarceration? It ts one advantage of the
system of probation, of the indeterminate sentence, smi eva
tional liberation, that it serves to distingnish eventually betray
corrigible and hicorrigible offenders.
TC is Inet ax ftportasr fe
Jers shoul
ers should be seleased. Por the ta
society that the incorrigible of ‘eta
offend
gation I. How, flen, shall individnal ther
gunvded?
The answer is not difiee!t, AI the ywntertion wiitel s oe
furnished hy | 1 Himit of defonifon ean he geen
by Taye an o ecered, Asst, hy I
the Jaitict
this direction lave
In veferen
i
sideration,
shall ave a vote m
» Two steps it
on in the State of New
atony for wonen It 18 provided
au fnnate comes up for cur
Ml be
Informed,
avestion,
step in the divvetion of securing judicial supporl
sponsibility has been taken laws meuviding
New York City Reform nant, ‘The boawd 6
Aevelop ancl mange this insti se of mine mensinry
of New York which
The other mente
four of whom ave judges from the cow
commit misdemennints to this instirarion,
of the board are appointed by tie
missioner of Cosrection,
vor, and Include the
The objection hitierto
Ty deciding
is removed when fo
aise that the
covr’s have no participatio he release or de
of a. prisoner
paroling board are jude
‘The sane principle can be apptied to h
confirmed repeaters, That they showl@ he detained instea
being liberated nmder short sentences i hardly qnestioned, ut
even ere we woutd have no prison oF colony fu whieh all I
should be exelud ell what q prolonged detention
might do, under proper discipline, for some one who under the
merciless parody of the short sentence had been vegaaded as |p
corrigible, ven among so-eatled ineartigibles we would provid
therefore, that at stated pefiods, say five or ten years, the qn
tion of conditional relese might come up for review, with the
bitual cximinals o
Paisox Assoctariox of Naw Your. 15
right of appeal for the prisoner to a parole board in which
{ndieiat, medical, and administrative authority should be repre-
The disadvantage of the maximum sentence is that at
sented
its termination the man must be discharged, whether he Is ready
for release or not; under the system proposed release would not
be mandatory the question wonld come up simply for determina,
tion under @ form ia which no arbitrasy warden could control
the destinies of a p ‘and the question of @ conditional
release under surveillance would be decided, not beeause of aa
avbitrary time limit affixed to an offense, but because of a
‘thorough studs of the character of the offender. Tt is the supreme
advantage of the Indeterminate sentence that it depends, not upon
the arbitrary time limit of the code nor the eaprice of the judge,
nor that of the warden, Dut upon the character of the prisoner
under 4 avstem constituted so 9s to develop and reveal It. ‘There
is no reason why this, the only rational method of determining
the duration of imprisonment and of making imprisonment effect
ive, shonid not be applied to all classes of prisoners, whether
felons or misdemeanants, Tn several States te macking and
srading system i requires has been applied to State prisons.
‘The indeterminate sentence has ron the gaumtlet of all sorts
of appeals as to its constitationalits. It is a principle which
lias come to atay. But if it is to be suecesstul, we must have
the real thing and not a fecble imitation—-Fram the OutTook,
January 6, 1996.
THR PAROLE SYSTEM IN NEW YORK STATE.
Believing that the time had come when a revision of the parole
system in this State as applied to State prisoners should be con
Wick
sidered, the following letter was scat to Hen, John G,
President of the State Commission of Pri
Deoember 1, 4905
Hon, Joux G. Wiewsur, Provident Stato Comnuiasion of Prisons,
‘Albany, ST
My Dear 8x
nized the tn
The Prison Association of New York has receg
joviance of extending the indeterminate sentence 5
sious apply to a larye nuwler of State pulson
to this end las twice been vetoed
with Judge Foster of the Court of Geu
e reasons for his opposition to the Inn
Kt appeared that he lias no objection to the indeterminate se
tence as such and lie frequently sends prisoners to Elmira unr
its. provisions ked if a reorganization of the pavole
Doard on a distinctly nonpavtiaan hsis, the representation of thy
judielars, on such a board
‘system in connection with the State pr
objections to the extension of the
replied that they would
Tn the report of the committee on the treatment of th
fof the Now York State Conference of Charitles and Correction
attention was given to ways in which our prizon 9g
be fmproved,
sentence slould be extended, but it was
prisoner does not have sufiefent ince
sentence to demonstrate in positive we
ject for parole. An indeterminate sentence without a grading
‘and marking eyatem does not fuldil lis paxpose. ‘The report vf
‘the committee which was read and approved hy twelve of the
When a!
and the applieation of a maxking
rs would remove his
be
determinate sentene
(among others that the indeterminsic
alt that at present th
ve under the indetermins'e
Tt was args
that be is a proper sv:
Prisox Associatiox oF New Your, ut
fourteen members thus speaks of the extension of the indeter-
mminate sentence:
New York was the first State to Tend the way in the adoption
of the indeterminate sentence. ‘Two members of the committee,
fue of them a judge of long experience and the other an equally
experienced prison warden, both urge a general adoption of the
jnleterminate sentence, In the opinion of one of thes», the time
jins come for the removal of the inaxianem Knit to svel sentences,
Hy is wot suxprising that wise and experienced judges no longer
wish to take the responsibility when they send a man to prison,
‘ou just what day he shall come out, nor even of fixing
tH mninimuw or maximum time in months oF years. ‘The most
inporinne thing for a judge to decide is whether a person, who
Isis ecommatted an offence, Isa ft subject for probation, and if
whe ould be removed from society for dizefpline and
eneetion. ‘The responsibility of deciding when this discipline
w become effective and when the offender may: be
flonally xeleased should aot be thrown upon the judge
vou the auihovities constituted especially for this pu
Jition to medicat aud administrative euthority, it seems ad
ile to have judicial authority represented on oer boards of
ole ‘vision ean he made, ‘York has taken the
i this @ivection by ywoviding in the Law establishing the
art's Island Reformatory for Mistememnants, that the courts
mid Judges committing to that institution shail be represented
‘on its board of parole by one member from each court. Judges are
Tso represented on ihe heard of parole of the Redford Reforms
Tt the best constituted pavole hoard will work in the Mavi in
termining the qualifications of @ prisoner for parole, unless
ans ave provided by whieh the prisoner may himself demon:
inate his fitness for conditional velease. Tt is not extremely dif
cult for a physiciau to tell when a patient has reached the stage
of oral convalescence, and it Is eafe for himself and for the com
sunity to permit him (o leave the hospital and, though the condi
tions are inore difficult, it is not impossible to devise « system
uf tests and conditions which a prisoner must meet ana fuldll
‘hat will fairly reveal his Atness for tentative release, Such @
svstem was devised by Muconochie and applied with great suecess
iy Sir Walter Crofton. Nowhere has it been better developed
han ander Mr. Brockway in our own State. Tt is a method ap-
lieable to prisoners of all classes, whether juvenile or adults,
mistemeanants o felons, It has successfuliy been applied in
Slaie prisons ns well as in reformatories. With the extension of
‘the indeterminate sentence, we urge the adoption én all penal inst
us Ansvat Rerorr ov 2H
tutions of a system of grading and marking whose object shall be,
not simply to enforce obedience to a set of prison rules, but
develop the industrial, physieal, moral aud intellectual eapactty
of the prisoner. Und ‘eystem prisoners are better Ato.)
for release, and pavole U I know better when to release
them, The marking and grading system would he of further
in another direetiou, since It not oaly
Atted for release, but thoze who hy defoet
tion may need Ionger of even pern
nanent detention, Te Is a defect
of our present aystem that we imprison men Who might better be
put on probation; that we keep in prison men who anight better be
fed and that we liberate men who ought to be permanently
d.
‘The Executive Committee of the Prison Assoctation commend:
‘these consid
1¢ attention of the Pi
‘and suggests that the combined action of th
Prison Association suight be elfective in se
this sabject which would mect the ne
secure the approval of the Goveraar
‘Tho committee hopes that the Commission will recognize the
Importance of taking steps In this dizeetien and will be glad to
cooperate in some pra
of the situation and
ally yours,
EUGENE &MITH,
President.
SAMUEL J. BARROWS,
Seoretary.
Aunaxy, Dee. 0, 1908.
Hon. Saucer J. Baxuows, Seoretary of New Tork Prison Asso
elation, New York, X.Y
Dear Mz, Barsows—Your letier of December first enclosing
gued by
Bugene Smitl, Peesident, and yourself sa Corvesponding Secre
tary, was duly received and presented t0 the
meeting held here Decemhes fourtl
After hearing the communication, the seererany was directed
to advise your association thut the Prison Commission, would
gladly co. faviom aad with Jnudges and other
Persons Interested in this matter in securing satisfactory amend
ments to the Parole Law, and also amendments to the Tndeter-
communication of the New York Prison Association,
navission at its
Paisox Astociatios ov Now Yow. ug
inate Sentence Law Tr seemed to he the judgment of the Com.
Fussion that these two matters should be presented to the Legislay
five in separaie bills, Tt wat understood that Commissioner
Hotter would confer with more or Teas of the people of your city
jincrested in this movement, aud that the sceretary would en:
vor fo proenre from the distelet attorney and judges of your
‘iis, aud also other sections of the State, suggestions and recom:
wilations relating to both these matters, with a view of agres-
jos npon amenduents which would be reasonably satisfactory to
it concerned, and be tikely to receive the approval of the Gov-
‘would suggest tht you consult with Mr. Holter and agree
you amendments whieh would seem to meet the situation.
Very truly yours,
(Signed) Gxo, MeLavomus,
tn order to profit by the experience of other states and to secure
export opinion, questions relating to the parole system and the
nding system were sent to a aumber of prominent
prison wardens throughout the country. The nature of the ques
finn submitted and the responses received will be seen from the
following communications
1. Do you think a marking and grading system should be ap:
plied to prisons when men ave committed under the indeterm
nate sentence
T believe the marking and grading system should be used in
prisons where the pavole system Is io operation.
>, Have you ony suggestions to make ax to the nature of such
marking and grading system?
Tn this institution we have three grades, irst, second and third,
Prisoner upon ind grade, six mouths of good
record promotes to first grade, six months of good record, if frst
former, in fist grade promotes to parole grade. Bad conduet
‘uses reduction to second or third grade.
3, How do you think a Hoard of Parole should be constituted?
120 ANNUAL Rreour oF THB
I think the Parole Board should ho a non-partisan board. Our
parole board consists of three members, two Republicans and one
Democrat.
4, Would vou think it wise to have the judiciary represented in
some way ou the Bonsd of Parole?
T do not think i€ wise to have the judiciary represented on
parole beave
5. Would sou think it wiso to have a competent physician oo
the Board of Parole? -
Xo.
6. Should any memners of the board he salaried?
AN members of board should be salaried, and devote all their
time to this work,
1, Do sou think 2 marking and grading aystem should be
applied (o prisous when men are committed under the indeter-
Ans. Yes,
2, Tlave yon any snygestions to make at to the nature of such
@ marking’ and grading system?
Aus. Would sngwest grading res a8 set forth in booklet
Placing all men in Mist instead of second grade as is usually
one, thereby making the second gende pmvely a punishment ges
8. How do you think a Roar of Povole shonla be eonstitnted:
Ans. Do not fully understand this question, If in refere!
to the personnel of the hoard, do not think it wise to Nave ang
of the prison officials ns members oF te bord ov that the ward:
or superintendent sould recommend the parole of tie men, win
should appear Vefove the hoard at stated periods, conduct govern
ing.
4. Would sou think it wisn to have the judiciery represented
in some way on the Roged of Parole?
Ans. Would think it wise to have the judietary represented
by an exjudge.
5. Would you think it wise fo have @ competent physician oa
the Board of Parole?
Ans, Cannot see any good reason for @ competent physician
being a member of the Board of Parole. Do not favor “ Invalid
Paroles.”
Prisox Assoctamios oF Naw Your, amt
6, Should any members of the Hoard be salaried?
Ans. 1 think the expense of all members of the Board ahoud
tw paid and possibly the secretary salaried. A non-salaried Board
has many redeeming features and enables you to eliminate ab-
jetionable members.
JAMES D. REID,
‘Warden.
Do you think 2 marking and grading system should be applied
to prisous when men are committed wader the indeterminate
sentence?
Ans. Yes,
Have you any suggestions to make as to the nature of such
marking and grading system?
Ans. Onr aystem works very well. Ts less complicated and
nore easily applied than most of them ax penetioed in reforma
tories, Conelsts of nine evedit marks yer month. Marked on
eonduet, school and industry. 1 submit a book of rules under
a Board of Parole should be constitated?
T think « Board of three merobers lange enough; it should
com-partisan,
4. Wonld you think it wise to have the judiciary represented
in some way on the Board of Parole?
Ans. No, but T think one of the memhers should he @ good
5. Would you think it wise to have a competent physician on
‘the Roard?
Ans, Yes, T think one of the members shonld he a good physi
6. Should any members of the Woard be salaried?
Ans. Yes, [think they shonld receive a salary commensurate
‘with services rendered.
HENRY WOLFER,
Warden.
1. Do you think « marking and grading system should be
applied to prisons when men are committed under the indeter-
12 ANNUAL Revor? oF HH
‘Yes, im all eases, exeopt where the prisoner through disability
‘or abformaltty Is unable to respond to the discipline ordinavity
exacted.
2, Have you ony suggestions to make os to the nature of sich
ing and grading
geadiag systems should be based on something
‘beside general deportment. In this connection schoot duty, labor,
progress. etc. might be taken Into neconat. ‘The reports shou
garde, keepers, chaplain, perbaps the physi
ag tho prisoner under personal observation,
8. How do you think a Boavd of Parole should be constituted?
A Roard of Pavole shonld be mate np of practical persons, whe
devote enough of their time to the work to he well advised, per
sons having no other employment preferred; changes in the per
sonnel of the hoard should be Infrequent
4, Would you think ie wise fo have the judiciary sepresented
in some way on the Board of Parole?
T think it might be well to have the judiciary represented on
the board, but do not deen It necessary.
& Would you think i wise 40 have a competent physicion on
the Board of
T seo no patticnlar wason for the presence of a physician on
the board. The instifution physician should furnish all medieal
advice required.
6. Showld any members of the board be salaried?
T think all memhers of the board should be saleeled. If net,
they are likely to avoid the
results, I think that In a Stnte acing a priaoa, neformatory and
training school, the men at the head of those institutions, per
haps together with some other eltlzens, would probably make a
very satisfactory hoard of parole.
PRANK B. RANDALL,
Superintendent,
"y to achieve the best
‘onto srarm muvorsavony
December 21, 1908.
My Dran Mr, Barnows:—
Roplying to your letter of December 18, 1 would say In answor
to the list of questions enclosed therein, first, that T bolfeve the
Patsox Assoctarion on Naw Yous, 123
qnding srstem i feasible fy the ordinary penitentiary or prison,
with modifications, however, from the plans followed in reforma
fuves, For example, Ia roformatories having charge of youths
and young men, the School of Letters le an important depart
nf ia which {€ Is comparatively easy io establish @ system of
ing. In prisons where no ayatem of grading Is carred on,
«J upon moval conduct nd industrial
‘inex, ov application. Tam of the opinion, however, that
vale be poet a general prison om
Ting of self-mprovenv than that of the roxulation
conse: say, for example, a couse in reading completed
ivon conditions aud within a certain period. [agree
fully with Professor Henderson that a Ick of proper
reading has more to do with erhninal conduct than the Inek of
unyentional edweation or natural intelligence.
Revond, ons board of parole at the Ohio State Reformatory
consists of six members; is non-partisan and non-political.
Ihave found the board thus constitated vory effective, hut what is
soll move finportant than the question of * How constituted?” is
the question of * Whom composed?”
We have gotten the hest resnlts from men in middie fife, who.
1d in the affairs of the world. ‘They bring
non sense to bear upon their work, Tn
faking’ this matter of the appointment of a Parole Board up
with the Governor, T called his attention to the fact that the
ce had taken away from the jodges of eighty
timehonored power of determining the length
of tine felons should serve in prison, and lodged it in six men.
These wen are thus called upon to discharge the double duty
of judges and the board oF pardons. Only men eapable of
nessuring up to a standard of conduct that would preclude
srjall prejudices, easy Indiflerence, and the pressure of ll im:
roper induenees shotld be appointed on such a oaed.
ied, I would not look avorably upon the jadietary being
iepresented on the parole bord. T believe we have a better
nictice in Ohio, We call upon the proscenting attorney and
‘viol judge for information and whatever impressions they may
inve received dating the trlal, that may be helpful to the pavole
oued. It may sound like heresy, but T believe the average judge
Asavat Rerowe oF sup
fs unftted by his habit of thought as an attorney to he a Get
‘class oF ideal paroling oficer .
Foorth, T see no objection fo having a phat
of parole. : i
this sould depend somewhat on the jnrisdfett
‘the board of parole, If the State lias one board that wonld
fon all paroles feoxn all institutions, it wight he well to have
physiclan on the board; but if theve Is a hoard of parole f
pelson, T wonld not think this nevesess
T would say in this connection that on business matters
favor a central hoard of control, but when it comes to the matt
of parole, I believe It Is better to have a board for eaeh institut
"Whe knowledue necessary to wise action in parole is moxe int
mate than can he gained by a general hoard of parole
F would say in answer to your last question that T believe the
members of the board of pavole should be To do th
work conscientionsly, every case should be earefully reviewed ly
all the 1 the board,
given a persona? hensive:
as mueh fn if worthy of Imitatio os :
Our board cousists of six mew
1 feel that the §
“ea 4 appointed far nix year,
salaried. z , ppt
T am glad (0 say that the board as consttwied,consiontiogss
gently —thowgl probady not dnfaliy.—dachange thet
the superintentent and rhapltin jointly take the int
tSeplote shonld eserclae hia reeponsiilfg with great wisdom
"Very erly yours
3. Hl LHONARD,
Superintendent
Do you thiok a marking and grading system should be applied
to prisons when men are commitied under the indeterminate
sentence?
Parson Assoctaston ov Naw Youre.
Ans, Aseuredly 50.
2. Have you any suggestions to make as to the nature of such
natking and grading system?
This would be dependent on ages and crime of those
emitted as well as opon the character of the prison whether
formative or for punishment.
Tow do yon think a hosed of parole should be constituted ?
Ans, Dependent as in previots anawer. Tf the parole system
e apniy 16 the State prisons and reformatories in the State,
i tues be but one parole board for the State, then to be eon
hinted by the appointment of one person from each of the boards
“L aimvetors or managers of sich puigons veho in connection with
ciittorany general, superintendent of prisons, and perhaps ome
late viticer would act as a parole board. Tn this State the
jv is the only institution in whieh the parole Taw ts
fective and our hoard of managers are charged with its enforce:
oP Would vou think it wise to have the judiciary represented in
some way on the board of parole?
"Ans. No sit, Por the reason that they I
oping in (ouch with the pris life of the prisoner. ‘They aro
‘ose their judgment? in imposing sentence based on
e no means for
empowered
videnoe presented ai
hat the prisoner may under certain prescribed regulations become
Gtkibte to releuse on parole, and ther would necessarily have to
the recommendation of the member of the parole
hat time, and with a knowledge of the fact
le governed
Heard from the respective institutions as to the advisability of
ranting a parole
Youd vou think it wise to have a competent physician om
the board?
‘Ane, Not necessarily. Any necessity for the services of a phys
cian would be required in the individual prison, bofore the nant
Of the prisoner would be presented to the parole board, if on
Necount of 311 health, A competent phystelan on the Board might
ean ald in confaming the report of the prison physician
6. Should aus menibers of he board be salaried?
Ane, Assuredly 90. Tf organized as a State board, which wonld
reqquire their meeting at one central point at stated periods,
7. B, PATTON,
‘Superintendent.
PRISON CONSTRUCTION,
Terao Snares Paisow a TRaveswoney,
During the last year, 8 4 member of the State Prison Improve
ment Commission appointed by Governor Higgins, the Correspon
ing Recretary, Mr. 8.1. Rarvows, ns visited a number of the most
fnmportont ris tates in which
changes have wvently been mace om are mider was
visited virinus Knvorean prisons and seeured plang of soni
them.
Of the Amevivan pr
wort! is most interesting becomse of certain peculiarities of
stroctnre and also becnnse of the to which prison
States prison nt Lens
Inbor haw hon utilized in builling it. The avehitert, Mr. 0. S
mes of Bt. Tenis,
description of the plans has been made. We present alto a series
1e some Kea of the magnitude and
furnished data from whieh a Url
ff {llustvations, whieh will
general structure of the prison.
‘The original plan of the building was designed atter an inspec
ton of the principal prisons of Ensope and of the larger Siate
fnatitutfons in ihe United Stotes. Tt has a rated eqpacity of
twelve hundred prisoners and cousisis of four cell wings radiated
from a centeal vorunda which controls the oversight of the ell
wings with the oust number of guards and watches, The cll
wings ave of different dimensions; two smaller wings contain
240 cells each and the two larger front wings 390 cells et
object of the division of the calls of the four wings being
facilitate the management ond also permitting a clussigestion
of the prisoners om ihe basis of discipline, and also permitting
the separation of the hubitual criminal from those of minor, or
‘Sirst offense
‘The cells in these four wings ave partly of maxomry and partly
of steel construction, the doors of the celle being sliding door
Prisox Assocuumton o New Yous. wr
operated by the most approved device. The cell blocks are-five
stories in height and stand in the middle of the cell wings facing
the open corridors about sixteen feat from the exterior walls of
the cell wings and there is n space of eight or ten fect above the
coll blocks between the top cells and Ue ceiling of the coll
building, The celt wings are heated by a binst system of hot
air keeping the fresh air at a temperature of aout 75 degrees,
whieh maintains an average temperature in each cell wing of
about 70 degrees controlled by thermostats. Separate exhaust
pipes connect with each cell carrying the vitiated air in fndividual
pipes to the basement where they are collected into a large duet
‘nd exhausted by electrie fans throngh towers to the atmosphere,
‘These ventilating duets, as well as all plumbing pipes, valves,
Sltings, ete,, are located in a utility corridor between the banks
of cells, and ave all inaccessible to the prisoners
Hach cell contains an extn heavy all vitrified waterclosot
operated ly a pnsh-bottan and in each coll there is an electric
light and a sanitary washbasin. Provision is also made for a
cabinet for the reception of books, drinking cup, elothes closet
and a looking glass; this cabinet being uniform throughout the
institution,
‘The prison in goneral is built im the form of a rectangle enclos
ing about thirteen aezes in extent surrounded hy 2 wall on three
sides and by two main cell buildings, which form the enclosure
on the fourth side. ‘The wall Is built of an average height of thirty
feet above the grade of the enclosare and is provided with gus
towers for supervision, but the wnsnal bright of the wall obviates
the necessity of controlling the top of the wall with additional
ards, as it is impossible to seale a wall thirty foot in height
‘The principal pecaliaxity of a prison of this design, Is that
it has various departments which are so planned and arranged
that the entire fonctions of the institution can be conducted
‘under ose roof and without taking the prisoners out of the build
ing. ‘That is to say, a detail of prisoners evn be taken from
their cells to any part of the building, to the dining700m, chapel,
hospital, sehoo! rooms, work shops, kitchen, bakery, refrigerating
department, and other places, at night as well as in the daytime.
There is an unusual aud amyle provision for school rooms aud
fa library. ‘The diningroom is cerved ireetly from the kitchen
Awnuat Reporr of THR
department and seats thirteen hundred prisoners. It is lighted
from all sides and from the roof and is wainscoted with marble
toa height of about ten feet. ‘There are no columns in this room,
the roof being of trussed construction. ‘The heating and ventilat-pi
milk, butter, eggs and other provistonn.
entirely of enameled white brick, including two s
acter roimy ovens. ‘The entire mechanical plant is operated hyp
electricity generated in separ
a battery of ten boilers and a generating plant of about 10005
kilowatt capacity. Of course, the entire institution is lighted hy
electricity, both are and incandescent. Within the enclosure
there is a separate tuberculosis hospital, a laundry and bath
room, tailor, tin, carpenter and other shops, storehouses, and f:
the usual other adjuncts avy for its management.
‘The administration offices are in the center of the building and |
in front, and consist of the oifices of the warden, deputy warden
and the guards, the armory, photographic and measuring identitl
cation bureau, with a reception room and waiting rooms for
visitors. K
The residences of the warden and deputy warden are built
outside of the prison enclosure and ave separate residences.
was done according to the wish expressed by the attorney-gene
who felt that the warden’s family should have more privacy tha
could be had if constructed divectly in connection with the
prison.
Railroad switches from two railways enter through cages into
prison grounds for the delivery of fuel and provisions.
Outside of the prison enclosure is being built a corral for the
teams and the stock which operate the vegetable farm and do
‘the hauling for the entire prison.
All of the work has been executed by the employment of prison
labor at a great saving to the government, and while in the
beginning this seemed an arduous undertaking it has become
organized to such an extent that-we can perform this work ever Bf
Wreisay atanenass, Pion
Parsox Associazion of New Your. 129
better than can be performed by contractors using skilled labor
‘The institution as it stands today is not equaled in the world.
‘The success achieved in the utilization of prison labor is largely
aye to the admirable skill of Warden R. W. MeClaughry in
handling men and to the sacooss of his superintendent of con
struetlon in teaching prisoners various trades and induatrios.
This work was condueted at a great disadvantage owing to the
aot that the prisoners had to be maxehed from the old prison
nt Leavenworth three miles ont in the morning and the sue
distance back at night, A stockade was Grst built and a long,
low building, which could be used as dormitory and dining-room. —/
‘The amount of work dene by prison labor may be judged from
some of the following items. We quote from memoranda of the
estimated value of construction materials made by convicts with
the estimated market value of labor performed by conviets in
constriction work. ‘The estimate was for work up te September
8.1905
Eacavation.
450,000 cubie yards at 25 ets. per 3157,500 00
Bxeavating sewers, 17,000 cubic 5
per yard, 8,500 00
Grating.
180,000 eubic yards, at 28 cts. per yard 260,400.00
‘onerete footings, for doors, walls and founda.
tons, 75,000 cubic yards, at $5.40 per yard. 405,000 00
Stone quarried,
115,000 perches, at $2.00 per perch 280,000 00
Rough stone laid.
46,000 perches, at $2.50 per perch
115,000 00
Briéh laid in waite,
49,000,000 bricks laid in walls, at $17.00 per
yousand. eidelolvsesmbepeeetee
9
529,000 0
-Avsuat Recoer ov ae18
Stone-outting on native stone
178,000 feet, at 10 ets. per square foot 817,300 00
Stone-ontting.
Heavy water table of native stone, 13,500 lineal
feet, at 1,00 per foot,
aking: pitel face ashler on native stone, $8,000
lineal feot. at 35 ets. per Tineal foot.
58,000 lineal feet, at 10 ets, per lineal Toot
13,500 40
30,8007 09
5,800 00
Miscettaucons stonc-eutting, native atone.
2.000 lineal feet, curbing and evossing, at 25 ets.
per lineal foot......++ 500 00
Setting of Bedford stons ent by contract.
10,000 linet feet, nt 75 ots, per tineal foot
Cutting Heaford stone
11,500 cubie feet, a& $1.00 por enbie toot
Setting’ 11,500 cubie feet, at 25 els. per foot.
85,500 euhie feet, at $175.
Setting 25,500 enbic feet, al 25 ots, per enbie foot
11,500 00
‘Stone salts and steps.
3,000 square feet. at U0 cts. per samare foot 300 00
Cutting and setting Ratesvitie, Ark, stone,
3,000 enbic feet, at $2.00 pier cubic foot. 6,000 00
Setting 3,000 cule feet, at 75 ets. per foot 2,250 0
Setting phimbing fixtures.
Setting 474 waterclosets, ineluding piping, at
B12 ech, —
Setting 14 slate stall urinals, including piping, at
BLE each, 196 00
Setting 448 lavatories, includiug pipiog S584 00
Setting S lange slop sinks, at $8 each. ge 64 00
Belting 12 large water sinks, including piping,
at $8 each... ~— 96 00
5,688.00
Pnisox Association of Naw Yous.
\ding 2 sewer flush tanks, including material,
5150 each . ee
sertfug 2S bell traps, at $2 eaeb —
feet of 1 in, cast sewer, $1.00
50 feet of 8 to 6 in. cast iron sewer, $1.00
ing 3.500 feet of $ iuch water main, at §1.00
lasing 3.000 feet of 6 inch water main, at $1.00
Living 1420 feet of 8 inch water main, at 75 cts,
pee ft
sag 8.120 feet of 145 and 2 in, water main, at
ets, per ft
Slate roofs tai.
squazes, at $8.00 per square
Tie roofe taid.
squares, at $10.00 per square.
Capper sheathing and roofs.
Porting down, 7,760 square feet, at #1.00 per foot.
Plashing and ridges
wing 2,790 lineal feet
Dowa spouts,
Phicing 1,650 Tineal feet, at 35 cts. per foot.
Copper gutters
acing 4,580 lineal feet, at 25 ets. per foot,
Motel lath work,
£96,000 Tinea! feet, Vin. cast pipe, at 5 ets
14 foot He phat
1g 11,000 square yards of mnetal lath, at 10
Hs per yard. see
as
'$300 00
56 00)
65000
1,450 00
3.500
4,300 00
1,100 00"
Ansa Revonr on tae
Betting east iron work.
800 tons cast iron, set, at §5.00 per ton... $2,400
Setting structural steel work.
£860 tons steel work, creeted at $12.00 per tom. 10,320 %
Labor, plastering.
62,000 square yards, at 30 cts, « square yard... 18,600 a
Cement jloor finish
78,000 square feet cement ‘loors Taid, at 15 ets
per square foot cece LLT00 00
Cement stairs.
5 sets of cement stairs constructed nt
Setting erll work in cell wings,
1,872 days, at $1.25 por day. “i 2,310 00
Setting iron stairs,
19 stairs set, at $50.00 each
Granitoid walle laid,
1,800 square feet, at 15 cts. per square foot,
Steel sheet doors.
Setting 24 sheet steel doors.
Carpenter wor
Manufacturing and setting of exterior window
frames and doors in all buildings, aud general
carpenter work. 500 00
Grating windows and doors maile and set, including locks, hinges,
and fastenings,
92,500 square feet, at 55 cts, per square foot. 28.575 00
Glass set in place,
6,800 lights, at 5 cts. each.
Prison Astociasi0n or New Yours.
Painting.
und sqnaxe yards painting, at 10 ets, per yard.
Lnjing railroad track, including grading and
wating ties i
Wagon roads.
king wagon ronds, 4880 days, at $1.28 a day.
38 days for teams, at $3.00 per day ae
Developing quarry.
For stripping and developing quarry, 82,000 days
at $1.25 per day
Blectrical work.
Setting poles and general labor, 1,100 days, at
32.25 per day.
Marble setting in mess hall.
MTS square feet, at 30 ets. per foot...
Setting stone work in Kitohen,
S47 square feet, at 25 ets. per foot
Preparing stone-sawing plant.
300 days, at $2.50 per day:
Setting doiters.
200 days, at $2.25 per day.
$7,000 00
8,000 00
5A75 00
‘984 00
102,500 00
Installing machinery and fittings in ice plant.
920 days, at $1.25 per day
Labor om steam fitting.
400 days, at $1.50 per day.
Laying enumclod brick.
‘s.000 brick, at $20.00 per thousand
Laying fire-brick.
108,000 fize-brick, at $20.00 per thousand
184 ANNUAL Report oF Tue Paiwos Assoctantox of New York
Freight cars untonded.
1,82 ears unloaded, at $5.00 per ear... 39,120 00
Blockswith work.
General repairs, making tools for al mieehanies,
10,000 days ut $1.25 per da: aoe 12,500 00
Sand hated.
14,720 loads, at 75 ets. per load
We have given above only the items in whieh prison labor
‘was employed in preparing or lasing down or erecting materia
To these items must be added the cost of a large amonnt of
seed at reg tenis NAGIE onde) 38M Sele
that the government saved afty ceuts oa a dollar in building
fhe prison by prison labor compared with what it would have
eost to give the work out ro coatmiet, and the work has been
auch belter dona, ‘The results aviioved are move remarkable
when we remember that the major
the prison populstion
Sak tor oe Uae Sue Looe ek nad
learned their trade in prison. :
dpessos nosis Sooner two ato aotons “ee
WHAT NEEDS TO RE DONE IN NEW YORK,
‘thie Now York State Conferonce of Charities and Correction
hela its meeting in New York, November 14, 1906, ‘The Com
nities on the “Treatnent of the Criminal" consisted of the
following members: 8. J. Barzows, (Chairman), New York;
Peederie Aimy, Busfalo: Mrs, William WV. Armstrong, Rochester
‘imoud J. Butler, New York; George Dese, Warden Clinton
‘icon, Dannemora; Mes, Henry P. Grif, White Plains; Samuel
B. Hamburger, New York; Hon. Thomas W. Hynes, Brooklyn;
Addison Johuson, Warden Sing Sing Prison, Hon, ‘Thomas J.
fants, New York: Hon, Juliue M. Mayer, New York; Hop.
thomas Murphy. Busfalo; Mis. Maveia Chace Powell, Ghent;
Gon, Joseph B. Reott, Superintendent Kimira Reformatory
‘The following is the report of the commitiee, whieh was signed
by all but two members
To certain vespects the people of New York may look open
their prison aysten with reasonable satiafaction, for this State
has been a progressive and even a pioneer State in the feld’ of
prison reform. In some respects, howerer, our prison eystem is
Rotably weal. ‘The infinence of this Conference may wisely be
ceorted in perfecting it. Th this report, therefore, attention wstl
walled to vation directions in which, according to the beliot
ff the committee, the penal system of the State may be further
developed and improved,
Suggestions from each member of the committee were invited
by the chairman. All the suggestions thos received have been
embodied iu the report, and a Lage majority of the members of
fhe committee have seen this report and assented to. its com
clusions,
Tr ia gratifying to note that the Legislature at its last session
‘authorized the appointment of two commissions with reference
to our peual system, One of these relntes to the remodeling of
Stute prisons or the coustmnction of new ones, also the disposition
fo be made of the Fastern Reformatory at Napanoch, A second
commanion vente o the ajc of probation. ts futher develop
the Governor re sow porming ier feats andi
ment and improvement. ‘Chess
investigations; and. this
and that they must either be rem ae i
oe
and better stenetures. Bs Bue
se 6 poling ba td
Stoo hor cleasiyenonntated, ac ie bas ia other Stan, tat
than a drastic sod punitive institution. There js hardly a ity
in which the jnvenile const has been established where a fresh
Impulse hs uot boon given to the study of preventive mensores
developed. Afler a vecent inspection of the juvenile court of
impressed with the yveat opportimity of the judge and of the
persons in this preventive and corrective work. The spectacle
Prisos Assoctanion of New Yors. 1st
At Indianapolis of 0 large 4 nonuher of business men, fenchers,
awyers and others rallying axonad the court is certainly inspiring.
‘That city seems to lave demonstrated better than apy other
how far paid workers ein he prottably reinforced by intelligent
nd devoted volunceors
New York was the first State 10 Tead the way in the adoption
of the indeterminate sentence. ‘Two members of the committee,
fone of shem a judge of long experience, amd the other equally
experienced a A prison warren, hath urge a general adoption of
the indetermiuaie sentence. In the opinion of one of them, the
time has come for the removal of the maximum limit to such
Tr ie not snrprising that wite and experienced judges
the responsibility when they send a man
to prison, of deciding he shall come out, nor
the miniaworn ot rwaxinn) tune im months or years.
"The most importan
person who has committed an offense is a ft subject for proba
tion; and if not, whether he should he removed from society for
judge to decide is whethe
+ discipline and correction. The responsibility of deciding when
{nis discipline has become effective amd when the offender may be
‘conditionally released shovld not be thrown upon the jadge alone,
Yat upon authorities constituted especially for this purpose. If
im addition to medical and administrative authority. it seems
‘advisable to have judicial authority represented on our boards
of parole, such provision ean be made. New York has taken
the lead in this direction hy providing Su the law establishing
for Misdemeanants, that the eonrts
fand judges committing to 1
fon its board af parnle by one member from each court. Judges
fre alko represented on the hoard of parole of the Ledford Re
formatory,
But the best constituted parole board will work in the dark
jn determining the qualifieations of a prisoner for parole ualess
means are provided by whieh the prisoner may himself demon
Crate his fimess for conditional release, It is not extremely
‘itieult for a physician to tel] when & patient has reached the
ptage of physical convalescence, and it Is safe for him and for the
community to have him leave the hospital; and though the condi
Clone are more diffenlt, it if not impossible to devise @ system
Anwwat, Rerorr of ie
‘of teats and conditions which @ prisoner must meet and fatal
‘that will fairly rovenl his srnees for tentative release. Such a
fpstem was devised by Maconochie aud applied with great euceoss
by Sir Walter Crofton, Nowhere las it been better developed
than under Mx, Bzockway in our own State, It is a method
applicable to prisoners of all classes, whether juveniles or adults
misdemeanauts ox felons. coessfully been applied in
State prisons as well ax in
of the indeterminate sentence, we 1
institutious of a system of gradi
shail be, not simply to enforce shed prison eules,
Dut to develop the industrial, physiee!, moral and intellectual
capacity of the prisoner. Uuder mick a system, prisoners are
Detter fied for release, amd parole boats will kuow better
when to release them. ‘The n ading system would
be of further help in another diteetion, since st not oniy invieates
‘those who ave Arted for release, but those ho By defeet uf euar-
acter or constitution may need longer ov even permanent deten
tion, It is a defect of ue yrewint »vfem that we imprison men
who might better be yt ow penbation: hac we keep ia prison mesa
who migit beter be leented, and that we Hberate men who
ought to be permanently detained
Na adequate provision bos yet beeu inde far distinguishing
Detween qecidental aud habitual offenders. Yet it is of the
Ntmost importance that when a prisoner is eonvieted of an offense,
the jndge shonld know whether ot not he is dealing with aa
habitual vflender. Culer the system of Hentifeation recently
it is now possible to establish the identity of any
2 A matter of record. ‘The State of New York
in been progressive in establishing a State Buseau
fof Ideutidcation, which applies to all offenders committed to
the State prisons of New Yorks, and cooperation of other States
is invited, A limited application of the dager print system is
flso in use in New Yorks city, What is needed is a more thor
fongh development and extension of tisis system throughout
State, so that the dag runs sented may be available for the
cont, where such knowlege would he of great value to the judge
{in deciding whether probation or what other form of diseiplin
fand correction should be used.
Patsox, Assoctation of New one. 339
With the system of probation there is no longer ueed of the
comedy and tragedy of the short sentence, iThustrated as it has
een in our own and other countries, to the knowledge of the
chairman, by the sending of men or women 200 aud even 300 times
fo prison, Under a probation system and under a system of fines
which the offender may wovls out while on probation, the judge
‘may now give the offender all the opportunity he needs without
change of environment or without imprisonment; but when the
resources of probation axe exhausted it is [dle to commit offenders
for brief and definite periods of imprisonment. ‘They should be
ccoininiited under an indeterminate sentonce and a marking sys
tem rwitil they have fulfilled the (esis prescribed in the law for
conditional release. Pspecially I this true in the legal treat:
ent of dvimkenness, Nowhere is the ghastly failure of our
penal system more evident. ‘The dest offender, or rather let us
bay che corvigible offender, showld frst be treated with probation,
funder which many eases eau be saved, When probation fails,
‘treatment in am inebrfate hospital for a prolonged period should
foliow, under whieh mang eases would recover. These hospitals
‘should be maintained under strict discipline, and retense should
be on parole, For incorrigible Inebriates permanent detention
should be provided,
‘ks to the administration of our prisons, two members of the
committee, both of them prizon wardens, have called oftention
fo the great importance of a proper selection of guards and
hitendants. “My experience.” =88 one of them, “ has been that
poor subordinate officers lave been of great hindrance in the
proper treatment of the criminal and a great stumbling blocks
fo successtal prison advutuistration, If men are to be reformed,
the reformation eannot be accomplished hy men who need neform-
ing theinselves. do not know,” contioues this offeer, “how we
mre {o got a prison officer of a higher type, bat we sliould have
thous and they should have some training in their work if we are
to accomplish good results
‘Since the reqnirements of the civil service have aot set mot
all the needs of our prison system, the difienlty’ may be remedied
to some extent perhaps by the establishment here as abroad of
schools of training for prison officers
uo Avsvat Repost op Tip
‘The State of New York hne never secovered from the. prostra
tion of its prison industries whieh resulted from the ennetment
fof the amendment to the constitution, forbidding the sale of
prisonanade anods in the open tnnket. In the three State pris:
fons. Auburn. Sing Sig gad Pannemora. industries are well
established! and the effecr of the change af arstem i® uow mo
felt. but in several of the State peuitentiarios and in nearly all
of the Jails, the ileness rowing fron thie moasnve hae never
been overcame and remains at present one of the moat appalling
features of out prison system, The only way if ean he corrected
without a change in the constimntion is hy eoutraliving the contrat
fof all prison indnetiies, or hy qaciuue all qwisoners violating
tate lame ander State comtrol. -\ prism ayston by which
thousands of men are kept ia enforced ileness in prisons an.
enltentiavins fs a gross injustien Moth ta the prizoner and 10 the
faxpayer. Every jail and peniientiany in whieh men ave Kept fo
Tdleness ix an institution for promating vagahondage and erinue
Tn many of the States, prisoners are not omly self-supporting,
Int are able to enen comsidemble sums af money with whieh
to-snpport their families while in prison and to aid in re-establiah
Ing themselves on their release, Tt ix am unpardonable defect
fof the prison syatem of New York that while sen anoxe thm
earned fiein cost of maintenance twenty News ago. thes do not
Qo it vow ‘a envious anomaly eveated by our constitutional
amendment that though every State in the Union ean sell prisen
evw York State, we cannot sell ia one own market
in on prisims, tor even sell them In other States.
aly ought surely t9 he contested by the people af New
‘York, and it ean be corrected withent 4 return to the evils of the
contract srsten.
The limits of this paper forbid any further elaboration, We
can only reenpitulate in eonelusion the suggestions gleeady madi
and briefly enumerate others concerning which there is no fms
for argument, Every one of these snguestions is founded on priv.
ciples set forth by on National Prison Association: nearly all
of them have heen tied with snccoss in other
They ane as follows
Every means should be (aken to strengthen the sense of individ
ual and of social responsibility, to multiply the forces of pre
Pursox Associarion of New Yous aan
vention, to improve the physierl and moral condition of our cities,
to multiply kindergartens, schools, playgrounds, manual train-
Ing and every form of social betterment. ‘The forces which de
velop virtne are more potent in reducing crime than the forces
whieh suppress vice. Prohibitions may be useful, but education
in the habits of industry and sobriety is still better. ‘The police.
man, judge of prison warden eannot do the work in court or
prison which onght 0 be doue in and by the community
Imprisooment should not be the fixst, but the last resort in
eating with offenders, ‘The scope and functions of the children’s
court may be enlarged, and its efficiency increased ly the coopera
tion of teachers and citizens
‘The probation srstem both for adnlts und Juvenile offenders
should be improved and extonded.
‘The discipline of persons under arrest should not begin untit
after their conviction; they should have an opportunity to work
fon their own account while awaiting rial
‘Measures should be taken to distinguish in the courts as well
fas in prison, habitual criminals from fiest or aceldental offenders.
Imbeciles and fechleminded persons should no longer be pun
ished aa if they were responsible; they should be placed wader
proper custodial care
“AIT adult persons convicted of violating State laws shoutd be
teatt with hy the State and committed to its eustody.
The Staie should assume contro! of all penal institutions,
juvenile veformnatories excepted. ‘This would insure better classit-
feation, gwater economy and uniform trentment,
Prison industries should likewise be centralized under State
control, No prisoner eapable of work sould remain in idleness,
Prisoners should be allowed to share the proceeds of thelr Tabor,
a part of which should be available for their famities.
Prison administration should be entirely free from: the intluence
of partisan polities,
Jails should he used only a8 secure houses of detention for
‘these awaiting trial
‘Phe svetem of paying sherif so much per head and so much
per diem for every prisoner Kept in their custody ie able to the
Erentest abuse, for it Is to the interest of the sherif to have as
142 ANNUAL Repour or v1 Prison Association or New Yous.
many prisoners as possible. Tt should be replaced thronghou
‘the State by the salary system. ras
‘The Indeterminate sentence whonld be extended to ll but capttal
tffences aud applied to both foloye aut iledemeannuts,. Teatoutd
te a reformaiory for slsdemesnante ontaide of New York city
equal in equipment ro dat ut Elmita. Medical snd judicial te
thority mig Wall he represented ou all boards of yale: whieh
should be olutely nnpartisan. ,
Proper amas should be
oars
The phpsical condition of our prisons should be sande to cow
form to the highest requivenents of modern stnitatien, Laswry
hoold be excluded. Light and aie ave uecesiien. Eaicn) mene
ures t00 should be taken to prevent the sprent of twhercvlocs
rele
to secure a better grade of prison
nn shont@ he released nly tenta
tively. The opportanity »
ounity to help the paroled man shonld be lunproved by generous
and bumaze citizens.
Any prisoner or probalioner who can furnish conclusive proot
‘that he has lived an hovest and lawabiding life for a period
of five years after his conviction may he rewamded bj
the Sinte thus gives ro the eon
all record of kis eonvietion,
All professional erimiuala and incorrigible offenders should
be permanently segregated by the State,
WILLIAM MARSHALL FITTS ROUND.
Mamogian Miwume,
‘The following miaute wax unanimously adopted by the Execn:
tive Committe
William Marshall Pitts Round, for nearly twonty years the
corresponding secretary of this association, waa bom at
Pawtucket, Rhode Island, on the twenty.aisih day of March, 1845,
und died at Aenshnet, Massachusetts, ov the second day of Janu:
‘ary, 1900, Le received a New England academic edueation and
for a while studied fn the Harvard Medici School, but aid not
radnate owing toi) health. Frown University im 1892 bestowed
upon Iihn she howoraey degree of Master of Avts,
In 1872 he wos appointed Cuited States Commissioner to the
World's Fair whieh was held in Vienna the following year and
had charge of the New Bngland Department. He then became a
journalist and worked on papers in Bosion and this city. Im
1877 he married Miss Ellen Minor Thomas, grinddaughter of
Flon, Charles Minor of Jyaree, Pennsyivanie, who survives
him, Ta January 2881 he heesme a member of our executive
committee and in November 1882 our convesponding secretary.
‘This position he resigned on August 20, 1000, on the ground of
{I health. His later work was in Boston, both in penology and
journalism
Mr. Round was sincerely interested in all schemas for social
etterment and both officially and privately prominent in their
promotion. He had a lending part in the reorguntzation of the
Nationa! Prison Association and was its secretary and one of Its
directors, He was a delegate to prison congresses in Rome, Paris,
St, Petersbung and Benseels,
When Mr, Frederick G, Barmham In 1887 coneetved the happy
{dea of establishing on a farm at Canaan, New York, an institu
tional training schoo! for unruly bays he ealled in Mir. Round as
‘adviser, and Mr, Round lived #* the farm at intervals for several
144 Answat, Revoue ov itu Paisox Assoetarios of New: Youe
years, down to 1898, as director. Por the easter handling of hie
irying cherges he introduced the cottage aystem, and also the
“pill” system sherehy the obedient could pay by their good
‘conduct for certain extras and privilages, Oa the farm be ongen-
‘ued his emplosees into nn ovder which he called appropriately,
the “ Onder of Sb Christoplies.” for the (muiniag of axplenuts to
positions in public institutions
After Jeavlag the farm he lived at College Point, Ls Ey and
there had for a while the caes of a small orphan asetum,
Tn earl life he wrote under the pen name of Tey. Peter Peanot
land published several books: * Achsali” a New
study, Boston, 1876; “orn and Mended ” iS7H; “Child Marian
Abroad,” 1877; “Hal, the story of a elodhopper.” 1880;
feroft, a story of common places and common people,” ISS
‘Tue Prison Associa
connection with it his chief concern ond ao ove who beaed him
plead for it in poblic or observed his conduct in contact with Its
beneficiaries needed to be assured that the prisoner bad in him a,
wise fricud and helper. We gratefully reeord ony appreciation of
iis Jong and enthusiastic services,
tion was however, durin the years of bie
‘TREASURER'S REPORT,
For rue Tweive Moxeas ExpiNe Deconiun 31, 1906.
Balance in Mechanics National Bank,
January 2, 1905 s BAI58 OE
4.200 os
Tacome:
Donations seceived, twelve months... ¥L1,001 20
New York State Reformatory, twelve
month.
Rents (185
‘onthe.
ast 15th Street), twelve
< Bxpenditeres:
Bxpenses of agoaey In New York clty
for persons under arrest, on proba
tion in eate of the Association, dis.
charged convicts and general reliet
work. : :
Bgpense of State organization, prison
$5,058 16
fand jail inspection and county work, 255 68
Real estate expenses including taxes,
‘assessments, Water rents, foSUrAMee,
Interast on mortgage, ete, et
Raalance on hand December 31, 1905,
1,502 29
H2p14 38
5,t0t aL
17.915 TH
4G Anxvay Ravorr ov 2ux Paison Association or New Yous,
Srareanar or site Ruseuys Fuso,
Balance on hand January 1, 1M.
Interest received thereon from the New York Life
Insurance and rust Co. te December 21, 1905. 80 06
2,009 17
Balance at eredit of reserve fund, Necember $1, 190
wo720 2
J. SHELY WaKD, JR,
enourer.
TOWNSEND & DIX,
COUNTY COMMITTEES.
In onder to seeuse proper attention to local conditions, and co-
operation with reference 10 the general prison system of the
State, the plan of organization of the Prison Association of New
York involves the formation of a corresponding and eoope
coumittes in each county of The State, The persons in
Towing counties have aecepted sueh positions and additional Lists
fof members ave in preparation
Teoome counts. Residence, Ringlamton, De. J. G. Orton, 1.
1M. Beecher, Austin §, Rowup. D. H. Carver, Dr. J. ML. Farrington,
S.J. Hirshman, F.C, Piehener, William A. White
Cattaraugus county. Residence, Portville, Hop, W. B. Merse
Caymgn county. Residence, Auburn, Feank W. Richardson,
Dr. Cheeseman, Prof, Avthoy 8. Host, Mrs, Mary ©. Beardsley,
Frederick Sefton, M. 1), Rev. E. W. Miller
Chemung county.—Residence, Elmira, ZR. Brockway, Rev.
William 'T, Henry, W. €, Peebles. Mas, J. H. Pleree, Hon. Charles
R. Pratt, Thereon H. Wales, M.D.
Chenango county.Residence, Norwich, Neleon P. Bouny, J. E.
w.
Delaware county—Residence, Delhi, Andrew J. Nicol, James
K, Penfield.
Evie county.—Residence, Buffalo, A. G, Sherman, George B.
John Martin, Horace Nye. Mee
Genesee cont —Residence, Batavia, H. J. Burkhart
Greene connty—Residence, dineenville, Chas. P. MeCabes reek
ence. Catskill, J. I. Olney. Jeremiah Day.
Herkimer county. Residence, Herkhiner, O. H. Deck, M.D.
Jefferson county, —Resieuee, Watertown, J.C. Know!ton, Jesse
M. Adams, Rev. Richard , Keyes
148 Annual Ruvonr op rite Prisox Assoctation on Niw Your.
Livingston county.—Residence, Geneseo, De. John HL. Milne;
residence, Dansville, Dr. James H. Jackson, A, 0. Bunnell
Monroe county —Residence, Rochester, William B. Sutherland,
Judge Arthue HE. Sutherland, Quincy Van Voorhis,
Montgomory county.—Residenee, Fonda, W. Frothiagham, 3
y—Residence, Clinton, fer, B. P. Powell
Tealdence, Syacise, A. B. Bdge, do
Caran, Heasy Hyde, Row. E,W. Muay
Ontario county-—Hesidence, Canaudaiguay Dr. ©. . Mitchell;
nce, denocn Cal, Lest Pago
Oawogo county —tosidence, Onogo.€. HL. Butler, Gibest Mol
thon
BE Lawrence counly.—Iesdence, Canton, Charles Caldwell,
Werth Ghambertai, Are, D.L, dation, De. Payson, W. I, em
Ingion; residence, Ogdensbarg, Robot J. Dovalse, Bishop en
Gabriels. © . =
Steobon couniy.—Heridence, Atlanta, H.C, Hatch; redone
Hornllvie, BF. Sith, Bf 1. Smith; rvidenc, Hammonds
port, Monroe Wheeler.
‘Wyoming county.-Residence, Warsaw, H. E. Gusney.
HONORARY CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
UNITED STATES.
Alnbama,—R. H, Dawson, Montgomery; Miss Julia 8. Tutwiler,
Livingston; Mes. R, D- Johnston, Birmingham.
California. —Prainavd F, Smith, Represa, Sacramento Co, Cal
Colorado. William F. Slocum, Colorado Springs
Connecticut—doln C. Taylor, Hartfor
Florida —L. B, Wombwell, Tallahassee.
Hlinois—Prof, €, R, Henderson, Rev. H. HL Hart, Chieayo.
Indiana —Thos. [, Bison, Fort Wayne; Alvin, Hert, Jeffer:
Kansis—John 1D. Milliken, MePherson; R. W. MeClanghry,
Fort Leavenworth
Loulsiana—Michael Heymaan, Clarence F. Low, New Orleans
Maine —Witliam Sawyer, Portland
Massachusetts.—W. F. Spalding, Boston; F. R. Sanborn. Con-
cord.
Michigan—Levi L, Barbour, Detroit; I. C. Storrs, Lansing.
Minnesota-Samuel G, Smith, St. Paul; Austin H Young,
Minneapolls.
MissousiThos, P. Haley, Kansas City,
New Jerses.—B, J. Anderson, Trenton.
New York. —Z. R, Brockway, Elmira.
North Carolina —Col. W. F. Beasley, Plymouth.
jh Dakota—N, F. Boucher. Bismark.
R. Briukerhoff, Mansfeld
aul M. Wilbur, Portland.
Peansslvania—I. J. Wistar, Philadelphia. .
Tennessce-—Rev. P. 1. Cobb, Rev, A. E, Phillipe, Mrs.Z. N.
‘Wiltiams, Nashville
‘Texas Joln X. Henderson, Pattas; La A. Whatley, Huntsville
Vermont.—L, 1, Hazen, St. Jobnsbury.
Virginia Robert Stiles, Richmond,
350 Axnvar Revue or vie
Wisconsin—Clarenee Suyder, Hon. James
Wright, Madison.
Washington —John B, Catton,
Tacoma
Heg, A. 0.
a
la; Hon. Eensi Sister,
FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
BERMUDA,
J. HL, Jackson, Hamition,
FRANCE,
A. Rividve, Seeretary Soci
Dauphine, Paris; Mons. Robin ipaateur). 21 Rue Platt, Belle
ville, Paris Mons. Voanerille ie Norsimge. No.7 Rue Penthidere,
Pavis; De, Paul Baillie ni Hlanasman, Pais; 3.
wenger, Vice President du Portalis, Paris.
16 Générale des Prisons, 14 Place
‘
Johann Wichera, Rauhe Baus, Horn bel Hamburg; Herr Heine
mann, 250 Hammer
ERMANY.
andstrasse, Harn bei Hamburg; Dr, Pébring,
President Tribunal of -lastice, Hosshusz; Pastor Winekleman of
of Soxoav: Hermava Adami, LLAD., 5
rasse, Bremen,
the Prison Assoc
Bismave
GREAT BRITAIN.
Alfied Davis, 19 St. Ermine Monsioas, Westminster, London,
E. C.; Dr. Maurice Davis, swiok aquare, London, W. G.;
45.4. Henley, Local Gor Inspector, New Govern:
ment ofive, Westminster, Lolo weral Sis EP. Du.
Cane, London, Eng.: Plorence ra
hhanna Margaret Hill, 62 Hagies road. THiemingliam, Eng. Flor
fence Nightingale, 19 South ative", Tonton. Eng: William Tallack,
ExSevetaty Howard Assoviatinn, + !sshopsyrate staeet Without
London, Esg.; Walter 8. Crofton, Calsoor Croft. Totton, Hamp.
shire, Bag: ©. H. Hopwood, Loulou, Rag,: Tohn Macdonnelt,
London, Eog.; Lord Tames Herefont, Foudon, Eng:+ Teslle Seott
Esq, Liverpool, Bug.; B. Ruggles Brise, Chairman of Directors
of Conviet Prison, Parliament street, Loudon, Eng.; Rey. J. W.
poet Will, Oxford, E
1808 Association oF Nuw You at
Horsley, St. John’s Rectory, Walworth, Eng-; Arthur Maddison,
Secretary, Reformatory and Refuge Union, London, Eng.; Sir
Joba Bcort, Malabar House, St. Albans, Eng.; W. Douglas Mor
‘ion, LLAD., 2 Embankment Gardens, Chelsea, Eng.
HODLAND.
2, B. Gockinga, Leeuwarden J, BruinwoldRiedel, Amsterdam,
INDIA,
Rey. Dr. T. J. Seott, Bareilly
ITALY.
Benator Martino BeltraniSealia, Rome; Prof. Cesare Lom
brogo, Turin; Baron R, Garofalo, 29 Largo Garofalo, Naples.
JAPAN,
‘Ternsaki Oinovye, Kabato, Hokkaido; Rev. K. ‘omeoka, 38
Miyamasce, Sibuya, ‘Tokio; H. Sano, Secretary General of the
Penitentiary Society of Tokio; Kelgo Kiyoura, Minister of Jus:
thee, Tokio,
RUSSIA.
Hon. Michael Kazarin, Department of Prisons, St. Petersburg.
SWITZERLAND.
Dr. Guillaume, Barean of Statistics, Berne.
LIFE PATRONS,
By Cowsemosions oF
M, Bayard Brown,
F. Ambrose Clark
Mrs. William E. Dodge
Comeling 8. Gold
Mrs. Cornelius B, Gold.
Henry I, Metlarg
Oswald Ottendorfer.*
Miss Julia Rhinelander.”
Miss Serona Rhinelander,
500 on MORE at One Tine,
Dean Sage."
William 1, Scott,
Tacob H. Schit
Roswell Smith."
Mrs. ALT. Stewart.
Lispenard Stewart,
Cornelins Vanderbilt.
William i, Vauderbitt
Cathrine 1. Wolte.*
John David Woite."
Mrs. Anna Woerishotfer
HONORARY MEMBERS.
By Consminustoss oF $100 an One Tine.
George 1. Archer.
Mrs, Caroline W. Astor.
Frodevick Billings.
Mre. Frederick Billings.
B.C, Bogert
Willian 7. Booth.
Edward Einstein
A. R, Flower,
George 8. Fraser.
Elbridge 7. Gerry.
Peter G. Gerry.
Wiliam ©. Gilman,
Alexindes Targraves Brown, Winthrop 8. Gilman,
1. P., Liverpool, Pngland. Edwin Gontd.
Samer Brown,
Mf, Bayard Brown,
Mise Snrah B. Broce.
WK, Bull
Saumel 1, Caldwell
Andrew Carnegie.
Mars, ‘Thomas Carnegie.
John Caswell
B, Ogdea Chisolm.
W. B. Chisolm
Haward Severin Clark,
R.Palton Cutting.
Henry W, DeForest.
Mrs. William E. Dodge.
William Botler Duncan,
George Ehret
Charles Harrah.
Broderick. HU,
Foseph Howland,
Mize, Joseph Howland.
Meredith Howland.
Glazence M. Hyde.
‘Sane! Macauley Jackson.
Moreis K. Jesup.
James HL. Jones,
James K. Keene,
John 8. Kennedy
Woodbury 6, Langdon.
Mise Lenox.
‘William P. Letchworth.
Pierre Lorillard,
Richard A. McCurdy.
Marz. C. I. MeLanahan.
‘Men Metane.
J.B. Mead,
George D. Morgan,
K. M, Olyphant.
Daniel Parrish
George Foster Peabody.
154 ANNUAL Rupore av tne Prisox Association or Nuw Yous.
B,D, Peters
Wendel! Prime, D. D,
John A. Pullen
forge ©. Rand.
Latham (. Reed
W. © Rhinelander,
J. Hampden Robb.
©. V.8. Rooserelt
Florace Russell
oP
Adan T. Sackett.
Dena Sage.
Sovepl
au p80u,
F. Augustus Schermetlora,
1. G, Sellew
Mrs, Feuneis George Shaw.
Mrs. Mary Sheate
©. HL Shipmat
Johu D. Slayback
Eugene Smith
Mra, Catherine T. Spencer.
Anson Plolp= St
H. 8, Tarbell
eth, Thoma
Phoehe Anna
Res. Hen
Chases 1
Slew
George C
J. Bee
Williaa Seward Webb,
BR. W, Weston,
HL P, Whitney
Mis. dFoseph MF. White
Cornetivs 1. Wood.
J. Wabter Woot
Willian Wood.
LIFE MEMBERS.
By Coxraregzions oF $50 ax Oxo Tce.
A Friend.
Sohn H. Abeet.*
cll Adler.
W. W. Astor
Kolert F. Ballantine.
Bell.
August Helmont
Mrs, Frederick Billings.
Cornelius N. Bliss.
3. Carson Brevoort.
Tames M. Brown.
John Crosby Brown,
Stewart Brown,
Sirs. Edwin M, Bulkley.
Benjamin G. Clark.
Mrs, Wan, E, Chisholm.
Fauna Coftn
W. T, Coleman,
Wn, Colgate
Most Rev. Mf. A. Corrigan.*
Tsraet
Alb
Mrs. Thomas Crane.”
W. H, Crossman & Bro
6
Norman W. Dodge.
William B. Dodge, Jr.
R. G. Dun
Mrs. B, @, Dun
P. W. Kugs.
WK. Evans
BH. Field
Hawitton Fish
James Foster, Je
‘Mbert Gallatin,
‘Arthar ilman,
Horace Gray.
Mrs, O. B. Hackley.
Mrs, Jobo Hall.
E, 0. Halliday.
Mrs. B. €. Halliday.
John ©. Hlavemeyer.
E, Berriek.
James €. Holden,
james Forue
Mrs. Thos. Hubbard.
‘Thomas Hunt.
Henry E. Huntington,
John Win. Hutehinson.
Bredericx B. Hyde.
Richard Irvin.
Dadiey Jardine.
Alex. 8. Johnson,
Edward Jones.
James J. Jones.
G. W. Knowiton,
Mrs, A. M, Kidder.
‘Samuel HZ Kissarn.
Francis G. Landon,
156 Awxuat Revour oP 2uB Painox Association oF
Siti Aoaua 2 Ben
an, tale Samos 0. Eldon
San ishimtne, ey Shrne < ppransvons: toe ee
re Pee Jour W. Sagoo
Miebee soho, Willan Songs a sates $000
thom sees Comet Sth :
era wea Tae Spore A Peon
Moor € ate Abbots Rev, Lxmaa
Roland G. Mitchell. ‘Aesetis, Feit
ment ones Guaion 3 Tao Mr ater 3
Willan Fale Ltn Aare er dames Hormona
De ovpuart ise Freie F. Thompon, Aermande, Be OB
tonene Pun PoE ee feeder
Anthon, Mrs. Edward.
Archbold, Jobn'D.
‘Arustrozg, Jolin
Arkenbnrgh, Mrs. E. J
‘James 1 Raymond. Samnel Wetmore. Arnold, Constable & Co
‘Thomas F. Rowland. Mrs. E. V, 8, Winthrop. Atoclia, Mrs Assocs
Mrs. Dean Sage. W. HL 8, Wood. Atterbury, J. T.
W. G. Schermerhorn. J. Woolsey: Auchineloss, Mrs, E. 8.
Siegel Mrs. B. J. Woolsey. Auchineloss, Mes. J. W.
‘William 3, Scott. Andrew C. Zabriskie. Auchmuty, Mra. R. T
SESTSSSSSSTSSSSSSSSSSSTE
Annuan Bevorr or ae
Baker, Miss Bovily H.
Balfour, Williamson & Ca,
arbour, Robert.
Barhyat, Mrs. P. Tlackley
Barlow, Mos. Annie H
Rares, (
Rares, 11. §
Barnwell, M. 6
Barr, Ji. William
Rarron, Mes, Walter J.
Bartlet, Mrs. Henry P.
Bascom, George J
Ratjer, Hens
Ratjor & Co
Batter
Baylie
Revel, Captain W
Readleston, Miss
Bechstein, Awgustas FE
Beckhard. Martin
Beckwith, Professor 1.7.
Booknian, Gerd
Reckwar, Mhss, John N.
Falins,
Behr, Herman & Co.
Relais, Davia.
Retknap. WB.
Bell, Miss Henviet
Peller, Mee. A :
Hellont, Miss Sadie H
Relmont, Angust & Co,
Benedict, Mes. J. H.
Benedict, Mss Lrdia,
Benjamin, Mes. Basthora
Benjam eT
Benson, Mrs
Paitox Assoctarios oF New Yous
Benson, Miss Mary A.
Bentley, John.
Bergen, Mrs. Tunis G..
Bergmann, Charles H..
Bernheim, Mis, Henry.
Bier, Mrs, Sylvan,
Bierman, Mes.
Biglow, Lncins H
Billings, Predeviek
Billings, Mes, Frederick
Billiuge, Miss Mary ML.
Bishop, Me
Blair & Co.
Blair, Mes
Blood, Sa
Bloodgood, John
Bluen, Movvis J.
Blomenthal. George,
Blumgart, Louis.
Boardman, Mrs. L
Bourne, Miss Emily H,
Rourne, Miss Florence...
Brackett, George C..
Bradford, Mra. W. H. Se.
Bradley, C. Cole, M.D.
Bradley & Smith
Brainerd, Cephas.
Breose, Mrs. A.
Brewster, Mrs, Benjamin
Brewster, Robert S..
Rriekelmaier, J. B.
Axwuan Rrrosr or nH
Bridgham, Miss Emily G.
Bristol, Jolin I. D,
Brittain, William F.
Brondwell, Mrs. Saniuel J
Brows, Mes, FQ.
Brown, Jobn Croshy
Brown, M. Bayard
Brown, 7. Q. J
Bruce, Miss Sarai E.
Brunswick, Mrs, Bmanuel
Bryce, Mise M. 2
Buckelew, Mise Sarl F,
Buckvall, irs. Henry W.
Bulkley, Mrs, Edwin M.
Bulkley, Edwin ¥
Bunting, Mist 5, M0.
Burbank, A.
Borden, Henty.
Burnham, Mes
Burnhass, May. L
Boras, A. 1
Butler Bros.
Butler, Mes. Bie
Budler, Willard Parker.
Butterworth, Mrs. George F.
Gaiman, Mow. Emma.
Canfield, Charles 8
Cantor, Joseph
Carnegie, Andrew
Camogie, Mes. Thomas M.
Garter, Ernest 1.
Garter, Rev. Samuel 7.
Gacy, Miss Kate
Case, Mrs. Clinton P.
Case, F.C. :
Cattus, Mos. F.C.
Prison Asnocranton of New York.
eauldwell, Mrs. W, Accs cseess
Central Congregational Church...
Century Company woe
Chanler, Miss Mangaret Le
Chapin, Mrs, Altved.
Chapin, 8. B..
Chapman, Miss Isabel
Chesebrongh, Robert A.
Chisotm, 1. ‘Ogden
Chisolm, George E.
Claflin, The H. B. Co.
Clarkson, Mk H.
Clinch, Miss Apna C.
Clyde, Wiliam P. =
Cockroft, Miss Mary.
Colby, Howard 3.
Colgate, Willia .
Collier, Miss Georgette T. A.
Colting, Miss Mary.
Collord, George: W
Collger, Mrs. K. S.
Comstock, James €
Congdon, HL.
Conklin, Roland R,
Connen, 3. Harvey
Cook, Charles 7.
Cook & Herubeimer Co,
Coombe, . Gorton
Cornell, Baward.
Cornell, Hon, Robert C.
Coster, Mes, Charles Henry
Cox, A. Beekman.
Cox, Mrs. John J.
Coxe, Mrs. Davies:
Crane, Mra, A B.
Grane, Mrs. Willlam N,
Crentzhorg, Mrs. Mary F.
*Croaby, Mrs. Edward N..
‘Coupingham, Miss B. 6.
u
we
aaaada
162 Axsvan Bnponn ov THe
Corie, HL
Curley, J...
Cartis, Miss B. 8,
Curtis, Warren.
Cortis, Mee, William B.
DPF.
DW. 0.W
Dana, Charles
Davenport, Tullus B.
Davidson, Sirs. ML. Louise,
Davies, William 6.
Day, Mrs, Hears Mills
Day, William §.
Dea, Foseph
Dons, Mrs, Hlen Ta.
De Bary, Frederick & Co.
Decker, Charles A.
Ge Coppet, FB. J.
‘e Coppet, Henry.
Dechon, Miss MH." ja memory of Mts, Jackson,
e Kiya, B, F.
Deleted, Stes Bical B.
Delateld, Matucin 1
Denny, Miss
De Peyster, Mies Augusta M.
De Sola Bros. & Pardo
Devins, Rev, John Bancroft
Dexter, Miss Rose L.
Dieckerbomt, Raloer & Co,
Diedrich, Miss Marie ML
Dix, Rov. Morgan
Dodge, Cleveland H.
Dodge, Rev. D. Stuart.
Dodge, Francis E
Dodge, Mrs. George E
Dodge, Miss Grace FL
Dodge Norman
Dodge, Ms. W. E
Parson Astoctawion ov New Your. 162
Dominick M.We-2.2-++ sex $10 00
Dotter, Charles T.. — 5.00
Ponglas, Mrs. George William 10 00
Dowd, J.J. . : 10 00
Drapes, Mrs. Henry. Diiiieneess 1000
Du-Hois, C.D. — Ti 10 00
Doer, Miss M.
Duggin, Mrs. Charles.
Don, Mrs. RG:
Dunham, Mes, Carroll
Doight, Mie. MB.
Dyer, Mas. B. Te
George R.
Bagle, Clarence H.
Bldlits, Robert James
Bifert, Henry F-
Binstein, To Does-esseees
Viseman, Mrs, Samuel...
Bisenmann, G. F.
Elder, Mra. Matilda A
Elliott, George 1.
Filis, Foun W
Ely, Brederiek G.
Emmet, Miss Lydia Field
Emmons, Arthur Be.
Brlanger, Abraham
wing, Mrs. Thomas, J,
ygnanl, Rey. Charles P
Fahnestock, 1. ¢
Fatlon, Hon, John J
etd, Mra, W. D.C.
Pink, Mrs. Martin D.
Fischer, B. & Co,
Fish, Miss Marian
Fish, Mes. Nicholas. -
Fisher, Dr. ©. Irving.
Fisk, Plioy
Awnuat Retone oF sain
Flower, A. R. z3
lower, Miaa Mary A
Poote, Dr. B. B.
‘Posbes, David
Poster. 7. Hegeman
Roster, Ars, Scott
Fougera. B. & Co.
Foulk, ates. M. P.
Frank, Enail H.
Frankeubach, Charles E..
Freund, John €
Bey Art Co.
Fold, Seligman
Foller, Mrs. G..A.
Forni, Miss C.
GW.
Gallatin, Albert
Gannett, Rev. W. 6.
Garvetison, Francis
Garvignes, We A
Geer, Mrs, Walter
Gerry, Hon. ENinidge 1
Gerry, Beier @.
Gerry. Robert Te
Gibts. Harriet D
Gibson, Mrs, Henry 8
Gilbert, George ¥.
Gilman, Winthrop &
‘ltsey. Peter
Ginn & Co
Givernand Bros,
Goddard, 3. W. & Sons
Gold, Cornetine B.
Goldenberg Bros. & Co.
Goldmark, James
Goldamith, Mex
Paso Assostanion of New You.
Goodwin, James
Goutd, Edwin
Graves, Mies Lavinia B.
Graves, Rufus R
Greef, Bernhard & Co.
Greene, J. Ashton
Greenovgh, John
Grossman, Mes. E, A
Guild, Frederick A.
Guinrburg, Mes. Vietor
‘Gunther, Franklin L
Halkett, Baroness.
Hall, Thomas R. A.
Halsted, Miss Laura P,
Halsted, Mise MM
Ham, James
Hare, J. Montgome
Harkness, Edward 8.
Harmon, Mrs, William E.
Harper, Mrs. Joseph W.
Harrison, Mrs. Bary L.
Hartyell, John A MD.
Havemeyer, John ©.
Hawley, Mrs. Joba 8
Hayden, Mra. HL
Hayes, Hon. Patrick
Healy, A. Augastus,
Hearn, J. A. & Son
Heide, Henry.
Treitbrun, Mr. Joseph B
Heller, Mise Eugenie a.
166 Awswat, Repent op 1
Heller, L. & Son.
Heneken, Hancke
Henderson, Mies MW
Hendricks, Mise Eleanor:
Henry, Mrs. H. 8.
william,
Hewitt, Mrs. Baward
Hewlett, Mrs. J. A
Hickok. Mrs. George 8,
wildburgh, eary
Hills, Mrs, Alfred K.
Bills, Willa
Hoar, Mrs. lizabeth 1,
Hloe, R. & Co.
Hoe, Mrs, Robert
Hoe, Robert
Hoffman, Mrs. B. A.
Hoffman, F. B.
Hoffman, Samet B.
Holmes Blectrie Protective Co.
Holt, Henry
Holt, Robert
Holter, Mrs. B. 0
Homans, Atos, Frances
Hoppin, William W.
Hopps, Mrs. L. W
Horn, The Misses...
Hoyt, Miss Gertrude 1.
‘Hubbard, Miss Anna Weir,
Hobbara, Mss, Thomas H isixe
‘Hubbard, Gener! Thomas H. a
Humphrere, Alesander
Hun, Marcos T
Bungerford, RLS
Hunt, Charles W.
Hunter, LB.
Huntington, Henry B.
Huntington, Rov. W. H,
Shepard.
Hustace, Bs. R. ®
Husted, Seymour L., Jr
Hutton, Walter
Mugler, Joba 8.
Hyatt, Mrs. A. M
Hyde, A. F
Hyde, Clarence M.
yde, Samuel M
Hyde, W.
Inslee, Miss Eliza...
Irving, Mrs. Gugy E.
Iselin, Win. & Co
Isham, Samuel
ves, Chauncey
‘ves, Broderick D.
TB. Gees :
Jackson, Sexuel Macauley
Jackson, Mrs. W. TE
Jacobi, Dr. Abram.
James, Darwin R
samecou, EB. ¢
Jay, Mrs. John
Jenkins, A. B.
Jenkins, A.W.
Jermain, Miss M. ©.
Seeup, Morris K.
Sex, Mrs, Teabella
Johnston, D. V. R.
Jouoston, Mrs. FU
Sobuston, William
Jones, Andrew E
Jones, W. 8. Jr
Judkins & MeCormick Co.
Judson, Meare T
Kable, Mt
Keller Printing Co
Kelley, Av Weveeees
Kellogg, Mrs. Charles.
Belsey, CH.
Prison Assoctarion or New York.
Axwtar, Revorr oF rire
Kemeys; Mr. and Mrs. Walter 8.
Rendall, Mrs. Edward Ht,
Kendall, The Misses
Kenyon, William Houston
Kerr, Walter é
Retelias, Mise Alice...
Kidd, Mrs, James
Kidder, Mrs. A. M
Kilborne, C. T
Kimball, A.B.
King, Miss Ellen.
Kittredge, § :
Klingenstein, Jacob...
Knauth, Nachod & Kahne
Knopf, Samue!
Knox, HH...
Kobbe, Fredericle
Robbe, George €
Kohn, Theodore A.
Krause, George A.
Kyle, Jaives & Sons.
LB. G
LAmoreaux, J. 8.
Landes, Dr. Leonard.
Landon, Svs. Heary H
Langdon, Woodbury G.
Joseph.
Lasker & Lathrop...
Lathers, Miss A...
Lawrence, John Burling,
Lawrence, Mrs. Samuel
Lawrence, William W.
Lawton, Mrs. J. M
#15 00
Puigos Associations or Naw Your.
Leask, Edwin Mt
ae re
Fetehworth, Hop, William P
Leverich, 8 Danean....++
Levi, Sondheimer & Co.
Levy, Mos. I HL
Lewis, Mrs. Mary
Tewisoln, Mes. Albert,
Lincotn, Lowell
Giscom, Mes. E. HL
Livingston, Cambridge.
Livingston, Miss Julia
Locke, John 3M.
Lockman, John T.
Lockwood, Homer N
Loeb, Gustave
Thoeser, Mrs, Vincent
Loewy, Mrs. J
Toines, Stephen....-++
Loomis Ans. Henry
Lord, Franklin B
Lord, George deorest.
Loring, Daniel A..
Lorton, Mrs. Heth...
Tow, Ae Assesses
Tow, Hon. Seth
Tow, William 6:
Lowell, Mis. Cart
Eowengand, Otto
Tudlam, George P
Tudlow, Edward 1,
Lupton, FO
Task, Dr. William ©.
Lyaig, David.
0 ANSUAD Revonn oF HE
Lynde, Rollin
Mefee, James K
‘Meltumey, Charles I
McCook, Col, John J.
‘MeCord, WHliuwn I.
MeCreery, Ihrs. James M
MeBwen, Danie! (
McEwan, Thomas. Jt
MeKim, J. A,
MeKim, Leo :
MeLane, Mrs. Adelaide L,
Mackaven, Mrs, F.
Melean, Jobu 8... cers.
MacDonald, Wes, Joseph 3
MacNeil, H.
Macy, V. Everie
Mager, Mrs. Robert F.
Maillard, Henry. de.
Mansfield, Howard
Mare, Theoplits 3
Mareh, Miss Virginia A.
Mattison
Maxwell. Mrs, Robert 3
Mayer, Aibort é
Meigs,
Meigs, Mra. Titus B.
Melcher, John §.
Mendelson, Simon
Metcalf Bros, & Co.
Meyer, William & Co...
Piso Associstios o” New Yous
Miadleton & Co.
Milbank, Mrs, Joseph
Mithotiand, loka
Miller, Mrs A...
Mille, Mrs, Mouptfor
Mitchell, Mrs. Bone
Mitchell, Rowland G:
Mitchell, William
Mix, Robert J
Moller, Biwin Clarence,
Montenth, Mise Sarak J.
Montgomery, TB
Morgan, Mes, W. Fellowes
Morningstar. Joseph
Moore, Mrs, Edward C.
Moore, W. H. H
Moran, Mis. D.
Morgan,
Morgan,
Morgen, George HL
Morgan, Mrs. d., 1
Morgan, Mus, J. Pieryont
Morgan, Mise Ursula J...
Moria, Henry Lewis
Mortimer, Mrs. W. ¥
Mott. W. F.
Mount & Robertson
Mune, Charles A
Monn, 0. D.
Munroe, Mrs, Chester.
Murray, Mise Catherine,
Nichole, J. W. T.
‘Nicholson, Joke.
Norris, Met, Joseph P
North, Dr. N. Ley J.
North, Thomas M
OConuor, Thomas H
‘O*Donohe, Mrs. Joseph J
ae ANNE Reroar oF 7n8
Ogden, Mrs. Chatles W
Ostivie, Mes, Jotm 8.
Oleott, Dudley
Olcott, George M
Olmsted, Mrs, Charles Tyler
Olyphant, J. Kensett
Olyphant, Robert M
ONeill, Mes. Ht
Gothont, Mrs. Jane F.
Opdyeke, Mrs, Emerson.
Opdyke, Mrs. W. 8
Openiym, Mes. Adolphe:
Openhym, William & Sone
Ormsbee, AL Tess eccecseeee
Osborn, Wiliam Churet
Palmer, General W. J.
Paris, Mrs, Francis U.
Parish, Heary es
Parish, Miss Shaan D.
Parker, Gondon
Parker & Melntyre
Parsell, Mes. H. V
Porsons, Mrs, Edwin,
Parsons, John E.
Partridge, Mrs. BE. .
Patterson, J. W....
Patterson, Miss Annie 6.
Pavenstedt, Adolf
Payne, Miss 8K...
Peabody, George Foster,
Pearsall, J. W.
Pederson, Dr. James
Penfold, Miss Josephine,
Derry, W. Herbert
Peterson, re, Wilson
Philbin, Eugene a.
Phipps, Miss Sarah M.
Pinkerton, Robert A
Pages Astoctarion or Nnw Your
Pitkin, W. F.
Planten, John B
Plout, Albert.
Plumb, Chasles Lacey
Polk, Mrs, William M.
Pope, Miss Elizabeth A
Pope, Mise Theodate.
Post, ALS.
Post, James I,
Potter, Miss Martha
Pouch, PE
Prentice, Mrs. W. 8. Ps
Price, Mme, Truce.
Prime, Miss Mary.
Prime, Rev. Wendell.
Proctor, Mes. James Ht
Provan, Mrs, Alexander
Pugh, Thomas... se...
Purnam’s Sous, @. P.
Quartlander, Rev. Paul
Quinn. Mrs. ML F.
R.&G Comet Co,
Radley, Joln J.
and, Rev. William W
Raven, Anton A.
Raymond, Charles HL
Raymond, B. W..
Reed, William A
Redmond, Mise Brily
Rees, Lonie J
Rhinelander, Miss Serena.
Rhoades, Miss J. H
Rice, Ignatius,
Richard, Auguste
Richard, Mise Bivine, .
Richard, Wiliam L..
Righter, J. H.
Riker, Samuel.......
Riley, Champlain.
m4 Awstat Resonr or sy
Ripley, Mrs. Louis A.
Rives, George L.
Robb, J. Hampden
Robbins, Chandler.
Robbins, Mrs, Milton...
Robbins, Mes, W. Hs.
Roberts, Mise Elizabeth W
Roberts, John.
Roberts, Mrs. M. 1,
Robinson, Rey. Charles B.
Robinson, Mes. J. a.
Robinson, Moncure.
Robinson, Mes. Thomas D.
Rockwell, Miss Hannah M .
Roossler & Hesslacher Chemical Co.
Rolling, E. A
Rollins, W. PL
Romero, ©.
Root, Charles T.
Ross, W. A. & Bro.
Rothschild Bros. & Co.
Rowland, Thomas F-
‘Rumpf, Mes. Charles
Russell, Miss Josephine,
Russell, J. W. .
Ruttenau, Maximilian M
Sachs, Louis,
Sachs, Mes, Samuel,
Sackettt, Henry W.
Sage, Dean...
Sage, Mrs. Dean.
Sahler, Mise Helen-G.
Saint Gandons, Augustus
St. Peter's German Tutheran Chureh
Sallinger, Edward
‘Sard, Grange.
‘Sawyer, Mra. Philip ©.
‘Sayre, Miss Mary Hall.
Paisox Assocranox oF
Schenck, Mies A. HL
Sehonek, Ms. Julia M. .
Sehietein, Mfrs. William Jay.
Sciefelin, William Jay.
Schiefelin & Co.
Sehlexen, Mra. Charles A.
Sehit, Jacob H..-.
Schiff, Mort
Schott, Charle
Schuyler, Miss Louise Lee,
Schuyler, Philip...
Scott, Miss Louise B....
Seott, William.
Scribner, Mrs. J. Blair
Seaman, B.A.
See, A. B, Blecinie Elevator Go.
Seoley, Mrs, Nathan,
Seligman, George W.
Setigman, Isaac N.
Relleman, Mrs, Jesse
Soligman, J. & W. Co,
Seligman, Miss Madeline,
Sellew, 7. G "
Sexton, Mra, William Lord.
Shaw, Ms. John C..
Sheldon, James 0.
Shepard, Dr. A. Warner.
Skiady, Mrs. W. W.
Slade, Francis Louis.
176 Awnuat Reponr op sue
Slade, Mise Mabel
Slicer, Mre, ‘Thomas Rt
Smith, Mrs, Andrew A.
‘Smith, Dr. A. HL
Smith, Eugene.
Smith, George ©
Smith, Howard €.
Smith, James Rufus
Smith, Williew Alexander
‘Smith, W. Stebbins
Smith, W. Wheoler
Society for hi
Soltman, Edward G.
Sooysmith, Charles
Soren, George Wales.
Speyer & Co.
Speyer, Leo,
Spool Cotton Co.
Spring, Mise Anna Ft
Squire, George HL, Jr.
Stanford Manafacturing Co,
Stanton, Mrs. PE.
Starr, Louis Morris.
Start, Miss Mary
Steele, Charles.
Beers, James R.
Stein,
Steinhardt, Henry
s Mrs, Fredeviek “7
Benjamin
tetson, Francis Lynde,
Stettheimer, Mrs, KW
Stevens, Mrs. Beam K.
Stewart, Hon. Lispenand,
Stires, Rev. Ernest M
Stokes, Anson Phelps
Paisox Assuctantos or New You
Stokos, J. G. Phelps
Stone, Miss Annie.
Stone, Mrs. Margaret U H.
Strauss, Fredoriek.......
rauss, Mise Lizzie...
Sturges, William ©.
Sturgis, Thomas
Stuyvesant, Rutherford.
Sullivan, Miss Isabella.
Suumer, Mies Sarah F
Sntvo, E.
Sutto, L
Sutton, Es
arte & Whitney.
Talmage, Mrs. 2. B
Tatlock, John,
‘Tappin, J. 0 7
Tauchert, Mrs. OB.
‘Taylor, Willlam 1.
‘Thacher, Thomas. .
‘Thaw, A. Blair
Thowas, Miss Annie Mo.
‘Thomas, Seymour P,
‘Thomas, Mrs. TG...
‘Thompson, Morris 8,
‘Thomson, John W...--+.
‘Thorndike, Mrs. Edward.
‘Thorne, Samuel
‘Thorne, W. V.S.
Tiebout, C. HL.
Tistany, Miss Hilda G.
‘Timtany & Co
‘Tim, Bernard 3.
‘Pruslow, John.
1
a8 Ansan Report on ait
Tuck, Mrs, Henry
‘Tuckermon, Alfred.
Tuckerman, Me. ond Mrs. Pal,
Tornbull, Mes. Ramsay an
Tuttle, De. George M.
‘Twitchell, Herbert K
Ughetta, Honey 1
Untermeser. Charles 8,
Dna & C0. .
Uphem, Mes. Hlaabeth
Vanderbilt, John L. Vos
itt, Sonuuel H
serpoet, Mss. John &
Vanier
vi
Vanderveor, aise 1, F.
Van Hoorn,
Van Ingen, Mrs, B. FL
Van Sa
Yon Sinderen, William L.
Van Winkle, 4
Van Winkle, Miss Mary D
van Wrel Richard,
Vernon, Harold
Villard, Mes. Henty
Villard, Oswald Gareison
ow. KHL”,
Wadsworth, ©. 8,
‘Waentig, Charles R
Wagner
Warburg, Pool if :
Ward, Artemos. i
Ward, John Seely, J
Ward, Mise 31. M1
Wardwell, W.
Waring, Mra. Charles B.
‘Warner, Miss Florence...
Painon Assocrasi0s oF
Wamer, Mes, Hemy 8...
Washbarn William Ives
Waterman, FN.
Watroas, Mrs. Charles.
Wa g
Watson, Mrs, James 8.
Wead, Eaward N
Weinman, J.
Weld, 8. ML. & Co
Welling, W. B.
Wells, Hemy G.....+5
Wertliclmer & Co anaes
Weston, Ms, Theodore,
Wetmore, Dr. J. MeE,
Whales, Mes SD...
Wheeler, aiss Emily 1.
Wheeler, Miss Marianna...
Wheeler, iss Adeline 6.
Wheelock, Dr. George @.
Whitcomb, P. B
White, Altea '.
White, atise Caveline
White, Horace
White, ss. Josepls 30
White, fs Mary...
White, William A.
Whitehouse, Mra, J. He---+-
Whiting Paper Co.
Whitlock, Mes. D. B...
Whitnes, Messrs. J. F. & Go.
Wicke, Wiliam.
Wilkinson Bros.
Willeos, William @..c.sssse
Willets, John 7
Williams, Frank D.
Williams, Mss. Georgiana P.
‘William, Mrs, Ichabod
Williams, John. 4
Williamson, Mrs. D. D..
180 ANNUAL Ruvowt oP ne
Willis, W. P. & Co.
Wills,’ Charles 'T
Winthrop, Bgerton L.
Intheop, Mrs. Grenville,
Winthrop, Miss Marie,
Wisner, Charles,
Wisner, Miss J
Witherbeo, Mrs. F. 8...
Woerishoffer, Mivs. Anna,
Wolf, Sayer & Heller. .
Wolff, Lewis 8.
Wood, Orrin 8. ‘
Woodhouse, Mrs. T. G.
Wormeor, 3irs. Isidor
Wray, Mise Julia..e.-escsecee
Wonderlich, Dr. Frederick W.
Worzburger, Adolph
Ziegler, Henry...
Zimmerman, Mrs. M. E
Puisow Assoc
Donwroxs oF Cuoriina, Re:
Allen, Joseph.
‘Adanis, Mrs. B JD.
‘Arnold, Mes. Charles H.
Atterbury, Rev. W. W.
Mavelett, Mrs. P. G.
Biglow, Le HU
TMauchived, P. Le
Bogert, Th C.
Bogert, Mss. 8. @.
Ueainard, Mi
Burrill, Mrs. M.A,
Byers, ‘Mis, Joseph J.
Clavkson, Mes,
Punean, P.M
Riliot, Rev. H. B.
Blliott, Henry HL.
rmendorf, "LT,
Emerson, Dr. J. EL
Fessenden Stee BO
Sea sama
Fuller, Mrs. @.
Gates, Mrs. B. J
Gilbert, George N.
Gitterman, Joseph I,
Goan, Mrs, Orrin 8,
Goodian, 3s. E. B,
Hadden, Mrs. HF.
Hayden. BH.
Hays, A
Hernsheim,
Hozace.
, Book & Newspaper
Houizler,
Inslee, ‘Miss,
Jackson, Mrs, George 7.
oF New Youre 1st
¢ Marnen, Br.
Tacquelin, Mes. John HL
Jerome, Eugene M.
Kendall, Miss.
Kilfans, Mes. 0.
Krocber, Mes. F.
Lawrence, John B.
Teloutillier, Thomas.
LeRontillien, De.
Liebman, J
Lydig, Davi
MeGill, Edwaed A.
MeTutesh, F. L. 7.
Martin, Miss May.
Meyer, Charles B.
Miller, Mrs. J.
Mills, Mrs. D.
Mofiat, R. ormham,
Mygatt, Mrs. L C,
+ Nailian, Miss Rachel 6.
Neollework Guild of America.
Niebuhr, Mrs. 8. Re
O'Connor, J. ©:
Opdyke, Mrs, Emerson.
Patterson, Mr.
Place, Mrs. T.
Rehwab, Mes. N.
Sehemerhorn, Mrs, A. B.
Smith, Dr. Andrew 1
Smith,
Smithy Joseph.
Spring, Miss A. RB.
Strauss, Mrs. B
Sugden,
Swords, Mrs. ©. R.
Thompson, Mrs. MLK,
Mucker, Mrs, 8. A.
Watson, sJoseph.
Williams, Mrs.
‘Worth, Mrs.
Zabbrislsie, Andrew ©,
APPENDIX.
AN AOT to incorporate the Prison Association of New York,
AN AOT to inoorpornte the Prison Association of New York,
Passed, May 9, 1846, by a two-thirds vote
‘The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate
‘and Assembly, do canct as follows:
Section 1. All such persons as are now or herenfter shall De.
come members to the snid association, pursuant to the conatitu-
tion thereof, shall and aue hereby constituted a body corporate, by
the namie of “The Pisou Association of New York,” and by that
name have the powers that, by the third title of the eighteenth
chapter of the fist part of the Revised Statutes, ate declared to
belong to every corporation; and shall be eapable of parchasing,
holding and conveying any estate, real or personal, for the
nial haa Baan a et
exceod the yearly value of ten thovsnad dol be
lollars, nor be applied
to any other purpose than those for which the corpomtion lt
formed,
§ 2, The ostate and conceras of said corporation shall he mam
aged and condacted hy its executive committee, In conformliy to
the constitution of the satd corporation and the followin
articles that now forn the constitotion of te cssoelation shall
continue to he the fundamental laws and constitution thereof,
subject to alterations ia the mode thesein prescribed.
ARTICLE 1
‘The objects of the association shall be:
1. The amelioration of the condition of p a
ition of prisoners, whether de
tained for trial, or nally convieied, or as witnesses.
2. The improvement of prison diselpline and the goverament of
prisouors, whether for cities, counties or States.
[Assuat Revorr or xe Puisox Assocrarion o# New Yours, 188
2, The support and encouragement of reformed convicts after
their discharge, by slfording them the means of obtaining a
yrouest livelihood, and sustaining them in their efforts at reform.
ARTICLE IT.
‘The officers of the society shall be a president, vicepresidents,
x corresponding secretary, @ recording secretary, a treasurer
‘and an execative committee. There shail be the following stacd-
ing committees, vig: a fmance committee, a committee on deten-
tion, a commitice on prison discipline and a committee on dis.
charged convicts, The number of tbe executive committee shall
Consist of not more than thirty-five, of whom mot more than ten
shall be officers of the society and not more than twenty-five shall
be persons other than officers.
ARTICLE UIT.
‘The officers named in the preceding article shall be exofticio
‘members of the exocative committee, who shall choose oné of
thejr number chairman thereof
ARTICLE IV.
‘the executive committer shall meet once in each month and
keep regular minutes of their proceedings. ‘They shall have &
general superintendence and direction of the affairs of the
Society, and shall annually report to the society all thelr pro-
ceedings, and such other matters a shall be likely to advance
the ends of the association.“
ARTICLE V,
‘The society shall meet annually im the city of New York, at
such time and place as the executive committee shalt appoint,
fand at such other times as the president, or, in his absence, one
of the vieepresidents, shall designate.
ARTICLE VI.
‘Any person contributing annually to the funds of the assocla-
tion not less than five dollars shall, owing to such contribution,
be a-member thereof. A contribution of $500 shall constitute a
ist Axewan Revonr o rie
life patron; a contribution of $100 shall constitute an houor:
ary member of the assovlation for Tife; and a contribution of $50
shall constitute a member of the association for life, Honorary
and corresponding members may, from time to time be appointed
Dy the exocutive committee.
ARTICLE VIT.
A female department shall he formed, consisting of such females
fs shall be selected by the executive committee, who shall have
charge of the interest and welfare of prisoners of thei sex, under
ich regolations as the executive eommitive shall adopt
ARTICLE VIII.
‘The offers of the association shall be chosen annually at the
annual meeting, at whieh time sueh persons may be elected bon-
orary members as shall have rendered essential service to the
cause of prison diselpline.
ARTIC!
Any society having the same object in view may become amx-
iliary to this association by contribeting to its funds and co-
operating with
ARTICEE X.
The executive committee shall have power to add to any of
fhe planing commitees such persons In thelt opinion, may
be likely to promote the obje ety, and shall have
power t0 ll aus raeaney whieh may ecenr tm oxy of the alee
of the association, intermediate the anual meetings.
ARTICLE XI.
‘This constitution may be amonded by a vote of the majority
Of the soctety at any meeting thereof, provided notice of the
amendment has been given at the nest preceding meeting.
The offeors selected for the curvent year, ander the constitu.
tion, shall coutinue to be the officers thereof until others sball
be duly chosen in their places
And it is hereby further enacted that no manager of said
Society shall receive compensation for his services.
Parson Assoctanton of New Yoni. 188
§ 8 The said executive committee shall have power to estab-
Tish a workhonse in the county of New York, and in thelr dis
cretion, to recelve ond take into the sald workhouse all such
persons as shall he taken up and committed as vagants or dis-
orderly persons in said elty as the Court of General Sessions
of the Peace, or the Court of Speclal Sessions, or the Court of
Over and Terminer, in said county, or any police magistrate,
for the commissioner of the almshouse may deem proper objects;
and the said executive committee shall have the some power to
keep, deinin, employ and govern the said persous as are now
by law conferred on the keepers of the bridewell or penitentiary
in said city,
§ 4. Tho said executive committee may, from time to time,
make by-laws, ordinances and regalations relative to the manage-
ment and disposition of the estate and concerns of sald associa
tion, and the management, government, instroction, discipline
und employment of the persons so as aforesaid committed to the
said workhouse, not contrary to law, as they may deem proper;
and may appoint such officers, agents and servants as they may
deem necessary to transact the business of the said association,
and may designate their duties. And the said exeeutive com
mittee shall make an angual report to the Legislature and to
‘the corporation of the city of New York, of the number of persons
received by them into the sald workhouse, the disposition which
shall be made of them by instructing or employing them therein,
the receipts sand expenditures of said executive committee, and
ally all such faets and particulars as may exhibit the opera-
tions of the said association.
§ 5. The suid executive committee shall have power, during
the mivority of any of the persons so committed to the said
workhouse, to bind out the said persons s0 being minors, as afore-
safd, as apprentices or servants, with thelr consent, during thelr
minority, to such persons and ai such places, to learn such proper
trade and employment as, in their judgment, will be most con-
Aueive to the reformation and amendment and future benefit and
advantage of such persous
§ 6. The said executive committee, by such committees as they
shall from tine to time appoint, shall have power and it shall
be their daty to visit, inspect and examine all the prisons in
186 Axxvat Revoer ov re Paison Assoctatiox or Naw You.
the State, and annually report to the Legislature their state and
conditions, and all sneh other things in regard to them as may
enable the Legisinture (0 perfect their government and discipline,
And to enable them to exeeute the powers and perform the duties
hereby granted and imposed, they shall possess all the powers
and authority that, by the twenty-fourth section of title frst,
ehapter third, part fourth of the Revised Statutes, are invested
jn inspeetors of county pulsons
of each prison that they may examine shall be the same in rela-
tion to them as in the section aforesaid aze imposed on the
keepers of such prisons ia relation to the inspectors thereof. Pro.
vided, that no such examination ov inspection of any prison shall
be made until an order for that prapose to be granted by the
chancellor of the State, or one of the judges of the S
Court, or by a vicechaneollor or eivenit judge, or by the
Judge of the connty in which the prison to be eximined shall he
situate, shail frst have been bad and obtained, which order shalt
specify the name of the p ned, the names of the
persons, members of th whom the examina
tion is to be made, in which
be concluded,
Sars op New Yous
Iy Sexare, May 8, 1846,
‘The bill having been read the third time, two-thirds of all the
embers elected to the Senate voting in favor thereof,
Resolved, That the bill do pass.
By order of the Senate,
A. GARDINER,
President,
BY-LAWS,
I, There shall be a stated meeting of the exceutive committee
on the thind Thursday of each month, and special meetings shall
be held on the zequisition of the chairman or any three mombers
of the executive commitice, ‘The eall for a special mesting shall,
im all cases, state the business to be transacted at said meeting,
II, At every meeting of the exeentive committee five members
shall be aceessary fo constitute a quoram,
IIL. ‘The order of business at the annual meeting shall be as
follows:
1. Election of chairman and seereta
‘The reading of the minutes of the last mecting.
Report of committee on nominations.
Election of oficers.
Report of corresponding eeeretary on the work of the year.
Annual report of the treasurer.
IV. The order of business at every other stated meeting shall
bens follows
1. The reading and approval of the minutes of the last pre
ceding meeting
Report of treasurer.
3. Reports from standing comzaitteos.
Report from the corresponding secretary.
Reports from special committens.
Report fram the general agent.
Miscellaneous business.
At a special meeting no other business shall be transacted
‘than that for which the said mneoting was called,
‘V. The chafrman shall appoint all standing and spectal com.
amittees and decide all questions of order, subject to an appeals
and the rules of order shall be those embodied In Cushing’s Man:
nual, ¢o far as they are applicable.
VE. The weording sec of the association shat! be the
secretary of the executive committee; and it shall be his duty
188 Axsnan Rerore or rie
to keep the minutes of the proceedings of said committee, to record
them in a book provided for that purpose, and to give due notice
of all meetings of the committee
VIL. The corresponding secretary shall conduct the corre
spondence of the exeentive committee and of each of the standing
committees; 0
d shall act aa the general fanucial agent of the
association, and shall report at ench stated meeting of the cou
mitiee.
VIII. The treasurer siall have charge of the funds of the asso
ciation, and shall give such security as the executive committee
nay require.
duties are more fully dea
The comauittes on Aaanee sha
raising and caring for the fands
The fund sociation shall be divided into three parts
to be known as
1. The endowment fund,
2. The reserve fund,
8, The general fand,
The Endow, imd—The endowment fund shall consist of
such coutributions as shall he given with the restrietion that the
income oniy shall be used for the purpose of the association,
and all legacies,
‘The Rescrce Fund,
be cliarged with the duty of
Phe seserse fund shall consist of such
sums as may be set aside froin the 1 fund from time to
time by the executive counnittce for investment. Whenever any
all be appropriated by 1 cutive
committee, such sm shall be immediately bamsfersed to the gen:
eral fund. ‘Che endowment and reserve funds shall be under the
immediate atzection nittee on finanee,
and all investuents of these funds shall be ordered by the com
mittee, ‘The treasnrer of the association shall be a member and
act as the tivasurer of the coumittee on Guauce, and shall be
responsible Zor the safe keeping of the sazeties of th
and reserve {unis
Any uninvesied alance of the endowment and reserve funds
shall be kept eack in separate trust companies in the name of
the association, subject to check of the treasurer, and shall, when-
part of the zeserve fund
eudowment
Puisox Assoctation o» Now York 189
‘ever possible, bear interest, AT! jucome from the endowment and
reserve funds may be transferred to the general fond as soon 3s
received.
No part of the reserve fund shall be used for any purpose
except by resolution of the exeentive committee, and whenever any
part shall be appropriated by the executive committee it shall
immediately be transferred to the general fond.
‘The General Fund.—The term “general fund” shall cover all
receipts of the association not constituting a special fund or
specified for the endowment fond, the intention being that all
the income, exeept legacies, incinding donations for general pur-
poses, and income from endowment and reserve fands, shall be
credited to the general fund to which the authorized disburse-
ments of exch activity of the asseeiation shall be charged at the
close of the
‘The trenvnrer shall notify the corresponding secretary at once
of all transfers of income from the endowment and reserve funds
to the general fund.
‘Tue treasurer shall notify the coresponding secretary im-
mediately on receipt by him of amy sum for the account of the
association that such receipt may be entered at once to the
credit of the proper account on the books of the assoetatton,
‘The corresponding secretary shall be the general disbursing
gent of the association, the object of the provision being. to keep.
Im the central offees of the association all receipts for payments
by him for tho association of uny kind, nature or deseri
and to have in the central ofles immediate record of all his
Gisbursements. This provision shall not apply to the endowment
and reserve funds.
‘All donations received by the corresponding secretary shall be
entered by im upon the proper books of the association and then
deposited in such « banlk as dizected by the treasuzer to the eredit
ff the association, Whenever the executive committee shall make
‘an appropriation out of either the reserve or general fund, the
corresponding secretary shall send to the treasurer a copy of the
resolution making the appropriation, eertifled by the recording
seeretary, which eertifled copy shall be the treasurer's authority
for transfering the appropriated ainount to the corresponding
secretary.
seal year.
190 Ayer,
‘The treasurer shall keop an account covering the general fund
in the name of the association, subject to his check as treasurer
in such bank oe may be selected by lin
committee on nance. Such accoust shall be se}
tinct from those neconnts opened for the uninvested halonce of
the endowment aud eserce fon
‘The cortesponding secretayy shall keep a bank aecount im the
name of the essocintion, subject to ik eheck as eorvesponding
seereiney for eurrent dishusemonts. aud shal) dopesit to the
enedit of sald bank aecount all moneys he mas recelve from the
‘treasurer di
‘The comuitive on
accounts
anes shall audit end report upos
if the corvesponding seexetary
of the treasure
miceting of troas
statement of the receipts and dis
Dursenents for the preceding calendar month, He suall wake a
investments and the receipts amd disbarse-
ments of the endowment and reserve fonds; he shall make at the
he association, a detailed statement of receipta
statement showi
annual meeting of
and disburse
XI. Tt shell he the dnty of she committee on
fa
mats for the fiscal year
lotention
L. To inqnire, a
ax may he piaeticable ov necessars, into
sons In the prlsons or houses
the cities of New York and Brooklyn, and to
adopt proper me providing
for the defense of such ae to he entitled thereto,
2. To visit frequently the prisons under their ebarge, and to
endeavor to linprove Uoth the pliysieal aad moval condition of
suitable and practicable ways,
XIL. It shall he the duty of the committee oa discharged con-
viets
1. To correspond with prison agents or superintendents relative
to the character and trades of prisoners, and to ascertain, pre
vious to the discharge of each prisoner, his feelings, views and
capabilities, with a view of making ihe hest arrangements for
his future employment.
2, ‘To keep a record of all persons who will employ discharged
prisoners, and of fheie several occupations; to procure snch
and applying therefor a= geome best
the canses of commitment of
of detent
cho dischavge 0
employment for prisons:
Pursox Assoctasion or New Yor 191
adapted to the capacity of exch; to hold correspondence with
employers; to keep a record of the conduct and prospects of
those for whom places have been obtained, that they may be:
sustained and encouraged with the iden that a continued friendly
elt for U
interest is
3, To secure suitable boardi
wliere they will not be exposed to corrupting induenees, tak
eae not to have move than one in @ place, where it eam be
avoided
4, ‘To see that the prisoners are provided with suitable clothing,
vill not acteaet particular attention
of a kind th
5. ‘Co consider the internal orgunization of the management of
prisons, and the physica) and moral influeuces co be exerted ou
the prisoners dusing thelr confinement; to report upon their
health, reformation, upon convict labor, administration and
internal police, on the comparative merits of different prison
prisons and houses of reforma:
systems and on the visitation o}
tion
XIILL. It shall be the duty of the committee on law to examine
and report from time to time upon the penal legislation of the
State, with theft suggestions for the amendment thereto, to con
sider questions relating thereto whick ave under diseussion in
the press or the Legislature including pending bills and report
also to care for the law
their views and conclusions upom th
‘business of the association,
NIV. It shall he the duty of the committee on house fo care
for the maintenance of the real estate of the association.
XV, It shall be the duty of the committee on library to see
that i is properly housed and catalogued and to take steps for
its increase,
XVI. One ov more agents may be appointed by the exceutive
committer {o assist the standing committecs in thelr duties.
XVIT. The president, chairman of the exeeotive committee, and
corresponding secretary shall be memibers exoflieio, of all the
standing committees.
XVIIT, No alteration shall be m
sndwent given at a previon
e in these by-laws except
upon notice of the proposed a
mocting of the executive committee.
Auburn Prison
‘Condition of buildings.
Cost of reoonsiruction
Bastues, Mee, Lebel C.
‘ditions inepotion of jail ee
meatings, ote.
Interview with President Rooserele...
eile and. penitentinrles
Report of Coreesponding Seorelary .-....
Sfoguarding the indotorasinate sentence
inckrelle Island snseiteion, proposed removal of
Brooklyn Disuiplinary Tvsining! Scho}, visit to
adapt iuagn)y mingles of TE eterna ion Gn
38,
[Bylaws of the Filson Audition
Shatter of the Prison Assocation
(leas bedding for Jas
Commins of Craton (ew a i) inte joni o.
Contributors for 100
Corresponding Secretary's report.
Cortland county, peoepertive abolition of foe syst i
County eomunitars
County jes, proper ase of
Depertna ot Cormaton (ew Yon cn ie arias of
Diet of prisoners in Geneseo county Jul
Discharged. przoners
‘Aid given by the Prison, Assocation...
Report ot elie! work (Gaorge Slmoas)
Donations of elothing, reading master ee ”
arnings of prlsonere ot Minnesots State Raformatory and Tndiana State
Priton
Blectriity, munis for stealing
Ele county. ai
“Exie county. penitentiary
xecutlve comulttes, Npoit of vevevs sores
8
194
Fee syste
Abuse in New York State
omments of sheets
(Oneida county method
‘Paciples stated by New ork State Conference of Oheritics ond
55,88,
eee cs 66 spon
_Sueee of Pun nations campalg,
ccommendatin eonerning
Fin
Finger print
Genesee ciinty jal
Harts Isard Rotovaatory, slow development of
igging, Gover, senarkt on Slate control, panishiment of misicmeas:
lines Stato Prison; wares views on parle spe
Indeity te prinmers fy melden oven penal Tab
Indeterminate sentence ie a
Harrow, S.J. mfeganing the indeterminate sentene,
Thaisments or inveterate dean
Infucne of lection wpen erie
Mate tpl tents at dramkennens
Xnterattns! Prion Contain, appropiton fo.
sag izoton to et othe Uae ate,
eroen Moe The a aaa
rome, Suk. Tale ad pentetirics
Proper me of fate
{Ser ete Fee ton
at ete, rept tw ela to
Sy sen vc haan Pon Congr
Tipe Yor Tatenstional Prison Congas
Saul otis: dient Htetieal Pron Congr
‘county pruientises, proposed removal of
|
Ixpex,
Labor
Tide comntypenitantany, idleness in
ees ia New York. jil'and_ penitontiaris a
Naesiel, Res. Ht. s remarks on ‘mmportense of eiplaytt,
antoo county penitentiary iefelt euusat by Mlenete
‘sssdoor employment for prisoners
Pelucples statad by New Vark Sinis’Canforane of Gheitis and
Correction
Prison labor In eit stitutions
tiation of prin ator iy aig
Var industries at Wonn’s Hoven of Reftgo (Aiblon)
fh (ana) Unlted Stator Prison
Ieee
‘Mayor, somniinieation t
Mowe Hey AT Jy views oh prsom labor
‘Moniille (Pen), bad condition of Sal
Mismesats Bute Brinn: wardens Wows on parole spstent
Mimesots State Reformatoey
‘Method of desting with prisoners’ exaoings
Superintendent's views on Parte apes
Linlemounants, treatment of
Monroe county all.
Monoo cout penitentiary
Sapanech Reformatery,reeommendation concerning.
Now ont City pana fosttations, eter consort
Ser bsk Bute Comutton of Bon, opinion pao i
Sew York State Conference of Chatilies and Corre
Meeting of 1905,
‘Sgestions as to penal fons in New Yorke
Sauget
‘ohio State Reformstory: patna Vines os fava ef.
Oneida comnty jal at Ute
Seas oun
‘Defeee of prosent system
tension of eunge of parole inwe
Inmprovements sggeted
Sew Yor Site ple eaten. props for rvnon of.
Opinion of the wstens 6
lines State. Prison
Indiana State Prive
