20th Annual Report, 1864

TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT

or THE

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

or TE

PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK.

SUARY 2, 1806,

ALBANY :
CHARLES VAN DRNTHUYSEN, PRINTER,
1865.

State of New Pork.

quans=

IN ASSEMBLY,
February 2, 181

TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
OP THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE PRISON ASSOCIATION
OF NE K
‘Hon, Gronce G. Hossrys,
Speaker of the Assembly
Sir--The Executive Committee of the Prison Assosiation of
New York, as required by a provision of law, respectfully sub-
mits through you to the Legislature of the State its Twentieth
Annual Report.
‘Very respectfully,
‘Your obedient servant,
BE, C. WINES, Cor. See'y.

Orstce of tie Parsox Associa
'88 Binur Hovse, New Yous, Feb. 1st, 1865.

OFFICERS OF THE PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK, 1865.

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son D.WourE,

6 OPFICERS OF ASSOCIATION.

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TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT,

‘The Prison Association of New York having completed the
twenticth year of its existence and labors, the Exeewtive Com
mittee, in compliance with a requisition of layr, submits to the
Legislature a report of what has been done during the pust_ year.
The Excentive Comuitice will not consame the time of yout
uhle bodies with a detailod statement of the objects of the
hese must he fimitiar to you, as well from
Torner the langmage of the statute, which gave to
the society its corporate existence. It will be enough to repeat,
in the briefest terns, that those objucts, ax declared in the charter,
re: 1, To extond w helping: hand to stich arvested and detained
persons as seem to require it. 2 To aid discharged convicts in
their efforts to reform, ‘To improve the government snd dis
eipline of our prisons
‘Nor docs the Exeeutive Committee desi it necessary to do more,
\crvport, than fo readfinn, which it docs with increased
its eonvietions, as set forth in the last annual report, in
reference to thefallowinye points: 4, ‘The importance of separating
party polities from the control and managenent
2, Tho vil tendency snd effevts of the eontract s
four prisons W gooil and saluiary influcnee
tion syatem, Inereased experience of the policy established by
this aysteus consrms its wisdom. 4, Solitary coll fo ble
prisoners, ‘Thess aro much needed, smd ooght £0 be immediately
provided, 5. Pardons, ‘This sthjoct was diseusse
yur} and the conclusion reached, that the pardonin
to be sparingly used, thet it ought to he subjected to res(victions
cwrofully devised and well known, and that the Governor should
this part of his off
nid sift ail appli
6. Length of sentences. Ont
{he Exceudive Committee will nt refer your honerable b
the discussion in the last report, wherein two evils in our adminis
tution of criminal justice are sot forth, viz: the great inequality

2 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

of sentencoe for the same or Hike erimes, and the excessive Tength
ff the sentences often awarded to the violators of law; a length
which, there is reason fo hieiexe, in some eases at least, utterly
defeats ono of the great ends of punishment, the reformation of the
friminal. As tezurs the policy of long sentences, something mg
be seid on both sides of the question. Ou the one hand, long
fences give tino fur the breaking up of old associations, snd for
sreaning from evil hubits; Inet, 01 the other, they have the eff
rrheu excessive, of unt ing the prisoner for independent getion and
the common duties of Hife. A man, eoutined for many years iu a
feauvict prison, where everything iy

clothes, loduing, and event employmiont

of a decade uf yeats, well nigh, if not quite, inexpacitatedtor seek-
ing out these things for himself. A prisoner, wwho hus een for years
famachine in the hands of others, luwes at Tength the ability for
independent exertion, A gonviel discharged from Sing Sing, some
‘years ago, had heoonue act spaitafod fow walking otherwise
ha in the » sand, even at the streets of
\ = pation be fot he lippetted to b

swariablye in bi a site

‘whe lcheld hin, renute eouviet,
of ais yeu! fiend still
fool very queer when you got out, and
what to des so come ant five with me, el you get
Ifa prisoner ciainot bre eured of his evil pro
petsities and habits during 2m imprisonment of tro to five years
the work will hardly bo accomplished in a term of ten or twenty
years
‘The general agent of the Association, Me. Abraham Beal, has
punted his lors in the detention aud discharged eouviet depart
runs, with his uss indstey, zeal, and officioney. ‘The utility of
these laliors catmot he easily overestimated, whether considered
fn their moral or material isos, A great nuuber of persons are
therchy prevented from entering upon a carcer of erie, OF re
formed, turned hack, aud restored to society after they hud entered
upon such acarver ; animositicsareallayed ; dfteulGiesareadjusted;
reeoneilistions ave effected ; litigation is diminished ; and thow
sans, probably it would not be too rch to say, tens of thousands
fof doltses axe annually eave to the State, Some idea of dhe extent
‘and inaznitude of this work, a8 well as of its truly humane character
fand the excellent results achioved, may be obtained from the fol:
Towing tabular view of it

PHISON ASIOCIATION.

From the above table, it appenrs that 5,200 pr

ted and counseled; 98 complainta were examined; 368 complaints
were abandoned as being frivolous or the result of prejudice, pas-
sion oF mistake; 373 persons were discharged from custody, their
further detention not being requived, in the judement of the antho-
rities, hy the interests of fustioe ar morality; 1,024 diseharged pris.
‘oners were furnished with board or aided with money to convey
them to situations remote from their former associations; 231 dis.
charged prisoners were furnished with permanent employment,
whereby they could eat the bread of honest industry; and 121
released criminals were supplied with clothing to a less or greater
extent, This shows a total of 8,806 cases, in which relief; moral
for material, was aduinistered, according to the exigencies of each,
to eritainals, or those arrested as such, eithor while in prison oF om
their discharge. ‘The beneficent nature and happy fruits of the
agent's labors will be further and more clearly seen, as well as
ore impressively exhibited, in his special report, which will be
found in the appendix.

uw ANNUAL REPORT OF THRE

‘The results of the twenty years’ labors of the Association, so far
fas relatos to the detention and discharged convict departments,
may he thns sommed up: 08,104 persons visited in prison aud
coanscled seeorling to the exigencies of exch; 20,847 complaints
examined; 3,627 couplaints withdrawn on tho recommendation
the society; 6,868 persons arrested smd Lold for examination or

9808. discharged couvicts

of clothing, or both; and 8,131
discharged eonviets provided with employment and situations a
Thome or abroad; making a grand total of 111,040 eases, in whieh
reliof of some Kind and fo some extent, be the aame Tess o more,
Jas een extended to the fallen and the forlora, by the Prison
Association, sinco its formation in the year L844.

To the departuent of prison discipline helongs the inspection of
prisons in all its details, ‘The Executive Committec is happy 10
report to ty :
tho Association, this duty
int its fall extent, Not a solitay prisou in
clase or grade, has hoon left mvisited and unexplored,

‘The examination of the couuty jails hus beon nore comprehen
sive aud thorongh thin ever eretofore. For the detailed results
of atid examination, your houornble bodies are referred to the
report of the special committeo, hy whom the work wee performed.
‘Their veport will be found, Zneetenso, inthe appoudix. The Exec.
lutive Committee will but ‘offer the Tniefest sunmnary of the said
report, since they hope that the doemuent itself will be read by
every member of the Ley il hy many thousands of the
people of the State. Tk will be found to be a paper well worthy.
to be read, learned, anatked, aud inwardly digested,” by every
citizen who feels an interest in the honor of the State and the pro-
gress of civilization

Thero are sisty counties in New York, but, sineo six of them
ave two jails each, and one of them three, the whole uamber of
jails actoslly visited, inspectod and examined dusing the year was
ixty-eight, Asageneral thing, the sheriffs and jailorsare reported
fas competent, lanmane and faithfitl men, aiming to discharge their
Auties cneditably'to themselves and usefully to the commonwealth,
‘and many of thean doing as well, or nearly as well, as the cirewm

sauces fn which they find themselves placed will allow. Yet the
jails, at Teast no inconsiderable portion of them, owing to the faulty

‘construction, the eramped accommodations, the defective and vicious

{PRISON AsSOcLATIO3 16

axrangesonts td the old and rickety condition of the jal build
ings, most be pronowced itl, if at all, shorboF pestvely dix
ariceful to the inflligence, tho civilization, to bums, at the
Publi pint ofthe Stte."Tho defects and imperfections of, this
‘lass of prisons were ford bythe commto, almost every bis
want of personal cleanliness in the priors, too ample flies
for outside eonsnnieation, defective separation ofthe sexen, com
pulory idleneny, eh absonee of all mens of intlloctal eter,
agencies for religious instraction and-moral reform,

and, sore all, the. promiscuous msocistion of prisoners Of all
Clams and all ager—forning, as they do, aft, eating mast of
‘mutual contimination and pelaton are, i net utr a leat
fae too common pointe in the pietore presented by our comon
js. ‘There ate, ined, as wo gladly admit honorable exceptions
et itis nome tho lee true that they ave excap.

oral rule. Tho jails throughout the sate with

of every-slale aud deaerp ton,

re pat hiserimintely confined with prisnoets of all

classes awaiting this tra nd with witnesses and persons held om
ody execution, when any sacha often happens rei the fl
OF thoreswvating tril, somo tro very young: and others will bo
proved hanocent of the crimes charged agunt eth Neverthe
Tan, they are subjected, for wesks for month, to all
the vis resting bom efored loses ad ont scion,
‘he pierre presented by the innates of many w county prison
‘our Stats is that of combination of depravity and wrechednes,
revolting and beartickouing to tho lst depres. ‘There eam be ie
dle doubt, a Alt. Crawford hus remarked in bis Meport cn the

State Prisons of the United States that there is often

atising from the reformatory disefpline, to which the convict may
hve subjected in the prison of higher grade. A jail, under the eys-
tem on which this class of prisone is nt present argunized and con-
uoted, is in effect, little better than a Pandora's box. It is a een-
tre of evil induences, from whieh not only the inmates themselves,
‘but, a the special report on county prisous clearly shows, the
whole community suffers. ‘The remedy is obvious and simple.
Our jails must be built upon an entirely different principle. They:

ANSUAT, REPORT OF THE

tao constructed as to secu the perfect ioltion of every
saree ‘A law that would secure this result would be tho gre¢
pone rent in penal legislation ever mede. ‘The isolation, so

Scoala Ie is now quite inypossible, because the

3 ls pa ‘go contracted and go ill-ventilated, that the Tennes,
ee sae tau Josely confined in them,
ene ee ee snore seh tin hl. are

secured by the know i fe

seed ee erat ann tay er with sect oe
mY fet of prison aseipline, that, in tho common jell, cou
2 to emma By tho welre of the poner
De ag wom te form ought neve:
Site acon tho isegulvity and Tooteness with wish
eM ro mony epee it seer evan
mt tay datoyed. sn eens where books ne
ephthe s ey og then off  hst erm of oo expires
Tinless their suecessoxs. choose to pnrchase whatever portion e
sae den afd Hy the books is mengve and wnsatistilory.
Fo ae muice, append the draft of a Dill itened oe
Ta or paste method of recording and prvereing
cut a eg of our eotmon jail, aad recommend hat the same
aerated nt 2 ln
coment of porns si
eae et ear inde forthe Tow of time, a8 preveling
Teens Sate, he Execstive Commitee regard, and Ame
dart ea apoken of ti ratios ato sy the eas of
Seedy” Untold, oily asa rght the te
re eee ts ue Deena wien 2 the comin of

PRISON ASSOCIATION. wv

‘4 crime; but it appears no less clear that the bare witnessing of
crime, an act schich is for tho most part accidental and involuntae
ry, is not itself a crime whieb ought ¢o subject the witness to the
double punishment of incarceration with felons and the loss of his
time duving the period of imprisonment. Might not the State at
‘once take the deposition of such a persen, duily attested by oath
or affirmation, and, using this writton testimony, instead of parol
evidenes on the tril, lot the witnoss himself go about his business?
But if this is inadmissible, a point which we do not undertake to
Accide, although we believe it is universally done in Europe, then
‘we have an iutimate eonvietion that the highest justive and ree
son require both that the witness he eonflued separately and apart
from prisoners tainted by the act or even the suspicion of erime,
and that he be fully indeed forall loss that may acerue to him
from his imprisomment. It is for the benelit of society thet he is
incarcerated, audit is but reasonable that society should pay a fair
equivalent for the benefit. For this last opinion we have no lest
fan authority than the late ilustrious Edward Livingston, who, in his

Report to the Code of Prison Discipline, thus expli-
fitly loys down the doctrine upon this point: “Tho temporary
privation of their (i.e. witnessos) liberty is « necessary sacrifice for
the safety of society; itis taken on the sume principle that just
fies the appropriation of private propesty for public purposes, and

‘oovrion with it the same might af indemnity,
‘There is one fact which places in a very elese light the vast im.
portauco which attaches to our county jails as penal institutions,

Not less than 60,000 to 70,000 human beings—men, women and

childten—either guilty or arsested on suspicion of being guilty of

crimes, pase every year through these institutions. Te js as if &

‘mass of immortality equal to the entire population of Albany oF

Rochester became annually inmates of our jails, and were aubject

ed to the influences, for good or for vil, operating therein, Surely

it cannot be otherwise than a matter of the very highest moment,

‘what the character of those institutions is—whether itis such that

their operation and effoct shall be, on the one hand, to inorease

Both the volume and the muliguity of this mighty current of

criminality, or, on the other, by their reformatory and healing in

fucnces, to diminish its magnitude, and to abate, in some degree
at Teast, tho intensity of its virus,
Other points are discussed aud other suggestions offred in the
[Assom. No. 62.] 2

18 ANNUAL REPORT OF TH

report of the committee, for all which reference is made to the
document itself.

We will only add, farther, that the committee made very ex:
tensive and searching fuveatigatians into the somroes of exime. The
statistics collected by them on this and other subjects connected
‘with their enguivies, haye boon embodied in an extended series of

tables, appended to their ropoxt, which will be found to be both

interesting and instruative,

‘The peuitentiavies in the eounties of Kings, AThany, Onondaga,
‘Monvoo and Erie bave been visited and examfued during the year.
‘The details of the observations made aud the conclusions reaehed
by the committee who performed the Tahor are exabodied in their
report, which vill be found in the appendix. They concur, iu the
main, in the estimate of these institution
regarding thom as, upon the whole, exeelient in design,
ment and adminisivation; but they ada the remark, and it is6e
tainly ax important ono, that the theory, which requives these
prisons to be selfsustaining and even a source of profit, may, in
its practical workings, be eatzied too far. ‘Their managers, in €
osiro, Imahle enough in itself, to obtain revenue for their re-
speative eonntics, are in dauger of pursuing a eowsse of economy,
which will detract from the comfort aud well-being of the prisom-
ers and may even oppose iteolf to their reformation

‘The gentlemen who inspected the peual institutions on Black-
woll’s Island, as will he scen hy @ perusal of their report, found
much to commend and somewhat to eonsure iu the coustitation
snd management of those vast establishments

The three State prisons have been visited and inspected during

the year, by committees appointed to thet daty.
‘The report ou Sing Sing prison is very brief, the committee ex:
consing themselves from greater detail, in consideration of the fall
md comprehensive view of the institution in all ite yelations,
aspects, and interests, given ju the last annual report. Tn th
host paper, however, they aastme and maintain sevexal important

positions. ‘They opposo, with emphasis, the domniuating power of
party polities in our State prisoas, They abject streuuowsly, but
not too stromausly, since the grounds of objection ate ample and
valid, (0 the promisnious admission of visitors into. the prison,
a 25 conts a head, ‘They poiso the commutation system as ex-
cellent in design and working. And they close by avowing the
opinion that meny of the officers who they found ia the prison at

PRISON association.

th tine ofthe vist indian ten ppp
Assuming the care and government of praoneee Es

_ Ite fort ot th ete who fated lnc prone ao
stew aud onthe sane good’ ugh eae ee
o Sing Sig. The comics prema’ a high eee
(He ever psd byt tana ig eth
fey Hitory ofthe prion, wc in aon sean ae
tina rome nae They ge are a ae ot
in tsvaio proess, to whl he laor ofa a
uly as prejudicial to discipline, but ikewiee se deneg a ot
ecw intone Sata’ Thy Sete ens i
Into, dough mot pea ee noe

orion Ste

i the diane eae

th istaion awl once bah ine tt

Lreformaionyclements, Which shea bo teat
the goverament of a prison. De Manel is

"He tort of ths pele di

fall and elaborate than those relat fh Tpials trlsen,
Ou th pons which te nor dace, Sen ne ma
erica aa miggestinn, all worthy fous aes eet
illo and legate nd a chs ey, 2 a
tone pers taut ith ot cee ak ae
contract system of labor ia our peual gar
4 fecal trier any god eftets to bn eopented hee
‘pou the prison buildings at Auburn, vepresenting them as wu safe,

Unhealthy, inconvenient, a
beat, i, and everyway unsuitable to the end in.

‘pon the tom nto our
tron ote apo of ney dening I pia
Pi sry ways, an doroguony fo the duit of so
Stale; upon the presutaystom of mea insta teatng oe

20 ARSUAT REPORT OP TRE

Pe et go sentence ening t 2 de
ver etcem, and a3 utterly useless and needless, if the prison be
ft arranged and managed, viewing it as partisl, unjust, contrary
charm ai thn oman of the reper. Om 08
(Doin, wo deem it proper fo add a word oF to of coment; that,
mittee. ; ‘Conyiets, when they first enter a State prison, often rebel
their aifrespect. It dogrades them in their own eyes. It robs
or “upon at) imperious and overmastering necessity.
Yielous his past life may have been, ho is come to a place where
uniform and necessary necompaniment of prison life, should bang
‘as an evil anda degradation, only to be inflicted in the
ties of discipline. In this connection, it may be stated
that, in our judgment, the lockstep, in which the convicts in our
Sees toe weiter of herpes own
cesar might nt be compelod to nase trough the

PRISON ASSOCIATION. a

prison yard in thatstep. Tn the Provincial Penitentiary of Canada,
‘where the discipline is other ise very striet, this method of locome-
tion is not exacted of the prisoners.

‘The report épeaks, iu warm terms, of tho good effects of the

commutation law, affirming that it works admirably in many
ways, It recommends the experiment of a prison farm in eonnee-
tion with the institution at Auburn, as nearly one-balf the conviets
sve farmers or laborers. Ib regards the Auburn prison, like that
‘at Sing Sing, as too largo for working out, in the most effective
manner, the appropriate results of prison diseipline, and avows
tte opinion that not one but several more prisous should be con-
‘structed in euitable localities, for State purposes. Tt favors the
adoption of « comprehensive and carefully devised system of re-
wards, uel as will afford manifold and abundant stimulants to
‘good conduct on the part of the inmates of our convict prisons,
Tn all which particulars, the Executive Committee commends
‘and seconds the views presented, except thet they do uot feel pre
pared to yield a fall assent to the proposed experiment of a farm
to be worked by couviet labor, but reserve judgment on that point
for foxther consideration and inquiry.

On the andjeot of punishments, the report is not altogether clear
in its expression of opinion, It condemns the buck, which was
still found in use at Auburn, hoogh we fee) sure it has been for-
biden by the Inspectors in all our State prisons; a condemnation
i rdially unite, Tt condemns equally the yoke and the
shower bath, which are certainly Tess objectionable than the buck,
‘aud possibly, in certain casos and under eertain circumstances, not
pen to objection at all. As already intimated, there is some ob-
seuity in the language of the report; yet it seems to favor the re.
introduction of the “eat” as an instrument of pusishment; ead,

1 paper by Dr. Button, the physician of the prison, appended to
the report, that gentleman openly advocates its employment.
‘Now, to this revival of the lash, this return to an gfete and dis-
‘carded barbarism, the Pxecutive Committee desires to enter its dis-
tinct and emphatic protest. We have no very decided objection
to the abolition of the other punishments arsailed by the eommit-
tee, Indeed, we are juelined to thivk that most punishments, aud
especially thoso of a starn and severe nature, may be dispensed
with, when adequate stimulants to good conduct: shall avo been
supplied to convicts, in thet comprehensive and manifold and wise
system of rewards, which the committeo so justly and forcibly re-

22 ANNUAT, REPORT OF THE

commend, and when the said system shall be administered by mein
of intelligence, humanity, experience, judgment, and prdence
But the Bxcontive Committeo, from the start, hss opposed, uni-
foraily and persistently, the punishment of prisoners by scoung-
‘and, as yet, adheres to its ancient faith, feeling no disposition
ound fn that wegerd. Itis now very seldom indeed,
‘hat the Tash is used in foreign eonviet prisons. It is possible to
tsubeuo a man, to bresk bis spivt, by flogging; itis not possible to
improve him morally by such # puuishment. ‘The moral effect is,
almost without exeeption, bad. It ie sod that in the British army,
where the lash is still used, when a soldier has been logged two
or throe times, he has gonorally to be drummed out of his res
ment as inesrably worthless, In many convicts, pmishment by
seourging excites undying hate. An indignity hes been offered to
their manbood, which they eamot overloak or forget. To a con-
viet, in an Tvish prison, who had been refractory and even regard
fed as dangerous, but whoee subsequent quiet behavior in church
and at Bible class had given hope of a radical and permanent
is chaplain sald, “Well, my good fellow, T hope you
clings now, and that you have driven that nasty
black dag off you back?” “He replied,” says the chaplain, in
narrating the care, “with a shmg and a sees, snd a smile on his
lange white fice, like a moonbeam on s field of suow, ‘OB! of
course, six? ‘Come, T don't like the way you say that, T fear you
entertain bad feelings atilL’ ‘Do you know, si’ he replied with
greater sobriety and seriousness then was usual with him, «(hat T
‘was in this prison before? «T did mot know it” “Well, T wan, si,
five or six years ago, and they flogged me. T hove the marks of
the lash on my body. When’ ley wear out, I shail forget cand
Forgive ft?"

‘Tho examinations of the prisons of the State, made by the Asso:
ciation during the past (wo years, have produced the conviction
that their defects and imperfections are sueb, that the whole ays
tem neods revision. Under this conviction, « committee” has been
appointed to consider the present organization of our prisons,
‘and to report a plan for theirreonganizition. Feeling the need of
‘the broadest possible induction of fhets, pertinent to and bearing
‘upon the subject, as the basis of their labors, the committee sought

PRHON assoclamoN, 23

‘and obtained authority, at the hands of the Exeeutive Committeo
(provided the necessary funds cau be obtained for that special ob
Jeet), to send out two commissions, one to examine the prisons
‘and prison systems of the States of otrown country, aud the other
to perform a similar service in reference to the penal institutions
of England and Ireland, and possibly, if eizeumstances favor, of
some of the other European states, which are known to have mado
the greatest progress in the science of prison diseiptine. ‘The ommnit-
tee have propated, and will cause to be presented to yout honorable
Dodios, a memorial setting forth the importance and utility of thy
Proposed inquiries, and praying an inereased appropriation to our
‘treasury the proseut year, to onable them to prosecute these inguinies
toasuccessful issue. A nomber of eminent citizens have aaited with
‘them in this prayer, believing the measure wise in itself, and, if
‘carried into effect, likely to result in great heneSt to the’ Stato.

Tn our last annual report, the poliey was announced of ap-
pointing local committees of correspondence, who should be
specially chunged with the duty of looking after the moral and
religious interests of the inmates of our common jails, Such com
tittces-have been designated and have agreed to'act in the greater
att of the counties of the State. In a fexr counties, it waa not pos-
sible, in the Limited time at the comand of the committee on jails,
to find persons willing to serve, Wherever prudent, earnest, plous
laymen could be found, willing to act, they were preferred. Ta
other cases, ministers of the gospel were selected, without, bow:
‘eer, the slightest thonght or eare as to their denomivational eou
nection. Good mien and tre, eho could sympathize with the
prisoner aud were willing to labor for his reformation, whether in
the ministry or the Inity, and by whatever name they might be
called, wore the helpers whom the Assoeiatioa sought, When such
were found, they wore satisfied; and 0, they hope aud believe,
the community will be, This comuitteo bis, and ean have, no

wri views, and they are willing to receive eid and co-opera.
‘tion in theingreat work of redeeming and saving the lost, whethor

such assistance comes from clergynien or laymen, no matter what

24 ANSUAD REPORT OF HE

‘erced they adopt, by what party names they aro called, oF under
‘hut forms they worship.

‘The Executive Committee is happy to have the present report
enriched bya scholarly and instructive paper on the Penal System
of Maseachuselts, by George W. Searle, Bsq., of Boston, a corres:
ponding member of the Association. ‘The essay will be found in
the appendix.

‘Two additional papers, by the Corresponding Secretary, ore also
contained iu the appendix. Oue is a detailed Report on the Massa
chisetts Stato Prison, embodying the results of an examination of
that institution made in the mouth of July. ‘The otfer is an His
torical Review of the Progress of Prison Reform in Great. Beftain
during tho last hundred years, showing the wonerful advance
rade within that period in the science of ‘prison discipline and in
the application of ite principles to the govorument aud edeainitre
tion of prisons

"The fingsces of the Association are in @ satisfactory eondition.
‘The details are given in the annexed annual seport of the treasurer

‘Our heavty thanks are given to the Legislature of the State and
the Common Coussil of New York for libersl appropriations to ou
treaamy; to the private citizens, who have generously ministered
to our neds and the needs of the fallen aud the friendlesss and
to all who have, in any way or to any’ extent, contributed to the
furtherance of our work.

Least of all should we forget—least ofall, as we trust, do we for:
_get—that BeniguantProvidenee, whose smile hae ebeeved ‘sin the
Inborsof the yoar that is past, and whose faithful promise to those
who serve Hila, iu serving the yeetched and helpless among bis
creatures, supplies hoth eourage and strength for the toils, the sac-
riflees aud the selfdeuials of the year that is before us

All of which is respectfully submitted, by ordey of the Executive
Committes

JOHN DAVID WOLKE, Presint
SOHN 1. GRISCOM, Chairman Ee. Com,
E.G. WINES, Corresponding Secreéary.
or mmm Pattow Assocratios ov New Your, }
"796 Bible. House, Now York, Dec. 31) 1804. §

APPENDIX.

(A)
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TREASURER,
The Prison Association of Now York, in occaunt with Win. C.

iman, ‘Treasurer.

Dn
Dees, To Con pai fo iton vain a inept,
fr alaricn $608 99
ge nan 88
cise seg 585 80
‘eods expen, Ceuter Street oli.

Bible Honse olen.

Baltes on head ow acca

ss04
date “By balance fom a aon
Des, ah, By dimations otecd a

315500 oT

ab. 10, By balance from eld accounts. sos 9088 48

New Your, Jesuary 1, 1868 mT Oe,
Avdited aud fouad correct, Jan. 82, 18¢6,

TK Bes,

Ware Bein, | Frene Commit

DONATIONS FOR 16 Doxatioks FOR 184

(By
DONATIONS 'TO THE PRISON ASSOCIATION
OF NEW YORK, IN 1864,

el : 20) Hoadley, D,
dete, On c

f Mguutacinnng Go
Schiele, &

Schiesliny Bradt
Senet, Bases
Songer Tuten
Sampson, Jasephers ss

33 alureny Fad,” so0s
To] sie E
Gian, WS 100|Newiiay

(C.)
REPORT ON AUBURN PRISON.

New Yons, Deomfor 1h, 1864
1s he Revstioa Umm of the Prion Aswcalion of New Ta
ators, sepettly pst the flowing atthe teal of ce cams
Tie contoomert of rifles tre ec erent a naar,
ook ge Soe oe re eee on en hee

‘Heo, or agsinee humas Taw based upon divine precept abd epproval; md

soejty theteapon claims a right to punish, wich ie sourcely defensible
in mors ot theology, until we sesott agin tothe law of wll prowervar
tion, and justify the punishment even when Deity hath eaid * Vengeance
fs mine, 1 will repay,” ly the necessity of example fa deterring. the
tempted feom the commiasion uf ere
‘The desideratum uador the fist theory ia simply enenre confineweats
tmider the seeond fe sough, also, the infliction of a eertsta amount of
Di om the criminal, which’ shal, tthe same time, be culeulated to
excite appechenson the community
9 these, thirdly, every enlightened nud Christian system addy the
recognition of tho fact that « criminal iv also x human being, physically
find orally diseused, or perverted, and having moral and religinas
claims npon the community not to be disregarded, and therefore secke
hile securing society and poniahing the trsnsgronnon to rfurn him a
‘well; not only preventing erime by the operation of feat, but reducing
its aetual amount by taking eriminala from tho dineesed aap to return
thom to society yusifed and regenerate,
‘his, the most important object, and that which senders the right of

AUBURY PRISON. 29

society the most clea, is unhappily the point where our system, not so
‘much fron inberoat woe as from maLadministeatio, Tale

‘The thiee puepaser uf Impaonmcat above mentioned,
of prison discipline quite dissimilar, and widely vaviant nancial cos
sideratinna

Considered in the fight of engea foe dangerows animals regarded ax
‘ylucless an Serecsioable, that is, aa mate plases for poniehment
Jnfict pain sd inspire droad, Sie desirable that ont prisons shuld be
‘made to support emselves; in which ease theie receipts and expendi:
tree will be made « primary consideration, But viewed ax reforma
tories, hy parla of the natare of edacatinal ioatitations; and while
ite desirable that their twosipte shoatd materially Tighten the burden of
taxation which they linpose, their teal rotwon and prof to the State le
fa be measured in prevented crimes and reclaimed cxitaoals,

We thie that every oue feillae with our pelgane will ada thet fa
‘hom the plysiea, mental aad moral well being of the coneict, and his
fpiritual toferents ate postponed to supposed pecuniary exigency,
Sich exigency fe aot ioelf mot; a Ftal ever, which ealminates in the
‘option of tho contract system of labor, ar it i ealled.—the system,
Dany, af hising out the convicts to wari for contenctors, under whieh
fystom the sowed working af our penal establishment [s utterly inpow
ible,

‘Those prolimlngry remarks are made aa materially fnlaencing the
judgment of your committe upon many matiers hereinafter refrred to,
1, Starx sn Cosomno oF 18 Pats.

‘The buildings and premiess at the Auburn State peinoaromala fa eu
stantially the onndition reported Sou last you.

Tue prison ke admirnhly situated Tor eoavenfenes of acces, aces
forthe pucciase of simples, the ransportation of ods, and capability
of elemilinens but, fi being immediately within the city of Anbar,

ix expowed to a goeat inlus of visitors, ad to the foteusion of ely
politics and interest.

‘The experiment of a farm, to be worked by convict labor, might ia
the Jadigment of your committee, Ue well tied in thie prism —orhere
uly ono lilt of the couvicte hrw furore or laborers, Health and
econumy seem both to plea fu favor of the wal. Tus fallue at Sing-

ing, wid 6 convict population maluly of elly origin, cam be no arg

‘Your comitioe uaftos with that of lat year In eensaring tho entice
plan of the pron buildings as unsafe, uthealthy, and fa all reapeets

‘There te uo steam power in the buildlag, and no mupply of water,
‘hong the Owasen Creek washes the prison wall, ‘There is uo sufiient
Tight o¢ veutilation, and the entice preiaiaes ace il adapted to theit par.
pote, Your committee is ready to holiove that much of the disorder, of

30 ReroRT os

which this pricoa fs aad to have been the scene, i traceable, directly
br indieetly, to theee eanses, Tho workshops are incouvenient and tn
Fanmail, and the wash house, fem utter abeonce of anything ike
fppropratenens in Hs eoetrdetion, oe found decidedly he Yast cloualy
postion uf the pein,

"The warden and hi family are toloraly wccommodated In Use prison,
Xp adoguate provision fs nade for the othor offeer—a defect enpecially
‘hjsetionabte ia the cuse of thn physicias, who tm now compelled (0
Fesile at rome distance from the meu under bie ere

“The prison sontains 990 celle, about GOO of which were occupied at
the tins of yonr committees viet, "They average 6} fect by 4}, ave
hv venation of Tighs, eave fren! the grated dous, and are heated by
Stoves it dhe siglo of the bailing, rendering the Towor ler cull and
Alemp, and the upper woonduradly hot; while the enricors, fx dauop and
foven olinary weather, are s9 il weutilated, thatthe moistore accom
fates upon the walls and grated. doots, sud pon the bedding exposed ak
the done of the el

"The inal sizeof the cee in on State prion ean bo, in the opinion
of your emmmities, characterized by wo othr nets shan wanten and
Dratal evwliy. If does not tend 20 addtional aeoarty ;  efoctoally
preven cleanliness j and isa estan oleae tthe meatal and moral
trl as the pyaical, welfare ofthe funatew

‘The argument in fs fuvor,—econiomy vf room.—is one which the State
has no right to atvance, where the wellave of ita pcionera fa involved,
fend x in itself merely the statement uf another defect of ovr system,
‘iay that our State prison are already too large

Teia doubtful whether avo than about 600 can, ander one system, be
dvantaggonaly kept together ; and itis eortain that this eannot Le the
aso where all lasses of elaivals are mingled, ae they sow are

‘Not merely one but several ore pros abould be constructed in
sitatte localities ; well planned, ventilated and ightod; with elle of
Teasonatile size; ond distinction shoul be made in the casa of prisoners
‘Gocmaltted tn each ao aa lo clewsify convictn both ono tai manegement
fn prison and as besring upon tole reputation cn ie release

UL. Max Govensnesr oF ree Pato.

‘The present sta of officers consists of an agent and warden, a clock,
‘ chaplain,» plgsicin, a principal Keeper, under kecpors and guarde
These aficers a all appotuted by the Inspectors uf State Prix
are removable at any me by them. They are habitoally ro
the highest to tho Towent, on every pulitcal change of the appoiatiag
pow

‘Their dots, the inapeottan contemplated bylaw, and tho utter absence
of any inspection in fat by the Reecutive aro as reported at page 9T of
the Tost year's report.

AUBURN PRIEDS. aL

De. James K, Bates, one of the Inepectore, was at the prison when
‘sted by your commttoe

Tris evident that, however conssicntious and able the warden ay be,
he has noflciont control over his snbosdinate, He can nether appotat
hve romoce e wuch an 8 gaaed of a Keeper. STe can ouly suspend in
tones of misconduct, until he eaa apply to the Taspector; were removal
for non-temoval fs likely to bo « question of litical infuenee, ar whore,
tm line vocitines bec tho ease, = comproniae may bo ellectod by
‘emoving& bad mian frm one prison to appoint him iw another

wean in the aelecticn of prieon oices, uo
results ean ever be olitsiued feom our prion

‘With Inspactors appointed to hold fee during: ood behavior—a
warden appuinte for tho Ike term by a power independent of the epee
tors, aud all subordinate offeers appointed by the warden, execpt tho
Chaplain and physician, whi slgald be independent of hi, ove pein
Aiscipline way vecomo in ® meagure stistyctory.

‘de the presout nate of things, tha ie utterly fovpossfble

‘Yane committe beligve te lighter oficers of Aubuce Prison at this
ting, oc rather atthe tine of thele visitas the polite evente of the
your may have slready Ted to a change—to bo competent sen, We
There received by them with the utmost Ribnness, and didnot detect any
‘Hl or dpsive€0 conceal ce cower anything in the management of the
plies. The prison wae thoroughly examined, hoth with th oficers and
find conversations were had with the prisouere, with convicts ander
pnisionent, and with one or two of the present and fotner contractor,

IIL, Prvssoat, Hseormto avo Sasmans Coxamos or mie Passo

"Too much strees enewot be lad pon tis point in considering tho eon
Aiton of ca prison,

"Tho State hes, morally, no right to employ as e punishment any ean
fincmen, sich, Dy ita nature cr the mode fn wich ie is regulated, Bas
1 dcloterions indueuce up the health of the convict ; and, in a efor:
Toafory point of wie, all exertions for oral efotin must fever prove
Snefectaul, which are aot accompanied by an ffurt after physical well

neat fu Auburn State Prigon i an Ineareeration faa por
petually vititod aumospheer, withost aufeicat attention ty elosalines,
‘wit o free apooss of light, wth complete deprivation of exercaa in the
‘pen aie and nf vloxation, and mth en improperly graduated syatern of
re

‘Thooe conditions—soincompatitle with physical wel being, sud there
foro with moral iniprovement-—will be noticed in deta

That the mea, at the time of Ue vist by our commites, seemed in
‘ood health a 8 resale due to the care and kindness of the pliysiclan
fd warden, and had not evidenty bean attained without a considerable

92 REPORT ON

Lostyofdacpling;#rlsxstion which, however, your commistee doce
Zot ote, withect much move ciel exsinaton to censure. ‘Tey
epost thatthe higher efile pred Um ae tog coesenton
Tei hind mon, ann doing tei yy the warden enpesally, having
ihe adver of loogeaperimcs in prien government

‘The cle tthe tne ef our vin, Rad been rvealycaoflly sero
of thts eating or accumulation of cont of od whitewash, rere eee,
tha ppareniy carsaly kept.

"Tue Famos for tin bee wero chi of iron ed th cls woed ese
from veri.

‘No actos fr washing axe contaood iter in the ells of inthe
pene

Th conrrsing with the pavers after thee set to the calls at
wight th ofluvan ftom bots heated by work, mwashed inper
Tony wanted, and in the working garmonte of the day, won highly
tsencve andthe atmos, vs nnn ar th pruners ht et
{hein the morning, wes almvet overpowering

‘Te cals ew ploony even on an rarity bright day; aod, fer
going thom af nigh, the praenove obtain for few hours Ile
Seat tight fom afew amp i he galleries

rie elargenent of to cle to a Tost dunble theeprotnt sla, and

provision for vention by vfan wal, tho ery md yo found nai
pat neil tttina-fn to ros scour 6 nuligh and for the
‘tuntnaian of tho ele by ge at night—ace dntien which the Ste
toes ta umaniy ots orn cela to ts es treat

Tight tube re uept tn the cella, which are ramoved by the pianora
inn moralog, eatied in Yn tes, aod tolerablgcleaaet, and
Trough ty the euners ot crear

Tur cotmitce refer fo the stat th Frste of els at Sing Sing
(non Rescttion Report foc 186, p91) ae tn boprowerent which
(iota ve itroducon tie psn” Th ale conten m bible, a the
gta, Hench or Geran lngang, ad To any cars a hymn bok.

“Fue owptat ia ge and sitio room; ut Uo in no provision
for cane ef contagion o infection dscns

‘Catt oun isnded lft vacant, which shomoroeay) doigeated
fortim ucalmont of tach caws; but ine ie acer fo, mare ag
tho main hori andthe rom ie willy wont

ok tolcaly venient water cloet and but som are attached, bat
suay erin the same ro, an tere 20 supply af ot water, which,
for bathing parpne, ba f Be curried hu hospital pall” Those
Shioon shea cours be rend

The eupply af mcdciney a to tne of your commits vai, was
inadngune, sod no surgical intents ro provided by tho Stal fo he
. ‘One of your committee attended the sick call, and was much gratified
by the Lind tnaner ov tcontment of the pyiean, De. Baton

Avion Parton.

‘There is among the prisoners frightful development ana amount of,
ppalmunary disease, the inevitable result nf the Nad ventilation of the

Mastarbation is aleo fearfully provalont ; and, as thie is one of the
greatest evils of prison lif, fe need a few wort of comment.

Many, f aot yoost, of the prisoners ae of previous diavolute lif, wie
fut montal culture, and henee are deprived of any internal resource
fagsinet the tediom’ of incarceration; and they aro, atthe came ti,
fgnoraut of the evils to which they expose thomselves by this practice.

Trig, as has been eaid, vory provalent, and especially on Sanday, co
that the morving sick tall on Monday is occupied to considerable
extent by the pallid, tremulous and exhausted victims of this vice,

‘Your committe desi briay to engaeat somo remedies

‘The prisoners should be carefully and coustantly warucd of the danger
of the habit

‘Your committos found het thie duty had been performed to some
extent hy the physician, and also by the Roman Catholic Priest on theit
Yisitations; Bot the injunctions of the physician are, a8 is well known,
Almost aystematially dicegarded hy patients of all classes; and the
plain statement by vistors, n whom the prisoners bave learned to place
‘confidence, wll fact moro than the romonstrance of the oiers of the
prison.

elaxation, outdoor and ladoor amusements, should be provided, eo
that the mind may bo openpied jam, above all, ho defective lighting of
the prion should be remedied, no as to admit of mental ocenpation.

‘The Sanday life, expecially, of convict im on prisons is a fosrfal
‘hing in itself, and fearfully provocative of thia vice.

‘With the excaption of the one daily wervice, and for some of the com
iota the exeroias ofthe Sanday acton, ii & day of forced llenese in
calle too closo, confined and dark to admit of reading with comfort, of
of any mental employment; and, not to disguise the teach, the day ie
‘pent by perhapa the majority ofthe iamatea in slmost constant masta

cos reprobension te tho worestrieted admigalon

Tho ainouat received by Auburn Prison from vistors durtog the pa
year was 82,162.35, the priee of adeeson bing 85 cont, io alton to
4 very large number of persons visting from whom 20 payment waa
received, as they tnloniged Wo lassen exempind Dy lw from the payment
fe hin ambor beg at leat By pr ont sore

Tiers wan thereto mbt o 13810 pean
ftom enricity merely, an tone who vis the prooa on business orto

tel frends or relatives ar not counted here

‘Tho ceils reutg fom this iunonso numberof woany forty wiaitons
2 aye 6 ne eren

Asem No. 62]

ae ‘REPORT ow

Tt gies increased faciltion for escape and forthe introduction of con
traband articles, especially iqnors. Tt keeps the workshops in a per
petuul ferment of cariesity, Teads to infiaetions of diseiptive and eon
sequent punishment, Dut especially it exerts an evil iutlueneo on the
atte of rhich we are now speaking,

Pally durceqaartevs of these visitors are women. The motive of auch
‘risita is pot always eortain, lat they are almost entirely confined to the
rate department of our prisons, sod the deportment and gostures of
these female visitors often indicate that they are impelled, peshapa
unconsciously, by a morbid sexnal curiewsy, ‘The effect npon men, long
oprived of voxual indalgence, is voryiajurions, Tt produces immediate
excitement, leading, as has been said, to breaches of discipline, and pro-
duces an wolieslchy feame of riiad and of sexnal appetite, whick is fol-
lowed by increased indulgence in masterbation

‘Your committee is led to speak thus plainly ftom their own observa
tion of the somewhat eaculese manner and earinge of female viiters
Vefore mien morbidly on the watch for any gesture ot eastial exposure
hich inay stimulate amatory desize, and from a wish Fully to state the
reasons whic iuduoo them fo recommend a great reduction in the viit-
ing of steangers,

‘The State hae no sight, either in rogand to ite own dignity or duty, to
rake its prisoners a pabiie how.

Reformation is geaily impeded by it, for it destroys that which Satan,
thas oftet left as a means of reformation, the sense of slime, It fixes
amore deeply in the couviet’s wind the impression, which ie the ebief ob-
stacle (0 improvement, that he is an object of Istred ce contempt to is
fellows; and it is felt, especially by the better clasa, as a profound de=
‘gradation and a aad addition to their punishment,

Tit bo, anit cortanly in, desirable {0 faraish the better convicts with

‘of troney on their discherge, that being the purpose to

hich the alision fund is naw devoted, lat the State aupply the sarae

noant from its treasury rethor thou make its prisoners a spectasle for
fle and prurient curiosity

‘The admission of vistors to Aubuen State Prison isa great evil, which
should iumediately be sbated. It ie jast to the warden to state that
‘this matter ia not ander his conte

‘The lanatic eaylam at Auburn contains two victim of the vice of
masturbation from Auburn prison.

‘Tho dietary ofthe prison struck your committee as ‘ho arti
‘les provide! daring their visit wore tasted by them.

"The phiysician informed them that he tasted the food daily, and no come
plaint was made to then by any of the convicts

‘There was one case of scurvy ander troatinent at te time of Gar vist

‘The prisoners should take euyipet, as well as breakfast and diuner, im
‘the dining room. Tho cella are tuo close and small to take thole suppor
fn, as they now do,

AUBURN PRISON. 35

‘The rations are oceasionally cooked some time before they are eaten,
‘which shosld never, stall events in the snminer, be allowed.

Tn respect of the prison buildings, with the exception of the wash,
room and somo neighboring stractarea, the committee wore eatiaied
‘with their cleaafiness, Tn fac, ft was as clean, probably, as it faulty
cconstraction admitted

‘With regard tn the provixion made for the personal cleanliness of the
convicts, we wern not satisfied

Water is not provided in the prison, though the meigbocingg Owasco
creek furnishes on abundant eagply. ‘The men are marched 40 theie
workshops, where they are perinitted, not compelled, to wach; and
they may do 80 before dinner and supper in troughs smal, shallow, badly
contrived, and igsuMcient in namber, with which the said workshops
sre aupplie.

‘No Faciitos for bathing in the prison ane provided

‘The quadrangle ia the yard of the prison hae two tanks 26 feet
by 12, containing sboat thee feet of water, in each of which an
‘entice sop of 20, 80 or 40 men are allowed to bathe, if it ean bo 20
called, once a wack, there being no stream enniag throm these tanke,
but the water is futroduced Ly force pramps,

Of cunrse, for any purpose of health or cleanliness, they are worse
than useless

No aheets are supplied, and the ancl blankets, saturated with the

changed “as often a8 needed.” This ix also the case with the clothing
of the conviets; and the expression is far more generat thas your cote
mittee would have Hod to hear. ‘Tno"bed ticks are washed once a
year. The blankets ave hig ont in the prison galleries, but the atmos
phere of the place is suck as to render this a eoremony of comparatively
Title valoe

Conviots should also be enpplied with two shists, if anything ike
leantincaa be desired

‘The mon appeared tolerably clean in their persons, but here, as your
‘committee fear, js the caso jn all prisons, duc attention ix not paid to
‘the clothing and bedding of convicts,

IV. Moai, Reuowre axo Eoucatiovat, Covortiox oF raw Paison:

‘The apleitual wellbeing of the prisoners is entrusted to the chaplain,
Rer. D. A. Shepard, who also discharges tho duties of librarian, end
superiudands the eorreapoadence af pisunere, making his offlee & very lar
Dorious one

vice is eld in the elapol once every Suoday, attended by all the

prisouers. There is also a Sunday sehvol attended only by the better
clas of the prisowers.

‘Your committee veutare to enggest that thit regulation, however eon
acive to prison discipline, considered as a reward for good conduct,
nay exclu from religious influcnge those who need it most

RppoRr on

No attempt has deen made wo establish prayer mectings, similar to
‘those at Sing Sing and your committee ave inclined to Leliove that it
‘may be well to await the result in that prison, before establishing them
tlsewhere, The rervice on Sunday fe eaid to bo devontly, or at least
respectfully attended. ‘There is a convict choir, at Sing Sing, with
goad results

“Each cell is supplied with a Bible and hymn book, © practice which
the commie dno apecily to commend, The impresvonpruced
fn tho minds of convicts, so lke those of children, by a shart pieoo of
Teligious poetry, is often wouderfolly strong; and the hymn look often
farms an cary end perhaps the ouly practionble inteodvetion tothe Bible

Tu the wind of a convict two things are deeply fixed, a teyard for hie
‘owa comfort, which be considers wantonly dieregerded, snd a convie-
ton of the hatred of the whole human race against him, Jt ia equally
true that vice anderiwne are, toa certain extent, regarded as kemiphyaical
Aisonset, springing not unfteqnently from physical causes, sucl as lthy,
confied habitations, porsoual uucloauliness, and the like, which cauees
fre to be removed,

rence the eare of government should be to make ita prisons 20 health
fal as to reverse, if posstle, all the vice prudcing conditions; and the
frat duty of individual philanthropy te sympathy with the physical and
moral aferings of the prisoners

Once convines of homan sympathy and regard, the prisoner has a
‘vanced one great step towards reformation,

For tha like reason, judicious eorrespondence with prisoners is benct-
ial to them

‘On the other hand, the eontival hope of pardon and ita inevitable da
appointment cause a dangerous end frightful soudition, aadly at variance
‘with discipline and christian patience

Moral precepts or lectures on the enormity of crime may do good,
‘whew cast apon soil prepared to receive thom; but the agenelea which
fre to prepare the way for the reformation of cviminale must be sympa-
thy and affection, real, not ssauined, for the unhappy aubjects of puntkh-
ment

“Everything about the prison shoxld conduce to thie end—the comfort
and cleaoliness of the person, the cell and clothing of the prisoner,
the quality of his food, and, aa far as practicable, the mode in whicl
fe aerved to him In Se, his whole prison life must teach him that he
is regarded ns a men, and the subjoet of human interest, at uo progress
toward a new and better life can be mado.

‘Complaints wore made hy contractors to your committer of laxity in
prison discipline; bat we ns yet bulieve that what contractors resent aa
{laxity of discipline, ia merely 2 regard for the best interests and wel
fan0 of the priaonee

Th the religious duties of the Sunday Schocl, valuable aid is rendaned

AUBURN PRIGOX. ar

by the stndents of the neighboring Thoologieal Seminary; but your com-
mittee was greatly pained to learn that it had been found necessary to
‘exclule one of those stndenta from the school for earrying oat of the
prison, concealed in & hyinn book, communications t0 a citizen not pot
tftted by the rales.

Visitors 4o the prison, whether planthropie or otherwise, should
remomber that one of their fest duties is to inculeate, both by precept
nd exemple, abedionce to ite regulations,

Tt ie too ofien the eave that the habits of conduct and character of
inferior official, contractors and forenien, constitate a very bad example,
and excite discontont among the men, resulting in the very natural

“Tam no worse than the men set over me here, aud itis very
that T should bo in prison, and they ab larg

"The chaplain docs not reside in tho prison, and hie ofice ie very incon
eniont

‘There is « well selected library of about 9,000 volumes, which aré eit
culated at tho workshops, a practice which the committee cannot cone
tmend, edocs not tend to improve discipline in the shops, and does not
bring the convicts ints so close relations with the chaplain as the mode
adopted at Sing Sing (P. Asan. Rep, 1863, p. 09), which is, in the opin-
fon of the committee, aotwithetanding the labor and time expended,
far preferable in ite results,

Three teachers ure employed to give secular instruction, but their
amber is wholly inadequate. Still, good resales are produced, many
Tearning: to read and write in the prison, aod the remark being not wm
frequent in ennviets letters, that the weiter used lis pea in cotrespond-
‘enoe forthe Bret Kime,

‘The number and pay of teachers should be increased, und the celle ao
Tighted aod tho timo table of the prison ao arranged as ta admit of their
‘spending more time with each convict, The time now spent with each
does not average over ten minutes twice « week,

‘The same cruel practice ax to convicts! work obtains bere an at Sing
Sing, They are never tanght « trade, Each i kept st rome one part
of it, and never ncquitea any handicraft that ean support him om bie di
harge.

1 the theory of our system is to bo practioally earviod out, this should
no Longer be allowed, buteach convict should ba taught complete trade

This fact ts much siourned over by the better close of convicts, who
complain that while they cam polish the mountings of harness or mould
for cover them, no-one of them knows how to petform all the processes
of the trade, so as t eecure hien employment on bis discharge.

V. Ta Pateosens,

‘The prison was not at alf full af the tie of olivia, ‘The’ ine’ im.
arty waitin of the Hate fr the pst yea, a abow Dy th
chuplain’s report, azo ax follows?

EponT ox

ace Whites, 511; blacks, 89; total, 50.
tives, 870; foreigners, 1805 total, 550
* perscns, 127; against property, 428; total, 580,

‘Terms of Sontence—One yeat and eas than to, 16; two and les
than three, 185; three and less than for, TY; four and less than Sve, 26;
five aud less than sis, 110; six ao less chau aeven, 9; even and Tess
than eight, 20; eight and lesa than nine, 125 nive and less than ten, 8;
ten and lesa than eleven, 15; eleven aud loss than twelve, 0; twelve and
Tees than thirteen, 4; thirteen and less than fourteen, 0; fowsteen, and
Test thin Seen, 8; Bftecn and lous than sinteen, 20; sixteon and less
than seventeun, 1; twenty years, 6; for life, 20; until exceuted, 2
total, 550

Bova! habie.—Temperate, 185; intemperate, 265; moderate, 154;

Commitments and recomanitmente.—First eonvietion, 48%; second, 11}
‘hind, 11; Forth, 3 APL, 35 total, 560

‘Sovinl Kelations.—Macried, 225; unmarried, 993; anknown, 925
total, 580

"The committee suggested to the warden the propriety of devoting @
part (eey one hour) of exch day, for conversation with auch peraova as
tight desire to #or him for complaint, oF Wo work eoousel. We are of
the opinion that a regulation of this kiud would. prove eminently bene
ficial, Ho zeporte that be visita all the men diy, and wunetines more
Frequently, in their shops, bat vee ate of the opinion that the recut
desired ean be Better obtained hy a private interview than Ly ove in the
presenco of the contractors, keepers and foremen,

"The eausce of erin, 1o judge merely from the prisoners? statements,
seemed, 08 renal, chy dviuking and bad eompany, thinigh theso state
iments are partly owiig tothe desire of the prisoner tosbift the guilt of his
Tall (6 some human tempter:

‘VE. Discserve ov tue Prison
"This, ab al timer the most dificult point of a prison syatem, can
scarcely be considered with anything of fairness upon the evidence of a
single visit of « few days ay
Ponialinent ie of course, often necessary, and must sometimes bo
revere, but frequent and aevere panisbinent is an evidence of imperfect
‘pline
ly relied upon is confinement in the dungeon, a
with oF withoat deprivation of food, the ivon cap,
hich ie fuiliar co you, aud bucking. This Tast (a commen punish
‘eat in the ary), the physician considers a bratal and daugerous pu
Sshmont, and it fe rarely resorted to
‘The slower bath, we rejoice to say, fe not need,
‘The philanthropy which abutished the “eat,” 4o make room for the
‘process of gradual strangulation by drowning, which ie concealed under

AUBURN PRIGOX. 39

the wholly inappropriate nate of shower bath, forthe peti! dsieation
of tho limbs grodced by bucking, ot forthe ceacixion of the yoke, i
ery doubifa. ‘The punishment of confinement in a dark col of privac
tion of fed, or the ball and chai, may fil in somo rare inclances of
estore isnordinain, and tn thee Hin doublfl whether the ce was
sither ese efeotal or more objectionable than fe odors wocconoee
Death tas flowed the shower bath, never we belive the ea the ex
tod one can be ae bratallyainisirod ne the other,

‘he ony eeeguncd ia the charactor o the cllere fo charge.

‘los of tho piton are fow a sinple, bat auffclene system doow
rot seem (obo sbeerved in communicating hom tothe prisoner Tei
Showld be on of the feet atic performol on his adeteion, ad
Should te often repeated

‘Atempls at escape ee not unfreqnent, and are sometimes, thoagh
sarc, stcceeefl. ‘Thre have wucevedl daring the yea

‘Tue interoal disclne ofthe prison han nek bee proved ky the
transfer toi of «large namber of primer fom Sing Site, capesiog
very naturally those most troutleamo, and ot Whom the sutton ot
Bing Sing were most aosio to thee.

‘he dark calls or ongeons ave Whe tows in Siog Sing peo, badly
laced, where the inwatea can hear too mach of whet passe’ abot
{hom aod diatsb their neighbor

Vil. Comoran.

The commutation law, enabling convictn io eam a remission of part
af thei aentence, works admirably ip many wage

Terris promum for good conduct, and euralatiely i compels the
rleoners to rally that they are momentarily Hable te « pocket
foc miscondoct by its fortitore, white it give them tat muluapiog ot
All healthy action, the prompect of something to atlned hy tele Se
exertions; that mative and naturel hope co Teall alaensfnon code

triton if

‘A interpreted, i gives for good conduct daring the Sek

Bae ceeee Bonin

3
and four months per year for each year beyond ten,
‘The Introduction of w careflly devined system of rewards, ether by
law or by the discretionary power of the warden, would profce stile

benef repli Th objets to ty olen of ovens fe se
“pect will be stated hereafter. *

RERORT ON

Ctossifcation of the prisoners, either by tho building of many now
prisons, as svggested, oF by separation in the existing anca, would
fend to. like good result

YVUT. Laven or Sexevcxs,

ow strangers fo prison matters know how tereible a punishment two
yyeata confinement Inthe State prison fs, and, ay matters of mere ade-
‘uecy of panishment, short sentences are preferable to long ones.

1, The chance of pardon ia Tess, a8 is clearly shown by prison stati
tos both hore and elsewhere

'. The general testimony of prison officers ie, thot short sentence men
conduct themativee better im prison than those whose sentences ate
Tonge

18. There en greater chance of reformation and a faturo mora life hero
the sentence s short; Tong one deadena all the enengy, and the convict
comes forth Tiving dead man, forgotten by his friends, and himself for-
getting all the necful matters he once knew ; unfit for any better lie
than lis prison, which he no longer dreads it has spent upon him all ita
fore

"The poliey of obviating the fest objection by allowing no pardoning
power, fs mentioned because it has been wrasd by men of great scient!Eo
fand theoreti! attainments, but mentioned with disapproral, a rerely
for the sake of adding that's year of practical work among criminals
‘would forever dispel any auch theoretfesl fancy

Finally, we sre able to assert that many reformations tako place in
pritona snd after discharge ; that many coaviets, notwithstanding the
{oneral sversion to employing’ them, sueceed in obtaining. good sitna-
tions and becoming reputable citizens ; and becein we find encourage:
rent in aut ows Inbor and a soroe of eongratulation to the State

Tn connection with the subject of discharge, itis to be noted that the
Slate approprintes §L0 for s suit of clades for each conviet, a eum
ridiculously inadequate

renee, instead ofa plain new anit of clothes, suited ta is station and
appropriate to the intended commencement of a new life the discharge
prisouor ia clad in cwstoi? and repaired garmente of gentlemen, which
Yarely tend to give him an houeat appearance, and deprive him of the
little encooragement of a span new suit to recimmence the sword in

‘We recomniend sn additional appropriation, and the parchase of new
and suitable garments

IX, Tar Cowtsacr Starts aso Oven Wore.

Here, a8 in the other prisams of the Stato, thie pan ia adopted, and it
4a-not too much to say that wherever tie found, it interferes with prison
Aiscipline, impedes reformation, and ia an effectual barrier to auy good
‘enulla anticipated ftom our prison eystem,

‘One effet following immediately from it bas been experienced by your
committee in the almost utter impossibility of obtainiug reliable infor
ration of te atato of the prison,

AUBURN PRION, a

While the oficers of Aubuen State Prison unite in the statement that
its diecipline waa never better, the-eontractora soem equally unanimous
fn the opinion that it has never been so bad.

‘Your committee, spending a day or two only at the prison, esnsot

save by coutractors, and the treatment of the inmates seemed to the
fcoimittee mild and humane ; though in the workshops they deteoted
Sytoptoms of laxity in discipline, which they thonght should be referred
‘rather to jolerent vice in the contract ayatein than to its administration,

‘With the present absurd and wicked systom of electing prison officers
by the people, and for abort torma, added tothe appointment of exbordi-
rate oficers by the inspectors and not by the warden, who hea therefore
fio contyol over them, aud frequently finds in them intriguers for bis
lace rather than assistants, 1 ie fle to Took for muh good in tho
ministration of our prison ; but how much ia the danger of wostise
tlections increased by & system which pate the whole public reputation
‘offs person in the mouths of men whowo fulesesta are opposed to that of
the publ

"The first effet of the aystem—sond ite mere statement ought to be
‘enough to condemn it—is, that it places for the whole working dey, all
‘he prisoners contracted fOr under the alaoat entire control of mien” with
no oficial reeponsibility ; independent to a great extent of tho prison
fathority of unknown character, and not at ll ioterested either fn the
moral, intellectual, ot physical well being of the convicts 5 Ukeir only
recommendation being that of haviug proved the bighest bidders forthe
Tbumau beloge hired to them,

In the prosecution of the labor desired, strangers to the prison,
employed as agents, forewua, or in acme eases even ax workmen, are
{introduced among the eonvleta, and the different positions occupied by
these men as to wages and reputation is & constant source of irritation
tw the prisoners

These latter are perfectly awaro of the additional dlegrsce imposed
upon thom by thus kising thom out to men of whose morale the State
cares nothing, and are also well aware of a further objection to the
reystem, to-wit that the relstion between keeper and cootractor i usually
one either of opposition, ending commonly inthe discharge uf the keeper
or his removal to another shop, oF of extensive and ill eoncealed bribery,

Prom the introduction of atrangers erie eacapes, and the smugeling
Into the prison of liquors and other contraband articles, Frum the char
acters and interests of contractors and keepers, come frauds upon the
State, opproreive exaction from some of the priscners, and a fearful
‘example of misconduct and dishonesty in oficial atation tall

Our prisons at the present moment, its fair to aay, aro practically
regulated by no consideration for Be pablic welfare, and by noregand t9
‘the moral improvement oreven the punishment of their inmates, but
solely by views ofthe pecuniary results of their labor to the eontractar,

2 REPORT ON

{In the connection, as a comment upon the practical working of the
aystem, even in a money making point of vie, your committee present,
‘thous comment, except the reimuek that i abiows the inevitable rewald
‘of the agatom, the following comparative table of Sing: Sing end Aubara
Prisons, fur the year ending Septerober 30eh, 1863

GRO” yee mer as sugar ot

CGonvietn ate sentenced to confinement at han labor, and the ssutenee
conespands with Both the poliey uf the law and the mquicamouts of
Dhilanthsopy, demanding the steady employment of prisoners,

"The practice under the contract system ie to give euch conviet a cor
tein task, If this be lavge, some men are fully employed end others
rrorkedt to deaths i sinall, some finish Tein 8 few hours, and are then Se
Aud tuianagealies others continge working among their fale fellows,
weary ai scontunted

tun this ages the system of orarwork, by which the stimulus of
rei, hich ong to be-a powurfil agout of refurmation in the hauds
fof the worden, extended to the best men is taken fiom him and given
fo strangers, tu nse for their own profit, and by them extaned to thir
favorites, ov at beat to the quickest workman, irseapective of any other
‘consideration,

‘Over work is not given in all the ahops, and henee to the jeslonay of
intividuats is added that of classes

‘The monoy made by this over work ought to be paid to the warden
for the prlenver, bot, In practice, conteactors prefer to give it to the
prisoners inthe form of eontraband articles ata profit of 100 per cent

The deliberate opinion of your committee iy that, ander the present
systom of appointment and election to offc, of esntracting and over
‘york, the entire theory of onr penel system fs endoved nogntory. Ine
spection anay correct iolated abuses, and philanthoopy relieve loclated
‘cases of distress, but real systematic improvement is impossible

"Your committee reporte the triped prison dress ax sing aleo a wae
Tess and auwise ¢egradation, totally nevdloss, i the prisou be ellciently
watch, and destructive ofall respect

‘They wero not, on the whole, dissatisfied with the appearanre of the
‘prison, and thi thenelvoe not ina condition to pass positively apon

tlngh the impression produced upon them was that it
nly atriet and atesdy.

Reepectiully submitted

J.-H. ANTON, for the Commit.

A Fetter ftom Dr. Bntton to the chairman of the cumittee oo the sabe

{Jeet of prison punishments is appended

AUBUEN  PRIEOX. 48

Hour gy Aus Paso, }
October Mist, 1864
{To dohn HE. Anthon, Bop:

Dear Sir-—I have Siniahed the matter in my annual cepoct, and bce
‘with send you a copy of the tables, containing probably all tho informa
doo you will desire, Twill also, a8 you srished, give you some of my
own fdeus of punielment.

‘Ax proliinary, allow me to say that it ia a aubject of very reat
importance, a proper understanding of which iayolvea the entire acienes
of our whole physica, intellectual, rioral and spivitaal being. —T theree
fore do uot presime to have such an understanding of the subject as
‘wenld give my opinion much weight

Telink all puoishment should be refarmatiry, and 80 administered a
to impress pon the mid of the convict aot only ite necessity, but its
silty Ws himsell. If so administered, the kind fs of less consequence

the mariner of its ae.

‘Av & general rule, thoso who punish most have the worst discipline,
Cortain and severe punishment for every violation of rules, does not
provont such vilatiows, To enforee and maintain diseipling, there moat
be mental and moral superiority in the Keeper to each a degrce as to be
felc by the convict. Tee showld prssess a will ptr ay natural endow
ment, with perfct self-control, which will make the conviet foe that he
must’ obey. Such Keepers 46 not neod tose physical punishment,
Tusortunately euch qualifeations are not comeaon

Punishment sbowld be preacribed as physician treats his patients,
Ie the pathology is not wudeestood, the troatinent fails. A common
Dlacksmith ig as well qualifed to zepaic a wateb, or « tallor & make @
steam engine, us common politician ia fora keeper of aState prison, Yet
early all the men appointed receive ach places frm the fact that they.
tro une for any other basinese, ad such at appotatment pays & pliteal
debt to a neighborhood or family.

In this view, what are the Bett moans to be weed in euch honda?

‘The yoke, bucking, the dungeon oF dark cll, on short rations of bread
tnd water, and confinement ia cella prepaced for such purposes, aud the
amo fare, ate the means used here,

All these means, by the pain and suffering they produce, the abst
rence feom food, Fesh air, Tight aod exercise, reduce the strength and
‘vigor, until the will is subdued, the paseions subside, aud the conviok
vita,

Now, while the will ig subdued by exhaustion of physical strength,
unless some moral feeliag er principle is awakened and brought inta
exercise, 60 a8 to have a controlling fluence afterwards, n0 reforma-
tion Gullows which is of any beget. A's woan ae the system fa fll of
ick bluod, the same torbulent'and snruly apirit is manifested, aud a
petition of tho punistineot is mot by a delance of all puniahment, A.

RaPonT OF
‘nan cannot give what he doce not poasess, consequently he eannot plant
orale if Ne haw wot seed, nor cultivate them if be does not love such

ome Keepers never panish, and have the best discipline,
Others use ponishanent occasionally, and do wot. foel st noceowary to
repost Ion the same subject, Othore, again, use all kinds on the same
fsubject sad thou leave him « permanent rosident of cell unit his time

Many of the consicte are broken down setjects, kave lived a life of
indolence and dissipation, and work six daya of ever weok of the your Ia
a great change for them,

1 the contractor pays for theic Tabor, he wants it; and i they ste not
sick, the keeper must get it out of them. IP they have wes lungs, are
ann eh aad of ervows, able temperament hey cnet be
‘yoked withont danger of permanent injurg. Tf they ‘are serofulons
Bibcrealar subjects, tho dngeon io still more dangerons; ed thi lees
tre quite aa disobedient an any. ‘The law probibite the use of the whip
drat

have never witnessed itv ure, and esnnot speak of it from personal
knowlege; tnt if the idiot of pai oF other snoring be indiepensatle
te maintain order and compel obedience, I am unable 10 see the wise
dom of the lew which allowe the vse of a more dangerous means of
punishment

But the whip ia relic of Iarbariam, and the civilization of this ene
lightened age will not tolerate its use,

How much better is the yoke; backing, or the dungeon? Ta the singe
"upon the skin any more barbaeous than exhanstion from the yoke, or the
pangs of hunger, of of being deprived of light, feesh air, and exevcise 7
‘Azo the latter more refined or humane ?

Tf the State eaunot aford to furnish intellectual end moral foree to
govern and vuform tho uorant und vicine iomates of ite prisons, then
allow the use of such means, ax the eapacitien ofits officers can under
stund aud employ. No permanent injary even need Follow the nse of the
whip. This camot be aad of any of the meat nov ia use bere,

‘The cells of this iptitution are nearer a ““zclie” of barbariem than is
‘he whip, “The conviets are sentenced to confinement atid han lator
or 4 torm of years, but under suelia sentence, hs the State a tight to
male tlat sentence « dacth pray? And yet how ea a hereditary tw
bereuter consumption subject escape death, i compel to loge fee ears
in one of these ells, whieh, from the eonstunction and the namober (350)
in one wing, cannot possibly be supplied with fre aie?

Bvery Monday morning, a great number of mes are so debilitated aut
weak from long: confinernent in the foul sir of those cells (two nights and
‘ne day) that thoy earnestly beg to Ye excused from labor, when, if
refiesied by rost and sleep, they would much rather pref Tabor to
idleness,

AUBORE @RIEON. 6

Masturbation under those circumstances is much more debilitating
and sooner leads to insaahty and idiocy

‘Thie revolting practice prevails % a dlarming extent, and there is
to effet remedy.

Tthiok it is greatly increased in excitable eubjocte vy the sight of
large mumbors af females, who are constantly visiting the prison aud
passing through every shop in droves.

Thia should be probibited entirely, I have thus endeavored to givo
‘you somu of my viows, gathered from observation here. If they are of
‘uMleient interest to pay you for tho tronble of their perusal, Laball bo
satisfied. Tremain very truly,

Youre &e,
3.D. BULTON,
Piiysician,

(D.)
REPORT ON CLINTON PRISON.

‘The undersigned, a committee appointed to “visit, uspeot and exaum-
jing the Clinton Stste Prison, reapecttully report:

"Tht. they visited the prison on the 17H and 18h daga of August,
‘completing their examination on the afternvon af tho latter date,

‘The prison is sitoatod sixteon miles west of Plattsburgh, Clinton
county, in the township of Danaetnora, upon a alte some sovoutoen hin
dred fest above the level of Lake Uhamplain, inthe midat of a magni
feent mountainous ecustey, and amid xarroundings perfectly im Keeping
swith tle needs of the inetitation, aa to malabrity, security and conven
lence of industrial accomsories, The incipioncy and early bistory of the
institation have somo romasleuble, if not romantic, characterinties. AE
tor the Legislature had deaided t6 Toeate a state prison at Dannemora, in
forder ‘9 work some ieummines, there sitaated, by convict labor, Me-
Ransom Cook was delegated to erect tho privon buildings, aud was
‘appointed the frst warden of the ietication, Ho took about sixty Sing
Sing prisoners up to Plattsburgh, and thence to Dauweniora; 2et them at
work fling trees tnd preparing timber; and then eaperiatouded chele
construction of # stnekade fence twenty feet high around an arca of
thitty-seven acres of land. The convicts worked faithfully by day, and
‘at night were each chained to a rope to prevent eseapos, ‘They s00m
succeeded in fencing themselves in rom eoutect with the outer world,
fan, their slacade completed, their warden began the ereotion of * ato
walls” which did “a prison malke;* and whicl, in duo time, became
what has since, for twenty years, been knoven as the Clinton State
Pricoo, Nota prisoucr escaped ding tage preliminary labors; and,
0 admirably and effectually did Mr, Cook carry out his origioal’ plan,
that very fow convicts hava ever suoseeded in getting asray from the
piton, except by regular discharge. I ix alan fact, that attempts at
feacape are, au compared with the prisons st Aubura and Sing Sing, quite
infroquent, ae well as frites.

‘The prison iw under the charge of Mr. John Parkhurat, « gentleman,
in one jndgmien, adnirably fitted forthe position by his experience, tact,
Kind Mearteducst and executive ability. In Mrs. Parkhurst, th inatity
tion possesses a matron, whoge interest in the eunviete manifests ieel®
practically and greatly to the advantage and comfort of the prisoners,
‘0 whom she performs the part of a true and faithful friend.

(CLINTON PRISON. 4a

‘The conviets at Clinton Prison are, an at the other State prisons,
farmed ont to evotractors, who secure their labor for from thirty-seven
and a ball to Aftyconts per day, on torms varying from one to five years
in length. The low rate at which the vegalae day's work of more than
three inudsed men is thos secured, of course rebulte most advantagwoualy’
to the contractor, Thia le ovident from the slagle cfrcamatance that
paila are here manufactured from the ore, (the mino being on the prison
premives), and, after going through all the processes of smelting, forg:
ing, rolling aad eutting, are turned out in Kegs, all ready for shipment,
fat the insignifiant eoet of seuenty dallare per ton, or about three and. &
Auartor conte per pound. It ia ealoulated that these ails, delivered at
Now York, cost less than four conts per pound. ‘They are sold ay fast
fas manufactured at ten cents « pound, paying @ profl of one hundred
dnd fifty conte ypon their cot ll which accrues tothe contractors alone,
the State deriving. no benefit whatever from the advanced price, ae it
‘undoubtedly should. "The shoe contractors do not, perhaps, clear” quite
0 largo a prott, but thoir operations are very auccesafl, as ia naturally
expected, where the wages paid sic only thirty-seren canta s day.

The visitoe #0 Clinton Prison eanvot fall to find mach to intevest bea,
"To ope not familiar with tho iron manufactare, su ingpeetion of the va
oat processes theowgh which iron ore fs hore mad to pass frown the
rine into w keg of nails, is calculated to inspire considerable wonder
and delight, Not the least exciting scene inthe series, i thst furnished
At night a the foundry and rolling mill, whré, Wt up by tho glare of
umerous forge Bree, the ennviots prepare the stripe of iron, from which
the nuils are cut by the cutting machiue. ‘The surroundings and nccer
sovios ofthis part of the manufacture are as closely suggestive of the
‘infernal regions and their atteadant horeors, as anything tho eye of man
fever saw; and certainly they limpress the mind more foreibly in tht dic

mn Uian any mere deactiption by pen oF wee,

"The aystom of ventilation hore followed was introdaced by Ransom
ook in the oxiginal cousssuetion of the builing, and thowgh not equal
10 the fall demands of acience and teal, ts the most effective that ns
fallen andor our observation among the prlaona of thia Stats, ‘The balls
and cells are generally void of unpleasant odor, which is, doubtlens, toa
‘reat extent, duo to the rigid enforsersent of cleasliness, bat which in
Itsolf will not reliove the atmosphere of the peculiar animal edaviam,
the certain attendant of every crowded and nnventilated spartment,
‘however cleanly ite walla and floors, and which provails more or lese in
sil othor institutioua of gitflar character, have the aystem of venti
tion is imperfect

‘To the bette ventilation here found, ennjoined with the general sale
brity of the situation, the regular hours of bur and the goud diet, is to
Yo attributed the small amount of sickness observed, cases of soute de
cease leing very rare, and auch as raguire medical care being mostly
bbereditary In their origin, or the results of evil habits prior to admiseion

8 neporr on

[As tothe prison management it may be safely averred, in general
terms, thst the insttation i admirably conducted, both aa regards the
puoitive and reformatory elements which shoul Be blended ia the

ferment of = prison. The Keepers are humane, but Sem, in adminintr.
ing discipline, punishments are ot frequent or orusl; the convicts ate
more contented and better behaved, ithe main, than in other prisons
sited by yonr committee; they ate fed wall, enmfortably lothed, and

(F000 volumes; they have a kind chaplain, @ caveful and intelligent
Physician, and wory woleh/ad Keepers and gaurds, OF course, as weal In
prisons, i is diticnlt 20 find @ convict who bas any idea thet his punish

andi enough to wi thet the Sale Prison
forbes
{oneal view tation by convicts belog that th
chy, wiystering lawyers, or wij aod prefaced frien
Phi committe which vated thie prtan io 1863, on behalf of the
Prise Asnicaton,Neeess. Solomon Jenner, Jon Stanton Gould ond
BL ©. Wines, mada, it will be reombsred,«thorosgh inspection, and
reported the resols of tho same In an exhaustive and detallel state
tooo, which wae prnied in the lat anol report of the Association
Ta view ofthe lotelligent and complete presentation of the exvject by
that comitioe, the undersigoed hace not fet called. wpon to fllow
tloecly inthe sume path, otto cveapy space in repeting the same a
‘Seni which athe main, ree Uinoly nd appropriate thle year ae 2
‘Your somite have consequently contnted thenelves with &
tener, rater than « parsoula,rereace to most of the matiers con:
fected withthe Clinton prsoe.

RLW. BALLARD,
HENRY &.

‘NG sina Pmisox.

(B)
REPORT ON SING SING PRISON.

To the Chairman of the Breoutive Commitae of the Prison Association of
‘New Yo
Tho undersigned, a special commits, appointed to examine and ine
spoot the State peison at Sing Sing, respectfully report
‘That they proceeded with such examination dozing the pa

©" samme already been oo fully sot
oc iy the last nwa report of the Association,

Your committe, during their examination, were particulaely ateuek
swith the foros an of the Iangange used ta that report in expect

ending tho coupling of tho management of the prison

‘and they aro of tho opiaion that-no satisfactory msulla

will be attained untl the system ig abandoned. The opiuion appears

to prevail among the offcers that effort to refort are incompatible with

Aiseipline, a principle which your committee repudiate, wud. which this
Association has wniformly opposed from its organization,

‘Your committee found, a the hospital, several cana where there is no
hope thatthe patients will recover. Some of those are kept there bed
ridden for a long time, and it is a matter for eatefal consideration
whether some legislation onght not to be had, providing for the relief
of prisoners thus allied

The practioe of permitting visitors to go through the prisoa ow pay:
rmeatof a fee of wwenty-five cont, stil continues, and is deomed by your
commnitice as highly objectionable. Ie produces « bad efoct ou both the
prisoners and the visitors, as the ‘making show of  peesou® alway
‘does: Th is contrary to the grave character of prison, and oortainly
Incompotibie with the dignity of tho State, “The admittance of female
‘isitors in eapucially to be deproceted, aa it proves an inowotive to seorot

Male visits ougit to be admitted only on s written parmit from the
warden, or principal keeper, after carefal examination of tho applicant,
fd for satisfactory reasons. Visitors of the other sex should only be

mitted to the female department, except in rare instances, where

tanity absolutely demands i

‘Theoretically, uo conversation is allowed to tako place among the
prisoners; but practically, the rule ia uot observed. Your eommitice
saw may instances of vilatiag tis regulation; aud, 0 fer ae the ont
door workmen were concerned, litle or no resteaint existed to prevent

[davon No, 62)

nuroxt o¥

thetrepeaking to each eter, ‘Tho fciity thes feed for cospiscy
ralrotgeera demorlvtion i at once sen
Thologe of tbacuo i permite, and peng hasbeen etully
grtble'ty te lgistaar, no to tbe windom of which your comaitioe
Sretividcl inopisio,  Oouvite were seen eboking, however, dng
se oe hour, sad tae precio wtih our commitoeseatiosly
Te coamatation syste, ani alle, by which th terms of sem
tees nay bevel by good condos, eBighly spoken of by the of
‘SUE INT appensa to be atinated by tho prvoers a is proper valve
t's fnming the expectations of those who were istrmental fy Bay
fag ie te peed
"fue asley of panshnent a chisy by the shower bath, the foe
ote and sltary conyemeats The pyician of the pris fe ntned
TIER Reserldon ot gang He sdmte that Ie ha soriousobjeo-
‘oe at ina sanary views be thnks Uo best mean of ponishnent
pe hat ever known "
ee Gomori donot propose to eter upon dlecosin of che
gore question of plolshaente. They think Bat wo eyatem can Be
coer cengad ee alvaye aud invavably She best net ey este,
TepSduste of acl eesnl, aust bo wis diseroty ao humaely
aiunrel, all penta epon the men who hve charge of the
Shaun ond I ny be rightly ehowos, we tink tho nei fo erons
Punient wil rarely out
‘Yoav committee desta their aitetion fo the abor aye tn atop
ndes contractors, ntti piso, sn compared with the plan of bor
der eltary covancwentsdopt Jn the ptsoo a Pileiphia, Tf
W'fitalt question to slvo, toro belbg objostions to each estem.
Fick eve spat stowld bo plored, i certain that nites will
Tork moll fatable yernne aro aut entost with fo manageinest,
“ade female dopureat, it wae prsented to ue ab dial to od
rounerative an cleady employment fue thom al Many were idl
"Your eons desire efor lesng thir pat, to aus once re
to lesan porann who wore employed to take charge of the psc
Sate the pelonorns Te Le uot an agresble dy which we pexform,
Men wo fpens, te Dui tht savy of the oles employed the
‘Tito ie tine of our visit are not agtad by thelr quaiations
EEO abi toi abo.” Te i leet stomp to work ot
{he geet problem of making beth rfurmatory apna innttion of
1 Slte peoo, aml portal sepa ell bs akon to eeparatesach ©
{ablshoete fom th Sueno of ple! changes
‘SOUS A BRYAN, Chairmen
Phascls Uikank
Witttaw i, Boots,
noWann Ge0sBy
EEONGHL. PRENTIBS, Commitee

MASRACHUSELES PRISON.

on)
REPORT ON THE MASSACHUSETTS SPATE PRI-
SON BY THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

On the 13th and 18th days of Joly; 1804, T visited, Tspested, and
examine tho Massachaset State prises, at Chaslestown; and bave
Since read the history of the institativo, oo foe it iw embodied a the
fonoal reports ofthe oices to the Goveraoe and Cowal, fra the year
4888 tothe present tine, ‘This prison ia the pride of tho people of te
‘olf Buy State, who claim it aa the modetpaon of th wordy and, cor
Isinly, they have abuadent, case to congratulate themselves oa Unie
‘his ponal estatiahmenty for it sodoubtedly ay adrivably stronged
fd sdnirabty managed Fnatitatoe.

My thank are dua co th ollors of the prison for couresie Kindy
extended hy thew; and pationlany to the gently and secompliate
‘the Hon. Giteon Hayes, who alorded sie every pnsible

facility forthe prseecution nf my minson, He personally con dested me
‘throughout di entire prison premises; patiently explaiued every thing
Telating tothe arrangemante; wilh the greatest indica anawered my
Semeronsintermgatoien; snd of his own accor, pffved ane the oppor

‘nity af Freoly convoreing with any or all of the prisoners, eparato and
spazt from the ofcers, of any of thom

Prin Wal
‘The prison wal eof aod granite manuory, 25 fut high and 5 foot

‘hick at bottom, and surmounted by owt ion ruling, with wate
‘towers placod at intervals on the tmmat.It ie quadcanalar ix farm,
tod ondlrcles am area uf ive acres; which, heworer, does not include
‘he catve prison premises. “The ait, on which the prion atands x a

Point of und, watled ou two aideu Ly the acm and afding, therefor,

The pare and most salurioge ait. Amore BesltMfil position could
searely have been selected,

Brinn Buildings
‘The prison buildings are of massive Quincy granite, ‘The conical
steucere Ie an octagon, sovonty ve fect Hn dinner 0d a elling gor

‘esponing in high, wih a lage lane car Sled with gold fic inthe

ante, book ease containing the prion ibeatyou one si, snd on tne

‘othe, coveral loans chairs, ad writing desk forthe wae of fice nd

‘Yistrs. Ts alighted by four immense atehed doable windoors, extending

{om te Gor vo the eli. ‘Tho prion chapels into ape pars thie

fecntral building. Tt bv w-spacloua and eoamiodiona spartnent; well,

52 REPORT ON

Med and wel! aired; having a neat and appropriate desk; provided:
with comfortable sestey cheerful and attractive in its appearance ; and

Jigned, The kitchen,
rasemeut of tis structure

‘he three w
Iaege arched windows, extending from the eaves neasly to the ground,
‘nly enough of the blank wall Being Toft to servo as ealorons for tho sup-
port ofthe stractar. Hach of these windows (there being some twenty
Eight or thiety in all) is about nine fet wide by twonty-six in height,
tint sceured by strong, upright, cylindrical iron ara, go that each block:
forms, ax it were, « complete cage in eel ‘The doors of the cells fa
those wings ave of open work, through their whole extent, being mado
Of bacy of round iton. By this atrangemont of windows and doors, aie
tnd Tight ato aduilted to the celle almost as freely as if the outer walls
irere falen away and the doors of the cella were sot wide opeo. An
Interesting fact connceted with the arrangement just described is, that,
originally, the external walls had ouly emall opouings at considerable
Satervate ike thowe in the state prigon at Sing Sing, through which air
fand daylight could straggle in but moderate quantities to the interior,
fand the doots ofthe cels, at Sing Sing, elev were solid for more than
half thelr surface, with all openings in tho upper part. ive years
go this wretched arrangement for excluding rather thao admitting the
thro great conditions of physical heslth, alight and atmospheric air,
was exchanged for the present checrftl and airy improvement. And
this improvement was effected withont thealightest difficulty. The re
tite spaces were cot away ia the wall, sod fourteen windows, corr
ponding in all respects with those in the other and Tater built wings,
ere put in, thos transforming a dark, M-sirod and gloomy structure
nto a light, well-ventilated nd cheerful one. ‘The prison, under the
frrangemeot above described, Ins been found to be perfectly secure, no
escapes having been effected for many years
"The hospital of the prieon ia sitaated at the end of one of the wings.
Tt contains fourteen cells of Taxge size. ‘The whole arrangement in this
‘epsrtinent is admirable, equal to anything L bevo seen in any prison T
fever visited. ‘The spartnente are well adapted to the parposes for which
they are designed, boing cury of access, veadily warmed, well-ventilated,
tnd so atranged a2 to afford opportunity for constant supervision at
night, withont the knowledge of the patients:*
"The blocks of eels radiate, a2 elteady ioentioned, from the octagon
building, with which they are. Immediately eonneoted, and Srom which &
i had,

perfect observation oft

Soe Tnspevtns prt for 385,

MASSACHUSETTS. PRISON. 88

‘The whole numbor of cells in the prison in 54. Those in tho two new
‘wings sve cight and a half feot long by four and a half wide, and coven
foot insight. The old ones are somewhat simaller. The furniiuroin ach
cell consiats of an irom bedstead, a table with « drawer init, « stool,
‘water-bucket, a night-Ducket, «knife fork and spoon,a bible and a slate,
Hach conviet hae, algo, in bis cell, a supply of pepper, salt aud vinegar,
wherewith to season his food,

‘There are, within the pricon grounds, seven dwellings, which are
rented, st'a moderate charge, to a8 many officers employed in the estab-
Vshment.

‘tae Patsox Srare,

‘The staff of prison officers are a warden, deputy warden, chaplain,
‘dlerk, physician, eleven tarnkoye, eleven ‘watchmen, cight assistant
watchmen und a gate-Keeper. The alata paid to these oficers are on
‘literal scale, amounting, in the aggregate, #0 about 630,000,

‘Tho warden, besides a dwelling, fuel and ight, receives a salary of
£2,500, a sum sulicient, bot not more than galcient, to secure men of
‘competent ability, and hold them permanently to tho work. He receives
bis appointment to the alice from the Governor and Cousll, and fa, n'a
‘00d degree, fre from political control; since, although an Executive,
aking 4 nomination, would bo likely to solest  goutlemau of his own
party, Yet it ie not enstomary for 8 Governor to remove an incambe
‘upon party grounds. ‘The warden iz entrusted with tho control and
‘management ofall the concerns of the priton, and fa held responsible
for ite condition and the manner of conducting ita affairs, He bax the
nomination and, i elect, the appointment of all his subordinstes, ex
cept the chaplain, clerk, and physician, and the right to oversee and
‘command them ia their various daties, The presont warden requires of
all those in any way connected with the police of the prison a kind and
gentlemanly bearing towards the prisoners. He requites the exercise,
fn theie part, of @ rigid and yuiform eelEcontrol in their intercourse with
‘ther nor allows tho uso ofa syllable of profave or other improperlangunge
towards thom. And the same is true ofthe persons introdeéed by the com
tractors toinstructthe convicts in theiewavious trades, Not long ines, one
fof these instructors so far fost command of himself ax to apply a grossly
‘wulgar epithet to a conviet, ‘The min reported the Iangwage to. the
warden. This offcer immediately summoned the employer before him,
‘and inguieod whether it wae true that be bad used the language report.
ed, He admitted that be had, and immediately began, in an excited
manner, to state the provocation under which he haddone so, ‘The war-
don instantly arrested the explanation with the quiet romark, “ehat it
‘was of no consequence whit the provocation had been,” and added that
if ho had anything in the shop, he could send and get it, but could never
Drimeel? be per "The same course would
have been, under like circumstances pursued, and has in fact been pur-

oa auPORT oF

suedonaformer occasion, towards oneof the prison offers. Me, Haynes,
ao provoction and wader no circumstances, porta the ove, by Bia
‘Stbordoatoe, of initating or ofensve langage towardn the conse.
‘Kwotir mes in no case forget himoll However to prisoners may a>
tor The latter are dealt wih in other sxnner, bat Snnantdisoal
Sine peuley neurvod by the former. Zh efcors are necer diem on
Fall grocndn, While the wnwortty are damiacdprompily and ike
Tat beniaton, competent en ave retsined a Tong a thy axon
tosarve te inition, ‘The conan i that tho pion bag, a ha
Promst tino, a staff fees, bnmave, capeble and efsient ina em
Teme degen Ar Hayne’ masa thst succes dain na prison
cpends na great iyeanare, pon tbe ofcers who are pced inte
Aide charge of te curt a hat halve foo mash ca eat be
ted intel election sor toe great eff made 0 train the who ae
Tend eapableand faite Iie sopedintc the prevalent des that
tetany oan who etvng, ine at soagh, wil do fora prison of
ter To wgards Ue iden nan grave error. Couvet, i Ms opinion,
tho vuled more y intllesal and sora ores tha Uy suet, An of
ter who a even tempered, frm and straightforward bis fatreour
‘si thew, who knows sometting of hua asthe, who studies tho
Chectrs of to men whoa hohe sre, who, fsa ord 49 Bom
tlomen, and nover forget i auch a an, ix Ke jodgaent, will manage
prisoners without trouble
‘Te doputywardn ath principal assistant of the war. ei
duty to aten tothe oping and. coving of the prison, {0 be present
Sarg all religous sevice, to have. consent cave ofthe eleral
Stain ot the pve, to attend copedaly fo ite police ad dicpling
Sedo bo contnunly moving abot the pracy, visting he sope, yards,
Hopital cella oboe depetinents aad seiogthat the oversea keep
‘het men iligentyat work, In ast, bo moat be as nealywbiqitos
thd allsecing a8 hay be inte power of 90 maa ob
"Tu clerk i the accountant, bohoeper, sre, ad, Saeed, a sot of
Jttan tothe establishment, Hin dates are both rultadinons and
Sulifarows.
“he felons of the chaplain and plysician are, perhaps, ficiently
cexplined ty thc tle, though thle tie wil be Farther eb forth a
cNfrnleys are the immediate agente of the warden end depaly-
elng the police and discipline of the prism, tn-which
Felson thir dates ae aanivy mumesous, of grave FesposTlity,
tnd reqniing alway, for thee due disharge, experience, judgment
ni cfen aig ogre of tac al
‘he eupreme duty of te watchnn an ease watchmen iat pro
sent at ali Beers, any convict from electing scope. in suberdi-
Satin this, thoy have many minor factions, auch aa to eieo the
“ties of th copy, to wait on visitors though the prvom, and oner™

‘MABSACHTUSETTS PRISON. 55

ally to porform all such duties and services, for the gecutity-and well,
Veing of the prison, as they may be diectod to porfurm by the warden
or bis deputy, both by day and aight,

Tas Govenwursy op sz: Pasox,

Reason, firmneas and Kind treatment are the fuudamental principles
of goverment in thia priaoa, Tho system pursied here, at least for &
nabor of years past, lias been to Took upon a man as a man; to regard
him as a brother though fallen, and to, view and treat him as entitled to
Innman sympathy, Kindness and respect, The mildnees of the discipline
cemplcyed has not beon, in any wense (so at least testify. the
‘offcers), a relaxation of isciptine; but, on the contrary, there hare
boon forrer outbreaks, fewer tele of Insnbordination, voienoe and out
rage than before i introduction. During’ the incambeney af the prem
‘ut warden, that i, since the year 1458, neither cat, showecath, yoke,
back, or say corporal punishment whataover, has boen employed. The
‘only punishment used ia the darkened ell, withont bed other than &
board and blanket, and a dict of bread and water; but each days? con
Fnoment takes uff one day of commutation earned by the culprit, which
‘consideration ie found to eperate with groat power in hastening hi sub-
mmission. A_coniet, who has broken any of the prison rules, placed in
solitary confinement, subjected to bard lodging and short far, and com-
‘demaed to his wn thoughts knowa that the length and geverity of bi
ponishment rest entiely with himscl; for the moment he releats, snd
‘exproses willingness to return to his work and obey the rules, he
elenaed. Nothing humiliating is required of bim. He understands
‘hat the past will bo forgotton, if his futuro conduct doaerves it. Under
thie system, and with this anderstanding, searosly a day or two ever
lapses, before a chenge becomes visible, and the prondest and. most
obatiuato wolicit enlargement, with promises of industry and obedienes
Mr. Haynes avers that he has never known an fastance whore he thought
‘het @ mau would be made better by the infliction of blows, nor haa he
cover yet, as he thiaks, mot the person, however low and degraded, how:
‘over hardened aud steeped in crime, who had not a epot In hia heart
hat could be zeached by proper management. When @ convict enters
te prison, Before he Is vet to work, he ie fully and carefully instructed
in his duties, and informed what will be expected of him; a printed copy
fof the rules and rogulations is plaged in his cell, aud he is told that any
violation of thom will eortaialy mect with pavishmont—a caution whiely,
in many casas, ie found euient forthe entire trm of his sentence,

‘The vlolatiow of the rule of silence is the mort common offence, for
which panisharent is inicted, Bat the number of punishments does ot
appear tobe large. Tt was but little ia excess of oue hundred lest
eat, The average duration of punishments is about two days ; some-
‘mes it reaches to tens not unfrequently it ia only a fow homes.

ErORT O8

"The priiple of rewards for good conduct on the part of convicts is
not introduced into this prison to any greater extent than itis in those
not the only, play girem to thie prineiple
fa inthe operation of the law enactod in 1851, which secures to the cone
vet for comtinaed good condact a small moo'hly deduction fom his era
‘of sentence, The influence of this commutation law, a4 tis called, upon
the discipline, is fond to be highly advantegeous in this prison, ax it
tpeen in the prisons of one own and other Statse. The effect has been
to make convicte, from -whors troable would ordinarily have been
apcoted, prompt in duty, orderly i» deportment, and roepectfl to their
(aloore, and to awaken in them the desire to form fixed habits of indus-
fry and morality; 20 al, on sogsining their freedom, they may be pre
paved to lead virtue Hives and become reapectablo and uxefel citizens
All the prisonera are ferniched with almenace, in which they record,
jnonth by month, the days of comiputation earned by good behavior;
fd, so the days iereane, x0 doce the dotorwination t0 conduct In ach
2 mavner a to scenre the fll benoit of the statnte
“Within the last wo yeare Mr, Haynes has introduced a new practice,
‘viz, that of alloming the convicts, on public and national boidays—as|
the’ Fourth of July, Tharkagiving, and tho like—an hour of almost an-
restricted recreation and enjoyment together in tbo yard, in whieh they
famnse themmeives with football ud such other athletic gamce ns may
please their faney. Mr. H, expresses entire satisfaction with the result
Gfthe experiment, Ho aays that, whether viewed inthe light of enjoy-
tent by the men, tho atrit propriety obmorved, the good fesling engen-
fered, oc the effect upon the dseiptne, it was, in every polat uf view, @
perfect sueceas, Tt vas like a tonie adcinistred to the mind and the
fvimal epivits, bracing ap the whole system for moro cheerful and vigor
fou Tabor. The contractors, to. whom the working time of the mea
belongs, say that they wonld willingly allow thom an howe every week
for eath recrestion, feeling natinfed thatthe loas af time would be more
than made up by the increased cheerfulness and vigor of thelr industry.
Mr. Haynes ia quite eure thet the devoting of an hoor occasionally in
this woy, under proper rales and regulations, would be the most impor-
fant measnee, in.a sanitary point of view, that cowld be adopted. Tt
would have a tendency to break the monotony of thelr Lives, give them
‘the neceasaryent-dootexerciae, so reqinita ta health, farish thera with
fo for Vuong and contemplation, and withdraw the mind in = greut
Agree from therneelves and the imaginary lly over which they brood
land mope, til they become to them ss positive realities, terminating,
Dut too often in fananity or denth. Again, he thinks that such « Tecrew-
tivo, cossionally granted, might be made an eficient ad powerful
fnatrament in enforoing discpling, by restsieting the privilege to those
‘who ight be thought to mesit it by thelr goo condact, How much
the prisoners enjoy and prize it cleatly appears i the fact tbat for weoks
‘and montbe after one of these easons, their letters are Sled with litle

MASSACHUSETTS. PRISON. 87

flze than descriptions of tho scene and deta
afforded,

of the enjoyment it

Reousasion ate onear Ousecr or Pauox Discrete

‘The law oreating the Masoachusetta Staia Frison avows two object
4 fomnding that {ustitation—the punishment and reformation of trane-
igreseors. Reformation thea, as well aa punishment, was recognized,
from the origin of the present penal aystem of Massachneetts, aa the
igreat and true principle of priscn discipline. Tt was a considerate and
‘ise provision, wad one chatacteritie of the benevolent interest which
‘hat State has ever taken in her unfortanate children, that reformation
tras made au object of prime importance in laying the foondation of ber
punitive system, What roaults hove beon accomplished by tho disc
line which whe established ia an inquiry which muat interest every
Dhilanehvopist, and especially every penologiat. Let it be remembered
That that discipline in based mally opon the alfrespect ofthe prisoner
find his dsice to eoguin the character nnd standing he las loot. Patient
tudvioe, enccaragement in well-doing, eympathy and kindoens, combined
‘with ald but inevitable panshment for the wilfully disobedient, ane its
prominent featares. A solution of the question aa to reoults may be
found, in past at least, in an extract fiom tho wardex'a report for 1863
Jn that dovament he holds the following language: " Sulice it to say,
that what hag been soaght in vain in other States through the instr
mentality of the slower bath and the lag, hak been accomplished here
by the more humane method of recvgizing in the convict alll a man,
mur in God's own image, and endeavoring, by kiudieas and ayropathy,
tovekiadie and keep alive the smallest apsrk of virtae and manhood be
ray tring with him into the institution. The fact that ont of the whole
aramber rouived hevw in thirty-two years (6,098) only seven and a half
per cent. of thom have returned, fe more ennclasive upon this point, nd
ft atronger argument in favor of our ayetem of diesipline than any other
Tonw'd ange at this ime,

“Maavachostta has one intramentality wt work In connection with her
State prison, quite mkuown, a3 fer ae T am informed, as @ matter of
State setion elsewhere, and yet as sive and considerate ae ft is anique.
This an instrumentality not indeed reformators in itself, but eminondly
fadapted to sid reformation when purposed end began. In 1849 she
established, by legiclative enactment, a State agency, whose sole func-

‘ion it shoald be to provide stations for discharged conviet

‘manage the agony thos established. Tele by law mado tho duty of
‘this sgent to counsel suck discharged cooviets a8 may seek hs ai, and
teak mck mene io prcteempeyment fr ch of em a ay
Aesize it, by correnponding rn agrictltaral and mechanical
route, and with benevolent ndividale and atociatione, a he mag

58 REPORT ON

doom proper and expediont" “His mode of proceeding is as flows t
Kaowing when sich and auch convicts aru about to be discharged, be
visits them in prison ame time before, and inquires whether they wish
him t find plecen foe them, oF to aid
places, in what part of the conntry. He reuosts every one whodeeiros
his telp to ealt on him at hia offlos immediately on leaving the prison,
And in the menntime he exerts himeelf to moet thr desires and provid
for their noceeitis, "Nor" ays the warden in one of his annual reports,
“has ie ever once failed fond, for every one who asked i, employment
fat the work ho wished, and In’ he part of the country he wished.”
maker declared that within the space of te ar twelve
‘years, forty to Sty dischaeged eoniets, whom he knew to have learned
their trade in the State prison, had beon employed in his establishment,
fnd that he had never discharged one of them for Bad condact, How
faconraing,” adda the warden, “are there facts, ad what « proof of
the uility of this aes oF moreifal aud beneficent legislation, afrding
fevidence that most of the convicts, when discharged, are enabled, Dy
the offer of employment provided by the agent, to resist the temptations
te idleness and crime, and to become industrious men and good citizens.”
The operation of this ageney explains, no doubt, én great park, the
smalluens of the peccentage of eonvicte who return tu the Chaslertown
prison, ab mentioned in the last paragraph, and the amusnally Tange pro-
portion who appear to have refinmed en returned to fife of honesty
fod virtue,

‘The prescet incumbent in the chaplainey of this prison, is the Rev.
Geo. J. Carleton, who, by the possession ef a kind and genial diaposle
‘on, ao-well aa by his general ability, seeina well qualified for the ime
portant and responsible position with which he is entrusted, The rel
gious wants of the prisoners here appear to be carefully and abandantly
provided for inthe arrangements made to meet them. A Sabbath school,
presided over ly the chaplain i= held every Sabbath morning in the
hap, forthe bone of such convicts who may choose to attend, afte
‘which the regular services of the Lord's day, at which a sermon is
always preached, is observed, and upon these all are reguired to attend,
"Therein aleo «daily religions exercise in the chapel immediately ator
breabfast, consisting, usually, of reading the seriptores, singing ond
prayer; but the chapinin ie bert, If ft acem gous to hin, to aocaaie
pauy the portion of scripture read with exposition and exhortation,
‘This serve ie short, not aceupying,oediuarily, more than ffteen mine,
Dut moy be prolonged at the discretion of the oficiacing elergyman.
‘The influence of the few minntes so spent is found to beevery way sale
tary. The thought of God, his being and providence, is thus kept alive
in many a mind from which it might oUuerwiao practieally die out At
this solemn aud impressive hour the memory of caller and better days

MASSACHUSETTS PRIRON. 69

often revives, and the reeollections thos awakened are hsllowod by ro-
Iiniscences of the sltar of prayer in the funily circle and the howes of
God. ‘Tho old home influence comes lack upon these erime-stained wor:
shippers like gales from the Lotter land, and ite action 4e powerful or
gov, Not a fow of the convicts are found to Be pleasingly succeptiblo
{ moral iuduences skilflly applied, and to reigioas Instrvction kindly
administered, Toauch eapecially, thedaily chapel rervice nn guest value,
jn somo cases by making them positively botior, and in others by pre-
venting them fiom growing rapidly worse, And what bag thus Dee
sid of the brief raligions exereles of the weekday moruings, wil, as
fmaticr of course, apply with alded fovee. to the more extended and

pressive eerviees of the holy Sabbath. In. addition to these snore
formal labors, the chaplain devotes no litte time to personal interviews
withthe prisoners, in which the instructs, exhorts, wars and couasels,
fccording: to the exigencies of each individual case, and, it is 10 be
hoped, agreoably co the injanetion of the apostle, with all Tong: store
ing and doctrine”

Spocial occasions, as fest days, thanksgiving, and the anniversary of
four national independence, it customary fn this prison to improve 40
religious ents, Uy holding appropriate religious services, and Smparting
{tultable religious iosteaction

Tn like mannor the occurrence of death among the prisoners is not
allowed to pass without epesial notice, The deceased, neatly attired in
the habiliments of the greve, is placed in the chapel, whese exch pri-
ssoncr may Took for the lage time upon the remains of their comrade,
‘The deep solemnity of such ovsasions, and the mubidden tear in the eyes
‘of mon anascustomod to weep, have a many casos afforded gratifying:
‘roof thatthe sensibilition of the heart aro not entively orushed by sin

‘The chaplain wakes fequent visite t0 tho buspita, co minister the
‘consolatons of religion to the sick and the dying. Ia many instances
earnest desires are expressed for religions counsel and prayer, and all
the evidence of repentance ie afforded which fs possible in eases of thia
nature, To the brief funeral obsequies connected with the-death of each,
rman, such inoidents related to the prisoners ave not without & salutary

fefoc, if not permanent at least for atime, There ie 8 hymn Book for
tach prlaoner in the chapel, wicl he may take to his cell # wo minded,

mn thia connection it may be noted that bth the Sabbath and week
day services are aided by a rognlar choir of singers, composed of the
convicts themselves. Some of these sre pricienta in instrumental aa
‘woll ws vocal music, and their performances are not only creditable to
themselves, but constitute sn important and interesting: part of the relic
ious services of the prison, ‘The choieia inatructed by one of thefr own

60 mEpoRT Ox

mbar, who is abundantly competent to the task; and one hour i
‘Slowed! them for rehearsal on every Saturday afternoon, and, T think,
also, op Sabbath morning,
Seular Inslrction

Tam sorry to say that the wocular instruction in thie prison ie not a8
swell provided for ax the celigious. Undonbtedly, the Tntter is the mont
important, bat the former is far from being wniroportant. These ia no
fchool in the prison other than the Sabbath schol and no secular lee
fons are given ia the calls, Now, a far as 1 can gather ftom the
reports, about ton per cent of the men imprisoned here are unable, om
fntering, to road at all, and many others read vety imperfestiy; yet all
the intraction they ever toooire in these and athereletoentary branchow
of learning: ia imparted iu the Sabbath schoo! 5 cltcamstatce, by the
‘way, which converts that sacred agency into too much
In one of tele reports creditable to atate ike Mus
hasta to keep her criminals fa euch a condition”

‘Dae Privon Library,

‘The prison hse a well selected libeary of 1400 volumes, which is
placed inder tho eare of the chaplain, There 12 a stated appropriation
{of 8900 4 year for ite increase, Most of the convicts are able to avail

allowed to change theie Uirary bocks trios a week,
‘thei faniion are algo allowed the privilege of the Tibraxy.
library is an instrumentality on which great relianee is placed, and
justly, forthe improvement of the eouviets

Vente,

‘The ventiotion of this prison Je unsurpassed, as might be lafecred
for the structure of the prison buildin
fa nothing of that unpleasant, clue and tnasty odor, ao commonly ob
served In prisons ; on the sonteary, the conidors and eels are perfectly
treet und innfensive.

Provivion for Lighting he Prison,

All the apartments used by the convicts enjoy the full ene of axa
Tight by day, and at night. the gat barnern are avBilently ntmerune 20
tenable every prisoner to read any ordinary print emfortably. This in
fact, ie roqulred by special statute; and it ie further required that the
Jote be kept burning, with «full head of gas on, til mine flock P. ML,
‘throughout the year

Coantines,
sre kept well whitewathed, cleao, sweet and fee from ver.
‘mip. They are often examined with © view to tho extermination of
these pests. T's maa reports that he has aven or felt» bug, thorongh

DMASSACHUSENTS ‘PRISON. oL

search is immediatly made, that the evil may be, #0 to speak, nipped

fn the bad. A lacker nade of coal tar ix ruhed ‘spon the iron bode

stead, and this i found to be the most efsctnal defence against thee

pestilent iasects, The night tabs are emptied and scrubbed daily
Supply of Water

‘The prison haa an uolimited supply of Cockituate water, ‘There aro
hydrants ie all the stor of the prison boils, and in all the work
hope, ‘The prisouece are supplied with ion water ad Kitum during the
‘warm weather of summer. Hach prisoner fs reguieod to wash ih hi
workshop thee timea daily, that is, immediately before each soeal,
Thera ar xix beth tals, provided with bot snd cold water, whore all the
convete are sequined t0 bathe once m week in snmmer, and once a fort
Bight in winter, with the exception of those engaged in dsty wos, who
roust ote the bath weekly throoghowt the year. The sheets and pillow
tae arechanged onor a fortnight, and the blankets are wasied af least
three or four times a year. The doer clothes of the men are wasbed
Wwookly. The be clothes ate thorowgiily ald once each moot

Bode,

‘The mattrasnos used here are made of curled palm leaf, "They are
said to bo superior to those wade of sttaw, und eheuper in the long rua,
‘A mattraos'of thio ort will ast coven gears, at the end af which tims
the meterial in two old one will male a third Ae good as new.

‘Shaving end Hor Cutting.
‘The men are shaved by convict barbers tien a week, and have their
bir out four times @ year,

The Clathing of the Convicts,

‘Tne prison uniform consists of a aut of which ovo wide fe of blue and
the other of red cloth and & cap of the wate material and eolore, ‘The
suit i the samo winter and aumines, excopt that in tho wintor the men
sweer dannel drawers and undershirt, ‘Their other ehirte nro of hoary
ipod cotton. All their clothes are marked with heir own names ia
full, evento their towole, sete and pillow casos. This is dope ta fos
ter a feoling of sulfrespect in the convicts, and to tuduce them to take
Vetter care of their clothes. Te elao increases tho zense of personal re
sponsibility. T have described the conviot? uniform, a2 {t has been
Teretfore, and fa now ; but the spectore and wardens, a alate tect
Ing, raolved to abolieh all variety of colors and to make the wnoem 40
‘onslat hereafter of a suit of simple hive, The necessity for » distinc”
‘ve dress f it ever existed, i thought to exist. no longer ; and it is
Delieved that a dress of uniform calor will tand to promote the aslF
respect of the prisoner, and ao to increase the chances of hie veformae

‘ll Une convicts are faraiahod with pockot gouba

62 REPORT Ox

‘The Prison Distory
in reapoct to quantity, quality and varety, the etary of ths peo
is all thet an be desired; aome would say that it i ton good for eri
role confined at hard labor, TT one ratio fe not enough ia any case,
nother ie eoppliod. IF one Kind of fod is found to disagree with a
ran, of is even anpalatable, anothir, a8 far az may bo practioablo, is
substituted, Vogetables are auppliod according to tho season. Me.
Hryocs! masim fz “You can’t manage hungey mea if tho stomach
‘empty, thay will rebel” “AU che aouls ate taken in tho ella. An
hoor io ellowed for dinner; thls Je, at Teast, a great convenience to tho
oficers
To daily LI of fave ia a fellow:
BronlfaetMoat hash, brown broad and eof,
‘Dinior-Buked beans’ and posk, white bread.

Breakfast—¥ish bash, brown bread and coffe.
‘Dinner"-Gorn beet and potatoes and brown bread.
‘Supper White bread aad cule

Broobfos—Moat hash, brown bnead and cafe
DiierBoaf soup aid brown beead.
‘Supper—Iudian pudding and calc,
BroakfactFish bash, brown bread and coffee,
Dinnar—Stesed poaa and pork, and browa bread,
Supper—White bread sl Sullee

Breatfasl_-Pish hast, brown bread and coe.
Pimer=ish chowder and brown brea

Supper White bread a

Breatfat—Meat hash, brown bread and cafe
‘Dinner Boaed tans and pork, and brows broad.
‘Sipper—White bread and cafe,

Breafast—Vish hash, brown bread and coffe
Diner Boot soup sia brown bread.
‘Supper—White bread aud cue
‘Sentry Condition of the Prison
Te would bo rationally inferred fom facts nnd eirennetancos detailed
fn former parte of this ropors, that the condition of the priaoners x
eapéct to health rst be exeallent 5 at sth, {a point of fact, I the
ane, There ha not boca a solitary ease of fevor inthe prion for more
‘hao ten years, and none of aay contazious diseaso for the eame period,
exoept oa of variolold lat fall. ‘Tho groator part of the deaths aro

MAROACHUSETTS PRISON. 63

‘from palmonary complaints, mostly caused by hablts of selFabuoe
‘and agsin, the major part of thore who de inthe prison are either natives
fof Kteland ot of Irish parentage, ‘The average nomber of patient in

a prison popolation of nearly five huudeed, have
been at fow as threo apd a fraction for an care year, Tt fe doabtul
whether ficte ke the above can be matched in auy other prlaon, or
fndeed, in any community obteide, even inthe most favored Hocalites

Induatrice of the Prison.

‘The industri of the prison avo arranged and managed npoo tho con-
tract aystetn, Up Wo the commenconant of the present war, the insite
tion bad boeo, for many years, alfoustainng j indeed, ibaa been #0
for the greater part of the last guarter of « century, notwithetanding ft
fn charged with the whole expense of cooveying. the convicts from all
parts of tho Stato to ite walls.

Mr, Rabinsim, werden io 1847, says in Mio roport of thet year
“There ate bot few ennivete, that come to thie prleon, who have trades;
and this want of «calling is undoubtedly one of tho evil eleumstances
fof their live, whieh have Ted. thom Soto crime, T alwaye couault the
‘conviet, when he comes to prioa, as to whet trade he would prefer to
Tears, and, when I ean, T gratify his inclination—from the couvietion
that & man will be likely to-do beter, in prison and oat, f permitted to
follow the bevt of bin own desire in this reapact, ‘The primers are
enconraged and reqvired to exert themtelees to beceme expert, good
Sworkien and most of thor who age gent here fora term of years do,
jn fact, become skilful, and able to compete for a Livelihood with others
jn thoie trade, I know of roxny that azo receiving lange wages. T
‘often meet and convarsa with tham in tho stot ty often call upon
Ine, end T often teosive letters informing mo of theie woccoas in the
fines which they had aequired in this prima.” The present warden,
Mr. Hayues, eaye in bis report for 1860 : “ Fortunately, wo are enabled
‘ive mort of var convicts @ good trade, so that when thay do go forth
into the worl again they are much better prepared, aa @ general thing,
tn-earn an onest living than when they came here.”

Prnal Sentences
Mz, Haynes, in bis report for lat your, has some remariea on the ine-
quality and length of penal sentences, 50 pera arnt a

re to transerb tem entire, He

“One of the most perpecing. matters we tave teal with Tn tha
‘connection Ia the inequality of wentesoes ; each of our judgen appeat to
bbove @ standard of his own by which he le guided, and a great diverlty
of opinion seems Lo exist ameng Uhem upon this subject, T know ft a
Impossible so to reguleto ceutuaces that oqual ad exact justice will be
‘administered in each indirual case, at erimes of the some class vat
50 much in the aggravation attending them. T do not wish to be under.

64 REPORT oF

stood as favoring ether of the extremes, bat simply to point out the
spon tho dcplie of the prison
‘world call your atention 6 the sontenoen
for passing eomntrfet money, the aggravation in such cases being only
in the amount paseo or inthe reputation of the ono puss it

“*OF those in to prison af the resent time for passing ene counter
fei Wil theic sontoncns rary from one to five yoare; for tho Passing
of vo lll, Fon to to tn. yoars. Wo have dre ma oro who plead
Guilty to passing three countefet five dollar bill, who was sentenced
{oifteen sears; another who plead guilty to passing four twenty dab
Jar bila, who was sentenced to but four jearey one many for having ia
Mis poctcrson ten sowntoreit bank ill, was sentoneed 49 one est
anor, for the samc oBenes, twelve yurs, Thos mon may work
ear euch othr, and of conics learn the fats andi ean bo eaily mae
ined that grostdasateastion mould be engendered, and out daciling
Suifer in consogaenoo, No logic. ean cmvince a’ wan thst jortice
eqwies him to serve ftcen years hore for passing Aicen delle in bad
‘money, when his neighbor serves but four for passing vichty, every
‘hing elae being equal, Scarely a week passes thet I win not appeated
to in rogard to such cass. Ie in in vain for mo to ay that T am not
Tesponsiile for Mango these sien nce fiendless and natal ook
tome for advice and susltanoe,

“"Aagin, TDelive oor erin coe lo bo very defective; we have
x2ow upon ove alaata ook five crimom prnishable with Sepeioment
{ir Hfe, vin: antrdor in the encond degre; Bighwag seblery, assn, rapa
aod bovglry, boing sted ; alo, aaveral others tnt may bo wo pani:
tad tthe discretion of tho judge, Tt ie ooldom that life sentance is
Passed widh the remotest idea, ether of the judge or eran, that i
Will be inficted. Tropeat what T have esid’ on a proviuas occasion,
that "T have never received « man into this intietion on life se
texce, who dil not say he prefered it 40. one for tem year. sad ont
reonrda wit prove that they a corest. ‘The flowing table wil show
the number af convicts received at the prison since 1888, on «sentence
of ten yee al upwatda, the number pardoned, died, soreed im out
bow retnining, and the average tine served in each ease

{years and uporasds have served their whole term that twentyreight per
ent, (aboat a quarter of the whole namber,) have been pardoned, and
‘the svorage time served was siz yeara and mine moatha; while of those
for life, fortysix per cont, (neatly one-half) have been pardoned, and

sverage time served was bat six years and three months. Aro they

MASSACHUSER®S PRISON. 65

not right in preforing’« life toa ten youre sontence? At the present
time a sentence for lite ia the State prison Ja pronounced as flippantly
fod with no more solemnity attending ie than one for valety days in tho
house of coreetion, the judge feoquensiy necompanying it with the sug
igeation that they hove only to behave well for x few years to obtain a
prion, This T hold to be wisng tho eourt should rathor magnify Yana
Reprceiat the enormity of the crime that domands such » sentence, and
five the criminal to uoderetand that under avy ciccumstances many
‘years of good conduct must pass before he ean even hope fora pardon.
What weald be thought of the jadge Who, in passing sentence of death
pon a criminal, slouid intimaie that he did so only for form sake, and
‘hat the penalty in all probability would not be inflicted? And yet a
fontence for life, a8 it ought to be uuderatood, both by the judge and
friminal, fle bat ite short of « doath scntence io impoctance and
solemnity. To be efvotlv
Crimes, the perpetration of which would cleaely fo
Ibert for the remainder of hie days; and a pardon in such ces should
be the exception, and not the role
f, for fous of the ive crines punishable with a fo sentence, torm

rot exceeding ten yeare could te substitnted, with the understanding
that, except fr good and substautiatrensons, the full penalty would be
indicted, an important step would be taken, not only towards the smp-
[pression of crive, but n the digciplino of the prison. Te isnot the pen-
Bley that prevents este, but the certainty af conviction and punish
ishment!*

The routine of prison Tife at Charlestown Je thus aot forth in the

mpector's report for 1883.

tie convicts are mustered out of thele rooms fo the morning, at
hhoass varying with the season of the year, but asa general role, at the
carl! period of broad daylight. Tt is not considered cafe to allow
tem to be at large except whon there is supe natural light to observe
fand contra their motions, After boing a short time engaged in “wash:
fing gp.” ud in saminer, at score, thoy return to their cells with thair
Drealfash, ond immediately after attend prayers in the chapel, and shen
go to tir workshops to labor, ‘They there remain associated Yoge-
ther in fait alles, unlose when, by exprese permission of the offect
jn charge, they are allowed to make auch Snquirles or remarks as the
exigencies of their work may require. ‘Tho most frequent cause of eom:
plain and. punishment fe the afraction of this rale aa to silence, and
From the instances we have notin, the rule appeare to be very effec
tively and gtvietly enforced. “At 12 clock the men retura with their
Aianece to their cols, and are allowed and required to remain thore for
fav hour. They thon rotur to their workshops and coutinue thee Iabor
‘until 6 o'clock a tho long days of aummer, and when the dogs Become
thortor,uutil just before the eualight begine to fail. They then take

[Assom. No. 62.) 5

68 [REPORT ON MASSACHUSHIIS PRISO¥.

‘heir avpper rations, and retara to ther colle for the night. ‘There fs no
Gvoning religions service, On their way to their calle inthe evening,
{he convicts all approach a cersin point, where the warden or deputy
fod the overseers of the worksbopa fake thoi stand, Such of the men
ae have committed any ofence during tho day, are ordeetd to remain at
{his pain, while the others Ale off to their rooms. "Tho offence of exch
fa then stated by his oversees, (9 the warden or deputy, who examines
the case, and in hia discretion merely reprimands the afender, or senda
Kim inte paishment, whieh consists In tho deprivation of supper and
ed instead of the Tater, a board and Blanket being allowed. The
Bomber of punishments pee day doce not greatly vary from one-half of
tne per cont on the number of convicts. On Sunday rooming, thoso of
the Conviets who with to take part ia the exereises of a Sundoy school,
fscmbla in the chepel for Uhte purpose an hour before divine servi
‘This exerci fa entirely voluntary, and is the only stated texching:
which i given in the insittion

Dine ervice fllows immediately after the morning: hour of the
Sanday schou, and tho prisoners then retorn to their evs forthe day.”

Ti. O. WINES, Gor, Seordary

sw Yoxt, July 800, 1864,

‘THE PROGRESS OF PRIGON REFORM 3x ENGLAND. BT

s (@)
THE PROGRESS OF PRISON REFORM IN ENG-
LAND*

[Phe following histories! survey of the progrens of prison reform in
England fr the fast landred years, waa prepaced. for the North
Amncriean Reeiow, and acorptod for insertion in that journal, Tt was,
hhosaver, ruwdod out of the January namibor by aiticles previously ene
‘gaged, and, a2 ita pablicaton ta the Aprit-mumaber would be too late for
‘ts tranaforenco to this reporg, it waa twluctantl, and, I boieve, to the
ogect ofthe edit an well an of the weiter, withdvamn frou tat able
perlodal to dud a place in thene humble pages.)

‘The subject of this memoir, the Rev. Joba Olay, Held much the anne
relation to prison discipline iu Hogland, that Des Argold did ta educa
ton, Prin inter parce wes bat is jus ile; tlle, cenver, readily
slelded to him by bis peena. For nearly forty years, Mr. Clay cooupied
he position of chayinin to the Preston’ Howse af Correction, im North
Lancashire. ‘To socb eminence did he rise through the ability, zeat end
fsucoese with which ho discharged the dutien of bis tral at, daring
all tho Tater years of ie ineumbency, hiscounsel was sought in enters
‘connected with prison reform, wot aly in hi own country, bat in many
of the atates of continental Barope; ahd there wan scarcely a pli:
tmentary commission appointed to inguige into the state of pris in
(Groat Beitaia and the nscossty andl proper methods of reform, which he
‘was not sanimoned before to give hin views on the auject to which the
inquiry related. is sou, the Rov. Walter Lowe Clay, was iduced, a8
he infirm as in a el profece, to write and publish the work before
tte by two considerations. Inthe fist. place Lis father fad requested
lim to carey oat a derign long cherished, of preparing fom his numer
‘overeporta, pamphlets, and miscellaneous ianescript, poplar treating
fen the romedies for exime, bus which ho himself had been prevented from
‘completing eve death sapervened and cut short all earthly projects; aud
secondly, many of his fathe's flenda wishing to, posseas a tnemoir of
hie Uf, and thinking. that the cietoty of 20 noble and useful a man
cught fo be rescne fom oblivion and preserved to portrity, Id urged

ur PROGRESS OF

ito undertake th task ‘Tho well oucived ad well cent wi
"ite pon ot taba ia th reaue of theve prompting iia dty fas
‘hes coommplied « trelsid works te prodecin of an Mistrial
sketch ofthe pon eyatom of Engiond, and tho preparation of ng

raphy well worthy to'be inwoven with i ane tio the biography af
oa Zin kad eneibta, iow sncondny depen to give spe endo
Stony to tht ayetom. feat iu hated efona and poe that
se pooens many ts eccalon tn wer bly ny el hal saa
Jo dra trom ad lay bfre aur countrymen a omdenard bat conpre
Ieoivevicw af the progress of piconet inthe Brit ilande for
the let tended year.

“the horrors celica, anf mani abomination of aglish praon,
prior oth ine of Howard, av sketched by Mr Clay, are almost post
Bolct Wa lave neler apace nor diponton to spre te arrow
Actus betoe cur sentra, Te centre evil of ihe sytem wae tne tl
fui beeper, fico hom ll supervision and reeioy won It fo make a
Iiviog uo oven fo emich nna ont of the prisoners No saluy wee
ails bon ihe contrary ihe place was ion prchesed, owned
TE lLarwery ceee ot Uk ds kalle of cone peatland bee
{ale Doeune the loding characteris of tho ras of ior. Extor
Kone logic forte lw, a wel x com, id Th oa of tho
cone open th prisoner themsdiven, Sock are th outine ofthe
let. The filing wp was in Kenping. Fees, rents, paringe af pelon
Enons, geal wimp, kt egalon Matvatin, seat of verte,
‘Sinues Ertan ons aren of thn pivige of Bogus the neta
tit finely of one which to jonah low fo reer crt
to eres rtabannon ead dcbrlnry hale oak herd foes
Tatninge to dost boty, Jal fovrs whieh swept away thee mrs
SFetine by scoee aud besdeds, an wor aecnce of al moral cave and
Talghoe teeciogy tbe, val aud villainous aang on tht pram
aunt ty baspery labors consieancen Sor essing Doth Solan
Si credo, tnd « sbamclas feng of mages, even ap to the
ten car Sot iw ond tm nn ncn
Tance of thomand iigutom peatcve—thos thingy sod nil as
thru, are ationg the dole that tl ep aod complete the Bot and
Sokching pltor

‘Hmm tu be thongh; however, thet uo olfrta wero mado to corect,
teas ovis and mitiguta then bortre Av "trove men ved btore
‘Aganermnen,” a0 romane mon recoded Jom Howard. When tho jae
Teoamo dangurouly eromdnd dist atta bed grown fo te inilor
thie, wow clas of pera anitaton, under tho ume of hoops of eo
fection, cae to wad. Grigialy, feed they were workbouen rather
{han inn, infended tee fr poishent than the exact of compa
tory abr tom "nognen, vagabond, ty Sete othe lo and
{Caonerly persnn?” Tao ew intitetions according othe etinony

[PRISON REFORM IN RNGLAND. cr)

‘of Sir Edward Cole, were decfedty effcacions in the repression of wae
aeancy and crime. But, as Uie doom of everptiing human is to degene.
fate, whatever these houses ware designed to be and whatever Whey
‘were at fra, "they afterwards Yocume in genera! (as Fielding, who
as ax good & mugisteate us he was a novelist afters), no other than
schools of vie, seminaries of ilmiees, yd common shores of tastineay
fu disease.” "Such Howard fond tem, ‘They contained aa he tem,
mination ae the falls, and moce piwical misery
George I, tho house of correotion was made, by
fact of parlimyont, moro vtrietly a prisom; and later enuctments have
‘movida these houses to auch an extent that the distinction eter
‘them and fale ie now well nigh obliterated,
‘The reform of prisoue wan unt-aeviowaly attempted prior to tke com
the 18th centary, though rome eusnys at reformation Wore
‘nade by individuals, Later ited wp bis voice againet thebeathonirm
inthe London prisune: "Oh, [ woald ye would renort to prisaty” be
aay In x eormon preached before Rawart VI, a commendable thing fa
‘christian seal. T would there were nea of prisons Gat we might
5, ‘the curate uf Newgato, the curate of the Fleet ? an€T would
hnave them wagod for their lb. Eis holiday work to. vite tho pris:
‘nets, for they be kept from actmona’” Foxe, in sia Book of Martyr,
‘often glanons singply atthe fuiquitles practied and tho ieee endured
i prisons in the time of Queen Mary. Ho. Eligaboth's reign, Bernand
Gilpin roguterly visite ell the jaile that fell within the sange of hie
missionary eiruite in the northern counties, Tho fret regular treaioe
fo prison aboses end abominations, appeared in the seat 1618, under
he Lilo “Easayes and Charactsr of @ Prin and Prisoner.” from the
pen of Gettay Signal of Geaye'ston, Gent” Mynaball’ was an tm,
folvent debtor, who Ingubriounly whiled away his tine duving his owe
Stmprisonmen, Ia the composition of bis qualut but insteuctive jeromiad,
In hie description of a prison aa « school fo vllany, «pest house, sak
fof debauchery, and place where the penniless might atarve to death
‘and; in ia eataloguo af malpractice, stripping for garush, earveeings
at che tap, sancezings for fees, &c, Ae, he complately anticipates the
revelations of Howat
A noteworthy attempt to effect a reform in prison discipline, occured
oon after the formation of the Cheistian Kaowledye Society in 1698
“+A cciition of prisons” was appalnted, hich inspected Neweste and
tho Marshatscs, visited the peisoners ia thei wells thonght ft to dia
{eibute some money amang them, and reported the reslts of thei inves
tigation tothe ecelety. Dr. Thomas Usay, founder of the society and
chairman of the evmitice, fllowed the report by an," Eesay coward
lhe Reformation of Newgate and the other Priguns fa and about Lem
don." ‘The docoment, which ia stil extant inthe urehives uF the society,
‘iis printed in chaptoe Lof Hepworth Digsa's Life of Howerd, is
omarkable ove ja sevoral reapoets, It presente « viv plcture of the

70 ‘108 PnognESs oF

rampant abuses and loathsome immorality of the London jails, oftara a
erica of shrewd practical sngycations touching the management of
prisons, auticipates many of the improvements of ater years in prin

{iscipline, and boldly recommends that provision be made to Reep every

prisoner 4 distinct call; the first proposal of separate contin
wwe thidk, ever mad

ysiom, “Tho result of thie fut, Beyond the datribation of acme reli
‘gions books in the London priaoss, the despatch of a parosl «0 every
oonty jail, aad the git of & pips and chaplain to the Marshalaea, (3
hot revarded. The whcle emhjeet wonld seem to have died ont of rind
All the yaw 1498, when Nr. afverworte General) Oglethorpe, ltrs
ft the founder of the Stale of Georgia, ptocnred the appointment of a
Commie of the Howse af Commons to inquire ito the state of jails
fn tis Kingdom.” Parliament (ook wp the investigation warmly; cor
rptions, pectlations, and sbvses of the most dugrant an) Toatheome
Kind seve diagiged to the ligt; the newsseriters and pamplileteers oa
patisted on the subject —and Hogarth lelped to intensify the pablic
[eaignation ty aa llestrative picture aad engraving. Tt was th com
plluent to Oglethorpe's committer that Thompson, in origin owt a new
‘edition of The Seasons,” in 1780, inttoduca ho fullowing Hines

[the veiote germ of the forfuned Pennsylvania

‘Some of them were indeed mide to feel those pangs. Banbridge, of
the Pleet, Acton, of the Marshalves, and Hoggsins and Barnes, of the
King's Bench prieoo, wore ejeoted fhm their office and anhjectod to
Tegal prorecution, Some legislation was had a the reat of the labors
cof this committes, but little yeas effected by it fn the way of practical
reform. In 1725 another pa‘liamentary eocnitiee wan eveated, with
Willlaar Hoy at ita head. Hay was a deformed pigmy In poroon, bot
tan of clear head, ntrong sense sad genuine bonevolenes, abd far in
fadvance of his age on qvettions ¢€ sovial veform, Ha report waa an
Able, eagnciona, compretinsive docmont, too wise and faeenching i
fts tecommendeticns fur hiv eontemporaties; but many of its anges
tions have since been enacted into Inve. About thi tine the eanee of
prisoners was taken up insnother quarter. ‘The members of the * Godly
Glut,” formed at Ostord, and ombrachig the Wesleys, Whiteseld, and
their most aealoes follower, prayed, proached and dietributed alma in
all the jails, eidewells snl Bedlam that eame within their cieaita and
Jt was only on compulsion that they at length donisted from thia pat of
‘hei Isiore.

‘The cause of prison reform atsaggled on, with but dubiows auecess,
for many years. Owing to the alarming increase of the eonsnmmpsion of
so, crimes multiplied a a rapid rate, and bill for banging eriminale at

PEISOS REORM( IN. ENGLAND. 1

famequal pave, Capital felonies bad risen, fa Blackstone's time, to 160, and
oon after, the Ist contained 222. The publication of Blackstoue’s C
rmertares, in 1965, gave a rode shock to the public confidence in gilbet
Justice; and transiations of Montesgviou's Spirit of Laws, and Becearia
‘os Crimen and thet Punishment, added to the force ofthe Vow. In 1772
f clergyinan, by the name of Dene, ina letter to Sir Robert Ladbroke,
‘Proposed and advocated separate imprisonment ax « means of reforming:
‘To Denne is cotmanly awanted the erodlt of Ueing the frat
hy aw tho
eo, fir rag male a saggortion to that eflact aa early as
1699, anda few linos to tho came purport occur ia a sermon by
Bianop Butler, a 1140. Denne's pamphlet stteacied no litle attention
at the Hine of its publication, and Howard quoter it with mach respect
Some years later. Tho saine year that produced Dens Tetor wat
tarked by a yet move hopofal ajmptom of the cousng reform, the forme:
tion of a socety, which existe 1a thi dey, for the relief of poor debtors
The following year an act was passed suihorizing the justiooe at quar
tec sessions to appoint chaplains to thir jails, at « aalary not exceeding
£50 ($250) poe snmuin, Phin was the fist officiel recopultin Of the faok
thas prisoners are within the pale of maleation. Tho same year Mr.
Popham introduced «bill nto Pattiament for the abolition of juilore!feea
‘andthe payment of Ged salaries instead. A fow months earlier John
Howard the illustrious philanthropist; the worl-reaowned. prison re
former, had boon appointed high sherll for Bedfordshire, Thus did the
shadows of the night begin to retice, ad the pale up-stootings of the
Aswen to skict tho dean hovizon,

“Howard's “universal ja-comeiseion” arose out of his appointment to
the shicievlty of Bedfordshire. The clreamstaneo,” he writes, “which
‘excited me to activity in behell of prisoners was, the wocing some who,
by the verdict of javies, ware declared not guily, some on whom the
‘grand jory did not ud such aa appearance of gulleas eubjocted them to
tial, aud some whore prosecutore did nol appear against ther, after
Dooving been canfived for mouths, dragged back to jall and looked up
‘again till thoy should pay auadey fees tn the jlo, te eee: of mesinn,
fete. In order to redress this hardship, T applied to the jostiees of the
feounty fore. salaey to the jason in Tiew of hie foen. The bench were
properly allieted with the grievance, and willing to grant the relief dex
ited, but they wanted a precedeut for charging lie county wih the ex
pense, I therefore rode into eoveral neighboring enntioe in search of @
Dreoedent; but Ison learned thatthe sans injustice waspracticedinthom;
and looking into the prisons I bcheldseenescf calomity whieh grew daily
‘more and more ansious wo allaviate. Ia ordar, thevetore, to gain 8 more
perfect knowledge of the particulars and extent of i, by various and
Accurate observation, viaitod most of the cowaly jails a Bugland.
Seving in two or three of them some poor creates whoso aspect
‘was singularly deploratle, and seking the eauee of it, I was anewered,

“thay tre aly bowgh fom th eel! Thin sare rod
Coenen, ctl, md, ad ogi" ta he day

‘Gatacapricyan meer poponnded pr these” Hi sont da.

Bhkston Pipe, aut Blew won of ering psi to
ng tre wothing rae ard notch, he epetly vsol every al
at srl very an Sager hw ot iy, ving sae
abe wil whe made him wnt be ovetelly beets, © Beropeea

ethos tall on
concn. He one apent fr dye af alma qonrnine co
Doard iy lareio t Venice, n order to lear the fall truth abont
its management, Within a month afterwards, and will ail quaking
with the eects uf a quarantine fove, bo had'a private sntsrviow sith
‘he Prpever Joseph, diving mish he’ aecne to have fold hin all ho
ont palatable faci ew concerning to pil prone

[PRISON mxORM IN BNGLAND, 7’

Howarils labors and writings, ale by a eircumetance tobe imm-
stely noticed awaenad wide-pread interest in prison reo
‘qestion of prison dicipine wae abandantly decors, Iss hock
‘the State of Preona created mech excitement, and called forth numero
eviews Oo thas i nto at bel a saa slog
from die pun of Sarno (afterward Si Sonel) Rony ntsou
Iie labore In the department of lave efor
fubjech, snd even ander tho same tile with How's, som appeared
fom the prese. Jones Hunway, who, Uke Howard, bad eaetlly ob-
terved and studied the prisons of Helland ad, ike him, bt found Thess
far advance of tae of Bngland, osouneod Bogliah july te good
isi doen the

oun termi, a8 schools fr iateetion iniquity”
Pnciple that association in "ieligiou, laura sad inpliie”™ He
Proposed a plan of wlitry lprisontnent ts be enforced wth nod ge
fr Pecomeding nt only separate cll, Det acpartin ating yards. an
separate clots nthe chopel, "ao eooiived thatthe peleone may wee
fin hear the clergyman, whit double grate prevent hi eving any
Ag indispensable ajauets to soltad, he propoved ee
‘he frm and jat goveraent of a" gelleman-heeper,” onthe re
Iigiout minintentionn of an able, earnest chaplain. 0 render tho pone
Sehiment enerrrient to no end lt tery” he saya, "ie bat bal tho
"0 tho prieauer and estore hin to the
religion and eoaal lore in hia mind? Hane
sway, it wilt tte be ao, anticipated the eseenia principten a wall as
the incidental exaggerations of the modern nytem of separate impiie
‘Tho cireumetance veered to fn the Last paragraph a8 having given
special importance nad intcret 9 te investigations of Howard was the
Pesplevieg i which the governaent found itl Sovolved touching
{he dispoual of ita earplun convicts, which cold neither be Hing, trane
ported, nor crammed Into the prac, a thy wetealveady crowded to
fecons. This pleViora of convloty, at that partelar juice,

ster peor

two bundeed years ene mcane of getting vid of the narpiosecinality

im, waa then in abeyance, owing 10 tho rovlt of th Britah
North American Cole, ad the war thay were waging for thei ide
pendence. -Aaaconsetene, the felony of Bgland was danimed vp in
fue conntes. ‘Mo eert the evil, an act was paneed “to authori, for

othe panishinowt by bard labor of oflnder lable vo be trans
This ast converted Dridewells ints peultentinty Sactovon,
Meanwile to eke ont the notsions inuficency ofthe Briewells,¢wo
‘ld haTks at Weolrich, the Jutta and the Censor, wore converted into
Hoating prisons, ‘The touviete emitted to these hele were to Be om.
ployed in using grave, in eloansing te vor bed, in laboring in the
Aockyards, or on tor pubic works This wae th origin of the hale

‘me PROGRESS OF

aystom, whieh sferwards became 20 famous, we might eay infasion
‘TRokinory of prison discipline in Bngland. Howard inepectet the bufka
Teta, UT wished,” be writes in is State of Pelaone, to have found
the prisoners mare healthy, end their provisions good of the sort, But
fee acheme ia new and fomporary, am not willing to complain” In
[Pato of fact, be found the floating pean Achy and peailential, and the
Penicty sickly, halfaaked, fed on mouldy biseut end tanied meat, and
ying at the vate of thirty per nt. per anaumn. Two years lates on vie
{ting the both, be foud, es the resell of his indignant remonstrances,
the worst evils emedied, and, with bie approbation, the government ds
ldo om a temporary adherates to the plan. As the whole body of the
ounary justices, dxpite the exbortatione of te judges in their charges,
find elally disnggarded the injunctions of the recone act, andthe reinows
Bridewells remained aicerty wat for the reerption and eafe-keepiag of
bard laboring felons a il wes pasted to continue thesysten: and addi
tional balks were esablished at Portamonth, Plymouth, and elsewhere
Tn 1219, Howard published «second eition of his Statouf Prisons, with
a appundis ins secand volume enntaialag the rorults of his further
nvestigation, both at home and abroad, To was abla to report consid
erable progress in the work of prison reformation, His vigilance and
Siiotures had proved e strong etiniolns, Few prison authorities bad
‘Sentured sllogether to neglect the reournmendations of his foriner work,
Many new jalls had been commenced. In others, salaries hind been
fprauted to Te koopers ia Tiew of fees and taps, Full fover hal slmost
BRtiely disappeared. ‘These improvementa, whieh were of a substane
Gal characte, wore due almost solely to Howard's pereonsl exertions
Yet they fell far short of hie aim and wishes, Physical evils
uly had been alloviated. "At thie pointy" ho weote in his. ap-
Geutis, the spire of improvement aeome to stop, scarcely touche
Fig upoo that stil more important objec, the reformation of morale
avout prisons” Meanwhile, however, ut the instigation of How
tid, bil had been passed “for the erection of two penitentiary
Iowsce forthe reception of persone wally transported.” Three super-
frnors were appointed to ottey fe int elect, of whom Howard himeelf
‘yas one This acl ee faszons one inthe annabsof prisons; it was famed
With great caro by Howard, Blackstone and don {afterward Jord Auck
ead). It thoroughly represented the opinions of the Rist with regard
to solitary confinement, ant the veformation of exlimnals.“ Aecompe
ied by wall regulated labor and religious instrnston {ao rans the pre
fble) might be the means, ander Providence, not only of deterring
thers fom tho commission of tho like erimes, but aleo of reforming the
Individuals thoweclvee”” Sodoed, every eminent weitar of the tne, who
tented on privon dscipline, favored the system of separate imprison:
rent. Paley, in his moral philosophy, gave in his adbeston to this doc.
‘Wine, Bless tht “of the refornog punisbmonts which have not yet
‘been tried, nous promlace ao much wucoess as that of solitary cone

[PRISON REFORM TN RNOLAND. 5

ment® Bot tha solitude contemplated by the act for croating tho two
penitentiary honses was by no means absolute, It was doubted whether
the pritoneer conld he made to work in solitude, and whether rotablo

spslem wae thas touch more anelogoos to what ia now known a6 the
Seber; br omaregate eyetem fo ont
2a, or teparteapstem, in which dhe prisoners work ar well slep i
epacate cll. Thin pate of the discipline was copied hom th Matson
Ge Fore, at Gust, at that tne regarded she nel prion of Earope
Howard continued, with unabated seal and diligence, bie. work of
pssoorinting, both in Great Britain and the ateten ofthe Continent,
Ui the year 1284, when e ought out a thed edition of his State of
Prisons, embodying all he fresh information he had gathered. I Boge
land, prison disciplio had ether rettografed than otherwise. In many
localities, the interest prise wan either om the wane or already
nto "The jails were diegracfllyerowied, andthe jal fever bad
Sein mado is appenranea with deleting foc ‘The cance for thie
eterieaion were manifold, ‘Transporation was enepended; the nim.
her of covet, 9 consequence, wae rapidly ccumelatingy the net
forthe erection of the fo penitentiary hontes hed proved foo, and
the scheme hal been abundoned; even Howant' inboence and energy
being smeqotl to the tak of conquering re tape and carrying oat
design, Tho at requting the Britowala to be prepared forthe tem.
porery reception aule cestods, employment and’ dve regulation” of
transporte, had met with tote neglek ‘The Bidewella were no runooa
Sod ineeonre that tho convits sentenced to reforiatory lnpriaonanent
inti of traneportation, were of necesaity sent to the jal, These
soon became overcrowded, aid an act was passed Sn 1789, "for atond.
ing and rendoring more oftlual ihe lawa in being relative to house of
correction?” ‘Tha act, considerably navened with the sew doctrines
Promulgated by Howard and bis followers, tmasormed tbo Bridewells
Ell wore completely into relormatory prsdan, Leber, supervision, the
separation of clases, and eve In ome ene, aceording to the Snerpre-
{ation of Me Crawford and Sir Joshus Jobb advideal eparstion, wero
Cnfuined, and the dctroe tht prisoners in Dridewella a wall
jul ad sola to pave ree rcognieed bythe appointment of chaplane
ft #20-« year. But ths moenre met with ile more station than
the previous ate, and two years later Peslanent made another attipt
to rouse the coustey jutids to reform toe prions. ‘Three till were
passed. The ghjcta alized at io this tia of uote were, Ie. Tie creo
tion of now ail, with all th Itostimprovenente, 3d. Phe payment
of salaries to the jilora fn ica of oes ad iter perquisites, 82, Sep-
rate imprisonment in jit an wall an Beidewelly ath, A remodeling
fthohatksystom, and 8th, Tho evivelof tensporttion, A epee was

THE PROGRESS OF

opted for the balks which made how far worse than eves and yet ft
Tated for forty yeace. “Pho new achem for ansportation waa that of
founding a powal colony, to consint of unalloyed felons, wader tho eor-
trol of A lee, staff of taskionsters,» detachment of soldiers, ad
fhongh aut Teast, gallows. An attompt wus ret made to found
ilony at Siva. Leone, The convicts, however, died. off 20
Tapidly, that the attempt was soon abandned, and ie May, 178%, Com
Iedoee Phillips get call from Spithoad for Botany Bay, in New South
Wales, in charge of w convoy of xsvun transports Indo set eight hu
eed felons, male and female, the fuwiders of the British Austealion
Bimpice. Towarl was vohmently oppored to teansportation. Resides
‘the immediate evil of overerowed prisons resulting fom the scheme,
he saw that it invotvod tho abandomsient af ia much eberished project

Of penitentaces. "The gentlemen" he says, “who detested he deaign

(Gf penitentiary houses}, and adopted the expensive, dangerous and
Seattuctive sekeme of tronaporiation te Botony Bay, T leave to dele
town selections on their conduct” A fee monthe after writing Eheso
Tires, Howard died (in January, 1700), «life woury, dabenrtenod, disape
pointed man, "No effocnal ef” he wrote shortly before his death,
IAG be made in our prison, tll the root of the evil bo cut of, which,
from the loneat observes, Lam coneinesd ls deapheuniaa”

‘he interest in pasa, hong feeble Before, waned stil faehor efter
Iii death. In fow district, noverihotens, bik reforms were prosecated
find his principles of prison discipline were carried uot with vigor and

"the stost notable instance of thin was in Glonceetershire,
ened and energetic justice, SiG. O. Pas wom How.
{ted had invoalated with his doctrine, ad inpleed with his veal, worked
‘Guta complete prison eyatem forthe counly, einaiating of font distinet
Buidewell for to reception ehiedy of vagranta and porsane summarily
fonvieted of sell offences, and of & comaon jail aud penitentiary com
bined, in te vity of Gloucustes, Tho penitentiary was tuted on the
reformatory prineiples of Howard, “Teo colle were allowed to each
fouiet, the ne to ele, the oer to work in, But the solitude as far
fom being unbroken. The prisoners met evory morning in the chapel,
tnd in the evening before they were locked sp, they were pected "9
walk for excrcee and air inthe ering garda of tha prion,” but always
in the presence of ay officcs. The moaotony of the solide wae furiber
relieved by fiequent visits 0 the celle, daily from the governor, wchoul
‘uaner, and faskmaste (a trustworthy prisoner}, aud almost dally fom
te chaplain, Ina word, tho discipline of thi pricoa, in its main fem
tutes, ecparaton, Into, he disune uf irons, costar bat wholesome and
Abundant food, kind treatment, and cular and zeigiows teaching, ie
ocioly that yr estalisod in th Lest prisons, aftr lapwo of eighty
years.
Tn the county of Sussex, evan earlier than at Gloncester priv upon

PRIEON REFORM MK HNGLAND, 1

‘the separate aysten bad been erected at Horsham ander the potent eu
pervision of tho Duke of Richmond. ‘This prisoa was the foxt on tho
Separate eyateun in the world, ‘Though Ite is known of Use detnils of
{tg dlacipine, yot the moceons of the experiment is abundantly attested
Howard wrote of the prison with unqualied gpprobation; and the eele-
brated Lord MacaGeld, after having once ispected it at sesie-tme and
ffter listening to the Keapers account of ite refortatory power, exclaim
fo, ashe bimeelf tells wt," Good Godt this Iaogaage of exporience iy
‘ory foreible, and the facta ought to be more generally own.” Anoth
Gr celine pris wae erected In Sussex eoonty, at Petworth, ia whiek
the sysiom vray developed mack furthc than at Bomba, "Infact, on 4
‘small seale (it contained only thirty two cella), thie prison was com
plete anticipation uf Pentonville

Gloucestérehir and Suasox were the only countia in which the gopa-

cm was falely ved tho lat cantury. There were several
Clumsy fnitstons, but they all miscarried either from the want of intel
Tigence in the ofcers cr because diesiplioe was enriced to parsimony.
The Ha of elltty Imprisonment had, from the Srat, excited vatemeat
Diejulice. Coleriige but echood the poplar eentiment when he wrote,
fer be ped by aah ih, be

‘Two years after Howard's death, Jeremy Beatham proposed a peni-
tenting on anew plan, a arange compound of vemiecond principles ood
baued dots. He called ft panopitcon, beeaote from acentral Aree
laniigr  conlineal ingpectlon of te prisamere wan to be kept up by
rans nf a nystem of roleotors, and that by night es well as by day. Te
is waneceasery to ive dolailed account of the plas, xeit proved uiter
1p impracticable,

In 813, SieSomuct Romilly, who had discovered the elose connection
betwen prion sefurm and his own grost project of law reform, atiged
up the House of Commons to reconsider the whole subject of penitent

A committee was appofuted, and Bentham and Sic George Paul
were sumunoned to give evidenco as be respoctive wvoostee of Pano
‘ce, and penitentiaries. Sir George wes vietorions; and the proposal
of the comimittae to erect a National Poniteotiary om the principles of
Howard's Act was adopted, A modigention of Bonthan’ growd-plan

Tellowed, and the swamp, previously purchased aa the site of bie
Panopticor, waa retained, ‘This pelaoy, after undergoing manifold chen
fos and the expenditure of immense sims of money pon i, foals, in
S45, beoame the fans Milbank Prison; and from that time i has been
‘ad almost wholly ata dept for convict,

‘Though some progress, au we have sees, was toade in certain locali-
ties, and though Jamey Neild, a Buckinghamshire magiateate, and treat
‘rer f the Debtos Relief Society had plodded for eleven years in anna

HE PROGRES OF

‘al cronite of inspection over England, Soosland and Walee, and published
the roll of his Tabors in a ponderous quarta, the cause of prion vofnem
languished from the tine of Howard's death in 1701, sll Mrs. Fry's mie
sion to Newgate bocame the tall of the town and the topie of the plat
form, To the oterle af philanthropic Qualters, of wich she eventwally
formed the cenvo, is due the eroditof reawalening s general interest in
the stata of joss throaghout tho country. In Februury, 1818, William
Allen, Stophen Grellet (the famous Amerieam Quaker), and two ether
Friend, visited th criminals in Nowgute. On cnteting tne female aide,
they were shocked at the disgustiog abd pltiable condition of the Liaw
ploming, fglting, dran-drinking, half-naked women, esowded with thelr
Irretched children, into the ward and yards. Owing to er aratoceatic
connections, hor Iaband's wealth, ber thoruugh godess, and her pecue
Hise gifeof exhortation, Aa, Fry we alroady aepivitaal divetreae among
the Quakers, and one of their most prominent ministore, To her, there-
fore, he four Friends applied." Accompaniet by only ane lady, sho paid
tes visite to Newgate, and diataibuted some coaraa clothing anvong the
‘women, On tbe third visit the Indies had the courage to kneel down
find pray inthe midet OF the rabble. "Cheard weeping,” wrote Mire
Fry fo her journal, “and Tshonght they appeared mich tendered; a ¥ery
solemn quiet was olsorvod; it-vas @ steking seen, the poor people ok
thoi knces around aa ia thie deplosahte condition” Nearly fout youre
passed before Mra, Pry rentined het minisizations, About Chrismas,
1816, she and a friend named Mary Sanderson, obtained permission 10
tay the experiment of discipline at Nevegate. An wnooenpied cell waa
‘auigned them, in which they established w sehoo! under one of the prise
ners, whom the reat elected as achoolmiateesa. Other Indies soon join-
fin the work, and in April, 181%, leven Brionds and u elergyns
wife formed themselves into an Association tor the Improvement of ex
fale Prinueca a Newgate. They fat drew up a code of rules, to which
‘the women promised vledionce. Thay then procared materials for em

10 working companies, found a market

ployment fred the princes i
for their productions, provided them with decent clothing out of thoie
own eetnings, and established schools and bile clases, By
‘hese “ioamires, the savage rabble wan roduced

what thoy sam, Alter ty Robert Owen, pablishod fa all the
nowepaposs, drow public attention to the Newgate ladies. ‘Tho visitors,
already aoncning, increased nnd mailed, "Os tho two public mora
Inga in the week, partes f inspection streamed thaoweh Newgate, Fash:
ionuble philantheypists, benevolent aristocrats, members of parliament,
cabinet tninltors, nyat dukes and duchorse, docked tothe philaotbrop”
Jo show, ad the experiment was swamped in its very auocesk. How
fever, the publicity it bad enjoyed was not without its uso. Iteboroughly
‘roused the poptlar intareat in prison reform; and Mes. Fry bad all tbo
‘qualitios necascury for atilizing tho motive powcr she hed evoked. Wer
‘welliined exertions stimulated into extensive and practical activity the

PRISON RRFORM IN ENGLAND. 9

novely awaltoned and increasing intrest in prison discipline, She was
fn invaluable ally to Wilberfreo, Powell Daston, and the whole com
onion of benevoledt iamovstors, Te was through her indcenco that
prison disciple and the mitigation of tho penal code war clovated to
fp equality even with tho abolision of elavery. Ie waa she who Srl
‘alablished the principle thas none but women should be employed in the
superintendence of female prisoners, Sho did mote than soy ome eso >
introduce Chrintian faith os the easentil basis of teformatory discipline,
he was the eet to meliorate the eonditon of female enuvieta on board
tio ranaport ships and in the calonien, These constitute her ditest cont
Datone to the development and progressof penal disipline. Her indirect
sid to the eaose,slesdy notieed, was of nn les, if not indeed of even
‘greater, importance

1 1815, a rofugo for young eviminele, claimed to have been the fore
runner of Reformoatory Schools, waa opouod in London; and the next year
the " Society for tho Improvement of Prison Diseipling® wae forined
‘The formation ofthis Socety wax well-timed, and ity lnluonce for good
not mnimportant, It organized and combined tho ieolated and dosultory
‘forts of individual colloctod and diffasod much valuable informations
land established regular inspectious ofall tbe prisane io the oalm. But
the most important, as well as sucveuful, part ofthe Society's work was
the establishment of rofager for diseherged prisoners, eapecially for
boys, who most needed such assitanes, as it had been the custom, it
‘heir case, to administers valedictory fogging, and thon turn them out,
raw and bleeding, into tho eizeots, The Ladies’ Association estab
Similar ofages for diechorged female prisoners, Pamphlets on prieona
fewarmed from the prose, and found oager rosders, Iasian’s Inquiry
nto the Present Syetom of Prison Discipline ran through six editions in
fatwelweinonth. Pasliament, which for many years had done fete more
than appoint abortive committens and listen to inconclosive debates, was
at last falely rouned to action, When the work of riatate-coneoidation
commenced, the priton Inve were among the first subjected to the pro
seas, ‘The fo jail committeas prolonged their sittings for tteseessions.
2nd oxainined a Togioa of witnesses. Theg fonad the praoa laws an ace
Cumulated medley of bewildering statutes, fol of anomalies und contra-
dlctions. Sir Robert Peet put the tarenty three most important fate bis
legislative erwoible, and tranematod tho while Into the wellknown Jail
‘Act, which eatno into eect in July, 1893, In thie act, all the chief dm-
provements on prison decipling, which ld been evolved and elaborated
by successive reformers, were embodied, with the exception of eepara-
ton, to which, notwithstanding it was favored. by Howard, Hanway,
1Nield, Pavk and ether eminent frends of prison efor, Mra. Fry and tho
Prison Discipline Society were unalterably opposed. Claseication was
substituted for aeparation, but spon a viciows principle. Legal ance,
‘and not moral character, was made the basis of the division into elastes
{In adopting this principle, the very object for which clasiation, if at

smn PROGRESS OF

sl is toe denied wae saoriGcod vz, the separation of hardened offend:
cee home comparatively wnpollated, ‘The other inprovementa whic
Cena e ante in przondiecpline were more valuable, Female prisoners
ae aay a placed exclusively ander the ciarge of female officers. Short
Fare eaicbe were to bo held In the chapel. Reading and writing were
sae eights Tonportant rostritions overe Tad on the jain’ hitherto
Both te keepor au the chaplain were

Sessions, and the court

ited between tT
Ta ae ell igh ler
oes aly though not exp
sod he ical Monel fe yous ore ty le Cat Th ab
ate a was at new, ar Seroy Detar bd oa, orem
Eee er pte oft walting-ea" and ob 8
aa ae pelted ty Howard's Dontary Ack Tts whe now
mreay ape, ar te " ovrlating stains” (an the roe called i)
reply onda Arde oe inle panacea fr cen ope
a a ee ea gave a worl tila opin rom
Te ee Japon "le anny conan the fotos throng 1
Strongest Wngoae graven pasas were ruse 2 tho
a a oy ie acy at ober, ough fling sort of Do
se pata iaprovd th te dnclin.
Sen eerie gc Hert eats all at won pase, 08
aor te sis pase, Mr Cay wan elected chaplain of he
ae a af docechon ving previously sere or wo yore a4
Pr elie the bane price Loma, wi all thee
Ae hie utara, with adele prodesce an jolie
Sein re evra. wih vbing cold wverea,s0412
mat a it aes seam but focotives, ho nt abut the work of
Ti nt aca t liowy no tins of al cpainion
ee atatonly dali work, but to Gu Hor any
we ge Maton wee tale see of experiment. Dring
a er betsy histone and jourale form wecrd af
a etmonc Uf fate samp covtorac he oi
Ce et upland, and ofskening mrngles
co ee cnt to epprom even pli abwen,T0
Saar eee nt fly evoked sh poral pectin of Ne
ia i cing oeot of th inporanc hia oie erated
Sa ee ety sovr dagen hal toward heed
a ee Torsean compel broken th Tong conaancn
coo ciapa ers wore, Sn tit way, sorely Ie oe
a ei attve seca, ban thos ofoward Tinea or wae
Pern (abe ca mach can extomive or Ymneent Tn the face

[PRISON REVORM 1 ENGLAND. al

of cbetactes and dificult and discouragemente, which would have
fppalied and turned ack « lose rorolute spirit, be persevered in his
{elormatory Inhors, ill, from befng a place where thieving, gambit,
Sweating, biking, and Gxhting were practised with ipauity, and
Shere even open Biases, ribald obrechity, and dgasting prodigacy
‘an sot, be mde the Preston House of Ootfetion one of the model. pel
one, #'nal, indeed, (aa wo ane somewhat Inclined to tuk) the model
prisea, ofthe world Me. lay, ike many of the ables friends of prison
oform in Kngland ‘Elowars aming the amber, ae we have acca}, was
‘ver aa earnost advocate of the aeparate aystem, which, aller © Uenty
Yonts baile, ho auccoeded in introducing at Prosi, Tho peter, bow.

‘rom the fete he fopunted ho necesita bar

Ti ad caretally tnd sod powered th
‘Sos ofthe introverny, and the bold pangyries ofthe extreme adver
calor ofthe separate eyo tad ever clouded he pereptions or warped
Ms jodgeect He rejlvetno move slide for hi experinent than
cron be suiclent, fn duration abd stiiace, give the prisoner tine
Toe rofeeton, and to tave him from further cuotaminaton,” He had 30

‘let that ietetion, nonccompaniod by otberindzosens, wan que 48
Ukely to aowse vicious, ae to foster snlutary, feeling, All hat be asked,
therefore, from separation wut, that H should guaranty tbe prleouare
from reatual ortoption, and malo them think, To clesake and hallow
the thought, when ance aronsed he hal to be, under Gud, bis wor, and
fot theayaten’s, In efec, how to volt contamination and compel ro
fection, without injnry eter to mind or body, wa, in his opinion, the
ral prablom; aad, as befote the experiment began, he was coavineed af
the dangorode potency of the lonely cel, beat once took means tales
lie igor, He shesnk frum the idea of milatering the goapsl among.

fo atlegs fom the divary monatony of enforoed slit, or, perchance,
trembling on the yeige of insanity. “Tbe mind must retaa ts fall
sureugth (was biz eonatant caying) when engaged on such a work as
repentance,” Accoedinghy, in the Beeston jl, tl inlation was wither
practined nar atzempiod. ‘The prisopers had each his voparate col for
Working sod sleoping, bt they mot every moraing in the chepel, aud
fn the Loris day two, fr eoigioas service, ‘They also sow each other
Gnily io the exercising yard, and agen in the eehool coom, shore they

red instruction in the slomentary branches of secu

pelson under the separate eystem, as there practivd,

ftarg,ooveral wo cause iat the leaUtation ina somewhat dlgeased aud

‘etelted state of mind, were thoroughly restored to meatal xoundacas
[Assom, No. 62.]

82 rae PEOGRESS OX

er the mil and jadiciona discipline, to which they were eoljecteds
land, scocding to tho beat information and the best judement of Mr

“The progress whic prison reform had made inthe United Statos, ha
sloady attracted mach atlention ia Europe, and commissioners were
tent frm several of the chit Bveepean States to inpact the Ameriean
prisons, Prussia sont Dr, Julies, Prauce MM. do Beanmost and de
Tooquovile, and aforward MM, Dewets aed Bloc and Bngland, in
1523, Br, Crawfor

"Ten years expotienee had proved the Bnglak jail act a falure. Crime
swag rapidly and alsrmingly on the ineronse, From 1606 to 1896, the
Commitments to prioua had quadenpled, wbile the popmlation had only
onbled, which shows that erie hud increased one hvodeed_ per eent
More thorongh and effective means for tho repression of evime were
Toudly called for by the comtry, A pavtiamentary comittes was
sppointed to inqaive iota the causes of vhe rapid. geve of rime and
‘he appropriate means of repression. Among’ the witnesses examined
‘wae Captain Baul Hall, who bad receutly published 8 laudatory aceuunt
oF the prisows at Auburn and Sing Sing. Ou the atvength of his owl
‘ence, the committer eccmmended 4 moieation of the Americaa aye
tem of priaoa discipline, and ia 1888, Lord Melbourne despatebed Mr
Grawford to isit nd exansine the ponitentiaies of the United States.
Mr, Crawford had been one of the founders of the Prison Discipline
Bocioty, and wan among the most active aid practical of its members
‘An npright, sedalovs, aud vagacione mau, be fuled hie comission in
& thorongh-going, basineselike manner. His report, voluminous, trast
‘worthy, and minute oven to tellonsness, embudied a vast amouat of ie
portant information, While frankly weltowledging the eat moe
Df the American prisune, ho Ioid bare thor ela with bold and ayy
{ng hand. Mr. Crawford nhesitatingly gave hin decision i favor of
the Penoeylvanis discipline, Stil, be dil not vente to recommend
that model for initation in England. Oo his return, be thoroughly
fexumined all the chief prinoas in his ow country, to ascertain how fae
fitter of the systems, the allent or the separate, could be adopted ia
‘thom It was with great reluctance that he at last felt compelled to
confees that the enormous expense of the separate eyatom rendered its
Jntreducton almost hopeless.” Aform of the silt system, sinila to
that established at Wethorsfel, Coanecticat, by tho Mosse. Plsbury,
Jnadreceutly been fteoduced ito the Wakolild jail, andthe suoveas of
the experiuent was tadoviable,  Grudgingly, therefore, Mr. Crawford
recommended the adoption of similar disciplive throughout the
Kingdom

Tn 1885, the doke of Richmond, in whose family prison reform had
Decome ath hereditary task, took the matter wp, and procured « select

PRISON REFORM IN ENGLAND. 83

‘committee to inquire into the atate of jis, ‘The labore of this commit:
tee were of the highest importance. ‘They continnod thelr aoeions for

reports iapected all the prianaa wi
than five distinct reporte, "Not did they eoofine their inventigations to
prisons oly, «Phe hulk, reformatory schools, convict” transport ships,
find the penal colonics all came within the range of their exbanstive
eoesschts. The inumediate result of these labore was the passage of
Dil containing Title more than two provisions, provisions, however,
‘which have formed the foundation of the Brglis prison ayetan, ‘The
fra, intended to secure greater uniformity of disiplise,requieed magie-
tata to lay all propooed new regulations Uefore a secretary of wtate,
‘who waa empowered Wo altr, add to, or rect thom, and, ia the last
fee, to substitute olers in their stoud, The second provision of the
fact gave the eooretary the all more important power of appoiaing Bee
inapectore of prisons in Great Britain. ‘The inapectors wore immedi
ately appointed by Lord Melbourne, and at the wegen? request of the
Dake of Ricimond's committe, Scotland, where the prisons were in. aa
execrable state, was made the special province of one of them. ‘The
fgentleman selocted for this important poat was Mr. Frederick Hil, a
Younger brother of that calightoned, humane and able magistrate, tho
Hou, Matthew Davonport Hill Recorder of Birpingham, A more forta-
nate choion could hardly bare boon made, Ia lees than ton sears, odor
his energetic administration, a eloan swecp was mado of al the old
prison abominations of Seotiand, and a new and improved system thor
‘oughly organized,

nthe eppaintment of the peloon Inepeetors, Bugland wes divided in
to threo distiets, tho Northera, the Southwesiora and the Home, |For
the Home distriet two iepectore were appotnted, Messrs. Crawford and
useol, the latter of wom lad been chaplain of tho Miibaak Penitem
tiary, and whose evidence before the Richmond committee way by far
the mast important given. Their fret repove, presented in Much, 1826,
feaused no Tittle wties Te consisted msinly of  merciles exponace ofthe
fbominations in Newgate prison. Not an individual tu axy way cone

Joonaittee, though Leary praived for their elfdenial
td esridully, coming in fora share of thei impartil atrletttes, Meosrs.
Crawford and Russell had been dieccted to fod solution for the ques
tion, "what ie to be done with juvenile convicts?” The question was by
no mesna.a new one. Howard, and till more Hauway, bad written and
foiled much to catablish a better metbod of treatment for delinquent
childeon; and not without cousidersble effect. Inoculated with thle
Acctrine, « nomber of kindhearted Chilatian gentlemen, iu 1988, found

ap wrote Nowa, a fr sagt pene rom
ean ned, one thts Ma ad tenet mentor ate ey

84 mE PROGRESS oF

‘6d the Philanthropic Society, snd established as asylum forthe eduostion
of convict’ cildren and the reformation of eiminal boys. Tn 1806, the
Society was incoiporated by act of parliament, and Use xylem roorg sn”
jew Tnite acer form, it was triple ination, One department ras
A prison school foe young eoavicts; another, a manalactory for Uae eam
lopment of deste bayas and the third, a training school for pauper
fils. ‘The year before, a Refuge for tho Destitnt, intended eet for
the reception of discharged praoners, was opened at Hoxton. a V8,
thamagistrates uf Warvrickslice established, at SheitowonDynsmore, a8
Aslam onthe Reoonsto of Javed, “te potetsee” ays
Me. Clay, jonio, “in all reapects, of more moviera roormatory se
Serer ats he peters eine aa hana Bente orcad
Moose of Occupation tended primarily and ehtedy for boys and gia
who had shown hopeful sis of conttition in the Briexell, thong jn
Cocrgible children of ferble parent were alao admissible. About tho
tame tine, Mrs, Fes and her Indy eondjutra instituted a House uf Din
‘ipline at Chelags for vicious and neglected give. Rathortor, « Child
fouls Friend Society, orzanined through the exertions of Captain Brenton,
‘opened an industrial ohool Tor boy-vagranta at Hackneywick, and axe
bother for destitute girls at Chiswick. The chilen fom these two achools,
fwhen uticiently reformed, wore acu as emigrants tothe Cape of Good
Hope. A bolder phllantatopist, Hoary Wilcoo,ereated and managed,
single-handed, « School of Industry fur young thieves at Woolwich, Tho
Richmond coamitiee had gathered a mass af evidanoo jn thewo veforaae
tory ineitutlons for young crimizale, and an it had founded a proposal
for ths ablition of Ui boys” hall at fo making roformatorios ao inte=
eral pnt of the prison system of Bugland. Cu the oconmondation of
‘the inepectars forthe Homo disteet, Loed Job Rusaell, who ha already
‘ppropeiated the task of prison reform io parliament, had procured the
ppattege of an act for onnding a Reformetory for Boye at Parkharat, in
the Tale of Wight, by which it was hoped thatthe problem of the tree
rent of juvenile tramagressore would bo effctually and entisfactorily
toleed, “This eftabichment, ganized and lauacliel upon tho sea of ex
peviment fo 1858, is at uace’a yelvonsclioc, © manafuctory, and a Tara,
‘The young offender commences his tarm ge a elitary prsouor, and grad:
tuslly develope into su epprentice, or fara laborer.

‘The Paviharet Reformatory was but a part of the uew penal aystem
hich the goreruiment proposed to erate, Traaeportation haa grown
fit eo loath
ot of tot soliton, which the nations! zelishnese forbade, but of some

smendment. ‘The scene, when fst adopted by Five government, had
fact with goneral favor, Howard and his fiends being the only aroouou
opponents. Twenty years after Howard's death, Bentham and Romilly
renewed the ory ageiat transportation, aud, from that time, it beceaa
the object of increasingly veboment attack. Stl, the system throve,
with Lind of putrescont vitality and vigor, €ll Archbishop Whately,

‘PRISON REFORM m ENGLAND. 85

thro letters on ‘Praneportation to Enel Grey, with Tuetd and trenchant
Aagis, convinoad all, who wore not ofcially ot otherwise incapable of
convitian, of the enormon evil of the eystem; "a aystem Cho #478)
‘begun in defiance of all reazon, end continued in defiance ofall experi=
‘ene Ip 1681, Sir William Molesworth, in concert. with Dr. Whately,
‘blained a corimittes on transportation, ‘The Tevelatioum of thi com
bitce, into the detsils of which we have neither apace nor inclination to
fntor, were equally loutherome and appaling. In. view of thom, our
favor cays: "Altogether, may te doubted whether in any come
Shunt that ever existed, te bestlal snd devilish elomenta of humanity
wore evre ny fearlully developed, ae in New South Wales and Yan
Divmen’s Land thiety years age. One people there once was, hick
right bave vied ia sin with oor Avatralian progeny, aad that people
{God expunged from off the face of the earth with five and brimstone:
‘The commitice recommended the instant abolition of the system of trane-
‘he substitaion of confinement, in penitatiaties,
fall that Sir ‘William Molesworth could do,
was marted by 8 proporal that the penitentisries should be eveted not
thom, but in Awstealis, The publication of this commitiee’s repor
fn 183, raleod the question of prion disciple into greater importance
than ever
Tn the adeond report ofthe inspectors for tho Nome district, Messrs.
Crawiord and Ruswell drew an laborate comparison between the silent
and separate syotems of prison discipline, Thole evtielma shook the
public faith ia the former considerably. ut it was their thd report
fi 1896,—after Howards book the moot ipovtant rolune ia the Listory
‘of prison discipline ever published,—that socured tho fal tciumph of
thetefavovite chory, imprisonment onthe principle of ecparation. Tt 0
Dbapponed that a Grehad bormt down tw ofthe pentagons ofthe Ailbank
Inepectare eid on the opportunity, which tbo
ustesction ofbred, for eying, with al the pro-
fessional aeiatanco they could command, scores of experimonta in cll
building and prizon-allding. To work out tho problem of prisuu archi
tectare more fall, Lord Joba Rute gave then at  enadjator captain
(aftarmards major genera! Sie Joshna) Jebb, who was at the came timo
pyointed to tha nowoffce ofeueveyor generac prison, am oes which
fooatitutd him prison atcbtest‘i-chiet to the whole Kingdom. The
three performed their task welland thoroughly, Thou sume mistakes,
almost ss a patter ofcourse, wore made, ita sil not boon necoasary
to modify, iu any important reapest the plans aod ralow far prinon-alld-
Ing, wie weer lal down im the inspectors Wied report Peior to ile
pablioatin, Lord olin Russel ad bronght. im « bracts of till, i ac-
Svrdance with the siows and principe embodied fait. ‘The one wa the
fot for creating the Parkharst Reformatary, alceady noticed; the par-
pose ofthe otber was to establish the separate eystem of imprigenment,

86 ‘THR PROGRESS OF

‘The former was passed immediately; the fatter not until the following

Mesevs, Crawford and Russell had strongly urged Tord Soho to build
‘model prison, snd accordingly, in 1889, he asked parfament fr tho
requisite grant and authority. Both wore readily yieMed and, in the
‘suture of the same your, Sir Joshaa Jobb wan commissioned to” choose
‘site, prepare plans, and commencp operations, The site chosen was
tt Pentonville, ear the aot which Howard bad selected sixty yeare ber
fore for his povitentiary. Ou the 16th of Apell, 1840, Lord Malmesbury,
ts bome secretary, Isid the cornerstone, and, in December 1843, the pr
‘son was opened forthe reception of convicts upon the separate plan, | In
Octabor of the felloeingg year, a cotridor of reparato cells waa brought
{nto veo at Preston; and about midawmmer of 1844, a large new prison,
Dilt on the model of Pentoneille, was opened at Reading. It was
rainly in these three prisons that the problem how to combine reformer
ton with punishment, 90 far a8 England is concerned, was worked out,
"The mode of tweatment adopted in each was cxsentally diffrent; and
the history of prison disiplie in Great Britain for the next fow year is
2vonnd wp with the history of these thie lstitotios,

‘The Pentonville prison was meant to serve 8 double purpose, for the
‘government lad a double problem to aolee: fet, whut system of disi-
Dline to establish in the country ; and, second, how to dispose of “gove
ernment conviets"—conviets, tat is to gay, sentenced to transportation,
or some equivalent punishment. Hitherto the destination of guch eons
vote had licen the Milbank pesitentiary, the hale, or the pen colonies.
Te would oceupy too much space to enter into a detail of the penal eye
tem in Anstralia, though such a detail would not be without interest to
the general reader, Sufice it to aay that into this ayster, which had
rot yot been sbandoved, despite all the argument and all te efrts ofits
‘opponents, the model peison at Postonville was incorporated, ‘The
design was, if possible, to traneform the moat hopeful portion of Engl,
folonry into honest emigrants before they were dispatched to Australia,
To this end, a select amber of boalthy Young ennviots, onder short wen
tences of transportation, were aent to Pentonville, whee they remained
cightees months tobe taught tadessnd tobe reformed, Oathalr entrance
they weve given to anderstand that “the prison was the porlal to the
penal colony,” and that their states in Avstralis would depend upon
their conduct in Pentonville. Bat, besides Zoviing’ an imp
Of the new pooal mystet, the Pentonville penitentiary was intended 10
ferve ag a model of prison construction sud. piso
‘whole country. The government of the prison was vested in « board of
leven commissioners, who virtually deputed the management to two of
their number, Messrs. Craveford and Russell. Those gentlemen were
‘horougirpaced advocates of the Pennaylvania eyetem. They were
imbued with unlinited faith in the sefocming potency of solitude, Ox

PRISON REFORM I ENGLAND, aT

their theory, the more complete the isolation, the more reformatory the
fnthience, ‘Tho eeparation of the prisoners was, therefore, made as pex
fect a8 it was ponsiile fo make st, But in all minor details, the dieei-
plinc established at Pentonville was wise aid bumane, ‘The officers of
the prison wore carefily selected, the convicts wore treated with unik
form ecurtesy aod kindness, and tho proportions of tine allotted to
fnbor and instrvetion wore carefully balanced. Tho chaplalo, the Rew.
Joseph Kingsmill, wos « person of great intelligence and jadgment. From
the Hest, he disented froin the ultra theories adopted at Pentonville, and
it isto him, chilly, that the sulizequent matientions, itiguting the rige
cor of the discipline, wore die, “He was one of the frst to perevive the
teal useof separation, “Weare led by our own cbeerwation,” he wrote
{in 1848, to valuo ft litte as an active agency for reforming eviminaly,
Dut allow it a high place as auaitiary, iu general, to that which i
eformatory in the Righest degreoChrietian Instruction ja the bands of
Giuvistian men:

"The experimentat Reading was tried with the same teal and hamanity:
fas at Pentonville, aod wivler the auspices of « chaplain flly Me. Kings
tills equal in hearty energy, the Rev, Jubn Field, one of the best
Knowa and most shorvuginpaced advocetes of the separate system, The
‘eficecy of total jeplation in prodeing reformation was accopted in all
ita breadth: Bat, instead of the wholesome labor, which was the beat
branch of the discipline at Pentonville, a fallacy, styled by the Berke
shire magiatrates “corrective education,” was grafted on the system,
“Tein quite evident to as! theee eaplont gentlemen suid, “thas if we
‘wore to offor any mode of employment, and to give tho prisoner an
Siterest in what he was doing, we should Tose entirely the eontrol which
swe have aver his mind ; he wowld he thinking of his ade instead of bi
iostraction.” In elloet, the doctrine held at Reading, was, that the
felonteformora should got their patients? minds under thee “entire com
tol," and then give them, ax Mr. Clay phrasen it, “an edacational
shampooing.” Tu this end, the privonert were ““emplared in sothing
Dut education?” ‘They learned lesgona from moraing to night, and what
rade the matter worso was, that the Bible was the ebief leeeou-book. It
twas committed ta memory by wholesale ; whole books, nay, almost. the
entice New Testument, was loaraed by heart. by emiaently etndions

sos. "To shost,” ssid « somewhat irreverent punster, ‘it was the
Reai—Read-—Reuding jail." “Really, Lomght to call your jail a univer
sity of the highst onder,” wae the remark of an ainosed peer, after
Iheaving the discription of i given by the chairman of the Berkshire
visiting justices, in his evidence before the Lords? comaitteo on trane-
portation, in 180%,

"The cellular aystem eetabished at Proston was widely different from
the discipline both at Pentonville and Reading. Mr. Clay had adean
tages which neither of bis brother chaplsing Mr. Kiagemill or Mr. Piel,

88 ‘THE PROGRESS OF

posewed, At the tne the experiment was commence he had quite
Tom the condone f Oe mapiatatea, andi» hin atten to develop
Ts plana bo we vot Intpoet to ay Sta defen, wih oer bev
{imei bt lowed 1 put he Own doctrine In practi otboot he
rane The "spurte nytemy” ar Snrodeed nd: raced. the
Preston prison in ezntanen wih Me, lnys views, eee dented
Ina provos part ofthe pctot pps, ted need wot be rapeated. le
tho atmos houghtfanen, He never eof the reigns taehing to
tna the privonor to welcome religion ta an alleviation of hi panic
tent Bo won have Brn the nat to al no the mistake, eonied
fe cons prison, of preeibng © cela slgionw dean fr te ene
i more epnsane obi fstngs thon to enforce Bed epee
tren ena par ofthe dntiplie. Ife tan, rom pec o choles, hed
Becn lito recive in mpivon tho et iezam of whet heat kro and
Dave to is sos healthy Me, lay would do ll that layin his power
tomate te wcmory of et fat heen sphabent one nite menery
of an then, tsi pian tae, bat of 2 protow oom, whch bod
odered ever the bani cellatakrable, perchance happy ex, WH
pesmnal interviews withthe prisons ftir eal all ylted po
Tope teen of dred xacos
The quston vas warmly debated sboct hls Une, whether the re
fometion of the orinina o the protection of salty whe the pry
chet ot imprconment.-A pacisnentary comin wie extn &
triton intently Tet pte epnton, "tne tre wore two modes
a pevcling ering ove by refining prisoner, Cm othr by deterring
fel Gheacter fromthe conmavon of cima For thie judge he
Eiahop Whatny wits: "We eamet adn at he veharmatey of he
tay, but cannot necomrilybalong to 8 penal sytem.* Abstacly,
real queton i wich clan of agencien—therfonstory eth ator:
nicl bo und mont oetive fu proventing eres, abi all eda
{sete dco aud mediate bet pnitwent hs Clay malta
5, nitinnch envetaes, in oppsion to tho brbihoy Gad meny
‘her lard and cle met, that reformation ie move eventa clamor
leated yon the gest majriy trisomy 0 are he vn pra)
reid adr” mtn who bo tela on nen impale nd
aennnlly wer the ataence af dink. Now, on th on han seth er
tons, being save tothe hb of drink, were coreby all nigh robe
at thts ratonal power, ad, therefor, wth respect to em, preven

PRISON REFORM 18 ENGLAND. 89

tive aystem, which invalved an appeal tothe reason, would seem all bat
impotent. Yet, on the other band, these incipient crimiuale were the
‘vory men whom it was mot posable to reform snd to restore to liberty,
solbered and in thei right mind. “This alone proves,” sald Mr. Clay,

that mere detervent agencies are iaguflciut; wlmoct al crime aprings
‘rom drwakenness, und nothing can deter a being 40 jerational ae
Arulkard." He save thoreore,feom the frst, thatthe real protlem waa
to devise somo method of treatment which would combine both punish
ment and reformation. Separate eonfviement modifed and mitigated as
in the Preston discipline, ia his epinion, made the complete solution of
this problem possible, It was ceribly penal; yet, as a ral, its effect
twas not to exasporato or harden; and it belped, instead of precluding,
the meliorating and purifying inflaaces of religion.

Sie Robert Peel was driven from office In 1847, in consequence of the
repeal of the cora laws, and Lord John Rnesell suocceded to the vachut
premiership. A thorough discnssion of the erimiual question was had
Both in and ont of parliament, which kad considerable eect in monlding,
the measures of tho ministry. Barly jn the year, the Uolowial Home
Sooretaries, Bael Grey and Sie George Grey, anounced the scheme,
‘hich they had jointly devised. It consisted, first, of arelormatory stage
of imprisonment upon tse separate plans eccondly, of a probationary
stage of association on public works at home; aad thindly, of transporte
tion to such of the penal eolunies ae wore willing to recvive them. Aw
the Pentonville and Sflbank prisons could farmish oly about half the
umber of cells required for the fest stage, the governnenthied ranges
of cells in various cvnnty prisone,—Waketleld, Preston, Reading, &e.
‘As the only accommodations for prisoners undergoing the second stage
‘were fonr sets of bulks at Woolwich, Portsmouth, Gibraltar and Bes
‘oui, which were but wrotched makeshift a the lent, Si Joahus Jebb
‘was commissioned, in the summer of 184%, to construct cellular bar.
‘ack, and prepare’ a complete peusl establishment on Portland Ieland,
‘where it was intended to employ about a thousand convicis'on. the eon
struction of breakwater. Abundant. promises were held ont of tho
speedy abolition of the hull system, but, in epite of public indignation
And remonstrance, the English holke were not abandoned tll 1858, nor
‘those at Gibraltar tll 1869. One ie atill in tue at Beswurt, though it
confessed, oven in oflcal report, that all the. ubominations poculie to

milks are thero forced into feightfal maturity and vigor by the heat of
theelimate

‘The controversy about prison discipline, which was revived ia 1847,
increased in intonsity the next year, waxed stil warmer in 1849, and
culminated in 1850, Almost tho entire preas, whic had in the main
favored separation im 1841, gradnally veered round lato. brisk hostility
‘The Times, the Daily News, the facetious Puvch, and other newspapers
took part in the assault, Nor did the journalists enjoy a. monopoly ot
‘the coutest, ‘The air was almost darkened by the multiude of pame

00 ‘THR PROGRESS OF

lets and magatine stiles which were ina fom the pres. Many
fron the guste of ieratre tok port int cmtovorsy. Ca
Spe anche! ie “Mota Prison” a he eleored ystony ao Dickens,
Inthe tal nubee af" Darl Gopertla” gure ft the “mn aking
bai” catof all, Phelan Taito etens, Uva Teep #
cer penitence and deeply ame took leave of th paleo the
Elaracter o's model prisoner the ceive Agu ms encling group
SevtatiJotca Tver fos of tho carestre al poweflly spon
the Beiuahpablic, ich suche apt to Ueleve, without gacston, In De
SSourdiy ef everyting, wich weve Picled."Theelitore and
the luerary magaoten Sled, indeed to dpet the eoporete ayster, bat
thet es profucd considerate fue," "h poral rnsion again te
formstoy dace ent n which spc ed tlre sigaly clan
tresure, erent, Bn the renton agaist fe met of nce
Teweor whieh andthe method ef Indulgence th pc oul ce ne
Sitermey revived oe insta fm a paramentaty. commen
{orto prison dacpingsoteoverny raged ax vigorously fn pariament
teitail ont doom,” Lord Brough bot talc of Upp Hoare;
Me. Chaviee Penson inthe Lower. "Theater gontlonan wan a sen
tie opponent of ie septate agian, sid hd, Sndod, pledged bielt
io evince to. vory tat witoans calle efre the commits
Sir denna Sebb, proved that Me. Penson wotld nd Hew hard tsk to
Fede hi promis to yl dow and dntry th eam separa I
Proonment, Da te wala qucstin, whether the apse sould We mal:
{ened orm Me Pears wn tb sary wate rote. ‘There mas
werent ditty in determing what wants separate ye
tem for there were mo Tess than fv ditict ariatons cllining ti
proval. Fit, ere was the dscpine of Penton, now miigted
Up tmrcutue, i Beconly, thee was the wendesteat dicing
SUN Sourshingat Reading, ‘Tied here swe he some an
tpetam, hea fn parti operaion st Biemioghum, ander ih onapics of
iis itngsishel author, Gupta Machonoctie. Footy, there wan
tacllfencn {ine Engh oqutealent he ot yet been exoed), With
andlor a rants and iniaycontivancen forced at Wincherer,
ted in ill wore pouitve form at Lele. Ang, Al, her was
fies yaten,” ill ooking with gest sore 64 no amback
Preston, After aamining mang whinewet aod ser lng dlveueion
Of he nie question, te Gemmiiceroperea stony in fave of the
Siscipie of wlich Me. Olay was the ont prominent aocate. Eeory
cacti of vgidlslaton, for which he bed contended, a8
PBntialy commended Indesd, west praceal Gniplinarans ere
Fanily enbracing be opinion’ The experiony of afew: years he
failed to pore fies arondac, At he great WakeSld. pine, fr
{ap after replacing te allot withthe separate este, th Juels

RISON REFORM IN BNGLAXD, m1.

eran with Peutoniian rigor, on in es than two yours adopted alt
the Preston modification. “Sil, the: comics hauled sf some
athod of treatment more sharply penal san that us Presonacemed
to, Unfotuately, they tok the Lricoer Jl a the tod! for na
tion, a this jal thricnore had eran in thelr cally nd wero
forced to ten the handles 14,000 tines a tay” If they reeed ta wore
they weve ged on sara no ulin, ‘the Ck win
the separate syrem was tho very ting the pie had been coving fon,
Weatsfod the requirements f Punch, th editore the’ ltsrey mcg:
Te wos in vain thae Be Clay, Me Pod, and
rwotested that tho altary cel withoutany addon wae teat
Bena te vory verge of sty, twas inv Cat Me, Osborae
ath, who spoke from what he had scon in his ow ul, tigatond
erokslabor ns tortor, and foretold he inevitable coneguencen It wo
snly believed that there a a reforatory aswell as deterent
tency in the appointed 12000 rersltons yer om, Among the eulice
converts tothe effeny af the aharger dscipline were he borough fx,
tices of Beminglan. ‘They, therein, eased tho booovlene Cepia
Machonosbi, si appointed in his placo a lor Sacpinaian, why wes
daly ietracted to adopt and pot fn foro deterrent methods Att ad
of two yon, the pubio became ansiow that the new goveres eel
sive an aconut of his stewardship, more were aloe, wih called
fox Investigation. The sickening tngedy brought to gt by the fn
auity elicited a unnvinous ontburst of indignation fem th wale
ity. One poor fad rogsirl hy tho stern exactions of the detrnne
system to tara th hand ofa tif crank 10,00 ions des tad bole
awl, of what ia ore key, enable, to pesfonm the tak had eee
driven, hy stnrvings, logging, drenchings with eat waick sod ght
steapninge to his cil wall inthe atitado of evelBson, to bang bine
sell “Other storie, iusteativ of the methal of uakindsor, wot oe
Anite asrevolting a thi, and not «few minor atocttee, mers sake sp
fd brougt to light inthe course of the favestigaion, "When th ie
auicy at Mirmingham ja was over it was thought adsfeale tn sayjoct
the jul at Leicster, the prototype and modelo crask-taring dap,
to snila scrutiny. eappeat that ier too, tho loa hd hg
breakers nd teen driven into Gere clin, and hat faitore ud ores
keys bad boon fred to strange extremiten, aot to aap avec sot
rages, ia the endeavor {0 coerce, stubborn convicts ito conensity
with an dntrinsically and radically perucious apotem, Te te nguiy
Jad been extended to ater pritona, not to be doubted th like re
sulle woo have appeared
Bat it was not aeceenry to prave tho sickening search. ‘The inven
tigations at Biraagham and Teicester were enuugh, ‘They intatly
Produced a sirongrenctionugaint tho dotrroatpoey and the methad
Af igor and onkindaon, The very editor, pumpletecra and memture
‘of plimen, whose speeches and writings had ed athe adoption of

oe

es

inrencanis

92 mun PnoaRES oF

‘he syste, now joined inthe choras of indignation sgainst the onfortene
tte jetions acd jets, who had eared lo thelr turderoes bat logical
{alta he principles which they: themselves hid preached but three
hort yoere belure. But the salion bad. grown weer by experienoe,
‘When once it waa demonstrated that they ineritatiyengendoved either
staid ne fercis, craks flowed treads nto the limbo f ex
Pedients abandoned ‘as acleen or preniioes. The dectrine that the
Teligine rofemation of the priser shal be tha paramount object of
{rncn dicing, to lich all other aims shogkd be both abordinate
Ent suervont now rou fom the dub pition of theory into tho
digoity of an esablabed aso,

By dogees, te pinsipio of separate impriconment became widely eo
talled spon se Boglish pons! system. In 1856, in on hendved wod
Eenty of te Roglish pst, about ove thd of the whole amber, the
fepurate ayetcm was tally torrid ont; iuen many mors, partly,
Ihe the remaining third wore cher om Ue eilontapstom oc fu th ok
Aisordenly wate, [0 the many prion baile since then, the cellular
onruetion as ben, wilient an exception adapled, Gradually, too,
‘he aver variations of the aystern ate opprosmading to wnifermityy
fod the special form of disipline, Kev fashioned and brought ite ee
by Mr. Clay, i winning acooptanee ar the standard type. ‘The pesoo-
stvat Realiog, evo, re now act iligeoty at work, ‘The maska, chapel,
aes an alning eagen have long been abolihet a Penton
fever tow prison fs bul, an aostere dacplive Is apt tn be otaiched
Se Na afer ie pare early ea be aed
Fata conformity withthe pattern Preston. Oplaion in England Io vow
Almowe unanimous in favor of modified separation, or that “mize se:
fear” innugurat ty Me Olay in the Preston Honse of Coveeeion, and
found by experience to bo equally fevorsble both tn the reformation of
fhe pinaer and the pr ie meatal and Bly health

1 baa not been ou parpare, a the terest paper (simply, howeres,
forthe aut of space for cuch a doaig) to or way Mutratians uf tbo
‘erplnn adoptod fa the ngish penal colons f Australia, But how
ing, a prosuting paregreph, incidentally refered to Oaptain Bachom-
cle, we canootforbeat bret oti of his remarkable experiment on
he very morn clues of convietn om Norfole Inland. ‘Tot dlciling
‘riginsied Uy this gettlemaa fy Kaew to penclogiets der the desig:
futon of the warkeyaiem. This epeiom testo on fo chief priniplos +
1, Towtead of «tan eentence it lite Isboreentece, thos setting
fhe convicts to earn back their frredom with the sweat of their bow
2-1e teachin the primers auitdona, by enabling them to parehace =
peedior tonaination to ie slavery by th saclice of precataniaal
Fndalgence, “8. Knppenl to their cil quater and makes the pl
ners thomaclvesenajstoes i the prowervatisn of discipline, by ving
‘hen an ieterest in each otha’ good behavior. 4 Tepneparea tem fot

[PRIGON REPORYE IF ENOLAND. 93

restoration to society, by gradually relaxing the restraint on thee con-
{het and teasing loti powers of seltgovernsnoe, To eazy out thuea
Jrisipee, Captain Machooustle tested tho eavict ax Intover, with
Iburkefor'wager, sod raguced bith to aac certain number am he oe
Aiton of hs cicherg, ‘These rnrka bad an alteraative lao; they
Ciuld either purcase extra fod, orth deution of eo maay day fom
ho centenons He fxed ua ten matko aa a far doy’ wages the men
being paid by pisce wor, and mot by tne, and fr every tan marks be
avid, the convieeabortzned a tr ty. At the stores be par
‘hase daily ia necessary supplies, paying for thm io marke,

Slow for overwork and bard work, it was posible toad at tho
Tatoo eight orton a day. The marks, ton, fealehed tho mesne of die
‘plisey puuieboen, » proportionate Ane blog the ponelty fox every
misconduct. And while, by thi mackioory of marke, Copal
LMachonochie touined hin const to selena and utry, ho secured
in aor ahijeot by difornt mean. Ie divided the convot!seatnces
into free jertda, Duriug the Sect, or penal stage, the men worked
Under sharp, eelngent discipline, At the eonelnion of thi, they were
Slowed to form thetaaivee nto companion of riz ack (blug lef to
Uuracives to choae thelr ow eompasioe), ad they thor entered the
foal etage. In th tho ee bad common fad of marks nto which
daily earings ofeach were pai, and fom which the fo and Bon
‘reach wore deducted. ‘They were thes made responitlo foreach odes
‘condnct. Moreover, by thiemeane,Captsia Macheusehia, who well ew
‘he ence aclfatss of crite, hoped to implant Madly aad sia

Te wae four years on Norful Toland. He thew hitzol, boar and oa,
into tho work of segenorating the degraded brotes wbo fared its popu:
Inton He uit tures, established schol pore d cate
lint on Sundays tolod av miiatering dono, haga. Day ad night

‘ie bene was Incomanty busy, elaborating nse expodient wheraby to
Taleb fata srge out of bet lst nd demonic ligt ato
rieapecy, loyally, and han action, Ei mnaens wen wonder,
Toph he was never alowed to ive bie ayatem a fale al.” His ow,
tinea fas 1 found fe (Norful Taland) « tarbalnt, bral bl
Tlefeite wel onaced comenanity> A tral hore soul

04 tm PROGRMSS OF PRIGON NEFORME 1 ENGLAND.

‘Bat we mast draw our article 10 eclose.Taatend ofthe old and cum
Irons machinery by which the Rogtich convict aystem bad been worked,
eee was pasted in 1850, ctwating board, three in warner, of
Mhiotors of convict prison” of which Sic Josbua Jebb was made
‘Ghaivman, and almost the entire control of the goverament prisons was
Todged in his bunds -

‘tre Milbank prison and the establishments at Pentonville, Portland,
Dartmoor, Portsmouth, Briaton and Chatham, with the hospital prison at
‘Woking, ecrve forall government convicts from Ragland, Seotland and
Wales,” Ireland has her own convict prisons, which, like those of Bag.
nn, are ueder the control of a board of three directors, The Trish

‘I ive peouliar to itself, which it owes
penal system has s acteme of discipline peculiar to i
he govun of Sie Walter Orofino dieiplinarin of he eto
St Captain Machonochi, who wes destined (so aay ont thor) to im
rove, develop, and in fact, almost perfect bie master’s theories.” He
ride “Ife Clay and Captain Machonochie had eat down together to
‘Tnalgamate their opivions anid combina thelr experienco for the produc-
fon af u completo scheme of convict diciplive, they could hardly have
produced anything more perfect in teory then the Irish convict aystem
Brim actoal fac” So think Lord Brovgham, Recorder Hill of Bizmiog
hem, and Aten Mary Carpenter, with a crowd of tease lights, | From this
‘Tig, the Tate Sir Josbua Jeb and his followers dsentol, brisk
Controversy, and one marked by some aspetity both of Feling and lane
i tween the advocates of
igre, has boon going on for several yours, botwoes,
Spe Sival aysteme of Sir Joeha Jebb and Sir Walter Crofton. No doubt
erin thiveountry, have ml to Learn from the resent progres af prison
‘Hecipline both in Bogland and Teeland, and from candid and earnest
Stade ofthe two eyatoms, to which reference has just been made, There
onc space for wuch. an sguiry at tho present time, On some future
‘osastou, we may. call the attention ofthe readers of tia journal to the
Canject, in an article on the present systems of prison dacipline Sa Beg-
Tend and frelend. We have altenptod litsle more, in the present paper,
than to condenge our author's six hundrod and twenty-one pages iato the
bie compass in which tho bistory is hore offered to our readers, We
take leurs of bim with our thanks (or his entertaining aod inetrwetive
Carative, end eowmoad his volome to all who ae an interest im such
Inguiieg, as storebouse of facta, argameuts and iluatrations om the
{important aubject of prison discilin

REGONE ON THR PENAL SYAPEM OF MASGACHUSETTS. 95

a)
‘THE PENAL SYSTEM OF MASSACHUSETTS.
New England, athongh not without ite camplomont of faults, bas by
reneralaaeont been declared the most humane, eultiwated and religlous
portion of the United States, Sonie of ita conceded excellence may be
Siomorited, and much of its imputed faultinese may bo undeserved.
Lut the comnun schoo! and the penal aystem of Maseachasett, beyond
f peradventore, deserve all due etedit which has been accorded to them
‘by theie most sealons friends,
.yotem of Maasachusotta ia not however free from defects.
fyatoun Haelf than in its application,
‘The best has been made of  aystem defective ia itself Honaty and
benevolence have been freely yielded after the victim has reached the
prison door, wien justice would oflen have roseaed him from it
Uharity and benovoicnee lave been made the fovsdation stone of the
strvotar whoa single jastioe feom omer to exp atone, would have
been @ better foundation

"To «fui judguaent of the comparative merita of « penal system, i
prudent ta direct attention to the classes of its penal insttutiona and
{heir machinory; to its provontive measures for tho represen of exis
‘nthe initiation of crieninal proceeding; to its eode of erimes; 0 the
formal pleading q
tothe tribnnala of tial and sentence; to ita ayrtem of prison disciplines
{the moral atmosphere of the prison; to the reformative agents and i
stitutes; o the relations of cbactable aud pesitentiary laste; to
prisons and prisoners, and to the effecta of poverty, vice’ and lack of
Jabor. Thess are all outuslly dependent and cxeootial to just appre-
ciation of the merits and e due estimate of the defects of the peual
tyatem of Massachusetts,

‘The preventive measures sod the entire practical detail of the system
may be boat lesrnod from tho statute book, but some few points may be
briefly toucled upon,

Aanesrs, Paoescrmost, £0.

‘The practice of avrvating without lngal warrant ia a subject of delicate
ingerost in any penal aysem, An afer, by the law of this state, may
arcent without warraat, sey one disturbing’ the peace, or in case of riot
for esesul im hie prosener, or in case of reasozablo suspicion of felony.
‘Any offence punishable in the State Bison for the term of one yosr oF
‘mote, is deSixed aa e Felony. Any privato individual fas wright to ax-
rest on roasonable augpicion of felony; but ho arrests on bie perl, sub.

96 ‘REPORT ON THE

Ject tho evil remedy of the party arrasted, if ft shall appear that no
‘fence hae boen commited,

Prosecations ate instituted elther by complaint Uo a police magistrate,
‘or police cat o bulbre a grand jury. Whether tha grand [ary ayetett
tthauld be continued, and i contiseed, whether under it preseat orate
reformed practice, le a question we have up space more than to name.
‘Tho eerecy af the grand jury sod the ex pare natare of ite heariige may
Delereafter modded and adaptad inore exactly to necane at once the

bry aud scourity of the individual, and the just rights of the comma
nity.

‘Tho detail of crimes and penaltos would involve too ange a draft ap
tn the sittnte book for out apace, babe single topic wil ot be ou of
place

‘Ti only crimes punishable with deoth ano rape and murder inthe frat
degree

‘the eystom of law in vegard to homicide was materially improved at
fe eecodifcation of the genaral Tawa In the your 1880, By that act,
murder was divided into two degeees: when committed with deliberate
Ty premeditated inaiceaforethowga, of in tie commission of or ettenpt
commit say crime patishable with death oe imprisonment fer Iie, oF
committed with extreme atvority or cruelty, i i held to be Sn the Gat
Segroe: marder, not appeating tn be in the Bret degrec, is marder in the
eoond degree, The pinlalinent for mavder in the rst degree fs deat
thet for musdee fn the secoi degtee ie imprisonment inthe wate prion
for life, The deus is to be found by the jury as part of tho eve, when
there fea tral by jury, Ow plan of guilty of musder in the Meat de-
free, ft has recently boon hel, [in dhe case of Edward W. Greon for the
Imurder of Frank Goaveree, inthe balding of the Malden Dank, that a
single jodie coay legally proceed to sentence of death, without any sub
inission ofthe questi ofthe degrer of murder to a jury

‘ta Pots Ser

‘Tho police aystom of Massachusetts ls, with fow exceptions ofa high
‘onder, and its incumbents of high personal character and peaceable die:
posits, Inthe rural distiets the town coustable is generally a tan
content to mind his own business and Int others mind thes; lita noisy
brawler or a rmoddlesime diaturber of tho peace ia constantly setting
Inzooont villagers together by the cart. In the cities, and especially in
the tectropolis, th pole consists ofa mixture of the best aod the worst
‘order of the policeman, ‘Those who lave been long upon the hardest
routes become harlened and regardless ofthe exact rights of others. By
ccureying favor with thove and Keeping on the right side of thew, dram
‘shops, brothels, nd rororta for the lowest thioves are undisturbed for
{yeare, at woe to her er him who has the misfortone, intentionally, ao
{idontally or othorwiso, to Snour the dieplonsuro of auch ficiala. There
Jano eud tothe uce be nay make of his ofc, both ia advancing jstico

PEKAL SYSTEM OF MASSACHOSETTS. 7

tnd injustice, particularly the latter, As a malicious persccutor and
Serie ete ate ol he ra eo iene eared
‘against him. ' Upon the witness stand be (tho informer and tho
And the worat specimen ofthe swift witnens.” It is no, therefore, wit
fut reaton that tome hove clained thatthe original rule of the eadly
‘common law should be restored, which prohibited any eoevietion of the
ing’ subjects atthe proscention of the envwa, ou the uacorroborated
teatiaony of officers of the governmont; wo stict wore the guardians of
the poopl'svighte in those days in securing them beyond all power of
possible eoutsl af garconment ffoels, A five government has habitus
‘ted ws to more confident, and possily a ontidence not wholly desers=
‘ad, in thoce oflces, leaving the question of motive, iategriiy and-trathe
fulness tothe futelligence cf the jury; and this woald be a safe reliance
sencraly, were it not that by an acbieary ction that jury and he poe
‘ner ato deprived uf the obit means of protection and of tformation fa
the aworn statement ofthe prisons.

There is ao class of eaacs in which the potty tyranny of « rade police
‘man is more habitually practiged than ip arvests and proseontions for
Intoxication and drankchness, Many auch arreate are made withoat
‘euuse, fom personal malice and apite, and many moe whore a kind word
of directiou and ansistance hoine would have done mote service to the
{ndividaal and to the publie. And it may at last be qutioned whether
treating jotoxication as a rime ix nota serious mistake, whieh should

© remedied by the subatitation of mote effective because more lement
‘and Inman romodios. Hf pergoa Is foun intoxietod in the wtrete or
{isturbing tho peace, he may bo carried to the station-honse and detain
fed util le ie eobary but Loyand Pe all punishment Fe of qnostionable
Utlty. The are no cases in which the right of personal freecom and
of domicil ara move habitnaly violated than in casts of real or prrtonded
intorienton. Legiaation on this subject lias been gradually growing
‘more tomate, aid may yet tench a standard of justice’ and humanity.
Draakerneas ia punished with a fine nut exceeding. five dallara forthe
frst offnee, and for any sebesquont repetition by 4 Be not excooding
fen dallas, or by imprisonment in Ube House of Goreeetion or House of
Trdastiy, not exceed ng theer months,
he aoner drunkenness is esogniaed and treated aga vlsand « dis
fens, the better for the Stato and for the dewekerd,  Massaclusotta ja
‘gradually coming round Wo this view Am attempt was ade at the last
Togisletues to found an Tacbriato Asylum, after the eeample at Bing
bamton, New York, but failed uf sncoras. We trust tin soon to be te
need.” The Washingtonian Homes, extablished aad supported by pri
vate bounty, ate as good sistitetes as cond be desired, but they do
Bot supersido the uevensty of auch a State establishent
laborating this topic as we could deste; but a
sid upon a single head having important selatons to the
Asser. No. 63,1

98.

re
Pesehlister for
Tron or Faas Wows

‘he ight ede of own pol tsi ond [a Ue rents
or moan fot wchnoiy of chtelr ed codes Th et ala
WG ies eae Sas ees eee weet

eee tucearenu Gow armen taste Senco es
Eutaoedl heb enn Saha ele De epuian ote oles

SET cavum ay tite panes in ih vie «poo
Seireiat fo toes igi vanes ma te Gogo fe ter do
finn and prove ett Ue feat ae ten pviouly
EDGE a eras mueel iomarier wenisen we Coe
berber peony peng el cog neta ers
LS Gr aaate contunyin oe or one eats
Sis Watares pr Curda oe measoae as
Se rey Guia eae crore
Tener eeatuur cay eeu Gulensr cacy
asta! beac wea ceases use ep
Su cans cgi aig cn ayasa Oh me at Seok
Bin cow cow

‘The claseee of penal intitatione, the machinery by which they are
cputd, aod ihe Intrnces witch gui andorra othe ob
Bscrlley arg cretiigere ee aise et

‘Tas Cuasets or Pest. Tieton,
‘There ate vartons classes of yetsona inthe perl egatem of Masaacho
setts, euch as the House of Reluemation for juvenile offenders, dhe, er

form Schoo! Toe Boys at Weatborw, the Naval Sehook for Buys, the Re-
form School for Girls, the Honse of Industry, the House of Correction,
tnd lastly, the State Prison at Chavlertows. "ANI of these several inal
ations wo cant diseuss in detall, but a few remuske upon two of them
wrll eae,

Tos Hove or Constcron ann State Piss

‘he Howse of Coveetion in Sultk County, and the State Prin at
Chasleston, have been ati to he the Feprestativ inaitetion of fro
Aiferent ystems af piaon dncpline; the one tht uf enay, band and
‘stig trouimen, ting the prisoner Fea hat his prison i a home aad
Wis Keepers bat te ntrurwena of taking We way 28 agrecele ax pos
sible and intrested iat hie futate tall inno. way. be slowed by too
Insts of bin pact es "Theater, theory and on principle boing
{hat prison sould be a prisen, ine ies] tenee of te tm, ate
the praoner towed in th oimital rather thon the bumsaiterian tome.
What foodation there may be for bllering that Theeo two diame
cally. opposite modes of dealing exist ler fn thoory or in practic,

Che tne inettions weeannot aver. Ile probable ust gud «lane.

PENAL SYSTEM OP MAssAcHUserTs 89

‘Gonmayexistin fancy rather than infact, or it exists ia fat that fee quite
‘4s much accidental az atentional. Weave, however, very decided eye,
ions, on prineiple, in reference to these opprsing aystoine. The path of true
discretion isto avoid either extreme of over severity or over leniency
but between theso two it may he hard to mediate wisely. once the
need of that large charity, that nataral kindness, tht impertarbable
good tempor, that shrewd diplomacy, that vasy diguity, fee alike of
harsh rebuke or unveholossme faraiinrity, whic vome fe nten only can
combine ud command. It ia better 4 ert on the side uf kindnooy,
leoieney, aud gentioness, than on that of harshness, coldness of rigor
‘There fs tittle if any danger that a prison will be made 50 excessively
agreeable as to tenpt and invite an enry return to it. -An uppeal to the
Detter rather than the worse part of husan matace ia both eafe and pen
dent

Compatisons aro proverbially odio, and any dlstioction between the
management of the diferent prisons of the State would be fuvidios,
ot Where is inthe State one prison ao singularly pre-eminent in ite ine
ferual ceonomy, ite baemosious balance of whclosome dicipline an
Uibeta couse, by the universal conoeasion of those, who live near and
‘ata diatsnce, that we may designate it without offence, as an example
worthy all emulation: “We refer to the State Prigon at Chaslesionn,
wader the superintendence ofthe Honorable Gideon Hanes. "This prisog
thus been claimed as the model prison of the world, -& more extensive
soguaintance with ponalinstitotions than we cat claim would be desi.
able for veritcation or deni of this high paneyyrlo; but it may be
fsovumed. as at lenat plausible from a proooss of reasoning not based
‘upon actual experionce. The prise of the United States, taking ata
the account the tests of treatment, reaules and reforms, may safely be
seamed a8 in advance of Baropeat risoos; if that Ie suqtined 24 a
reliable poetelats it cannot be wie of tho teuth to think that thone of
Massachusetts should fairly rank a thebead of the lietof the pountrg, and
from that, to assnme this ax the best in tho State will hardly bo contro
verted. It moy be added that it bas a well slucted and somewhat ex
ensive WUrary

‘Tae U. & Sxerey avy are Passos

Party puites have horetofore prevented ive attention to tla
subject by national legislators, and a time of civil commotion ts 20
Peviod to expect rufuem of ponal intitutious: but we may hope that the
tine will come at mo very Gistant day, wen the Federal petal ayatemy,
‘both in practice, punishment and diseiplive will be refered altogethon
tis well known that oue of the ablest pbc men thie country la po
‘faved, more thaa thiety yeara ago, directed bis great powers to he fra
‘tion of a penal code of the United States, and produced « musument

100 REPORT ON THE

of wisdom worthy to rank beside the codo of Justinian, and the ende of
Rapcloon, But the labors of Edward Livingston shared the fate of those
faovearly for tele tines. He died, having been ablo only to produce bia
pins. No suecowsor hs yet arisen to eary ant or improve thas pla,

‘tue Bosao ov Stave Cnsarnts
ae He UN ama the Legllaar, approved 2h Apri, 1863,
Taeer meee la stan te Sloe Charitable and Coreen nati
ite eh launau ices deatyed son muliley of agence,
See aat coring in yrntealmperaton, ond each one
Seething of he lsh a Se ad of Com °
aoe eof Boton, erie oct. cnwiated there erent
Boe acy, ih enective power eel to tei entire din
aan asead ith ene secers, ity, harmony aid «lene,
Mretes Cantina rac of every epten of eiiolsparnendoney
ts se tha Guvernon, wi te von md eonsnt uf ho Covet
en Appar Bee peraouy, with to ober execs
AUERcte the mca of Slate Casto; to ol fee, less soe
fe sonata ely for tho: pecan of vc, to, de, fe td Be
saree errscteon is alton wih the co-operation ofthe Coun

sential ome he thee years wn shall be a member exci
ae elt Sc Charset fo the contol ed
aa ard of the proceedings of the board, devolve wpon him the:

clerical ce
seat ie and nae labor ef ealeting fete and etatistes, throng
Ter Buate, to Mgsteate i his port the cameos and Lest teatnent of
ranperism, crime, aigense and insanity. The dates of the board, are, £9
Paaterpuce and spervise th who eyntemof the pale, haetable and
Saar an adiitions no they may doom necessary for the eeonoetcal
oy ceintatinsteson. The ae obi sony moesings on the
wea SRalnwatay of each month. They salve no compensation for Dit

cos except traveling expense,
sexvions excep 1

Private Bessvouse Tesrmemoxe amp taeie Retastots to Pagoxe ax
Prone sett

Jn a State like any of thons of the American Union much will slays
rumain for privat chatty and benovolence. The Federal government
Tanne coutul save over its own prieoners. ‘he wlate haa no funds for
‘benevolent action in velation to it izes; is on i to protect the
curity. Tewould not b

public by punishing those who jeopard its security |
{igteatt to furnish a plausible demonstration iu favor of the thoory that

PRNAL SYSTEM OF MASSAOHUSETES. 101

the state quite ar eafely ond och more cheaply secures itelf agaiunt
ceritinal violence by prevention vather than punishment, and tbat he who
beat gnards against rime or sueures agains ite
onal stateana

The charitable and tefurmatary fatitutions of « stat
sltate one of the moet touching inturests to which » Donovolent heart
‘can tn its aympathy, or a philosopheal mind direct te rellections; and
rot thooretealrefeetiona alone, xt hearty and gealons wet, Phila
hropy has been to0 often made a teada by thove who have not had eu
lent ladusty and eapscity to follow any other ar more ueeful trade; but
the help of the needy aid the rescue of tho fallen ean act co high on the
Tiat of meral virtaca that the slorteumings of the sulfah whe would
take a prof from the work of beuevulence should not be sllowed to de
tract materially from the moot exellent work of man,

‘The por und the erininal we aball always have wilh us, until sockety
smokes it pons for the honest snd fndosirious to earn a good living
for the Gime being, and to lay aside of the superuity @ reasonable prom
Vision against the rainy day whic i health, the villainy or th eapidisy
of other may ental ypan the most provident snd tho most dorerving:
eoforn i Uetter thon punishment of Ue eriminaly indeed, ll penal ine:
‘ions vies tothe tone dignity of punitive wisdow only as they subeeree
the to great purpower of proeention ard eure.

‘he first grest step to benevolent and reformatory reef muat rest with
the private individual who will sid the dlateased, cheer the desponding
‘and’ raise ap those who have slipped, by 4 kind Took, a kinder word, a
Uelping hand and a provision against the necensity of @ second resort 10
crime, Count Rumford opened to the King of Prossis » plaa ly which
to pat an end to pwuperiam by establishing one vast public charitable
institution where the vagrant shoold work and be fed at the change and
to the profit of the government: and if, instead of resorting to that pro-
vided institution, the poor should be foand seeking fnlividuat charity,
he proposed that they should be arreated as vagrants aud treated ag
criminals. Thia woah be wholly snadiissio ia a Stato Uke ours, Tere
public chority and pelvate bounty may Well gw hand in hand. Let tho
ond cauee of charity to the uscdy und the reform of the criminal be
placed npon  bacts of justice, ecurity and ellcienes, and Tot all the
people lond s warm aympathy aad a holping hand, toa cause in which
all have a atake, and which for ite suevese me, in tho last analysi, bo
ependent ypon them

Drscuanoyo Basoxras, do
"The most useful service rondeved ly benevolent action is individaal
‘id unoatentations, It consists not in noing demonstration of goud wil,
for ubtrasive advice o offensive interference with the natural rights snd
Privileges of the vicious and the wofortunate, but ia modest Kindly,
Friendly and woobtrusive individual acts. Over and beyond thi, but by 20

102 Rupont ON THE

means answering in fs oad, ie ald to societies and astoctatione having
Fr ici objects the reform of the fallen and the reacua of the Tost
“Among the most sorviceable of those aze societies for the aid and relief
Sraiccharged prisoners. When the prisoner comes forth from the prison
fall io tho etas hone af his fatore Mie, If then he iy befionded and
Tia forsee record effaced, there In hp for him and hope of Bim

‘On the dinharge of prisoace from the State Felon, who, in bis op
nots by good eonduet, dessrves ai, the Warden is smthoricd to faraih
Hin with a sun not exceeding five dollars; ot tho warden may Iu his ise
cretion, pay’ the gan 1 discharged convicts, te by him
CEpenfol forthe convict, No eonvict isto be dachargea fom the piso
Shout being facnisied with sucient and decent clung. Tho. Gov
rm aud Conacil appoint alae a State Agent, to veside cither in Boston
Sr Charlestowa, who tall counsel and sac, and, when and as ho deems

Cropor aod expedient, fae with elthing, board and tools, stable for
heir employment, such couvicts ws may acek hie sid end he shall take
nyment foreach of thom ar way deste it. Ho

menses to procure empl
ilo make ar Annus! Ieyort of li doing A most Inyportant prover
trent in this vespect was ala» inangarated by private louty, in the
mons of November, 1864, by tho estubliehment of an eeylom for dis.
charged female peivners, located at Dedham fn Norfolk cownty. A.
Tange house, with some twenty-ive serus of land, has been purchased or
nd fa now open and in healthy operation. Under wise,
‘management, the benefits of sek a hunse will be

the purpose
prodent and dere
bs.

Pare Potmes axn Pinson.

‘Tho prison ystew of the State i aot controlled by party polities, and
sot iti not entirely fo fom the taint of party spirit, ADMEy, exper
Face and integeity eve the primary recommendations uf pyiaon oficors;
{En bave these qualities, however, ranged om te sight aida of party pie
tos ta second, but a hardly lees eatentiel teeommendation. The pre
font Wanton ofthe Slate Prison has held ie poet a great many yours;
od due Suposiatendeot ofthe House of Coseection baw grown old in his
place.

Pacosormr or Pesan. Srer

Some topics remain for consideration «litle out ofthe beaten track of
sucha paper as thin; but they ave deemed worthy a place where they
‘ay hallenge the eye of thove who, fu the Targe spirit of real progress,
Front acck the pliueophy of tu penal system. The criminal lee of
Massachesetia, Hike une uf most States ofthe Union and of the Federal
Goreenment itself ure betioved to be bebind the average progvess ofthe
lage. A wovd in the way of muggestion way nol, therefore, be deemed to
Ines the reproach of rocking new idens at the expense of useful onem
Some of these more prominent heads may be noted, sucl as tial cou

PENAL SYSTEM OP sASeACHUSETTS 108

vletions nd gontences; jorie, their righta, powors and dation; and the
{great question of te right of prisoner to teatity underoath, tah Owa
behalf ihe oo desires,

28, Convtenos ano Sesresoes

I wovist any on
ceouivioted becausn of the asbitrasy and unjast principles on which they
trove bronglit there, cathor thin Uecaate Usey were tulsinseally guilty,
having been convicted perhaps ups the testinony af a pratended accaza
plloe ora malicions proscetor, aving personal ainis to aocomplinh ot
HelBsh intents Wo advance. ‘The guilty man woking to accomplish the
Trin of the prisoner, was heard ander cath, while sacha privilege wae r-
awed to the wan npn tia for is highest rights, Aguins many of the
Driumers fore lke ofence inevery essential partinlan, ate incarcerated
for vanly different periods of time. This isthe incvitable result of
{ng a legisletor fix fhe minimam ahd suai

of the prisons of the State, we shall fd some there

Inga jog to mediate betmecn thes, stead of having jury of his
pens paren woll upon tho punishment oa the guilt. It thay be said
hata sentence by the Jory wonld prodice tho rate inogeality of wen
ene, Buble mast be remembered that auch a aemtonon would be the
Judgment of trelew men, aoting upon their impressions of sti, oafet-
“med by arbitrary boundarica and principle, ard sould therefore be
Tikely 0 Be more nau and jst.”

“he Fenn of anit frien weld vt esd
in thin State it present laine tn that county, tut 1 igh bo ape
‘led ually hore ner certain medieations; and Uns quali eae

the idolatrous worshipers of the enrmon law exclusiveness bave feured,

Fours, nasi atone, poweg ax Dewi,
‘The dean

relation of the cont and the jor, inthe til for alleged ern, are
‘ston

"Tho mode of dang juror in Masnachusett is eientilly dtetioe
aot when thy ae tobe enpaneed they sre oneeted fo'» amin af
‘qntiyiogInguivon at varance wit he rigs of the prone ad te
Jory and aversive of pals jet.
agnen aint te nani. ‘Theselssnem ofeach own wi each

{eee ly by pan th nie entered esp selon ey ean Bay
‘he aly Jar. iy Tyme Spenser, Ban ela Mah iS”

104 EroRT ox

_yeur prepare a ist of auch inhabitant, not whsolutaly exempt, a8 they
iin well qualifed 10 serve as jurors, being persons of good moral
haracter, of sound jodgiment, end foe from all legal exceptong; which
Tise shall hnclre not lon than one for every one hundred inhabitants of
the town, aud not moro than one for every sizty- The Tint when 2 pro
pared nay be altered ia town meeting by the tom, by addin
Of pers liable to serve or striking aay names thecefrin, The names
TDorne om the Hist ao revined and mtilated are tobe written exch un a
separate ballot suit placed in the Jory ux, from which they msy be
rated from time to tine. Tho juror, when preseuting bimsel? for Lie
Jy bes may eterrogtied crcersak Mel coutictons or riliggnoes
{enforce laws and poualtion; ad ie aecopted wr rajocted ae he an were
{to suit the goverament
‘The teal by jusy mimst be made tore efctive than its nom, oF ib
aot be Isid aside a fancy funittion. Aw al preaent adminiatered
inoue const, i tery fails of any acl service. "Tui attempt to pik,
fod psck a jury, i uguinat the entire tenor uf the progress uf the age
“The Jory tal ie vothing if i in nol entirely mitranaeled snd ofettered
To be body ented tu avy coulonce or eny reepeeh, the jiny meet be
f real and not a Getiions epitome of the Lady of tho people. ‘fu answer
ny wectul parpore, it ia absolutely exsential fiat the jary showld Be
fsiccted by lt from the entive adelt population of the couatey, egard-
Jess of their npivions, their principles, or their consetioney and. whew
anembled for the discharge of thei grest detice, no jaige or other
foficer should have any right to inguire aa to their epivione epon law
‘or pevuliles, or to exclude them hecanse of their constiatlous weroplen
‘tins caforeing laws they believe to be oppressive and najust, Every
sone upon tral ie alitied to sch ehintre of escape as the honest
fonctions and cinscientions seruplee of hi lllow-etizens may give
Dim. This iam fair weated right in le vnoual eontoxt with authority.
‘This and this only ie the popular tral in ite simplicity, purty and
integrity
‘Thore never wan any insuperable dificlty in the Jost triad by ty of
all exes by the government aginst th etn, wheve governments hee
baad substantial natural jostoe on theiraide, ‘The contrary is trme oly in
‘cates where the attempt was made to onvich the government by impor
o Tater the energies and enterprise of man, and
totrample
pits of mar, ander the pretence of making hie a
wine, hotter and more circumspect man than he chooses to he, or than
the pablie security roqates him to Be in a word, to make government
‘he guardian and not mezely che protector ofthe eitiaen. Ils true that
In auch casen the people will generally be fmm far beyond courte and
legislatures in their vindication of right and justice. ‘This constitutes
the Intrinsie value of the jory all elie Sy accidental, In all other

PUNAL SYSYEM OF MASSACHUSETTS. 105

eapest, a more Tilted, eclet, ulivated boy, wos! aor higher
frarantee of trath and Jeske, The alvmblng, Dock of reproach
ewint ries lo aloged to exist In the enocament of nach ler as
thowo agalnet smuggling, goveramont. monopoly of the earlage of Ie
tere and opera manlipal monoply af the eariage of home ofl,
pow eoncacin intieicallyInwfl, impairing tale maura obligato,
ar tanbiting man trom ding whatever intisiealy Swf, whic he
tmoy comme tod, fn Which he thinks be can make prot. Bnd I
Jost here that abitary per needs Gock ada blac wel

‘hin beings up what every criminal tial cannot fall to suggest to 8
inst min were and how originate the dental (oa praonor af the nate
tral ight af totfyng to fate under ony Hho oo desiest Why
Should the exloston be longer condnued ? What woald be the probable
ct of sonora a tural right so long withheld? The preciae origi
tivaf the enclrion le not bmw, but 1 probable that ove from
Tio aosurd they of tho dogenerate dase a? the Baglsh law, when
ny, dhe Teas itetct iv wenuan tated everybody with « contagion
Sr Yaad, oo that was unsafe to allow Ms lie tobe unealed. Jn
the eva days of the common Taw, when St enfodied simpy the pia
Ciplen_ of ontural josie and atucalfecdom, 00 such bere "wee
thought ofall paiestentifed fr temeeveef hey s0 dese,” When
AMeckango was adeiswncertan. But the tendency of he cours of lta

iotorest od infeny gong only
ita nour Bat cout ll par

ties are alowed to any, Why the right should stop inthe Migber
oncert of ermal juste ti dealt to oodecetand. ‘the ath fe
‘riat le wanted, sud to clogs ihe mouth of Hw oe wo oaght to kom
Tort of the trth faa sory way of reaching the tu

"Thosopiaialargrnen fam alleged ateans of tamplatlong to por"
Jy! hom th soming barship tat % wosld relly compel a golty
Daty tive evidence agulat.himell tat the glib and desterons
Tongue of We practiced eal wold werk ie Segal, wile Be

‘will ot avail The law
tie gully; and to rfune &prigonsr tho right to bo « witnons for bluse,
ithe wo desires, is to presure him guilty, whvo that is the very point ia
issue.” And It i surely paying a poor compliment to the discriminating
Fntelligencs of jurors to intimate Unt Uuey would bo tured away from jae
‘er by the practiced artsof a erafky criminal, eile thoy would makes vie-
tim and a sacrifice of mideat merit and untstred inacence, ‘Thi would
hoa valid argument against listening to way witaeetee at all, and co

enning without teatimoay, an the only safe eecape from innpoition by

108 REPORT OF THE

‘witness, Bak a a very weak one for depriving & prisoner of thie me
tural right. If juries most ly aside their semew and their intelligence
‘when they take tele place fa tho eet of jdgwent, lt the jury bo abol
fahed; tnt let no mas, ia hi wnoqual enviet srt authority, be mated
Ike a dog and condemned nnbetrd suder all the light swnctiong aid
scouritie of truth, The language of a geont Anerlcan weiter upon Je
pradence in fer natural integrity, H not goo ninong to expeene the
‘Sine woof this matter:

Hn criminal case, nothing can be more inn, ere, or moneons,
soln mere money nary to alte ic "
oe

ioe itd

etic ne foe of flee
Hl fa fly so oti Yo puntiea iy Tn
‘ilempes to doen mse by fase ae i

Tes costnin Kat the gilt, in many enn, woutd folaify in onder to
ila hie gait itn the sttenpt to aiid Ghemerlve, dir detection
twould generally be curtain. Tho eoiclenass of frat are almost aa ie
‘viable aa the laws of the physeal world. all euth dovetalla togeten,
"The mixture uf favchuod a eoaly dotoeted, Such a role would deter
fiom aiam defenoss; i would compel partes to be teed upon the re
tmovits of their act, rather than to eel ap techuieal and arbitrary d

Seeresce oy te ome

‘The grates and vavietien of gilt aro almost whelly ignored by oar
prevent system of eriminal teal and sentence, A leglaator, who Kiows
Dodhing of the precise fers of the guile of w eviminal poesoce a vary
Inadequate standard for Oxing ia sentenea, A judge who has hosrd
Title af tho testimony, in in @ sorry condition to matiate letmenn the
‘apeicioes minimum end matin of watence, Better by far that the
‘enti question of guilt and eimaoguent pinishnent sold be pasted
‘upon atonce by the jury? oF if that canaot be done eonsievnty wt tho
Imagined security of pie jutie, Tet three experienced judges, eee
cata to the sifting of evidence and applying the law to aels, be suletie
ted in thee place. In ether case the wetimony of the accused party,

PENAL SYSTEM OF MassACHUSERTS, 107

the desived to be hear, would be eageriy sought it wené not Wat
{cosom hd blemted all ur ideas of propriety inthe mattor

‘To reeapitalating, we must amsert a esarntial laments of «jast penal
system, theseoa jury being om epitowe of tho enti budy of the
prople that jury te have the entne ease ln thle hands, being judges of
The gilt and tts degree, andthe neccesary ame of psniernent; and
having the right to hear the testnnony ofthe prisoner, ad of every body
flee they moy wish tv hens, Thore wil never le a Just pevat eystem,
Tent in alton go all thi i Hold that there cal be no aete eeteined
ltrerince, ad nobty pouished aa criminals, excepting for what ib
Iciselealy evininal, thereby, of erates snting ost ae entive catalogue
fof prtended evimen metely because the acte are probibitd

Sou, Pra, Lestat.

To rocial penai legisletinn the State of Museachetts as made ade
vance moverents of late years, ut whether inthe right dieetion oy
bot qeaton

Tie laws have received an unvlolesome taint fom the eerore of oar
ceaily preudices, ‘Tis hae ed to stringent samptiary regulations and
lrbitvary poo laws fn vega to vices and exceaees, whiel, If they
Fave not abooltelyjufinged po tie liberty of the <item, hase 0
‘ltnsively touch bis nataral right arto vaito his contempt sd erento
te intettent war between legislation aod the courts aud tho natural
fruaediane of popular sights inthe jory box. When thia hae not been
ic cae, there as boon exhibited the resteey les offenateespectacle of
Javes esti in dead fetter on the statate Uook and never enforce, a

thong constantly vislued; forthe reazon thatthe popula scnee of jase
Ulce b superior to the wiedomn of one ovarea and legislators, Tei sale
to sey thot ne lnors should be mado whieh either aro not ce cannot b

enforced, Te wil befor some Neral legislator hereafter to daterminc
Swlether such rellctiane could nat tnaterilly modify the socal penal
fystein of Macsuchngetts in wegaed ta all the vicos and Immeraitios of

Tonmesa, garbling, ragrancy, aud the catir Hist of mere sucial disorders
te distinguished from cries
Pheaness ax Paosracre oF avon

‘That aystom of laws which makes erimlnale who othorwite would ree
imate innocent, 6 a miataken ayatomn, apd when a penal system so out
Tagee the moral sense of jualin of w community, it emt a wystem which
thould be longer adbered to, The only merit of «judicial eystem ia
hat it ost seeucely, expetiously and jostly puniaon tho guilty and
theids the innocent.” Following tho example early adopted by oar a
Cestors, we have repudicted the civil law and rapidly adiered to the
comma law, when «larger wiedom and a more conmopolitan lgie would
have long since een the propriety of adopting whatever was found wer

108 ‘RETORT OX THE

‘rconble in both and repndiating all elas in either, ‘There are many
featores of the French Penal Codo which might with profit both tothe
‘Sceused an to the interests of public justice be adopted.

We are inconsistent with outeelyee in ont administration of riminal
law, This error roshits from a blind adherence to the old comin law
cf Bngland. We boast thit thie ncient onde is the anatee of oar rights,
the fototaia of our les, ae the inheritance of our poopie. We there
fore cagerly opt or accept it where itis palpably at variance with oat
political oatitaions. Instrad of prudcudly using it, we pervert and
Above it. Tustoad, therefor, of aat American ayatery of etfeal Tam,
horougiy suited tothe time and the pluoa, we haven heteroeneons
rnass of patclevork, nether asmmettcal, cones, no logleal. ‘Tho ay

m corssts of compromises etwoen the anal dignity uf government
fand the svppliant rights of th individual, insted of a homogeneous spe"
tem of aataral justice, The work of law sefor hts prooected just far
enough Uo exhibit the hidoows deformity of what remaines without hay
ng. advanced far enmigh to Sonia any satisfactory substitutes, We
jae ail the almond intricacies of xpreal pleading aa tothe manner of
exhibiting onthe record the charge, with all the eenastew verbuslty of
the old precedents, but destitate of thereat ifornation play, simply

We have ftisions al

fy his own word ander oath
hin ofthe eal benefit of an Janocestpresorape
tion: instead thertoFaasuming guile and prosiming « resort tu perjury
twevate its comsoqoneas. ‘hie ie the more abeurd and nouataral a in
this Stato in all civil procondings, we have narrowed the pleadings to
‘eset avermenta with substan accuracy and precision, sallow
fall purtice to testify undce oath, with ting ad perhaps indispensable
By oue system ofjories we abridge insted of expanding their soful
ross; and thas bite inatoad nf mogaitying tte olce. An impartial
Srey i the Gort eight of she criminal and the Ost duty of the govect
ment. Tastes! of placing in th jury box the name of every adult wale
citizen, we expowe ourselves tol the dangers of « packed jury. When
‘hat packed jury ie obtained, we deprive thom of their gieat right by
lowing them to pass only ypom the question of gulltorfanocence, dele:
ating ws the arbitrary cuprice of w jndge, governed by the arbitrary
‘eprioe of capricious leisure, dhe not ese momentous question of the
bentenve. Many a priaener,therelor, knowa that hin sentence in onjust
fanny n one Kot that his fellow prison, fora far greater crime sto
shflor «far lose posihinent, This inevitably perverts moral dicipline
fd deteriorates penal economy.
"The remedy is obvious, by either extending Fall tral and sentence to

‘one ot twa judges, oc ele giving to the Jory the same authority. Rach
‘wenld have their complement of advantages and disadvantages, This
Cveasiun docs nat reve tis compariaun yt i eaongh that the topo
Fs mentioned

These needful reforms in etiminal procade, aro believed to bo ae
sme, eventaall, to take place, as time is to roll on, When they are
toovmplished sl others, move iu dctll, aud posalbly mare radical, are
Auite certain to be fouud indigponsablo,

‘The quoetions of tho most expodient uombor of a Jory, and of the
propriety of their entice or paral unanimity to work conviction, of
pecial jury of exports to (ry sauvs of fneanity, of the instructions of|
conrts to jars, end of the conduct uf jars while fa deliberation, all
those must receive some attention, Tz will come to bo question, what
proptiety there if allowing the prosecution the cloxe fn the argament
fver the prieouer’s counsel; and all mor, what ced and what naely
thore isin an ofcer of the government, I
of the government with an Added argument on the Taat in Ue form of
charge, as ta often happens, On tral for eres, the clom belongs to
the citizen in bie wieqaleoptest with anthority.” He should. also be
fenttled to process st the expense of the goverament, for obtainioge
tritncrses. The State ight, fn Un end be rimbaraed, by compelling &
2 groundieia or malieinas prosecator to repay them, or euler imprison

aly, ithe event ofthe prisoner's Aeqetta, Tease of bin
Conviction the expense of dhe tial eould be teken into consideration i
the gentencs, which might be both ly fine andSmpelaonment. Iti lao
Aoulbtfl whether do State should net faruish an attorney forthe defence
fof poor preonere unable to retnie couse, We abould then ace lena of
that most stiamotal spootacl,pelsonore convieted not by roaeon of thele
soil, but by vietue of thelr porerty preventing them making good their

‘That avatera of riasinal adiniciateaion must be esteemed best whic
eauste the rsourose of jutien to sbiel the fonncent from wajest pe
Tshient, and to mete to the guilty deserved punlabment, alway keep
ing in view the fondomostal abjeste nf pamisimeut the rofrmation af
the criminal, and the aocasty of society,

110 wewonsas o mowsens oF ruu raison astocLATION

(Ly

MEMORIAL OF MEMBERS OF THE PRISON ASSO-
CIATION AND OTHER CITIZENS TO THE LEG
ISLATURE:

a tha Honorobe the Senae and Asvomtly of the State of Neve York
Gentlemen —Tae memorial of the yrdersigned, a comnttoe appointed

by the Pris Association of New York, to take foto coneerntin the

crganiation of the prison of the State, sad to veport « plan for hele
reorganization, reapocsully represents

‘That tho extavnation of tho prisons of thie State, mado dato. the
past two soars, have revealed auch inporfotions wad defect i them ae
toconvines the Aevociation thal a tovough revision of oar psa ay
‘eon Te uteded, and that material rfuvta ought to be Introdacel there
Jn tha siew the Assooiation created the present comaities, aud chargod,
them seth Uke duty naved i he proceding paragraph

The work assigned to the comtitiee of great breadth and mago
tude, Tee impoctanco both to the moral and material interests of the
State cannot ously Ue exaggertled, In entering upon if, the owe
tee wae mot, at thu threshold, with the want of light to galde them in
thee Isbors.| They saw eleariy that ont prison system, a of present
congaalaed, in ju several reapects, extremely defective; but hey did not
to distinesly se how the defects old be remedied, nor the presi
ture of the reforue needed, fo the end that they might obtain the
Infueration dosed, f not eeventil, least highly important, to the
scersfol discharge ofthe datioe la pon them, te committee pied
te the Assocation fr anthority ta sond out two conuminsiona, ona tothe
States of our own Unina, andthe uber to Great Brita, and possibly to
some of the Statee of Continental Busopo, kuowa ta have made the
teretest progrest in the solence of prison discipline, ta examine their
Ditons apd pri ayatems, 8 make ull report of the rensls of theit
fbrereations snd eacavsies, ‘The authority aeod way roadily granted
by the Bsscutive Committe,

‘Tho Esocusive Oummnitio fl, a5 the andershgyod fool, that light ie
wanted, wad that fe sould be soughe fn all quarters whore thor is hope
‘of obtaining i Thay know Vat rover ofthe States f our Union have
prison systems of macl merit, and hat even in cana where the eystom,
2s a whole ib far from perfect, there may be apecial pointe nf excellence
‘which might bo wisely funafecred Yo our own, in aotking to give it an
Improved orgaatantion. They kuow that the public mind of Barope, ad

‘Avo onHn CITIZEN, T0 Tm LeexsLATURE. m

particularly of England and Irland, bas been, for the paat tem a Steen
Years, dirocted with earnestnore to questions of prison disepline and
prison reform, and that much sold progress bas boon made io that die
ection, Doubtless mich valgable informations to what bas bee ac
complished, is already within ox reach, embodied i prison reports, par
Tiameatary blue books and publications of vaso namo. Bat many of
tho works upon which we mot euly for whatever knswiedge we may ob-
‘sin, particularly in reference to the rival aystoms of Hngtand and Tre
Tad, which are the moat important for our parpane, are fa coteoversial
ed partinaa character, ‘The writers bars, almost wilkont exttption,
fume speeial theory er favertepolnt to walulan, and thee diveassions
tro often eo warm as to be marred Uy no lite acrimony. ‘Thin makes i
‘ical, at ses, to aitve ata eaisfantory comclnnon ax to what the
truth is, en leaves the ogsiter perplesed and donbtfal ax tothe goal
lst ofthe facts in a givencase. Bewies, no printed report of any Kin,
given oe eithor all the infcimtion
The minate desis, the springs
ed tho anatomy of tbo ay
fa short, « thousand
‘things which would thebw important light upon the salject, and be of
fascial sprvice in guiling the Aaselation ly franing no improved
preva aysten for Now York, ane pt tobe omitted frm tho publications
Feferred to if fur no other rosso, eaves of tein familiarity to the
vweller of aid publications
"The pulicy of wend oat Commissions for the purpose of making ex:
saiuationso¢ he Klod. now proposed, if the occasion bo of aullcient
ragaitude, will aot be questioued, Such commissions were falar to
tho usage af oven a remote antiquity, The wiaost aad most valaable
cine of lasts know to ue ancient world, (always excepting that dictated
to Aue by the Deity hineelf) san the recut of auch # cormmasion.
Wo reer 0 tha Roman Laws of tie Twelve Tablas; a work of whieh
Cicero had ao high an approciation that be declared. hie praference to i
lone ovor all she writings of the pilosoplors. But it is in modern
times, and since nations lave become, to/an extent unknows ia former
sige, latertwined ad howoogaceous Sn thee interest, eboir aympathien,
‘nd over thei natitations sad law, that such commissions have b
‘host common and most freifal of benoBcal results, Commissloners have
‘en act from iho United States and from individual States aod cities
{0 Hurope, sod fom the Staten uf Enmnpe to tis country, to obtai ight
snd information with tefoence to iaduates! porsuta, both ageteuleaad
aval atcitectare,

Piying them wi eftctive aystoms of sewerage, and oth
Alioat invoosrable, This very intoeat of prison reform bas italf
fafordod the mest signal example of the uslley and windom of auch

112 eewoniaL oF wemmens oP rae PRIsos assoctAnION

agencies, Some thiety years ago, Prance sent two comaiasions, and
‘Gront Britain and Priasia each one, to this coustry, ty examine the
Dritnia ard prison ayatoma ofthe United States, chou estecmd the bert
ind most enlightened in the world, Ie into the wisp forecast of thse
ition, in commissioning aad sonding out some of thoir most eminent
lane on agence of this sort, that they aro iadebted forthe irsprove-
‘mois ince introduced into their penal stitutions. ‘There fe ceason 10
Uelleve tha, aa sometines heppena in otter things, the pupils have, ia
sume respect, cntatvinped tie tench, and that x they formerly exme
{to achol t an, 20 We aay have go to achool to Wham to ove advantage
Aall events, there ean be no doubt Gat onr prison aystem needa inate:
Fiat amendment, ‘The Prion Assocation, deeply convinoad ofthis, bas
entered upon the vist labor of devising a plan for is reorgutivation, In
‘this work they noo, and thoy reapeetfully uk, the ny

Legislators. "We elnim to Ue, and truly are, th

Union. Oar institutions, then, onght to be worthy of our prominence,
fe all soapecte a motel to the. nation and the world andy cera, 0
Tessa model im one agencios aud modes of dating with cpimiaat, than

goat interests of «extamonwealth
ble ust dlcharge, inthe Let aod most effete manne, the

duty aasigned ua by the Excoutive Comnitten by siding ws to obtain,
in thy way indicated, the light doemod gexentiel fo sch m porformance
oft, the mdorsigued respeufally ask your honorable bles to increase
yout nauel appropriaion to ovr treaty to wl aa as to ude Wiadom
lal geem proper std weceasary

‘ud your momorialists mil ever pray, &e

TUEDDORS w. DWroHT, chimen

‘ous Omnoxac
New Yous, January 10, 1805.

‘The undersigned members an fiends ofthe Prison Asaosinton concur
in the prayer of the Committee as proronted in the foregoiag metnorial
DB. Anges,
 Owkey Hall
Bann,
wards Piewrspont,  F. B Cutting,
David Unley Hel Fame Bors,
‘Rlekinod, Low Ja'E Borge,

Dated New Yons, Jan. 10h, 1865,

canuzexs 10 Tun npaistaront, us

nod mombers of the Exsoative Committe coral wits
inthe petition of their special commitice, wppiatel to dove a plan for

award Cooper,
Susgen Ol
av

Stephon Cutter.
‘New You, Jan. 16th, 1863.

Avcor. No, 62]

(c3)
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GENERAL AGENT.

Oona ge New Yor Payor Ae pes
"Pa Sine don anaes
ExT wndecigac, Conca Ages repel ss
nite the lrg report Bie Isbuondaviog the post yearn wel
reine picnere Stained at awaiting trial or extn
ees aance with ng extblabed cast, the fillowhg rabies (r=
ported iy the werden ofthe Cy Prins tothe Commissineroot Pablo
Bartiss wa Covrectinny are dncerted in this report, a the best aco
mat fhe history abd nature of rime
Shen city ad Bovhlyn, anda ld ajet
Manes We tld af pntctbrple ltr, foond st Tinie verg door ia
wich by rons of Smits i hy ce eps catia
to oa to Lene by ll pes

Spec Tied

TABLE R

ANNUAL REPORT OF THs ORNERAL AcrNT,

TABLE D.

ANRUAL REPORT

OF THE GENERAL AGERE.

asp Ronn cated org
Bane

TABLE H,

ation Table of the Agee of the Male an) Female Prison
9 received duning the year 186,

In connection with the above tabtes of eviminality, i moy be proper
to state, and will cortainly be Interesting to the Exeoutive Commies
ns number of witnesses enmmitted dating the year to the
Mouoo of Detention, under the femediate superintendence of tue Poles
Commissioner, as reported by Mr. Thomas J: Folger, sergeant of police.
‘The House of Betontion for switnesses a an admirable institution, Ronee
able aliko to tho cownilsioners, hy whom it ie managed, and to Ua
{great metropolis. From Me. Folger vopoct # appears that these wore
Femaining in the Mouse, November Ist, 1863, 25, and. thet there were
sid uring the yar ening 204, aig a tl of etfs
(OF thewc, 168 were males nd 46 fomaloe; 98 tere natives
‘F the Ualled Staten and 19 foregnetas aid there were dotained, fat
pevids varying from une day to thiety days, 116, ad for pore vary.
Ing from one month t0 woven mouths 88

‘The tables, fornishel by Be. Suton, of the elty pein, show, that in
the city of Now York alowe duving the past yeat, Ure have leon 4381
srrents, of peraone of all age, sexs, nationalities and conditions in lif,
te ertinls ur vagrant,

(Gonld our Association increase its expenditures and multiply it agen.
cies tonfald, even thon it could nut expoet tw do weatcely a appreciable
portion of its duty Wo thismaliitade of nortunates, this crowd of immer.
{a men and women, who ae all hastening %9 death, ad the Judgineah

120 ANNUAL REPORT

wbich follows,—that fat retibation, when each will recofye according
To that he hath doue, whether i be good or evil
Tovvlect frum this mass of depravity, misfortune, reekleeeness, Wun
ring ant ceino, with its interuingled eases of abselute innoceuee, of
(Gecaaed physical, mental, oF moral natire, or of wild nd snrensoning
apni, use casom which edit of relief, end whieh demand his most
Carnet attention, bas been He daly noenpation Of your agent; au eced
potion always loburisie, aways harrawing, and cometines discowraing
(pet iften lieved by Instances of eopapicnone bene. £2
miata greasy cheer an eles his
tpl and which encormage and quicken ey fo tho work to sekicl he fs
desoted
Tei not tobe forgotten that tho jnnocont and the guilty ar alike en
titled to baman ayinpathy and sims charity, and seis your agent haa
fought to efove the imcent frm tho conseyences of ftveeton, be
has not filed fn hi ents to ernvnes the gattty of the enormity of bi
UBcnows, and to bring the wanderer back to right pa, tea love of God
find govdees, and a8 9 consequent yer, © gernpalons aad anifory re
pect for aves, hurtan and divine
"The flowing in's ondensed siateent of oy Tabu or the year 1864:

Fepecy, (en)

or THE GEEAAL AGENT. rat

‘Your general agont, under the dircetion of the standing: commitioes
on detentions and discharged convict, devotes himeelf, a yon ave aware,
gentlemen, wholly to Inbors eninected with theee wo departments ot
fur general work, The flowing enses, selected ont uf many hundeeda
‘similar ip character, nnd go lesa interesting, are anbmitted a8 giving a
lear exhibition nature, importance and utility of the work dome
by the Association, throagh ite agent, in those departments
Raton oF Ghana 18 an Deresios Daparmursy,
Number 1—Was a green gic faim Ireland, Thee weeks afler her
ind her an imate ofa prison, awaiting her examination on
ng a pocket look containing the pasen ficket of « gold
watch, a og end othor property. The said book had beet taken, at
twas alleged, from «drawer in the rom of complainant. This giet bad
been engaged at Cassle Garden tour after she had lef the sip ae help
It §0 per month, Her mistress occupied the door ovor that from which
‘he property had boen taken,
tee converring with te prisoner, wo oesre lereustibly led to the
fonelnsicn that sie had not entered atch room, aud consequontly knew
nothing of the Iuteny. We attended th examination before the police
Jstice, and listened attentively for such testimony as would jastify ber
Commitment for trial; bot none was offred, and for thie reseon (Uke
pawn book fad toon found seth te contig vntouched) she was ie
hatged. We advised ler return to her aitoation and resumption of het
utes, i permitted; if noh respectflly to demand er wages and quit
‘The lady refused to pay, aa the montis wager were not yet due hee.
‘The girl consented to retain the next three days after the expiration,
the mistress again objected, boom the had been alent From hee dation
{all theee days, though wrjuetly imprisoned daring that tine on bee owe
complaint, Rather than aay dissatisfaction should be felt or expreseed,
tho remained another three days, hard at work fiom eatly morning 10
Tato at night, when aio was told that ao enald leave an call for hor
month's wages some other time.

‘This trendie® and inexporienoad giel was not known to any one per
on in the comutey. Sho was provided with a home bye member of the
Associaton. She made several atiompta to collect hor wages, Dut wan
lunsucovsefel. At langth your agont imperativaly demanded bor bard
earned pittanes, ayn it was relactantly paid

‘The family who had wetered her soon procared for hee a aituation, én
which she reniained for some monty, improving daily, and commending
heravf to the eonidence and favorable eonsiderstion of hor employers,

Number 2—Twa persona—a man anda woman—were eoen Uy oe
agent in the Tombs, charged with grand larceny, stealing two$50 green
‘backs frm a returned selien.

‘We had frequent opportunities of conversing with the accused. We
thoroughly fovestigated the ease, and after ascertaining their charactor
sand antecedents, wo felt that there were grave doubts of thoir guilt

122 ANNUAL REPORT

‘The man ie a Inborer,« widower, havlog lost hia wie aboat six wecks
ago.” He hes Use childeen, The women hid lived in the same howe
‘wilh en over 0 his bereavement abo hed sepesis

howg In very indigent cireomstances,
they hoth mustained the reputation of being entirely honest, This
alleged offence was committed os acw year’ day.

‘They were Brought vp lor ial, We subasited the f4cts, ax we onder
stood them, tothe dstit attorney. He replied, “let thean be tried; if
Fnnuoant, they vill be acquitted; 3 guilty, they must be punished” We
refered the vase 40 lis honor the Recorder. I stood thow: The com
pluinant called at the house of the prisoner on new year’s morning; be
Droakfustd there; they soon efter let home to make calls; he (the com-
plainant) had ton drinking to exceea; about 2 ofeloek they returned; be
fear then almort dead drank, Instead of sitting down to dianer, bo
placed three chsire together, stretehed bis eareasa npon them, and went
foundly to aleep. There he remained for fall thece honra, when bie old
(etchilt called to nek if her father waa thety. She was tid that he waa,
fd that when he awoke they would tend him home. "They soon after
fwakened him; he went home, aad soon siesed his money. Slo
ould not imagine where i was lost, Ht oconrted to Mim that he would
2010 is friend, and that probably he should find it sere. Ow hia way,
bre mt with a police offecr whom he knew, and who offered to accompa

him They entered the apartment, asking, where i BY” The womnaa
replied, hein lying down asleep.” "I must sec hin,” aid the ofcer;
“Twant thie man's money.” She told hm that i eowld be had, sf be der
scribed i, “I pioked up two bills after ho had left, amd gavy them t0
Mr. B, sho told me that it was not hie mouey, i aust belong, enid be,
1, anid I will give it him in the morning, when he beoomea asber”
‘The man was asvakened} she aficer demanded the lt manny} when bo
‘wok out ofa veat pocket and landed hen the te grenbneks,

This vigilant and feild fier arrested both persone. A complaint
sas proferted, ond they ware committed for tral, These facts wero
Driesly tld the Recorder. His honor sent for the complainant. Ho ask-
ed him how long ho had known the prisoners? He replied * Aftoen years”
‘Hlave either of thers bow in prison before?” “Never”

Tiove they intended to Keep your money, oF to rob you?
pled, "I believe thay had no wich intention” "The papers ware ordeved
{60 Blo, and the partion were diecbarged,

‘Numtice 8—Was arvonted on the complaint of « emall storekeeper
for potit larceny. She solemaly protested hor innocence, and assured
ts thatthe article alleged to have been stolen ate had bought in his
‘store, and that sho hoveetly paid for i Your agent sent fur fiend of
hora, who nervod a supana on the young person of aor sbe ha par
‘chuood the article in dlapate and to whom abe bad paid the price asked,
(OF course, the court before whom the complaint came ordered her dia

OP SHE GHERAL AGENT.

charge. She heartily thanked the Aesocition for saving her froma
penitentiary.

Number 4—Aged nine years, was seen in prison. He was enumitied
foresumivation for drunkenness, and i wan nut his frst ofence, Oh! what
‘a destructive business ie the ligqdor tract How terrible are the respon:
bilities nf those who manufacture streng dria, and of those who sett
them! If theme two classes were ant tone ponal institutions, and all
‘others prevented from going into thie nefiioas busivesr, we might bope
oon to witness a moral revolution im all our large cites, which would
be fet everywhere, and would make the wilderaens like Bien, and the
osert to Blosoin an the rose.

‘Number 5~Calle at our office and ropeesents tbat, ia consequence of
the protvacted illness of her busband, who was admitted into one uf ow
Iospitals some time ince, she was reluctantly dciren to place her two
children ou Randall's Toland. It hae pleneed God in Hi Providence to
remove lier husband by death, Her Griends have o aided Ber pecuoiarly
{that the nav desires to have her children restored to her, coufdently be-
Tieviug that in ler case “the Lovd will provi.”

"At her earnest request, we wrote 10 the Comnisinsoners of Charities and
Correction as soon us we ascertained that her atory was teve, and they
promptly ordered the discharge of te chilcen fv tho institution. This
‘Poor Woman subsequently called to thank the Azsociation

‘amber 6—Aged fuortcen years, was charged with stealing money
from 0 ll. He was convicted, when the court dosired the ezent to wake
some inguiry into his past history and suport atthe next sitting, —W
knew him fo be avery bad boy, and 40 informed the court when he was
conveyed tothe Hone of Refuge

Number 1—On complaint of @ degraded, intemperate woman,
With siting of alias ¢0 lor name, waa convicted of petit Intceng, and
remanded for sentence,

‘We believed the prisonor not guilty, Henoo we engaged to investi.
fate the eave, and report the Court on the following day. We visited
the wrotched dwelling of the complainant, when we discovered the facta
to be precisely ag wo had satielpated, The pawn tickets, now alleged
tohhavo been etolou by this poor woman, she hnd aociaed snothor person
of stealing 6 woeks ago. ‘Tho complainant ie a ntorionely bad woman
‘The prisoner i very much her superior in ioral qualities and character,
‘These representations were made to the Cone, when the prisoner wax i
tantly dlacharged, "She wept with grateful emotion,

Namber $Ab the roquost of the judges, we earefolly enquired into
the character and antecedents of several prisoners, who stoud convicted
of erime, aul who wore tobe gentenced in Cour in afow days. ‘The work
fis embarrassing; wo labor to perform it faithfully, oa to secure the
testimony ofa good conscience; we then leave rerults to providence

Number 9 —Was discharged fiom the Court of General Sessions,

14 ANSbAL mEroR

‘Sha had bees Held on complaint of several bud women, who testified that
she had cut them wih a Rife. hie was a ttomped up case? we knew
‘eto be entioly fas Your agent iatraduced ber to an excellent stage
fiom, where hein doing well. Bho ie lappy and thank

Naber 10—We visits deteution prison, where we Bed & yom
swhnm we reengnine to be dlecharged convick Sho has. deapised
Fvonrnee a sere Pose cate se apes be Senate
ot Tiving an honest life. Sho tells wa that after being tone week in
{new situate, she how stolen 8106 worth of clothing. We felt i oa
uly to adopt the most ofectral means to prevent a repetition of etme

inter cane, She was eed inthe const of genera seins, ad iar in
ber former quarters Se ove uf oge pol eattations We have Dut Hite

ope of her reformation, rine Une becutne a nccoudnathre to ber
sober 11—We foams yorng penton ih perm, awaiting har
cexnuilastion. Sho had boen hold uenrly © moath on. temporary eof
tnitment far an alleged petit larceny, sealing hat, wxlued u¢ 82. Th
onplainant sbecqucntlyascortained that thy hat had been levied, ad
that ehe had acted prematyeoly in causing hoy arveat, Te oettalnly waa
fn sugravstion t bor conduct Chat she neglected to lave the prisonue
‘oad sho was promptly leased,

warty thanks to the Association,

Had torn an innate of the eity peaon 9 weeks for an
nd battery with Intent to do some serious Uodly harm,
[No indict hed yet been foand by the grand jury, The sunt uecer
tained that the priser bad «wife and one eb alot starving asthe
few of his iearceration. ‘The papers were examined; the commplaat
Aid not amocat to tcl; the District Attorney was consalted; he ade
Initio thatthe witness sould not be found; and be, toeefore, consented
to the man's diecharge. ‘The Astociation hastened to alleviate thee
wanta, ant their hours acomo o9 overfow with guanine thankies,
‘We are encourage to belive that thie man wi abstain from strong

Avie in ve Future, and that bis Title Lome wil be tore otatortabe,
‘Noniber 18--Hud been none of enh detontion prisons for soverat
weeks, ona complaint or larceny. Tis boul had fled him seriously;
bis scparer could not be fuynd asd the Association docmed sto bo only
rigit ant humane te procure bie diachatge, This waa aceon plied,
He was euboguentlyEntrudooed to Belloveshoeptas, whore be ronained
‘considera tine, Ho was at longth einsidered. cared, and ltt the
Tospital. He visits again nr oflen; we eond for bis lathes; we bad
weltcan bia feds; e Te aided pecustaily, whieh ovabled hin to eave
bo apyested £0 fel very thankful for tho attention

Nuwber 14—Was brought wp for trial on an iagietment for bare
slay in the 2 degree, having boen found ina butcher's store at miduight
by a police offer. ‘This man had recently returned from the war

OF HE GENERAL AGEN,

Aisablod, “Hin lends ad weleomed him home. On thle festive occasion
he had ipbibod too feeely af itoxioating drink, The offcor Found im
siting on the butchers Mack, stapid and asleep. All theve fac were
sabitied to tho Distrie Attorney, and weve corvborated ty the ofl,
‘he mane general reptation was good. He was wenteaced for months

on by ie interposition probably saved

Number 13—Waa vivited ia prion, charged with grand larony,
We listened attontivaly to hia tory; te papers weve eavelly examina,
ted tho cast thoromgiily ineestigated. We fll strongly inclined, to
belive this przcncr innooent uf tho chenge preferced against hin We
had engagod count, Ut, fom rome onexpined cause, when tho triah
was alle hia coussel was sot im the court to defend’ him. Another
nnsel was aeaignod. ‘Tha witnesses fur the proseention wese called,
Dat failed to appear, ‘Tho tal waa then set down for the following
‘Poeslay. By this time the residonco af an important witness for tho
Aefence was ascertanod, who was introduced t0 the dietrict attoroey.
He fle tho ease muat goto teal, On the dey named, all the partion
concerned having been tobposnaed, the case was ealied om, The wit-
esses Tor the proacextion sain fing Uo be proven, tho. accused was
iachsrsed,
‘The man subsoqrenty called on the agent to retuin thanks for the
‘mely aid rendered him (a atranget), aa be ea na Serbo extremity
‘Was inet with, awaiting trial for an alleged geand
Ho haa a wife and fonr anal childcen. ‘The facta were aa fle
11th of March last,» frend of the planer called. upon
Dim and orged him to go oat apd take e drink, afer having. slated
hp yielded to tho temptation, and eontinaed drank
Ja thin condition, inthe company of his frond, he
tte neighbor, on whieb occasion she let her money, amounting $9
$65. ‘Sle suaposted one cf the two men, An officer was sent fr, and
‘tho whole of aakl woney war Sonnd on tho prsiner, He was arsvated
‘and couveyad to prisou, Whom sober, be cold aut hoindnced to beers
that bo ad taken fom his old fiend her money. The oer ha placed
(Gs: ashe duty) ll the cash taken foom the prisoner in the hands of
the property el, Tho complainant had arranged, some tine prev
sly, © leave New York, and oosld aot be detained until tho til
‘The tiuth i dhe tad uo dele to appear agalust im. AML these facts
wore presonted to the distictattoruey, and, on our recommendation, be
fonsentod thatthe amount, $65, should be retsrned tothe complainant
by the prisoner's fowls, This waa done, and the man was restored to
his disttictod fauiy- Am ueder was served on the property clerk for
the retum of the money, which was promply complied with, ‘Te fe
ity wore unfsignedly grateful to the Astociaton,
‘Nomber 11—We vist the city priaoa and Gnd poor fellow in
the hoepita ell, very aick with ergsipelas. We obtain fom the teal

126 ANSUAL nEDORT

dent physician s certifente confernatory of this fact, We waft on the
fanthrities and procure their consent t0 hie removal, on Ob promies 9
Produce bim in tort lie he shall be restored to health. We consent,
Ind he ig telesod, A coach i provided a he iscooveyed to hls home.
Whon convalescent, we notity the clerk, the witnasaes appear, but

se an unwillingness to prese the complatut. The man wae uocor-

Number 18—Woe bought into court of general sessions to plead
ta-an Indictment for grand latceng. The proposty not being worth 63
"This silly gil reproronted. that

Tehad bon taken by hee feom a drawer and waa missing she
onied having it, ad ah told the trot
trouble, and especial
fof leaving. ‘he complainant expteased sn tmwillingnees Yo appear
gains her, asthe sanity had uo felonfousfatent, ‘The blander and
the nntroths to whic had led were forgiven, and she was discharged,
‘Namber 19—Twen sisters were inmates uf one of our ety prlsone.
(ne was indicted for slonling clothing; the other for receiving au pen
perty, knoming to be stolen. he frmer coulessed fer fa with bit
Aertoars, aeeiting hor bls that the articles wove cost of und regarded
fi oacoss, Sho fully adaite tha wrung she as dove. The agent vox

carefully investigate his case and ascot what bad. heen the ba
Hie and repotation of the prisoners ‘Tho ves ested. Nim iy epee
feoting tothe dntictattornuy that either of thesinters had ever before
bean suspected uf dishonesty. The faites with yhown Yoey hud. ved
dling Ue las foue gears assured ue that their conduct had bean wake

formly eoeect
‘The truth i, the prisoner had taken these articles, bellowing they
were comparatively waslos, 0 het sister, who waa Hiving in vespectable

service, ad she unsispectingly accepted then, The district attorvey

ar shee doe exeredngly wel

‘he other gi! waa nt te penitentiary fortes month. SOch wa
the tests suring of these. young women, andthe aaltary Testa
lesen. by thom, tht they wil eve, we ecient fol, be Ry
Number S0We fownd this man in the Toobe, oh» commit
ment fr disorderly conduct, After conversing with Lin, wo were pos
finded Othe ae welthor a rowily nov anol fender ‘To bad, ho
previous da, drank too mach win, and be ws deccived by it, w Solo
tion aaye mon who drink tare apt tobe. ‘Hr sslerly sowed fo abtaln
in fata, Mis caso wax aubrited. to tho onnmiting josie, and be
was dacharged. Ho had, somehow, Tost his ht, We congrataatod
1m vat Bis head was nota iwhen Yost "The AanocatlonTuraised

OF TRE OENEEAL AcERT, 17

kim with another hat © clean shir, s clogs shave and a cup of coffee.
He then siarted for hie home « wisor, and, we hope, a better man. His
appeared to fel under some obligation to thoes who hed helped bim:

‘Number #1~A" poor colored man lad boon in priaun 60m
‘twelve wecks on a charge of felonious assualt and. battery with intent
{tWhill, "Tha facts are= This mam and his wile had vetted trot early
fn tho evening, Briween 12 and 1 aiclock he awoke, leaped out of
bod and tried to get out of tho window into te iteet, Tle. wife, how
‘ever, prevented lita. He ran tothe door, and euccecded in gelling oot
She poled him into the house, when he seed a Kafe which, wan lying
fn the table, and ext ber in exeral places, ‘She recovered ant sefeeed
to appear agtiaet him, alleging that ho was @ good husband, and at
the time waa out af his head, Theao facts’ were eulmitted, and he was
Aischarg

Number 2—MThis woman, an inmate of the city prison, was
accented ona charge of grond larceny, She isthe mother of four childs
ron. The facts of the cate aro 90 fullows ; A etm of money was lft fa
her hands for eafe eeping ; the package was eponed bys tom of the
‘woman to whom it was entrusted, and two or three timer © few dollara
wore abstracted. The husband of the trusteo ving desert ftom the
army tod sone home to Seatland, sho revolved (now that she ad the
moans) t0visi¢ him there. Leaving « fow d
Dessage, having w strong hope of making up the amenat taken from ho

After the lapse of « fow seeks, she tuturned to New York
her former residence, scoompasied ty her hosband. They
lexpresied their regzo: to the woman that tho roney naed by the gout
ot be restoved al the presen, but enid that they wore not without hope
‘that they shonld be able to pay her. Sho obtained a warvant for theit
frvect, ‘The usband, oa the preliminary examination, was of course
lecharged. Information was givea to the Provost Marshal of his being
‘desert, He yas arrosied aad gent to ie regiment, and his wife was
committed for trial, In tho judgment of the agent, from whatever
stand point he could take, there was uo evidence of x felonious takiog
‘of this money. We felt that the condact of the womay was very nop
hoosible, and, althongl thore was litle or no danger of her ‘conviction
‘snd ponisiment, it was deemed most adviabo, beeauee most jt aud
‘equitable, to make an efort to secure the complainant her money.

‘The agent, bh gi-formed that a gontloman of wealth, « teafientof
te old country, had shoven thie family great sympathy, and ia ill
thelr friend, wrote bm on the subject, submitting all the facta of the
case, Ho replied with commendable pomptitude, expressing, his regeot
at the onjastifablo step the woman had takes, bot at the arpe Line
very kindly tranamittiog sum seient to make a satisfactory repara.
tion. Without delay this was acoomplisbee, and the prisoner was die
charged and restored to her fal

128 ANNUAL REPORT

Nanber 32—Was obarged with grand Taeang. Se bad applied
for needle wk. Thie she lad. pleiged. We aligenlly inguirel
Ir botory tnd scornind hat ae wat tol s0dkied to drinking ot
any otber vi save ue--bnping palsi:” ‘She admit buying varions
Sriles om eet nad sallog tht al aacrfoe—orowing, moneys
hd pledging every portable aici frm ber hows to buy “pollen?
that ee sldom won's prize; aod that the habit had eived her "bod,
Inind ood esta” We eid on hor busband, who contred” her
etuowlignent, Ho bad concluded fo decid ber We wtged Mim
tot todo tie, bub to cooperate wilh ue Jn oor eBirta to save her, and
to acauiesed; the propery. wes restore and alo. was_cacbarged
She haa promised to dn Utter. My she keep ber word!

Sanbee 24—An vofotate young restore” Was commited 9
the Tombs for dnondery conduct. She appeved To fal vey ach
Shamed and wan deply sett of her Fall and conmeqwent degrade
ion" Untor shove eitumtances we sagzestl that she be tranafrred
te tie eave of Mis, Hlchand, or that of Mr, Ofer, mation of tho
Mdaln, suid eier o tnwo dey spot coal an
Tenorio tay inde hr to cinser er wa, and bo astrament
Inefeling a permanent refotastion of is, She waa eat to tho Mag
dole enya

Number 45— When fa court thie morning, an olfcer called owt
astenton tothe ease of ——-—,churgel with pest larceny. Tho
‘omplainant wae intfdod fo on "Ho etd Bad Loown the prisoner
rhe uewen a voapectal morohan in cy, Mo had failed in bust
Tove and of le wan addict to bablle of gross flomperance. Ho
declae to oppoar agua hie. ‘Thin wan, he believed, theft enohe
find beonchergd with dishonety. He begged ue to speak in ba
of his poor en and have hin diucharged. When namo was reached
onthe calendar he war tot pron, His commatnent was hone oan
titcor wit sFeque! tar bo be browght ino court, The ofecr soon
fetarced with the iteration “he's dente died a Sof deintum.
Tonen a fow tioutos singe” Sad fnnee of tho Ttasieating bow!
Seethat tsoald be so common, Oca! sot tow ful ay
Zevegen!” How aul the vesponility of thw who mao and those
‘rus soud the ana beveragel When sally eooqvesta ease? When
hall ty demlations be repired?

Remiee 36-4 young. gich aged 16, wes indctel for grand
larceny. She had, uber bal aves, commited tir eno} tho wie
dmiweve ofthe compluaant Using more fa fate than this cil. The
tooney wae all estore

"To agent ascertained that this juvesle offender had Vive at home
‘with hataront, exept for the laa few wooks, Her deyartare from
Tome tad wall nigh broken hee mother's hear Her patets are oot
aver autor indentslous, thrifty habit, ‘The father reas Lo eo his
Child se huviog brought agree upon ie namo and fay.

Wes brows ato overt to plead, wo mibmitted all the ttt to his
ono the Recorder. With be charctree itrinioa ton, be segues
that lon ofan atten grand lacy cea.” The water
then begged tat her danger be now rstated to hrs We ncoseded
in coining her hat to stain be achage woul probally complate
herrai, "We prgod hort sak fr er daughter, aed fo pofuae er
chit ceck miion to te agian ep for one grin whieh
tn we wosld whic te Record to show tar mere, Tuy Lal bane
{aly evnento to thproporiten, We thn waltod ou te cout sop
senting that, fr the intore of thio young enates the eed Be pled
tor wholesome restrain kind eet ond egaas family diitine
inne of ow benevolent tformatorae, hv our suggestion bis lotr
sen ert tho Magdalen,

Namber 27—Was disovorel in cotody and awaiting. examin:
ation ona change of wewlng fom Wainglow mathe Wo arson
the compat a owed the mater to Besa inigiicat atte he
2 had ns wan aloged, akon polar roma atk She protered her
Shvococs si laimed hat wha ow sho had in er base sot eee
ing tn or tel in member abe hed poked upto be tovel We oc
tended the examination nt 2steock. On entarog he cout rou, we
vere fl tat cho eotplagnt het ote to secure ber Sccharge pe
‘ie $10 was pai him, aod that sever por Goran women had som
Usb cash thoi te and had placed tha vam iinhosdn he cae
vas called.” Wo asked the complannat if he derived to pro cis oe
Pais? He sopied “No “We then afore the cout Tht fr these
few potatoes bo ha extored fom a coda rry por women 61h
comproiin thi alleged invceng” We proposed pots smpaion
Aint the man. Th Jetce atk hin it tars ta tas be ba aon
tone om any of thas peop? He replied: "yu, Jaége a pepe ot
te potatoe, and fr th fwn of my Un have aanped 10 He ae
Petomporilyoneved to retue the amount Tas dove, a te
wotsan ma discharged fom cust. The complanastme aeonished
‘ot a ropeat this conduct

amber 8—We visited the Island oa Sunday and addressed
the inmates inthe penitentiary

That the
company may be sul further diminiaed, we urged every praooee to ae
alcerably resolve, whou discharged, never to commit au ounce and find
his way back to prison,

a the aflecnoon, wo addressed the women committed ty the work:
house for intemnperaneo, vagraney,dieorderly conduct, and in default of
onde to keep te peas, naabering probably fom 700 to 600, Such &
crowd of uiforlanates, and large proportion of theta under 18 years of
‘age ie ad and sickening a

[Assem, No, 62) °

130 ANSUAL nuvow?

Namber 99—A. boy aged 18 (wubject to Bie of epilepey and
altogether ineapable of taking care of himeelf, was held fn th Tombe,
‘charged with stealing a horse and wagon, We hastened to examine the
papers as wo knew not whether the horse was indicted for suing
Away with this nearly demented boy, othe boy for raoeing away with
te horse, We last no time in the solution of tia problem; a eoetiicate
was obtained from the physician of the family; his name was put on the
calendar; the whole cage was subietel co the Recorder; and the child
was orderod tobe diacbarged aud restored to his Sater, then fu cour,
Number $i-Was arrooted i April act, on charge of grand
Tacceny. He wai delicate health, atid thought tobe consumptive. Tn
the Tombs he grew wormo mid worse, Jength, we opplied to the dla
‘ict attoraey (ith a certeata from the phiysicun sowing hie condi

tion) asking hin to give aa order for hin ruinoval tothe Toland peniten:
tiary. He immediately complied, end the poor man was teansfered

‘After being thete unter medical treatment for soto mouths, we ascer

daily, and thore waa uo hope of his

recovery" Hs Family vese some 126 mile feo this ety, aad it eeemed
dosirable that he should get home to is wife and children. Ia eelation
to tho alleged larceny, there wore doubts of ls gull, ‘Tho complainant
could not be found. “Under these ciremmstances, the district attomey
‘was again applied to that he might be bronght dawn to the prison, He
tmsented, Hts name was placed on te eatndat, aud he was with dif
Realty condcted to the cont We thon applied for hie Giacharge. ‘The
disisiet aitorey fotxposed vo objection, andthe acted man, ace be-
ing in custody seven months, wae discharged, The Aaeosiation oovided
him with shirts, a sit of clothos, and sufiefont monsy to onal him to
reac his home, -When he left ut he wept with gratefal emation

Number SIA father and soa bad yen arvested; the latter
aged 14, on complaint of his employer, that he had eiclen an necordoo
fd several other stall articles, ‘The fer was one. rocsiver of
stolen goods, The caze was broaght op for tial before tho court of
special seetions when a Tanger, probably to secare fe, requestid that
4 be went to the court of general sessions, asthe patiee ected to bo
‘tied bya jary. Hence thoaetwo persons find bern beld fr five weeks ia
peaon await trial ‘The safer priaonee was in bed health when fest

routed, but hecame much worse fo prison, and. seemed in danger of
boing almost starved to douth, a2 his stomach rejected the prison die,
‘Wo enquired into his

rand circumstances. He ie = journeyman

tailor, vory infer haa at the busines, and unerably slow. He wes
tunablo to provide food for his family, a wife and 4 eildcon, The few
Acticles taken home by their by were onnrerted into money.

When brought into court for tial, a lawyer present eubmitied the
facta tothe judge, wen the prisoners wore discharged. This family
wore aided by tho Associaton.” They are suber and deserving.

oF THE GuNERAL AGneT. 1st

"The poverty of th poor ie their devtrecton, We soom to understand
‘his, but thoy know i Dy 4ad experience

Numer 33—A finely developed youth, aged 1, was ween ln the
city priv, weeping couvulaively. We datintely enqaied the cause of
Us meatal anguish. He replivd, “Sir, Tam in prison” We asked for
what? He said, “Tam ashamed total you" "And why feel ashamed ?
fre you guilty? ond, if 2, of what? Do tall me; I may be oblo to

perpeteated the act; tll mo what ib was!
Steexpectable persona. T have been well edxested
‘been bestowed on me in every way. Theld a situa
A shoot rent of a wack was given me. In that weck T became ac

‘Toainted with a young man, who had pleoty of money. Ie indeed me
to accompany hin to New York. Thero T lost him. Having: but Ut
toney, aid Being an entire stranger, These

board uta rompestale doelling, was taken, and semained so for throe
weeks, Ou ny recovery, I applied t the genccul post office for letters,
From oy dour mother I received a eter wilh money encloaad, which 1
poid in part for my hoard in avear. T then diligently sought employ
front and was engaged at $6 per week. Tn thie situation T romtined
Some dhree weeks. My employers treated me Kindly, inerensed my wages
10 €8 per week, and aloo fnvitad me to de, over work. In roth, Twas
fearniug move than ten dollars por week, Troosivedsnothor Totter from
Home, from my deus mother, Init abe iufrmed me of my father ilneae,
snd also that my younger brother had act with serious calamity at
School, Whilst he was at his etude, a boy on the opposite we of the
oom bad fod au arrow from hx bow, shih entered is ee, depriving
Mim coou after af the sight af both. My mother earuostly bogged me to
retam hore iiediataly. Thad no meane left ater paying my board
bill and purchesinge 9 fowe necessary aeticles, which Trach required
Coming out ofthe ofc, T aw Tying on tho. dock several amounts of
‘money, placed in envelopon, tobe handed tothe workmen. ‘The thooght
Tike s ash of Fighting, came (ato my mind, "Twill take thls money and
retra bona! Tested de enrlpe, pth nto my pk ad
started for my boarding houre my
‘mother tothe misivoss, I wrote & hacried letter to the frm, ncknow-
Tedging my cvine, and craving forgiveness, 1 told the lady with whom
Thad boarded that 1 was off to Boston hy the Harlem railtoud. T had
taken my arat bot a few moments, when one ofthe Grm entered with &
Aetective, I approached him, aaying, ‘Sir, hore is your money) Taam
‘ery sorry that Tyilded to anch a tomptation; T have wailed yous
Tetiar; do forgivo mo; do, pray, forgive me? Twas arrested, abd am
tow awaiting he action ofthe grand jury.” Such was the story of the
‘out, sal even unto heart siokcniog, We called on the frm; they a

182 ocx meron

fc a eympay forthe a, ad someon of heel ose ha daly
Weare never lntned w euch beactfle and plersing eaprovione of
stheme, sorrow and penitence, at cane fm at young mare lps, All
tore circumstances were properly presented xt the proper time. ‘Phare
tras Gscharged frm custody. He anbueguesty called st ovr fen
‘xpeens hia gratitude for what bad eon doao fur hi and to aform we
{hat the fra hal given hin overoot, ander gare, and everyting
se 10 his ome at & mec re
_Avoed far, the whol of which yas conribled by the members of the
i aa fn tha word; and the menna tken to that tod, ax above de
tailed, wll inno sal degre, give ea iapatus toward sacha result

[Ravonr oy Cases tix Dsouatoro Conver Dxvannwe
(ur beet evmmsacy for the year, se asvon fn provioas part of thie
seer ws ae ta ey oa deg oi a

oval farsa with Woned (in whole or i pot) a
NEn'iy ate they wor ead ut thee data en te
‘iy, and whore employment eo bo more easly provared for thm,

‘Two bendeed and thirty-one discharged eoavite ad uthers were pro-
vided with work and plaocs as far remote from Ueir former aoc

‘One buidred ond twouty.one discharged copviets and other person
sapicion that hy were "prison bide or mira ead, al tered
thd torn” wee wuppliod with clothing adept to tle wants and com

‘The following caer, copied foun our dats, partially tnatrate the
nalare and character af our day operating in thi Very tying Bld oF
Tabor

Nanber 1—eft Trenton state prison in September Tas He called
at our oon tlling akin past hitoy. We Dleved Me to bo truth
Fut, a that he would Hive's beiterlie- A Wile of money wae loused
Di, be baring nove. To fhe oath of December he called to relara
‘but stouat, Wien, a he inorsed us, bo was at work doing well

Te cxme in aga the beginning of the nw yout, long very lk,
He ad been confined to his bed fr fice wocks with seate riconntinm;
Allie money was one, and he bal perished with eld and bwnger, ‘The
“Ascoriation ptouptly supplied his wants; food aad money were given
iim j to new shits, two Manuel slits, two poire of drawers, a pine
fvertont aad par of thick bt were fariabed bla The pow Allow
fai early eared; be could have dunced with fy. Me soon recovered

oF mur orveRAL Acar. 133

big strong, wen a sat of vols wave purchased for hin by the Assook-
Mes ntti pe his mca nH ow
tote an allered any respectable and repeste,

onber 2 tad teen athe peateniary two moths, on conrcton
cf acaaTt and battory

Wen iechanged, be called tour offen and ead that he bad flowed
‘sea faring ie het ho lad boxed io. compas, weathered the gale
tith bare pelea ia te most dsngeros Tatu, but thet ho was nevor
foe a wecl om le shore withont a sot in hie locker and imared
ine jail Hle vowed that ae would rather be atowel away in a whale
bnilyin oho mighty decp thas be erowod over wits cowie In hand by
‘Tand Tabor tn a lskp o peiteniny

‘He roprousned that ha cam om shore In this pot after lng crag;
that he visited Water stot ia tia sity that fe drank, dance, fle

Indy who sully eauned to love him moet

rms novi about ity was klckedoat of doors a pales olor grabbed
tt tens bat hin, adhe was sent pia Zor So nou

ble Ta she fate, bo was urged to disk wothing

ly all means and especially to avwid Water

Taving lout ll he stots the Association sapped him wish nooo
cncy it, pant andor loing sad aUitle cash, watil owes again
‘tipped

‘Nomex 9—Woe committed for disorderly condact to the Inland
sworkbome in defvalt of tail ‘Te lady with whom sho had ved help
rot o fiend, asking’ the Aatclaton to procare ber dlacharge, ond
‘Sepreming lingam to ake
Teligsing sho wil belawe well nthe fare
iting jaten sbmiting these oot, when de wae discharged. We
Tava since load tha abe Ix dog wel

‘Numbec 4nd spent six months in the ponlentary on convition
‘of pti inven. Me assnces i hate was iauocen of the barge} i
‘an perpetrated by » man mon he had wot with tf howe pre=
lctiystbecalpit escaped, and dis wofrtvaate had to meet the an
Sequences. He lionee a ell les has boew taught hi, and he
Tope tas it» good seonant, He expeeeced an anxiety to seach &
Alstant town, whee le was eiteomed  honet nan, and such he pe
‘nice to prove hima Hin gonerel appearance was tech improved by
‘ot hisfaeads Hf was evident

Nomber Was isi a the come of general sessions fn this ty
‘on at indictment for grand lareegy, and found gilt, and was eentenced
by the Recorder for hve yearw to Sing Sing Stale prison. Ho calla at
ste alice when dlocharged, and eanioone that he waa guilty of thin

1st anosoas, mErOR?

OF THE GENERAL AGENT.

to « manshclarr who employed Min. Some monte afterwards we
Serio! be was veg a odoin, bons i
Slumber #Culls agra st oor fic, Her nian i now onder
jaa s seiinss Wt hes ois God eh UA co ono
oe; bor ad fie elcen av vary grst assy, tenor
Toving nse; het to for tere snd ess sn ewe no thet
troxaeepovots ber eraing Gla oan el upp
Tul port woman orelved tot lo tack amitan ito worEhous lst
bert ene sini Go speated fos hry it hey ust per, ee
‘terme they shold a porih togtion he Astiltins cheefaly
auttiwed to tek pressing nceiien We sve groied fo add that
fer hued’ ponectar alo redere te faoily sme peeuiaty
ilo fels ©stog doi to oe Bi pardoned
esber 8=Calle thank he Asovadon forthe advice ivon him
when bosp ito cour ta plan oa adctment fr peving oe ares
Unb” Bat for auch avis, be eos erly have’ ben
ited nth tsind logan aod then nntoncd to dre years at Sieg
Bing. He pono nove to forget teeny shown tobias bot
‘ke ecorder He hopes the twelve monte opt in the peallatery
frit ote loston in, ewan lded with cating and apeat fois
Nombér 10—Was convicted of ptt larceny, telng two sler pat
soonn ard nomecther Ile les She wanton frthree moar
5 be pntootay When charge i ele tou tes end tears
thn hie wars imped connate her out af a egal
This rages doa ta he, or wll on montya to hua enn Gero
{ees} the complainant" sake on bat vison eh ""We most
tera the aac onry wo aks eammonny itp llowedy we eter,
aorta; th ee nde menseao werve, alo
Gerad are preset Te psintit ls br ungarieed tle i oan
Serroboraed ly Ge pallor eter who aw te ching inthe psreton
Gf Ge dtodane when bo aroned i Womn fray allege pe oe
troy, which property they eogegd heap surf fr hea
fui ow inated forthe tomrey of wal ceting, Tue dfene
ern hth pope ws et tn ten te
lowing ook the court eve gent fr pet a damages of 160
Wo sal not proceed for fae recorry af ar wagon maw due hen
ito 671. Tell then become grave guest whoter te pe
2 oh dr i inom tana ioe
mms sh ule vet. ‘Thin poor woman was aed
eater 1-—tai taco ia Platbach peiteatiey threo sont
called a or afc and preted ta he had bara a psiton geet
Fracticn thi th old eonnty ant hin had ce nds
ry intamperate babi daring the lat 16 mony bo bad seep

136 ANNUAL REPORT

stroyed himeelt, soa and body, for time and eternity, He now retolyes
to abstain from all kinds of intoxicating deink, and once more bectine

‘is eatecnal eppearance was much fmproved; be was also aided pees
aiasly and then intredacel toa situation an ausse in one of oar hospital
When we last saw btn, he eas doing wel

Nomber 12—On hie discharge fom the penitentiary (12 mos.)
says he worked hard for the whole term aud recelved noting whew he
Tel, not a cent. He found it @ hard road to travel, ‘Tho heepers are
sot ll angele, and in the whole eoncers there in nothing likey to faduee

the inmates Wo reform theleTives. Hehopes, however, never to be found
Innuch a plight again; better for him to die, i prepared, tan setarnt0
‘0 terible a companionship. Suitable clothing, good. books end peed
ary ald were Fucnishod bi.

Nomber 18-—Wae trod, convicted and eenteneod for grand larceny
fn the cont of gonoral neasons on the 13th Sept, 1859, 18 yosem in the
Stato prison, Sing Sing, By bla wolforin good conduct he had, andor
the commutation aot, euved three montis and to weeks, Whee bo lft
‘the prion, lo sd placed fn ig hand $8 feom the anthorities for over:
work, He hes through fiend, obtained employment away in the
‘countty, ‘The Association farsished him with two hickory sbirte, two
‘white shies, a night shirt, vest and pants bible, so other good books,
And suficient funda to pay his passewe. "He appeared to feel thankful;
may be be preaeeved from ev

Nomber 4A poor, distracted woman, whowe hraband was sent
to Sing Sing about’ 16 mantbs since cals at our ofce and asks, conld
not the Aseociation induce the Governor to pesdon him, he being very
Fenorant man, who was indnoed by twosld ofendene to necampany thers
neighboring town,and there pase cocntefeitbiMla? ‘The meat notoeou8
‘illsin of the three turned States evidence (a woinan-whobad been often
Srveated); the two mon were eonvioted and sentenced for five soars. The
Association wrote the commiasionera of public charities in behalf of she
poor wamae aad her elarging children. “They are sineo aiod Uy Diem
Ad the Assoeiotion,

Number 18—Spent six montha im the penitentiary on oonvietion of
potit larceny: He atillprotasta hia innoconce and asserts thatthe police
fice testified falsely, and he knew ithe bopea be wil fel it and ropent,
Defore he leaves this word

He had worked in a ety remote from this; theve he was regarded a
a maa apright and honest, Tho Aseociation improved his esternal p>
pearance, the furnished him with @ pass and pecuniary aid

‘Number 18—Reprorente that he bow knows whet liberty means
Never will he be fovud in bad coxpany again. He concedes that he wan
with a mean chap who atole a cat, "A thoasand times has he wished
‘he carth bad opened ad ewallowed them vp. He remiads us that we

(OP THE ORSERAL AOEN?. 137

once gave uiterance to a living trath, that ft dooe not pay to bea thie
ven if 4 man could steal §10,000 an howe. Hosece it clearly. Tle hopes
the three months epent in prison may not be thrown away.

was enabled to leave the city desoatly, andl now at work earning,

1—Was rrosid, tried ond convicted on an indict
iment for robbery. He was sontenced 19 Siog Sing prion for 10 years
fod 8 months, when he was V7 years old, Hi nocomplice was 18 years
of age, and Im was sentenced 10 yeara and 6 nonths

‘Pale ps fllow's history ie = ead one. Hie mother died when be waa
but an fnfant. Hie father was habitaally intemporato, He had no one
tocare for him or lok after him, He isd no home; no edveation, Hs
halite were formed in the midst of the most degrading associations
‘Tho low theaice, the drinking celle, the andergyound bells, were the
placos in which he was schooled, and be naturally hecame en export in

‘His wrotched father, what became of him? He was banged in the
yard of th city prvon won few years aince, having been convicted of
fuurdor, The woh, who now calls on ue tells aa that he means to ive a
better life, He may havo acquired muefol knowledge during the Yong
10 years he as been a convict in Sing Siog prison. We trast he hss,
bbut our hope is not unmixed with fat. To secure betler health, we ad-
vised # long ses voyage; he promlaed to adopt the conree recommend

Nuuber18—Had spent 12 months inthe penitentiary for an
alleged attempt at grand laveany.

Hr calls to ace, and says tat hie hestth has filod him sadly, and
bis conscience bas whipped him by night and by day. He resolves, if Ale
tnighty God will bat Lelp him a Hil he will never bo found fa euch a
‘eribledilemina again, — We asked him, "Do yoa not need great help
to get the mastery of your inclinations?” He replied, "No, think i
the Lovd will but take [ne Jn hand, i cam be dono easily” Ho fal
‘anxious to reach his friends, a diatanee of 120 alee from N. ¥. city

"The Associaton supplied his wants and eent him home.

Number 12—Oa sonviction of sant and. battery, had been
sentenced to the penitentiary for one ronth,

Te eas at our office, and representa that ho nover aaw the ined of @
prison before, and from the Hight he has sequined from keen obserration
and « paints! experience, nolbiog on earth xn induce im t0 alter his
pinion Ut the owtaide of «prison ia the best side; and ho hes on bia
Ines, veth tears of contrition, acknowledged. his vices and his faults,
cearoeetly praying for power to tesiat and overcome them. He hopes
ever tv expose himself to euch diagrace and humiliation again

Tho Aaivelaion eapolied han with clothing and. sid

Nuntber 20—Wos tivo mouths ta the penitentiary; he hed worked
hard without pay, and did aot dare strike for wages. Worse than thi,

138 ANNUAL REPORT

he had to mingle ith class of exestnnes lower than the brute eeaton,
who were tzrribly degraled by rom and the lowort habits; and worse
fen than all thot, he eould not got away from himself. His ow com
fclous guilt made bin ynutzeraily wretched thle was there painfl than
to be governed and coerced Dy unfeeling Keepers,

He appenre to be sincore fa hie determination to Tive @ better Tie
Ho was intrduood to work, and war sided By the Assocition,

Nomber 2t—Was encouraged by hit kotper on tho Island, where
he had spent two months, to call and cousalt us. in reference to
ie family; how he ean reach them, and whether itis posse for hm to
‘esover the propesty taken fom him hen he was arrested by the pales
foflcar, which was nut hla ost, at that of his employer,

ie questions woes satisfactorily anawered; the litle property was
restored bis external appearance improved, peotniaey aid afforded hoy
fad he went home to hie family in better condition of bidy and. mind
Trith exprotsions of gratitude tothe Assocation forthe Umely aid. ren
ered bin

Number 22—-Was committed to the Taland workhouse in default
of bail, and on complaint of ber busiand, who awore chat she
tras the last few weeks sadly adicted to dviaking she had fused to
ook Ie tesla; he relat from Iabor, he would id er in helps
condition, lying’ stupidly deauk on the door

He now calle on the Association and informs that his only’ child ix
ery sick, aged tor yours; that he cannot get to hie employment; hence
drant nd ruin are cowing on hit, und be will be eruae

He has heard fram bls wife, ‘Sho solemnly promises fo reform, and
sill take the tomyerance plage and Kecp it He con belie hor, a8
sje not a mean, untsuthful woman, but the committing justice eofuace
tollisten, He prays the Association U9 aid him in procaring bor dic-
charge. "We cond a frend to visit both husband and wife. We ascertain
that che has norer before given him trouble. Wo have coufidence in
ber promise #9 ahatan,

‘Her discharge was obsained, He vubsequently called to thank ws for
‘our humane interposition, saying, Mr. Beal haake God, she sbstain.”

“Kuntor 28—Was convicted uf bigamy dnd was sentenced. to Sing
Sing prison for two years

A few months subsequent to his conviction his laf wife obtained a
Aecree of livres, but previons to bie discharge ao fet ansious Co asber
tain the sinto of bie heal whinpors were seat to snd fro on the tle
graph wires or by some other mysterious oguney j notes were finally
Etanemittod, at length he leaves the prison. Tt miay lie asked, what
Decamo of the divoroe? This deponeat saith not. But this we do bap-
peu to kuom, the, the fajared one, forgave hie his follies; a econelia-
tion Zook place; under advioo of thoir fiends these two became one ;
they were rematried, and are now living Lappy together. He was tem:

ANNUAL REPORT 139

portly sided by the Ascuclation. He is now dovoting his time and
oergies to is bnsiness, and earalog a respectable enbaatance.

‘Number 24—Nineteen dogeaded women aud throe indolent, drunken
loafers call on the agent from our various jails, penitentiarie:
Iiepitals and worlkhonses, aking the Associaton to aid them with
los ned money. A few of the most hopeful were selected. and tom
porarly aided ; the est weee sent empty away. Tt is not posable to
bop those who refuse to help themselves,

Number 35—Was tried ia court of geveral sessions om am
indictment for passing owe counterfeit bill and attempting to pase the
srcrmd.-Hovas convicted and sentenced 40 Sing Siug prison for» term
of Bie years and ix months, Ho workod in the brass auishing” shop,
find wae discharged in Jane last but miserably -wenk and dilapidated
in body, aud not moch belter in sind. He obtained employinent and
sustained himself wat bis health completely failed him, and now be
falls on the agent and axks despoudingly, “Me. Heal, ob, tell 2,
‘what shall Tdof” We augagested that he scok adnission’tu one of our
owpitale in this ety, ae he wae too wick to tcavel. Aa application was
rade; he waa admitted. and successfully touted; Mis health was
opeoved, ond he was discharged

He calla again on the agent pecuniary aid was afforded for the
parchane of thoes chinge bo toxt teoded. “He ie now in hia former
Employment, ding well

Number S6—Calls at ovr ofce and prays ws to write tothe agent
and warden of Sing Sing priaon to place ber soforeannte. hasband
ina shop where be can ear trifle By overwork, as sho end her fout
Aelpse little ones are wasting bread, We consented to Fnterpose (a
heir beelf; pecnniary aid was afforded ther, for which they fle
‘hak

Namber 81Calla on the agent tn eay that he fs nove moro chan
fever rosslved to be an honest m had spent two youre and
{tro month in State prison for an alleged grand larceny. ile Tela
certain the offence was committed when be was under the influence of
strong drink, or he should never have perpetrated it.” After hie arrest,
‘when restored to his right senses, he felt overpowered with sharae and

"To avoid « repetition of such a diaater, be proponea toabstain
from the ust of intoriating drink, ‘The Asrocition provided him =
‘pees to teach the country, ad furnished him with the means of support
nti he reseed home,

Number 2&—Had served fire years in Stato prison on a convic:
ton of forgery in the nooond degree. He had Worked in the shoo
shop. This was the only offence of his Ife. Te made a small eum by
foverwork with which be hae made his mother more comfortable in
hher home, besides paying off aoveral obligations which ho bal con
trctad

140 ANStar REPORT

Hl now asks the Association to please provide him with employment
‘and tools to woske with, We fuleoduced him to several. porsone pat
Teogth he foud work. The Association body him waet of toute ad
he wont to woik, encouraged and hope
Nuuster 29--Had spent six niontha én a penitentiany, Dita
was the conse. He calle at our offen and vows ‘he will never drial,
more than two glee of quor at one sitting. We showed him a mote
excellent way to avoid ice, poverty anil erimemnot £0 touch, tate or
handle the Bret glans, oF the fst We handed Lim « portion of
‘Temperance Tales, IV work othe
He suw clearly thot tho dangor te in the fest glass
don't take that and all romaine well; there in no fear uf exoese. He
‘wae furnished with suitable clothing and Toft for tho county.

Number 80—Calts #9 explain the cause of hiv rocont acveet, Ho
tells uo tat he came from the country with a young man who owed ite
885 5 thatthe young man had resolved to enlist aud thon poy hin the
above sim. He wae rejected ly the doctor
of other exaninaticns, be bad been thrown in
‘wont down hill with tereiblo velocity. In the country le had never
frvora an oath of played « game of cards dice or such Tike and searely
rank » glass of liquor; bat heve, in New York, be oon’ nequived bad
habits, end followed peraiclous examples, At length he was arrested,
charged with stealing a shave from a membor of the gambling Teeter
nity. He protests bis innoconco. Ho was, however, convieted and een:
{enced for two month to the penitentiary, The Assoclation flt strong
sympaths for this young waa. Ho wae vont home t ie salons parents
in the country.

amber 81—Thia iin aomerespect, the moat intoseating case wehare
to report inthis department of out labors the past year, "L. M2” was,
some 4 or 8 years ago, diacharged fiom Blackwell Talend wie abe bad
boon for many years an slmost cinatant resident uf the penitentiary ot
‘werkthouse, Sho cameo your agenton her last lischarge, and, afer conte

ing end exhorting ler, he gave her a letter the nies ofthe Female
ome for discharged conviets. She remnined there four months, atthe
fend of which time the matiun obtained for hee aituation iw x hlaian
family inthe country. In March lest wo reecived a letter from her, ene
losing one dressed to her former female sssodiates on the Talend,
‘sppenling t them and orging them, almost impaesioned terme, to for.
fake their evil eaarses, and live @ better life. This appeal was read 10
the Bxeeutive Conmiter attheir meeting onthe 294 of March, snd drow
tears liom may een. It in transcribed here just oi une writen, exoeph
Mat the spelling (which was very bad) is eorrected, and punctuation
marks and capitals (of both which there wan “ plentifl lack"), are nap-
lied, “Hore, then, ftlows the letter, cortanly a remarkable production
‘omiering tho eoure

(OF Tux GENERAL AGENT. ut

‘Tae Avvast

6, girls wil_you not ty, with, God's holp, whon_ you leave the
{land o leave of all intoteating. aiink? Twit those few linen

fons hoping tay, wit Gots lg thy may bo he eae of nde
ier of yo i gut gn T ave oon conten fama of he
ifs for aay seat
yey tue! lee

fees fo" my fre
Mise year

Beal at
there | remained fone month, and Nise Bann procured for ie sh alta:

Tent now bol
‘Now, you need

tty any more, ory z
hits bit leeup ov taping aud praying Zo your bleseed Patho to enable
onto resist the devil and all his worka, and be assured that God, it hit

wer your prayer How far [have suoooeded you

iy But walking ia the str
dof tha eating:

Tham gain and my blond Redeem
Ot, women! 1 eannot tellhow mush vejolaing there was ofar tho prodI-
gal nuthoca return

sy in
twenty dotlara in sending
"Now, do you not think T at

to em age, acd sa for yearselvet inet way God may
have bees working for yi in your gests of sbeence

‘ove dear sinter wil you mot take course and ty again? Put

ote trast in the blero Jesus. He will help you i you wil let

‘im, “Sappoco he should this Gay appear to you inthe form fa whieh ho

142 ANNUAL REPORT

Teruo

at ne this ad

‘Seppe He shoe address ox tho in poron, what answer wont
1g zee rm tha sch OF ould sou ug ler me wi ene
ei “Lind Seas thnlinat overcame wei ily lve Hee com
eat fo tg teggest! OF will you notated im joy this dayt Wil you
ot give tlio desatacton fle requee? Hs dyes. are sew rome
eel an ring

tan etree gs ‘bere sorrow shail be.no = a on weary are
wai = apc veces tte ots te
Him more and ste in a fe Gece
Tacs sa eaeene ees

(op SHE GENERAL AGERE. M3

contdonce tn thei sincerity; ond beliave the change in them radial and
tnatiog, and we have beon lighted to sae th evidences of progeessive
provement in these fallea but recovared men and women; ft the
bade, then the eat, end then the fll eaen i the ear. We are familia
nits iay who were onco a trouble to thelr families, an expense to tbe
Biate, and a cutae 9 the community yeb who are now oveupying posi
fione of emolument, respectability and usefulwese, From this stand
point we fel that oar fort have not been in vain, Under the divine
blessing, we havo S00 Snatramontal Sx accomplisiog some little good,
borehi how dintoative, comparatively, the acount of ove eucoosses!
We cannot forget that 31,381 pecsons have been acrestod In ony city

‘hin the twelve months past and had every dishonert man hie deserts,
the number woald have born considerably ineveased, The population of
bur city hae not yet attived at poretion. Alas, wot hore are thou
Sands an thele way to exo, to prion, and o ruin for both worlds. Vala,
however, ly all efort to arvost the coarse of the torrent waa i bo
Sayed ab its source, While the sonees of erie remain untouched, we
labor under the greatostdifeslties and discouragement

‘The causes of crime aco pubjects whieh occupy your best attention.
‘Your agent cannot evoid w momenta referenes to te igure in the Hest
ofthe tables presented in a former part of thie report. OF the $1,381
ppomns arrested daring the year, there were

OF temperate bites ° wo" debe
" fotemperate % Teor

ager

‘Thote figures are bad enough; but ey ave far fom vorealing the
hole truth, Thoroset doven at of tomperate habit, are so reprosented
tn their own statement, A good many say they ate tempera, when
‘hey Know the reverse. Bat the idoas of the criminal classes on the
sabject of temporaace are excsedingly crude and defective. Unless they
bhave a drunken folie every Uo or threw days, they really thiok they
sre not interoperate, onc, one all st least of those who give them
riven oat tamperate, ought in rality tol transfered tothe coluom of
iterperats which wold swell the lator elaes to 24,099, end dininiah
le freer to 6802, What a vast volome uf poverty, ignorance, erie,
and wretchedness do these slataticn present to 08 athe direct roll of
intomporenco! How filgitel, how appalling to contemplate

"he fearful increagoof homicides ant of exits of violence, forces itselt
esperially on ou attention an boing manly, if mot whally, due tothe so
fof intoxicating drinks. The trate is pregaant with perily and woes
Fnoumerabie, and onght to be suppress. Caner tho Legiolatare be
Jnduoed to withhold censes from groceries, aad then punt with ae
sid imprisonment overy creature who darer tv sell in deianca of law?
‘his would strike at the oot of terrible evil at once, ead vice and

ae ANNOAL REPORT OF TH ORNERAL AGREE.

crime would bo wonderally diminished Gontlemen, please aay to our

‘We cannot conclude ovr report withoat the hutliting acknowl
‘ment that vou and erie ute Terfally om tho Snereae, among ae
pepstatin” Dreskenness, profanity, prostudon and dishonesty abound,
There es be no doubt bat ram i the cause of all this een of troeblen
Why she moral and ineligent portion of our citiene do not some
there evils fsa problem of dificult solution, Juvenile delinquency ant
crime, t0, are wudly Ga the Sheronte, and our prisons fall to dolce, ar
Fadeonce for oot, the two classes abowe refered to, What cau ln done
Aoroneh and remy the evil fa grave question, which shold. engage
profonadly the attention of the chritia, the plilanthioolst and the
patria

While we fect unfoignedly thankful tom gracious providence for the
Increased faites introrted tour Associaton, for the aids lit of
‘sctarged prisoners, and the proseeutln of ou varied operation, the
heer apsistanoo tondered your aggont by oar respective erimieat
‘courts, district attorneys and their serstants, end the within em
‘rally, ye ean bat express oar thankfal appreciation, Gentian, of your
{geucroos enoperation fw oar work of meesy and labor of owe. We ope
to be spared to pune our acemtomed avocaion with hnea!elty aud

‘with earnest aspiration, tat the fatare may be more istingelebed for
‘sfuluces dan the past
am, Gentlemen, sous, with reppect,
ATRAHAM DEAL,

‘nuponT O PRNTTUNTIABIE.

(BK)
REPORT ON PENITENTIARIES.

1. Aunare County Peseta

Ti onlin tas bon to Sally doreribed fn provlows report, that

ina only nscgoury ta wate euoh faste ar any of terest during the
1, Gonstrution aud Oonition of the Budinge

[No material change has oeourod sinoe the last report, exoopt that a

sum exovetig fre thousand dollars has been expended in completing

the buiings ecectod the previons year i painting the outside of the

‘sin bailing, sd eroting a Sick sable, «carriage boas, and sheds

igonal sooarty againat tho escape of prianers bas boon pro-

oe the Jormer port, aud the warden, Me Plletary, el rele

‘No eecape fom the faterior has
fogurred alae heft covapany of the prison in 1846
2 Numisr of Privonrs, and Employment

At the date of inupacton, the numer of prisoners was 367, of whom

iiber commitiad daring:

15 males ad 269 foals)

sided tothe in confinement Octaber 1, 1868-41 Sales the

{otal samt in contuerent dating the year 1,100, There were let in

‘oufoement October 81, 1864, 855, of whom 978 were mule, sd 60

208, thre were diacharged daring the year
71 aig eit ats wan, Oc BL 80, 38
change ew ews

Pisnegel ty cons sud oad
De ae
‘otal sumbor dehargod daring the year,
‘The monthly avoroge of prisoners fu coniaemcat was abont 895, Ya,
1289 males and 93 felon
[Aswom. No. 62. 10

REPORT O

Of the 687 committed during the year, 104 wore sentenced by the

courte ofthe United States, largely for miltery ofencs.

"The manufacture of shots coutinves to be the busineas carried on at
ne ander coutract with persons in Uhe
payment to all the able bodied eon

‘iets exeept the uumber required fbr domestic work.

3 Rewonuea and Brponditur
‘Tho earnings of convicts snd other incomes during the year ending
Oct, Sst, 1864, mere as Follow
learnings he male departient + #80150
Rooepts from vistors ard fr fee ‘Sai
Board and ease of prisoners from ote counties aad United

‘Total amount of income. ‘Boom

‘The expenses of the penitentiagy forthe same period w
eprovenonte and epac.
thing aa beig
Fornitare
General expanke sezouit
Bailing accounts.
Waa t82 55
‘Gain tothe penitentiary... 1913 19

‘he salaries yo tho oicers ofthe iatitation are aa follows
Superintendent. $4,000 and board
anes eo

: ‘tase (G20 each} w

5 Oyercoes af shopa (2060 cach)
{ Watchmen (8000.

Amo pai for salarion besides board $10,480,

‘The amount of euraings of each pelaoner io 20 oF 80 cents per day,

‘according to the length of bis sentence and the consequent efficiency of

his work
Priseneve sont from other countive aro charged per week from 81.25

to 81.
‘The nt profits of the institution in 1808 wore 17,528.29; in 1864,
815,118.19; dimuaition in not profits, $2,851.08,

PRNTPRNFLARIES.

Station of Bove, Nativity, Crime,

ur

‘The principal table contained in the laatreportof the Superintendent

condensed
iber of prisoue

Natizeo of tho United States,
: Ireland

other Bavopeat Qoaaitay,

Crimes against Person
sult wan to

_ Crimes eguin Prpurty.

Bangla, foes

Ente

Fon

to era me

Latceny je

Obtaining money by feu, a

Mindemesnoty. 5. e0see a ieee
ary fences of aroused.

‘Showing the terms of Service.

‘Lets than one yess,

and $25,000 fe 6 Sen oe
od and than Tn

11

48 REroRT Oo
10 yours and loas than BL ee seseeseeee
we Z :

Fi

Daring the war

Daring ite
Total -seeee

Age when Committed
Under 20.0... ae :
Between 29°asd
Te 0 a0.

Bacation,
an read an write
only"
Cannot read.
Total oo
“Habit

‘Admit themeclves to be intemperate.
latte to be tomperut

Total esses

Social Relations
Marsied Nase
Single
‘Total

2b, Health

‘the general elt of the couvicts was good at the time of Inspeotion.
‘There has beon a muck emuller nonber of cases of deliiom tremens
than asual, ‘Thirty or forty eases have occurted annually, and often of
the most aggravated type Only two euch cases have occurred daring
the past year. The causes in part of this very seat decrease are, ia
the opinion of the physician, the high duty on aleohulie drinks, aud the
fnlistnent of intemperate men in the army. A considerable proportion,
too, of the prisoners are negives, snd the physician remarks that in
practice of forty-six years, he has nover kuown a negco of pare blood to
Ihave delirium teemens

PENITENTIARIES. 19
‘Thre area avn dest daring tho pat eam the following

{Odin mein

TAC UUNa be Gey SULA be Mioopon ead robin
sagan dasatauinen eater eaea eee
ee acct clue ere ae
the nnn Hye aoe goat a
Say ose cages algnee Be ee eae

Sn Seer
maces Or tstia te Geet iene ae ene
Spm pend sua ALS a
ea tl 2 pared
ee eee an Ee

‘Sorat 8s

150 REPORT o8

Of this large sum, fifteen thoussad one hundvod and soventy-three dole
Yara and ninety-one conts ($15,178.01) were accumulated during the
current year.

‘Notwithstanding this surplos, the fnatitution ha but a small library.
‘The sum of $250 only has been expended for books during the yea,
‘This small expenditure is not duc tothe fact that there is any want of
interest on the part ofthe convicts, Ou the contrary, iti stated, inthe
‘official report of the inatitution,* that thote who ate able to ead, lady
‘ail thomeolvos ofthe books, They are im constant ase, aad. handled
‘with a carefulnens which shows that they are highly appreciated.” At
the same time, there are mang prisoners, expecially those confived for
pilitary offences, whose eduction ix maperior to Unt} mort ordinary eri
jal. Yot with all these inducements oa ibersl appropriation, not one-
sixtieth part of the surploe earnings is expended in the purchase of
Dooks, Righty viewed, w borat expenditure la justifed for the mere
parpose of diselpline, for if prisoners love 10 reed etitable books, what
eter moans ootld be deviged for forming batite of quiet and of repeat
ing » disposition to twebulenee ?

"Tho came il judged ceonoms ie vsiblo in the clothing farnstied to tho
prisoners, The male prisoners are not allowed shesta upon their Beda
Dut only blankets, which are washed! at considerable intervals of tine
‘This comrse might be tolerated, ifan institution wore destitute of means;
tbut in the ense of thie penitentiary, ita without excuse,

"There isanotherfesturecf theaystem, which deserenapasoing remark
It elates to the provision forthe religious wanta ofthe prlaoners. The
Rev, Mr, Dyer, city tnssionary, presches in the penitentiary twice every.
Subbazh, oaoe to the mea, nd once to the women. For this labor be
receives the meagre remuneration of $800. "He perfurma uo other service
Now, this importast prison sorely ought to have the fall time and
energies of competent chaplain, who, considering the eminently pros-
Derous condition of its fivances, should be Hberally rewarded,

“We do uot believe that i le the tive theory of prison discipline to
ssimitate convict labor to alave Tabor, and to get as much Work a
‘omable from the criminal, and to vetarn aa ite as possible, “On the
ther hand, i i believed to be the eotruet docteive to eppropsiate the
fain portion of tho surplus earning of the prisoners to their use; to the
purchase of books, if they ace willing to ead; to the employiaent of jade
ious chaplains and teachers, wlo stall suitably Instruct them ox the
Sabbath, of in theie leisure tine; and to such amplioeations in theie
physical condition as an enlighteued judgment would dictate

‘We do not care to go further into detail. Wo strongly recomend
‘hat this serious fault in the management of thia Faettation should be
cormwcted. Temay then become infact, what some of its fends now
claim that iti, « model penitentiary

"The supérinteudent har desersedly the reputation of an excellent dis

_PENITENTTARIES. 151

ciplinarian, We wore pleased to hear him aay that tho results of hie
Tong experience were to incline hita to less severity than be hd formerly
practised. While we wonld not wish any relaxation of
Vigilance, wa believe What he ie the most successful adi

pablie jastice who associates inflexible Grmnces with a ebeerfal apirt of
Eindneea, and who regards his prisoners ax wards, to be influenced as

soles coment
at TL. Moxkor Coury Pexmexmtany,
1. Gondition end Gontraction of the Butdingy ant Ground

"he Monroa Conny Penitentiary i situated a shor distanen from the
city cf Rochester. It farm conics of thirg-tro acces of ferbte and
Sell cltivaed len, sn iswoed to supply the atttion with meoeneary
Teptitlee Tho management of tho fr i creditable to the muperte-
Tonlnt, being o contacted nto foriah«coniderable wren of prod

Th prison cousins of cnt building, which i wed for alloy ad
tho ratanc ofthe raporistndent aud Coy wings oe coutizing calle
foralon and the elit fu oman, ‘Tho atrangeraons for fomalen ato
Jnnofeene fr the number conned, Tho misahievioon practice ie
opted of puting two inthe seme call, ‘hore ere now seventy iw
Cale fr thi clans of prisonere. Ite in contemplation to mate ouch
tition tn the tuldinge a will furnish one hundred and twelve elle
‘hore wan expended during the year 1862-8, te sum of $104.18 in
secosury repair ard tho eum of $0508 in wow ervtons,""Tho hat
tum wae ee fo the caatuston of «atta Ulding forthe tor
ge of copere stock, ‘These expendicares were mateftom the earnings
Of the item

‘The mean for anjplying water to the inaitation aro very Tinted
Welle ste now rele spon. Phoro shoald, however, bon, abundeat
soppy provided from Geneare river, which ie bat «hott dtance fom
the pentontiay. “Wo worsgratfed to learn tnt tern projet a
foot fr elevating water ftom to rivr by. hydewaic moane ts Mount
Hope, toa pin 20 fet atv the top ofthe peatentiny baling, Tele
éatinated that thin wor can bo dont att tant of 810,000. Tt wou
‘oth posible fr dhe mithorte to make a etter expenditure of money
thn to eatry ito foc: nome fete plan of this hind, ‘The grest
‘rant of th nition i increased feces Inte Diloge ant So
apply of water. ‘The superintendent fol trong
improvement, a ito hoped that tho board ef aupervsune il
AcE with pend and efiioney

2. Number of Priore

Ase rept ternary or 186 hao nt bee sve ho
resalts of 1868 can ony be given, There worn soufuoncnt Ostobes
Ast, 1862, two handred pergite suty-one prisoners. paler
Heceived from Octaboe Yee, 1503 fo Selb 1

Tolalcaissaieievsies

REPORT Ox

OF the mumber received during the year, direc hundred and eighty.
three wore males, and tro hundsed females. Foor hundred and sie
wore from the county of Monroe, one hundred. and sixty-six from other
‘Counties, und eleven from the United States District Court.

There were discharged during the year five hundred and ninetyfour,
leaving in confinement October Lat, 1889, two handred and ten,

‘The causes of discharge were a8 follows:
Baspent of fan an expiration of sentence
Discharged on bell. ae

ty omer of court
Pardoned by Governor.
Death =
Bscapes
‘otal. oT

‘The largest number of prianor fm confinement during any one month
was two hundred and Gfty-cight, of whom oue hundyed and soventy-oue
swore mslea, and eighty-soven females; the amalloat number dusiag any
tonth was two hundred, of whom one hundred and twenty were males,
and eighty females

‘The prisoners are occupied, as heretofore, a the manufacture of shoes,
0 cooper'e work and in firm labor. The income from the shoo shop
during the year 1862-2 was los. than usual, owing to the fact tbat the
umber of prisoners capablo of performing’ work: waa reduced,

8, Rewnues and npenditure,

‘The income of the iatitation forthe year in question was 832,424.17
1 was compooed of the following items
Barsings of aboe sbop...+-. 81436 10
Gooper ahoparssensess " 201 18
Fe

alow ap sevunestesion %

80
86
70
$09,494 11
poses for the same period wore as follows:
Provisions, farafture, clothing. cose $3638
Gene enone : 3.800 83
int improvement. -
Duthargod convicts
omcance

$15,021 68
Gaia to theinstitation..-seseeeesenee 59802 08

‘The salary ofthe superintendent nat the present time 81,700 togetber

PRSINERTIARIZS, 158

‘with the Doatd of himself and family. Weave no moans of knowing
hetlier there bas beon any change inthe ealeriew of the other oMiers
since the Tast eeport

(Contracts sre In force for the seception uf prisoners from a number of
‘connties, wnd from the United States courte, at rater varying: fem

he institution are $81,805.28: of thie 824,016.88 is
called available, aod 87,248.80 consiating of forniture, machinery tools,
‘So, is termed unavailable

4, Slaton of Race, Nativity, Crimes,
‘TABLE No. 1.
Crimes of which Convicted
‘The eviten against the perton, of the degree of felony, ate very few;
‘single cage of manslaughter in noticed. Tho crimes against property,
of the grade of felony, consist ofa few cases of conviction for barglaty,
forgery, grand lavoany, cheating and embeeding Yetiera from the post
office,” ‘Tho convictions of this ind Ald not exceed 85
‘Nearly all the convictions to this penitentiary are for minor offences,
OFthe entire number of 888, there were for

Assualt and battery,
Prostitution

Dranennoms sid iad conde.
Petit larceny, rageney,

‘Aad for other offinces of higher grade...

Tota. oi

TABLE No. 1
Sowing the Term of Stee
loss than ove sear. srssessos if
(Ge yar sede th
Toe a SNS
Tota...

TABLE No. 1
Age when Commie.

REPORT of
‘TABLE No. 1V.
Education
Reed and wie. tee
nd

Re
Cannot read

Totals vores

Tntemperate
Temperate

Total

8. Hot.

‘Tue general health ofthe conviets was good at the tine of fuepection
‘There wore but Few eases in the hospital, anil those were of ehrunte di:
feasee. During the year fm October Tut, 1862, 49 Octobe 1st, 1863,
there were six desthe; one from cholers morbis, thee from deliinm
tremens, one ftom old age and geacrel debility, and one by aneide
ince thatdate there have been four deatha; t1ofoom delirium tremons,
fone foun consumption, and one from abscess £6 the thigh, eased Uy
venereal disease,

6, General Remarks

‘The dist of the prisoners is aliundant and wholesome, consisting, for
Dreakfuat, of mea, hash, Uread and water; for dimmer, one duy pork,
Deans and bread, fonr days enmned beef, potatoes and head, one, day
poup, mest and vegetables, one day fish, potatoes and bread; for supe
per, inaals and malasses. ‘The moalx ave all waten in the cell,

"The saw dofect rexpecting ventilation ax was noticed in the bast
report was observed by your committee, The tubes in the cell walle
fwere fad t0 foenish no adequate draft, an, althongh the yoofe are
surmounted with ventilators, there ie no proper eotueetion between
them and the ell does

‘The punishment is mild in its character, Flogging is sometimes
resorted to, but the stripes have been the maximum doring the past
yyoor. Females are punished by darkening their cell. There is « don
{goon which weseeto glad to hear Was but seldom uped, for It i situated
fn a ecllar, without the smalleet opportunity for ventilation. It is ua
to be used in any ease. I that mods of punishment isto be resorted
to,a vew dungeon should be construeted, Whenever punishment is
Inficted, it the practioe of the siperintendent to converse with the
‘men, and to give them the reagone for hia aetion, Hl is convinced that
‘this course has ao excellent efook,

"Thee cecapes hnro nsourred dering the past year. They were all of
‘men who were employed outside of the prison wills. ATl were rotalen,

PENITENTTARIES. 155

‘The management of this nntotion fa wot ao dint as that of the
‘Albany Pentestiang. The prisoner aro eel all omitted or tv
afinces and for rt tort "Phe superstondent fe at once font
{hd Kind. ‘The latitaion i ooducted in « manner whiGh je adapted
tothe characior of the prisoners antpromoten the ond of the public:
With some eapenditres on the part ofthe sperviors fr balding and
waterworks, the poteniry wil accompli all tet can be reusnably
‘rpected concern hor ar prises

ATT, Rave Coosee Pavia
1. Conruation and Condition of thr sings.

‘These, in tsir present condition, were filly doerbed jn the lt
report "There ina Tnmedioteneceanty forthe erection of how bud:
ings for tease of ti prisoners. "There have been, dering he laa yea,
on handed ana ten fate, who or the tates of only igh
sally king ba fonpdve puueners hv mparcio ceueeatyg Sie
Seventy were place two in ach cl. ‘The conn ofthe male prison
Wan ell wore. ‘hte ave but seventy elo, and there. were sodued
Tithem more than ae hwoded and ftfontpriaoner a owe Lime, a
that thre were in some instances ite Piconers ine all

The si of there els, wil be renaibere, is fur fet by seven,
Nothing enn be me Infriown to tho pysieacondition of the famatos
orto their morals than uch a cours aa fe necesarly adopted fa tie
Penitentiary. To call ination a reformalrye mile soca co
Aiton oan bose of words sta mockery. Ay of the fem ps
verre protien of th oat hardoned aud depraved charac die
feced in oly and debanced in spirit Alay ofthe male priachers ane
Cid aid shaclenseximinal._ ‘Those persone ae necessarily forced nts
the company oft ignorant and thoaeles, bul not thoroughly ven,
duituqnet.” "Toe penitentiary tue becomes vemary of erin; lao
theses of vce, which twas design teraieate Tee to tect
of thosupetntnene that bo orgesn stons terme an morte ee
Drovement an the Commissions othe penttentary warmly sees
Etggestions. Tho apervnore should at ones take te matter ea
Wenn but hope that phianthropic gitieman tn the action othe
Sine will epareno pain to semone frm Ee county the dingeee of
bering its prisoners in natrow eis, to bred daeane aad vine

2, Number of Prisoners,
The number of prisoners atthe time of inepection was 168, of whom
305 weve females and 68 males, The daily average of prisoners forthe
Sear euling September 90, 1864 was 158; of whom TO} wore male,
fnd 824 wore fematos. Tho largest tnimber in ang month (duly) wa
106; the amollest number ip any mouth was 141}, (November 150d)
Thuere has been a very great increase of the eonmitmente of femelos:
{is, uo doubt, is largely dno to the defective arrangementa for taking,

168 nevon? oF

care of them, Tho aupovintoodent states in bia report that nearly ne
ha of the oats of tte pram are constant patrons of penal nations
‘What beter proof ean be albvdod of the evi opus ofthe vicious ays
tem of fring avcommodations too scanty forthe nmber of plea
emt

‘There sone fetare pecliar to this institution, which reesves strong
‘omnmendation fom th euperintendect, By the law anthorilng et
fences to dle penitentiary, tbe prisoner fe crdited on the due impored
pom hi, ily ces fr every das'eservion. Tio rlo operates to dix
charge prisoners, wo otherwin, on account of that poverty, would have
fo means of gaining thee Ireedom.  Wellleve that it woth bo advace
fagoons fo extend she rele tothe clber peitentnres of the State,

‘he principal wosk dove a8 tho pesitentary ie the manefactoe o hae
seas and sale hardware, Foals work seal af hia serypation
‘full mmber of loses aa appeared to have eitained considerable sil
land dexteity, 48 malon and 88 fomalee wore thos employed ne the
‘no of inepecion, 18 fonalua ware engaged Io eane work,

‘Persona, who wre vot prisoner, work inthe sume shop withthe cone
victs.” This course fy bellowed be injuicious, ATthoWgh the commit
tee cannot make any positive statement on this point, ail is bordly
posible that ontinnal association with convict should not have ©
Segeading effect, No ayetom of surelllancn ean beso perfect as to pre
‘vent commentato batworn the prisoners and their fellow worketen
Tels, eves, a very natural consegnence of the “contract aystem,
‘upon which the work of thi and other penitentiales la condcted

2, Broenven ond Baponditures
‘The incomect the penitentiary for the year ending September 89,1864,
yeas $25,600.92. Tuvwas composed of the felling iene
Cath on haa a
eoeived of esuuiy”isneutore 220002
oived funn Gonteastars.s-<
Bet wt se zi

e ain perl weet oe fllows
21808 sonnseee SOE OB

Iredale
Movin ig sido
Inprovemeate ante

Besides 8651.18 hocrowed money, the intitation owes fa sara
{$1,888.50 leaving it in deh, after certain ssucts due to fe are dedsetod,
{nthe sum of £1,998, Is property is estimated tohave increased It

pestering, 1st

ales doring the year 8996. Its net gain, therefre, fr the your ie
$405

"The expuees of his yar exceed thowe of the prosious yoar inthe
sun of 800466

ihe extinated appropriation to be made by the county forthe coming
oar over and aboce fhe gassing of the inetitation Io $20,184

"To ealaron paid te principal lees of the ition are a follows:

Seprienteat one

1 phynelan
4, Satin of Rave, Natty and Orman
nde tis tan af or pr ana sade 0 the exc
tablee prepared ly the supesinteant, Mr. Potton, which give x mime
tmurgof ll the atatiatce upon tia subject fom th formation of the
Fnmtiaton rand to the wardens ofthe otber
pent hs preparation uf altar tablen, which will
prove of gecat sorieo vo ho cause uf pron diselplive, ir, Feltow's
‘bles ae soe fn fall

‘PRSINENTIABIES.

J—-GHOOAT "IVOIIOTONONHO

fo nog ‘gears ‘oe “60 )‘pojmawos aww ‘aowspeee fo wy Bouffe
iad BOND ee Oa penupe tower. J GOD WWOIDOMONOWHO

5, Heath,
"ers ws operon ini la te thn ngectin, No
‘epidemic disease of fal claracor ux provalled during the: year
‘The numberof casea of eqpbis i larg, and ery Ile i accomplished
by wayof eficeting a care Ttwould be desirable to dovis sree mex
by which a eopecvision might noatiaue to be exercised over persshe

‘footed Ly this clase of dioasos ater Shir wontons hes expired.
"There laa been a considerable umber of pervs wabject ko delism
rane persone in the Snntiation, one @ male and the

the prion calla reasunably good. ‘The mothod
by which fre ale fated int thom i taeda he lat tepor.
8, General Remarls
la ata serves ih ran oceans an ao
fiom seem, The peiton odor, x0 ofan obeervable in futitations
{Bia nd, isnot notiged ere. Not ony are te ors and ells Kept
fa adinirable condition of neatnee, bud the clothing of the prisoners la

‘bo dogbt tat ifthe evpervioee would provide Min with stale butt
5 te fatation would be codated ina mann alloguter etic
n diecpine
"Kcreivble ivory has oon iad ring the yeu Dy the cout
Dutione of Benevolent Individoalswnd by purelase
"Thete is no provisin for seenlar ualracion, no for vligious tease
ing, except that the chaplain ulde a service om Sunday fteroon. ‘he
Chaplain Rev. Me- Lewis, wold be glad 0 do yore fr the prisoners
than he ca nthe te sme afr hi by the denands of the
wguttact ayetoa”
‘For ator marks concerning the clothing, diet and general care of
‘the pris, sefnenoy ix made to the report of lst yer
IV, Oxownaea Covsey Pontmrnans
1, The Conaruction and Conivion of the Buln
‘Thesa were fly described in the lant report, Soo wat tne a large
“The mein

va veote wh gre
Tailings are lepratively roped forthe accommodscig of the poe
tera tn wow woeeray er poepate ele eas fn the same ron ia
Sick coe els ato nce” ‘The commie do ot dst erie te
De apgeccaoe ofthe present Paildngy, as it manifestly inpowsible

orntndeut Yo ako that eae of them, which woald be reuson

esines tants. 11

aly expected in other cates, The superintendent ie a fair nd candid
‘nat, wil tid for hie powition, har tho intreat of he prlaonera at

fy and parently Gow lf thom which ix pombe to do inthe
reset tate of confevon, ineident to the destruction of many of the
Prison conveniences, ‘This report wall be confined 40 = bare wtalement
Ui faciecaccernag the poitantiary during the st year

2, Number of Priors

‘The vnbor of prison in conSacmont at the data of inspection
war very coal, Thore were oly tietssinee,siteen of whom were
May tad sorentce female ier sonfacnns, Oster Bt,
ora wes 65) ihe susor TesivedJarng the yout wus 249; whole

“There wore dichanged ding the year, 886, Thees wore reloved
fiom cortty atly Of tho orpcetn of tor wntencon end tne pay
‘ist of es." no a pdr the Gnverooe

"The overage daly numb of yrenere dag the your ending October
11,2883 war 2. "Hn was 39 por day lew hast previous get. The
teineiboorie from ali cto er tease nel.” Onto ratty
Shieh ae previonslyeontrtnted« soniderable manber cf Tamales 13
Us ototon, baa erected workshop la consooGon with tn aval
2d employe its ow prisoners

5 Revenues ond Rapendiure

‘he rernse ofthe pnitntary during the year (Oetober 1862-8)
vee $1,828, contin of te following ere
Ropsved thm aroun source, inladig work x shop tad

, op

“more 38

secs ia and toe rca ces SSE SS
- oom rH

omni sure 2,800 60

beanies $1,298 99

Toe exzodior for the sae prod was 8146134. Thin tom wan
cxpende ie ation, provi, eerily es enapt SHOAE toe La
Pavenent and ei,
The amount retied for tm of planer fom other consi
‘mach smaller shan in previous years, y
Th lain of tv pial crs area lowe

Soperntendent, #00 aod sapport of hin
uty 200 aud beards

‘Tin prisoora whe do not work on the f
form are all engaged in the
smanufctare of cano-seating for chains, The males sod feualey sre
TAatea No, 62] n

162 vont ox PRNTrENTTARIES 168

‘employed tn the same abop. Tho work

erage compunsition reclved for Weir labor la 22 cente per day TapectSovommodetionesppliodcohim. We hope that ofoo a

‘The mates work 10 ours; lhe femalee nt 0 ong. an ates placa, blige may be provided wultable foc the weal
"Pe inttoion he connected with i a farm of 1T cree of Tend, cle {hy county ia bc eh inttation is paced

tivated y convict labor Tei wel led and yields abundantly 1. Rivet Covwrs Pasteset

one Uy contrac ‘The rth mary cli both i dhe ehracr of in priser and he

4. Bisiation oF Crime, hour vist to thi nsiution, wo ene op anfortanate ato Gnd the

‘Tc ofeecet for which the prlonere are comaltled ace asly of sogeroteadoat sboent Tlving uo facts at nr command except suck
suinornatere Of ty 319 preaers conloed during the yous, about 840 etna ery ried ot forth (osha annual veport ofthe board of spore:
trove commisid fr disorderly eonduc, vageane, potty Inreny,seauTt sear doco of te ntttion mast noone be mouse
Tat batter, prositation, Re, 82.220 wore Toaee and 120 feral are
121 cold svat and write, 9 G001d rend only, and 88 cond either send Looe ape
‘or writ; 826 wets falomperate aod 28 claimed that thoy weld tempe
Fit AU with to exception of 13, wore eentenced for ot more hat
Hx mouth. Tho longest sentence was 2} ears

5. Generel Bemarts

‘Te bealthot he prisomere war qd at the tine ofinepection, There
were po dctin during the peat 1864, ‘The prevalent diseases were of
ype matre

"Phere wore fur datbe during the yous 1263; one from deliriom tee peas gre aia
cae ne fro epileptic ie, one fom to wonetal disease, an ope fod sauce
(pci fvee ‘The number of prtonera conned inthe piven:

‘The dit ofthe prioners fe wholesome and notitioes. At the time of Minny Ag 1 F863, was ree
Ingpocton tbe las fare was flows: ural iniere commited dating tis year was 909

‘Broakast, codes, beef and vegetblee, such so beets carrots and tr 3 a

jpn Dinner, beet, best soup thickened with vegetables and bread, a
potatoes, cre, tomatoes, beat made of fou and cra meal and mush ibe A een toe
Boprer, mh aad molar Average numbur da

‘Pee stahenot tithe same aa that described in the ast report. age namber doring
‘Thesaperiatendont Leepao reed ofthe punisbmentainicted. Chains 8. Income, Eqpaditure and Employment of Prins

Moe he attempt to seca. The dangeon i roasted
This badly contend ad wnt vo bo we

‘the pootent condition of she penitentiary buildings Sethe samo as
tet nthe last pert. The mnuin bug Ss poorly adapted 0
fre raced th ditty

‘Tha income fiom allsousces davig the year waa $3,664.58. ‘Thie

Bails mvc cose 502 40

rsa esting a Sm

TeRM Siti bare pus forth pranowordhy efor a eta thi

see ree vcrinaneat besa, Religious tooks have also Boa supa

Tear eathe mentee by the seroctation wed by ehurcos fm the pi xen ding nam ri ern

sity sneagares rude spl fa closing, fe) 436280 08
an pred and thig-vevloion were added tothe inary i he Balan board of Kepern, heevsecereree 12058 1

We have to exo om

see eres ote tue inirmain which he peri
fn ee retieInaeumasredcomeeaek ‘he oronce between this san ($39,843.58) and the earnings (3,564-
aan eo har ne copaat ba thy autry expen 45, unouing 1 9903980, om the coty teary
TERETE Nic with thee (eaten. Mc. Bao bas to steagsle “ioe cxpenes were iocrnted over thos of last yout fo the sum of

nr thasks to Mf. Baum for bio Kindnoes aod Inilassietaccd ea svose BROS 69

164 aout on

$5,361.44, Tai excous ia partly acoonnted for by the enhanced value
‘of anpplie aud partly by the large increase of prisoners over the
bor of she prosious year
‘The prisoners are employed as ia former years, ‘The miles labor
sy fm working for farmers ithe neighbors
The fomalen vsnally work within the priscn ut sewing
the tine of inepection they were entitely aneupleyed and had been
{ov some week
‘The amount pald for salavies was $10,301.25. ‘The warden rcesivea
£81200, and seven acsatant Ieepers §T95 each, ‘The physician reccives
$400 por year,

4. General omar,

Most of the commitments are for csinoy of am inferior grade, Nom
bors of vagrants are sont bere who are Ait inmates fora juvenile anylum
for an alms bowse- Some were las of not mora than ten years of ages

‘others sore blind men who were withoat vistbleneaas of support. One
DF the iamates, wen his sentence expire, is regularly committed at bis

‘Some metus ought to be adopted whereby more jodgment will be
exercised in makings commitoents, and th alasiousae an aeyinos may
receive their appropriate subjects

The interonl management of te pooitentiary appeared to be good,
‘The brend is excellent, and the general dit autetins.

Tho areangoments for washing aud batbing are very defective, The
suprviaove should oct abuilding-battrealoulated vo sbeervothe wants
‘of ho priaonare

Heat is mupplicd by stoves plocod in tho same room with the
ells, The building @ but imperfectly warmed Our visit was ta
tho wioter, and though the day ‘wa uot acverely col, the roome wer
‘hily and oneomfortbe

‘Thete were nn poreons seriously lat the sve of fuxpocton, except &
Jad whose lange wero considerably affected, having. caught cold since
Iie comuitment. ‘There are a0 eonventances for alak persone at the
penitentiary, and the severe autor labor to which all the male pris
fers are subjected, fx loo hash Sor persons of delicate orgaaiaation

These was a Teature in the female department whieh ie quite novel
‘Th femate prisoners sre permitted to bring thir yonnyg ebldren. with
tem. These happened (0 tn bo collectod together at tho time of i=

‘They mero healthy end bappy. ‘This pein in aid to
nt infnence wpon the shers, and st the samo time pro-
sexes the childeen From many evils

Te punishinents in the prison are not ballawod to be severe.

Flogging with « cowhide s occasionally administered, ‘Tbe prisoner
is frequoatly compelled to wear chains, We are inclined think that
this mode of puuishment is resorted to too often, At other times, tho
prisouer is coufioed in close, dark coll, without adeqaata veatilation

-PENIBRITTARIES 165

‘This barbarous punishment ie too frequent in al the penitntiaies, No
dungeon or dark cell was found which wae properly ventilated oxcopt
[perliape the colle in Brie county ponitentiagy. ‘The prisoner ie sleo ne
{Quid in eomneiastenoce, by way of anishment, to weae an Iron ciccle
‘out the neck, with long projecting points, This is worn tight and
day, to hia exossive dicomtoct as he cannot Ke down, Wat mst sep,
at all, ina eanding or sitting poste,

‘Ks far ay we could Jara, usthing of importance is done hy way of
moral and religious instruction, There ia a amall election of books;
1a no regular Nbrary

"This insittion, im many respects, fale short of the truo doa of @
penitentiary, We ary at & lose 19 character it Im its practical
Wworking, itiaay be sald to be a combination of «jail and an almboase,
‘with moun provided for setting its inmates ot work

Gexous Remake tox tue Pexerexruue Sxsre,

single commitoo having visited noasly all he penitentiarlan of the
‘tte, ifs doomed proper to make sowe jeneral observations in reapeot

Tho ponitentary system of dit Stale cannot be rogarded a reform:
story in ite character. Tk partakes almost exclusively of the nasire of @
wworklionss, Any refarnatury measures whieh may bo adopted are in
‘idontal, and of the most moagre character

Ti Two tondency of tho aystam i to obtain tho greatest amount of
work feom the prisoner st the smallest poesibleretmen. aie tendency
iermostolesoreabla atthe Albany penitenUarg, party becanae the aysteur
Thur there an false opportasty fr lus devstopmeat,  Hoonomy ie the
swatclwned, and he fa the most agecouafl superintendent who makes the
Thegest net gain to the inatitation, The demands of the prisoner, ts a
individual, are igwoced. He lathe victim of meystem, "By hiseentonce,

is at outlaw from aocicly; by the aysten, he Lends to Beoome an out
law from decency

TIT The inevitable tendency of the prosoot organietion ie to ensta
thesdvantages ofthe prisoner at Hao precise point whore Hberal expen
Sitore fg most needed. Hie physical food conant be greatly diminited

iemapply of Looks and of secular and religions lastraction may be reduc
ede pleaoure. Thie diiaution hus no impotiate perceptible tect only
‘appotre ia the ceturn of consiets by naw seutoncos t thelr neouatomest
aunts A wiso statemanebip looke far into the fature, and would
cetablnh « agetem which, not #0 apparently economieal, would im the
fend eave encraons aud continual expense by decreasing the mamber of
‘cima,

JV, These evils ro intonstiod by the present plan of employing the
prisouers through the mediam of contractors, Ite evita’ tha the
fonteactore should, by dhe Law of trade, eadeavor to ota ll tho work
‘hat in posible from the prisoners. "hey mut work every diy aod all

166 REPORT O*

dey. Gonvict labor anbstantially becomes slave labor, with miny of it
feoncomitant evil, Tis role in preieely the same: the largest amomt of
‘work forthe amattet rotara

"Y. There fe room for» ponitensinry established on the vigtit pla,
wbics, while it exacte task work fom the prooner, elves bint
Gpporianity and weary for olf improvement; which ta for Faves
te prloner somewhat ia the same condition ar «mechanic. In
ordinary lif, providing a tne for work, as well wea time for read
Sng and insteuotion; "@ aystew which tapers fcmneay with ind
ress; 4 apetems which maker no show of te peoaniary profs, bot
‘chiovea the high and honorable datinetion of sanding ity prisoners out
‘om ia government beter citizens and lees likely to tepent Weis erie

‘V1, Hach of the exinting prniteninios has chatactertaten peculiar to

(I) The Albany Penitentinny ie by far the moet important, when we
‘onaider the auoiber of te prisoners and tho chasacter ofthe oles for
‘which they are comanited. Tu Tact, It isae neatly to the dignity uf &
Biate prison isthe Etate prison of tho Uniled States goverumeot
‘The lending characteristic of the institution jn that it acta nnawere-
ing obedienes to law. The clement of powor is everywhere cbusrvabley
Kinds tay not bo abvent, bt itieat leart ovembadomed by authority
eit » money making bnatitution; It hs «forgo ene, att neces
‘Dy populse withthe board of soperviers

{2} The Monro covntyintiatio i wet a ierportance. Tis felons are
{ow ite “abort term” peleoneen are very tuterone, Hs boildings oro

Gealelon, the superintendent fntredncce largely inte bie government tho
‘ement of kindnes.. Personal chaatierent lx selon ited; ever
‘without conversation onthe part ofthe superintendent, and gn eadeavor
{Yo eumviace the convict that Corveton ie necenary

(2) The Beis county unttution hoe inferor Unildingnandappolatnent
In aly deficient inneseseary conventencor.Mtepriarnevs axe lrgsly
ofa degraded rather than of «highly crlssiaa! clas The superintendent
bus ite faith in the mere exereiae of avthority, bat aime to govera
mainly throngh a kind and considerate Ueatmacat of his prisoners, ‘Tbe
{otittion execls in cleanliness and is free fot wanaeous dora t
toekee na aouey bos ie hesry charge onthe cont. It eat heenme
‘Phat it onght to. bo wot) w more Hiberal expenditore for buldings
{Eid other appointovents i Inaugurated. Should the aypersaoce put tho
inatittion onthe right footing Ia thle reepoct, a high measure Of #96-
‘otafl administration might be antiipated

(4) The characteriatien of he Oaoudags Penitentiary can not be sf
‘cently traced, owing t0 the coafuson cacasioned in ia arrangements
ty the recent Bro.

asrmesrtante 167

Baving
ements for work or instruction, it ansumen partly the

character of ¢ jal, and partly of an almsouse, "Tee buts fndioreut

limshouse, for it eompole is paapers to agsocite with eimial

TABULAR StaveMENT

Comparing fe deren pnt in reel income, expeniee,
ike privney ey Tye nome dried from oh ape.
rat uct end spear tn repre id

\

:
es, |

Ee. ae al ee

All of which ie mae ‘submaited
‘THeoDORE W. pwiant,
INO. ORDRONAUY, Comite,

New Youx, January 9, 1966

ls oxpntreconts ty of toma psy chagei 182,

REPORT Os DUACKWRLL/S ISLAND PESITENTHART. 169

Crasifcation of the Agni ox flor, ia

Undor 15 years sores
From 18 t0 90" yeavasscc00

()
REPORT ON BLACKWELL'S ISLAND PENITEN-
TrARY.
1 (o10 years.

a Over 70 youre.

‘To undersigned, a8 a committe ffom the Prin Astuistion, visited Tota
and eamaed the penitentiary inthe notih of agua. They. ore

Cordially recelved Uy the Warden and freely condicted trough is
Garlows departmental enti wore feankly and itelligoalyanewer,

‘setotor ths inetitation bas boon frequently neds reports made
on ite examiuaiion by commlites, whine naractve papers, with pa
Aicelars sod station arn pit, nd conte patie of former Re.
pos of thik Aneoiation tothe Kegisatre) Warefure the widersgaed
oneder it needle fo report such dtala and parteulary, et wil eam
fo their report on thls occasion, tainly tr aotoe Goveral romtska,
lice, not enly ta tia pelteniary, batt aller "ple fae
fons for charity and corres.”

The commiten, homers, will Gat give 8 few statistien of the pon
teatinry forthe last year, which are desved ftom the proof abet of
ite" Wardon'a Report to the Commissioners of Pate Charities and

sehich he commie ae
Fodebled to the Coniniesioners chief cork, it, aba Pilipa,

Mhe toal debit and credit amostin fr tho Tact yeae arog lows,
vin: debit 915,818.04; crete 90,5058, leaving balance of net ex"
ones $3,867 38, i

The convicts received numbered as fllom, via: white males 289,
back AU; white nul 458 Black 42; oat 981. "There rained Tdecentansault nd bating.
December 31, 188, sotal 278 Hatltahies forth doses

Diocharges during the yeer were ax follows, vie: whiln males 34, ti late eerene esos
cl STI; white females 44, Hack 37. Total 19, OF thi numer 8 Mlegat ving
trite males were pardoued hy the Governor aad 26 whive malo and 2 oii,
shite femlee were discharged by babeas expats In appears that 20
Tick malo or female njoyed na wach favors ether fromthe Goveraor
ce the courts, Total of death of above number mere white ales,
‘rite females & Total

eras of sentences of the Convicts ae fellows, vis

Total esses

Gharacter of the education of the Convict os follows, vis
Read ei write well. oes5.
“ oO Iperiacdly
Tinpecteey
Uaedneated

Total.

‘Social condition of the Conviets a flim, wz:

Witewess

Total...

OT

[ULAORWELA’s ISLAND PENITENTIARY.

Employment of Male Convicts prion to commitment as flloes, vi

‘inate
Tota

Employment of Female Convicts prior to Commie, a follows, 0
Geeepaton.

Chamber aid

Dresematers

Servants sss.

Shirsmakers

Taloressen

Nuteesso sss
Total...

‘Tho “ Tsland Hoepitel” and the Small Pox Hospital, in thefr domestic
concerns, are under charge of the warden of the penitentiary, who cone
acted the committes thrvogh the various wards of the prison, which,
with these pitiabla inmates, were noticed with melancholy and
Pinfol interest ; bat ap that department doo not seom to. bo

sbraced within’ the particular purpose of their visit the committes|
mako no report concersing the rame, farther then to express thet praie
of the warden for bis kind and efficient aarvices in that sad and serious
part of his dates

Proper facilities and convenfont accommodations are furnished for
religions instraction and secvioes; th reeult of which the warden did

172 REPORT ox

‘ot think fo be of much enduring effect on the convictes at all events,
in na corresponding meaanre with the plows and faithful efor uf many
Denevolent visions who specially take intorest in that metter, Tt ia
truly atony ground whereupon to nove such seed; Int it ia a matisface,
tion to ow that baseever inpropitins the sol may bey there are those
who are glad to bestow thei labor upon i

Iki a great cor in public sentiwout that prise are designed only
for the confincmeut and puishineut of erimine—that thoy are sieply

penal institutions, and ignoring almost wntively the matter of reformer
tion, If tha fatter purpose was mere justly appreciated and eppeopria
ste appliances furnished, with jndicions efforts wae fori promotion,
ro doabt hating Uenoft wun attach to many of the prisoners, wd
corresponding rele? inate tothe public. Tw thin connection we repeat
‘whit hae hoen before said hy one of the tndersigned in a former eoport
Ae the matter now stands, the prevailing opinion with our commusity
fas (o the daty af society in prison afoiee, coome simply to be thet
‘offenders against the laws shionld be caught, condemned, imprisoned and
Dusished at the amailect expoase,” Improvements ia prlson dleciptive,
fs conmoctel with judicious State policy, and with considerstione applt-
‘cable to the ples of humanity or the precepts of religion, do not appear
to-enter into the thoughts of most of nvr citizens

"The consmittee in their examination of the various department of the
penitentiary find prevailing nestnoas, order and aystem; which, ta
their minds, is satisfactory evidence of the skillfal management and
faithful attention of the warden and of the “commissioners” wader whore
fathorty he acts, Teis to be rogretted that tro of those “eominiesione
fre?" are about to be superseded by the appointineut of two new men.
‘This remark must not be received as a reflection on the character of
‘hose two respectable citizens who are to take the place of thuse whose
terms of office will shortly expire; but the committee cannot retrain
from expressing tel regret that the valuable experience of those fico
tommistoners is about to bo loat—and further, they aro constrained. to
State thoi fears that, at the expiration of auotber year, the valuable
experience of the other two of the criginal “Commissioners of Public
Ghavities and Correction” will be lost The undersigned consider the
provision of the law which places at Lazard such experience and svch
Yaluable services to be of very questionable policy, The frequent change
{isthe administration of our pablie institutions, whether of a penal oF
charitable characte, tax been the principal auuree of the evily hereto
fore prevaling in most of them, and eapecally lu the partealartnstitae
tions now tinder charge of thoes" eominiasioners,” when the same were
fn the control of the politicians of the eity—and their possession sorab-
id for by each ofthe pasties as erie and stores, owt of which the ran
ners and wirepallers wore to be fed and clothed, The undersigned
Took with jeslousy on any lite uf action which tends to a recurrence of

BLACKWHLL?S ISLAND PENITENTIARY, 178

‘hat state of ati in those inatitutions, and which, i is greatly fear,
will recur if there isto be & peradieal change of adminiatration and the
power of determining the change resting with the paiteal party in
fie at uch period of time, It may be that “rotation in office” is a
politic and available rule or party purposes; but experience hes shown
J to bo hazardows and oRen injarioas practico in connection with
sdminiateative and mluatorial Boers kuowa tobe skill, honest and
‘cient.
All which is compoctfnlly submitted ly your committee
JAMES #, TITUS.
WM. FALLEN,
‘New Yons, Jan, 24,1888,

ord)
REPORT ON THE COUNTY PRISONS.

‘Tho uuorsignod, appoint to visit and examine the eommon joie in
fo several cvati ef the Sats having per. te bat ftir
ability, the daty aasigaed aheun,respectally submit to the Executive
Compitee the following

REPORT
Toro ar sixty cuantie in thie State eluding that of New York, tn
which the city prison, evrmmonty called the Tombs, answers to the jaile
tk otereountie. On ates (that of Alban) ha
nels 0 hat the whale amber of
{comme Jail a the Stat, aod the mumber actally ited a inspected,
fe sty aight. The comitioe have endeavored Edo tho work assigned
‘thom fittally and thoroughly; and they fock save that they are quite
twithia te trath in aging that aw amowatof labor has by ‘th
‘work more than equivalent the tine of one man for an entire yee
Boforo prosopding to a detail ofthe Yeeute obtained by this oxiaustive
‘etamination of out eoimnon fall, the conittoe would state that 000
Biderabio part of those roralts are of nator that adits of thls being
throw into tabelar frm: a form best adapter for wady, inference, and
prartical instruction, ‘Tiny have thorofare prepiced, at wo Kile coat of
fino and bor, an estendodaoves of statigteal tables, eahibting & com>
piebenslve view uf tho condition of tho alla is 1863," of dhe ceiinality
‘Ot the State, aad the adainstsation of penal justes forthe same 9
fand ofthe causes most active the prodaction of erime, Tye sad abled
>to think, both interesting and def

trill Ee found, shy hee the am
1 they certainly ed fod

Auctions and generalcatins, thet may
the etatonnan ae tho pilanthropin, ina variety of aps. Ar the com-
mts may, aod certainly will, have feequent occasion, i the progress
of thee report, to refer to these tables for argument and illustration, Ht
wll be proper, befor entering. pon the ep ite, to give Deir se
feral ites ad's short general view of the extent and nature of thet
Formation embodied in cach, They may be divided into wes classes,
comprchending th jail, the administration of rian justice, wod the

‘ COUNTT PRISONS. 115

1 Tae Sas

Tanne 1—Contains wht may be called « eentus of the jails for 1889,
chewing, st, the. whole nsuiber of prisoners committed; ercoad, th
Grontest mumber of psovers im jail at any ano tno; tied the aver-
By daily mumber; und fourth, the number im prison at the cine of
fnspection.

Manus ic—Peesents a general view of the etlsloality of tho State for
1888, os shown fn the commitment to Ue alle during that year, and ex

IMlits the charges on which the aid commitments were wade

‘Taste wte-Hahibita the woveral ways, a8 far as hey enol bo axces
tained fu the jail rogistorn (ovhch ate very defective tn thie expect),
In wbich the prisoners commited tothe Jalla in 1868. were discharged
ftom the same

“Tanut tr—Showa the expense of tho Jal for 1888, nthe variows Stems
ot board, taakey's fous, medical sttendanco, clothing for prisoners, bed-
‘dug for tt, washing fr ditto, repair, furaitwre, fel, Fight owning
lind whitewashing jill, and wistllancous expenditures: gives the total
‘ezpenser of eas jal forthe year, and tho average andl expense per
Prnouer; and tater tho priew por week for boned, and tho estimated
‘aloe ofthe real eotato ws fo jall porposes i each county

TPanus +Shows the social relations of the prisoners in jal tho dime
of opection, wi, the oumber married; tho nomber single; the nomber
‘widow; the nubiber having childrens and the uarober ho ost both
pareats, oF ether, before the aga of 8

"Tana wr--Rshite the etvcational reasons of the prisoners in jel
atthe time of inepection; showing tho whole womber intercogated and
te muber who cannot read who ean vead vals, who can read and write,
And wh have a superior edueation

"Tame vneitehitte the more and vligious relations af the prisoners
in jail a the tine of inupostlon; hose, ue before, the whole number
Tniterogated; the ounber claiming tu be total abainents; the number
‘aiming to bo moderate drinkers; the number acknowledging themselves
to be intperat tho prvpottion of commitment dao, tu the jagmeat
teh aad jailors, 12 the one of ntonicating ignore; the mamber who
4d not atend Sabbath scluol fa youth, or attended only oocasionally;
fhe number who claimed to have attended Sabbath sclioul rogelacy;
the number who adaitted that they wore not in tho habit af attonding
‘hurr and who may, consequently, be presined to be habiteal Sabbath
‘eke tho numb claiming to be aitendants a€ chaeehy the wumber
dicted to lownees (prvattates ad Trequenters of bro
Trusting, o gamUling snd to theatre going, and the number belonging,
severally to the Roman Catholic ehnreh ned to Protestant denominations.

"Tastx rn—Showa the ages ofthe prisoners in jal atthe time of inopeee
tion; tierce, whether white or culoods thoi nativity, whether native
for foreign; aod their indetral relations, tat is, whether they had
Tearned or nd ot learned a trade

176 iron? ox

‘Tact Shows the nome of times the prisoners interogsied had
boon committed; wheter one, two, tte, four or fre tines, Or snes
‘Tana x—Preaenta a. general view of the adninistation of ceinical
ati Tor 1869; showing the iniciments, tal, conenion, cove
Hons, aequtal, sentence, everage length of
bot nes impos, dic
Fated in the varoca coats throug
toot of fncssecelved by county venurero
Feoslved hy the ame fo forced all onda during Ue ast fous yeas
UL, Bovnces oF Cane

‘ious 11—Gives the popultion of the seversl coantes of the State in
1860 and thair aren in aces, ae necearyslmeute tm calctlatog the
‘alls oferimo, and thowing the teativecriinatity ofthe vaidcoosiea

‘Tanue si-~Hsbiita the relative state of edncaion in to gover
courts, by abwing the aggregate rombor andthe percentage of ce
ren tanght i all he acute of each cous, and like mabe, tbs
agregate nbs andthe pescrntage of alte wh canot te nach

‘ame siteBhiite the sation of pauper nthe veal
tori the State for 1863, showing the aint ot poor naive up
Pred in each andthe expennos thence scerlng.

Tana xi—Presenta the sttiatcn of the retail quor trafic fa the
toeral counties ofthe State, ahowing tho whole uber of sal Hquot
Sealers sensed tn enc by the UninelStatea government, and Seam
ber of grog. sbope Tiented bythe Stste authors, diatingwihing
between taverns and stare; aaa the fee frou Sale ences aed Ev
Aout of taxes pid tothe Unite Staten

‘Taser xr—Hstiblethe numer if chuchon and church stings othe
several connie of the State, te object of which into show, by com
patlaon of thene with the popultios of the aid count, how far ek
o€ miniaterilrervice and’ church cvdleance ie e sons of ering, ad
tow far au abundant supply of sch agencies operaton se preventive
thorot

“Tan arm Wahid the aatsic of insanity and iiocy inthe reveal

anus sen—Provents» goer vow of the soon ferme, showing
thatthe ecninality of te Sat oy bn, Sn ent pat, traced to inte
pene ri eatin gna rope, po,
tavern haunting, theatre guing, went Of lca, lack of inser
fontracion aad choreh ordinancen, orphanage and parculal oglet,
Sabbath broking and forips immigration,

ive leading ehjeote were kept in view by the comlttee in their
insonigettve, vey the enlightenment of able opinion, the formation
a lol commits of coreepoudenco in the vevral coma sata &

thorough examination fato the state and condition of the jas, ax com

‘ts COUNTY PRisoNe!

prehensive an ingury as posible Into the sources of ct and a. gence
{al earvey ofthe adascaion ferrin jateethroaghout te Sata,
Theteeport will be presented uodor two divisioe; tbe Ert, general,
embracing obervations on th prtons and on prison matters sod erin
‘al afuregonerally, the soon, special, giving an wecoun of each jal
individually
oaxERAl DIVISION

In part of hee report, the commiten will reat af the fv tpice
mentioned ae prominently aigaging tele attention, aad ta the ender in
‘which they ave named above

1. Enema or Ponte Orion

The Pan Apsoctaton ao fle that, if anything ta eve elected in
the vay of prbon reform Wo ott Stte, uch e teaule oan Be sono
pllabed only by golng down to what must evr bo the sours of public
{tin inal fea State, eo what fadood constitutes the very fomtaln of
the ams and fontaine of ouch States oondmants nad convicts
f the wtole community, ‘Tu ensure the reforms nerdd, pubic upon
Imus be elighteued avigraied, and tate to acta allste maine or
[esiy and vigor, once tho Association han songht to disseminate Its
eports throughout the Stato as widely a3 poasible. ence expec,
Jute sougit to acura, and has toa grat extent secured, the power
cooperation of tho press, withost distinction af party. Hence om, fn
andering lst aptiog a nove thorongh and. ynifuem ekamination of the
‘hunt jails than baa ever, Moeifor, been wade, on0 ofthe, pats fe
presacd opon tho comitice chargud with that duty Waa, he they
Moat oak to guido and strengthen public opion freon io te
Inatzr of priaon rir, and thus give tft the direction and eicioey
required ia the efor ws inpeoe the penal lnsttutions and penal spelen

This committe bas endeavored fly to fall the injunction doe
Inid upon thom by the higher authority. They have held public weet
{ngs ine musber‘of tie enontes, 2 which Uy hae addresee es any
af tho people as coal be induced to attend them, They have sonvovecl.
fersonlly with hundreds of elduene ft diferent cousin, Hhey
Save cle an ltreof newspapt nal pr of the State end
have secured from thn the promie uf co-operatten ty pitting ence
ftom our Report and bythe advoeaty of Our viowe ito which wecte
of tom seemed to catechestly and estoy inthcireditoal semen,
4 promise which bas, to our Keowlodge, boc fitflly Kept by soe
‘0d, for anything we know to the entry, by al. PO

Tu ference t war Stata pisos, the Commitee endeavored to eet
forth ag clearly and vividly’ an they could, and to impress upey tee
imide ofall with whom they came fn contact, the evil ects aang

{assembly Ne 62) re

vs merous o

fiom this enjoin othe oontriling aang af erty police, Meso
vib are everpniee fell ted deplore, The views xfraied Uy he
Ansocaton ont eatjct are the viows entrained by the ledng
Don ef both pores toughout the State, ‘We bave yet to ect he
$rot man we teeote fos tho win does no inden, waaly approve
{hew, aod earasly dee fo eet wade pocialyechve ie
doc to telly however, tosate ha fe nme coonlt we met wth 0
Sealing end with expreaions of ti tnds whe piicaos of beth psn
srilbootexcpicn, ogee tpon Ge deeeabares ef exceing pcs
Row the aatcation of oneal law, and were willing, po
to oe har fence wilh Usieown pty to devarage removals ea
{Oey were newly, asald tha the oer patty woeld ot ei to
die orangemen and onid thin seulamrch apn ther. ‘The domo.
‘rts would have no diel, if her wee no pay bet themaclven to
Senwdl, bu tiny were sue fn ropetinne, woo try ms ela peer
toa gol tne saner, wat nwesp every democrat out of fet. The
Tepsicnn on th oles and, ware gle sre tn, winter bstlnsee
tiny igh pracna, nothing” could ave the nec af' pana oer
teteaging to ible pry, When te azo of power ee wld by ene
Grats Trib earths ie motel diatonic reed Uy each party tnt
{he over may ply fan wl prevent any pete reform a mal
ter, ul tho provisions of our oven Cotton are changed, aad
{be governors of our prison, nstand of being Downey party eo
erllons aod cele by peciyvoloh amd» stsleely compelled fo
‘hey party bebests hal be sppoined hy the coors un Panay:
qewiro of ico, n whntever wy acquire eall tech oie
owe the dnnaton af party plea The commie are bape toad,
{hatte poten of hth ptm, and tn all port of he State a
Sared a he erpresin dele nt Ue Coatnion ety becbang
So he senpec ao auto make # more cntormatle a on Co Fea
thi to tho ioe interes of the Stato

Ta reference othe cova le te comnitas every whene labored to
convince the peopl uf thes ant total saline, In ll rnpets, to
Steer th tea of tach toutons, sod the Imperative nebes
tig feria! provement

“Tuc commitio loot whet they coed to elighten sod form pablo
cpnton aching eeptom of poral saets and youl workhoumen,
SPihey are alan Matonchasts, nner of correction, as ort forth
Sta advocated in th ast Anmoal Report ef the Aveo, ae wel a3
ime peeing pene pan onl bo Soe Sae a
ct ios number onal dare, toe composed of two thee,
‘See coun as might bs ond ton anveseaty wi 8 Tose ofS
Teuton each, ected at ot expeoue abd managed Dy We ca

inal wisdom of the counties composing. the distil, indo which all
persis souvictod of m violation of law and not sentoncod to State
Pann, shoal be ext mediately on the convision, and pat a hard
Thor

The benaial effects to be eutllpated frm the general adoption of
such a apatem, would a tho jodgmient of thin committe, be mafld
fod important Te would in ll probability, dznfniah the fmten of the
State pains by one half; especialy if, ain Peonsplvsnia, the expensed
‘of the State prone wore to Ue ditayed, a geoma tort equitable, fran
‘he county tenantie, proportionally tothe numberof ther several cone

Xho Sat
tous of dettion singly aod aay
vey any ta eats tm wih erage tthe perk lat
‘Shiai oma Te wood din the pale osdens by rqaiting sl
ttategentry,conricicd by = jer of tie ears, b etey fa part at
Iene by thet ows boy, de eapeans of ir ouppor, wile andegeing
the ponishuent of tie canes, It would wave w le member of fiat
‘once crnials ond capeciy yout tenegresaacy frm te dle
trac of residence Sata rion, and ao ncreare tv chancs ofthe
Feformation Te would lac a maltnds tho Rovwedge of ome hate
the wanCof whic i prolife ourvof erin nado would fad

tmeue of earl am hoes ving, of winning book the tape of ete
falowtitens and of rpuling ao bovorablo pation ta aicieyy We
‘ced however enlarge thle dato Benet, av each endo? wil
Auli, by hi own retin, extend the eaaloge fer hase

“The committe argh xl further to inform pale opinion fn eg
to he sajec of pram ashtetae, and paretay i tetoronce tothe
fovaton of» bout uf prin eco, thom sould be tefered ll
Bons forsee prison bulogs andl alieration of exlting prisons,
Toning any Gonaersle xpendiar of taney, aud evaing tai
eatin Farndale” Dore spre epcae
45 ingens, exzcedngty estat to expend money lies ed
rigor We donot wonder a Sis aprons it
neha not bea ery enconaging. In Richmind County ano Sel
tas very roetly been wreted stat expense of some sateen those
den ati certainly one ofthe moet -oueveds Hf onal
ark dap, glony and auwhenowe fcnpacies of toate
‘hole Sate.” The rinoera complained btesyof is isonfrtrt this
Comite. Moreover, after tho nego oul apon ta erection sumed
Svore Iwas fund to ba inncure Tat nt Tos tn 84/90 te B00
wenn uc expended, fom

the State thay a

to es of windomce humanity, woul aap the covoers ua gi Ta

180 REpoRT ox

clher cates, it has happened that, immediately afer a coeidertle sm
tas bees expended io inressing ie aecnlfy of tone all numerous
tecapestave ocetrred, Such fact, snd fey have hot boa lafequent,
ive a diheartoningedect upon county authori, and tnd to heck
ab may notsically be felt One county fa
ia, spe 93000, another 8100,» tind #15 and a Rnrth $130 on
tpesial guerds forthe safekeeping of the prisoners Now, all flees
the sae rection
They indent tho necoasty of some diferent and nproved method ath
Tor erecting vew ula and for altering aad proving old ores, "The
truth a pion sreblestre, ike tay fortieations, oostioten 9
apecil branch cf engineering; and howe oily wre compotent ta dest
teh erection, whows ation have been paricTaty devote to the ub
Jeet Tho genlomen composing our bods of eopervinvs do nct poesess
SS unowkgoy nlite ony morn do ordinary ueciatee, Ite no
therfore, matte of wonder, that bailing eiramttees and tho workmen
they have employed have fll to evck privon ether secareagenat
caper ov adap to aneweroter just an tr ends of toch trataen,
‘Tere cngi, consequently thn opinns of ia commie,to be cow
tated « Site contrat board of pron ereton, to whor shouldbe esd.
mite ll plan for now prison eochon i for extent epalrof ld
oes; and un nw ercton nor inportant ltraon of on lead exit
pProve of tc plat and epciie
es than
Be tenn peg th ets rho, eo
iggiealo Knowledge, tia elleved that by Ue wcfalseas and Ue
ze of ou comnts wonld bo grey icrenred oats eect
{in nme advantages could be olherwie obtained, And certainly,
fer gn nn rel pn aac a af i
rer "6 go so
Tow, feng tobe reared as a eth peice
(iota piton comtraction and sound. prin diene ae ieapoe¥y
Sonneceds  Witnt proper stchitecial arrangement there exn be mo
sSlutary disiptine Eran Duliinge wisly adapted Wo the jot ends of
finan dincpine they 00 not i a theory base of I prlaon ror,
oneliate st leet an easential clement in the problem. ‘This in elear
ftom the fct that tho principles and modes of ciple which havo been
opted in any giv system, have slays contolled tho construction
3 te pons Ua whi tat Sicipline hasbeen cari ont

AL, Locat, Comuretass or Connuarosoner.

‘The charterof the Prison Asvoviation provides that any society, haw
tng the eamne object in view, tay Docome auxiliary to this Awsocistion
Dpeontributing to its fonds and cooperating with it” But one svat
{tty aociety, a for ae thie comittee are informed sed believe, hus ever

{THE CUUNTY PAISOXS. 1st

bieen ongenized under the above provision, and that haa bat a short and
icky cxistonce, and. died without accomplivhingwnytblog. Tt i mot
fikely that other auxtlarlae wll be soon formed, and expecially to cope
rate with asin behalf of county jaile, An rogardy these Taatitations,
the basis andthe work ace mot road enough to ragulee or to support
the machinety of a regulesly organized seiety. If therefore, any orga

ied focal interest and Ioeal Iabor are ever to be brought into play fn

Tesponsibe to that bods. This experiment grow out of a state of hinge
revealed by the inspections of 2868, az existing in aluoet all oar cot
fiom ait.” Tt wan fomnd tha ia hardly any of chem seas there such
thing known aa preaching tothe prisoner, and that it was exooedingly
rare that any elfrts were made Toe their religious or moral improve-
tment, whether by clergymen or laymen, other in the way of cunversa.
tion with thom, or by distributing religions tracta or books among tem,
by roading or expounding the scriptares to thom, by praying with and
for then, by holding Sunday achoole or otter religions services for hole
Venelt,oF Dy any other agencies or instramentalities whatsoover. Tt
seemed literally true that no man eared for their soni; that they were
hue out from the pale of huuan syempathies; that they were, indeed,
Deyond the verge and. ange of larman effort for their amendivent and
salvation. Again and again have the metubers of this committee, had
remacke ofthis kind addressed to thems hy the inmates of on jail: “You
Are the Srst person that speke Kindly to te sino I have been in prison;
Tthank you for your fiendly iterest and counsels; pour words, have
done me good; 7 have wandered fFom the way of honesty and vct
at Thope I shall do better when I get out; T mean tory.”  Kemarke
like these were not unfeoquently made, with tears stating Tem the eyes
and streaming down the cheeks, which rovested at least present mer
ton and present purpose, however evanoxcent they might be. But, ag
rocks are vorn by coetinual falling of water, drop by dep, wo cooatant
‘eferts,houestly pat forth, even on dhe hast and Teast hopeful aab-
ects oay, im the end Sane fn their permanent reformetion. Tt waa a
hope and conviction of tia kind that led the Executive Commitice, to
siopt the poliey of Toca! comaittees forthe several couation, cowpowed
‘of gentlemen who would agroo to take a friendly intoest in the jail of
‘heir respective counties, and put forth friendly and aystematieefrta
for the religious and moral improvement of thelr inmates,

This committee have eareod out, aa far a they were able, the instruc.
tions of the Executive Board, by organizing local committer, where
‘hey lsd not previously been organized; a0 tat, fa three fourthy of the
‘counties, and possibly more, organizations af the wind contemplated have:
een formed. The duties expected from theae local orgasizations, as

eront ox

far as thie committee understands them, ar, substantially, these fi
lowing:

1. To exercise « goneral moral eupervison over the inmates of the
hai
12 To ace thatthe law requiring «bible to be fucniahod Wy the eoonty

short eligione sori overy
swork ori f0t evry wou, as often posse ine jul elie om
ihe Eaalh or, tore cavern, an the congezaton te swaye pre
Sent on some mack day. -Aworhy cleegpamn in An Abe Mca,
in Ghown ty ibs commlite (oad onch service every. Mowiay fo
enc of the priser the ji, nn he hun either tine nor rng
foroch atau onthe Lory day in ain tothe tere ot
tay, Dolly there lca conniice could obtain such wee ay
ferries rom many of te clergymen, of diferent Senominatony, re
nt inte varios counky seat of the State, The eevien tds,
ould, of estan, be bret ond would cone of reading he Berber
owt exhortation nd’ prayer, andy If pombe, singing, io which tn
Prinonersthemeciven shorld be encoureged toa. Alte the ore foe
ma sree, 2 few words of personal uveretion wosld be dala
‘ecompatted by wo Seton ot rllgios tact and newepapcre
Te awakon inthe commonty en interest

{ting such Urry should not be eonsidered as Lnloging othe al ia
‘wbich ont the prisoners might feel at greater Hiterty to abuse tem
Tut should be kept by the committe, and Toaned 10 the prisoners a8 a
favor, onthe promi of tli eare of them, and retains thom i good
condition. Comimittens will no doubt know what wort of buss to pro
care aud what sort to exclude, ia making the elections, AM exci.
tales aad aovea will, azn anacior of covers, be shut out, tereting
Bistores travels, biographies, and works on natal history and natural
teunce, with  eitable proportion of good roigiovs sid moral works
‘ford the boot reading or thin lace of persone.

Seni tee

Renin

‘rite covsry PRISONS. isa

: Tosgiveepecalcomntl nd aid to any who appear sincerely dese.
one ofacionning their lives, and. to Belp them to proonte employment
Sse they can earn a honest livelihood, wnd to obtain such employ
Treat Din wth f pons, persons who wil belikely tsysnpatian
Traut ad Chem fn ther forte co amend their ways,

ie To acquaint viemoelvon a fa ar they may havo opportunity, with
the out approved stslo of prison architecture, with special reference to
he hoalth cat rocurty of the preoneee 20 ee to qualify themselves to
ive counoc! to commitiese of eupervizrs respecting Uh repairs and
Snrttous of old jl and the erection of new ones.

re sequal shomaclves with existing lawn rqpecting jus and,
arlas they nay beable 9 oe Ut aid laws ave cacod fate

‘its tafuence public opinion, ax far a8 that may be posible, a favor
of ihe aloption of expable an faithful aasniteators of etinioal lowe

penal Tattations without regard to party Alvisions and party fie

ro prepare and aubinit to the Bxocetire Committee an sonal
report of what they hare dure or exbsed to bo done, in reference to the
Tutte mbacod in te shove epeciBoations, and transit the sume 12
fe corvenpondingeactetary as early aa tho month of November. It ie
hoteapected that these reports willbe an exhibit of the generat
fn canton ofthe jai, us simply of it religious, mora, ood nillee-
foul aspects sod relaiona. Sela desirable that why stould state in de
tail lot bos been done for the epritaal Denest of tho prisoners, and
‘wht revelte, Hany, have been accompliahed through these effort, and
That any cases of ta of epoca inrestshowld be fally related.

Tebow be borne in rind by the geatlemen composing the several
tocal commits tat the Assotiation has 20 legal suthority for exer-
ining to elgioas seperviaon sot forth nthe foregotag deta, an
That the sald saporvinion, however dovirable i ol, can. be exercised
‘nis theongh the courteey and good will f the prison authorities. But,
fo ihe wule abject thous Iaburs & to eoporate with and sid the
Dron lite Jn Uke iecharge of thei atic, aad, ia efoto lighten
find render catlor aad toe pleasant those dates, no obstacles have
retro taon iterposed, noes ikoly that ang wil hereafter be
terposed, if the lol committer act with ordinary predence, courtesy,
fund cireamepoction, Temay be proper, In thie sonaoetin, to wontion
‘hat all pastors uf churches resident i any county teat, have the righ,
‘Uy lan to sist te jit of the county, and to see and comeerse with the
isons om the subject of thelr weligioga fotereste. Oa this acount
[avtielariy, theme preferring Iagmen for thee Taal orsittes, ye,
when such e0o}8 note procured to sere, dle committe hare aot be
{ited t nominate clargymen as mewbers, nor hoe the Bxecative Com
tales heated te eontrm thelr nominations,

REPORT Ox

IT, Stare ax» Coxorex ov re Jats
Offcers The sheila of the several counties, at body, produced on
the mids of the committen an impression favorable to thelr character oa
seve alge, bay eight ineting and ore
ndly manners, To the main (wo would not say there wore no ex
cepdona), both they and thelr wohordinates appeared to be exeriog
hemselvea to do as wall by thee prisonera as the very aupropitions i
‘cmatenoee aud surroundings by which they ware Doset abd hampered,
nd which wll be immediately detalled, would poem, Cortiny, the
tnetlers of thie committee wee, we @ general thing, kindly reesived and
‘ourteonaly treated by the ofilals enacted with the jallsy evergthing
‘ras freely thrown open to thoi Iapaction; and every fuelity was af
forded them for the discharge of the duty to which they hed been ap-
pointed; forall which considerate attentions they desire to rotara to
Khoge geatlemen their ened acknowlodgments
"The sheriff of each county is, ex aici, the Keeper of the comity}
After what they have anid of the present incumbents, the committee hare
‘po fear that the remark wil be regarded as persovally oBensive by any
of thew, when they say that they deem this every way an norae and
fully arrangement. For, in tho rvt place, sheriff are aot selected
‘wilh any the Toast reference to their qualifiestions as jait-keepers, bat
‘logetier in view of other duties, In the reeond place, those other de
ties for whove perfonnance they were chosen, mecossatly esl tra Nay
‘good doa! Irom the jail and Ue care ofthe prisons, Bot inthe third
place, the controlling objection to tho aystem in, thatthe oe of she
fs not permanent, whereaw tbat of jailkesper ought to be, No other
swiae then a8 the oft of permanent affeal ene, ean « prison oloer
nd especially the head of  prigon, agize that experience, wim,
tact nd efciency, which wil render im truly and thorongaly averon.
fu in the discharge of hie dative, ‘Tho committe, therefore, sezerd 84
every way desirable such a change in the administration of ome county
Jails ax will ceparate the oflee ef sheriff from that of jailor, amd reader
‘he portion ofthe latter permanent, alent there isy be good ease for
Wa removal
tel Records. —Phere is no nviformity in the method of keeping the
records of the jails thronghout the State except perhaps, wif
Stvegularty. Ina few counties, and only afew the register aro Kept
fina clear andbusincasdiko manner, But im general, noting ean exceed
the Toosenees and want of metliod mith whics the statistics of the jails
tre recorded, indeed they are made seater of record stall, a several
‘of the eonntiew there are no segisters whatever, 90 cat the beat tbe com
iti could doin woking: make oat the liste of comattonta in Hose
counties was, somotimes in one way and sometimes ia another, to ap
proximate the truth. Por instance, in Werkimer county no book kept,
‘and so many ofthe original commitaents were either lat or destroyed,

sue COUNTY PEIEONS. 185

that what remained were worse than scose as guide in studying the
Criminality of the county. What to do, ia such a enue, to get a let of
{he commitments for the year, with the olewcey charged? As.good Tock
‘would ave it there as a complete register of the prisoners, giving the
number of days deving wich each fad bocw imprisoned, as’ guide in
rating ont the charges fur thelr boned. Fortanately, also the jilo’a
faily wat tolerably large. So be summoned coune!l composed of bien
tot his wife nd his two daughters, In this oonelave the lst was read
ver; and, ov the result of a-eareful taxing of the four mowories and
fmuch palever over the matte, the offence charged against cach was rex
{alld and determined tothe eatiefection ofall, and tho commttwonts to
‘tho county jel of Herkimer for the year 1865 were transferrod from su
Snunatevil to.a material rcord, and aro submitted in the tables herewith
presented to the Exesutive Committee. Tp Bromo county, th sheril!
two Tost went out of ofies destroyed all the commitments, Teaving. no
trace of them Lihinl, Iu Allegany cooaty, thot is no rogister of com
Initments kept in Hho ail ‘The jail taelt an Angele, he ace of the
{county clerk fei Philipavilley ard the original commitments are lodged
‘Wilh the theif who liver i Uke town of Cab, A curious Mastration
‘othow this triangular jumble works, wan affoded while this committee
Sa visting th jail in Angelica. The friend of a wan, impriaomed there
{ACs ime for. want of security to kecp dhe peacr, cate fom his rea
ence, 20 miles distant, to Dail him oat. There was no recoed of his
fconvietion at Angolien, and uf courae the court conf not discharge him
‘asthe railway trains wore arvanged, his frend coal not get eliher (0
Pliliperitle or Cuba short of ten hours, He wan obliged to be at home
tae night, and evald mot return again tl the allowing week. So that,
in consequence of the want of any utente record, the judge could wot
take the proved bail; the man waa subjected to.» week's additional
Imprisooment, and tha county waa obliged to pay a week’ additional ex-
ponte for hin eubsistexen, Evan where

"The common practic, 190, i for the
erly to pay for the books themselves, aud to regard and treat them a
private property, earying them away a euch when ther tem of eos
‘expros, unless thle successor pareiaso the portion sthich stil remains
blank,

This commitice ie ofthe opinion that there shonld be a provision of|
lus, requiring the counties to fwrish record books for tele rewpective
Jil and specitying the items of formation which they should contain,
fs inthe cane with coapect to the State prisous. These books should be
prepared by the Secretary of States should be vuled and have printed
Deadings toiform for all the counties; should be eubstantially and
strongly bound; and shold bo opt, alwaya in the jail. ‘The sheriff
should forfeit the turnkey's fous in th ease uf every Prisoner, in refer

186 uPonE ox

ence 10 vor any of the Heme of information reqhied by law wat
‘ited, "The commitice have prepared th date of will iy accordance
‘wits thse sopirations, hoping tut ie wll tech the approval of the
Exocutive Boar, abd by thom be submited tothe Legslatme, with 9
ecomnendatfon thatthe samo le enacted Sato law, It wll be econ
that sovral topos see omitted, which are comma cluded in prion
rogisers. This bas been dove purposely, and for he reas, ta whee
heatlagn ae melt, jit Keepers ur apt to get conned, and orrora
fd inucoacice flea” a a essence At su mey pint, we
‘thik, lave buon rtsined, ae ate kel tobe kept staigit

Th thi commen, fe prope to state that tere fe tic Teecoees
fn mos of or ulin reapect to the discharge of prinnaers, a
"arly, ta teapot tothe recur, or, to apeok mors accnetel
of roca, as to how they are dacharged. Ile generally pos
‘certain how a person got in Jay butt wot eo ean, n moet cason,

‘run cooNeY wnisoi, 187

to disover how he got oat, More froqnentiy than otherwise, there je
‘pb ecord ofthe dleebnrge to be found saymere, from which ite dat,
‘ole, or condition cup be soeertained. Inthe table of Sechsrges sp
ended to this report, the ataietin, as given, patiently ay soporte

‘hota of tle wale, eaeope ating ow

latterly defective fa the manner of Keeping tis pat ofthe jul eaten,

‘the matter of dacaeges

‘The-eomoitsing magkstrat, for example, tlle

the jallor tt he "guemes” ho line kept the price aboot tog onnnghy

pon which sage magintevial "goes the fuller unbole the Gur sd

Tove ix tan mich of thie ua

povrer by laferor ufiere of the lew. which

‘certainly out to be checked fa nome. way, whatever the preventive
eeney may be

‘Coneue Prisoners —The num of persons smnally pacing through
the eosmon jails of or Staten, perl, the mont sehing pe
sive cireunctanes connected with tee tattations Inthe view, the
Festi fhe serie af tables named above wil bn found at once to posses
8 palaflInteront o venyacanitivc heart fara fc fo tog
fovceeryrefeeting mini Nothing eam place f= » clearer or alronger
Tigi the lmeoss Smyportanee which attaches 40 our county, Jlla ex
péval fwttations, ‘The number of utian beinge—men, emer, amd
frie, and lodged
pad nd ene aor oacae:
Gs = mn osha ou eg lesan, Taste, Baas,
ri ‘our Jl, and were subjected to th iiences for good or for
So woutlle i Serco: ds seme meant Maes Stas
ie walls, ahd of couse constantly operated apn by he oucnens
iakering in thom, ve 1,384; formako a village of respectable
eas ae ey sive. Het boll farther cneiordy at Hf the propor of st

neon haa ‘Kew Yor rrrned in Sele na Avelyn.

epigenetic Paco ane aa

ii base ena ane Hora ‘commitinets oad tw exnt tho preoneraaeally i fal tthe tie
‘of Tnspection, a shown ie table TY, hold fe reference to the whole nam.
er inprsened throughout the year—088, or ntl treet were In
‘rmon forthe Mit ey snout Of whom, if they steve orent, might
renga Inve tern kept si or if thay were uly, might have been reclined,
fie te Uy a odicious al system, “Boruly, se eatact be atherwie than a ate
So cetees =< tho very highest moms, what the earactr of there inaittione
Sec whether i ig such Uist their operation and fet all be, on the
fe hand Increase ll the roan and the mally of thn wighty
rrent of crimivality; or the ote, by thei rfuratiry and bea
lng tedorncrs, to diminish its magnitado, and to abate, te sme, Cogtes

Atleast, the itenalty af ite vi
| Amecitin tn the sexton of piacere Ln out common la, the

os aton

188 RBEORT oF

promiscuous intercourse ofall classe, all ages, and, toa certain extent,
Ive are sony 4» ald of both sexes, we bave the giant evil, the very
Pandora's box ofthe system; the fouutsin heed of pericings iafuencee,
not simply to the Inmates themerivee, but to tho whole community 93
sel, inthe mat of which the Jal Bappens to bo situated. If an insti-
ftion should be established in every county of the Stato, with the
Jnseription over the door, vice and erimo thught here," amd the po:
cesses within eneresponded to the annonmcement withott, this committee
is impressed sth the conviction that the work of manufactering rim
als could seatoely be move effetnatly sone then i i by on jail aye
fem, ns ab present stgenized and managed, This is strong language,
but irda rot ightly uted. ‘There ie, wo think, no proporition more true
then Hat “our present jail system is deeply depeaving to the pre
toner ands positive evil (othe community.”

"There fs scarcely a fallin tho Stato in which aay classifcation of
prisoners Is attempted of, undor exiting avrangements can be attempt:
ff, aa required by sw. ‘The innocent pereon, without any tint of gull,
rho has merely tad the misfortune to be the witnees of serine, and is
Aotained 10 give testinony in the cose, the young boy ot gitl who, in &
‘moment of thoughilesaucee, hs violated some comporation ordinance, tho
tintried penton, aud the condemned eriminal, hardened in ilguity, are all
lacked np togeter,withont employment, without book, withet indaae
{eal or intellectual resources of en hind, What can they do, what

Universal experience chatirne tbe
eriptural prinesple that ications corrapt good manners”
lnd every visitwe make to cur jails serves aly to intensity on conviction
both of the truth and the importatce of thie faapied aphoviem. "We see
and hear s0 mach uf the sll teeta arising from thie promlscuows and
Inost contaminating interconrse that we can hacdly widertand. how it
fe that society is ao culm and quist under the pressure of an evil 20
Tidely extended and so malignaut in ite character anid Jnfluenee. As,
Inthe physical world, sumeof the rost poisonves miaams do not betray
themselves by their odor, ad are manifested only by their dealy assaults
on the anita orguiion, iu Mike sednne, here ure pores of ward pest
tilence, ta hidden in their native, ate ao subtle in their operation, that
thie exitence even remains muavepocted til they have gone though
the processes of germination and. grostth, and ie at Taat revealed only
bby a frightful havvoat of vice ad evine. "As, in the firmer case, the
source ofthe evil isnot removed by the fact that iteexiatence ia unkown
fd onavepected, se, jn the latter, our Snubility to perceive the true velar
ton between causes’ snd ellcts prevents us fiom adopting thoes come
ined avd vigorous meaoree which alone will be efeetual for the supe
pression of the evils of which wa complain. Je isthe miksion and work
Of the Prisun Associaton to apply inte eclentfic modes of anny 8
these riininal problems, and thus make manifest to the world the Tatent

‘THE COUNTY PRIsOKS. 189

sores of crime, which are undetected by the conion vision, We have
Tong been convinced, on the evidence of well atented and indisputable
facts, that owe common alla, a8 at present managed, are the centres of @
soerat and uneuspected ioral pollution, whieh permeates not morely Uae
hovels of the poor and the igaorans, but diflases i venom im the tan
sons of the wealthy and the ednented ss well.

Asa genoral rae, evo und vioe are found to flourish most losut
sntly in oar county anata, whore the jails ace situated, and, ther things
‘bing equal, tho towua noarest the county seat have more of exime than
those which ave more remote. ‘This fact sean to indicate an intimate
relation breween the jail and the eriminality of te county. It ie not
generally known how much of seiegce, ingenuity aad skill ero brought
{nto equisiton for the aucceesfl prosseution of ccime. All the most
ecoudite procestor of chomiatry art known and used Uy the counterfeit
and forget. He can teach to our most accomplished professors eocrets
in the ienee, of which they have acareely drvamed. Owe mort ingenious
tnechanies are wurpassed ty the burginns in thelr Inowledgo of the ap-
pliation of force forthe removel of physical chstacles noisleeely and
‘withoxt exciting the suspiion of even special gnards ani watchmen. A.
ieee of bent wire Sn thelr bands will ponetrate the most genious locks
that mechanical scienea has over devised forthe protection of loss,
cabinets, Dareaue and jewalcases, A pewter spon, of a tin washbasio,
in their ingenious and ekilfat Bago, ean ensily be converted intoacey,
which will liberate th prisoner ont of any jail i the State, The former
article enublod a priaouer to entar the fem patt of the prison at New-
‘argh for several secessive nights, and the latter eoabled five persons
to escape fom the jall In Westchester connty, snd to from that uf Sof
folk enn.

[No elaso of poraons aro go skill in tho application of tho laws of

uyalognomy a8 our professional orininals. ‘They are rarely decaived
in thir jagement of character, as Indicated by the Hneaments and ex:
Pression ofthe face. Thoy recognize uta glance the eredaloua aud the
incredulous, the miser end the spondthef, ube cautious and the enteless,
fand are thus enabled to ase them as the eooteiong ur unconscious fnstra-
ments of their schemes of exildoing. They kuow the exact gauge of
feach lawyer's capacity within a large eltle around their customary
hate, They Know whether he ix illfal In w hore case, or a murder
caso; whether he can bade an honest wituess or sinooth over the del
ciencies of a buagling one; whether he excela in lugie, wi, cr pathos;
‘whether his political alitioe agreo or disagree with thovo of th jada
and whether he has tafuoaca with the pardoulag pow, oF has any com
trol over othore who poaseas auch lnuence. He knows the price af every
police oficor ia bia ditrct, and ean always bring’ host of witnesica to
[Prove any point which he wichos to make a jury believe.

‘When other men possess valuable secrets they areapt to be rebuchant

ny

190 urvonr os

to reeal then, Not so however with nor eiminal population, Onthe
fonteary, thay take 8 pide and please in commanieating their
Thowtedge to otters who will uke what they in thee vist jag
men regard ase goo ana of Se When they avo rows tyson
‘vith tani seeiceeyovag pereoe who ate ean for theo ine
Tow comma jul hey tngitae thi serople, portray the plnnaren
bf enema ice tho mont eozaglog aud sling econ and gevea
fe Gem ald art by wel ime oan be wascensfulyprontouted. Tho
ete gh wrath puted
Ty peoteason, and aru by degrace to eon wih pleura to tet ex
{iti talce apd obcene conversation.” Wer passione eve stinlated sd
She taught a the wolf cana of obtaining alton to er ward
FDier Ou hee dachrge, the, im or fury rarely fly to become thet
Gra protitate. She srmaunieatee er kunwledge to er companions,
horned; a they, Like mar, to tho
pons tnd daughter of tee emplyers, tis Bo wocomman thug for
iis eds of porns ln the most respectable poston, af both mex,
toomifiae a sudden proclty to tie enter forme uf vce, Thit
dp are tf umazsment, ne well a Bild wth angviah thy we
xpeced feelin Thuy convo! ingine how hia siden earaption
Tar orglate,” Tho acleson iy—they have ben seeveelydcbuchel by
servaty,nho have themselves boon sorvapted in jut ‘Thus vice ia
propagated Weongh thee iaitationa fn eerie les, nd oor
sons tad dnnghters fal before te mul noosa that inte om tit
ied and plting emir.
Phun te ervcaton of rico, of all agen und of every shade of
gull, no of whom inded are entirely loca, oe iniverinnato
‘Sta, othe most ighifut tare inoue nye of common fll This
Tile the yon tugoit, ad tho most periclous ju eect. Beery
Stet evd agetenied ty ie; and it woul Le Se t atcmpt ang
onudy fr theta while Dis soe Doionalising interstate af cm}
ate af al ages and all Aogroce of guile sae to rastrato the Sry
eof prison dacpting ano give told iaenity to all tho
Gicvaulnctintins and yao, om wich tie naraaoty operaeig,
Sin whic i se desig of cranea atic to ieoarage ad repre.
ey device, by which he Faces of proptioty ray be broken Jown oF
Greleaped is hee wt only divulged, bat systomatoallytght. Every
freudlon ation, over tutte tok every Ingenious ole of oer
feuding the eatiun and of pandering tho unguard, every wily ox
prstca fur huving the rights and preying upon the property af lies,
panned and ptfected hse, adj commanicated to howe who bad
sot hitherto een initiated ini the mysterien of vine, Tes thas dat
bays and grlg who havo boon committed, may be, for some sight
Iiedemcanoray afer bavig been the setciates of felons in jal are

‘rar COUNTY BRIEOSS. aL

eturnod upon society, when the periods of their impsisonments ere
pated, ponsnced of al the theoretical knowledge, if noe skilled a al
{ho ractions ofthe veteran traagreaor

“The evil ntuenos, thus exertod spon the inexperienced and ontfat
cffender, i the mnat deplorable of all to deplorable fait of plan aa
foctation. Whather fl aetray for tho moment by. vieions companion
tor asnaled by medden temptation, or deven by dlatveaa of cold or bun
ier, ortraincd by unnatural paroatn 9 ragatond and thieieh practice,
‘fall eases with wind wormed hy education apd wniniaenced By
Feligion—theaild of fnstrn, of twelve, or even of ten Youre ld Ie
{ted int tha common reenptast uf felony, the jail coretor, which Se
teunaled ly a sonra or move ef older criminal. Ones, bere te trrota

Panicus. He Sind th
fre the plunderers, who cau ola the most attractive ietovie of dae
ing and ancomafal robberies. Excited and infuned by shew talon, be
toon becomes abitioasof fnitalng the here of them, He fa instruct
‘clin the eoorets of the doeadfulatliag, on which he has eotered, by
Somes adept in the erat Ths fow socks, nmetimen even fow day,
Of sescintcn with ld and practised criminals, baa sufi to convert

Lt th progats repred and Eee fra career of ein

tiere were! But, alas! every line and every shade fs only to trae
to ature, A headved hirtories ooeld bo foruiahe, apringing. from
tis eve producing, deall-bearing Fountan,—premiacuous inteteourse
In tho comme jal.

Tho short and jai kespers are not response for the exlatenco of
ia evil nae fo tho fruit when i Leats. On the contrary, sone ae
fad deplore itso muuch a they; but they are impotent to apply a ree

Ay. ‘The committer conrersed on thin muject sith mumbers of these
for, all of whom gave ft aa thelr opiaion that tbe promiscuous aux
Slatin of penonore was, ia the highest degre, corrupting, aad tended,
Aizeoty ad attngly tthe Inoresw af erime, The Keoper of one ofthe
ost populos jl ia the State, an intlligent and hiod heared geotle
‘an, soformed us that be bud closely watched the operasion of ula
Unrestricted intaceoura, and was convinced that ite inane was ov

nd only evil, continually. He Id known, bo sid, nota few instances,

tho the laBaence of jail acociaion,
of our isi tno young giele—ainters, of the ages, aovoraly, of sovon
teen and niastoes——wha cate into the prison, modest and chaste, to all
Appecrance, Ina vey few days, however, they beeamn wholly ch

in thelr domeauor; and tho ehanoca wore handed to one that, om tele
incharge, they would belake themealve to evil courses,

192 eponr o¥

In another altho commit found» rtf he age of tel soars,
Imprnoned for petty pring She bad fr or aarlats fn jab
igi ang by day, tveoabuoned prostitutes, whose whole alae of
Ue vent harecter, When tho Hi retire inretenoed, se wil eae
‘winters Knowledge ofall the yates of womstooty nd ber a
Willie "a chamber af ager,” # the mor lated ind Her fare
ay be predicted with certainty. She wil few promitut and athe,
{ED toely av oe wil grow Uden, vex amiracle nf grace supervee 1
. In the same jail of which we are now speaking, two boys were confined,
ene tay andthe fie tele yea ol, sd ach was nam bi this com

‘mtn, "Thel ret inpriecomost wal tier Goon. Tented the

Ia fe of evtmey with wel aig tho eae certainty asthe iting ofthe
tun cover the cet wth igs and hie etting envelope tin darken.
Dap ator ay, snd eck for wok, asointing with he depraved, they
Cut the contagion of erm, te, by pascal contact, they wld hare
Sught the smal peas and they cary fhe are of the former, as they
Srould hen of the ter dicise, Along wi the appetito fr eine

They acqeived Ue arty which ti soecoulyprotiedy and society,
sich, by ts prsimony rita negligene, cased he sede of crime 0
Jeimplated and to gecmiuate io tho youl boson, wil resi ts
{Ghat we say fot?) seetbuton attend Thy, ad acl a tes

Ail rou ong yeave of villay, try contibationa apo which
Pecuniary valu, wil fx exceed th cst of such ll as would sally
oie simula, and eBvecnallywecere them from matualcorropln,

‘hil acter altho committe fonts by of eleven Jor
wat immored with olf and hardened fonder. Hse wold bo sre te
Creifate any gra ef god that igh xin in hn mind a ho wil
Gtuines emerge fn the. prism fae wonee than be wert fa. Tn got
othr, foe el gir beloved by or Sabbath achnol teacher and by
{il her tampanins, ho had elena dlr i fom a atebee tw mo
trent of sullen sad overpowering temptation had been shut up fo
ont with ie omy, thu pest sd the digrace of seit an cor
Delo Tisten to thir profane ond alltel talk, Doce i roqir te
Fin ot prophecy to foretell her fare?

Dut why enlarge thin dats? Enongh le Woon tld to rouse to ation,
ar words an avomplish tnt object, too mach, he enly eet isto
harrow up the felis tho human and te sympatieti, al fo exnse
that Heute t Deen te eantemplaion of th erie ad wretches

springing ftom the pesifrows society of our comm fale

(20, the remedy for the enormiua evil which we have boen
unfolding? Bor, surely, some remedy, and that wn effeotivo ons, is ine
peratively demanded; inca, apart from higher consideration, sowd
Dolley requires that « system whoae character and effoots are such as
fwe havo desorbed our present jail system to be, should be rectified

‘Wie

‘THR COUNTY PaIeO%s. 108

without needless delay; bacause, so lang aa it contines, society i ware

{ng a moral pestilence ia fee own Lasors, and fe maintaing a iat
ton in which are fuged thove weapons that are destined to be omployed
with fatal doxtority againat sell

ome will say that the remedy fe clasefction, the division of the
prieouers Into vavious grades and sections. ‘The law already requires

at tho law is « dead lotto, owing to tho construction of the jail
Stato, withecarcoly anexcoption, ave toosmall to adwitaf
the jaw, agicnow stands, being easiiedintoeMect. They would have to bo
falarged to doutle, in many Instances to quadruple, thelr peeaent sia,
fud be built in a'very diferent manner, “And, after al, cluifeation
‘would not touch the root of tho orl, “For, establish your clsaideation
‘pon whatever principle and carry f 43 whatever extent you will, your
lsses mnt, after all, constitute each a aitinct criminal avmunenity.
Whore thie ayatom has boon fairy tied, as it has in ome of the English
prisons, there havo heen found in some of the subdivicion prigoncre who
had traversed, inthe course of thsi repeated commitments and eonvie-
tions, the eutite round uf all tho dopartments, or claseca, inthe jail. Ts
4 bope! tagrent yard of one of thoes prison ix which twenty boys of 14
to 18 years old were conned, seven were committed for“ sleeping ox,
land theteen for “"steslig,” Of the twenty composing the "claea,”
tight had never been fu a jail before; four bad been in twice; three,
Hieee times; two, four times; one, five tinea; and two, eight sues,
‘What, undor this seatement, will be thought of the ebsmeee for improve:
ment of te eight boys who wero inprlgoned for the frat Vi, aud tho
foar who were in forthe second?

Ar. Edward Livingston hos treated thle question fae usual clear and
logical method, He saya, a effst, for we do not elta his oxact words,
that no elasaifeation devived by mea ean be perfect, for the reason that
roman ean diteaver the exick degree of moral guilt bolouging to any
ther man. Bot euppose this dificulty surmounted, and soppoce a class
‘of individuals found who had advanced to exaetiy the same point, not
nly of eximinal action, but of roral depravity, sil their assoeition
foul produce farther progsess ia both, just aa spacks produce aflame,
shen bron together, Tei not in busiaa nature for the mind to be
stationary; Ht mast advance in virbus or viee, Nothing promoten tha a
tach as-cmulation created by society; td the progress wil ake its dle
rection from the natare of the sooiety. " Whatever classification may
be adopted,” Mr: Livingston goes on to may, "it will be found that every
asrociation of conviets that can be formed wil, i & greater or leas dex
igre, pervert, ut wit! never reform, those of whom it in composed jd
twe are bromght to the hresietible conclusion the, lassifeation once
fdiitted to be oseful, tis eo in aa verse proportion to the numbers
‘of which each class it composed; and itis not perfect until we como to

[Asser No, 62] 1

194 evonr ox

‘he point a whih ilove its name in the completa vparatio of id
idle? a a

Me question, then, rete upem tsb the rey fo he or
of which wo conplas and under ich the whole eonmeniy i onfving
Seduiesicicaay enyel ‘The suever to tui qeeton vals depend
ben the anewor to given fo another Is anaucaton te neing ev
Of one fil apron? Tei n-and om thin pout hee enn be, we hin m9
Soren of opinon,—thon the fendementalcorectiv ete abel
toon of seein,” Tn tbr words is mavens mimes ho
tepsratocenfement ing coll spoopistedoxclaively to hime ofeoch
ervon committed oor common ji. et seitier the nid noe the
Ertudized, th nervous wow tre tafuoed, besarte a thi prey
tion eis wo vow doctrine, broacod now firth fat sine, The Pron
‘Ssociaton plated el on tie growd, to fra eoony tl veo
ernnd, lng youn nge; and it bas try nntined polio ever
flac wes fiat aken* ‘This committee Oo pot hore expres any op
ies oes can ious: le open af npareicy ut applcd to Stale
Pits and penitentnnce. ‘The Astin ite ne nove akon sien
Eis cuttorary ctning’ de tral yaar of proc, Silom,
nown atta separate snd ongrepato sytem, Tt hes nover dedared
ital citer foro sgaont tho oe oth othr. Very einen! memers
‘fhe eclty tata diferent viowsct that question. Theme may come,
Sd thet at go very datnt diy, when th asoiation wil fa eled
tpn to dfn its position co i rent quentin; but wnt ground, pre
Sey, it wl tae, thin comes does ot En and wil ok ware
to predict.

Iwill aot hare ccaped tee tht the conmitie have spoken of
‘Tho sumber of person of a tnder age inprinned in hese Inatons,
sro aro paued fo ong, much grate than we ould wish, Of hw 834
Fevsos in tho fall at tho tine of fngpecion, 180 wore mer twenty
Sears of age oosiderale portion of whtm ere chile fom fen
Eicon, The commiteebove grove doubta wheter cildrenvnter Soe
augil evento be it iy ak In car plain, ka ncla on wie
Soret seormatoris avs fvudedi—th printfa, ately of errors
Fads edveation ought tobe far eave way applied tn th tose
ent of young ofledre than iat preont Invitation of thi Lind
Should be entablahed tw diferent wetons of Oe States for youll of
tut assem combining «dtspine snilnty penal to deer rom to
tvs f ert, ei, ak ihe sue tine, he reformation of the ele

i ‘ caer taut
Ae NQTESINCSIGST, Ya pes a een a ost or kee ae

‘me county Pmigoxs, 195

prlt should be the ultimate object, ‘There is a wie eld, als, for the
Formation of proventive institations, which ball clue within the sphere
of their action tho proteion of the destitate, the neglected, and the ont.
cast, who infest our large towns and cities, who are the ready prey
fof evory temptation, and of whom oue poual institutions are the coustant
recipients. In a recent address tothe Boaed of Bdcation ofthe city of
New York by the President of the Board, that oficer speak of the is
ers of vagrant children who are roaming about the street, without uy
ssuide or protection from igaoeaneo and erin. It seems that some 80,
800 ehilaren of the poorest aud most axposed class are in this category,
front wim the great army of eeiminale ia tobe hereafver reeeuteds Tae
expone of proveative industrial sghool, by which these chiliven and
‘thors of tho sume clas throwghont the State should be Lained wo vit
‘uous and honorable labor, would be fer lees tothe commanity then thet
to which it will be aubjected by allowing dhom to purse a cavoer af
e, terminating. In penal servitude, Preventive and roformative
schools would bo the most ecouomleal aa welt as the most metal ar
rangement that could be wade with reference to those neglected, vagrant
andouteast childzen, who early commence a conse cf petty tnnagres:
sion, and from whom che ranks of adult erie ate maioly aud earely
recrulted
Separation of the Sseco—Thia topic eames in naturally at thie poiut.
oder the last hond, it was stated that theve is, to 4 certain extent, ae
sociation and intercourse between the two sexes ia our common jis
By that statoment, wo did not mean that won and women are actualy
in dhe same apartment, and in bodily eontact with each other, thodgh
leven this was the casein one or tro ofthe jails visited, Butin more than
Dalf the jaila in the: State, the two eexen arein such relative ponitions
‘hat Uhoy ean hold conversati together with the greatest ease and ia
many, they can ne one apother, belng separated, in ome cases Uy grated
doors, iu others, Uy a door with a hole in i forthe passaze of foul,
‘nd, in others stil, by opon-woek froa Moore, the womed being over the
men, In ono ll, the trnkey himself sleeps in the corridor, with only
a wooden grating betsresn hin ad the female prisoners, with Its bed
uot sx fet from theirs, witha light buraing in the prison, aud with the
key of thelr room in bis pocket, ‘There is just ax such exposure, mut
ally, of thie persons, and just as much fuility foe conversation or any”
thing elec, us if they slept in the same apartment, es indecd they do, to
sll intents and pasposes, This fucltly for eonvorsing together,
9 every one will see at a glanc, i a Lighly corrupting
8nd perticions feature in our common jail aystem, as at presonted
conducted. The shorts and jallkeopets speak ‘of it as. giving
birth to the most demoralizing isluenee with which they aru to
contend. Ts several of the counties, it has been presented aw 4 nuisance
and an inmorality by the geand jories, but without effct. Ita evil
eects ace represented by the prison oficars a manifold and never:

196 meron ox

cousin, Tt keope the prsooers, both male and female, faa continual
ferment of saeitsment, Te rtmulaea the exenal passions. Tt bagel
wile nod pollating cnreratin, and gives fatter for aod Tesds ta
Correnpoutonoe of the somo ‘charaster, Tk provokes mastireatin,
I is an agenoy, through which

‘oh anciny are eoucocted and arranged, Te

Stbed aeciity every low aud corrupt propensity, every ile and
Finpuveafethon ofour nator. If we wore willing tall these pages
swith ane octal, wii wo are not, wo night mension Fncidents that
Have ecensted within the walle of ot ally which would take the very
lod of those wh ved or heard of thom tingle in their elas,

Mave or Intastacreat arp Reties Cesttax—The cominiitec ae,
Iying open before thom, «very Inttesting paper by John G. Pey. Tag
Prison Inspector of Gren: Britain, and corresponding: mente of the
Prison Aesteation of New York, Iti the ofl report by le, Perry,
tf hie innporion, in 1883, ofthe conaty and orowth peo, forty
in number, uf the Southern Dintiet of Fngland. Pom thie report, fe
‘ppones that theo ls statutory obligation seating on the authorities of
tach county or borengh te sppotat a chaplain fr the conaty or borough
Jal, and, we believe, «achoolnater ale; or, at all event, where there
Te ot apecialfinotinaey ofthis fttor clans, ta duty of moeatar fo
ftenotion appeata tbe added to that of religions instruction, an both
tobe devolved opon the chaplain. ‘Tho committee have een, they com
eae, surprised, aa wall no grated, atthe view sffinded by thie dct
Ion of to paite and care bestowed by the Betis Government on the
‘eattal and fora ipterctneal of the primeers ened Soli joa ot
the scveral counties, it which sta teitory ie divided. ‘The services
tf ehaplane and achoolmasters ano mentioned aa roar in tis report
tm thovo of ‘wavdete en siatrons, aud. are presente aa oonsltating,
uaTiy with the ator, an omental part of the routine of pron dain,
‘The chuplalne prouch to the prisours onthe Lot's day, ad bald pray
fra with tem the weak days, and very many of thom, x alondyinti
fated, combine the function of Uencher with thet of preacher, Sach

‘wig are common ia the report: "The chaplain’
‘opartmcctincluder tht of eeeation, which ts: very well Gondtcted
under Lis superviaiou2”” "Np seboolqaster hus yet been employed; the
hopin esl ootiones todo chat duty:" Ty ehaplala alt poxforas
SIT the dotea of instmetion, 48 no secamastie or ahonlmstiese feet
ploped"” One chaplala i ported aa occasionally ving the prisne
fre a onay lective in meteorology, chemistry, ot nator history.”

ctrdaced a fanceati

Pronptots of prisoners aftr their Asehorge from
‘chaplain i furtbr commended for " heepig np occasional ooeresponi-
fence with priansers under poual servitude, which hos atid hits that

‘Tm COUNTY PRIBORE, 107

‘large nomber of thie clas desc to do wll after the leave the prison,
but thas the dticultics they met with ate allt iowa
‘certain stooloater Mr. Perry epesks in these terms
Played abont nino howe daily fa aumaer, and eight ia. winter, and Jo
Considered ery ellcient by the caplatng who obwetees, Tue school ie
‘ur strength; when prisoners begin to read, they begin to thiok” Mont
ff the county and borough jela are als represeoted by Me Pes
{former repor, a9 furnished with wil selected lraros forthe uno ofthe
prisonors

‘The commirteo have entered jot» this somewhat extended detail for
the purpees of contrasting the Heral aad, at the samo ting, an hey
verily belive, the wiser sud more economies! policy which t dovelopen,
Wilh the ayetns which they fom In actual peaetio fa the county fl
of Now York. Albany county employs achaplain ta bold» short wligh
fous service avery Sabbath morning, for which he ie puld by the super
ise 6 aalay of 8100 o° #150) aid Monroe county, we belive, though
‘Fo are not euro, expends about the ame amnnt. for the uum sje
‘he jl of four other countion, sn only four, ax far an thi comm tee
‘can now veal oy ragalar preaching om the Sabbath, vie Renata,
User, Orange and New York; bat in aone of them, ake the ofliating
clergymen emnerated by the countin for tbe services rendered. Ta
‘ho Inst two mentioned, the genlemen who ofinte ave missionaries
ceroplayod aod peid by benevolent societies, and ia the rat, the die
tent clergymen of the city of Tivy, acer the auspice of tho. Young.
Dan's Christan Association, preach inthe jall, in torn, without cena
eration. A siniae arrangoment we beers, obtains inzeference t the
Jal la Ulster unty. ‘Thor is never any preachiag inthe large jails of
the counties of Kinga aud Ev. Ta the jall of Wettrter county, the
ev. Mr. Ramey, an Episcopal clergynad, soych to his own credit,
idea voluater and grataitons wervioe every other Sabbath. With
fo exception ofthe ecven coutties meatioued, there io slated preach
ing in ce allo any county fa th Stato; nor as far ae we are Safran,
and believe, any occasional preaching, unles at intervals ua datas,
‘hat ono necasion ofthe sort Je frgotien before aantber occas,
fentzo ansual vt to tho State of the comity Jails, including the clty
prion of Now York, ae this committee ius ascrtained by carta iver
tigation, des not fall abort of $335,000; and yee of ela wast sum, not
£500, ll tole, expended with any, oven the remotset view to the
Flights improvement of the €0,000 or 10,000 jmeortl xing, who
‘very year push though theps huge reacevaie of erin, thoes wast and
fever busy manufactores of criminal. And forthe amelioration of hel
‘mcotal condition, which, in the case of numbers, is one of darkens and
egendation, stl ona le expended, SUL Tas) do. we tay? Not tho
millionth pact of farthing i lid oat on this abject. Net a book fe
cehased, nota lesan iv imparced, nota solitary efort of any sort je

198 REPORT o”

rade, 10 pierce the dense folds of ignorance, aud Jet a modicum of
Light, be the samo ever so small, ito the datkened chambers ofthe sot

Tn tro ot thre jaila (out mote we think), pious benevolemes has pro
‘riled seate or tro of rolomes forthe nse ofthe prisoners; the sherife
supply thom secolar newspapers, and their wiver and danghters, 2
tome Instancen, Kindly Inan ftom their own stove of books, religious
facts aud nowepapers are oceasionally given hy some stray pilamtro-
pis or ebriation, who geome to have lost his way in some instances a
fall, in more seunt, supply of Bibles ix found, and these, with what
wwe have dotated above, constitute almost the svn total of the means,
appliances, and efforts, pat forth either by public authorities or private
efttzoa for the moral, veligions, and intellectual regeneration of the
{inmates of our county jails, No, we are wrong. A noble. christian
amerchant of New York, Me. Z Stiles Ely,—ive delight to recwd hia
netne,—eends through tho Prison Sssovition, wove than 1,200 copies
of the American Messenger to all of the various prisons of the State
Jn afew insteness, this Kindsess did not seem to be appreciated by
‘those for whom it was designed; but, in general, the papers were
veported to ua aa reosived with joy and read with interest. Th ove ease,
® sheriff nd refused to take them out of the port office, because a super
visor had intimated that bis bill or postage would aot be allowed, A
rember of this commitioo paid the bill for the year; aul Ht Yo to be
presumed that tho papers bave since been take fram the of, 4nd
Aistoibuted amoug the peisners,

‘The committee Lope for « bettor stato of things i the jlle,or at east
for greater effort to produce it feom the local committe, whose forma
tion bae hoon mentioned ia a preceding part of this report, If the gear
Horoen so appointed are faitil to dhe day arsnmed, eevtainly much
saore will be dane inthe future than has been doue iu the past for the
{improvement and reformation of the prisoners, Bet this arency, howe
fever flchfolly or efficiently employed, is not enoogh. The counties
thomselves have a daty to yerform, a work to do,” With, pelaps,
ow exceptions, where the numberof prsonera is small aid the jail
is frequently empty, they onght to employ a chaplain, and fornia iim
‘with suitable tools fo work wih ia the way of tracts, books, aad appro:
priate accommodations far taparting hie istenotions, whothor religious
for teoslar, Nor world such a measore bo either dificlt or espetsive,
Tn most of the county seate, sone jndicions snd Faithful pastor,

‘what would §200 o- 8800, or Jadoo twice that sm, be to any county fa
the State, compared with the goad which society would ho likely to reap
from the expenditure? Th or opfaion, it woud be the most esanonieal
‘outlay of money whieh the eouuties coulé possibly make. With the ex-
‘eption of (say) a half dogow of the larger sities of the State, the average
conta the service required, bth tor religious and eeculay instruction,

‘ram COUNTY PuIEONS. 199

‘would not excoed £250 for cach jail oF lana than 815,000 fa the aggre
‘gate, ‘This would bo a mere modicum of the quatier of « milli
Now expended in the maintenance of the common jails throvzhout
‘the State, Who that refects for a moment ean. doubt that Uhrough the
‘oprention of such aa orgasized and all-pervadiag, moral agency a8 tat
pow anggested, a much larger stm monld be annually saved tothe come
rnnity by a dimiviaiod expenditure in the admivistation of exigsinal
Jostioe on the ope hand, andthe accumelations of a productive dndastry
‘on tho othor whic, tat for such am agency, would have been a mines
‘guustity? ‘There exh be no dont thet the expenses now inoarced ly the
repeated commitments and trials of our criminal population greatly ex-
seca any outlay that would be incureed in the Lest devised and most
‘comprehensive attempt f0 accomplish an effctaa! reformation
Tirdrwotion of Jel Property by Prisoners. waa reported o this
committe by sderifs and other officara of out ji, that there existe in
rmany prisonors a dispcsition wantonly to destroy shoot, Blankets, Uo
cls, and other jul furniture, oF to carry euch things off with them whe
‘hey leave the prison. The Taw requltes that a Bible wall he kept i
fesch room or cell of every peinon; but it 8 found almost impossible to
‘comply with the requisition in consequence of this babit. Reman Oxthor
{He prioaers ave reported by the prison offcere as very geuerally guilty
in thie respect, They sre represontnd a5 Caktng epleusaro ia thos mutt
{ating and deatroying the sacred volume, Povsibly this hostility may
bbe enterisined only tomanda tho Protestant Bible, a 1 0, this come
tee cannot hesitate fo secommend thot copios ef the Doua Bibl, the
Romisb veraion, be procured for their use, Much discostont. and dil
‘uly have area ia Bnglish jails from the eame eouree; aad they have
‘eon obviated, or ab all orenta Taesoned, by tho course here sugested,
Bai the anton destetction of Jallproperty by the prisoaere, of whatever
sind it may be, whether Bibles or bedeloties, gl not te be permitted;
tnd effetal mount showld Be alopied to provent it If privguore thas
‘offending cowld be prnished summarily By a prolongutfon of thot i
[Prsonaeot for a certain number of days, this might possibly eare the
‘vil, This for the interest of the prigonars themscives, every way, that
this maliioas destesction of property ahould be stopped. Thole pbysical
‘ue well ss acral well-being wold be promoted by the etoppage. ‘There
{en growing iedieposition, que nataral under the clecumstauces, onthe
part af supervisors and sberif, to Tutnish articlen or the comfort of the
prisoners ofa kind that may easly be destioyed. Again end agein bas
{hie commitine ben tald th shorts and pillow-canon were formerly pro-
ised forthe inmates of such and such ila, Dat that they have Doea
‘ince withheld Ihecense ofthe frequent dentrction by the very person
for whose comfort they had been furnished. It ie thas clea, and ought
to be so soon and regarded hy tho pesoners, Gat dhey would receive
‘rom the county Blears many moro convonionces,promotive both of health

200 REPORT Of
tod sont fete cre wee taken of tone wich they arnt

Discipkine-—Thia Yopie bes an obvious connection sith that Jost
treated, and falls in naturally, thecefore, af this place, A these at no
Hbreien or nest to nose, inthe ails, many shoriBs, ov tewbery oftheir
families; lou Looks te such prlaoners as express a deite for them. Ti
the aajrity of such cance the teninony ix tothe elle! that Looke lent
to prisonces aro not carcfully wsed, and often come back soiled, defec
land even matilaed, In quite a mamber of cazes, however, a diferent
‘and bottor account is given. The prisonors are represented aa taking
{good vane of the books Toaned thom, sd aa retrning the volumes with
but injary ia a single instance, Now, thie ean hovily he owing tom
foviginal and foherentdiflereuce of character in th iumates of diferent
jails, but most be dae, in great measnce, no doubt, to difference in the
discipline employed, tad to = superior power of government ponsessed
by some men and inkrlng in some systems, over that belonging i ober
ren nnd other ayatere. As a geveral thing, moral agencies will be
found moet suecesafel an w means of government and discipline fone
commen jalla; but, aafortenately, thexe are provisly the agencies that
fre mont lacking in thom; the snstrumentalites that are least emplayed
in an organized and systematic form. It lan been acen,alvendy, how
‘ery detent, how almost totaly wanting indeed is provision for he
{eligious instruction sod improvement of the prioners, Moral aneuaa,
fn a way of talking ond giving good sdvice, ate, to limited extont, 20
sorted to by some jail officers; tnt nowhere de there sngthing Tike @
‘wizely planned and earnestly applied eystem of mova! induences adopted
{od enfoeod fa oar comaon jl. Very Itle puniahnent i ever dial
fetored in them; very litle, indood, la roqulred. What nocosity can
there bofor disciplinary oF puultiee process, where the whole mit
tude are tumbled fa ¢ogetiee, and permitted to gossip and sms them
flves pretty such aa they pleagc? We donot lame the offers for this,
"Thay esnuot help it. Te in the system that ie in fouln. Ite thay who
franod the system that are responsible. When ponishnents do become
boars, or they cant be wholly avoided even Under tysteny whe
all ae for the most past left to da wat i "eight in their own eyes”
‘how employed are—ehaining to

ankle ioas, nd consinemont in a cel, darkened oto
with any aluidgment of tho customary food. Tho committeo nowhere
found in use the buck, the yuke, the sbower bath, or the irom ea, the
threo later of whieh punishments aro the common fecourae of oar State

leone

“Enployment This eobject his « natnralafivity to the two foregoing:
topics, and may, Berofore, very properly he conwidered in connexion with
them.” Tn one county, the pulsonert dug a sewer for dhe jell (thin the
jail promises), worth’ $200; ia another, they were employed ia road
‘making (outside) tothe value of 830; and in a tied, we beleve, about

{ULE COUNTY PRISONS. 201

ts mitch more was earned by thelr labor fn-aome way (outside also),
‘hich the county received in canh. Tn e good mas jail, the prisoners
{rab whitewash, ave aro0d, asl at housework, and do otber chates
‘thon! the prison, | Tn tnany others, they are never employed even in
‘thene Tight aeenpations, So that, om the whole, the committee havo to
feport-o employment for the prisoners in any ja nthe Sts, As some
1,800 constitate the average daily mumbor in tho jails, that ithe number
of peswne wha are constantly maietained by the Stato in tatl idence,
fa i seapects any nae nechpetion; but why are aa constantly basy:
fn the wosk of matual copryption and of teaing ap a generation tan
‘eu thom, tatored and prepared tn prey spon society, skilled Stall the
feuoning rte of the practised eriminal, and vallant i all ho wicked
Gaing of the dosperate villain. Last year, i was teported thats work:
‘house had been erected, ad the prisosere pet at herd labo, inthe lange
Jail u Oswego county. Everything promised well, and the experiment
weet aces So at east testified to this committee very tnllligent
tdtizens of Oswego, on our Visit to that jal last autumn. Bot th e

fractor who had pu up tha workhonse, somehow became dienstsGed, and,
Hirough some hocnsorus, which we do not well snderstand, aod which
it would hardly be worth while to relate if we did, the atempt to work
the priscuers of cor jails upon @ prodvetire plan was abandoned, the
hop was torn down, and the whole scheme ended in abortion, This
failuce in, every wey, much to be regretted, ahd the more ao, hooawee,
fs thie commitioe wero informed, there was no neceesity fori; Bat, om
the chutrary, every encouragement to Hope for complate ancenss Uy
pororerance ia the wadertaking, of which wo fair a beginning bad been
ale, The old adage that at (le brain isthe devil's workshop,” is
veried by daily experience outside ag well as inside the walls of oar
Prison; aod thers eanaot be doobt that both the moral und physical
‘ell be inouers would bo promoted by ateady employment
‘The committee are under the Impreswon thatthe law does not perme
‘any emplayinent of the prisoners outside of «jal, except that of making,
fou oping fda "here wan gen sti 0 abr a my a
‘he county seats atthe tins we were making ous inspections. The pla:
oot night bnve la fll employment in dlgpag celle, facing brick,
‘and enc ike occupations, which they might do wader the supervision
of a turnkey, without, probably, much danger of escaping: A change of
‘he Taw, petulttiog the employment of the prisoners on works of this
ind, whore ic could be dove without expocure 10 the por) of eseapo,
seeule worthy of the petioas consideration of the Legislature, The
‘women, coniaed ia our jal, it seeu tote, wight be always kept busy,
Kalttig, sewing, ke, Poeibly some emplayment might alao be found
for the wen within the prison promen, fit were only picking aku,
breaking atone for roads, or something elo, Uhat would Roep them ooca

of

202 REPORT OF

lod dtp dn, ere wo mall propa, the expense of
‘het imprison

‘Didarne Tn olin do the ul of the tate ioe more tha in tele
several ills of fare fr Ue prisanera, The allowance per week forthe
prisoners by eupervigors earls ftom $1.15 t0 84.005 und the diotaciew
have quite a2 wide a range; though an inereased allowance isnot always
followed by a carresponling verense inthe comforts of Log. Tn very
‘many alls, only fro males day are given; but in the larger number
‘hres meals are zerved. ‘The manner of takigy tele meals ie also exe
ceningly variant, In some jae dhe [owates eat inthele cells in othors,
Int common table inthe corridor; but inthe major pat, thoy take thoit
1sid, oF plate, or poringer, or whatever the lsh may be, and eat their
poriion wherever they can Sid tho most convenient spot. ‘There is no

ystem, aod bat ile comfort, Rvesything almost, i the mero style of
ferving the mala, is repulsive, and tends to onarrenese rather thas
Telioement.. Ine few of the jails, the food of the prisoners atrack the
ommitico os inforior in quality and seant in qusntty, ad particaaely
‘objectionable from the total aboonce of vegetables, pot even a potato
being farmahed ftom ove month's end to another, In one eae, the pris
‘ners complained that they wer fed on bean soup, withonts bean jn it
‘Tho bealth of prisoners long kept upon a divt, from which vegetables,
and ospeci

tanatly tho fow jlls where we fod the fare of so poor a charactor
fad so meagre fn qauntiy, aro tortly mete housey of detention, and
tei inaten wenally rennin tive « fow days; not loug enough to fel
those evil coneeqiences to thelr health, whieh a loog residence would be
fre to ental, st tho eases jnst named are exceptions to a genoral
Tule, The provisions feroisted in most of our jalla are abundant and
oer; {n sone. too good for prisoners, if reliance fe to be placed a
Statements made to ey the jllora supplying batter, cake, pudding, and
other laxuries. ‘The committee fle called upon, sometimes, to rebuke
fn rather sharp terms, a0 close wn approximation to hotel faze, Peisnera
sorating tie ate always allowed to huve extra fac, if they pay for i
themselves.

Bapenves of the Jaile—This atte ta set forth ial ts deta ix
‘Table IV, 0 which reference i mado for stisfction touching the same
‘As regards tho aubsistence of the prisouer, the usual pla ie for boards
of euperviaure to make a cortain allowance por weak for each priaover,
fox which the sheriff provides ratine at is owa diaceetion; a disevetion
‘which will ef conrse lend him to sake all tho maney he ean ont of the
operation. There is but one exception to thie rule,—that, namely, of the
City Poison ia Now York Hore the Keeper hts nothing to do with pro
vidiog the prisoner rations, This ie done by the Commissioners of Pub
lic Chavities aud Correction, and no profs ia made by anybody. As &
consequence, the prisoners were subsisted in 1863 at a weekly expense

ly potatoes are excluded, must necessarily deteriorate. Fare

‘IE COUNTY PRISONS, 208

‘each of ty two cents, To the other county jails, the weekly allowance
foe bowrd varies from G1.18 to €4.00, « very wide range, Where the
umber of przoners ie Tange, even at te lowent rate of boarding, « very
onaideradle profe must be made, a may readily be seen from the east
‘of eubniatenee in the New York Oity Prison, Tye committe are free to
fexprese their disapproval of thia method of furiching eapplies to prime
loner. "Such a trade avers abhorrent to the beat feslinge of hamaniy.™™
Unt proper supplies be provided for the prisoners and let the coxky
pay the notual coer and nothing more. This wosld take away allen
tion to reduoo either the quality or quantity of the fond fvniebed, 90 a
to make the morchansize of it profitable tothe keepers ofthe psoas

tary Condition —All the koown, principles of hygiene snd physi
cea wellbeing are aystematicolly outraged in the cotatruction uf our
common jail—tho ventilation imperfect, the sunlight in many uot
fioited in suicient quantity, the cells close, the ai always ful, often
dlp, the odor offensive, and so om to the end of the chapter, Vet the
health of the prizonors is, in general, reported us good. Few die ia
{all and fow diovasen originate there, The forme of dieease not pre-
Yeloat ara data tremens, voneroal efctione, rheumatism cola, and
disordered bowela, The detuile will he given in reports of particular
jail

Clantinese —Vory great diversity obteine in regard tothe eleanlinens
ot the dffeeat jails, of their Bedding, and of the clothes aud pereone of
their lomates, "Some Jalls axe erubbed wo or thrce tinea 4 week, and
the cella whitewashed every fortnight or every month; others look as

ry weve not sormbbed once a month, and tho whitowaeh brash acems
Alnwst aoknowa. Ta some, the prisoners age not allowed to epit spon
the Bones, and the rule ie enforeed to u aurplsing degrees in other, the
‘Boor or Haggings ave dlagustingty tithy ia this respect’ Tn some, tho
Ved Daslets (fr alicete are furnished in but fow), are washed every
firo or three weeks; ia others, only two or three times u yeas. Th tome,
‘the prisoners’ personal clothing is washed weokly; i others, they either
‘zct lin washing done ost, or doit themselves, sometimes aving omy
{old water furnisied, and sometimes belog. provided with hot. In some
jaile, prisoners are requined to wash their hands and face daily; ia
‘others tie optionsl to cleanse themaulves or go dirty, Tu some, soap,
towels, und commis are provided for the use of the inmatess in others,
either; ia ethers, til, soap, minus tovals and combs; and ia yet
‘other, soap and towels, wings ie combe, In some, razors are provided
for shaving, aud shoare for hirouttingy and In others, net. Bat in one
pertioula, uniformity as sbeclnte aa it is emarkable prevails through:
Dut the entire circle amd ayster of these jutittions, Ta nove of them

1 Soles the Go Pree of Pas th rn Din Bas of Tieupia.

204 eronr ox

fs there a bath #0 oF plang Bath, oF any means of washing the whole
perwon, except a buekets and thas mathod ig not often wed, thoogh we
2 lappy to veaord thet some shes ext ite use of thelr prisoners as
tte as ouce 9 week, of once in two weeks, A fow sleds require ©
the outro poreon from every prisoner 02 hie

‘Vermin abound in any of the all, wile some, by vigilance and cere,
fe kept In 0 gvad dog tree fon thea

Tlie toon stated that in fox of the jaa are the prisoners’ beds pro-
‘vided arith sheete or pillow-eaten, The committe regvet thi 0, and
would recommend the nee of these articles in all cusee, Thay bslione
that such a earuto soo! be found 08 eondeclve tm economy, as i ne
tainly wouldbetocleasliessand bealth If prigouer destroy thon, beri
and jllors should Hud meane to prevent i, IP they cannot, they mast
saroly be lacking iu thoaerosourcus of govoraniem, which ate easetlal
to heir position and ofc,

Seourity A fav of tho jails of the State may be pronounced secur,
co far as walle aod bers antl Golta and general structure and arreuge-
rents can accomplish such a reeul. The eatalogue of this sort how-
fever, would ot be long. They coald be counted ou the Anges, without
Cestaueting the autor In geveral, ovr jails are anything but een,
Moct of them eould be snmed, or dog, oF pried or Jn wome way broken
tough, ia the coarse uf a fow hore, by any expert rogue. The sufe
keeping ofthe przoners fa them, therefore, oo far ae H ie attained (end
ite gonoraly attalvod), is a recule duo tothe eave and vigilance of the
offcers, and not to tho praun tacit, For the details Mlusratug tbeae
positoue, reference fa made to th apecial report of individ alla

Au) eter he me ee el og i soy te
SESS SS Se aoe oe

‘THE COUNY PRISON, 205

AY, Somers oF Caos

‘The attention of the comuittes was earneetly dveeted to an inquiry
into the causea which operate most setively i leading men to the come
aisnion of rine, Ta this « logitioata mode of exertion on the part of

Prenat lar! ae ==

ee fee a

208 REFORT ox

the Prison Assoctation? On « euperdcal viow of the duties ofthe Soci
fy, ik might be thought that such au ingiry forms no part of those duties,
But « deeper consideration of the muster wil show dat thie ie erroncoos,
‘because too uarcow a conception of the acope and range of the Society's

rai tats ene he ete

SE A any tena nat ie ey peti

‘THR COUNTY PRIBONS. 207

work, One object of the Association, ax declared in tho charter, is the
Emprovemeat of prison discipline; an object, certainly, of nt les diguity
find importance than Dat which aims at the good of the detained and
{he discharged prisoner, But prison dieeipline bas to do with persons

come cement ett

7 eae tr te eam =

a z Rg vp rat

f Sie (ghia

208 ‘REPORT oN

morally diseased, How can we deal aucoosfully with thewe diseases,
Unless te know the eatiea that produced them ? ‘The character of the
‘agnosis will determine the eharactor of the treatment, Teone clase uf
Prisoners has Fallen into exe fea ignorance; another from netor her:

‘Bonterra te vie sen remy
soe %

{mE COUNTY PRIGOXs. 200

ing Vonrned a trade; a thied from the dominion of ungoveraable passions}
fourth from frequenting grog shops, and the love of strong drinks &
Sth from aaeoclating with loose and corrupting company; ae a sisth
from the exccstive love of mouwy;—it evident that tore wovers! claaoes
sho have fallen form eausen no widely variant, wil revi dat diferent
fotives and influences bo broogit to bear spon them, ‘The ignorant
will eed to be instructed, ‘The man without tho eility to carn living,
will eed to have that ability imparted. He who dx dominated by par
ion, will need to be traived (©  mnatery of hitmelf. ‘The prisoner
whom strong dink has fed nto evine, will ood a specal care for that
malady. He whom evil associates have corraptd, will need tobe weened
from his fondness for auch aesociation. While he whom avarice, hes
canted to invade tho rights of bie neighbor by feabd and violence, will

at prison discipline; and that all attempts at sach improvement and pest
fection willbe comparatively aatloas withont i, But how much nie
recaseary will uch nawlcdge be to all eacceasfol endeavors to nip
Crime inthe bod, and prevent it fos vipening ino actual transgression?
‘And this, afer all, e the mort hopetul, ae fie ooctinly a ost legit
imate, putt of owe work. How aiach better, aa well ae eae, to arrest
land represe proclviten to erie, than to arrest and repens the eres
‘which have been produced by thom proclivitie! Mow manch wiser to

eed
aes fee =

sm10 REPORT ox

‘apply a preventive that will ward off disease, than to allow the disease
infection coursing throngh the system, and then put forth
‘for to care it! Doubtless we should dono lew but rather mare than
tre now do, to beal the diseases of society; sill, our richest and beat
‘Wophics will be found ia the field of preveation. ‘As in physin, the phe
Ioeophy of hygions is better understood and more readily applied, than
‘hat of therapeutics, 20 inthe moral world, it js always easier to prevent
anvil Han fo remove it al nothing can be clearer ot more certain,
hothing nore of the nathee of an axiom, Uban that tho entire science of
{he prevention of crime is, abd mnst be, bsod upon a comprebensive
fed tooarate Knowledge of the ences whieh produce I
Toguities ofthis natare aro by no eins an innovation in he practice
of the Association, ‘Thnve extended papers on thie eubject have been
Aiveady- published jn the Sovlety’s anoual zepocta:—the fest in 1849;
{ho socond in 1885; and the thind, which is, in good part, a summary of
‘he other (wo. in 1804, The investigasione into the causes of crime,
Srv on by thie committee during tho past year, have strengthened
the postions asstaned ta the eaays 49 which Tefarence is here made,
We propose, in as brief manner ae possible, ty develop tho evidence
sained ia ean inestigations, confirmatory of the conclusions reeched

Sy on frmer esnceben.

Want of Parental Core and Goverment a Source of Orime—It i com
song tong. that intempersce, evil aatoctation, and oetiouness,
Tre the tree most ative eave Tengo the prection of rie ad
SSantonbiedy ey are, the peosinate cate aloe be taken Into
‘Be'account Bu back ofall Wwe, undrtying ll and giving poency
til the wont of en perontal rstant and discipline. OF this
{ie omits, om the resnrchw ae by them, donot fel the
Migntere debts and ale convitton on tia point fe But the co of
{Be tnrplred dem, Tea up a cid Ua the wey be sboald go; aid
in che ot depart from Tt wl be even by ampen
Tee Tatie War 0 por ont of tho priors Intsrgated were ether
seston oral orphave, ‘The cornice haow of no state, showing
{iu proportion of person i te hole comity who le oe or bol
fardonbafre the age of Hfeen, Oo 1 rough eatinate by members of
Te committee of the caten within thle ota knowledge they cannot
dot tat nore ah oon Bln ta exept

ing te proportion tobe one-fourth troughoat_ the Sate woul

Jalon thatoue bal the eee i committe by one fast of th peo
‘ier nother words the chances tint an orphan will coma ere are
Jae times erste then that thos will who grew op witout Toeing
fer paren, What asad iubevtance ie thus bequeatied tothe poot
Eid otom Providence a deprived of the guidance wd protection of
ater and meter! How eloquently docs tis fact appeal t the be-
evclent in babu Shese beenved and feadins Ite one, whom
Sod basta thrown spon tei nda

‘mm COUNTY PESOS. 2i1

Tat the greater part ofthe criminal popalation, not actatly bereaved
of thelr parents before fteen, are orphans to all fotenta and purpoace,
through parental neglect. OF this the committee satafed themacives
from the conversations held by them with the prisoners, Most of thee,
‘00 ning interrogated relative to the parental eare they had received tt
childhood and youth, replied that der parents had taken good care of
‘hem. Tat wen farther questioned whether dheie pareuta had. nent
‘them to school, and whether they had required them to attend. church
‘nd sabbath school, choy almost ae niformly answered it se neg

On being still further questioned whether their parents rebuked Sham
for swearing in their

tie parents had
fctuuly fret ther to sesl Sod tole when tht incest wea oy

they image subwered hy auc acta, Stange ae way appear,
‘he poco tosly had an Hen that cir parents tale goed care of
dom teen they wlipped them well andthe nual forge ween thoy
vrore preted with tho incuniatonty of tee statement weer 08 ne
‘you had esom how hard they wed me, you would have thought thoy
took good cae of me The omit father intarogatad the peso
ts canoeing thie own habits ofobdienc i srly Ha, -A Ben hey
tvveraly eid that they bd eon sdiont bat it wae ula een, ot
rons anetionng them that they ad rendered lite ox wo amen,
‘cept the fear ofa "trace gs” and that when try eld dey
‘thot the rink of dnictio, thy tarely horated to 80, Lot ue
Ser a ilstaton: Inova, tito perro asorted Lat they bad
Fecsved good care from thie parents tn gat, and twelve nt they
ied boon eden children. Bet fom thi anuwer tater questions,
Put to tat the teth thre stateent, te lar tet not wore ta
to of then coal rll make either seven, wo of tse we
‘tae at hey had bad oot parental ar, amid that thei fats
were itoicated moro than altho tins; aed seven declared tht tht
{arent had ever st thet eb Upon th whol, nothing sold
ke clue, iat porehonion of th omic, an the volo the
exainatins than tha the prisoners voen and conreracd with by them,
fad, with searcely an exepton sured for ant of Juicoue parental
restraint and are fn cilood, ud tha ta was one most pole
source of tet wrong doing.

Gropp eSoree of Crimea can bo uo doa that, af al the
priate avorcn of cine, the ae of fntexeatng liqeor tha most,
Prolife and tho most dediy. OF ote came Ie ag bo wld tht they
Say thelr hoonanda; of ths it mot be acknowleged fat lage
fens of tiasents. The commitce asked forthe opaion of Ue al
ices fo ner every coonty i he State au tote proportion of chan
intents doe eter drcty or Indiccly to trong ink The jul

ag sxavons of

pont of those geatlomcn varied from tmothieds, asthe lowest estimate,
Wrnteetouthe‘ as tho highest; aod,  redoctog th several proportions
Joan average eevoneighthe ith yeult obtained, This enormows a
‘[Cuonadng proportion of all the commitaents to tho common Jail
ecustoct che State isto be aucribed to 10m, fs the opinion of gone
Jon mont sonversent wil the eubjet, aud most competent, therefore,
Worm a comect judgment theveupon, OF tbe 868 prisoners interrogae
fed ony ton avowed enelves to be total abesinonts; white 20%, a
Jit acer oncsthivy claimed toe moderate dviokers; and S51, or neatly
twothinis, scknowiodged themselves to he of intemperate habite, Ve
Mong of thor who elaimed moderation ia hele dvsking habits owned
that Bey occasionally drank 0 Intoxfeation, and wome that they were
Chen deonk. "From their converestun with theso persons, and thele
Knowloige of others asserting 2 Tike clain, the committee Believe that
{ally tworthrd of ta moderate driukers, claiming, ovght tobe clussad
fhnsog the inciparate, which would ive noaily Bvesiaths of all who
‘Folats the lawn of th lad as habitally using iatosicating ligubrs to
‘eeore., Thing sight oat of every hondved in jail atthe time of oa vi
{fe ackuogledged hat they were babitaal tavern bauoters. No lows
Baw 25.165 persons, of whom nesly etal? were female, wore come
pated Yo jll daring the your for jatosicaton alone

‘Table XIV, which enlibity the statetioa of tho iqoor trae inthe
uate more filly as well ax muro accurately, wo think, than the anbjoct
fa ever been prosonted befuse, fore nome singular, and at the same
fiom, moet iateucive rests, Tho whole nuaber of real! Hiqaoe des
See tuat in, of geogabope, ncceaed By the U. 8. Goverament, is 21,242,
Srie to every 188 inatitantey-while the whole nunter of chorcbes,
we Gun bo seen by au inspeeson f Table NVIL, fe but 4,184, or ono 9
‘Shery 208 inhabitants, Te wll be futher sparen fro an exemintion
Sri same Table, Ut the cusntieswhece crim most abounds are pre
SGely the counice where tho ritio of grogeahops to the popalation is
reatest. For exumplo, in he county of Kichmond thoce isu groy-biop
Erevery 86 iniabitante; in Bis, eto every #0; fu Now York, o er
ty 104; ts Ques, to every 105, in Alt, to avery 108; in Kings 0
(rey 180; and son Ou the other aad, fe those comnts where crime
rimost rae, the rato grog-shope to population fast, Tn Delawaré
‘county there is 8 grogeop to every 867 nbabitante; ia Mazon, to eve

iy TIS; in Warven, to every 4134 in Teferwon, to every 638, Ace The
‘Sbonnt pei to Pe United States, atthe rate of $20 to each assessment
forthe prvilge of making crmipla snd of producing woes and arcown
that uo arithmetic can calentate and wo word declar, is 131,840;* and
that paid to the State forthe sate priviloge is 6195, 184; making toget-

SLDESropzremiys eos meen et ot

{Tm COUNTY PRtGOR. 28

‘xin aggregnte of $590,940. The mamber of parton of fone sling
Sithout Sats Hovose fe Le 3p. Ie wil be obeerved that a lent
nny tno omy a gion a Bf. The ck te cme
Keateungly. ‘They didnot belive there wan, o ould be legally oy
rations o  Reene 4 il fr bale the gen.” Oningleeg ofthe
‘Attrnoy Generel, they wore cone fa tie vw by te delion of
ft offer, Nobeard of excite has any gal satbosty fo grant ence
fo el lqaor ut retail fora alnge day at os than 830. ‘The follwing
Ie ant he Aton Genrs oon, aed 0 «ona

ime or compensa i any her mane
Spin, Roepeceflly You
“Fou oct hwe, Auorney. Genera

Licruonanoe a sora of Grine—Th
ag, the mort active prodactr of erie.
Stable Yaa commited to ovr common jlle for dhaodery coacty «
‘Tey large proportion mere prosttnes, disorderly conduct being inthe
‘omensitore of jul offers sapheatsm for powtation. In Tach the
Temale wards of all oor petons ate swarming with thove fallen and do-
rade women, asthe wale wards ara with tm aed ys wh ptconice
fem, Ofte 588 persons fa all t the tine of Faspention, ane fterte-
atm by the commie, $1, oF nearly oneal, ated that hey were
{licention habit aod this etatomont is very far frm giving th real
Broporion of thie cane for mmbere of women claod to be vietuous,
nd aro ro recordet Ia the tables (6 thelr ows answers weve alway
But down), abo wore ows to be prostiator uy the jal flour, snd
‘whom tho committe, even without sch aathoity, would ave felt no
Teitaton in nerguing to that clans, Neatly ov ult theo fourths of
the malo peeonere sonfeaed. theses Yo bo ore Toei the habit
‘tfrequentng batty nd he comes bave no doubt ata opal
Dropetin of the fale priners bad wandered fom he path of vit,

is prof to the omcitee to tecord ne it wl be pant
aaoral and roigious portion of the community to beer, tat prostinton
1 Shane errr ought he State, heal snl
stint lies and towns rapidly ad alarngly oa tho focteasey aud
ta aera vay of ara ins we,” T wt of pate
‘tion fa not one that is pleanact to contemplate oto write about yet,
pif a the theme the comic fel it fo ba thelr dty to take
frtsin statements seating theroto hat the public attention may he
termed 0 nd, posible, some semody devised. Tu ingle cone
acted in previous years this lags of women have generally attibuted

oe maPORT. Om,

‘thst fll fom virtue to seduction wnder promise of martian; in other
‘words, they have attributed their ruin tothe male nex, Dating. the ex-
{ininatione ofthe past gear, » ew and surprising slate of fecte haa met
b- Let wo offer, su ni ilactration of whet we mean, the statements of
the fret 26 women with whom we conversed that acknowledged ther
salves to be prostitutes. “Biery one of them expraly denisd that they
Nad bers seed by mon. Eighteen of them anid that they had been ae
duced by the persuasions of other women to follow proetitition ag a bast
bees, Wo were surprised at thif statement, and donbeed ity teat, Bat,
fon making inguicies of police offers and others likely tobe informed {a
Such msters, wo cond not resiee the couietion that an orgaaioud
tom of procareasey lag knows t exit in lange cities, bus now embraced
the raaldisrite inte heli grasp; that brotbelanre reerited throws
‘heir eforts; aid thet private lust acoks and obtains ita objects chrowsh
the same oaholy agency. When questioned se to the art and argue
ments which were used by these procaresses to induce them to enter
pen alife of shame, it appoars that they were various, and skilflly
llaptedo the diffrent moral idioeyncracies of the vetine, Fifteen ofthe
‘women said they were indgeed by promises of rich clothing and jewelry

Tife without any such motive, bat

‘One anid slic had not been indyced by any one,
cither male or female, to exter upon the career the was parsing that
the began stand continued it because sho preferred ity and that abo
‘meant to continue it a8 long ae she lived. Oa inguiriog of the shotitt
nto her previous history, we found that hera was a case of hereditary
proclivity; oth hee mother and qrandmotber having beea loose wownen
One wom said that she bad boon prevented from marrying tho man
‘hs loved, and had been aliost forced fnto marzyiog « man whom she
Aisikod. Sho acknowledged that ho wae very kind to ler, but she

was Ieading, but declared that sho

riven on tit, and could aot help bereell Another said that she
‘embraced that lifes a hygienic mearter, that she had been advised to
do it by several physicians, and that she fond her health very mach
improved by i Thi seemed a very improbable story, but ne of the

er his opinion,
coincided with that expressed by other physicians [athe case. Strange
ts the story seems, it may possibly have some foundation i truth, and

‘mae COUNTY PRIsoRs. 16s

ft casts a curios side light upon the morbid notions, which are
‘the eouroos of human condueh

"The declarations of women of this character ate always to be taken
with cation, and fe may be that die veal motives are not tuly dsclo
‘ed in the above etatementa; Dati ls, nevertheless, interesting to kaow
‘the causes which they desire should be believed as actuating them, even
if they ato uot the real once

Te wil be observed that much the larger part of the women assigned
‘love of costame ani joweley 4 the initial motive to the etepe which
Ted to tele degeadation. We cannot doubt that this was, to great
extent, the real wuth. When they spoke of this inducement, there was
‘an aulination of manner and» epakle of the eye, which Init no doubt
‘upon the mind that they would do almost anything to acquire the much
coveted decorations

Tt may seom impossible either by legislation or by any other
form, of repression to arrest thie evil which, as before stated, ac
cording to the voaniuous opinion of the Jodiolal and admiuitra:
tive offcers, is growing repidly in lait every county; yet i acoms
ecirable that the facts should bo known to the omanity, ak an inde:
pencable preliniaary to the diecovery and application of emedlal meas
trea. Ite Lelioved that much of the aucoess which has attanded the
‘efforts of the procaresses to ablain vietime, has ariacn ftom the utter
Fignoranes of those upon whom they exercise their arte. Pareuts never
warn their children of theae dangers. The pulpit, the press, and the
Sabbatinechool teacher ate silent; and when the sly aud subtle temple
eas ns eounded the mental and moral pecaliaitien of the victio and
{sei ypom the most yuloerable part of her nature as the point of attack,
she i succs, ay ie may be, beans et pay nietected od

here is, indeed, danger even in the tesching which warns

sevns the Mato perl Unt best le vince hut Wrasirs Kao
the vital importance of the work, hale womat’s tact, guided by Chris:
‘tian fecting, might dew'o the moans to guard their daughters agafost
the hidden danger, without implanting any taint of impurity. And the
teachers of out Sabbathoscbool, while they are fitful az ever in their
doctrinal teachiags, might apply thom more practically thea they have
Ineretofore dove to the illstration of the practical dies of every-day
Hit They might, at least, impress upon the minds of cheir pupils the
angers arising from an inordinate love of dress; the duty of fit
ad dalful obedience to parents, aa those who mast gire an account;
‘the snfulnese of avarico and an inordinate lore of acquisition; the nee
ceasity and obligation of perfeet and absolute truth in thei intereoures
‘with the world; andthe imperative duty of doing good to every one, a
they have opportunity.

Tn this eouneotion, allusion may be made to another butkindred tpi,
‘Thoro can be no doubt thatthe vice f which we are treating, a8 wel as

am REFORE O*-

Arnal ere in general, ace increased by & clase of women, who, ondor
the chasacter of phielansailled tn esate complaints, go heough sho
fonnizy procuring abortions, Many of hace woten for foe teach the
fr of poaouing, Many uf tbom slo, ike te procuosaes before spoken
SF, arobroers of feale chars, in tho employenent of tho brothels and of
thon of pleasura Ia vor ange etee, ‘The increase of polmoing, which
Bas been going on fora few year pan, fe to this eau; ad double
Teor ulao the alarsing inctease of prostitution, Lo which reference bas
ead ben nade aud ri Is atest by wisweses in every past of
‘he Stte, abe, in part at least, ans foe fa the wame way-
Tgnoraion a Sonrsvgf Crime. Thx connection o ignorance with erie
vill be pateat to al oo an examin ofthe tables herewith eubmited.
(OF the Sh priners interrogate, 179 (38 percent) contd aot read 118
(percent) com vend only, 264 (40 pat cnn) could read and welts
{phil onty 8 bad reveived superior education. Now in de whole State
Gr New York only two and sevemtonthe por cont. of the alt pupal
fre unabo to rend, while $1 per cent. of Uhowe who commit erie do not
poseeos that silty. once we lonen that nearly onertbied of dhe ere
Erie State is comittad ty a ile rote than twoceedredthy of the
Dpulation, What «striking proof ofthe eect of ignorance in prodae:
Tig erie! But even thie statement fs fr feom shosrng the fll fda
hoe of igaoranoe in that direction, Then who are put down ax wblo to
ead only, and eves the larger proportion ofthe who are onthe record
Sate ea i ste fanaa seni ry ad
degree, Atleast his is the case with & vast majority of the
tefo no such totecy of fhe ara rating as ener them to 981
cither, Kees, a2a meane uf soeretion, wheseby they are prevented fom
Seeorting tothe geog-aop, the gaming aston, or other improper plaoes
‘of amuneaent; or secondly, to help them te get a living, and wo take
‘ry tho temptation to retort to exime for Dat prone; ar thielly, by
ding Ue Hibly and other good onks t lest the patboray to bole
dress al so Become pied fe leave ae well se life. The committee
{ested eine ofthe prscners who elaimed the ability o feu aad fous
Dardly any of them in ponseaion of ito that degree which would rer
deri auilale Sr the avoidance of cime in either of the tree ways
Damned inthe preceding setencr; of indeed, fr any really practical ade
Yantage, ‘They read with eo much labor an eo Nile fntlligence, that
They can never reort to it either for wiatom or recreation, There lan
tmagioal efoncy fu tha power 1 apell out words. To bo usoful, tha art
of sendlog must be acquired toanch a degree ast wake iearaiable ag
& source of pleasure ua Jnsiructon; bat thuse who are recurded as
‘ble to road donot, generally, posses i to thavestont. Not one-fourth
‘ot thon wio were stked to do eo, could nell the words "rend and
“rite” correctly; and » majority f the prisoners who wore tie,
cbliged to opal at least v fourth of the words, before they could pro-

sme constr pansoxs. ar

sonuee tera, We generally tied them on the fat verte of the second
chapter of Lake, Very few, appareaby, got any Intelligble Hew of the
etl Gerey oa i st" wm
Geert athe doa what Gane Angi enka
tiled whothr it was an, ora bess ova aril fread, be
Siecoldnot ct Auother ald tata cee” signfed very lenge
fend. A thiedthonght thatthe word "tae" meant charge aa 0
‘ux e tan with stosling, A fourth suid tht If eaybody Bad tld him the
‘word, be shoul think # most ouking flee pay money, bt se We wa
Inthe Bible, ho did't know what it meant, Many other mewers were
siven quite wide of the mark as tae. Kt ix perfectly clear to thin
oromitte tet the great me af oar prion population have master
Sng, no avaiable Knowledge, ofthe ait oF seading. Thy ennvot resort
‘+ cans of recreations thoy cannot empley It as aa ald f pro-
‘ring livelibood; they cannot nee it ae a moana of holiness by coud
ing the Bite and wocks om religion, ‘The teath i, aive-tonths of the
fates of on jail and peniteniarios are jgaorent ton, who, although
tried on the prison registers able to seal, ae neverelee ot
Pablo fdsing a0 to any aoetel purpose. Tt follows that a very Inge
proportion ofthe erin fn our State a indeed everywhere ele, be per
Delrated by very small proportion ef the population, ignorance
Keon ated tomer erin, ad, want appear, with 0a

“The tblon afford soother tnt, by which the sane thing te mado
apparent. If the ‘counties are divide ioto groupe of twelve to
‘teen according to the proportion of adults dn them who cancot read,
ae nin table XT, itil be found, by tornog totabos Hf sod TT,
‘which presente a slew of de craivality of the State both abetute and
Felatve, that the groups which oe the greatest pioporton of adult
population unable read are precisely the county where cele mont

Geniing @ sour of orime~Vory nenrly one-sixth ofthe prncnens
with whom the commutes conversed confeed themselves to be add
Gt ore or lem to gambling, As nuthicig Uke thia proportion of ths
‘whole alt poputation of the State ean be woppoaed t be oily of hic
‘ice, it will follow thet oueelath of the ese la committed by nach
loss dian ouesixt of Ue population, ad hence that gambling mast be
reckoned arsong the active cates of eve

11 is venarkabla tha, while prosttaton i ororywhore onthe incre,
anbling i, almost anon, Siniuiahing. Th a probaly to be a
Sounted for on the hypothesis that a large part ofthe professional grt
Biers have goeto ply her nefarnusboniees athe campyandon these
Drinciplo at "where thee i no woud, the fie goth oat” whore there
too harper, there are no vietionyand the diointion of de fariee i,
‘Of newest, the dooease of the later,

218 EPORT O¥

Theatres 1 source of crime —OF the whole number of prisoners inter
rogated by the committee, nearly onchalf owned themselves to be
Aheatre-goors, ‘This statement suficleutly indicates the covnesion
Dbotween habitual attendance vpon thin fascinating but demoralizing
‘amwwemont and the perpetration uf erime. ‘But we have other proof of
the sama thing. In most of the eountiea there are 10 permanent thea:
tree; but in almost al, strolling players, traveling hows, cirentes, negro
minstrels, and the lke, are more oles common. The testimony of of
cern connected with the arrest, tal, and prnishment of eriminale ia
{quite uniform to the effet that these exhibitions rarely paae through
county withont making thelr fauewen felt In ezimolating crime aad
‘adding to tho tenantry of the jal. Petay thefts, especially, mark their
track throvgh the State, and ® ¥ery considerable Inereaae of comimite
rents follows. Boys and servants are very anxions to go to thom, and
that thoy may be able to gratify their deste, they sts! old iron and
rans, clothoctines, mate, de, actilon which are most exposed and Teast
Ikely to lead to thelr detection. One man ie now in Clinton prieon for
fe, who muntered his wife beasts abe refused to give him a quarter of
follr to attend a circus, which waa extibiting in the town of Kader
hook

Want of early religions training @ sourve of erima—More than omo-
ball of the prikooera seen by Une eommitee—BI8 ont of 508 —had either
never attended Sunday school in their youth, or had uttended so ieega~
larly aa to smoont to nothing. Tie fect apeaks for itself, and etosrly
evinces the teuth of tho proposition ander consideration,

‘Botdiichreabing @ source of erime.—Chis point is more emphatic
cesinblinied thaw the foregoing, inasmuch as the proportion of Sabbath
‘Breakers to the whole number interrogated exceeds foar-ths, being 84
in every 100, Wo say such isthe proportion af Sabbath-bre
ply because 20 many acknowledged tbat they never sent to shurch, oF
front very tately, which i equivalent to not going stall,

“Lack of Ministerial instrwetion a rource of evime—A carefl study of
four ITU table will prove this very conclasively. Divide the countice
Into groupe of Sften, and it willl Fund thatthe ratio of ebnrehen to
population in these groups will menaure the relative criminality of the
‘Sotuty with almost the same precision as the rie and fal of the mereu
ty inthe thermometer meeures the degree of cold or heat inthe atmos
phe.

Want of a trade a source of crime.—More than tworthirds of the pris:
loners intertogated (69 per ennt.) had never learued a trade at all; and
fof the remaining third probably one-half had done eo very imperfectly.

Inonigrtion a s9uroeof rime.—-Pilty-ne pet cont of the crime in 1363
wan committed by foreiguers; but only twenty-six per cent of the pop-
‘lation of the State are of foreign birth; therefore, in round numbers,
Lal the evime of the State fe committed by a quarter of the population,

se COUNTY Pricose, ag

‘The chance, then, thet a foreigner will commit erime ie just two ¥ ono
‘hat sn American-born citizen will

“Thorouphfareeof trade and travel @ source of orime—Two proofs of
this proposition are at end, In the free place, itp found that counties
‘raversed by rivers, canala and railways, and more particulaly those
‘Whicl Include the termini, are the cotsties most conspiewous for thelr
Criminality, as Brie, Monsoe, Setienectady, Albans, Reneseleer, Sarato-
kes, New York, Kings, aad other eonatien generally, which Lorder on
‘tha Hadaon rivee, In the second place, sn any given cmunty, the
‘onthe line ofthese thoroughfares faruish, almost invariably
font number of prisoner tothe jail,

Pauparian 1 sourve of vrine—Tho general proofs of this position are
abundant; but, wobappily, not oo cleat as we conld ‘wish from our own
tables, which have buen constructed chiefly from those published by the
Secretary of State. There la very gteut need of improvement in Unese
tables, ‘The methods of keeping the accounts and registering the sta
tistics of pauperism ia the dierent counties are 80 variant and ia many
‘pparently so loose, ae to be of litle aaa for purposes of eompariacn.
‘The tables on this ebject may be of aome interest and may possibly
yield some instruction to those who examine them, but they do vob
‘appear to this comitie to fornish # Feliable bans for deductions and
sgeveralizations of any great value ox trustworthiness

‘The common juile themsslecs a source of crime.—Thispoiat baa been
coficiently bandied already In treating of the aaoeation of privoners i
{formes part of the present report.

Density of population o sures of crime —Lat any ono examine care
fully our 170h table, aad he will soon satiny hime that crime prevails
in diferent commanitiea in ration corresponding to ve great or Tosa

ber of inhabitants as compared with tho arous in sere

V. Ansrstraantse or Caran, Seem,

An inguiry ints the administration of pens! lave throughout the Stato
Js doomed searcely less ianportant tan the examination of penal insti
tutions, sce the mode of criminal administration carte Tight on many
‘questions of prison discipline, which, without auch ligh, are quite anom,
lous. This inquiry baa been pursued by the undersigned a¢ widely
fd aa carefully aa time and opportimity would pest, and the resulta
will be briefy sot forth in the immediately ensuing pages. The com
mittee feel that it is but an aet of justioe to record, Inthe outa, th
cardial thanks fur the courtesies uniformly extended to them aud the a
promptly given to facilitate their labors by gentlemen connected with
{his department of the public administration, including judges, district
attorneys, county clerks, county treasurers, sheritis, and police ofcers
of every grade,

‘The first thing that willatike a poreou who scans table X, which
‘exhibits general viow of the administration of criminal justico throu

220 REPORT OF

cnt the Stato, wll be tho disproportion betwoon the indictments foondt
‘and tho trials Had in ovr courte of record, Thore were indicted in 1883,
Jin forty-four oomnten, 8,624 persone of whom 155—just enetith—were
Drougit to tial, OF the tried, 611 wore convicted; 202 were nequlteds
fd in the exee of tho remaining 41, the jory were tnablo to agree and
were discatged. “Dat in certain ‘oneties the disproportion between
the inieted and the tried was much greater, In Atbany ennoty, foe
example, ninetysis persons were indicted, and only five were tried,
being an inaignifeant fraction over onetwenticth

sovontyve were indicted, and fee tri

[Now York and Rensaciner, the ratio of the tried to the indicted was
nine to banded, or litte move than one-tenth, ut of all th
Counties inthe State the proportion af the ted to the indicted it the
fmalestia Putvam, begs only thre inthe hondred, oF onethiety-third.
(On the othor hand St, Lawrence inthe county in which the adininistration
of criminal jostice inmost ecient, 20 persons having been fndicted, of
‘whom 21 were brovgit to tris), or fraction over fourth. In Bele
county, alae, penal law i adminitered with no litle vigor; since of
6 persons indicted, 180 (a Title wore than onedall) were ted. OF
the 8,624 persone indicted, as above atated, 1635, 0° €5 percent, pleaded
silty, ant #0 were convicted on confession; but in almost al eases thei
{onfesainnn wore of lowor celmon than those with which they stood
hanged; and in measly” all canoe, Uewiee, thote who confoseed wore
Derains on trial for their Beat offence, the old eriminale invariably pre-
ferring the chances of escape afforded by trial The cases disposed uf
Dy tal or confession wore 9,890, or about two-hiedy of the whole nume
er ladicted tn the 44 counties, rom which wa have reports, ‘The re:
raining one-third wero discharged on nolle prosegti, and straw bal,
cnlistenent into the wrny, &e,

(OF 236 perme commited to prison on the ebarge of homicide, only
85, or about opetenth wore convicted and panied; of whom but six
‘were sentenced tthe death peualty, Aud here we may somark, in
general, that iti in relation to erfmes of the higher grades tht (he dia
proportions betweon the convictions and dhe artesta fa 80. enorinous;

proportion, indeed, which la truly alarming. Moreover, aot only are
the moet serious erines rarely punished, but even fu cnves where a com
‘ction la obtnined, iis pt to he mo long after tne offence that its moral
fect whether pon the culprit or the public, i almost wholly lost
More commonly, however, in crimes of the character now tnder coneide
ratio, the transgressor, somehow, by hook or by erosk, manages in
tho cul to escape, Let ne give anillstration: A case of arson accu
ted inthe ton of New Lebanon, Colombia conaty, which excited intone
Dubie indignation, and comld not therefore be slarted over as wily an
Tees atrgcions and maie olenre cases often are, ‘Two of the party
turned State's evidence, and were Rept in jul at the expense of the

‘THR COUNTY PRISONS. 298

‘eounty for eighteen monthe. "The ease wax postponed on one ffvaloaspre+
texto another for soveral terms; but at length it carve uf

‘while the writ of errr was in the euprome court, the prisoner. wad ade
Initted to ball, His bondesien were men notorlowly fogolvent oxeow
tung against them having been repeatedly returned nua bona. Tia bu
f waste of paper to ad, that nothing more was vor eoen of the preoner
‘The county had been pat to an expanse of about $8,000, and the reealt
was as here stated; and this bintery, mutatis mulandiy, in repeated fn
Soores of iustances| every year in ote administration of eriminal law,
‘One couse of the delay sad Buel miscarriage of criminal tals iy the
practice of aending eases from one coast to snothor, ‘The court of oer
fd teemincr sends the indictmenta to the court of general sessions, the
Sessions seod them back to the oyer and terminer; and thos they ‘pass
back and forth, diven like a shattlo-cock from court to court, ual the
Judges are weary of the game; when « nolle prowgui is enteted, othe
Prisoners are discharged on wham bail; and that is an end of the mater,
‘The records in the offece of the county clerks show eome very curious
reading 8 thee points

All this would be diferent, if the district aitornays received a fee for
each conviction, instead of fxed anneal salaries, ‘This method of rem
eration afords, moreover, ie oar opinion, « tolution of the problem,
‘why so stall per ceatage of the perione who are arrested tad coum
riod to joi, ate over Brought to teal. The payunont of ealrion ini
of feos, by noveseary, of atleast w natural, law, works and must ever
work badly. Many defoitions have been given by philosopbers of man,
and many dspains havo srsou ae tthe carrectnees of these deiitousy
Dut there fe one detnition, wich will unite all eufeages, vi; that "aaa
is intinsially a lazy abiwal” Nowe, under the present aystem, the
iatict attorneys get just aw much for doing nothing as for doing some
‘ing; and, wile huoiga nature remains wach anit, thi fact cannot
bat exort » paralyzing laduence, aot on al, yet on neaely all, of thes
fanctionatia,

Bat whatever may be the soarees of the law's delay” and whatever
the canses operating to prevent eonvietions in trsle forthe commission
‘of the higher grades of crime, ie cortain that our eriminal population,
that ia those who pursue crime aa a means uf obtaining a lvelibood,
Ihave well nigh ceased to fear the law. They know jast how ta clade
‘ta meses, and they laugh to soon ite impotont menscos. At leas, the
‘chanees wiih felon always has to escape the just panislament of ie
‘rites re s9 numerous, that those despesute meu beeitate at nothing,
fare appalled by nothiog, iw scoking to elect thelr nefious purposes,
Wo ceate to be started’ at the frightful record of violenco and bood
Prevented in the daily papers, when we sce that criinle seldom re-
seive the ponishmeut due to their misdeeds, but re turned 1oove to tall

92a KEFORT ON

‘their comrades in erie how cosy i a 9 clude the vigilanoe of law and
ceavape the awards of justiee

‘Weave alrexdy alluded to the fact that ertinals often plead to a
lower crime than that committed, which plea ia accepted by the court
‘and » mitigated puuisment awarded, We are far from eaying or be-
Tieving that ach a procedure is always wrong, of that there rary not
bbe cares where it im emincutly proper. Bat we cannot help thiaking:
thatthe practioe ie bee.ming too common fur a effective administration
of the la. Iie, es lutely notioed by one of oar daily journals, a grow-

ng custom with district attorneys to accept a plea of guilty of «minor
‘offnes from a party indicted for a high crime. Por instauce, a man ie
Indicted for munder in tho first dogrce, the penalty foe whieh, on convie
tion, ia death (urine the prossonting officer that tho pei
foner is willing to plead guilty to mausanghter in the fourth degree,
the punishment for which fs a few months, oc, at the very mtmost, wo
eats, imprisinment; and that offal, ostensibly to aave tho time of
‘Souet and jury, accepta the plea, The musderer undergoes a brit com
Snement for his bomeide, adie then releasot to shoot or disk che nex!
san that crosses his path Il be this pernicious practice tht holds out
4o the aesassin ad the robber the almost certain chance of escape from
‘he fill moed of poniehment; and until dhs, among: otber abuses
‘stopped, the ntmust vigilance and slacrity of policaollcors and constar
‘les cannot prevent the increase of rise.

“The increase of crime” Is eriwe increasing? ‘hero are cron
tances, which seem to ludicate rather that itis diminishing, even in
‘hese troublons times. ‘The years 1861, 1862, and 1863, during which
‘he war raged, show #951 convictions ia eouete of record against S404
conviction for the three immediately preceding yours, which were
{Yeats of peace; that is, 478 in favor of the wae period, So (he commit
{os are informed} the forthcoming ainual report on exisinal statesios
ff the Secretary of State, will show 214 los convictions in courts of
reoord for 1864 than 1868, which would seem to point 10 m continued
‘ecrease of crime. But the committee are iuclined to Vnink that these
Appearances are fallacious. A considerable number ofthe eriminal popu
Tetum have no doubt volnotarily enlisted and gone to the front, that
‘they may ply theie business in the army, and so have simply changed
their feld of operations, Nota few abe, as we know, have been dis
charged without trial on the promise that they would ealist; and these
swore probably all guilty, since, if they had sot been, they would have
expected on thelr teal tobe able to windicato tote innovence, and so
‘would have refused to enter tho army. To-ch an extent ls this ds
charging of prisoners on the promive of enlistment loca cattied that

me sherit remarked to the comitiee at tho time of their visit to his
Jl, that the penalty of erime in these days waa to enlist and rocsive a
big bounty. "If all who have enlisted (escape the State prison oF the

‘Tu couNrY-PATsONs. 298

penitentiary, had stood ther tral, we aro apt to believe that the tables
‘Of couvietions would be reversed, and thatthe war period would show a
‘decided advance on the previous yeare of peace, And what eouliae ue
in this opinion i, that convictions for aor offences ia courte of special
essions havo greatly increased in the Tater years. For instance, a2
will bo acen Ly the Secretary of State report, when published, 1864
shows the enormous advanco on 1863 ia justices convictions of 9,409,
‘That female cvine is inoroasing there can be no doubt. In the county:
of New York, the proportion af female erime in L857 wan $9 per cent;
Jn 1858, 40 per cent.; while, in 1863, it had risen to $0 per cont, a very
rapid advanco. La other parte of the Stato  sinilar thougn not equal

sereaue lng takon place

‘The colaron in ‘Table X, headed “Amount received by county trea
‘surrs for forfeited ball during the Iaat four years,” reveals a very re
rmarkabie feature inthe administration of justi im our State, Tagquity
was tmade on this point in Bfty-thvee conties, in only four of which bas
f dollar of revenme been recived frum thia soeree within the font years
last past; —New York, $16,868; Niagars, §3,160; Franklin, 8626; and
Genesee, §400;—making an aggregate of $20,098. The’ commitiae
ascertaied the number of forfeited recoguizances far 1868 fa ouly four
teen coontios, which amounted to 438; which number, taken 98 the
‘annoal average, would give 1153, a8 the total somber for four years.
In these fourteen coutics, there was received, d
yeas, fom fofeitave of this Kind, the
That che aystem of reenguizanoes, av practically managed in this Stale,
is litle botter than a sham and a mnockery. If the privonee appea
when called on for tral, i well; if not, ii just dhe samo; hia onde:
men ace sot held to the rospousbilten Ubey aatomed in taking that
position,

1 the matter of justices’ fics, thero ia great loonenens and want of
responsibility. Thoro ia no, aystem of checks inthis busivens; no Ace
countabifity; uo means of Faowing bow much Sve money the jutione

hrowgh all, oF nearly all, tho countien in the State: that of appropri
ting by the justices to thie own private ate without lal right either
8 part or the whole of the money received from the nce fnposed by
them. Let ns give a few ifustrations, ont of the soores almost that
came to our kooveedge i the course of our investigations

Tn one county, ou applying to the county teasuror for the amount of
{inca received by him from justices of the peace for the pruvious year,
hia reply was in these worda: “"T have received nothing, the ues eo
lected are all atalen by the justices.”

Tu enother county, in response to «similar application, the troasurer
‘eve #476 us the amount received for nea daring the preceding yet.

924 oon oF

Wen aked whether fat was the whl aout nes imposed and x
Tose Hosid he dant knw whothr wae tho whol, or fel oer,
tr indbed what popetonfevam of etre amoont vied ed pal

Tas tied couig: oe jonco ve ype an Known to have roid
2100 in ten, no tos of wich wen bar paid over to the Conny
tere

Tal another, certain jstico wan reported. va having r=
ceived a numberof faey, th sownt oot being tated, of wish no Park
tran ever woivd hy fhe treasure,

Tosi, tho eomaltice wero nfrmed by tho oountytreamaer that
sarge nuaber af nos ind boon paid o tho police utioa af oe of
{ae fomvnhing towun of ceutal New York, tot ular of which had
Been handel rer bin

Tn enothorenouty, the committee seoived the following history of
tin abuse nner sosideration, efor an eatad fo hat county. Sere
fal yeas age trempllon arin tet tho aso of Eeyore hy tks
{recor joo of to pone as lous than Uw amount Jay due
from thom. -Avcordigly, tho ound of spares appointed commit
tev to investigate te mciter, Tho justices wore summened before the
convmitea, ani examined under call by which oxeminniontrppeered
{hat some of the bad fngtton to pay over portion of th He money
Tecnved Uy thc ‘hy were igure to py up hw Enc which they
ted apocopite, roaring buck ts um instances thre ot our Jeary,

nc then, the supervisors have rogured. a aanvelroprt fot the
county clerk stating te nubor of couvitlote Bed andthe nes ler
eoed by eoch ation, whic bung compared wth tn reanarr'sroport
{tne moneys poll (ohn, shows whe en, dadifuay, whet extant
Of ies hare bo Ke back by juntos. Tho rant conroton of
{he bee formerly onining, Ko cs re now Feuincd by jricen

In anette Inge comty, on extmining. Bw recurs of covictione by
jc of the pence ini oaniy eer fie, me dino done
‘ch cote, asthe tw requie, tat shy fine bed on received by
Tejon. That Bnew had on seosved wan soar fen the fc tat
the Comey tanner bed erdited $1,158 fo jstioe on hi coms
‘The belof one expense bythe county offer that at lot tre ines

fat amuse had bron actly vecivalbythowe magic, which
over ound ita way ito tho tan.

Th another soon il he ilowingsingular tory was lated to tha
commits. ‘Amun wh guard wit one of tho doting jeten,

sma aro more coiton than thy sat be, fen, on nguig,
athe had levied several nes withoet eer dling arocord of eonreton
trpayig over ite money tothe county testrer. He compiained ot
litt date nore, ho cimmenoed« proeonion' spine toa
fntce. Oh the win, the court eld thot In car of th Kind there
Sgt io be» eeor and thane no vesord wan produced, oral sino:

‘THE CouNeY PRISONS. 225

ay could not bo admitted. Tho commiites cannot believe thet this ix
_g00d Tas, since it wonld throw open too wide x door for the praetioe of
buses of a vory serioua character. But as the doctrine har been held
bby a cour, some explanstory Ingiulation soot necessary

‘Now ia some coustice, eapeclally thooe in whioh intonation foshacply
prosecatod, these nee amount to a considerable wnm, which is thee
‘wrongfully withheld from the public teasuty. Tes no}, however, the
pecuniary Toss, whatever it may be, which alone or malaly makes the
practice objoetiouable. Nol Iti rethor the injury done to the public
morals, the demorallzation and debanchety of the public conscience, the
fncale and dogeadation of the saajesty of the law, —it is Use things
‘which render it most deplore, ad which eal wloud for legislative
redroas. If the jastices were raqurid to coclfy this wccounta under
‘ath oF affirmation, if the county clerks were roquted to report 10 the
boards of superviaars the namos ofall justin receiving fines and the
amounts severally received by them, if the county treasurers were te-
Guired to report the amouale rooeived and the justices from whom
received, and if auch veports wore published in full In the proveodings
of euid Board, i¢ fa beloved that a grost reform would be effected, that
public morality would be improved, and thnt considerable enlargement
‘would accrue tthe astete i the county treasuries

be iaguiles and examinations made by the committee have sstiefed

‘om that our policemen and coustables are not all angels ot oven santa,
‘Thove ia owel rabber and furger (for he unites both professions)
ow in Clinton prison, or was not mg since, wo, when a large, tale
ned from bis nefarious business $30,000 year; but he had no more at
the endo tho year thant the bogiaaiog. Why? Piss, becaube ha was
obliged to dreas fa. the highest style of fashion, to teavel eoustant-
ly, aud to live at the most exponava hotels; and, secondly and chi,
because Tully $36,000 of hi snoome had to be expended upon the police,
{eis no uncommon thing for policemen to ut dea and counterfeit money,
ito the pockets of drunken ton, and thes areat them, leting the real
foinees and forgers go free for a consideration, A committee of the
board of supervisors for the county of Albany allrm, and it ls so pabs
Tished in the proceedings of the boned, that the eotsiables or policemen
of the villages of West Tray aod Caboes are actually in tho habit of
‘rexting men and inducing thea to drink to intoxication, that they may
frrest them to get the fee cherefar ($3), and that prisouers are sont to
the pontentiary for ten days frou Efteen to Lwenlyve times ina yeas,
Snstead of six months, ns they ought to bo; and, Furterwore, that this
procedure is prompted by a desire to inccease the fs, Not iit police-
‘en alone, but rometines prison-kespers ax well, who eotet Into corrupt
collusion with criminals fora consideration iu money. A cage cams to
the knowledge of the committee of a prisoner who Inuced a keoper by

LAssem, No, 63,] 15 s

226 neront ox

‘te promise of a reward to take him ontside ofthe prion walls, and lt
him eecepe, The man was not retaken fora year and whslf. He was
rover pullshed for bis escape; nor, indeed Ho bad not
broke jai, but was taken ow by one having Tawfsl aathority. What
Togislation nay he necencary, oF what woud bo capable of reaching and
eatoving evils of the kind teferred to inthe. present paragraph, this
ommitice Know not; but shey think ie ght tbtt tho public shold be
Saformed of their existence, and hope that the colletive wisdom of the
Stato nay be able to devise some remedy

‘There have beca imprisoned dusing the year, as witnesses, in the
common jails, iclading the house of detention for witnesses in New
York, 887 pereons, for periods varying from one day to seven months
‘This fprisoament of witousea, whntever may ba anid of Ite necessity,
fa cortalely a very great hardship; ead, if ¢ eannot be obviated by
taking the depositions of the parties at once, then we are clear inthe
conviction that fs the duty of the State to Temunerate the persons so
fletained for the Toss of ime aufored by them daring their confinement,
find to give thom deceut aad comfortable maintenance in apartments
fentirely separated from thoee im which criminals are confined. The
Stato detnins them for her own paeposes, not thers; and i is as derogs-
tory to her honor, as it in contrary to justice, to receive a benefit and
make no retarn for it. They have comsaitted uo crime, but the State
Commits the crine of robbers, by compelling them to lose their tne and
Inaking no compensation for it ‘The Uaited Statge Government puren
2 different poly, usatnach ae it paye a por diem to all persons whom
it detain to testy init boball

Ti the course of Wels hnqaives into the crimlaal condition ofthe aif
ferent conaties of the State the commsttee have observed pych inthe
relations of insonity Wo crime, which, in their judgment, docoreos the
ferlous and profound oonsiderstion of thay who aro called to make, as
{Well as those tho ace called fo acminiatr, laws, We make no apology,
{hereforg, fore somewhat exteced presentation of thie eubject; expe
ally aa itis a suljct in whieh all ongit to foot a genora interest from
inotives of eympathy with thee sarin fellow-ereaveros, and in which,
moreover; al alike ate Hiab to ave, at some tie or other, a persooal
Snterest, aa melancholy ae it i touching.

‘At the tine of our visit tothe jal of Pompkina county, a woman was
confine there ona charge of smu, who sill be defended from the
charge on the plea of ineunity. We wil, therefore, take the history of
{his ease asthe txt of the general remarks, which we propose to sab
ait on the oubject ander considaration.

"The women in quastion polgoued tio of her duogiters with arse
one after soother, and made a serious attempt to poison hor husband
Also; but the dove rag to0 lange, and bo throw it off hi stomach, and
thas cecapod, With the daughters she proooeded more warily.” She

‘THE COUNTY PEIEOXS, 227

gave the frst « very amall dose, and when the characteristic fects
he tent at once forthe ootor, and evinced mach
parent alarm aad anslety. Fladiug a good deal of heat and nance,
the doctor preserTbod cooling and mociloginous drinks. While ads
Tntering those, the mother slipped in emall doses of the arenie into every
Araaght, and dius accomplished hor purpose. The sume course tat
ppareuod ia polsoulog tho cccond daughter, who was represented as a
‘ery inteligont and beautifal gil, gentla and unoffestiog in her man
‘ner, and one of wom any mothor might bo jastly proud, She had pur
chased the arsenic under pretance of deatroying
Ialante inher

Aer ¢faw days, ae retarned and tld hit
that eho hed trod to dieslvo tin cold water, and had failed to elect a
solution, and asked, farther i something cold he added tothe water
to make it dissolve the artenie, ax aca when added to water woald
taake it dissolve ol

‘Those faeln we were tol, are all eapable of judicial proof, and they

‘would acom to indicate 4 coldhlooded, deliberate mnuder, with malice

‘We asked hor what motive she had for thie wholesale alanghter of
her fomily. Sho replied that she did not feel any companction fori;
thot she was crazy, and did not Laow what she wan about, She said
fat no woman bad ever hada bettor lnsband or a better bows thas
the, and that she had lovod her daughters at tenderly ax any mothor
ould love her offspring. She said she could give no aceouat whataver
ot hee motives; sbe was concsious that she had done the deed, bat quite
“unconscious ofthe motives that prompted her to doi

or palae at th tine was slightly move rapid than natural, and moved
swith a somewhat leregslar and jerky feeling under the Singer, Her
ange was slightly coated. She aid thet ae did uot aleep well, that
se often woke wit» war, and tha abo was toued wit igh

‘She was a the period of ifs chang, and hal been wo for abont cight
smontl, On the other hand, her eye had 20 uoauceral appearance, but
‘war calm and intelligent in its aspoet. Sho exhibited no hallecinations
she was shrwwd, Intelligent, and enatious in hee replies 4 our quctions
‘Aud ab the realt of » aroful nnd protracted exawination, we came fo
‘he conslasiow that the was not insane.

‘On prosecuting oar inqnivies outside, we learned a series of facts,
‘which east a somewhat dfereat light spon the matter

‘Sho was the daughter of « christian minister, hed hoon eareflly ed
cated in christian doctrines and practices, bad been a regular attendant
‘on the Sabbath achoal wail abo tecame a young woman, and then had
continaod init an a teacher, She was a ember of the church, wax in

228 Ruroat o

very comfortable circumstances, md maried the ran of her choice in
SIH Tins ana hee hustand wae’ dencon i tho church, ad was kind
Sui vadulgent to or to all eapect, Het children were datifal and
‘Helens nd sed very ef to ako bor bapyy and content, Her
‘itso ous soven mcoths byive ber birt, bad given wumistakabe
Sridencos of meal allenation Te ha ceased to provi for ro ake
Sh istvet In bie fly. His notions were chioged on rligiousexb-
Jeter be wae wld, fighty and incoborent sod, fm various ways, waai-
fEatel au tacound oad. Tus womay, and 2 sistor of bere born afer
Ten were always votced by the neighbors abd fiends of he faily to
be entry diferent from tho chilsen born previoosy to the cb

oe father miad. They were both moody, rasibe,epicous, uncer
{ata in ee tempor, prone to bese safc, mado farfously angry by the
Bttetteidon an restored to good humor by equal tries. -ANet her
Talerity esounenced, aod eapecatiy when het children grew large
Snough to suurest a wil of thelr own, abe Iocame mgovernaty exited
wri leant epmptom of oppouiton to her wil, ani punished the se
erly for tho elightont font. T thie faher purchased tye o lotsa
Tor Bom, me wuld become enraged, ond mould tke the articles owoy
Soa destey tom, Won ber daaghtere Toft homo oa joarsey ct &
‘iy abe wold cxpreee she fendiah wish hat they might ve thet
Talis smashed on the rallrad, or thas sone other tersble fate might
Tefal them, Hor eruelty st engi became so persian, that one ofthe
Gaoghters was compelled 10 leave home, and take up her residence
eernes

‘Now, th question wast be stile by a jury whother this woman bed
recelveda taunted fiat of te Sanity wich manifested iol fa
er fuer peor to her bit, and wae thes rendered ory irvesponse
be, or whatber che shall be depeved ofthe benott of te plen mul com
domed to denth as coreapt aod « will murderer

"Too pat wb equieeloglativ attention thie Theis nothing
fn te law Tate practi of the oor a gad the Judgment of Jurca
in cases of thir character.

"Tow setCemeot of the omentows question of the contioud lie or the
igwomivione death of & wean, @ Wife mother, and the member of &
‘Efotian soley, i aud to depend” on a detain thot ie harly Bttet
Ahan the drawing ofa lttry

‘Submit te above stated facts o one jory and they wil without bes
tation, pronounce her gully, bie note jury wil with ax lite best
tation, peotounco let got guilty ou the ground of iomanity. "The one
Cilmiructed ig tbe cule tins od ohare evelopment of inant,
ud gested only by the apparent covlness, forethought and deliberation,
‘wih which the murdcr wae eee, would decide pon the question ot
Fully and ber poevious aulilty ad Il tmpon 0 fa fom bel 1
{Bem prot of hereditary inst, wold only conde them the eo

uz covitny vithove, oat)

os that er Heat wae ntinscally ad, that hor’ mral” nati bad
‘depraved, nad that death waa Dut the just penalty of er

transgression

"The othor Jory, inarwotad Inthe Hidden powar and wayward foaks of
facanity, would sbuvcve the sate absence of motive for tho mardor,
‘They would consider that her exhibitions of tomper were unprovoked by
tip external ocearreace. ‘They. would fake {nto the account the difer:
hve of character between the ehildyen born before the father’ inskoity|
Sed those bor aftor i They would neg the cimatu that these
tvidencee of ll tempor maniieted thersiven frm the era, acd. bo:
fore vsti and olaervation wore able to modify the conduct, They
‘would remtor the alaoatfonumerable cases open recad, where men
Imad een cnndemed ta death, who were afterwards proved, with indw
Uilable clearness, to hava hoon doeane. ‘hey would. cll to rfnd tho
ans of the negro who murderat the Va Ne
swho was eo hervcaly and parelsttty defended by Go
Jury, twill be coelleted, were empanneled to pans upon the question
‘fis wanity, and withosthoritation they pronounced bim ane. Another
josy,enpanneled to pass upon the qwertion of ie guilt, had no aoruple
in pronouncing im wuts. Pending an arsumest on atest of judge

eat the negro diedy and, on & poatnortam examination, a large masa

‘After this the malltade who had’ thisted foe his

vincte had not Bor gratia
‘end the eo juries that had pastod. span his eaos learned. farful les
‘oa on the falbbiley of bam jodgmeat,

Tue lar, a expounded Uy evurte for the guidance of jones, eapost-

ng the rosponsiiy oF

msanily, a singularly waciat,contsadictory, and unsatesclor.

ur example, Lord Brekine aid dowa the law on the subiority of
Lord Coke as falls: “fo proteat a man from criminal rexponsibiey,
‘hore mest bea total prvation of memory and uederstandnge”

Ta 1135, Mr. Justice Tracy ataced the law for ascortaaiog tho rsp:
sibiliy ofthe fnsnnd no follows Ie rust bo & man Wat fe totally dy
prved of hi wndoretanding and his memory and doth not ow what ho

doing, o more than an infant, than a beate, ora wild boast; ech ax
‘ue in sever the object of uname.”

“Wa alal be fell Uorus out By oFory’ man whi'wae over oBleltl ea!
ected with leoatic. eylin or who han, in any bee’ way, wo
quired « practical aoquaintanch with insanity, i= saying, thie suoh
{etson was never brought before « court of justice, and never wil bo,
Ail the end of thas. Tasaniey doe not thie acl; emer cde a "total
Drlvition of memoty and wadertanding?

‘Sie Vieary Gibbs, Atorney Goncral of Ragland la 16{0‘ited the law

230 Epon ox

of the casein the following terme: “Iasay thie opon the anthority of
the fret sagea inthis country, and npox the antborty of tho establinbod
law in all snes, which low bine never beon questioned, that, althoagh 8

Mansfeld ia. charge to a jo
apecies of insanity, ia which the pation faneve tbe existence of Injuey,
land seoks a opportunity of gratifying revenge by some howto act. IE
fruch a person fe capable, in ether expects, of distinguishing right From
terong, there is no excase for any act of atrocity, which be may” commit
‘under thie description of derangement.”

"At the teqventof'a menbir of this commits, the late Ds. Brigham,
‘of the State Asylam st Utcn, examined every patient in the asylom
‘vith reference to the application of this test of Lord Mansfeld, and he
‘Siaared bien that there was not a single mea or woman in the sxylom,
‘who ibe oF abe committed a homicidal act, could be nave from exec
Hon under auch a ruling. Tt wholly overlook the material fet, well
Iknown to all who have stadied the subject, that the vagaries af insanity
do not atine from inability to distingviah between right snd wrong, Dat
from erroncone applications of right principles to particular cases,
‘The recorded charges of the judges of the State of New York, under
laslar circumstances, vary flo cco in their principlon and fa thelr
‘Statement of thelaw appliablototnsanity, The greatmajorty, however,
while dilering inthe terms of theie atstement, adopt the exoeedingly
fertoncout docitive of Lord Mansfield as the besia of their judgment,
febilo another avd » smaller class have discarded ite errors and witigat-
fel ite ferocity, Of thin class, Judge Edmonds is by far the ablest
[Hie charge tthe jury in the famous cate of Klein, red atthe New
York ayer and terminct in 1840, is ous of the mort humane, wid most
{ally iboed with a knowlodge of the various paren of ineanity, that
dbas evar emanated from the bench; yet in that charge, he acknowledges
Iie inability olay down accurate rales, by which the Jory tay clearly
istingnieh between responsibility and inrenpoustiliey.
following maxims as the est appevximation to th
able to diacover: "If the accused lave not fnteligence sod capacity
{enough to have a criminal intent and purpose, and if his moval of intel-
Tectual powers ste either so deficient that he haa not auicient wil, em
science or contrlling ental power, or if, through the overruling. vio-
Tence of mencal diseag, hie intellectual power fa for th time obliterat-
fe, be is not a vespousible moral agent, and is not punishable or erm
sal sete!”

"Not long after thie charge, Judge Harris gave one in the celebrated
cate of Mrs, Robioson, of Troy, popularly known a the “yelled mat-
ddesera,” which war quite opposite in its character, aid agresing aub-
stantislly with the doctrioe of Lord Manabe

‘HE COUNTY PRION, 231

Xen vty orion that bth of hn sti dg nl nthe
right in their etstoment of the law, nd ja the relee whlch they laid
‘down forthe guideace ofthe jury. fone of ‘tham gave sound ln, the
‘other gave unsound law. I'he fory docided righteously ander the én
ruling, they mst have decided unrighteovsly under tho other, How
‘errible iv the thought of an unrighteous aud ercousous Judgaent ia a
‘quenton of Ti and deatht

"Tho wisest, the noblest, the purest ana the most earned mea of the Tana.
‘are as liable to attacks of Insanity; aud, wader auch avast, to comalt
‘homicidal act, atthe poorest, the meaaest, and. the moat ignorant of
ten. Ia it nota fescfal thought that estimable otizens should be #vb-
Jected thas 10 the chances of a felowe death, and that thei failiee
“sboald thereby be mubjected to ignominy and disgrace, without any clear
fd well dese rele, ty which the gail or fanocence of the partins can
be determined? I heman life to be anapended pon the caprice of =
Jdge and a jary, who are ignorant of son of teclementary principles
belonging to the ease voter ten

Few persons are aware of the extreme subtlety of that wonderful
organ which we cal the mind. Pow know how eaally ome of ls facal-
ties are disscranged, while othera are in a perfectly normal condition
"There fsa man now living in Cortland county, who ia a quit, reason
ble being under ordinary circumstances, Ii mode of dving bosiness
0d bis intercouroe with society woald not be remarked by any
Aitront from those of his noighbors; yot ho is made perfectly insane

1d Frantic whenever pig squeuls. Anoter, 4ano eaough at other
tinea, Is crazed by looking through bluo glass. And anothor ail, whose
‘ge fe nlnutly detailed by De, Nichols, of the Government arylum at
‘Washington, ia asane on the abject of women's shoes,

Rabells, who waa teied for murder st Litebiield, Conn, and aoquitted
‘on the ground of insanity, war chicly excited to madness by some
fue treading on he toce, and even by lookiag at oF commenting on hie
fet

at enoagh. Tho books are fll of similar eatoss bat, uafortunatals
‘these hooks are such na seldom fall ia the way of judges or fries an
they therefore fail to awaken public attention, or to gaide the action of
Tegistators

‘We have hitherto spoken exclusively of the relations of inssnity to
te crime of murder. We are bound to state asthe salt of our exam
nations of prisoners during the present year, at well as in preceding
_yeats, and of the researches of other inquirers who havo recorded thelr
‘plniuns, that insanity, though less suspected, operntes as extensively
Jn othue departments ofcrimo, aa it dooe in the ease of murder. We
Ihave mot with persona ander confinement for the erite of arson wh,
‘hough can on all other abject, ase atterly iosane upon this; they
Ihave the wall known mental disease, called technieally," pyrocnania”

282 eront ox ‘THE COUSTY PRISONS. 238

Other insene persons exhibit their mental alienation i the epocil form
of backbiting and slander. Agen, monomania often shows Ive in der
fhbing religions movtings. Many n. polio offoer laa his own private ageaean "EP a na tO
Canes to tll of respectable persone of both aexee, who are placed ender Sovhdacmras /us'aee fone Rae” Prince,
Iie surveilance om acconnt of Ueiefrveaatibe propensity to pilfer, bt z 7
‘whore saved frm the courts by thei fiend, who at once pay forthe
stolen property. Doubtless, some of the poover clasaes are subject to ——~__|4|* |e
{the sate amcantrolable impulse, who have no friends to pag for their & Baal ea 3
‘Geis, and who are therefore committed to jail on the charge of petit: eeue: a
peda Betas (ec
"Fact lke those detailed whore would seem to show that on exitminal eeots:
ews ought to undergo a revision inorder to make them conformable £9 3
the dundee reson and justion. On the one band, socioty most bo c
protected from che deprodatiane of tho iosane, bnt, om the other, ix
entitled to nothing further thie protection; it may not fnfct
land shane for acts whick are porformod without the intelligent volition
ofthe actor
‘It appoers to the committee shat a commission compored of our abest

TABLE 1.—Census of Prisoners in the County Jaile for 1863,

ject and the principlee thereto appertaining, and with devising. somo
ale, hich would enable jorice to Jecide on criminal cases involving
tho ‘question of Sosanity with tome spproach to nolformity. They
shoald, moreover, be reqited to suggest such provi
Iikely te protect society egniost danger {rom those persons ah
Isuowa to be the subjects of insane impatses, The rale devise and the
provisions sogyertad, approving themselves to wise men, shoold then
bo enacted into law, and made obligatory on all offcere, judicial or om
otherwie, on whom it should dopeud to soe them carved into eect. ie
VL. Sractncat Tasca, 5

At this point will tly como fn the seriou of eles, whieh were boty
Aegevibed in the beginning of ont report, aud which have beeu so often
referred tain Sta progross, Thoy will be found to possess, the commit
tee belive, no lita of interest and value tp all who doaize to study the
riojnality of ove State, the condition and working of ow aystem of
‘common jal, the sources of rimay, and the adaiuistration of criminal
jastoe ion commonwealth,

okt Beno Zen! wunnw

Stientel

tT oes
al

TUE cousTY Pnisoxt

ucung a Susnoys,

‘THE COURRY PRIEORS,

‘Tm count PaIsoxs.

‘THR COUNTY PRIEON®.
oy

:
>
5

neroan ox

‘mB COUNTY PRISONS.

‘mug COUNTY PHIsons.
oil at the time of inspection

TABLE 6, Showing the educational relations of the prisoners in

i

TABLE,

>
E
§
4
i
i

iuedeinge dc de stadia guecrassnessedl Sov aadm =[2 |

smu codikry PRisoss,
TABLE 98,
Showing the mumber of times the prisoners in jail ot the time of
aspection had been committ

L
3

Reront’ ox

tivity, industrial relation
Sail at the time of inspe

‘THe couNTY PaIsoNs.

254

REPORT ox
TABLE 11,

Showing the population of the Stote in 1860 and the area in acre

[TRE COUNTY PRISONS.

iodo iaazacess
| RaeaSBaRE SES TONASARS,

Rannananaggnancnaanannen:

TABLE 13,

Exhibiting the statistics of the Hquor traffe for 1868,

fe batt

{HE COUNTY PRIEONE,

TABLE 15,

259

Exhibiting the statstice of the churches according o census of 1850.

Ug! SEESSEE RE SEREERGERSESEEZESEEE:

EE

SEEERESES:

260 nrroxr ox

TABLE 16—Rekiiting the sletisicsof insanity ondidioeyercord.
fn tothe exneus of 1850.

skraze.

SEUEERentte

oe

sores.

z

262 nvonT o€ ‘THE COUNT PRISONS,

| Baena~cegeezgenes: eqhegaspansseenagea* 9 cps]

|| 2s mets poe pie,
Paiste

‘REPORT Ox

Tis je

266 ‘EroRT o¥

‘Tho report on county jail, az announced by tho eommittce atthe out
et, waa to cousist of two parts; the one general, covering what fs
‘common to al, and the other epecial, being devoted toa detail of what
is poculiag to each, We now come to the second, oF
SPEGIAL DIVISION.

Both the labor of the committee and the patience of the reader will,
bo, in no slight dngrer relieved Sn thn department of the repor? by the
intercents and dotaile pronentod inthe preceding divin, Everything
smay bo omitted hero relating to tbe couse of prisoners; tho commit:
rents; the espenses of te alla; the socal, educational, moral, reli
Glows, and lndastil relation of the inmates; tele nadiily, ages, and
amber of ties committeds the steps taken for the formation of Toeal
committees; the sonrees of erime; and the admiaiteation of eximinal
Justice. All thee polnts are suffelectly elucidated, either in the text
‘or the tables embraced inand conatitaing the frst or general division of
the report, and each may be readily ascertained by referring tothe ape
propriate table or section. Thie wil enablo ue greatly to compresa and
horton our statements relative to individual jails, and will save the
tine and relieve the patience ofthe reader, a2 well ae abridge the labor
of the commit Ia presenting our report, wo shall not purnuo the
‘hronelogical ordain Which the jaile wore visited, but adopt, es more
convenient for veference, the alphabetical arrangemement of the cou
ties

1, Aumisr Coury.

Siructore and Condition of the Building af Attany—heae renin the
same as doscribad in tho last report, except that the stable mentioned
theewin se only three feet frou the juil wall and windows lag been 2
moved, which greatly improves tha light, sir, comfort and security of
tho prison. ‘The ventilation, However, js wretched, The odor of the
bight tabs te dissgreesbly perceptible in the cells at all times; and
‘when, a is sometimes the ease, threo men ate locked ap in ene af these
‘ramped apartimenta, te atench in the morning i horrible

The dail Buildnge of Coho end Wet Troy—That at Cohoes is of
biog, built ja 1865. It is 18 feet by 30, and haw three cells 4 by 10
feat, with « eight of 8 feet. The eclls are merely eribs made of jist,
with epaces of about three inchen between them. ‘There fa jail ofles
{neon aod a large cormmon room inthe rea. ‘The West Tray jail a
also n brick structure, erected in 1860, and is 24 foot by 96, Fe baa
teres cells, which ate but cribs like thone of Cohoes, 6 feet square aad
feet high, "There ere, besides, two large cells, each 1A fet square
thas a aloes ofce in front, ad large common room, or hall, the
rear, where both sexes ler together indieviminatey

‘Security —There have been no excapes from the Albany jail since the
present shovif has been iu oflces Lut for this the eouuty is indebted to

sna COUNTY PRISONS. 267

the vgitspoe ofthe jalor, ond notto tho necerity ofthe building, The
eco iaturoe windowa ore protected by only a siogle grating of eft
REE ck could be cally out nan bouts and the exterior wall could
Weibar throogd in Uwe Bours, Oring Uo the fair with which tia
Melinte ected, Ue eight eclls adjoining the north wall wore not weed
Seu the present year This orth wal snow protected by bole ion,
Wile prewly increase ita security. "There nreopeuings ithe jallor’s
hes trough which the prison enn bo inpected fom Ue outlet aay
eresnslter day ov night anda watcinen romaine all night in tho
Demon eis tls fot, Sn connection with tho fully of inspection
cIrtek y the peep bees, which nates the natboriis to keep their
Sonora With te wally f the jail 1p the absooce of these sores
PP ceeuigyan expert burglar would experience few mar botacles thin
cep ies he would Gnd in w common barn. ‘The jail himself wood
Terma mace secure if'= gested hemisphere wero inetd in te eae
ance dour eo tat be could. command a fall view on either side
{elore openiag it and leo ithe door weee provided with suse

Ma patna broke dough th Goboee jal dusig th past yea, both
cf vlog wove retaken, They cut throogh ta ceiling of tho fall into a
Gone todge room adjoining, and Int Wemsclves dowa to de ground
Ty tin eteropute, There is wotking nto construction ofthis al
UZiue ae Wess Bey, torestree any prieoner who devired to excape

Euplnynent=—‘The plaoucre have uo regular employment, bt they do
{og cleaning ad other eberes about the jl

“sor of ucctul Culture Thor is vo library belonging t0 the
Jail,acr aro the prisouere ever faruiebed sith books or paper, No
aerate intvctin of any ibd sever imparted to thew

‘Sane of etgious Cultures Auerican Messengers, sent by the
“Association, ave received the Albany joi and disribute, the sherit
fait ta Uuspeinovers;bataoue ofthe prisoner who were interngxied by
had ever stan any ofthe, and the coplai informed ws thst he ba
Sever ssun a cngle copy in the jul. ‘Tho jail at AIbony has been nope
ied wih e ible for cach cll, bat we found only 0 copioe atthe
Time of our visit, which were iach worn snd molilted, We saw no
Bible in th jails thr a Cahoon or West Troy. The Rev. Jobo Miles
Ser an appeiatneat by the board aupersnis, bods tie potion af
aplain tthe Albany Tel Hle preaches to the tale prsouors, every
Sabbath moralg, in tho coridor 0 the prison bat cannot asso the
‘Wome fir want of rita accomoodation

requendy, between the Inet prayer andthe benediction, Mr. Milee
puis come questions tothe peionere, Por instance, ata stevie which
Seoured during tho progress of out examination, he said to them:
"Boys be hoaest; haw many of You ever attended Sunday School?”
‘Twelve raved tele handa stienetivly, the whole number prewent being

268 eronr ox

toronty-ive. He thon sald: "Be honest again ; how many uf you have
never drunk rum" ut two raed their hands, one a. young lad, the
‘ther a moan. The man aftermards said that be replied taly to the
‘question inthe form in which it was put, He had never drunk rum,
Dat was fa the constant habit of ueig whiskey, Next he asked: “How
mary of you have boon church members?” Four responded aime
tively; two of thom wept, ‘The prison poprtlation is very Ructuating
About bworthieds of the andience are ew every Sabbath. The court of
‘apecial sessions is held every Tacaay, wen thoge who are imprisoned
for minor uffnses are daposed of fa some. way, eo that they do nok
return to jal again, being either baited, decharged, or sent to the Per.
itensiars." In consequence of those frequent change, the resulta of the
spirtoal tabora of the chaplain eannot reulily lo traced. He, however,
says hut he is often hatled hy men in the streets, who come up to Him
and thank his for the good advice he has given them, and express tho
hope that they will behave better ia future, and never got back lato jal
again. The general behavior of the prisoners during. aorvice ia quiet
and respectfal; bot sometimes a man will whistle or fy to interrupt
by talking or other noise, ‘This, however, dovs not fen happen, and
Jn againat the public fecting in the ji Most of the prisoner eppear
to enjoy the religious service. ‘Thote ie uo religious instruction of any
Kind given a the jai in Cohogs or Woat Troy. ‘These are no laymen fa
Albany, who are in the habit of viitiog the jail to abd or supplement
‘the Inbors of the chaplain. If @ fow pious Indies could be dnduced to
visit tho women evotined in the jail every Sunday, such govd might be
cote

‘The Prison Distary.—The prisoners are allowed but two meals day,
vie, breakfast at half past Tollock, and dinner at. 12 olock, which
tre always eaten while Jocked up in their cella, ‘The breakfast conssta
Of brea and rye coffee; the dinner of brend aud fiesh meat mado into

we population ef tho Jall changes a0 rapidly that. no evt fect

of this diet is obsorvod, but the few who remain for longet periods
‘must, wo think, sutferdoring the long interval betwee 12 at noon and
half pass 1 in the moeaing, and especially for want of vegetables, which

2 nover given horo, A tegwlar pris diet should not be levy tha
1b. of bread, J Yb, af meat, and 11h, of vegetables, which should be
‘aried with salt Gch occasionally and a change of vegetablen, ‘The det
of this jail would be improved by « supper of mash and molasses at 8
clock. Some ofthese changes were rogicered to Use shel. who waa
aot unwilling to make them, bat aid that the county had never pro-
vided any convenience for cookery, aud that the weekly allowaoe for
‘board as a0 small that he could hardly save bimnoel

Sunilary Condition —Tho healthof the prisoners was good at the dats
of inspection. Bat one death had oveared ducing the year, which
‘caused by delirium tremens, and took place within aa boat after the

‘ne county Pntsoxs. 269

prisoner entned the Sail ‘Thin fightfal malady avd tho several Forms
Ur venereal diaeas ao slont th only serous llmente, which preva
{rte jl and both o tooeo sre very cittmon, ‘There ae occtslonal
Sineesce of tbo digetive orgaoe, but they ero infrequent, light, aod
ied ouiy to toate.

7 Geanines.—An abundaat supply of water
“any jal feos the city water works fr dain

‘ho tubo throgh which the contents of the night tabe

pips for washing tbe person, and a bose for cleansing the foor.. The
Prioners, however, are Tet exticly to thle own option about washing 5
| they ace not laclined to do 2 thove J no compalsion. Soap befor:
ished; bus selther towels no tazora ate provided, nor_are thoes. any
spnliancer for bathing. The night tabs oro emptio daily, and the inte-
Hor of the Jal it Kept tn an adwicably clean eoadition. ‘The prisoners
[generally romaia so short a time fn the jal hat their clothes are nat
fwasbed all. "Those who have frianda outside, and who rein for any
Tengtl of tine, have Wee clothes washed Ly them others have theit
clothes washed in the jal, but at fregutar intervals, ‘The bed clothes,
Iwbich consist only of Mlankets, were reported to us as washed
rreckly, Prisoners can have other bed clothe, if they or their friende
Facnish thera, Siuilar statemeuts may be made respecting the jall wt
West Truy aad Cohioes, excepe that there the prisoner clothes are necer
vwashed, fn place of being rarely washod as at Albauy. Neither of the
Irinor jl e kept inns elean a stato aa the prinefpal one of the county.

‘Lighting —Ta neither of the alle ¢ hore ang deGeteney of sunlight ix
‘the daytime; and all are furaished with gas, which ie kept burning
throughoat the might at Albany and West Troy, but at Cobves oaly
whet 8 tiuid woman of boy fa coutlaed thore aoae

Heating. —THe Aloany jail is heated by two luge coal stoves; tho
‘other to by ono each, shich the comatter wosld judge to bo insu:
floient to keep the isomers warm in very cold weather.

Discipline.—No povishments of any kind ace ever inicted at Cohoes,
ooking inthe els and chaining ate reestted to at Albany and West
"Teoy for refractory prisouers; the liter inode of pasishment being sek
dom employed, 26 the former i, in most cases, fond seliciont

‘Sudden Tinesa—A watchinass remains in the jail daving the aight at
Albany. At West Troy, the tarakey sleops ina roo separated from
the jail only by & wooden grating, At Coboes, the tarekey, when be
Teadges atthe jai, ean hase the eall of any prisoner needing his aid but
hie does not always leap there, and whonever he doea 201, thera lt uo
ove who is within sound of the priaonevs who eould bring relief in case
Aman was taken euddenly Ml,” Aman might die before help could be
obtained

270 aeronr oy

Separation of the Sevea —The goxes ato perfectly separated at the Al.
‘bang jail; bnt ab Cohoes and West Troy they ate mixed together indie.
criuinately, without any pretense of separation. This ia #o obvicns an
impeopriss, and 20 disgraceful to the coutty, that no comment is
sequire,

Ciasuiteaion of the Prisonert—At Albany, debtors are confined ia a
separate room; im other respects there i ao eassientionatderpted, soe
fotld any be made with the present srehitctaral aranigemonta, In tho
‘thor jue thoro ie not the shadow of eluesiication,

Jasarity Pour casos of ineana vagrants hove boon cent to the AL
any jail daving the year, which were transferred to the eouty insane
auylain. One insane person sas lodged in te jall for eato Keeping, who
trie in ike manner transferred +o the couniy asylum. One ot West
‘Troy, algo committed for sate keeping, was transferred to the aaylom at
Braitiebors, Ve. No onaoe of insanity have ariacn within the ju

General Remarls—It ie the opinion of thia committee tint the jail
syatem of Abany is susceptible of gent improvement. Te can haedly
Denecessary thet thare should be two jails i cho and the same town,
12 a now the ease in the town of Watervliet, the villages of Weet Troy
fand Cotes being im cary eommacicetion By way of the horse railroad,
fon which the onre ran every bal? boat. One wubtantal Jai in ether
pluso would be eafilent forthe necessities of both. ‘The existing jail
fre both inadequate for the safe confimement of prisoners, Neither of
theta ia under the coutrol of the seri, ‘The Keepers are appointed. by
fhe teaateos of the respective villages, and not hy the sherf. Ta point
of fact, th jailor ace to have litle renponeibility to aaybudy. These
jails ate eatablianed ander a special set, and it sccm to the committer
Hat the wisest thing the Legislative could do wonld be either to aanal
(he aaid Taw, or to coact very materi anendasnts,

‘Tho jails quite inadeyaace to the purposes for which i was intended
‘The accommodations for the jail are altogether iuruicent,comseting
‘nly of two stall rooms, and one dark bednoom; and these vo situated
relatively to the prisoners’ ward, that his funily eannot avoid hearing
touch foul and disgusting conversation. ‘The prison teal? ix such too
coatractal in Its dimensions for the proper confinement of prisoners;
for i it well situated, The ciiraus of albany owe it to thouselver ¢2
provide a new and improved jail with ax litle delay aa possible. We
‘re further of the opiaion Una a deputy jalor is neooreary for the proper
‘are and safe keeping of th prisoner cote ia Ui fll

2. Annesane Cooney.

‘Thain a halEahire county, having s cour-house aad jail at Angelica
sand Philipeille, "There ia 4 new jail atthe Intter place, bat uo prisos
frm are ever kept in it, Why this ie 20, this committer were waable to
Teara

‘HD COUNTY PRIEOE. oa

Primm Building —Brected in 1860, Its of wood, two stores bigh,
‘The gall are of oak tbe, ined with plank, and sre 98 aches
ihicknesk, ‘The for fa of alid timber. ‘There sre six cells Inthe Tower
story, each four feet by seven, and niue fect high. Ta tho second story
there ave ureells of somewhat largerdiwansions, The bodsteads areat
‘wand, with straw bedand helt mattrase, The doors the calla aro fast
ued by padlocks, The yard Is suerouadod by a fonce 1 foot high

‘Scuriy_"There have been no eeeapes daring the past year, bat they
have boo fequent im timea past, by entting through the wall, Tho
padlocks may also be very easily picked,

“Buaplnymen.—The prisoners have none whatever, and ia the absence
of i, they amuse themlvea by playing cards

Tuellecrut Cuilure—Toere fe uo Tibrary tho pelaon. Tho jailoe
smother, who seemed kivdly disposed, an willing to exort boreal for the
fomfort and reformation of th prisoners hes frequently Toaned thou ber
wn bouts, bat they have oftea been returned to hor fu a marred and
fiafizored condition. ‘Phe couaty papera are suppliod to the Fomates
by the sheri No scoular instruction ia impartod to thom,

etigious Jesruction —The minister of the Presbyterian hurek haa

retofore spplied the prison with Bibles ; but hae now gone owe
fad his successor Naa not got aawumned tho Tabor. Little or nothing, be-
oud providing Bibles, ates to have been done Tor the religious inatruc-
‘on and improvement of the prisoners.

‘Die Privin Distary —Theee nonls a dayin wummer. Breakfast, wheat
bread nd buiter, and pea coe. Dinner, meat and potatoes, with bread
fed butter. Supper, mash and milk. In winter the third meal i«

The health of the prisoners was good at the date
Ue prison is healthy. “Theve is a total

‘want of ventilation, In 1866, several cnses of typhoid fovar were de-

eloped within the jai, when it aid not prevail outside. No death o¢-

‘curved during the year, sad only one cate of deliviom tremens, Several

‘caaes of reueven! dinsase were treated, whieh

Any ashe, ‘There is an oveasional case of digordered bowela; but, on

the whole, the prison ie very heallhy, the prisoners being, iti and, ia

2 beltoysinie of bealth when diachtrged then they are when commited,

Cirentineas Water for
sn pall,

‘The clothes of
the prisoners ave washed once a weok, tho bedding once a frtuight, tho
Hicks and quilts once a year. The cells aro not whitewashed as often a8
they should be. Bed-buge abousd the cracks botween the planks afford:
Ing them « secure hasbor.

“Lighting —Rhore ave thtoe outside windows fa each corvidor, six feat
Dy two fest, Kerosene lamps ate kept barcing until nine celock, PAL

272 auront o

eaing-—Toore 00 fone ton th pice, an oe wool ate Ia
Sheine Locking hw calli the ony petaaent wed 20
Fedde ro gee hemor sare coatiguous tothe pron,
“Saari e eSees~Teycanat eet ter, but sn sonvene
 Gaafetinof ProersNono i stomp

3, Brox: Coury.

Prison Bung —Frocted tn 858-slone straotare—vory exbstan
Ua.” Besides the Jal proper, tharo a= fond abd coneenent Bowne or

a
‘Bach gel i ta
ell whee analy peace ea

ecurty —Thisprieon im, on tho wil, very secure. These have
boon no ercape tia yon, nr hare ther. Bean ay hector, except
from the carelesanest of the tarakey. The or ad exlng are of ery
renry figing ebnce, ‘The ell doer ae each factoned wil song
‘elt eacored by a padlock, ad Inala te colle reall fastened by
toll sot from tke aaa an the Sing Sing plan, The gratings of the
fxterin wiodowe are of hick east rom ab very all. -Buch side cor
‘ior aw a nlconggrtin door, and the wn corrior bas tw, the inner
fone bing grated ion seouted by theo padick, the oat of bole
fom venred Uy « bl aad ove padlock. Ono atom bas bea side 10
‘renal Ue fat yea. Te prsnners crowded aro the jor when
Ie went t ke p fur the aight, and deew cayeuse popper Sno bie
fyen bul they didnot flly succoed in Mining. him, ats be wat
Sed with od anda rovlrer, he fel snocteded i fatening tesa

‘rio sviiy, and ite all tho eats pabulum wit wie they ae pee
ied

Zaligioas Instruction The coantyagppliee& Bible to each cll end
une of them ave ever ean ibe olen or torn,” There fe 20 preach

{mS COUNTY PRIBOxs, 27a

ing. Benevolont individuals have called tee during the your and
The Diary —Breskfant: read and botiar, with meat and potatoes,
Sapper: bread and tutor with Sho ade

Indian pulling, IF the princes

ihe vencest and dei
emene: ‘There bave bon m0 death a the pracy for Gre rote. "Toe
Brin fre tat Boar on ay ha 8
0, whisk Ie not eeally prevalent outa, Pe
nee goerlly gue eck and come ot na better condition of Benth
‘han they went in Tho f no vecllaton in Che ella tho yard our

ine same toe the ordare
‘Tho confined aie of che yard,

‘ravl of relight and the Absence of entation in the cll, would
Thnbssienatanco teortialy adver ta eal; Hat to Tact

nth jal ol ac ines a
inflated with vrata they ar horoghy waned; but afer

sto allowed to wash or ast, an they plons. The saci! provides wo,
bis own expennn, but not combs. The onony fecishes towel

fave each ates. ‘The pegoner? personal clothing ie washed once 4
tresk; alto, this scis nad pillow. cuore; thir lent, once in four
Keep them ence. :

eoveredih very hick oat ro gratings, which ease the ih sd
{he oreo are wrepped in arta trlight oven at moony
prisoners ean hadlyzead inthe ells No light never allowed tight
‘dh dja.
“eating Bac covidr ie farniged with con etove, aad thors ie
core in us ofthe tree ros deste to ees,
re eed, No corel man

ome cll un
‘ommuicat with Bn
{case any of tho men ar taken sick, Whanerer this haa cveucred,
romp role has alway been add.
[mer No, 62.1 1s

ore nroxt o¥

‘Separation of the Soven—Thies proaorved hore most admirably. ‘The
celle foe the women are inthe jails house; beneo they can never see,
tr costmusicate with the male priconere, im aay way. ‘The eels in the
female ward arg clean ad in excellent onder.

‘Clazeation When tale witnesses are committe, thoy are Kept in
fone of the rooms appropriated tothe women, thoagh entecly separated
from thom. Sentenced men are conned in one corridor, and those mn
ftied in tho other; but this classficstion is quite inaulient; the hard
feued odender is still in contast with the neopiyte in evime, and tho
poison is thus commanieated without bindrance from the one to the othe.

Trsenily,—An naan roldiera deserter from the army, was committed
6 this jail during the year. He tll remains in 8 state of mental alien
ation, but has been removed from the prison

4. Carrananaes Coury.

Prison Building Erected i 1898, It feof stone, but much ditapé
ated, snd needs to be replaced with a new ono, Tt 40 feet squat,
txclesive of the jallors rexidence, which ie im front. Thore are eight
tela; one, rafeet by eight; the others,
oven feet equate and eight fot high, rte are of, four
{ches thio, with an jon grating fa the upper ball. They ate fastened
with heavy bots, eneated by padlocks. There ie a window opening on
the outs fa each eal, twa feet by one ana half, doublo grated, The
corridor i thictyaiz fect long by seven wide.

‘very ponderous, But prionere have repeatedly dug, out under the
foundation, ‘The windows in their elle make it easy for them to pro-
re any kind of tools frum confederates outeide, and the soft iron
_Eratinge can bo easly ont by any old Jail bird. No eseapes hare oocur+

fed during the past year.
se privoners ee wood for the jal, and cloan and

‘Means of Ittlecual Outre —‘Thero is no brary. One weokly paper
fn handed tothe priconors by the sheri®’ after he has done with it, No
secalarinstraction je imparted,

“Meens of Religions Culture "here is one Datch bible ia the prison,
but nous in English. There is uo preaching, and no individual ert foe
the welfare of te prisoners

‘Prison Dislary.—Breakthat, pork ot beet, and potntoes, white bread,
Dbattor and eofoo; dinner, same aa bresktast; supper, bread and mill
In winter, only two meals ¢ day are given

‘Sanitary Condition.—The bealth of the prisoners was good atthe date
ofinspection, The jail ive, il-constrocted for voniletion and cleanli-
hess, and aliast mpossibl to keep eloaa; yet i ie eaid by the prisoners

{HE COUNTY PRION. 275

and jailor tobe free from vermin. ‘Typhoid fover formerly was rife fa
{tis jul, which evidently arose from the vault; but glace that has been
[louied and repaired, there hus boon no retwra of it, There has been no
‘oes of aliriam tremens here forwovoral yours. The veuoreal disease
every common; indeed, the physician ways be ix rary called to treat

‘Cleanliness his all haa « dirty look, ond such jo its dilapidated
condition that it cannot well be, kept otherwise. A new jail fs groally
Seted. Water io cnrcied into thie jal fa pails, and the prisoners are
required to wash daily. No soup, ot combs, or azare are. provided for
the prisoners, bat they are supplied with coarse towela. No means for
batting, The prisouers’ clothes and bedling are washed once m week

“righting One window in the corridor sa one in esch cell. One
tain fa Rept boraing in the prison uot nine oelack P.M,

“Heating Tue preon ix warmed by one wood stove

‘Discipline ooking fn the vells and shackles on te logs are the ooky
ponishments infleted, No moral means used,

‘Sudden Mines a ight-—Tho jails room is contiguous to the jail
sud le can roaily hoar any alarm nt night

‘Separation of the Sexes~—The sexes cannot goo each other, but can
converse together fea.

‘Clacrfeation.~-None whatever

5. Carman Cour.

Priv Building —Thin wos flly described in the last report, and no
llaratons have teen made since.

“Enployment=—Theprinoners new woo! forth Jolt anddo the white
swash; besten ile they have no employment,

“eons of Inlotal Cuture-—There tw library of bout Sty vol
unos belonging tothe Jal th gift of one of the churebea of Aubuen
‘To books are of a miacollanote character, but the religious eleroot,
tis moc, predominates They are loaned to rach prisoners a Gato
foreai them. Coniderable ure i tone of to iary. General, fait
tare may beaut De taken ofthe books laued, The abe fa the
Habe of lending bis newspapers to the prisogere, “No scalar natrcton

‘eon of Ralipias Instron —Bho jal ia sapped with Bible, bat
-whother by the county o te benevolence of indiideas he cormiter
id not oar. There ta cally « religous servion in the jal on Sabe
‘at morning, conducted by the sfudent. of tho theologies) seminary
‘ho venerable Jamon 8 Seymout, prerdent of the. Axburn Bask, bas
‘ean for many yours the Babi ut visting the prison every Sabha,
A aering 10 roma te pan strate thn natn
site have been Tea frequen flats, owing to the Snreasing finn
“age, Tho cowmitiee sunnet oo etongly coment ite noble example
‘of Taburous seledouil in'a cameo which, however inportat ha fr

REDORT ox

attractions; nor oan they with too great earmostnesa nnge wpon othess,
{2 whom God may give the opportunity, che exhortation to " go and do
kewieo.”

‘The Prison Dilary.—Two meals day are farnished tothe prisoners
Breakfact vovally consiate of moat (for the most part walt), potatoes,
wheat or com brosd, and pen coffe, awactencd with molaeses sad fla.
‘yored with milk. Suppor is al 8 P.M, and consita of froeh meat and
potatuct of baked Deana, with broad a tum, Beet eoup is usually
formed twice a Wook, mado wich eabbage, onions, and othor vegott
bes. About once a week, the sevond ment fe mile nd wall, of mush,
and melaeses, if preferred. The prison fare fe abwndant and 00

‘Senitary Condivion—The health ofthe prisonet waa good atthe time
of inspection. Few diseases originate in the jal. Tromens and ven
real are the most common, No death occurred last year

Ventittion and Cleantiness-—There is no ventilation except through
the windows. Water for drinking is carried into te all in tin bucket,
tan water fow washing ix Kept fh ® easke over a sink, The éask has @
faucet, and the prisoncrs can wash whionever they please. ley ave
quired to wash every morning, Bar soop, combs, and towels are pro
‘ided for the prisoners; but there ie no bath Geb nor aoa foe washing
{he entire person. A razor te provided for then, with which they ahawe
themselves once 8 wack, oF oftencr if they desitey alan shears, fr hair.
fentting. Their wierolotes ave washed woes

Lighting nd Heating —An shudance of sanlight enters throngh the
‘windows in the daytime; bos no light, except in ease of wickness i
“usually allowed the prisoners night.” Sometimes it in permitted in
the women's warl; espocially as an occasional rowan far good be-
havior.

Tan prison Te heatod by coal stoves, exeept the debtor's ward, where
wood is used, We were told that it i» mado. comfortable in the coldest
eather

Discipline —Sheriff Mead treats the prisoners kindly, and reasons with
isa Coonotta Kin, baie prcecdlng to slgrucr saqaccs, Mew, Mead.
fakes much interest in Uie female prigonces, often tall to them, and
seeks, by Kindgoss and friendly advie, o draw them toa better life.

‘Separation of the Saree—Thg female war is drwety over that of he
males; but the entrance to the former te not through the latter, "The
separation bore fs more completo than is vsual in onr jails, Nevortho-
Tess, the women lust winter buent @hele shrough the Sor, and pasted
note down 10 the men, The hole was goon disourered and closed wp.

‘Caasficiton —Thers in nove, other than that of the wees,

Tnsenity,—Thore was Dut One Tosane person committed 40 the jal Test
year, This wan a man eupposed, at the time of his atest, to be dra
‘Wheo found to be insane, he was sent to the aay at Utica,

Sudden Ines of Nighi—Tho tarakey's lodging room ia ao near tO

{THE COUNRY PaISONS. 207

the colls that rap on the wall can be readily heard by him. A prisoner,
teken eickin the night hae no diculty a making it known,

‘Seourity of the Joi—In this respect, it ie about up to the arezage of
prisons of ila class. No oscapes have beon effected daring the pant
‘year, except by a deserter from the army. He aocompliched bis eotape
ity means of a saw faraished him Ly hia wife. He was aot retaken,
Other ationpts wore made, but wore thwarted. by the vigilance and
energy ofthe shor and his turakey.

6. Gravravgua Couxrr.

Prieon Building —Brocted in 1896, It's of brick, 80 fect Uy 60. The
Jullos residence ifn the front part of the building, ‘The jl us bwalve
“tone colle, eight below and four above,

‘Seourty.—No escapes during the last year. Former escapes have
boon aoconplished by digging throvgh the Boor. This jail fsa wacom
only secnre one, A strong iron tae, in the form of an ordinary tun =
nel is inserted theough the wall of the jilu’s hows, which commande
‘perfect viow of euoh corridor, so thatthe jallor ean vee the premises
fad every movement that they make without being teen himaelf. ‘The
tube also callots the sound, so that by applying the ear tot the con
‘eration of prisoners, even whe earried om in a low lune, ean be die
actly heard. ‘This avanement, introduce into al f the. alle of the
Stato, wowld add greatly to their secu.

Employment —Tho pzlsonera earned ticty dollars last yeas by work:
Jing on the road, They aaw the oad, and clean and whilewsat the jal,
[No regalar employe,

Inclsctual Calture—There in no library in the prison. Newspapers
‘ro given them, which are end with much interest. No scealarinsttace
tion is impart

Baligives Culture —The prisons are supplied with Bibles, Formerly
they were moch inclined to rantilate them, but lately the jilor has at
feted to the mattar and prevented it, ‘There iy a0 preaching, and no
{ndivideal efforts are put forth for tele roligions improvement.

Prison Disiary.—Puoakfast: Mest, potatoes, bead and. gravy ; din
ner: the same, with the addition of other regotables, and on Sundays
ork and beaas j supper bead and cake

Sonitary Gondiion.—Tho jai bea un uty and heeldhy exposure ; bat
‘the colls are so deficient im ventilation that a prisoner osanot be confined
{in thom for twenty-four house conscoitively without getting: Boade
cho, ‘The atrsngements for emptying the night tube are excellent, and
2o ofr from them is perceptible. One person died in the prison dating
the year of delirium teemons, His death happened goon alter bis come
nittal. Venereal diseases aro tho mote comisn complaints

Geantiness—Wates for drinking ls enered into the jail in pile. Theee
Js» pomp in the coreidor, which brings ia an abundant supply for wash

REPORT ON

fing and cleaning. There ia sink with tabs and wash basins, giving
tample convenienoce for washing. "Tho addition of bathing tub woold
ablation complete, Soap, combs, towels and
iguners shave themselves, oF
‘one shaves another. "he prisoners’ clothes ate washed once a week, 2a
fre also their shects and pillow casos, ‘The other bedding in washed
‘once io thece mouths, "The jal i Kept as clean as it well can bo undor
cexietiog circumstances ; Dui a change in ite arrangoments would allow
{t-0 be kept cleaner with leas labor than is now bestowed upon it,
‘There are no bed-bugs down stairs, but there are some in the wpper prison.
tis believed to be tree from other vermin.

Lighting —Bach corridor ie ligited with three windows, aecured by a.
single iron grating. ‘The prisoners are not allowed lights at night.

“Heating. By 1870 wood stoves in the lower prison, and two in the
vpper.

‘Disciptine—The punislments are locking in cells and half rations,

there re but few jals in the State where privation of food is asod as @
means of prieon discipline. We would recommend all jailors to adopt
‘this ae well os privation of bedding. Bach jall ought also to have a well
ventilated dark cel, fn whieh to confine refractory prisanere, No morel
means are used to promote good discipline

‘Sudden ness af night —The jailor sleeps within sound of the priaow
‘ere, and ean bo easily aroused i thoy are sick,

‘Separatn of the Sezee—They cannot see each oer, but can converse
together without hindrance, Te is a ced mistake im our jails that the
fnolation of the axes ie not: complete.

Classification —The sentenced persons are opt upon one ide of the
{all and the wnsentenced om the other, Debtors sud witnesses are kept
‘ap stairs, Bot this is quite insuficient. One boy af eleven years old
‘wes confined with old and hardoued offenders, who would be sure to eradi=
cate any germs of guod, which might exist in his sind,

Teneral Remaria—The Board uf Supervisors of Chantanque county
appear fo ake a greater iatcrest in heir jal than mast of thetebrethean

{other counties. Thes appoint & committee annually 1o make » thor:
‘ough juspection of, The committee appointed by the last board speak
of iin the following terms +

“The Committes appointed to visit aud examine the jail and the

varies apartments, report
"That they have’ discharged the duty assigned them, and that they

stds the Gomforta and health of ite inmates, am well as many improve:

Safeguards

to proventfertber eacapes, and thatthe dpeorementa ade soem to be
of thorough abd important character.

"Your etmmiti mould fartuer stat, that sho prisoners seom bepey

nd healthy and. well eared for, by being provided with tho confor of

clean bed, aud good, healthy, hearty fol, which your committee cate

‘THE COUNTY PRISONS. 279

beans ator in wich bare coctged a ees

‘ded to thom. Now. 10, 2808."

‘We think the committeo speak rather more strongly than the facts
will warrant respecting the excellence ofthe ventilation, and the eecu-
ity of the jal, An interior eot of ebilled iron bara for the windows, and
hoary stone flagging for the Moore would stilt increase the atreagth of
it. In othee respecte we concur ia Meir commendations,

7. Cimnuexa Couxry.

Einplapment of Prisonert—Thoy bavo no employment except aawing
wood forte proon and wiitewashing sud conning te By reshee
Uf the Board of Sapervsos ll pYisoners sented for over 90 daye
fr sent tn the Penitentiary at Rochester, where thay aro wept at ard
inter

Mean of InetestalChdtre There is no brary inthe prison, The
‘bert take three dolly paper, which he gives t te prionere fle
ie bas dove wit ten, ‘Wo secela atucton in impart,

Means of Reigioe Cnture-—Tharo aro threo Bilas in th prison.
‘Tero have lawn none, bat the prizoncre atendeateay them, when they
‘can do 40 without being Sincorerd. Mt. Troman Pecett, a Baptist
Tapman, has preached tothe priser daring the year votil witha the
ant thes monthe, when hix Belt fale, is wervcce mero generally
short, consisting ringing, «short penor, the reading of portan of
Scrip and s pln familar exposition of tho same. ‘The portion Sa
tolected with reference to the enforoepont of the practical dune of
dally Tif” Mock gmod haw hoon fisted hy hs labors among them
‘The Bapit miniter of tho place, whose nawe we regret to ad. that
swe have omitted to recor, wie the jal occasionally, conveees wth
Xe prisoners and supplies them wi rats, No otler persons Wisi
the jail with reronee to the apiiaal interest of the inmate.

Prion Dietary Two meals. Brosfest: Frosh meat ce salt por,
bread vogetables and cafes. Sapper: Mash ad milk, or tel and
soolaaienSficiont rations are gives inthe moring fr breast and
{or Inch we noon

Senitry Condition —Tho jot physician informed as that daiviom
‘eo ath oneal ae the mot prevalent dene.” On a of
aennles occured here daring the past Jos, bot tdi nt opreadan
further. Like at other ji this very defclent in ventation, Thove
ras disngresable odor nie of cour, but there was lve of thin than

‘most jes on account ofthe great cleanliness Which preva

280 REPORT On

[No deaths have occurred during the pst year, nor any diseases, except
occasional instances of bowel complaints, whe have yielded readily
to treatment. The privoners ate uniformly in better Gondition whea
they aro discharged tham when they are committed

‘leantinss.—The jail ie a niodel one In thie eapect. The floor, the
walle, and the peracna of the prisoners ara very clean,
trala are al wiiomrached thrice  yoar, and the calle aboat onoe in two
onthe, ‘This work io performed ly the prisoners readily and choerfaly,
‘There it a hydiant within the jai, from whieh an wnatited supply
water is obtained. Tecan be heated readily when hot water is wanted.
‘The prisoners are thoronghly Washi eum lead 10 foot inthe presence
of the jllor when fst admitted, and if they are enbeequently found to
ogleet their ablutions, they are compelled to perform them. Soap,
combs, and erasl towele, are provided Sn abouanco by the eunnty.
‘There aro no conveniences for buthing- Rewors aro furnished, and tho
prisoners eitor shave thomaelves or oue another, ‘The prisoner’ clothes
fate washed ones a week; thelr blankets onee a foribight aud thelr
bed ticks theo tives & year

Lighting and Heating The coridora are Highted by four windows,
tio on cach side. Tho inmuatos aro allowed ono candle in each eal,
Until # o'clock P.M, ‘There ave also eroscue lamps fa the eorvidor,
‘The prison is bested by one large coal stove

‘Dincipline:—No punishments are ialieted bere, A willing obodonce
is generally rendered to the roles, which i fact aro famed in the inte
rest of the prisunore aod notin the spiet of arbitrary restraint

‘Sudden Ives at Hight—~The jaitorsteeps within beating ofthe pris
covers, ad eam be easly aroused by any noe inthe call

‘Scparation of the Seres—Thin ie perfect. ‘hey ean neither see nor
‘converse with each other, ‘The female ward isin the honse oceupied by
‘ho jllor, and not i the prison proper:

‘Gassfoatin There ia none j all re herded together.

usanity.~There have hoen three insane prisoners inthis jait daring
the past year, One of them was sent to the Stato Lanatic Aaylom, and
the other two to thelr howe. Thay were in an unsound wate of tind
At the time of thelr commitment

Prison BuildingowIt was erected in 1851; i of stone} and
a 40 Ret Tonge snd 80 feet wide, There je a enridor 12 fect wide
‘There are 8 celle, each 9 feet aquate, atranged im two tovs (4 in each},
hich are entinely surrounded by passage ways. The walle are 2) fet
in thickness, and they are lined with Boiler (roa for twelve feet shove
the oor. There ie a privy inthe rear passage connected with m Bue
land the prisoners are Sornished ia addition with wight tbe in tte cella
‘The dofects of the jal aro—tat. Thero are no proper openings through
which an inspection of the jail can be had wwithont being seen by the
Prtonera. 24. The locks ‘axe insecare, or at Teast they may all be

{TUE COUNTY PRISONS. 281

picked or bocken by an expert burglar, 34. Theagh the extetior wis
Eows oro double grated, both sets of grates are of waft en. One of
them (Abe inner) should Be of chilled irmn, 4th. 1 fe very descent in
‘enttetion. bth, Commenicasion ean ba too easily had with the outside,
Yithout tho Koowledge of the jallor There te reason to believe that
‘ards, ice, and liquor are thus eimugted into tho jail without the jail
‘Ove kwowledge, th, Tes quito too call Pity porsoae are sometimes
rowed into ten cols, than which nothing ean be move domoring,

"The female prison consists of two wom exch 18 feet aque, in the
part of the prison occupied Uy the Jallor. Liko the male prison, it 6
Eept in very neat otder ; but lke too, thee iw reuaon to elieve that
Tighor i sometimes sts Sn foan wi

‘Seourity.—This prison may be classed among the moat secure in the
Stato yet several points of weakness have been alladed to above. Tk
in entered by « dark ally. Should « prisoner, by seane of false keys,
evtting, or otlorwies, ebtain nooiae to i, the jilor might be blinded
by eapoune popper,” oF stifled by cblorofuem, or keoeked down with
club, or stabbed with 4 kuife, whoa belug aware of the prisoner's
presence, Prisons shoud be #0 canatrocted that a jallor can alway eee
All wo arw on either side of the door before he entore it; tnt this ean
fot be done hee, ‘hey should bo so constructed thatthe prisoners eam,
bie seen at al times by the jailor withont ‘being. vieblo himselts yet it
i imponeile to exercise euch anperviaion of this jail, ‘The expendituse
of two hundred dollare would make st complete in all theve respect,
find it is to bo hoped that the Board of Supervisore will convert what
fe now nourly a fest ela fall into one which is completely oo. There
Jas beca ono escape during tho past your. A prisoner was takon oat
to shako-« carpet, and while the tarukey's beck was turned be abe
sconded,

8. Chexaxco Comer,

Friaon Building —OF atone, erected in 1884, This jal, as to ite
arrangemonts and vocurity, was described ia last year's report, aad is
the same now as then.

‘Employment—None, except some litle work ebout the jal

‘Beans of Inelltul Cature-—No Vibeary.  Shevif loans papers, and
ccousionally books, No secular instruction ie given.

Retgions Insruction-~Bach ward has a Bible, provided by the county.
No preaching. No individ

the Lori's day to converse with tho prisoners. "The American Messen
sere recelved and diteibuted among ho inmates

Dietary Treo meals, Breakfast: meat, wbeat bread, potatoes and
Doane, with coffee or tea; dinner: tho same, except the coffe; suppe
mosh and mile,

eccDigrsbev he lem ae wll ona ese ou sy de

282 uroRT OX

Soniary Contiion.—The Roath of tho prisoners is wsvally good.
Physician ot called more than onco or twice your, No death for the
last three yoarh

‘Geanlness Water Wrought into the jal Jo pails; supply abundant
‘rom well and cistern, ‘Thu only conveniences for washing re tin wash
Dasing, with pails for segeiving wlops, There iano bath tubs but pris
toners brought fn vety dingy are taken into tho basement of the cont
Fhonse ed made to wash themselves thoroughly. Soap, combs and
wets ate proved hy the county alsa razor. The prisoners clothes,
sheets aud pillow eases are washed wooklys thoie comfortable and beds
Ucka twice e your, ‘Tho beds are filled with fresh etraw twice yently.

Lighting —Vory pouty lighted, thoro being three heavy gratings i
‘each of the two windows, No light sre Turuiohed the prisoners at
bighs, bot Uey are perinited to provide themeelvas with light, which
many of them do,

“Heating By three wood etores,

Diwiplne-No pucishonte be bon into dung the ncambere
fey of the present sherif.. None have been Zound necessary. Mor
ean have proved rullient.

“Sudden Zincen at High sherif sleeps so mess the ells a2 readily
to host soy onusual noise made in them

‘Scpuretion ofthe Seror—Not very effectual. ‘Tho wen and women in
the upper ward can converse freely sith each other through the door,

“Dneznily=-One insane prisoaer was admitted last year, bat was gent
to the agpla at Utica.

8. Clastow Couxrs.

Tho imperfection of arrangements, insecurity, darkness, dampnest,
L-venilaion and other defects of thir prion were set forth in Tast
year's report, and the committee is obliged tie year to report no ime
Drovement ov the contrary, matters would seem to have grown worse
Bylapte of time. Although a room is provide for feralen In the second
ory. where they oan be eectually Isolated from tho melas, the com
Initio was eorprised to find Sn onc of the cells imumediately connected
‘ith and opening into the male ball, a garralove, noisy end semisllote
droman, between whom and the men the ouly separation was an ordioary
[Freted window, permitting tmresrieted communication by tongue aud
feye-, The only exonse given for the deteution of the woman in this
place, was the dificulty of restraining her violeneo in the apartment
ovoted to females abore.

Tits general condition the ail presents very unsightly appearance,
‘the building being ia wrotehed onde, with lazge crovices inthe fay
of the for, and having sltogethor a very gloomy aspect. ‘Tho hall of
the ground foor is thirty-three by nive fet, and ia inculbciooty lighted
by a window at each end.

{TUE COUNTY PRIEONE, 288

At night half a candle ie allowed to each call to be extinguished af
nine ocock, “There i no Hbrary attached tothe prison, but the "Mea
engee” is regaarly suppliod, and nccastonally other papers. Last year
feclar and refigios instruction was aupplied by o clergyian, Rev. Me
rll but this ie now sbuadoned for some unexplained cause. "There io
not a Bible inthe prison,

"The present jal and conet house wore erected in 1896, and are said to
Ihave cost about $8,000, The shoei” wocms felyewara of the evils and
Aidiettive attendant upon the viious arrangements of the prison, and
‘ieposed todo all hin power to Keep things fa order and faa cleanly
‘condition, but the state of tho wale, oor, &, renders neosly all eforte
fate

"Tho resident committee of the Astociation aro folly cognirant of the
Aefects and inconve the
Supervisors shall aasuave the responsibility of x ew and impruved edi
fie, o which end they expressed a detormination to labor assiduoualy,

‘Being a border county, it tecsives large aceessions of vicious people
of both sexes frots the Canadas, and besides, there appears tobe mitch

‘cininals to punisbinent,« cramatanoe which tes bosaning to aronee
fhe neston of the community, aa shown by articles in the dally
paper

"The subsistence of the prisoners een to cot three dlls & week
‘here ia no aalaiel phyiean connected withthe jall, the actaal bill
for imetisine and medical atlendance coveting all expenses of his
Sutactr, Asin soany other jail, the law flatng to eeiminnl reoorda
ts totaly unobmerved, One piiwoner encaped dating the your through
the wood sted

10, Couempia Covey.

Prison Building Be jit was erected in 1830. I eof atone, tho
front wall sing fucod with tarble. ‘The calls are of brick, and snr
rounded on all sides witha coerdoe, ‘Tho jll measures 84 fect by 42
{Ret and inlodee a residence fur the alls Te han twelve cele, 7 feet
by dTeet and 7 fect high inthe main pris. Those are three ters of
cella, but the lower tie ie ol ted oh ecoant of damppaces Ine
tion to thee, there are two cell on the south part the prison, 13 fet
Dy 10 fet, wed for famate pinners. "A parc ofthe este has recently
‘een partitioned of, which i also used forthe oofnement of women
‘There isa largo, stcong ronm in the cond story, which cen be wocd
when desirable ws a boeptal,

Sccwrity-—There hare been no exeapes from this prison davng the
year, and tha the fest yen of iy History, in'which escapes have wot
‘bon efeied, “Attempts have en sade the past sean, But they wore
Prevented by the vigilance of tho sberi, not! by the aecunty of the
Duilding. “Escapes from this prison have generally been made by die

284 Eons ox

zing through the wall, which may be done at any tne in two hore
‘The expenditore of fly dollars, the amouae generally afore forthe r
‘ain of eeraped pelachere, would adil very. gevatly to the faiitiea of
inapection. “The entrance’ door ig s0 sitvated that the peimoners can
really conceal theroselves in the immediate vieinty of and they might
easily kill the jailor, while hi back interned in the act of locking the
‘Soor behind im, "A tslf frtening arrangement. attached {0 the door
would obviate that diftcalty, and woold not cost over thirty dallas,
But the sipervisors owe i 9 themselves and the pecple they represent
to build a new jail, which in point of size and. security, aball be om
meneurate with the wants of the eotnty. Thoce are, as we have seen,
only ton available cally in the jail, while there ate, apon an average,
ssrenty prisons.

“Employment.‘Tve mule prisoners clean and whitewash the Jel, and
‘he women sonietines werk in the Kitchen, and sometimew mend the
prisiner! clothes. When they work, they have an allowance of tobaers,
Which they prise very highly. When sentenced to be confined at baod
Tabor, they are sont to the Albany peaitentiary, under an arrangement
with ibe boat of supervisor ofthat count

Merns of Tullectual Culture—Thore is m0 Wbrary belonging to the
prison, but the serif supplies the inmates ith books and papers fom
bis own ntores, Hie tentimony, unlike that of vost jllor, ie that the
prisoners tale good eave of the naka. They prufey Harper's tagazine
to anything else that is given them, No secular instenetion fa imparted.

Means of Religions Cnltere-—There in ene Bible jn the main prise,
fend one in each of the other soins, There i no preaching, ed woarcely
‘any individual lft forthe improvement of the prisoner.

Mie Prison Didary—Thiee teuls nay. Beeaklagts wash sna rll
or bresd and milk. Dioner: beef avd vegetables three times a week,
Dork and beans twice « week, and fish twice a week, "Supper: same aa
breakfact. In winter only two meals a day ace gives, Uut if any pri
fonor ia hungsy ia the evening, he ix supplied with food on asking
fur i

‘Bonilary Condition—Thete ts a great want of tentiation fn the cell
0 much a0 tbat awn eansot be locked up in them for any length of time
swidhont producing headache and sickness. The lower Hier I too dam,
bt nowrttholons the health of the prisoners ie good. Ono man, who has
boon confined more than @ year waiting ‘eel, seemed in at goo eal
fas when ke went in. These have been uo denthn daring the past you
fand wo disoasen have originated within the prison. The prineipa? di:
‘eases are ronercst, delta tremens, and complaints srsing froth pre

i in tho jall, which ie ened from the
roof, and fariahes an abundant supply of Water for the watercloset ead
for washing. Tho water-cowet bas no unpleasant odor, snd the jail was

‘THE COUNTY PRISONS. 285

clonn and well whitewashed, ‘There ate covered night tubs in esch cell,
ape are sequined to wash Wersclves, iat there Ia no comprlaton on the
ron, Soap, combs, towels and razors ate provided by the connty.
"There are ms provisions for bathing. ‘Tho prigonove shave themeelres,

fr one shaves another.."The priaosere’ clothes aro washed once m week,
Ghd thete bedding as often as ie roquited, without adhering to auy res
lar ule. Sheets and pillow cases are only allowed incase of sickness
‘There nce no Dedateade of any Kina, the beds being placed o0 the foot,
‘This practice haw obtained in consequence of crowded state of
the ja tho number of prlzoners generally exceaing the number of ell
‘The rinaty ought to build a new jall with a suficient nomber of celle
foruahed with swinging irom bedsteade. Pillow eases ought to be sup
plied as 4 soeastre of esonomy and eleauliness

Lighting ‘There are eight Inege front windows ta tho corsidor, and
tivo amallce ones in the eid. The Tight fs ample. The jail fe lighted
ith Sapa inthe mews prison in winter until eight oPeloes P.M. Te is
rot lighted in uromer, The. women aro allowed a light in their ward
‘ntl eight oe, both ix summer and winter

isoiline Mio yen ar locked in thee ella at eight oPelock P.M.
fand unlocked at woven AL. When reenctory, they are sometimes de-
prited of fied, or alae in the dark cells, o jeoned. But ese panishmente
{re infictod, as they seldom manifest disposition to be wnealy. No
tpecial moral means ate weed to prewerve order.

"Insanily-One tah was commited dacing the past year for an assault
sind battery with Sntent to Kill, le insanity was perfectly manifest,
fi he was geut tothe State lunatic as

‘Sudan Hines at Night-—The heaper sleeps where he can be easy
awakened,

‘Sparation ofthe Serex-—Thie fa perfectly scoured ; they can nelther
foe nor hese euch other

‘Ctassifetion,—here inoue whatever, exoopt that tho Sexes are sep-
troted, and the want of i was palaally apparent daring this vii
veell a i former ones

11, Conran Couey.

Prism Buding.—Frectel fn 1800, Ten of granite, 30 Fost aqure,
hare ar ton ese in tho lowor story, eight fost hy four and hall, and
oven anda lf hgh ; and six in te oper tory, loos fect aguare

‘Seurily—Pieepraoers escaped las yenr,ouly two of wom were
rolaken. The five broks jll a two companies; But all ofacted thee
cacape in the same way, by sawing of tho osliodrieal Dara which
Scored the wiodows, “the lower windows have singe eon strongtie
td by adng cat iron grating nearly to inches thik

“Bmployment of Prisoers--None whatever of aay Kind.

esa of Zttectea Ontare~ There a no Worary belonging t0 the

286 RaPoRT OX

prison, and no secular instruction ix given tothe prisoners, ‘he abe
Towever, gives then hie papers, and occasionally lends them backs,

“Baligioas Instruction There. are bat two Bibles in the Jail, ove for
cach stors. The Amesiean Messenger,” sent through the Association,
fs rocalved aud read with Interost.‘There Is n0 proschiog, and no ry
tomatic efforts for the religions welfare uf the prisoners; Ut visite are
‘ocanionally made by sinistors and others, td tracts distributed,

‘The Privon Disary.—Ureaktost: ment, potatoes and wheat breed,
with water for driak. Dioner ;aaine as breakfeat, with the addition,
Fometimes, of other vegetables, Sopper: bread and butter, with occa
slonally, pia, baked apples ot cake

‘Sunilary Condition—The health of the prison x geverally geod 0
death forthe last three years, No regular physician o the jail i om
ployed, but diferent physics are called in, acording, to the wis
he pelaonere

Water Introduced into the ja by pails ; well wator
14 clatorn water for washing. As the prisan ia of solid
blocks of granite, it has never been whitewashed. Tt is awept daily,
fand scrubbed when neccassry. Tt hat a clean and tidy appearance
‘The conveniences for washing ute & bench with Un wash-basin,
loners are requited t» wan their hands and faon every morning.
combs, toeelx and Inoking glasses ate provide.
Ing, and shoars for air cutting. "Thezo are uo means for bathing.
prisoners! clothes, abeots and pillow-cuses ace washed ouee a fortaght,
‘Tho comfortubles and beds are aid In Uhe sun soveral ses inthe yout
och straw is put in whon neooasay

‘Lightsny-—Tho lower story ie dark and gloomy ; the upper story wal
fclently light. In winter the praoaers fn the lower story are allowed &
candle wall 7 eelock. ‘Those fa the apper story have one candle for
three nights, aud can divide the uso of i a they please,

‘Haeling.—One opal store ta ach corridor Uelow, and one for euch
room above,

Diacipina ~The only punishment employe i locking wp inthe ells.
Moral means are, for the most part, fogad sufficient for the gaverninent
‘of the prisoners.

‘Suaden Inet af Night—The sheriff slesps neat enoagh to hear any
‘unasoal noise made by the prisoners in thei calls

‘Sparation of the Secea—They are wo! sosepurated as to prevent their
{aking with ove another. The peisos hall ie aavod by thom alternately

12, Drawann Coury,

Prison Building —Tho jal ix » wooden structure, 26 feet long by
17 wide, immediately i the rear of the jilo’s residence. Te has $40
‘stores, ia each of which are two cells, 11 hy 13 feet, and § feet igh
‘Tho cola ar of oak plank, lied with sect iran,

‘mmr coosTY PaIsoxs. 28T

Scourty—There have been no eseapos from this jail during. tho
present year, but in former yeara they have been frequent, The doore
fave been genecally food opan by bars, which wore fyenished to the
prisoners from the ovtside, This can bo dono at any time, as the wine
{ows of the cells pen into @ yar, which can be euslly entered by oom
ederates without the knowiedge of tho jailor. Tho gratingw of the
full windows, which are only single, aro of eoft iron, whieh ean be
Seay sawed Ta fact, several of the bare are already wawed. across,
Sha are in vory weak couition, ~ ‘Pho oell duors are fastened. by a d=
gone! iron baz, closed by s common padlock, which ean be picked oF
Troken with perfeeteuse, ‘Tho gratiugs of the windows of the eoeri-
Alor are very wetk and ill seeared. The Boor of one of the coll is of
fag stone; ofthe other, of plank. ‘The jal lors almost no impediment
to the eseape of an expert all breaker

Bnnptoyment of Prisonere,—None whatever ; aot even so much as
‘loaning the jal

Thtellctuat Cultwre—There in no brary fo the prison. ‘The shertt
lends his own books to those who desice 1 read; aud when Toane, they
Ihave never been inated. He also lots them have the newspapers that
ba takes after he ie doue with thom. No secular inteaction ia given,

“Raigious Culture—DBiblen aro supplied for each cell by the County
Bible Soclety, The American Messenger is reosived und read. There
fs nevor any preaching, nor any individual ort for the voligions or
‘oral improvement of the prisoners.

‘Prinon Dietary. The pooner are fe from the sherfa own table,
‘hove ia uo rogolar bil of fare, "Tho prisonors did not complain of th
living, but admitted that it was abundant.

‘Suntary Condition. —Therw have eon no deaths fa the peieon ding:
‘te past yar, and with the exception of one oie of venereal diacaso
‘and one of delirium treme, there have ben no caaea of sickness. Tho
lower ecla are damp, ad the air in them la very offensive. There ore
so bedsteade inthe prison ; all ie prisoners sleep on the Boot.

leanlivess—"The prison is uot clean, aot whitewashed, The pelo
ces might bo elvantogeously employed ia doing this work, Water is
cazro into the jail i pails theo times a dey, abd tbe aight tube aro
‘emptied daily. “The prisoners are supplied with ta basins, coarse tow~
fg razors, soap aud combaj bat there ix ao bathing’ tub for cleaning
{he whol person, The prisoners’ clothes are washed once a weck, and
‘ove of theie ahecta fe washed weekly. ‘The blankets are reported
washed ae often ae neoesaary

Lightg—Tuoro is one window in each call, M inches by 4 foot &
Inches, secured by a single icon grating. There is a window at cach
fend of the upper eoerdor, and doors at each end of the lower ane. Tho
Drisoners age aot allowed any light at wight

‘Heating Thre ia faruace inthe lower past of the building, from

288 REPORT OX

‘which hot aria distributed tothe cella, but thie doos not make tho lower
Celis es comfortable ae they ought to bein eold weather.
ine—The only puninhments resorted Wo ate chaining to the

‘oor anit privation of food. ‘Those punishments bave only been resorted
to once in this pour

Budden Hines a Night—the keeper sleope oontiguows to the prison,
and ean easly hear any onll from the ai.

"Siparclion of the Sezss—They oan tale togotbor, vut cannot 868 each
other.

Trsanily.—Theve was one person committed fr an assualt with Intent
to il, who was found to be insane at the time, and fa now in
daylam,

13, Deromess Cousry.

Enployment—No employment forthe men, except cleaning the prison,
‘The women are employed in cooking and washing.

‘Means of Intelleal Calturo-—No libsary ; wo education ; no books
‘or papers supplied, except such av the prisoners purchase themselves

Moana of Hligious Culture-—Pach call was foraahed. with a Bible,
bot the prisoners soon desteaged them, Those desiring to vood it are
always supplied. The “American Messengers.” supplied by the Priaon
‘Association, aw received and road with interest.” Some ninisters of the
Suclety of Friends have preached in the jail occasionally, and Me. Ber-
Kine, a Baptist leymao, sometimes supplies thou with tracts, aud eon:
versoe with thom.

ue Prison Dietary—Becakfuat: Wheat read, meat and potatos

Any that are buagry at night are foraiahed with

‘The only borerage in water. "Tho meat ix either pore oF beef

One fish dinner in the week would be a change for the beter, and must
1 alzo be an improvement.

‘Sanitary Condition.—The prion is airy and well ventilated when there
fs wind blowing, but in exlm weather the ventilation is very defuien.
‘There ate five large ventilating cuwls upon the top of the building, and
ventilators four inches by eight are inserted hn each eall.‘The ete le
ry, an the calls aro larger than usual. No doaths havo occurred
daring the year, nor have any discasee originated within the prison.
Venereat diseagcs are by far the mast common. A few cases of dlirua
tremens have occurred, and some injuries reesized| before committal
have boon treated. "The doctor had aot been ealled upon Wo Weat any
‘ave for three miontha previous to the date of inspection,

‘Cleantiness-—The prison was neat and io good condition throoghout
Good water is procared in wbundance by a pump within the jall, ond
every needed convenience for washing is provided, except bathing tubs.
‘The prisoners are supplied wilh soap, comba and coarse towels, and also
swith razors wheu necessary. Aud when they neglect to Keep clean,

sug COUNTY PRIEORS, 289

‘they are compelled to wash themselves, The bedsteada are objection
ble, being of wood and wery low; they should be replaced by irom awing
Dedateads. ‘The womea have seats and pillow eases; the ten, Hothing
Det Diankets. Aupply of pillow cases and slcets would secure greater
‘losuliness sud be more eeonomieal. ‘The prisoners’ clothes are washed
‘once a week, and the ticks and blankets wiee ® yeat. The jail is free
fromm seri

Tighting.—There 1 & window opposite each coll, and cheve ate four
windows In the traneverge coreidor, making 88 windows fn all, No
Tights allowed in the evening:

“Heating This is effcled by ample steam vadiatore ia the oovvidor,
which warm the air effectually during-the coldest days in winter

Discipline —The worst carta are put ie the dark cell, ht thin rarely
eecorary. Noch hss lwen confined there daring the year.
sin the ordinary cella ie gonevally found suicient for the purpose
serving order. No special moral means of disciplio f= employed.

‘Sudden [nese at Night.—The jailor sleeps contiguous to the prieon
nd easily hours soy toi; he can therefire give inmedinte relief ia
‘ae of tikes

‘Seperation of the Sexéa—There i an open, grated floor between the
ren and women, which enables them to ee and hear each other as eally
fs tongh they Tere in the xame room. This ie the groatest blemish to
the jnily  eoarce of coeruption which should be at once removed, espe-
tially a2 here are other rooms, which are eatitey iolated that might be
‘ed forthe parpoe.

“Insanily.—Theo losane persons hacv been putin here for gfe koopingg
over night, but tere have boon no insane erimfuals comaitted daring
the soar

‘Prison Buslding.—Thia wos fully dosevibed in the last two veports
both in rexpect to strvctare and sectrity inoges have taken place
since, and it i bardly worth sthile to repeat what bas been already 89
amply *eported,

1A, Bats Covxzy.

Por thei veport on the jail o the committes will singly
appond a prosentation of sud jail made by tho grand jury in Deserber,
186. ‘Thoy concur in the opinions exproseed by the grand inquest, and
‘earnestly socand thelr suggestions

“The grand jury snmmioued and sworn ata courtof ayer and tovminee
Dold in ad for the eonty of Eri, on the fret Monday of Deoeber, ia
the year 1863, prosent the following facts relative tothe condition of the
Fric county jail, and wrigu upon tho board of State pricow inspectors and
the supervisors of said county auch action op thels part ax may be pro
per aud necessary in the prince:

[Assom, No, 62.) 19

290 sugront ox

“We find wat the building te entively ineuffolent fa slze to answer
its intended lect

“se contains but thirty-eight: serviceable cells, Te hae five aml
‘oie in the female department, ed four rooms for debtors

Ie appents fron the aetimony of the ail Phat the average nnmber
confined in the jail during the past year wae sixty-seven, aod thot the
Tasgest anmber confined thor at ang ono tne during sak torm was one

vndred and forty-sis. Tn our opiion, the aaid jail will peperly accom-

inte bot Sy persons
‘We find, to, shat the said jail is impenperty constructed.

“No arrangements whatever acem to hive licen maite for the veut
tion of the Unikting. Coneeqaently, nie frequently ceonedel atte, the aie
eeoaes fox nd impere, and le appearance of pelsoners after a short
fncatcerstion there fully proves the wubealdhiness of Uh place

"Th pages and stairways are entirely too narrow and contracted
‘aud all the internal arrangements of the building are aowkwarl and
iconveniont in the extreme

The aad il fa bull of improper material, and this, i connection
‘wit she Fact that bas boos in use foe more than thirty years, renders
it, in oer opinion, very insecure ax a prion, -Prisances have frequently
rade shelt escape nung the onter walle with comparative eave, aud
nothing but the most vigilant wate now prevents tn recurrence of
sich escapes,

“Thre iano hospital department couneeted withthe building. Tb gem
erally becomes nocestary to keep sick prigouers in suome oecupied by
‘other persone, where they must Ureathe the fas! and unwholesome auinos-
phere which pervades the whole place, which renders their peospoct of
eturaing eal very soot

‘There are no proper aerangements for the separate coudnement of
‘hoso charged with erine ani committed for trial, and those awaiting
‘examination oe held as witneasen, And these latter, conficed from the
Decessites of the cane and not accnaed of any erie, ad thoes awaiting
examination, are obliged to mingle, to & oettsin extent, withthe worst
‘of etimsinals, while femalos merely suspected of crime ave obliged tn be
in daily contact with the lowest of thelt sex

"We fed tov tha, owing to ite age and dilapidation, itis impossible
with the ntmost endeavor to Keep the said jail ax vent au cloaly ait

@ be; and that in apite of every effort to prevent it, vorma infest
the place in inmunse quantities

"Weare of the opinion thatthe ead jail ia not, and that no repaies can
make i, proper plnce for the confinement of prinouers, ad that hoe
tuanity and a due regaed for the public goud demaud that its plaor
‘oall be filed by a buldtug propor and adogueto 19 anawer the pur
poses of w jail ins eounty where eo many priacnors sre obliged 10 be
Eonfiveds and wo do not hesitate to aay that the Eve county jal isa

‘HE COUNTY PRIsONS. 201

disgrace to on community and fale bat Ute sbort of belo a publle

ALPHEUS PRINCE, Foreman

‘Thomas Lawless,

He Six Bielgor

15, Essux Couns,
ployment of Prisanera-—None Whatever.

“Mare of Education —Phose is no library, and no eecsla fateaction
i given, ‘The inmates are eupplied by the sherif’ with papers, and
sometines with book; bat theas have genorally been returned’ both
foiled and tora

‘Moons of Poligious Tustruction.—hero aro n0 Bibles in the jail. No
reaching ie ever had by the prlgonovs, and uo Individual eforts axe
fade for their moral or spiritual impeovement,

Prison Dieary.—They are fed from the sheila table, aud of course
fave much as he docs, There is x6 regular bil of fare.

Sanitary Condition-—The location of the prison i very good, belog
wept on all sidea by henlthfel moontaln broozes. ‘The windows of the
tolls ate lages but the odor i novertholees, Giagrevable and stiling
Sell, the jalt fe exempt None have died within ite walls
for many Seats, Tlie only casos treatod wore one of slight bowel come
Dlaint aud ove of astuma, The Iter otigiaated outside the walls, Tt
Te very renaskoble that there have heen uo eaaos of venereal diaesas ot
olin tremons there for may years,

‘leanliss—-Water i eatried Inta the Jail to pails, Esch oll ia far-
ichod with wash basing and towels, Razors, soap, ond eombe are Tus
ished by the shovff at his own exponse. The prisoners ere compelled
to wash themsalves, if they do not doit voluntarily, There in no c
venience for bathing, Most af tho. prisoners hve orecpera when they
ome in, and there. are generally more of Tees bed bug in the wooden
Dedsteads, with whicl the jail 42 supplied, The prisoners clothes at
bedding ate washed once a woek. They aro supplied with sbeets, pit
lor eases an quilts,

Lighting—Bach callie lghted with 4 window 4 feet 9 inches by 2

‘The women's colle baru two windowe im cach, ‘They are occa:
‘with a candle in tho evening, but never laser than 9

Heating —There te 9 wood stove in each room.
Budden Tinses Whore a a fuaily living nthe Jal, who can be oasily
ron by noiges made by the pelaoners in the might,

292 REPORT ox

Separation ofthe Sores—Tho women ace kept in the upper story,
which iv entered by the outside stairway. They may possibly comm
hicate through the open windows, Ime the soparation Je an the hole
pretty effect
Cssfation ofthe Privners—The untied prisonere ara kept cepa
tate from the feed ones, when their mutnbess will admit of the separa
fon; bat this iv often impracticable for wantof room
"Prin Building Erected in 1896, in place of one that haa boca
bored, The part wed a8 e jal for men ie of atouny the part nied by
the fonily and as w jl for women ia of brick. Tho jll ps
Tong and 16} feet wie, One of the men's rooms fe 1s feet sqaae, the
other Is 14 feet by 10 fiet. “One of the women's rooma om the eocond
story ia 16 foot by 18h fel, the olber 12 fot by 18} feet, and both 9
‘Thoro are Tour apartments i all
To prieowers escaped, but were retaken, They did not
1 out, but knocked down tho jilor ag ho entered the cell, nd wen
trough tie door bere % onld be eeenred, The Tower eels have stone
‘bots and stone coverings. ‘The doors are of heury ok, and the Tastem
fnge ate inaccessible from the inaide, One of the eels ix double grated
fand the other single grated, which is the weakeat point we save. Th
‘would be possible ta dig throug the wall; but not easily, f the jalor
{xercieed suitable vigilance,

16, Enaxxux Court.

‘he jul of this eonnty, situated fn the town of Malone, was go fully
“tescrbed in the reports of 1883, 2854 an 1966, that no fortber account
Df its architectural arrangements need bo given here, AL the period of
{his year’s inspection thore weve but four iamates, all males, on the fol
Towing charges respectively: desertion, arton, threats of viclonec, and
Bastaty. The last waa between 30 and 29 goats of exe, end hae a wil
fand four chiklen. ‘The third eneo above allnled 40 was a buy of 18,
omitted for thvetesog Sv shat woman with # gan. Hy acknowl
fijges an attempt to feighton the complainant, but positively declares
thas the gun was not Joaded, having boon fired off at a Bied »fow mi
ites before, Yet be we committed unhosicatingly by. the jnstioe of the
peace in the town of Duane, on what appeared to the caminttee ins
Eient evidence, and it wax agzested tot Local conumitees of the Asso-
tiation that am efirt about be made to procare hie release

"The alierif of the enty, who lay acts as jallor, occupies with bis
fanvily the front part of te jail, whol fr ted up forse purpove. There
tee uve censurable pactiealara inthe arrangement of thls prison

Firat. ‘The state reytring entree of « pattcalar kind to bo made
fn the books ofthe prison, of all the prconers delivered to the charge of
the keeper, aud of every discharge, ie in thie prison wholly disregarded.
"The law alladed to fo ag fallow:

‘ue COUNTY PRISON

“Te shall be the duty of the Keeper of each county prison to kee
dai record of the commitmants nd. dlchargor of all pelaowars de
Tivered ta is charge, which reooet shall exhibit the date of entrance,
ham, ofc, term of sontener, fins, age, se, eountry, colo, social re-
lations, parents, habite of Hf, canpot read, read only, read and write
‘well educated, classically educated, veligious instewition, Wow com:
Inittel, how discharged, trade ar occupation, whether go employed when,
frzesisd, umber of previous conviction, value of aetcle stolen"

‘The only Vook hese kept fa one containing the accouat of the board of
prisonors, and the twrukey's charges, OF the purpose of making owt the
Imoney asenunts against the epertaors

"Socond, The absence of ventilation of the ees ix sueh that the prisoa-
crs beda have often to be browght out into the Ball, wid on a recent
‘ocason a man fated night frum the fal ai,

‘Thi. The Hoor of the main hall was found {a a most disgustingly
Sithy cuition, owing to the imperfect construction and vad) mana
iment of the watercloset in ono corner, notwithstanding » honnttat
apply of aqoeduet water,

The eet awarded ia last year's report to the citizens of Franklin
county for their enterpriae and taste inthe erection of anch s handsome
End approptiate building. was cottainly well deserved, and it needs only
the attention of the proper authorities tothe foregoing criticism to ren
‘der it one of the haudsomest and best conducted prisons in the State,
These ave, howovor, serious defects, and must, 02 long os thoy ere
Allowed 10 continue, dotract from ap otherwise creditable management,

TT. Rourox Cousry.

Prison Building —Thia jail e of stone, and was erected fn 1166, by.
‘Sie Wiliam Jobuson, ten years before tbe Declaration of Independence
Its dimensions ae 80 footy 40. ‘The lower story fs used aa a residence
by the serif. The upper slory is appropriated to the parpoten of the
nil A spacious hall sun throagh this part of the etetare, oa each
tide of which ae the cella. There are altogether sight ols of unequal
sao, two of which are datk, the others wo lighted

‘Shcurily-~Oue escape oecurted last yoar. The prisoner was brought
cut 1o enw wood, when he gave the auhortice th alip wd abconded,
He was retaken and cestored to the ara, fou which be was a deserter,
‘Thia jail, as mentioned in the lat report, ia very unsafe. The stones
mas’ Uo eelly pocked out, and the gratings ace of #oft Ito, which may
Ye realy eut through. We conus in tho opinion expreseed Tast year,
‘at ° Fulio oounty greatly nerds @ new jal”

Eaploynent—The prissners have no regular oocupation, They ave
sometimes employed to da little joue ebont the jal, euch as cleaning,
‘whltewashioy, sawing wood, ete, but that ix al

204 nevont oF

Means of Intlstual Culture-—Thore i no Wdeary, ana no eecolar in
struction af the inmates, The sheriff gives thom he papers, ond some
‘mos loans them books.

Dutinre —Thore Is a Bible in every cll, sopped

Messenger ia recived, wd road with
terest by some. Oveasionaliymlniatee call to aeo ‘ad tlk with the
prisouees, bn not often,

‘The Diary Breakfast; salt mest, potatoes, bresd (wheat oF e070.)
and tea with milk, Dimer : meat, potatoes, bread, and occasionally
Soup. Diferent vegetables are supplied aceording 10 the seazon, Sup-
pet ayush and silk, with tes, or bread and coll meat

‘Sentary Condition The health of the peinonern was good atthe time
otinepeetion, "Thete waa some sickpoes in tho winter.” Te le ead thet
bo deathe ever occurred in the jail, How this can be knoven with hie

y running buck a undsed yours, i ix dilul, to conceive,

Cleonlinee —Water fx intodnced int the jail by pala twice @ day
siwage, and in summer oftener, The prisoucre are requlved to ane
themeelves daily. Soap, combs and towels are forushod by the county.
"There are no provisions for bathing. ‘The prisonets’ clothes are waahed
weekly. The bedovers are woolen blankets, and are washed about
Crery thie wecks, The ray’ le changed, and the ticks washed four
es year” Vermin shoued Ia the jail. "he prsouers wre required
to seald and wash their bunks once a week. The jal fs whitewashed
four times a year, a the Aoors are sernted once a week.

ighting—The prison is well Hghted fn the day tino. No lights are
furnished at night. Peinonere considered safe urv allowed to have light,
i ty farnieh H shemeelve.

“leating —Thore is & wood stove in each of the thee Inge woot,

Discipline Bat Tithe pooishment ie found necessary. The only one
wed fe ominomont ins dark ell. Kindness and fsewiy advice prove
the moet fective

‘Svadon liness at Nigh-—By making nolse the prisoners can bo
readily beard by the family.

Classfcation—There seeme to be slight attempt nt classication
Inere, Criminals are Kept in a zoom by themeelves 5 also debtors and
Aitneeace and in Uke manner, boy. But all ssaociate a good deal in
‘he commen hal, and the attempt at classification may be net doven ae
faitnce,

Insanily.—Three ingnne prisoners hive been confined: in the jest
uring the year, One was pat infor safe keeping, who after ten days
waa sent to the Aaylom at Uilea. The other taro were committed for
Might efences, and weve released on bail after a shor imprisonment

‘THE COUNTY PRISONS. 208

18. Gexzsee Comey

Prison Duslding. Erected in 1961, The material ig brick, with walle
1Sinches thick. “Ita dimonsione are St by 40 fect. "There are 16 cell,
Bieet by 5, and 8 fest high. Four of thom are appropriated to the

‘Srauity —The prison i tolarubly eecase, No escapes have occurred
os tho ast these Soars.

Breployment—None, except sérubling the jl

Moons of Bauceion—No Vibrary, wn no wecular instruction. ‘The
sheriff supplies the prisoners with a daily paper, and sometinee tarda
them books.

‘Ratgiows Iasirwction-—No preaching, and no individual efor, There
are two Bibles ove for the stem the other for the women, ‘The Aterieaa
Messengor is recoived and distributed wonthly.

The Ditory—Two meals, Becakfayt: Corned beef ot pork with

fand water, Smpper: Meh and milk, oF tread and

‘Sanitary Condiion.—The toeation of the prison fs pleazant and heal,
boeing on the hank of a strata, ‘The genoral health was reported to
ood, No death forthe lost four yeas. Venoroal complaints and thone
‘rising fiom intemperauoo ure bee, a fa most other falls, the provalent

‘loeuness—Water Ia broaght nto the jall in pails, There ave no
‘conveniences for ablation, except one brass wash dish, with no drain to
jeary of the waste water, ‘The pesoners ate rogulved to wash every
morning. Soup, combs, towels, and raznr are provided by the enuaty
‘Tho prisoner’ dothes are washoi weekly. A clean pillow ease and ons
clean slirt ave given every week, “The blankets are washed twice
year. The jail ls aceubbed weekly, and whitewashed twice a year

Heating —By thes wood stoves, which axe ssid 10 mako the prison
perfectly confortable

Dieviptine—The prosent sherlif aya that he hse no occasion to punish
prisoners; that moral meana ure oad aeaflceat, Ie believes kind
teatment’ and filendly admonition aad couseel more effectual dan

Suudex Hino at Night—Prisoners ander such ciscanstances camnot
really enmmunicato with the keeper, aed might ruler mucs before vl
‘could be obtained,

Srperation of the Soe —Wihout seeing, they ean yet talk with exch
‘other fey

Ctasscation—The drusleen ave kept separate fom the sober, whic
fe all that Ie ateempte,

Troenty—One woman, who hod escaped from the county insane aay:
2, was lodged ia Jal fr ade kooping, but wee setucued to the esi

296 REPORT on

19. Gunexn Coury.

Binployment of the Prisovers.—They saw the wood weed in tho jail,
and do the cleaning and whitewashing j with these exceptions, they @
0 work

Tntletual Culbere— There ig no Library belonging to the prison, and
no secular books oF papers are aupplied to them. No secular instraction
ie imparted

Religious utruction—The jail fx sopplied with Bibles, bt they are
‘often toon and defaced. Te American Messonge ia distributed month
ly. There in never any proaching. Me. Wilson visits the jail two oF
threo times a yoar, and veade a chaptor to thom ; with this exception,
there fa no individeal effort for thie eformation,

Frison Dietary. ~Broakfast : Bolle ot feed pork, potatoes, xyo bread
and cote. Dinner : Boiled meat, beet or pork, and potaives. Supper
TBeead and molasses op mish and molasses

‘Sanitary Condition ~The jl i vtaated in en elevated, sity position,
nd itis uoually healthy. Thove have been no deaths during tho year,

p eickacee, No dieeaso baa arigon within the walls of the

The jalor Koop the preva aa clean we its condition will
allow. Bot there seo broad cracks tr the plank lining of the rooms §
‘the floor and the ceiling have been ont ngain and agai, and mented
‘with icon bars and non plates until the whole Se a tose sach that it
cannot be kept in anything lke devont order. It ia well whitewashed,
fand this ie abont ll that cane done. ‘The wight tubs ean only be
tmptied by conveying them cnt hrongh the jain’ hall. The bedateada
fre ot run ; the Ueda of airaw, Colton ahoeia are aacd, with woole
blankets, Each room ie provided with washbasin and towels, with
soap. ‘The prisoners are required to keep shemerlves clea. Combs and
agora are aloo supplied when noccassry. There ate no means of bathing.
Water f

Jog ie pail,

theots are alco washed weekly, and the blankets ax often aa they noed
ft. The prisoners said they wove not trombled wth vermin,

Lighting —Eoore are co windows to cach soom aboot thee fret
square, secured by threo Iron gratings. No lighta ave allowed them at
ight, but the prlionere sometimes aopply themselves with ove by sar
fing thoir pork snd waing that foe a Tight

Heating. Ther is.» coal stove in each room

Discipline —Tho prieonees aro sometimes shackled and chained to the
oor; 0 other punishment ie ever adopted.

‘Sudden Iinest-—The kzeper ean readily ear any alarm in case of
siokooes.

‘Scparation 2f the Sexes-—"They cannot see each other, but can eooverse

: BHR COUNTY PRISONS. 297

together, ‘They abuse this opportunity by holding earuptog conversa:
fiom, ‘Thoro is wo attempt at claasifeation, ‘The jallor fo compelled
{ally to violate the law By confining debtors and witnenees with crime
fale for want of snitnble rooms

“Tnemily.—Turee insane persons wets lodged inthe jel for safs keep-
tng, but were transferved to the county hovse, ‘They had not been
‘lity of any criminal ofence.

‘Prison Building Erected in 1819. Tt ia of brick, 28 fect by 38 fost.
Ie has four rooms, Benen the jalor’s apartmenta, They are each 12 by
Ts feet, and oight fovt high. The entrance doors are af oakon plank,
fecaved by three broad iron hasps, and fastened by padlocks. "The hole
through which the fuod is passed cast be closed hy an iron door, whieh
Ie sien secured with @ padlock. ‘There isan arca infront of the prison
fee wos formed By apright wooden joists, A hall runs through the
building. on the eastern sige of which de prison rows are situated and
fn the western ara the jil’s apartments

‘security here is na security whatever, chat fs not obtained by the
vigilance of the failc. The plank linge of the rooms have been cut
Uirongh with a jack huife again and again, While this ia boing done,
Timo is plastered over the enttinge when the jailor is expected to make
bis appearance, The chipa are buraed in tho store, When th
fare cutis not tore than an hon work to dig throagh the bre: wall
‘The padlocks can be forced ie Gvo minutes by woy one who knows how
to pecfovin that feat, Tho jail a Inall sspecte a disgraco to the couuty,
‘bat efurts are Being made to Induce the euperviaors to baild @ pew one
next year, Which, seis tbe hoped, will be aneceasfal. Thore wore two
scape this year made by digzing Vitogglh the wall. Oug of the pris-
fonere ta retaken j the other not

20, Hasuiaox Couxr

‘There were no prisoners in the jall of thia county in 3868, and only
fone in 1864 up to the day of inspection, which was September 19%, Ho
‘was committed on budy execution, and) was diacharged xt tho end of
fogr months on alidavie. For the frst month, ax there #48 no keeper
fd the shetif resided some douen or ffteen lon distant, ha wu in
twa jallor, Ho kept the keys of the jail, locked himself ia, went
broad whenever be pleased, and boarded with Mr. Holmes, wha keeps
rat clas hotel at Lake Pleasant, for wealthy citianns who are in pu
suit of vecreation and health dating the enmmer monte, Tt Te bardly
‘worth while to pend time oF consume paper in any vory mint doscrp
‘iow of jail for which there bs o little tise, Sifice & to eay thatthe
fecommodations are nile for all she demand likely tobe’ made npon
tem and thero will be little daoger of jail breach if prisoners are
permitted to board at Mfr, Holmes! hotel, and carry the keys in their
‘own pockets,

208 REPORT OX

21, Hankixee Coosry,

Prison Buitdings—It was erected aboot thirty years ago, Te stands
fon the main etcat of Herkimer village; is uf hewn ston, strongly
structed. We need not, however, go into a minnte deseription,
Drisow wos fully deeeried in the lat eeport in respect to atfuctare
Bimensions, scavits, arrangenent of calle, ede.

“Means of Totlctual Cuture-—Phore in no Tiurary Belonging to the
prison, and no seenlar instruction imparted tothe prisoners. ‘The jailor
Tends them newspapers, nd occasionally & book} but we imagine the
supply co be very tite

Culture-—There is no preaching to the prisoners,

ped that sicoese may
crown the effort now making by ont Associaton, to inteodace a reform
in this pardalar by the appointnnt of local commitaes of eotrorpond-
Ing wembore in cach couuty beat, co tuko a fricnlly oversight of the
religious eoudition and welfare of the prisoners. One Bible oly was
fund in tho prison, asd Vist war euppliad atthe jailars expense,

“The Prion Distary —Thoes mealn pec day ato fornished tothe prie-
onert. For breakfasts mest, potatoes wheat bread and caffes for din
bers bread and milk; for super: cold mest, potatoes, bread wad buter
fand frequently gingesbread or pie is added. There i mo fault to be
found with this fare, exerpt tt itis tao gewecons forthe inmates of a
prison. Many honest people would be thank for such ting

Bentary Condition.No deaths have nceusted during the year, The
general health of the prism was reported ta us ax good, thr pelacipal
Aigences treated —veueeoal aud tiemtens—veing bron by the pte
‘onere when they eae

ettstion and Chantiness-—Thore is no ventilation, except through
tho windows. "The sir of the ella was found ta be impare, and the odor
Gf the prison not pleasant, Water is introduoed into the jail in pail
‘The peisnors have tin basins for wssbing the bands and Yace, Dut 10
tease for bathing. Soap, combs and towels are provided, end they anv
sropured to seas every turning, ‘The cowaty provides a eazoe and
‘Shears, and the prisoners da thle own shaving, and hale extting al such
fimes and in mics atyle a they plesne, ‘The prisoner? clothing wah
fed weekly. Neither pillow cates por ahcets are weed. Te blankets
sore reported to ox ax being washed five or six timea a year. Last
eer Duy were reported as washed every fosinight, Yet the same
Kkeepor was in change both years, Either, therefore chore hae been 9
sgreat deterioration since the former report, ot statements have bres

ade rathor loosely on thie ence, ‘The jal iy aaid to bo whitewashed
fevery month, How often itis verubbed we were not informed, but the
ors were far from having a clean look.

‘THE COUNTY PArEONS. 299

Lighting end Heating Thin Jal ie bay ight in tho dayton, and
ao iin te allowed sight. tu heated iy ot sie rnc, eich
{re jullr atenred un made 4 comfortable inthe coldeet weuthe

“Dieitine-Horal means re found 0 the mai, euficient fo the
tmuntenanoe of good order. Reltactoryprscees aro eumetines lacked

Sudo nce et Rights Eve nlc loups near enough tothe piconere
to har cll ay neo made bi them

Glaniation=—Tere {stone attempted, ctber than tho axparation of
theacaee, Bron tetas not secured atthe Une of ott Waly he woman
teing locked up in one of the celle ofthe male werd

22. Jerrensoy -Cousre

Tho woceeiy for improrrmntn ext aditons in tho etter and
arranganentef the ball, allzéat to in furmor roprt ail exe,
ton the continued frqwenty of srenpor baring fled te arease te
county euortes ts the daly of making i more secure. ‘Sx escaped
inne November by sawing through vosden door and sooo tine sacs
na ct though the min wall res or for fot fromthe gromn iene
Hou, tho Snsteunents ised being ony he handle of «spoon and billet
of wood. "Tho eae thing was pordallyefecied ym bes, who aa
fated he purpone Uy being discovered ja the ct ln ine t prevent
it "No further idence fe ecdod of the inanfcincy of the atrctare
tha the need of an ently new balling. ‘The walls ao of save, bat
‘ee lcely pat togethe,

cya oer jl ii posite to aban the dese sttsticn

f te ext, edvitna}, moral or industrial relatons of thee icaree
Tated, because ofthe ngiet ofthe law prseibingm parce form af
Teering enc snain nd dase

he jar, who a appt by the ches receives from him a alr
ot 200 und hi bard,"Theblatonce of the perme cat shout tw
Gatirs «weak cach, and about ewentyve dllare per aan fa apent
fbr cehing

‘There are nx books, comitatng the Iibrry, and imlve copes ofthe
American Messenger are regulaily went fort se cf the piaoyers, bat
to secular innruaion fe imparted, and wo preaching by eltier pubic ot
individual ofr The sanitary coon iy fa, there bing workers
td vo sppaent eae fr any, except that the eda ae all peu the
fore of the edi there ban no bedetexde, andthe bedding baviog @
wry mnleany and dlondeved appearance, ‘Th prisoner” Clothes sre
‘asied wocky, bat the bed Ulaee (che aly coverings) coy aa eee
sion may require, whieh ls evident deemed tobe very eldom. There
Ano mena of bathing, though the prisoners ave Feoired to wah
Shemales gular, agp, towels cob, te, bung provide, Lights,
at night are allowed only Yo exceptional chee 20 of Ucbtors, Teo
‘meune of warming by stove, very ipetoct and dfeciv, The den.

300 REPORT ox

soon ix the only pooihiment employed. ‘The coosly contain 6000
Hinubiant, ond ihe townehip 10000

‘he ine of prosttaton i alloged to be ananaly prevalent, some
trouser devoted tothe prone ling tn the immediate Witty
prison, and all the throg famato fumatee are of that clase, Ther
Theat ota dian trio show,” No gual
tothe shri, thong fone a horn k have been rete for that pe
Nance of the Saath i eal to bo god “Phere de vot appee to bo
Tay chneel proparion i getgabope ad Um alread Utena as
county ia mit behaved to ncreay the amcunt st erin.

29, Kisos Coowry.
mpamon.—Thore ie none, excep in cloaking and whiteweshing
tho jt
“ifon of Intelctal Cure hur ia no Wray, Tow peaones are
fuinsed with no booker yoners by th pinnae mt thoy
hay procur bth with thelr wn moe, Ht thy chose, No soca
tious Dntruction-—The inmates are not enpplicd with Bible.
‘here no preach onthe Sabbath, but minster of diferent donont
ations cl there fequesily aa tae with the pcos, Ne laymen
‘exert themselves for their imuetit ™
The Prison Dicey prvonre sve fed thro tinen a day, oe
broakfan thay hve boat and aye aufie, On Sondaye and Thatedys
ther ove rot, potion, and broad fr diner; on Memtaye aul Sater
opr apop co Lipa on Tocsdqyn Gor Lect asl nen plato)
tn Wednoulaye, bon uowp wi ready on Fray ey tae fos trod
td potntous Por eappertny have rye eofee snd bead very day.
Sunteny Condon “We did nets the pyc tone pon, but
fngenored thee, A Pramer who how been conned hore ete yea
Iiaked wells hearty. The als onthe wer or ste never baie
Lite al eter prise io vontlaton ie fie, and wou th re
Ghentnoe: ~The water fun he Relgwond teesrvte be itdcel
wth th all Each calle frniabed win wash busin and ws but
ro tele washing the county nore den for them
Sed cates ase washed, whew dry, ‘The vitre ef he Asn
plained lat yer of the itis of tho eds We tink th
hun bor formed “We inst oberve anything to complain of thie
eepect wen we vst te atk The swhule anpect of the pase wan
Seidety net so len, Tse ee no means provide fr Gating the
‘vio person,

ux COUNTY PRISONS. 808

Lighting —Tho corridors are muficiently Tighted, ut te cells aro
somewhat dark, Tho prison is Highted with gas all night

“Heating By eadiator fom stean pipes

Direipline “here avo no panishmente used, except confinement in
fa dask etl. ‘Theve were onfy three of these puniehionts dusing the

‘Sudden Tness of Nigh—A Kosper fs on duty in ho corridors all

ight
‘Spration ofthe Serex—Is quite perfec.
Ciaefeation-—‘Thove would seetsta bo vory Kile attowpt st lassie
"Powe accused of igh eves sre eonfived Ia one gallery, while
ccunel of minor wife are ccnfed fa another. As many a8
fur or five persone are eomutimnes cond in one ol, which is of course
Gomovalising.. Tn the somo’ prison, they all herd together in the cor
Sine daving tho day, and have the mot ample opportanitie for mutual
corti
“prion Ruilding—The main Vatlding fs of brown stone, facing oo
Raymond stacet. Ie ie 125 fect font Uy 5B fet im depth. Krom thin
Teo winge xtend, at right angles with tho main building, One i of
rant, 135 fet long by. 80 fect in width, end contains 42 celle for
Stow Ieis treed by covidor through Ia whole length on the
Teh band, having ie cells onthe vight, ‘There are theee tors of alls
te abone another, hoving fourtoon colle each. ‘The Tower tier newer
‘eing need om account of dampness, dere rain but twenty-eight cella
Fewer The wing for females im of brick, 135 fest long and 39 fect
vido Te contains ity-fon cell, twenty of which ave not used, leaving,

‘Seurity—‘Thovo lua ben only cue escape during the past year. This
prisoner managed to gat aut with seme poner who were taken out
For esasninatiun, aud lipped away, Te is moro seeare than most prisons.

24, Lewss Courrr,

Priaon Building —This eas fully described, both in respect to ar
raigemont and security, in Inst roport, No chang hae ocewered since.
‘The county has determined to remove the jail to Lowille; but » delay
hh cocuceed in enesting the now building, owing to the high prices of

Employment of Prisoners.--None of any kind

“nialectuat Cidtuye No ibvary wi no acealer instruction, The
tevlf loans the prlones bonka occasionally, und gives. thom his
papers when he is done with them,

“Ralgious Instruction, No Bibles, 20 preaching, no indieidval effort
for she religions Uenelt of the prouers. "Thoy are glad to recrive the
Messenger

Prison Disary.—Theeo meals a dey. Good fare. Meat, vegetables,
‘read, butter, a, No drink bat wate

302 REPORT ON

Sanlary Condition —Tho phyelcian wot celled in at all last year

Geartiness —Water is cettad into the jal in & pitcher. No conve
ences for washing bat w tin wash diah and it f left optional sith the
Prisoners to wash themselves or ot, Nu moans of bathing, Prisuors?
stothes washed weekly; bed blaskets one mouth. No sheets ace
provided forthe beds, but ealien plloe eases, which ave washel weekly
Soap, combs, aud towols ae fuvnished 5 lso'e var *

Lighiing —The prison is weetehoily ighted, there being but one wine
ow, coosisting of four small panos, teach of the two apartmente op.
propristed tothe wee of prisoners.” A candle is allowell at night til
bed tine

“Zeating —A. wood stove in each tom

Diovphive.—Poniehwont has been uevesrary in but one instance, whea,
‘the prisoner was elained to the dor to prevent his breaking jail which
he had attempted to do. The sheriff ntarined ust te often eae with
the priscuers, and endeavors to mupply them with motives toe better
Hie

‘Sudien Ines af Nighi.—Prisoners can communicate with tie keeper
by zapying on the wall

Separation of the Sones —They are in adjoining rooms, and ean com
Verse to some extent, bat not without speaking qaite howd.

Gtassifeation.—Nowe is 0¢ ea bo wttempted

Securily.—One. prisoner encaped dating tho year by sawing off the
icon piu ou which the door plays, aad walking oat in open day. He bas
not beea retaken,

25. Laviscsros County.

Prison Puitding.—Broeted fn 1880. It iy a frame etewcture, 86
by 40. The ground on whieh it stands ie the gilt of the Wadsworth
family, Tho ste is elevated, and commana an extoasive and charaiyg
prospect, The building stands in the midst of « beantiful grove, bat i
Feel ina somevehat dilapidated condition, ‘Theve are 18 cells ltogetin,
ontracted, else aut aucomfortable, A now jo is greatly nected,
Security, This prison la very ineceure. ‘There were thee escapes
uring the your, These wore all efectod at ano tine, by digging
through the Hoor ia m placa where the timbers hod beeu eut in 0 case
of Bre, and not replaced. The timbers wader the ovr, which form a
solid pavement some tox or twelve inclea thiek, have become quite

—None, except clesning the jal
esis of Bawction’—there in 0 library, andthe prisoners reesivo
"The sheriff loane them a dally papor also the

‘weekly papers of the eoanty aud oecasioually books,
Eetigion-—Thero ioe Bible in each oorridoe (four), provided by the
county, and one HymaBook, ‘Tho Amovioan Messengers received, and

{un COUNTY PRISORS. 803

Intreis soe of the inwaton, ‘hore in over any preaching, ‘The
Glrgymen of tin village ocononaly como in and IL sad prey Wits
tha freoore bet bol systemically; Inyon nove.

‘rtm Ditery—Tho psowers we fol twige a doy._Tathoromings
‘neg te eapelicd om she chu gr yeule ent Gaeta ua
Tomive clhar Bator o en, ‘They gt ening fr midday loch
Porenppe ty lave bread gn milky or mosh and mil

‘Santry Cantion-—he health cf the primar was good at the
time of inapretion. There ie but ile aickness ‘The poners ate
teil generally to improve fa Relth One man hes eon i he pie
tire yrs si aot bad ick Qay."Nodoath has occved dusg
the cenboney of tho proeent serif tata for wary eo yrs

Cleentinea~A good caply of well and ietrn waters Curried In
bpp, Alla equied towns Sony, cmb altel ae fr
led hy tht county. Tho she fnds the przonve rane ad sare
toc abeving aod haircltng. ‘his clatbon are wathed weekly j neta
tot ll cane the nemo bd tcke snd oka ew yon Vere
iii Shoup. Shri’ fo fight thom contomally wit erconive bic
Fate, car ile. Jail werbledonce a wonky amet. twice 5
Tiltgwaahad Ueno een

‘iting Toe jl 0 poy Tig Yat te Somat eannat 6 0
readin th ealle; they can burly dao in the earns. No Tight in
provided at sigh exept in cote of sicknoss but tbe prime cat
ive Hight at thet own expen

“alg Four coal stove jal comfort i old wether,

Diniplne —No poiement ooptTackng a eal Thy seldom m0-
covery. Boral nonce aesly fom afin

Suton Hine at Nighe—Te she eeop eat enough to hoae the
prisons if hey ako «nc

Separation of the Seer —Te spre.

Guin. ebtoce are pt ty thomsevesj als men under wee

26, Manisox Coos.

Prison Building Erected in 181T—a frame sractre, Te has sit
rooms, two in lower sory, font in upper, 18 by 18 fet. Some bere
three bea, end me vo in thom, ‘The windows of tho lower atry
have tne qrting thoes aban.

Swurty-—The to lor ome ae ity scar ; uo ono ever escaped
from ethraf then There wer ao eacapo dvieg th Year rom the
Sil; but ope man escaped fom an oatr whe bing tcnducted tp

Maan of Itlatul Cdtre Ther in v0 teary in the prin, and
te sectl instruction ie given. he shri loans the prisoner papers

‘and books :

804 nepont ox

Religion —A Bible ia provided for eosh eo by the county ; bat there
fx no prenching, ado Individual fort

‘the Prison Dictary.—Taree tenis. Breakfast : mont, wheat bread,
land potatoes or otter vegetables in thelr soa8on, and eotfee on Sunday.
Dinner same a breslfae, with soup aeeasionally. Supper: mush and

‘Sanitary Condition—The boalth of the prisoners was good at the date
of inspection, as it ad been throngh the year. One death occurred as
‘he result uf the softening af the brain,

‘CHoeniness—Supply of water abundant; inteouced by pate, The
ceonveniguces for ablation aro wah basive aud a sink. ATL ave required
to wath ons an towels provided, Theve iv uo batl-tab; Unt
tater is brow nto the prison yard by a leaden pipe from 9 apring.
“There i large tou in whic the pinnors can wl the whole pe

‘They ave led into the yard for at hoor or 20 at least twice a week,

id. to avail themselves of Ue op

thes, sleet and pillow caea are

ue cunfortables wies a yee or oftener if there is a

hneedebe ‘The jail whitewashed twice & soar, and scrubbed weekly.
There is © goo deal of amioyanoe from veunin

“Fighting Rather dimly Highted by day 3 not wt all at night, uses fo
cen of sickness, Pritovers, however, may furnish their own light,
find ft fe quite eommou for them to do so

“eating, Wood stavos fn each rtm

Diwipiine No punishments ara weed; none aro found necessity;
smortt infiiencea avo eulclont,

‘Sedien Litnot, The she? sleeps noes enongh to hear any noiso

terapte
Seaanily.—Ove ense. ‘The taan hoeano insane, and then idiotic. Died
in prison.

2%, Mono Couxrr

Prison Building —Date of erection cond not be ascertained. The
atari in stone. hore is & main building Use stories high, 49 feet
by 45, and a wing two atories high, 60 fost by 42. The fret (wo aries

fof the main eitactave are oeovpied aaa roses by the keeper. The
{hind stiry fs used paclly as ¢ fomnalo prison and pastly ax a place of
Confaement for debtors and witnesses, The mate prison occupies the
‘Sole of the wing. ‘The cella ara arranged in two ters, with corridors
Gholtting thom. There are 26 colls aogetber, nine ft by foar, and
Seven feet high, arched, ‘There He no ventilation whatevet, except bY
fhe windows, which, as mentioned fo last seat’ roport, are guarded bY
hoary gratings tat gveutly obatract tho fteo adulssion of aie. The
‘windows are taken out entirely in summer,

THE COUNTY PRISONS. 305

Seurity The jail was thoroughly sepaieed last year, and the win
tows of the men’s ward double barved, Tt may now be considered as
folerably sceure against attempte to orcape, There it a atone wall
end tho wing three fost thick and 19 feet high, which, however, doce
fot add materially to the sceutity of he prisoa, Thro haew beon no
fttempis to beeak jail daring the past year, nor have any provions
attempts made during the invombency of the preseat sherid” proved
successful

“Employment of Prisoners —Thoy sometimes assist in cleaning, white-
washing ad dong howsework that i all

“Meats of Intellerteat Cullre-—None, either in the for of a ibrary oF
special insvaction. The newspapers of the day ae loaned by the keeper,
‘abd occasionally Looks.

“Raligiows Iusicuction This jail haa a chaplain, who holds «service
every Sabbisth; but the committee did not 42e him, and aro unable to
lve any account of the resulta of his labors. ‘There ie full supoly of
Bibles, provided by tho supervisors, with the words Monroe Count
Jolt” stamped on the covers, Christan people, male aad female, often
sit the jall to converse wit the prisoners and distribute tracts, Lot
bn the Sabbuth sad wook days, ‘The Sisters of Charity frequently labor
in this way for tho bene of the Catholic prisoners. Tho" Mossonger”
fs distribatod monthly, and fe read with » good desl of intrest

‘The Dietary —Two meals, B-vakfast: corned beef, broad, potatoes
orotter vegetables thees times a week; the other fowr days bean soup oF
‘egetalte soup. The soup iv always made from grad smeeet beef bones,
The only dria forniahed ix water. Supper: maak and mill im samen,
tid mush and siclasees jn winter. ‘The bend used ie msde of wheat
flout and cota mesl, ia the proportion of two-tieds Hour aud one-third
roel, I it ever happens to ho row, tig thrown invariably to the pigs,
fd bokere? bread furaished instead. Tho jailor keops his own cows,
fad the mill i given to thom with the cream in. Tho prisoners have
all dey want of everything provided.

Sonitary Condition The Health of tho prlonera was good at the date
of iapeotion, There (a ite sickaeae, other than gexereal complaints
fad detiiam tremens, which are quite common, One ease of suall pox:
ocurred last year, and two of dysentery, which later disease prevalled
extensively in the community aa an epidemmle. ‘There has boon no death
In the prison for Sve years

Ctovslinest—The water aupplied to tho prison is well water—s little
Dard. This pumped directly into the jail, ‘The privonees have aoceas to
tdoving the day, and s supply is placed in the cella at night. ‘There is
4 eat oight foot long: and two or thre fost ore, into shih the water fs
pumped for purposes of ablation. This pall tho apparatus there ie for
Dething. ‘There isa Kettle in which, in the wintertime, water ean be

[Assem, No, 62] 20

heated by the prisoners for washing: Soap Is prosided, bat neither
towels por combm, A razor and steep are furashed, and shears for hair
cating, ‘Tho prisoner’ clothes are washed weekly, and the bed blankets
hd Uckinge every three months, The mows watd ia scrubbed daily;
fhe women’s, three times a week, Th wally and cells of tho former ate
‘vhitewaclied every fortnighy; of Yao lattor, whon they lol as i they
heeded it. There fa mnch aunoyanco from vermin

“Cighting The prison ls gulefently ight in the daytime; bet mo Tights
ane allowed! at night, except in sickness,

“heating There is a cont stove in each corridor of the male prison
and a word stove fo the female dopactiont

"Dieciptine—The only punishment employed is putting the zefractory
tn ion, which ie not often necensarg, Kind words, the keeper informed
tus are found more elfotive chan @ lad.

‘suidon Minew at Night—The jltor steepa near the prisoners, and
tually tos some traty prisoner whose coll door is Tt

fo out and tap ou the onter deor of the prison,

Keeper always gos into the wale waed at niduight, vo regulate the fives
sid eco that all is right

‘Separation of the Ser —It ia perfeot and complete hare

Clanton —None at all, excopt that the debtors lve apartments
by themvclven, We finn a'men here iaprisootst a8 a witness fa the

case uf two men by who be bad been robbed. He had been in jail
imo thre tonibe, while the culprits wete at Hargeon bail, He was

Souda fa the sae war with Hae criminals

Treaty Two insane persons were in the jail Inst year. One was
cominitted on a eviminsl charge, Dut was acquitted oa the ground of
Snonoity aad sent tothe asylum at Utica; tho other was put iu for safe
Keeping, and eeu to the saune place

28. Mowraoweny Count.

Prison Building —This was descrived in the last report ax to strc
taco, arrangements and security. Tie ono of the least gocare of ou
Full, Arman can dig ot with jackckalfe. ‘The locks are miserable
‘Gne eaceped during the year through the doo, eithor aceidestally left
‘open, or with tho key in it

“Tnployment-Novo, except 0 assit i cleaning the jai

sana of nelosual Culture No library, snd ho wecnar fatruction,
‘Tye keeper loans newspapers sud books,

"teligions Disrwotion Bibles are sopplicd yo Yocal society.
‘The "Messenger" is received and read with Interest, Theco is never
Tiny preaching to the prlsouers, We wore told thot formerly a good
sear ioncrest was taken in the religions selfaro of the prisovers by
‘njtian laymen ; Dut that. astery such efforts had become more rar.

Dilary Ties meals, Breakfast + Pork or beet, brend and pi
swith wales for drink. Dinnee: pork and beans, or ett beef, with bread

HE COUNTY PRISOKS, 307

Sapper : bread snd mill, or broad and butter, ot bread snd snolaaes, or
mash aid molnesos.

‘Sanitary Condition —No death, end no ease of sickness of any xacount
arng che eur

‘Cleanliness —Watar is carsied into the jail in pale regalerly rice &
ay, and oftoner If nocemary. The convenionces far washing. are tin
busine, and a sik to carry off the wash water, No maaan of Bathing.
{tis optional with the prisoners to waah of let it alone, ‘They are pro=
‘ided with soap, combs and towels. ‘The Keeper leaves thea & razor,
fod ls wile ents their hair, The jail fa whitewashed so offen ae once
into moutha. If there are mauy prisoner, the foore ave seralived
weekly j not #0 oflom when there are fw, ‘Their underclothes are
‘washed weekly j the blankets and ticks ‘erico a year; and ofenot
‘hon thought neceesary.

ZLighting.—Vio prison ie wall lighted by day, but no Tight ie allowed
a night

Hesting.-—Two coal stoves jn the monte ward ; one wood stova fa the

“Disoptine—The panishniente are locking in the colle and puttag om
slacklan, Aa a gouora thug che prisoners behave with propricty, and
Tittle everoon fs needed.

‘Sidon ness at Night—I€ prisoners kuodk on the walls or doots of
theie cells, chey can by heard and receive immediate attention,

‘Srpavaton of the Seors—They aru separate only by a door, with a
Aiariondsbaped hole init foe pacing food, thromg: whieh of coure the
fan sce euch other, aud hold conversation togethor just 9a freely as if

one whatever {a attempted.

‘Ope man was eonualted for burglary, who was not eound
innulud, No bill was fonnd, Ho sluply Lroke into house, and stole
sume cake,

29, New Yous Covnsr.

‘There fs property no county jail In thin county ; but the ety prison,
commonly ealled he “Torti” It effot, such a prison,

Enyoynent of PrisonareNove,exoept in cleaning the Jal

Moana of Inaioctval Culture —Theve ie iosary of — volumes, but
there ie no aeealar instruction given to the prisoners, Many of th
prisoners read the hocks. ‘The grester numbor draw novels, bat many
‘work on history and Uingraphy aze read also, Books of a religious
Character are rarely looked at.

‘Moana of Religions Culture, —We saw no Bibles in the cells, ‘There
is rogular proaching every Sabbath

The Distary—Tho prisoners ate fod tion day. Por breakfast they
lbsve Dresd and molanses, For dinner tiey bave soup, moat, aud brea
thrve timee a week ; codfish once a week and atotber times mash ard

308 ‘REPORT ox

tmolasies, Prigoness who cam alord it are allowed to purchase thei
teele ontaide. ‘The hows of eating are $A. Mand 2B. M.

Suniary Condition—In sore of the cella there was a foul odor from
the soit pipes, Thess is water under the prison, which stands thero con
actly. There is a scow beveath if, in which workinen foat round foe
tho purpose of repairing the prison pipes, The physician, howorer,
fexpresily asad un toot bot ta eater of disease bad orighiated
‘pithin the prison in four years, All others had originated outs the
salle, ‘The average amber of prescriptions ia about ten dally. The
prevailing disensos treated are delirium tremens, voucres, sheuratis,
And gastric dorangemonts, Thre were 88 death during dhe year trom
the flowing sanace

Kahaustion, 15; injury, 1; hydsotborax, 1; convulsions, 9; epilepey,
1, phthisia polmonalis, Ly general debility, 8; compression of tho
‘rain, 15 congestion of tho liver, 13 premature bieth, 1; congestion of
the brain, 1; apoplexy, 1; Aelia tremena, 8; ebrowie dierzhna, 1

‘OF the above, 26 wre white males; 10 wore white females; 1 blk:
ale, and one black female. The aduirs of the prison aro under the
direction of the commissioners of public charities and convertion, who
fanpear to dlacharge theie datos with greet fielity snd intelligence

‘leonliness "There is not mach t0 eammplain of in the tnew's jal
thong, owing 20 original faults of constriction, # eantot be Rept at
clean ns ix donirale wich auch @ population, The women's prison ie ja
fa very clean condition,

Abvndance of water is jteeduced into the jail from the Croton. ‘The
Prisoners have wash basis in ench cell, ane nok fornished with 10m:
fs or roap, They are not cupelled to wash daily, Outi Tot to their
own option wheilor they will do ao or not. “There are no means of
Uathing, Peigonces furnish their owe razoee, oF go without shaving.
Thay pay for their own washing, oF do it themsclven. ‘The bedding,
whieh fe omly blankets withyat sheets ot pillow casos, io washed Ax
‘often as it becomes disty, Whenever a diriy prlsonot gue oul, bie
Dlankete arw washed beivee another poston slvopy in them.

Lighting Bach eal hae a aacrow oping t0 the exterior ight; the

23 ball ie igtted from the soot. Gee Hghte barn all wight ip the

“Heating —Thoro aze two large atoven for Warnings coal in tho ball,
and a supplementary furnace ie placed in the corner of cach block
Gf alla, tobe used in cage of aecansity. The prison ie by these mean
Kept comfortably warm st ll ines,

‘Discipline No punishment i tard inthe Tombs, except contuoment
in dar cells ans this is not resorted to on an average mete thas hese
times m ear. The violations of prison rules are very rare

‘Sweden Minese—A keopor is oo duty in the bal ll igh readinest
fo attend lo aay casos of sicknoas which may ocowr,

‘THB COUNTY PRISONS, 309

Seperation of the Scees.—Thls ie perfect, and leaves nothing to be
aesired,

Classfeation.—The boys are all kept hy themselves, and dhe diferent
grades of crime ave conBised in aeparate rangos of cells

Tnseaily=—Thore wore three iusane persoae in prevo at the tine of
‘our visit Many such have boon confined there doug the years They
fro mostly seat to the Insane Asylam on Blackwell Island, 356
insane malon and 305 foriales were, commited in 1868, waking a total
daring that your of 40

‘Sieurity—The prison fe vory secure. Only one escape occurred ia
41503, "Tuo prisoner removed the Trons by sawing, and forced. himself
‘rough an aperture 6} inches by 203 inches. He was woon retaken

Genera? Remarts.—Tuis prison ia altogether unworthy of the great
‘motropolis of New York. It will uot bear » moments comparison with
the careepandiog prigons ether ip Philadelphie or Boston. New York
‘owes it allko to or intercat, her reputation, and the cutee of bomauity,
{wercot a now city prison, widh ag ltle delay ae poss, ja a locality
where greater apace and more fresh air ean be secured,

30, Nesoana Cousme
Prion Building hn was very fly and corcctydeacied jn tast
yours report No altections havo eiace boon tans, exeopt tat the
wall of tho prison gard tas Boo rained aoven fc, wick someveat
Tnoesies ite nocniy. Seven eocapod ast. yary five at ane tin,
Jocking the keeper in « coll. * * "

Enployment None, ther hon sorabing and sawing woe
__ Moms of Itt Cattre- “Ae us, there pte Heray 36t
finan, No vending io tapiied, exept eepapers

“ase of Peper Insracton- Ro preaching, no tdiedual fort,
and to Bibs exempt sch a aro wppled by ta aber om the spect
een of pacers.

Dietery-Two meals. Breakfast: boo or pork (comstines salt some-
tines fei), plate oe tesne, and bead, With ter for dak Sap
‘er same a brent, with tho ocasonl addon af naps srselings
Tote and moleaee ae subst.

Sentary Condition Tie het of th prisoners was good at tho te

section. Delium tremens and veneeal me the prevalent dense,
‘hore Bt seknon fa the Jol Prnoera hone sia ate obliged
to pay ths omn dct’ il

Clecatinass Water, Doth well and cistern, fs introduced in pail
Conveniences for ablution are wash howls aud sink Atl are compelled
to wash, Soap and towels re furnished, but not combs, No means of
bathing, Clothes washed weekly; benketa mouthly. Straw pat fa
eds twice a year. ‘The prison walls are whitewashed twice and the
culls four ties yearly.

Lighting.—Thero aro elght windows, which afford smple light daring:
the dag no lights allowed at night

“Healing.Po wood staves.

Dissiine—The only paniehinents ae the diugeon and irons

‘Sudden Twos of Nipht—Thero is communication with the tacnkey in
‘an ajining apartment, Any sudden attack of wicknees ean readily be
trade known.

Sepasation of the Sexes—They can converse together, when the men
sre in the ball but theaa wre commonly Ticked in theie calls Vhronghoot
the day

(Clanifcation —None whatever.

Insanity Tnvee cates dating the year, ‘Two were aent to Utica
sagt.

81. Osema Couxrr.
a sail ob Coa.

Prison Buitding.—Brocted in 1852, ‘The dimensions, material, nam
ber and arrangement of calle sveurity, &, of ths jail were fully de
‘aeribed fa lat year's report

‘Enploymont of Prisoners —No oveupation bat sawing wood and sles
ing and whitewashing jul

Biweation.—There is no library, aor is ang secular insteaction given,

"The keeper lends tho inmates hie daily paper, and ooeesioually books,

Religion There is nota Bible belonging to the pinta, but the jalloe
loads Hibles to the prigoners whonever thay desire i Tuere He n0
preaching; bat oceastoully some minister of layman calla to talk and
peng with ther,

Prison Ditary—Two meals, Breakivet: sslt beef, potatoes, and
bread (wheat or Indian}, with water for dink Eucugh is given fora
Tach at no0a. Suppor: imoak and milk, of mush and molasses, Pi
fonersavalting tral aro allowed extras, if they provide thea with thelr
own mouey. Pew do eo

Senitary Condition —The heath ofthe prionere waa good nt tho dato
‘of inepection. Principal diseases saine amin other jail Health of the
prison generally good. Physician frquently not called tn for eoveral
Weeks. Two doatha during the year; one from old age, the ather from
fm accidental fall. ‘The prisoner fll from the upper corridor, which was
Sithout «cain.

Cleanlineta—An abunclant supply of water, carried inn pails, Wasi
ing i optional with the inmates. Soap, comba, and towels are far
paved, but wot razors. There ie 90 bath tab, but if prieoners ace ey
when committed, he Gest thing required of them ia to ecowe the whale
person, ‘They efton desire 4o wash the whole person, and are thea
falways prosided with » bucket of ater for the puipose, Clothes
‘washed once © werk; blaukets once fortnight of ouce « month, second
{ng to civcomstancce, Ventilation wretched

{THE COUNTY PRIEOSS. Bt

Lighting: ~The prison fe eufictently Lighted in the daytime from tho
windows, but u0 light ie allowed at night, exeopt whew eieknoss ro
eating Back room baa « woul stove ia it.

Disspline—ReSeuctery prisoners are ethos lke iw thelr owe ols,
or, ifthonght necessary, ina datkened cull, Dut one person hae been
put in irons for three Years. Moral agencies are constantly employed
By Me. Barnes and hie wife, the later often talking to the female ple
foners. Friendly connsel, kind treetment, and eympathy are generally
found effective in secaring good conduct

‘Stwiten Iinexe-—Any noise made by prisowces in their eolly can be

by the keeper ins hed room. =

‘Syaatin of the Seres.—Dannot see edch other, let can hold commn=
ication together.

Classifoation—Dronkards ave vagrants ere kept in ove coors cri-
nols in another; debzore and witnesses ina third and the wonen in a
fourth,  Witnocsee, if rwapeetable, are allowed to take their meals with
the keepe’s fanily

Trennify---Only ono ease during the year, He was committed for
robbing « Kenrooet, but was either insano oF feigued insanity #0 skill:
filly a8 to bo sent to the aryl, frm which he effctad his oecape

dail at Rome:

Prison Busting. —Esected in 1849, Desotibod ia Inst report, aad no
change sino,

“oplaenof Priaers.—Nowo exe caaning and whitewashing
Pe fens of Intel Culture—No Wbeary and no instruction. The
ieeper often lends books to the prisoners, and allowa them the nee of
the papers taken by himself,

‘eligi Indraction—There axe no Bibles belonsiag to he prison,
lat the jailor feuds them Bibles whenever ealled fir. A benevolent
lviatian lady who tau now left the place, los heretofore been in the
abit of visting the jail every Sabbath afternoon, and holding a rele
ilove service with the priaonees, cousating of reading the gcriptaren,
feshortation, prayer, ead singing} after which ele conversed with them
personally. Sho vomsined altogether sbuxt an hour in the jail Her
Faluonce was most happy wpon the prlsoaets, who spoke of ber to the
‘committee with much respect

‘Detory.—Two meals day, at 8 A.M. and 4 P.M. Breakfast: pork
‘or boef, and broad, with water for Gru, and occasionally vegetables,
Suppor: mash and sulk in aumomoe and. mish and molasse in winter
Fresh ment once a week

Sanitary Condition —Uhe health of the prisoners was good on the dag
of inspection, as itis for the most part at other times. Venerealalfc-

siz REPORT ON

tions and tremens ar the most common disesses. One prisoner died of
‘tho lattor during the year.

Cleantivess—A good supply of water hy pails, Prisoners required
to wash, Soap, combs, and towela provided, No ancans of Bathing.
Prinoners’ clothes waalied weekly j Bedding once a fetnight, Vermin
iwete reported ax sbvording last year ibis year, wo vere told, dares
swas none. Jail whitewathed several tines during tho. yoar

“Leghting—Sulicienty light inthe daytine om te wintlowe lighted
at night by one gas bicner for aboot an hoor,

Heating Wood, stoves,

Discipline —Locking in thele own cals or in darkened cell and put
ting on irons are the ouly panishments; and theye are not often nedes

The labore of the lsd before refersed to ace ad to have had
‘pon the discipline.

‘Sudden Mines a Night-—Toe jnilor sleep m0 year as to seadily bear
any noise male in the cells

‘Scpurion of the Sexes-—It i complete, they Being confined in dtfer-
cent buildings

Crawsifiation —Nove attempted

Insanily.—Bloven mane persons were committed for eats. keeping:
by offices, and sent 49 the almshoose,

32, Osoxpaca Covwer.

‘The jal of thin eomnty, a8 mentioned in the report. of ast your, ia kept
sn tho sume building, and is undar the sume government aa the penites
tiary, ‘The committee do not, therefore, peopa9e an extended report
"The jails simply a house of Sotention, and hone are ever enxfines {a
this department who are-vnderzoing’a santence on eamvictin, No work
is repaired ofthe jall prisoners, bt anch as chose to work with the pet
ontiary priamers are. pormitted 9 do so. Abont one-third clect to
svork, in which ease thay have to be enhject to all the rales and regala-
tions of the penitentiary

88, Ovranto Covey.

Prison Building —Erected in 1816 ; material, stone, Dimensions, 80
feet by 60 font. Tt han 16 cells, cight fect by tives anda half, aud
seven fest high. Te cannot be regarded as very socuce, ‘Three escapee
were effected during the year by sewing off tho iron gratings of the
windows

‘Enyloyment—No regular occapation, Persons do ttle jobs about
the jail, as eavring wood, cleaning and whitewashing jail, ete

“Wease of Eduentin—No library al present. ‘There was a brary,
bt the prisoners wsed the books in Tigit ing Brea, and destroyed them in
ther ways, The sheriff Inde the prisonors uewepapere, and sometimes
oaks. One prisoner read the whole four volumes of the documentary

‘mn COURTY ERIWORS, 818

history of Now York, and at the dato of our visit was engaged in read-
{ng Shakpesre, No secular intenction is iaparied,

“Religions Ditrwesion—A Bible ie kept in each eal, which is enpplied
by the county,  Sherify Munaon saya that, am the law roqulres this, be
provides the Biblea when necessary, and presente the bill to the super
visors and they pay it. ‘The "Meesengoen are recaived and distrit-
Zed, nod hy some read with great interest. ‘The abewi himaelf, az
Hated ly hie bretiven in the Mettodiat chuveh, beld a prayermesting of
the peieouere every Sabladh daring the summor of 1804, Hie wile and
aogier take mich interest ia tho prisoners, and often talk and pray
Srith then. A Chriatian lady held @ Sabbatlexchool i the jail fr abot
Four months. We did not learn vehy it wan discontinoed

‘Dieiary-—Swo meals, Broaktast: wale beef snd bread, with wap and
coffee, and sometines potatoes enough ie given for two meala, | Sop

‘rend and milk, oF mush’ and mill’; ono aboot as often as the

‘Senary Condition. No elcknesa at the date of inapection,
generally good, No fevers. Aw wanal venereal and tremens moat com
mon complaints.

‘leentinzee— Water i troweht Into the fll In pail, ‘There i @ good
supply of thia element inthe prison yard, which might be readily intr
{duced by 4 pomp. This je an fmpravement which enght to be mado.
‘Tho privinera are rognived to. wash every snoring. Roap, cmb and
towels are provided, alte a razor, ‘There fe no batletub j but the men
‘oar wash the whole perso if they choose, and many do-9o. A barrel of
iter water fa carried into the prison every morning, and there is
‘large tub, which can be used for ablation. The prisoners wash their
‘own clothes weekly. They have facilites fur beuting water, Soap 00d
fat irons are provided by tho county, The bed clothes are uflen taken
‘outside aud alrd, and are washed (20 [t waa reported tows)" whenever
Bey get dicty") ‘The fora are scrubbed once a wook or oftener. The
cella are whitewashed wonthty 5 the prison walle ree or four snes a
‘year. ‘There isa good deal of tronble from bed bug, Selphur fumes
‘re used to fight thom,

“Ligiting.—Well lighted from the windows in the dey time, No ight
fnenslied by the county wt night. ‘The prisouera cv allowed to provide
‘emeelves with light, and often ase the privilrge.

“Heating —Tho Jails heated by three coal stoves, which aro said to
Icey it sficont warm im winter

Divcipine.~Moral means are usel almost exclusively. The only po-
fhment employed ie confiaement withia cella, "Thia noon Liings pie
‘ners to subinigion,

‘Budden Minera ot Night-—A trusty prioner i left in the hall at ight,
Ho can hear any call from the cella and oouvey it tothe keeper, who
Hepa near by.

sit REPORT ON

Seperation of the Seren —Vory imperfect, as in many other jute
Withot sveing ono another, they can converse together to any extent
ey please, lsu the worst wad most demoraining feature fa tho
foe sheriff Munson

fusnly—-Two Ineane pereons were committed for safe Keeping til
snitahie roviion could be made for them elacwrhere, One was nat to
Uiin, al the other taken by bie fends

34, Onaxce Coxe

ployment of Pritnera—Tiay hare no emplay:nent, Yat their time
fn apt in idlgnes, Sinatings they are sett work to clean and
“Mhllewash the jah andthe female prigonee asst in coking ad ware
Jog the bedding aid clothes

"Vea of Ztetectal Catire —Theve fs no brary Ta lier pig, tat
tho sherdl occasionally given thom the seca papera to reed. ‘This
peilloge la highly value by them, "No secular fateaction i ever
Tivaried to avy of thon

‘ane of edits Chiture-—There i Bible euppied by the county,
foreach call, at Newburgh Tha jal at Goahen was formerly supplied
fvith one in each el, but they have buen destroyed or cared away by
the petoners unt the stock retuced to wsingle Testament, Rew. Me
Merray preaches (ote prisoners inthe Newtuegh jal on the morning of
Eeety Sabbaths ‘The prleoners spoke of hin with action, ‘They rally
Seem tn enjoy Ns mlastrationg and a few cases of permauent. good
Sppene to lnve resulted fm ie labore, In addition to preaching, bo
iEhte frequent private conversations with thom, and distributes tracla
Many every Satbaih, We wore much cheered ty the persevering and
seltaleying lors of thi exellent maa, and we hope his example may
te llowed by ono er moro cf the clenymen in every commty fn tat
State "With the exception of Ale Alrryy, very few of tho religions
oploof Newburgh ever visit the Jll or tke any interes ints inmates:
Petron Ditary—Thvee. meats. Breskfust, at Newburgh jails 136
tycadand meat; diver: bread and so, and vegutablenocasionaly
renpts mer and molaaee, At Goat the fare Se tho same, except
weePetowodaye inthe week trou and otatnon Fs battated for oust

‘Sentary Condition Tho condition of the Newbee jal fn moet
respects gory bade Tein inthe basement of the cour he and whl
Tnath the general serlace of the. ground, alehough an aren six fst
‘wide is exeaeatod un the worth sid, which romoven i from dest com
Tact with Uw ground, he windows or gratloge sre op the north side,
efhun tho dee aye ofthe sun can never enter Do ull. The ac
‘he jal always damp andthe odor very dengrecable. We have never
fara in ang jal whor tho smell was more fepulsive. ‘There iss wate
Covet i each cally A gua ight ie kept burning day and night and

‘THR COUNTY PRISOKE, 315

coal stove is always burning, in summer os well ae winter, Without
{his it would seareely be habitable. At the tine of our visit, eight men
swore condoed all day and night ina eoll containing sixteen hundred
ule ft of air, This cell bas two windows 25 taches by 19 inches,
Alouble grated, which open into the area eontsining a hen enop. This ts
fal the ventilation it has. Bach of the othor cells haa one window of the
fame aiza, ‘Tora women, and sometines three, sleepin theso cells, which
fenitain 610 enbie fest of air. Tn ont opinion, thee oxlls are tery
‘unét for the habitation of human beings; especially when they are 20
uch overcrowded as they commonly are, This is tho more to be
earetied, av the jail at Goshen is larger and much botter ventilated,
fod we can #80 n0 obstacle to the tranatbe of most of the prisonors to
(hat jl

“Aithoogh almost every law of hyaione fs violated fa the structure of
the jail itis proper to any thatthe shor, the tarnkey and the physician
al jostfy that the health of the prisoners ix ond,» Nodiecasos hriginate
‘there and those who aro dizcharged are better in boalth than when they
fame in, The physician says tut the complainta principally treated
tre delitiam teemens and the veneseal disease, Sometimes whon prise
fuera ate brought there they have fasted for a loog time, and then they
fat vordciously, which causes dovsngement of the bowele; this ylelda
‘ery easily to tvatient, and ia about all that calla for the intervention
of a physician,

‘The {nil st Goshen i dey, well ventilated, and, if properly managed,
wow be very bealihy. ‘The privies empty into sink, which sometimes

ses an impure odor bat thie could be easly remedied by conducting
‘the rain wats falling on the roof into w tank in the atti, watch would
falwaye. Keep it ewect end clean, ‘The pligsician of this jail tstiea to
the same state of fuels as the physician at Newburgh, ‘The rome dis-
‘eae prevail ese as there, andthe jal enjoys the sane exemption from
fevers, thenmatiam, and pulmonary diseases, Every cell ia lighted and
ventilated by « window 10 inches by 27 inches, "The two corner cella
hago two of these windows, and itis 0 arvanged that the air cizculates
frooly in every pact of the building.

leaafiness—Water fo intcoduced into the Newbargh jail by pipes

from the outside, and eau Le obtained at pleasure by turing a cv
the eareidor, The woinen are admitted jnto the coreidor during bal
fay, and the men the other half. Hach cell is supplied with pail, in
which they ean carry in water when they are lacked into their ell,
‘Therein a sink ia the corridor, whece they ean wasl when they desire it
Trere is no imperative rule whicl requires the prisoners to wash ut
ated tines; Une if any one appease diety, the jailor reavires hima to
‘wash, and stands over him until he is thoroughly clqan. No water can
De procured at the Goshen jail except what is brougiit in pails from
the ovtside. "In other respects it iw the wame ae the Newburgh jail.
Soap, towels, aud ragors are provided by the county at both jails.

816 REPORT o¥

‘Ther i generally some planer In dh ll who kaos hw in share
who shaves those who cannot shave the Thay gonerally have
ube of thar owa, but mhon they have not the sheriff provides thom,
‘There are no means of bathing at either joi, and great inconvenience fs
cauced ty the deficiency, Tr #9 be hoped that tho nest board of
fyervioors will consent to make en appropriation for Uathing tobe
‘The prisonora wash heir own clothes once a week, and the bed clothes
fare washed onco in three wezky ia summer, and in winter once in ox
‘wooks ; they appeared clean at the time of wr visit,

“Lighting —Tue jail at Newburgh is very Inipefectly lighted. ‘There
fa window in each call, to in the cuminon room, all facing the north,
sone in tw conrdr facing. the west bat owing tothe tice of
‘the walls very Ito light penetrates throgzl then. Ti dificult to see
to eal even in Uriga weather, and aioet impossible in a clndy das
Teig necesoary to buen a gas light all day in the corridor
algo kept bueaing all night, ahd fe the only one in the prison

Heating The Noborigh prinon i= heated by one coal stows in the
orridorj Dut we deem lt Insufichent im old winter weather to heat the
Tange coll where the men are confined, There acs two coe stoves in the
‘Goshen priavn, which we shonld suppose amply sufficient to make it
‘omforiable.

Discipline of the Privons.—Uoeking in celta and privation of food
aro tho ouly puvishmonts vesorted to. There ia no dack cell in either
Jail No moral means, os far ac we wore informed, aro used to secure
‘good conduct,

Suden Hess —Uhero is no dificaty at Newburgh in arousing th
Jailor in ease of sudden illness at night, a he sleep in Ue same boil
Sing; but we think that at the Goshen jail, where the jailor sleeps in 8
diferent building, mack suffering” and even death might cnwua before
fesietance could be obtained; eapecially when all the prisoners. are
Tncked in thie cella, which is sometimes the ease, Some more certain
means of ccimmenication resins demanded by launanity.

‘Siparaion of the Sezes—Thoy ave. separated sulfciently to prevent
‘thoir coming Inco pervousl contact, but they ean eee each other and
converse togetter at any time. The effect of this is exceedingly demo
ralizing. Complete islation might be very easily accured, end measres
fiught, to be fuatitated without delay Yo earry into procticn this mush
teeded reform,

(tassfcation—There ie really no clamsification whatever among
prisoners of the same tex, and the want of it makes our common jallt
chools of vice fantend of ruformatory agencies,

85, Onzrane Covsry,

Prion Building —~Beectod in 1888, ‘Tho material is stone, and the
Aimensions 80 fect by 36, There are 26 celle for male prisavers, ar

{THE COUNTY PmISONS. amt

ranged in too line, eight fst Ly four feet, and ove large room forthe
fwowen. ‘The prison ie not a secure one, Mary escapes have boon mada
in former yout, Dust none fir the last #0 oF te,

Bxployient.—None, except litle jobs about the prison,

Downs of Education. Thor ia no Ubraty attached to the prison, and
nnosceular instruction fe given. Mes, Bodvell, wife of the shri, ioans
the prinera books, s nmumber of which abe Keeps expressly for te par
post Papers ave supplied by the sheet

“Religious Tastruction,—There ie aa" peeaching, and no efforts rade by
private Clriatians, A single Bible te eapplied to the priaon by the
hes, at bis own expense

‘The Prison Didary—Twro menle a day, Breakfast : Meat or fsb,
potatoes, snd wheat bread, with water for drink. Supper: Muse and
Ink fn summer ; at athor times, pork and beans, sowp, ete, When there
tee bat one oF two fu jail, they Fecaire their meals from tho abies
‘abe,

Soniary Conditinn Thorn ware no prleoness io all atthe time of our
visit. Thu physician wus called in but twice lat year. No death oo
creed.

‘Cloantiness—Drinking wate is introduced in pais j citeen water by
‘8 pump. ‘The prieouera are required to wath, aad are provided. with
fonp, combs and towels ; also a raz, No means of bathing. Clothing
wasted wookly j blankets and oking the or four times a year, and
thebeds relied with eteaw up often, ‘Tho jul ie eerubbed every week,
‘and whitewashed spring: aud fll

Lighting and Heatirg.—Well lighted in tho day time, end candles ale
Towed uit B. M, Heated by these wood stoves,

Discipline Good aivico and kinduess wre gonerally found effective 5
In only ono oF twa instances haa a prisoner bees locke in his el for a
short time.

Suiiden liess at Night—Thore 4a no means of commnnicsting: with
the jllor fn such

‘Siparation of the Ssees—It is entve and complete here

(Cosseation.—Thore is none

Tnsenily-—One insane person was commited by « jaatiee; be stayed
‘but a short time, and waa eent to an Tosane aayhim.

5. Onarae Comerr.

Prison Building—Brected in TSK. This of atone, and Se 44 feot by
86, including the residence of the keeper, There are twa wards; one
containing thee calls, exch oight (bot by wine; and tho other fre, each
gts feet by four and a hall. Two of the latter are partitioned of for
te woinen. The jal jew wretched one

Enployrent Nove,

sis REFORT ON

Means of Eiueation.—No ibrasy and no instruction, ‘The jallor lends
the prisoners newspapers, and oseasionally books.

Religious Instruction Mere a a Bible in each ward provided hy the
cconnty. No prenching. One gentloman called dating the year, talked
and prayed withthe inmates, and distributed tenets} thet Ta all. ‘The
“Messouger ig reosived and read

Prison Divtary.—Thves meats a day. Breaklast: mest, potatoes,
‘rend, and tea with mill; sometines butter ie added Dinner the
fame, minus the toa. Sapper aus and milk ov bread and butte,

‘Sanitary Condition. —Tho health of tho prisoners was good ot the date
of inspection. One man during tho year lind a sickness lesting some
six weeks, caused by intemperauee, AIL othor times the health of the
prison has been good,

Greantiness Ther is a abundant anpply of epsing water introduced
Uy-a ydrast, The couvonionovs for wasting ate ta wash basing, and
8 drain to carry of the waste water. All are roquired to wath, Soap
combs, and towels are provided; also a rxgor. There ate no means of
Dathing. ‘The prisoners clustio, alsa their seats and pillow cases are
‘washed woolly; the comfortables aid ticking twice & years and the
straw in the beds ehunged aa cfton. ‘The jail ie whitewashed kwice a
‘ens, and serubbed as often as once a fotnigit, Not much toouble from

Lighting —Peiaonore can road ia the halle dating the day, but notin
‘heir cell. They aro allowed a candly at tight fil they ave locked in
their culls, which fs generally about 9 ofeluek,
‘Heating,—Tho jai fe warmed by Datee wood stoves,
Dizopline~Bat ove prisoner waa praished duriog the year, Te was
ocked in his cell ove day, asd When iroved at his own request, Kind
treatment is found sabivient,

Sudden Tlese at Night—Prisoners taken il at wight could not asily
communioate with the keeper.

Separation of the Ssees—They can eueverse together without se
strsin.

Ctastfeation None, eseopt that dabtora ave oonfined by themselves
A boy veas alae shut 3p alone,

87, Osweco Coury,

[The commitios eubmit the following paper of the local committee a8
thei report for this eownty:

‘Wo, the undaraigned, neal committoe for the county of Oswego of the
Naw York Prison Association, report ax follows:

‘The county of Oawego ie divided into two shines, invnlving the exist
fenco of two court houses and two jails. ‘The efly of Oswego apd the
‘illage of Pulaski sre the pots where they se teapectivelysitunted

‘NHB COUNTY PRISONS. 319

Onwego being & lake and onnel por aod & large town, most of the
ceininal business of the cooaty cooters there. ‘Tho rural parts of the
county aro meannably fre fhom crime, eb, even ta Ue el
SSoouot of criminal busines ts not lange. Very fow mllomoators of
Innzoitude core unde th coguizane of the cours, while mt of the
Senvietions are for dieonerly conductor minor ofeece demanding, on
the average 4 peually of not more fan Gree months imprlgcomest in

The jal st Oswego Ss ilualed on the eet side of the river a the
nerihern part ofthe ven, on an elevation whieh overlooke the arbor
lind the ke. The position Se cepesally a healthy one. “The JS}, atone
Talldn of moderate Ginensione, ie aboot Aten years of. Tt faces
‘reef po to strech, ane fended on tho auth side by a high
tral On th rear and on te sont ede fa‘ small yard, woh fa tow
{wed fora garden ond dowestic purposes. Porto th ails very come
{ortably fed up and eooeupied by tho depuly sheriff the county,
‘bo ih, wi one wenstant, enabled bo tae charge ofthe prtone®,

ho ful a fn good order, aad eas wel pe na crounatanoce wil
yermit; forthe building itself ia am tndirent one, poorly aeranged and
Tealy ventilate. ‘Tho frat flor contains twelve singl ells, which are
cecupied exclusively by males. ‘Pho second floor hus six double cll,
Shi fe devoted fo the uso of foals, AM! tbe ell ave ferninbed with
con grated dots, simply accord Hy bolt, Ya and Tock. ‘The cls are
ffeqoeully whitewae, a ove other perl of the bling, and evry.
thing is Mopt nett and clean. “The uel want of privy arrangements fe
Cteutvable buckets being almost entively neds the priaaners beng re
ated to earty ont their Uuckets once @ day clean and retum them 10
tho eal with line

sa the ors of the ells fee upon windows erons te La, the ella
ave ulliently light during the day. At night lompe are kept urting
in the hale, spd the prisoners are eomtimer pormited to have candles
inthe celle in onder that they uay read but tho lator Je not the eter

ou; Hee eather s Favor orlended to provera an 9 rome for govd
conduc, ‘Tho building thronghiont bs warmed, whon necessary, by coal
Stoves, aud fs mado quito comfirtabl.

‘he prisoners use ther own cloiking, ood if that be not eulicien,
ncagh oninary clothing ie aupplied.Cleslinens iy exacted; complete
bathing of the person and chang of aside drove being required once
ek

"he fod ie good and abundant, Brea (oneshind Indian and two-
‘birds whist), meng and eof ae fennel for breakfast; rend oat,
aad vogetabes for dane; and bread and men or padding and milk
{orsupper, No felt weer found with rogurd to. quatity or quality
offing ents ae taken in the hala

‘The prisoners are locked np abot dark, and are et out ely fn the

rmoming into the halls, whese thoy clean themsolzes end indeed pans
oat of thee Line

Very litle work is now done by prienners, Formerly they were em
ployed fu bottoming chaise under the contract system, bat the contractor
Baving withdsawn, the men are only omployed at times ia cleaning the
setacets or in doing serie work within the jal Tats,

"The general beliavior of prisoners hove fe ead to bo good. Very Te
punishment is needed, ‘The dark cell for an hour of two, or tie yoke
Fora vory short tine ace employed, bat at long intereals, The women
fe sometimes locked up in their ells and tas disciplined. ‘They are
toce troublesome to aanage than the me

Visitors are uedinarily permit to see the prisoners in the presence

Tetlers under inspection are poraitiod to bo writen wnd

received
One of the plysicians of the city is attached to the jal and rondere
necessary medical attendance, The health af the prisoners ix said to be

‘generally good, except that the ryphilis peovalls to aome extent, e=po-
Gilly among the wotuen, mast of whom ate detained for prostitution,

Records of the prison are Kept, but no account is taken of the unteces
dents of prisoners

‘No Sunday services are held inside the jail, and no oral instenction is

"The Bible, the American Measeuger, and Look from some of
‘Sunday schoo! librasies of the elty are farnised tothe prieoners and
fre fecely read by thom. ‘They are aleo allowed the ase of such ordinary
owspapers aa are taken by the depaty shcti,

‘There are usually in the jail deserters frum the army, temporally
held tre until they can bo sent forward to Uso pointe indicatod by the
proper oficer, AM presout the numaber of prisoners proper ia seven mules
fand twelve: fewales,

‘Good order prevails, and the jell ema to be kept in proper state,
indeed ia a better state than might be expacted ia viow of the bad ven
tation whieh can only be partially eortected. The jail, however, Is on
too limited a seale, and the terme of imprisoamont are generally too
shortthe offences being ondinarily of a minor charscter—to allow wack
to be done towards ameliorating the characters or amending the morals
(of those confine

Tne jail a Pulaski, wo are informed by tbe dopaty shorif has no pris
‘oners at prosent wad in only ned a8 & place of tomporary dotontion. It
fs inferior to the jail at Oavwego,
aly, 1864 Gx, €, MoWnorren,

Guuient Mossase,
AvP. Grav

38, Posxan Counrr.
“Fimploymentof the Prisonare.—None whatever; they are not even ein
laged in cleaning tho jal,

Bal

Moana of Iillestuel Culture-There is no Wbrary ia the prlion, but
the berif lends the prlaooers the county papers and books fkom hia own,
Iibrary. They never tear or injure thom in any way, and they esteem
the loan a very great privilege. No secolar instruction is given.

‘Ralgious Insruction.—There was a supply of one Bible to each ll
bout two Catholic pelsoners destroyed them all. "Thora is now one Bible
Jn the ments prison and one in the women's, aopplied by the sheriff at his
own expenee, No clergyman ever preaches to the pelaonera or vi
them, nor do any luymen sia ehe Jail for the purpose of communicating
instaction oF comfort.

Priwn Dizary.—Thero ie no rule in rolation to this matter, The
shift supplies them from his own table'and they have just the same
ts he docs, receiving az much as they ask for

‘Sonilary Condition—No deaths have ocourced during: the past year,
and no diseases have appeared fa the prison requiring the seevices of a
piyician, exeopt venereal dicoases contracted bofore tele entrance into
the prison, The ventilators in the colle communicate with a chimncy and
raw wells if they wore larger, the ventilation wosld be wuflient; as
its, (eis fur auperior to most jails. Theve ia no dampnoss; the corri-
ore ace well lighted; and the building is probably mach better calen-
Iated forthe presorvation of health than are most of the private houses
in th village of Carmel. There is 4 seater clogot In each cell, supplied
hry nvrain water tank in the upper part of the building. No offensive
‘odor was perceptible,

Clesnlinees Tho shor desorves great oredit for the neatness and
‘order which reign within the prison, Thore has never boen any trouble
from bedings, evckoaches or lioe, and the whole appearance of che Jail,
isan peat as private hoaxes usually are, The sheets an pillow casos
vere perfectly white, and the othor bedelothes wero clean and sweet,
‘Tho beds are of strawt; the bedstead are of iron and ewing on the wall
‘Thove is 8 wash-basin in the ootridor, which is aupplied with water by
slply turning aeoek. The prisoners tre compolled to wash themselves
Itthey do not doit voluntarily. They mostly do it without compulsion,
‘he only exception being bays. Soap, combs, coarse towela and razor
are supplied by the county, There if no bathiag tab in the prison, but
in all othor rogpects there are abundant facilities for washing, and the
pretereation of cleanliness. ‘The prisoners clothes are washed weekly
A the Uedeluthes ouoe in two weeks,

Lighing.—The eoreidors of the prison aro well lighted and are sulle
ieatlyaigy, ‘Tho men’s prion has six windows, 28 inches by 19 inchos.
Too women's roms have one window of the earce size in each, They
ate allowed candles until 9 fetoce

Jeaing.—There is one onal stove ia the men's ward and one in each
of the women's rooms, which ere ald to be suficieat to Eeop tho whole
$s comfortably warm in he coldest weather

Assen, No. 62.) aL

sue COUNTY PRISONS,

322 REPORT Ox.

Discipline, —No punishsnonts are ever Gafleted except locking in the
cells, and this has only been dove to ona man. The cll doors are locked
fat 9 clock P.M. and unlocked at 7-A. ML. When the prisoners are in
fo trial offences, they are not locked ia thote calls at al

‘Sudden Ilness at Night-—There avo acouetic tubes leading from each
cecil tothe jails sleeping 00m; he ean therefore heur their conversa
Gon distinctly. Hf a man is taken wick, bo can communicate
Jello: aa ensily wp though he slope in the same room with him,

‘Separation of the Sovre.—Thete axe gratings on the doors which sepa-
rato the men from the wouen, kept opea for purposes of ‘yontlation,
“Althongh they eannot see each other, hey ean reall

(Ciseifoation—Thero ia none acioroplad; all associate together.

Pricon Building Erected in the year 1860, ho old jail of Putnam
county ix well remembered by some of Uae members of this committe,

taken sick at aight there was no way of commanicating with bin. C
federates could communieato ih prisoners at night at pleasure, and
supply thein with liqnor of tole Just as thoy pleased. It was dirty ill
Ventilated, und ax bad in all respects as a Jall could be, Tho aupor
Yisors of Putnam county deserve great orelit for the really execllont
Jail with which, ata considerable expense, they have replaced the old
‘one, ‘Tho arrangements of the new building are unique and, ia moat
respects, adinrable, Tee connected with the court house, in whieh the
jailor resides, Tes 80 foot ly 40 fect, und is cight feet nine inches bigh
Between the Hor and ceiling, ‘The walla are two and hal fet in tick
ness, end built ap with very lange stones, ‘There ara two rooms on the
eastern side, walled off for the une of the women, ove of which is eight
feot by ton fan, the other teu foot aquaze. In the center of the remais
ing space is an octagon 20 feet in diarneter, made of heavy boiler icon
Within this are eight triangular colla, eight fect Tong at the bose; the
sidea sro nine feet long and eight feet nine Snches high, The water
Gloset is placed in the apex of the triangle. ‘The bed is of irom and
rings on one side, The door of the eell communicating with the corr
or is, of come, situated at the base, and opporite to the bed. Hach
tell ns & shelf, anda ventilator near the top, which communteates with a
himuoy. ‘The dealt is wo strong that the fame of match is iactantly
extinguished aud the smoke drawn strongly inward. It is of insuficient
ize, but in other reapocts it worke wll. Tho oells ary Hned with three
boards, secured by hoop ito, bolted through the boiler i
oor rvousists of broken stone, five inches thick, oovered with a
smooth coat of cement, Lange flags would bave boon better, and in the
ong run cheaper. ‘The cel is formed of solid timber, bolted together
fond faced with lath and plaster. ‘Tho eell dnors are secared at the top
ey are scented

bby hasps and. brass padlocks, which algo prevent the looks from boing

SME COUNTY PRiso 323

wored, The otter door eof grated fron, and there fea thick woeden
Tor ontie of th
TE wold be well oonstion intending to baild ew jails to study
tin conetreton of thie. The otagen sttogement night be ashetea
resto bv four tee wich motile lenge enoughtue oat of ta
counties in the State, = =
uuruy—-To she asi, if 8 very strong all. Tis walls would,
wre tht, bid dane to ihe etmoatefrts of jit reno, noc cond
Tey, with anything ike wigiance onthe pare of the Jtlor, dig though
fhe door o eng ‘Thay can oly get en of tha sols by eotig the
Hola which arco the iil ples tele, If tis way steeped
tit cal sol wold take nie ooowgh to alarm alle vege
TW atiompted with a wash apring sev the nolee would bo dats
sue by nana of the acoetets in the jlo aeeing woe
Bal ichas some weak points, which might be anended by the Scpoede
ture of scseperatvey small tune Tie pallet ered ease sealy
Picked othe ote lates pied ff ‘The paocke made a Pid
ia tho Wertshenter prism, sould be rulatated foe tee,
Thin and weak Heeny
seupee cls bo made tng to water elt drat; bat we bat gt
td the sherf did ot anderen tho arrangement he
2 doot i dangeoca forthe alloy atthe prisoners can, eoacol
iiemacteos wiles gard ot witout tle knowledge There hs bone
fone escape during the past yon Ono very dutk and atormy Nght, the
jnilor wont into lock tho ells.” One of th prigoners necrted hinsel?
ina drk eober, aad while to jtlor wan tacking. the cll be eUppad
‘ut of tho feout door. He was pussund; bat, owing to the storm and
the dacs, he clad pura att was fever vote,
39, Quer Corry
Enployment of Briers —oore en compseoy oecopation, Si
tines they naw wood, clean the Jo, snd do oer Hide work abuat he
oo,
‘Matus of Ravcaton.—Thore ls brary, and no scala lesena are
imparted.‘ shelf forniies to prnotrseccsenall with now

Means of Religious Cutture —Thore axe no Bibles in the jail. One
gentleman from Brushvillo has visited the prisoners and hed religious
conversation with them twice during: the year. With this exception,
‘they have hed no voligious instruction what
Bread and gravy, with coffe.
Dinner : Poul ar boet, with potatoes of sorte other vegetable, and broad,
On Fridays gh is substituted for the above. In summer, mush and
Dols given for sper
‘Sanitary Condition —The jail i situated upon a eandy soit, with good
‘rainage, and is open ow all'sidea to the air. The eotridare aud larger

324 gpont ox

call can be wel ventlte by opening tho windows, but the calls have
So voutfation whatever” Tho provaling,dveaaen trated are, fo
Ios fala, tho venereal and Uairiom tremens. Wo cowl not Ieara
thee any case of daeeco hud originated within the wall of the jal
ucng the post yon

‘Ganache water required for drinking and washing i erred
snafu pall aily Tip baninw and soap for alaton ae provided, bat m0
towel: Tho pisoners aro roqured to keep themselves clean, The
tre ne means of bathing. Revove aro faruised when needed, They
Sash their own cles soften a they choosn todo eo. Thai Bankote
Tod bedtioke tro washed Uriee «year tthe expenso of the conty
They aro not tllowed either sheet cr pllow eases ‘The ptison fie
feaued with bodbuges ‘Th eila and corridors ate kept ceo, and the
night tubo were in good condition

Saokiing Thereare seo windows inthe wpe, and two inthe lower
corr af de prison in ve of th court boage bag, and one window
{cach ofthe large ronma ofthe przon inthe main buting, They are
tutallowed to have any light at nigh, except incase of sickoes,

“Hasing—The lower envtider of ht adition f heated Dy ome col
su Pie pipe paneer into the upper on, and thie tho only mode
of ernie if ehioh must wey Ve lowaicient, ‘Th Targe Tome of
the main building aro cach ented by « coal stove

‘DinipuineTs one cae a prisoner wae rxtited to bread and water,
ani in to cen prieoers weve chained to the Soot; tho are he only
tesco of dveipline daring the pet sear

‘Sudden Incest Night-—Toe keapor can. bo aroused ot any time by
boating om the cll doors

‘Sparation ofthe Soces—Tho female prisoners can goo and converse
win tne mal prisoners conind in the als he main balding. Two
Tells ave recent been builtin the garot of the main building for fe
Sioa whore they ave completely fnoated from the men; but these sre
overused exept when th prison in wery moch overrode

‘taifeaton of Prvonera~in to report last ar iti stated that
es attompte at eaten Jn tm pion, “There wat
Rong of he kind thie year. Whites and nogrocs, red and untried
Jonna old were indoriminstely thrown together

rcoty-One tage wan was cemmied on charge of assent ad
rattny, was eure of hiv fosnity nthe jal, and served st is
rrerze "Gar inaawe wowen wae cooBibd for want of bal to keep the
sence sho tt her ellen Sire, and nourlybaroed down the bail
Bie thcmerea er aunty, and was discharged by tho court

‘Prnon BuidingBrestd in 1778. Ten bait of wood, 60 fot ong,
aud 65 fst dary The rer building costs ofan wpper and lower em
idee, wit four cll in each te fect by ix fet, each ying a double

ead’ Mere are Sve ecta in the seoond wory of the main buidiog.

‘THE COUNTY PRISOXE,

Ove of those is fifteen fect by nine fect ; one twelve feet aquare ; one
ten foct square, and two neven and a hall feet by nine feet,

‘Security —There have been na escapes frm the prison during the past
yar, but they have been feequent ia former years, The locks ere poor,

‘The gratings are single and of soft iron, which can be eusily pried oF
‘sawed off. No prisoner that really Intended to escape conld be gonfned,
fn the building, unless he was constantly watched. ‘The isolated portion
‘of the jall makoe it easy for confederates on the outside to release thelr
fronds, and it iain constant danger of being burned down,

Remarks —Tho county clerk's olfiee is at Jamaien, the county treas-
uror's at Hempstead, end the jail—North Hempatead, three miles fom,
any town oF village. This county has really no county seat,» Te would
bo desirable for both citizens and strangers to have all the county build-
Jngs in one place—either et Jamaica or Hempstoad, We did-ant find,
fd we failed to awaken much interest in the eriminal affairs of the
‘coonty. Thobe whom we conversed with weomed to regard the matter
‘as not worth attention ; at least, wot of theirs,

40, Rexssetarn Counry.

Privon Building—Tho jail of Rensselaer county ix of brick, tree
stories high, and waa erccted in 1896. It-has a front of 60 feot on
Ferry street and 45 on Fifth ateoct, The Sst floor and basement are
appropriated to the use of tho sborif for a residence aud office. ‘The
‘oro upper stories are used for the confinement of prisoners. The drstof
these—second story—has three lange rooms, and eight cella, one of the
rooms boing appropriated to female pritoners. ‘The thied story has four
Tange rooms, and four single cells, one oft 19 Boor be-
low, being devoted to the women, The jail is a wretched concern,
quite unworthy of the large snd wealthy county for which i afords al,
the prison accommodations the ssid county possesses; even children, ar-
rested for vagrancy, begging, and other minor offences, being, of neces
sity, confined there with felons of tho moat degraded and deaperate
character. It is il-arranged, iloventilated, insecure, cramped, affords
abundant facilities for communication by the inmates with the’ ontside
world, but nono for the proper elastifcation of the prisoners, and bas no
suitable room for the holding of religions services.” The present ster,
Me. J.F. Battorshall, we beliere, dacs the best he ean to keep the jail
‘oan and in good condition, and bis regime in a groat improvement oa
former times ; but he lacks the proper materiale to work with. We.
cannot too earnestly arge upon the citizens of Renseelaer county the inte
portance of taking immediate stepa towarda the erection of a new and
improved jail. Justice, humanity, religion, and aoand policy allKe die.
tate an early attontion to thi subject,

Baployment.—The prisoners hare no employment, except occasion

826 REPORT O%

ally in sawingg woo forthe jail, or in whitewashing the walls and cele
og.

“Means of Intlisctul Culture,—"There ia no Wbsery, and no provision
for soenlat instruction of the prisoners

Moana of Beligious Culture Tue religions interests of the inmate of
‘this jail have been, for several yeure past, under the eare of the Young
Men's Christian Assoctation of the city of Troy, by whom mectings ave
boon regularly bold every Sabbath morning in the upper ball of the
prison. Thore is preaching at these nervices by the diferent pantore of
tho city, or by the city miasionary emplayed by the Aasocistion, Me
bers ofthe several chur choirs, especially ehristin ladies, huve often
bea present and sang at these mectings, «service which Ing added
realy to the interest and Iinpressivenens of the exervises, Christian
torchants, bankors, lawyers, and nechanice have testified their intereat
In these benevolent labors by theit presence upon various oceasions. Nhe
{Young mea, in thoir printed reports, says “Aw the words of divine tee
‘enuess, or the songe of christian worship, have rosounded theongh that
prison hall, rough hearts bave been touched, and strange tears, eonraing:
owa erimomoulded fentavea, have been eloquent of remembered ioe
cence and sineere contrition. At the conclasion of the nervices, religions
‘tracts and papera havo beon regularly distributed to the prisoners. The
Aseociaton are under many viligations to the familie who have Kindly
prororvod tnd furniahed theso periodicals, which may be as bread ro-
‘tums, thongh east upon turbid waters.”

tis much to bo segretted that the effet of serviens, 20 well intended
fend a0 assiduodely performed, is matred 3f not thwarted Dy the subse-
quent promigcaoua association of the prisouere, The committee were
‘secured by tho uffcere of the prison that acarcely have the gentlemen,
‘engaged in this work and labor of love, left the hall and descended the
stairs, boforo the evil disposed among the priaonere begin to jeor, and
eof, and make sport of what has beeo said or dane, Good impressions
are aften mado, as is proved by the preceding exizact from the Socisty
reports, ax well as ly other statements contained in them; bot they cam
hardly fail to be speedily effaced amid such scenes of tibald Llagphomy-

Bibles are supplied for tho nse of the prison inmates by the Rensselaer
County Bible Society. The tan enpies of the Amerieen Messenger, seat
by Mr. Z. Stiles Ely, through the Prison Association, aro roeeived and
distributed monthly, and are read with interest by the prisoners.

‘The Prison Dislory.—Two meals s dsy are provided. » For breakfa
meat (Tesh or salt), wheat brend, potatoes, and coffee awectened with
molasses. For supper the provision varies. Oe Sunday, itis the same
‘as breakfast; on Tuesdays and Fridays, Bean soup (made of heef shank)
fand bread; on the other days, mush and molasses,

‘Sonitary Condition, —The health ofthe prisoners was good at the date
of inspection. A plysician is employed by the county, at a salary of

‘THE COUNTY Pattoxs. 82%

£8980, for which he provides the necessary medicines, as well as renders
his own services, whonever sent for. Disenaea very rarely originate in
the prison, excopt colds nd diarehasa, Delirium tremens and venereal
fare the most common complaints,

Pentlation and Cheanliness-—There is no ventilation except throng

aie throngh the cols
larly ot the calls a fol, and

‘The whole prison, we
‘once «month; but there ie more or less whitewashing: done every week.
‘The reloen, effected in thie reepect by shelf Battershall, ie n0 leas
rare than it i comm

Ther
‘econ tory, aad water ia cartied to the
prisoners, whenever called for, ty & man stationed in tho hal, hint
fan inmate of the jail, Tin basing sre fatnished for washing, bait ix
eft optional with the pritoners to wash themeelves oF not; though i a
‘man chowld bo found vary dirty, ho would, we wore informed, bo com
ella to perfor the operation,

Soap le provided; aleo towels (used fncommon), bat no combs, There
‘are no means provided for bathing the whole person, nor is this ever
done

Prisoners are furnished hy the county with « razor for shaving, which
operation they must perform for and. upon. themselves, unless they hire
fa barber to come to the jal end do it for them; which, indeed, ig often
Sone,

All the priuimoes oko wesw @ (ob) have their underelothes washed
covery Monday. Nelther sheots nor pillow cases are provided for the
bbedy; ouly blankets; and these are washed but two or thece times a
reat, wot enowgl for health or eloaaliness,

Lighting end Heatixg.—The prison is well Lighted, during the day,
oagh the windows, Tvis Highted by gas ot wight, one baruer boing,
opt full head om throughout the whole night

The two female wards are heated ly wood stoves; the rest of the jail
by sternace, Iie made comfortable, oo the oficers assure us, in the
coldest soaties.

Dizvipine—Moral moans tre eald ta be employed (gaod advice being,
freely given) to keep the prisoners ia order. No punishments are used,
xcept confinement in a dark coll on a whort allowance of food, and irons
‘when prisoners ate fuwnd be wery wuraly

Separation of the Suzce—-Thie ie move ollectually secured here than
fn many other of our conty jails, though nat perfect

Suléon Itnows at Night—A trusty prisoner ie astected for each story,
‘ho sleeps in the hall, and ean heat any aoise that is made, These mou
‘can commanicate with the ttakey.

328 REPORT ON

Classifeation of Prisoners—This joi, though very imperfect in thy

respect, it noverthelees botier constructed than the majority of our

{or parposes of elaasifcation. There aro two wards for

‘out of which are placed the more depraved and aban

+ in the other those who have not fallon quite so far. ‘The men

fae arranged in three divisions, ‘The drunken and fltby are Kept in &

‘ard by themselves of the others, the worst are confined in the second

story, Use better diaposed in the third

“Ineanity.~Twelve insane persons bare been confined in the jaik during:

the past ye0s, For the moat part, they were brought in simply for wale
keeping, aud were almost immediately woot to the Marshall Tarinary

41, Ricuwos Couxtr.

Prison Busding—his was fully described last year; the desesiption
anced not be repeated, It is anew jal, having boon built im 1860, aod
Jet itis, every way, one of the poorest and least suited to ita purpotes
in the Stato,

Employment of Prisoners-—None, except 10 aasist in sawing wood,
cleaning jall, and doing other Iitle jobs about the prison,

“Means of Béucotion—No Wrary, and no instrection. ‘The sherif
lends thew newspapers, and this i all their mental pabalam.

“Religious ntruction—No Bibles; no preaching ; no individual efort
for the veligions welfare of the priaoners.

"Prison Dictory.Dreakfust : Broad an butter, with coffee. Dinner:

i or other vegetables, and broad, Sometimes soup oF

"The health of the prisoners was gooi at the date
of inspection, as it i aald generally to be, Provalont discases, as else-
wheres delieita tremens and venereal, Fever anf aguo somatimes pro+
Tails, na it does in the surrounding eowntry, No deathe last yoar.

ere is « pomp in the jail, by whieh the prisonors cam
at avy time pomp water from an excellent well. ‘There is aleo a large
iaterm in the jail from which an abundant. supply of water can be
Grawn by 0 fuitet. ‘The prisoners are zequired to wash themselves
ferery morning. Soap ix provided, but no towels, nor combs, nor razor
‘Thor is « bath tub in the priaon, but none are required to use it, unless
‘when «prisoner comes in very filthy condition into tho juil. The prie-
‘ners wash their own elothes when they please, and sometimes, if too
{irty, they ave compelled to wash thom when they don’t please. Friends
often take their elotbing out of the jail to wash. ‘The only bed coverings
fare blankets. Sheriff Alston-told ws that, when he came into office, he
provided sheets for all the eds ; but he found it impossible to keep
Them, and gave it op. The blankets are washed only about twice a»
ean, which is far too little, considering by what class of pereoos they
{ire ned, and how often new prisoners come into sleep under them.

HE COUNTY PuISONS. 329

‘The jail ia whitewashed about four times a year, and scrubbed overy
theo oF theoo weeks. It hed a dirty appearance at the time of our visit.
Bailbgs are troublesome.

“Lighting —The windows are exceedingly narrow, which makes the
jail dack and gloomy by day, and at aight no Tighte are furnished,
‘xcept In ease of sickest

‘Healing —The prison is warmed by four cos! stoves, three inthe men’s
‘want and one in the women's

‘Disipline-—The only puniahment ‘sed is locking in thelr own cells
darkened, or im a dungeon in the old jail, which iy will wanding

"Sudden ines at Night. The turokey sleeps in the jal, and ean heat
any rapping on the doors or walle of the well
‘Clesseation —None attempted.

42, Rocezax Cousrr.

Bmployment of the Prisoners-—They have none, except cleaning the
jail and aasinting in the washing of theie clothes

Moons of Intellectual Culture=There is no library in the prison. The
shorif gives them hie newspapers to road after he la done with them,
No seotlar instruction fe imparted,

eligions Culture-—Hoch cell has a Bible supplied by the County
Bible Boviety, bet the prisonera wantonly destroy many of thet. ‘here
was preaching in the jail twice last Year. No individual effort haa
‘been devoted to their instruction and nesistance,

Dictary.—Breakfast ; Potatoes, salt beef, 1ye coffee, snd rye bread.
Dinner : Salt pork, potatoes, and rye bread, Sapper Mush abd moles
0, aud bread. They are allowed to have as much of this ms they want

Sonitary Condition-—Delirinm tremens is the most common comptaint
fn tho jail. Venoreal diavases rare. Bowel complaints sometimes arise
within the il, but they yield easily to teatment, No deaths have oc-
curred for Several years, The external sitvation of the jall ie good, and
ja opan om all sides tothe fresh ale, Dut pare aie aeems exelnded from
the interior ofthe prigon, ‘There ia one window in the corridor between
the cells, which, when opened, adits air from the outside; but when
it ie closed, there is no commanication with the external ait. Tt iv exe
ceedingly deficient in ventilation, and in viow of the privation of air
and light sufered by the prisoners i wonderful that it iv as healthy.
‘sit in There is a water closet in each col, supplied by 8 rain water
sok in the upper part of the building. Wo could detect no unplessant
coder.

Cleanliness ~The jail was dirty whon viited, but we were informed
‘at they intended t whitewash Tt the next day. Iie whitewashed
four times w year, but the cella ought to be whitewashed once a mo
‘The water for drinking: and washing is supplied once a day, being car-

Jn in pails. Prigoners are required to wash, Soap, combs, snd

830 REPORT ox

towels are provided’ by the county. There are no means fer bathing,

‘They shave themselves, (he shorilf supplying a razor. Their clothes aro

‘washed weekly in summer, avd once In twa weeks in winter. ‘The bed.

ding is washed oneo s fortnigh= in stivmer, and ones in fous weeks in

‘winter, ‘The prisoners oaid the heds were free from big, aud that at
nt they Were free from lice, but when many deserters are in thy
ft is alinost impossible to keep fee from them,

Lighting —There is ove grated. window, 8} feet
nits light nto the cottidor. Tho only Hight in the cells is what enters
them through the geated doors from the eurtidor, Except in thows next
tothe window it i almost impossible to eee
louidy weather, ‘There were
‘tho air from each cell, b
jailor gives them no Tights, bat they sometimes make alight for theme
selvow with pork fat and it old rag.

Heating.-Theve is a faroace beneath the prison, which throws lst air
Into the corridor through Tove regiaters, Thora wre no registers in the
cells, We were told by a prisoner who waa im all last winter, tat this
arrangement make the cellls sufisiently warm in cold weather

Discipline—No punishments aro employed, Tho jailor says hone are
fever needed. Tho prisoners obey the rales cheerful,

Sudden Htness at Night—Tho keeper sleeps in a tvom adjoining the
sil, and can readily hoar any noise {nthe jail, Ne difieulty has ever
bbeen experienced in rousing: him, whom any prisoner was taken nick in
the night,

‘Sxparation ofthe Seaes.—Wemen are kept locked in celts ou th samo
corridor as the men, wheve they ean see each other aud talk toyether
much ax they please. There are two rootne for a female prison in the
court house, which the bourd of supervisors lave diteoted to he Btted
up for theie se, but they aro still kept in the men’s prieon, ‘This is &
srfeat abuse, which much needs correction,

Ciasejication-—There ia none whatever, AU claasea aie huddled toe
gether to pollate and demovalize each other

Insanity —-Oue insane man, confined here for shooting. another, was
sent last your to the asylum at Trion,

‘Prison Building —Broctod in 1856. Ts is of brick and is 86 feet long
bby 35 foot wide. It an eight cells, 7 fest 2 inches square, and 9} fect
high. They open on w ceatral hall six fect wide, In addition to the
Jock on each door, they are all fastosod at once on the outside, on the
Sing Sing plan

security Two prleonere eacaped by cutting through the floor into a
ine whieh leads from the even to the chimney. ‘The doore are made of
‘very thin soft fton, which can be easily sawed throvgy, Ta fact, the
Jail presents no obstacle, whieh an ingesiows thief cannot easily overs
feoue. This insecurity wae so glaring that the courte Inet year ordered

‘TIE COUNTY PRISOK®, 831

1 guard to be maintained atthe jail, the expense of which was one thou:
fnd delars. A few pecuniary lessons like this will convince the tox
payers that it will be better to erect 9 new building or, 20 medify the
tid one that i shall be really burglar proof,

48. Se. Lawnexce Cousry.

‘Tho jail of this county, in the oven of Canton, was exanuined Ang. 14,
‘with unfeigned satisfaction that your committee is ena.
both moral and sanitary reepects aa
entitled to commendation

sonal interview had withthe keeper of the prison, Mr. Nicholaw James,
anv mind to be admirably adapted to FG the
ia whic ho is evidently wall aided by tho shor
Torenen Chamberlain, though clrcomstances provented. ah lsterview
withthe latte. The building, which wat ereeted fn 1880, fe fn an eral
ently ealubrious and convenivnt position, but the details offs arrunge=

‘ments, huvivg: len published in lant year's report, are here mitted

‘The same neglect of the statute relative to the mode of recording the
suteoedenis of the persons commited was observed here, ax in newly
til the other prisons ofthe Stato ; hence {was impossible to obtain any’
information of the aocial, edventional, moral and industsial relations of
the prisoners, Tete is uo tabulation of the ecorda whateres, and the
statletioe before given were only obtained by a laborious examiuetion of
‘the ordinary blank entry book.

The jail possesses no library, bt it was geatifping to notice a lange
umber of weekly and daily journals in the hands of the prisoaets,
which are humanely supplied by the eberif and jailor

Tere is one Bible in each hall. Religions instruetion, iy the form of
preaching, was formerly rogularly supplied by voluntary effort; but
about theee months prior to the ingpéction it was guapented, without
ny other reason being arsigned thew the removal of the prescer from.
the place, and no substitate having yet been found.

The ennitary condition appears good ; the prisoners are required to
‘wath themselves regulary, soap, combs, and. linen towels being supplied
them, ‘There is, however, no means for bathing, Shaving aad hairute
ting are practiced once a week. The clothing of the men is warbed
‘onco e week, Khe women's every fortnight, and the bedding once fa two
or three month

‘The Tight by windows inthe day time is abundant, and in each ball a
lamp is allowed every night until § oclock. The two lover halls, cot
pied hy ien, are warined by a hut air furoneo, the halls for femabes by

‘The only punishment inificted fa the removal of the Ded, and_requit-
‘ng them to sleep on the flor, Knocking on the door of the eel is the

unront ox

only mode whereby a prisoner can communicate withthe keeper, in ease
of nocossity at night.
‘The sexes are completely iclated from each other in separate hale

44, Sanaroca Count.

‘The jeil of this county, situated in the village of Ballston, was care
fully inspected on the 10th of August, For insecurity of arrangements,
for deficiency of sanitary care, for foulness of Internal atmonpbore, oe
‘neglect of moral supervision, for broken walle and eeilings, fur ial
Sicieucy of water supply, for expensiveness of warming, for facilities ond
frequency of escapes, for faciKty of communication with the outside, for
defect of elasscation, forthe neglect of the county flats, and a poe
itive disbelict on the’ part of the jallor in the value or ulility of any
‘offrte oF attempts at reformation of those submitted to his custody, ts
Jail probably aurpasses any in the State,

A few facts wil show on whot this opinion fe based, ‘The number of
inmates at cin time of inspection was 1, of whom 11 weee males and
‘ix females (threo colored and eight white) one of the later having aa.
iMlegitimste infant five months old. There are ten cells on two floors
One of these was eccapied ly one man confiaed on evil peocees, but the
other 16 prisoners were confined in foar cols, loving the other five cells
entirely racant, the only attompt at classification Ueing the wcperation
of the sexes, and the colored females from the white

st feature ofthis part of the management, however, je tbe in

fe mixture of ages. Thins in cell No.2 wore four males, aged
respectively 11, 14, 19, 35, Incell No, 8 were five wales, ofthe agesof
9,10, 22,93, 48, The impropriety of thus mingling the fafaut with the
lt, especially botore tial, when suspicion oaly can attach, was here,
fn one instance at least, most painfally exhibited, Oue of the youths in
the last-named company burst ino teere at my approach to him, and
positively declared is innocence of the peti: larceny with which he was
‘charged, asserting that the other boy lind pat it upon him as « means of
hig own escape, But ho was inearcerated for weeks, and. perhaps for
months, (for justice ie well known to bo often very stow.) without a
friend or & book, a decent hed, unwashed, uokempt, and in total idle
‘meas, uniuatructed im anything but the depraved thoughts aud langage
of his older and more vicions root-mater, to whom he was complied £9
Tisten as to a teacher in schoo,

‘Been supposing this lad to bo gailty of the erime alleged, thero was
not ouly no posebility of his improvement in morale nnder such circu
stances, but the lesson he wonld there Jearn could not but increase bis
vicious propensities ; while if, a by strenuously asserted, he i the inno
cent victim of another's villain, be will most likely earry with bia om
hig exit from the Jail « species of knowledge to which he was before a
stranges, and which will probably eroate in him a desire fur evil ours

{THR COUNTY PRISONS.

jn other words, the Slate will have made a criminal, when it ought to
have preserved a good citizen,

Tt & sadder Feature still of thig jal was the sentiment entertained
by the jailor on thie eutject, Upon remonstrating with him against the
practice of confining the old and young togathor, he denied that any barm
ould arise from i or if ao, he assorted the belief that the injury would
be to the older prisoners, for she younger ones were in his judgment
the most expert and vicious. He did not Uelieve that. prisons could. be
unde places of reform, and, to quote his own words, “thouriee aro not
to good as practice, they always full”

Vicious aa the moral government of thi jut ix thus soem to bo, ite
material arrangemant and condition are no better. ‘The yard of the jl
Irving no enclose except a Torn picket fence, which a eild may leap
over, communication Uuroagh the windows is unlimited and unrestrict
thle. The windows are treble harved with iron, tut the bara are actin
trood, and ly a common kkife they may be easily oorened fom theis
Fastening, and an accomplice may supply the neccesary tool, even in
brood day light, But escapes by dhat method would be unseccssasily
tronbesome, as has been proved un more than one occasion. A former
sheriff informed va that dating hie sherialty he lost efght pelsouors in
three weeks, by their dropping down through the water closet and
working their wey Uhrongh the wall of the privy vanlt, which is on a
Tevel with the adjacent yard. By the same process two more escaped
fn September, 1862, and aguia, ou the 26th of July in the prosent year,
4 more achieved thelr freedom throughs tho same aperture. Those facts
require no comment to show the inetieienoy of the arrangement and
‘management.

‘The only employments tarnished the Jomatos aro wood-sawring, whiter
washing, d., iu which of course the emalleat fraction of thelr time i
engaged, the residue being giren to total idlovess, The wood-suwing,
hoseover, must, in thia jail, occupy’ a comparatively large portion of the
prisonois! time, if we are to judge feom tho manner in which ze eels
fre warmed. A more expensive aud dasgervus arrangement has not
fallen onder observation in any other institation, A box stove is placed
ineach of the 10 rooms or cells, and of these the prisoners themselves
he the este, with the fre at immediate command, ta conswime litle or
roach ss they please. This is cortainly the very reverse of economy,
While the opportunity for secidental or intentional conflagration i of
course decupled, ‘The cells are about 19 feet aquace,

Tn the means of moral sud intolloctnal culture this prison is ae dell
cont a6 in the other particulars mentioned, there being no Mbrary, no

tubs being retained in them all the fino, and of times uncovered, ‘The

934 mxPoRT O

arrangements for ablution amount to almost nothing, a large boiler
being, pointed axe asthe only means of bathing, and 976 were informed
that thore was not towel in tho jal. No attention ie given to shaving
and hair cutting, except on first admission if vermin requive if, and Dive
fs no aystei aout washing the prisoners’ clothes oF bedding. Noother
means uf ventilation exist than by the call windows, No lights are
allowed at night, the jnilor bimeelf preferring darkness, as, according
tohiz own statement, facilitates bis watching. Tho dungeon and
cbaia aro the only panishmenta, aud these only used tn cases of boisterous

"The only means by which s priaoner taken auddealy ill at night can
cominunieato with the kooper ie by rattling with a tia cup, a movement

readily fafersod that this
a nota modem structure, che principles observed in ite arrangements,
Doth exsernal and interual, belonging more to tho past century than to
the present, Tt was, infact, erected about §0 years ago, and consider
ing she comparative wealeh and population of the eownty, tis to be
sogurded as anything but creditable to ita public and philanthropic
pint s

Duficient aa it may be in atractural and econome arrangement, lt:
‘cumstances dc chilly to the want of knowlesige on there paints at the
period of its erection, there eau be na excuse for the defects of manage-
zent Which are a0 apparent, So greatly are the intareate of the inmatea
neglected hy the offcinls in charge, that even the regalatly spprinted
pilysician makes so regular waits, and sometimes when called refutes
to come, and the jullor often prescribes forthe ailments of the priaoners
according to his own erde and whully wneduoated ideas of medical
practice, prcoutes the muicines at the spothecary’s, and ebarges itto the
‘county. ‘The expenses of medicine and medical sttendance annually
about 845,

Its dae to jantce to say that the condition of this institution hae
‘engaged the attention of some intelligent people in tho county, and. a
change in its Toeation, which would of course invulve the neceeaty of a
row edifice is strongly advocated by a number. That the prosent buld-

ig is uttorly wait for its original purpose is manifest, and were it even
posite, which it probably ie not, by aay alteration to adapt it properly
fo the demands of modeen enlightemont, the eost of 0 doing would
randonbtedly be equal to an entire nevr atructure

cis to be hoped that the humanity and patriotism of tho people of
Saratoga county, to aay nothing of their selEvexpect, will soon stimlate
‘oem to the determination tw veetiy this gross violation of proproty
fand jastice, by appropriating the present jail to somo other purpose and
ferecting one move in aceordance with the lighte of modern adeaticoment,
believing, as se do, that a aaving both of money and crime will result
therefeor,

‘THE COUNTY PRISONS.

It is the opinion of many of the most intelligent inhabitants of the
county, that the Tocation oF the prison should be changed from Ballston
{2 Suratoge Springs, ax far moro convenient for its business, equally
socassible fom the distant parte of the counsy, more likely to seours
the official, moral and sanitary suporeision of which i now stands #0
rnuch in need, and that it could theve be conducted with much greater
‘economy, both of money and the time of those having basinews relations
‘with ite inmates. The village of Ballston, onop the great canter of
Attraction for its health giving waters; has i the eowree of time yielded to
the superioe claims of the village of Saratoga Springs, and though still
rotaling ita nominal ttle as the eapital of the county, itis far outatip-
ped by is rival in extent of population and business, If we take the
‘convas retuene of those places us the basis of a judgment on the question
fof remora), it will be seen to be nosey thres to one in ita favor, the
population of Ballston being: about 2,500, and of Saratoga Springs 7,000,
Tt also stated that the numberof eriminala sent from Savatoga Springs
equals those from all the reat of te coanty besides, The saving of
‘Wansportation alone would therefore seem to be a conclusive nancial
reason for the ehauge.

45, Soumszerapy Covxry.

Prison Buslding.—Thia, both in respect to arrangements nd weonrty,
or rather want of aeeurty, was fally described in Taat year’s report, and
no change has taken place siuoe, A now jail i greatly needed

“Employment of Priscnere—These ia none but cleaning and whito-
washing

Moos of Intlletual Cultura.—No library belongs to the prizon, and
no Instruction is given to the prisoners. ‘The abevif lends his papors to
‘thew, and bas oflen Toaned them books, but they sbuse thom #9 much
that he “hs got sick of iL”

Baigioue Tnstruction.—There ia but one Bible in the jail. No preach:
fing, and uo individwal effir, The American Messenger, seat through
the Associticn, is receive,

‘The Dietary-—The prisoners have three meals a day in summer, and
‘vo in winter. They aro enpplied from the sherif's own table

Sanitary Condition—The health of the prison waa reported to us a8
{generally execlleut. Ono death acourred, Dut Itwas from anil, ‘There
Was also one caso of dysentery, The diseases most prevalent here a3
elsewhere are tremens and venevesl

Cieantiness—Watar is carried in every moraing, and, if necessary, at
ther times. Th ie optional with the prionens to wash or not, Soap and
towels ate provided, bat not combs. No means of bathing. The prise
ners clothing is washed wevkly. No regular timo for washing the
Blankets, This, we wore told, x dane “when they look dirty” ‘The
Jhil is whitewashed twice « year.

836 REPORT OK

Lighting and Feating —Saficiontty lighted by the sun dating the day,
Dut no light furnished at night, The male ward by a coal stove, the
female by a wood stove,

Diseipine—Locking the prisoners in their olla and chaining them,
It they sttompt tu break oat, are the only punishments.

‘Suddon Tlines at Night—A woiee in the jail ean readily be heard by
tho sharit, who sleeps with his own door open,

‘Separation ofthe Scns —They are reparated by a thick wall nd ean
rot exsily converse together

‘Classfcation.— None,

Taowilly—Two insane person committed for cafe keeping. One of
thom was seat to Uhe county howe, and the other was given into the
core of friends,

48, Sconanm Covsry.

Employment of the Privonere—Thoy have none, except to clean the
Jal.

Moons of Eitweation—No library, no instruction, ‘The sheriff supplies
‘the prisoners with hie newspapers,

Means of Religious Instruction—Thero is a Biblo ia each cortor.
‘Tuy are seldom read, bat they are not tora oF detuned as they often ake
in other Jails.‘ Thoro is never any proaching in the jail, or is theroany
Individual effort for the reformation of the criminals

‘Due Prison Dietary.—Pve ia no regular bill of fate; the priconere
aro fed fom the sheriff's table; whetover ho has, they have. ‘They have
thrvo meals a day the year round,

Sanitary Condition of the Prison —There have been no eases of ick
ess except one of venereal diesase and one of fever, both of wiich were
contracted before entering the prison. Ove woman cf eak intellect
‘ought a fever by sleeping on the floor of the jail, of which she died
One snes died of inflammation of the lings. He war a horse thief, and
hha feozan hig foet and contracted tho disease bofore entering the prison;
5m fat, he was inthe last stages of disease when committed, The prison
fa damp, ilventilated, and untealthy, but no sctnsl disease appeats to
Ihave boon engendered by i

Goeiness—Tho jail is wot clean, nor han it been whitewashod this
yar. ‘The shorff (tends to new ooil the interior, after whieh, he says,
hho will whitewash it, Water is carried into it both for deinking and
washing in pails, ‘The prisoners are supplied with tin besine to wach
jn, and they ate compelled to wash wisn they negloet to do ao thea
selves. Soap, combs, razors and course towole, aro provided by the
county. There ate no facilities for bathing: the whole person.
prisoners’ clothes ate’ washed once a week, ‘Their sheets and pillow
‘eases aro also washed oneo a wook, and their blankets as often as they
require it

‘mum COUNTY fsoKs. a3

Lighting —There are windows in Woth the lange celle, 28 ince by
ai faces; the two smaller ones have none. ‘There ate alin four wi
owe in each corridor. ‘hoy are not allowed to have any Tight at
aight,

“eating —There is one woo! stove i each hal

‘Dissiptine ho jul bas one dak eal, bat He nover wd ae a pom
isiment. No puntaiment has ever Veen fficted hy the prevent shen,
tnd none haa een required

‘Sulden ness ab Night—The jul is separate Srom the jit’ resi
deuce, and in case of sudden sickness occuring ia the night no holp
coal be obtained

‘Scporation of tho Seoes—This ie effstualy secured, wo that no iter.
coarse caa be bad

‘lewiftaion—Theve is none attempted, exoept thatthe most danger
cone prisoners are put Tato the lower curtdor, andthe Teast dangerous

Prion Puilding—Brected tn 1850, Tt fs built of atone, and ie 42
foot log, std 92 fest wide, Ite divided into two stories, which bave
zo commotion ou the inside ; tho upper one boing entered from a
stairway on the outside, Te han afx ols fed ith wooden bedsteade
elo, and iron swing bodatoads up stairs. ‘The cortidara above and
Yelow are ax fet wid,

Security ofthe Prison —There hare heew no escapes dosing the past
year, bt provourly there have been many. ‘The Tock on the outeedoot
{he appee Ral ony ahoote about one-eighth of an inch into the each
ae evening as the jail’ wile went ont, « prisoner pat a piece of
wood into the catch whon her back ws taraed, and sho supposed she
had Tocked the doors; he piled t open, Knocked her down, and ran of
Otter escapes have been made by sawing the bare of tho exterior grate,
ings ‘The locks of thin jail aro all very iaperfet, and may be easily
picked

47, Scnvviee Coser.

Employment of the Priwners—They saw wood, and whitewah and
clean the jail, ‘They aco not compel (odo 40, but do It voluataly

“Meane of Tnelotuat Cllure—There fs wo Ubrary. ‘The aber sup-
piles Uiom with papers, and the“ American Messenger”ia regularly #e-
Sived. No aecaler instruction in iparted

Means of tious Oultere—There was but one Bible ia the jal
‘There i uo proaching, and no indvideal eft for the religious welfare
of the prisoners

Privn Distary.—Broaktaat : Corn bread, moat and potatos. ° Tes ia
allowed’ cace a week to prisoners that are well, aod every day to the
fk "Dioner wheat Bren, with mest en potatos aud sch eget

[Assom. No, 62.] 22

338 REPORT ON

‘Sanitery Condition —There hwo been no deaths in the prison this

year and siokne
ontaton ithe
Teticeame to prodace wo il eect upon the hath of the prisoner

‘eawinee-—Ther a a wel and cstrn inthe yard rom which the

reer ce eapried with washing and diakiog water pails, Te
Peete intdueed within te ji ith very litle trouble or expense.
Tie asim rap, towel, and ravers ove provided, ‘The pesowers ro
se orden daily’ "No arrangements for bathing te whole pet

jor dean not wash or the prisoners; they depend wholly on
ifr clean claibes. The aocta and pillow cases ave wad
nce fn two weoks.‘The jail is kept clea.

“hphing.—'Thore are fous lane windows upon each side oft pion,
meade ae allowed Tight if they pay for ther themselves, but
oighte avo forsiabod hy the comnty

Hating One of the corridors be furinbed with « wool slave and one
with a cont nave

Puspline-—Tho ptaoners are Tocked in tei cll, end sometines
nuiued tthe Boon whan digorer. ‘Thee punishments are ver el
fom resrted ta,

Sudfen nen af Night-—The jltor can easly hear any Knocking om
the eel dor t night

“Syaration of th SoreaThey can conver ogetber, but canaot see
eachother.

Claiation Thar ie m claeeieation whatever.

‘Poaon Building Tho jail was orci in 1664, and ix 80 fort by 60
feat Ten bllvot bricked appeace to De every nintantialteuc
TE, ewan ncnded ur two tvs of cul, bot only one fo yet bi
Tune are now eight ool, four on each sie ach oll eight et by
Thur aod half fess and nine fot high, ‘The jal residence is inthe
front pat ofthe bling

‘esurity—Foue persons breko Jail during the past year, Dering te
proullng yur some prisoers tad taken ap tho stones ander toi
oor, and thu obtained access into the room bow, fem which they
seb cfcted tn egrnn, ‘Theo font mon followed i thee track before
the pair wore shed It enw merely tepaited, and to boloved
{ha no move escape will bo made in that direction. On one the cor
Fidor, a neve ceilog of bilo io haa been put op daring the present
Jee hich mato very aocare. The celing of tho other corridor ie
BFtheeshemlk boast, Which coed be very easily penetrated by 88
Sfomua that coe to attempt am escape. The gratigs tothe onside
nove ere sing, and thi tho weakest point in the fail

‘THE COUNTY PRISONS. 339

48, Seneca Coury.

For information touching the two jails in this county, ono of which ia
at Waterloo and the other at Ovid, reference is made to the report of
Tust year, ‘There is nothing of special interest to add to the statements
made in that report. Bath jaila sre miscrable eoncerna, totally wnt by
their arrangements and want of aecarity for the pirpotes of prisons,
nd ought to be immediately replaced by new ones. ‘The honor and
Interest of the eounty demand this gud #0 do humanity, civilization,
aud religion
49. Sruumex Coury,

Euaployment of Pritonere—None, except whitewashing and cleaning
the jail

‘eave of Education —N> library, and no secular instraction. ‘The
serif gives the prisoners the newspaper which he takes when he i
dono with i, snd Uh is all che reading matter that they have access to,

Religious Culture. the jail is not supplied with Bibles, not «single
‘copy ling found in i ‘There is no preaching, and no religious or be-
revoleut individual ever visita it

Prison Dietary —Breakfast : Fried pork and potatoes, or boiled beof
and potatoes, (principally pork ia summer and beef ie winter) with
ead and ooffen or mill. Dinner : Same as breakfast, except that there
is no cofee or milk. Supper: Mush and mille or molasses. This is in
sumer ; only two menls are given fa winter

Senitary Condition-—No deaths have coowrred during the past year,
‘Dore have Deon no oases of deliciam tremens, abd but ¢wo of venoweal
Aigease. There have been a few cares of bowel complaints but it has
boon quite as healthy within the prisun as it has without. ‘The location
of th jal fa healthy with respect to aoil and position, bat ft is survound-
fd by's high fonce, which prevente acsoas of aie to the lower part
‘Thore ix no provision internally for ventilation ; the Magging is laid a
rectly upon tho soiland ia darap. ‘Thore is a privy in exch corridor, and
night tube arv kept fn etch cell. No unpleasaut odor was detoetoi. ‘Tho
Lealth of the prisoners is mach better than would be supposed from the

Cleanlines.—The jail requires to be wholly rebnilt-in order to At ft
for tho purposes for which it was designed. Tt is kopt in as clean
‘condition as perhaps it can be, at now situated. Tho sheriff aod jailor
Doth are ecient and humane men, but they oannot with all zal keep
sch a jail as that ia in the condition that Ft ought to be. Water fa
Dmped through the grating into a barrel in the jail, which is always
Teeptfal, I the prlsonets are very Slthy on being committe, they are
reyuized to aah themselves, but sfter thie (ti left optional with thom
whether to wash or not, Soap and coarse towels are provided for them,

W2 are not. ‘These aro no means for bathing, shaving or haiz

840 REPORT ON

centting provided. The prisoners’ clothes are washed once a week, and
‘tho bodaingg once in two seeks

Lighting.—There avo two external windows In each cortidor, making
four in all, 4 foot by 2 fost, There are two additional windows opoaine
ato an adjoining leant, which samt air but uot light. The only Hight

in the cells comes fiom the corridors through the grated doors, Na”

Tights are allowed at

‘Heating There is one large stave in the prison below ; one above fa
the wosie?a prigou, and one in the debtors prison

Diveipline-—No punishments are used, except confinement vo the cll,
aod sometimes they are slickled and chained, No moral moans are
rsd to secure good under

Sudden Inest—The jtilor can easily hear ang knocking on the cell
doors at night, No ease of sudden illness has acemsred in which he has
pot promptly beard the alarm,

sparation of Sexea—They cannot eee each other, ut the women's
prison indirectly over the mew’s, and they can ennverse through. the
Stovepipe hole. Their conversation ia described ns being exceedingly
Jmpropor and corrupting, but there is no way to prevent it as tho prison
fs now arrange

(lasefeation— Nove is attempted, except that debtors and witnesses
fare kept in a room by themselves up stairs. ‘Tho tried and wntried, the
young and old avo all kept together in the lower prison

Tuannily—One man, who was undoubtedly insane and charged with

‘wan eomamitod to this prison daving the past year. He is now
the State lunatic aap,

Prison Building—Brected about the year 1844, It is of wood, and
is 91 foot by 29 fect, exclusive of the jailors huge, which is in trot,
Tt has tivo stories, each story having’ two corridars, ‘Those are four
calls in each corridor of the Tower prison, exch noven by three feet ix
inches, and seven feet eight inches high’ Bach corridor has a privy
counted with i, The upper priaon iy divided into two corridor, exch
Ihaving two calls eight feet by hine fest end seven foct high, The exte
lor cormidor i used as @ prison for debtors and witneswes, and the inte:
ior for women, seho cannot be brought ia or out without passing
throogh the men’s epartinent.

Socurity Pra prisoners tare esoaped during the past year by dig-
_ging throngh the privy.  Severnl pereona had proviowsly exeaped in the
fnme way; bat it Je now secored by very heavy fag stones, and it is
Delieved that this mode of escapu is now completely blocked up. Others
have wseaped by digging: noder the foundation, und others have eut
throng the wall, which is of timber, ‘The doors are fastened with pad-
locke, which ean be easily picked or broken. The jail is very insur
fn all respects, and would offer no obstacle to the forts of an export
Durglar. Nothing but great vigilance on the part of the oficers could

‘THE COUNTY PRIEONS, 3a

rotaia even tho inexpert inmates from escaping. ‘The bedstead are of
fon and awing on the cell wall. The supervisors ought to build « now
Jul on the modera plan at ones

50. Suvrork Cousry.

Employment of Prismers—No oocapation whatever ie provided for
them, They whitewash tho prison ties & year, and somatimes saw &
Tittle wood

Hocas of Fateltocteat Caltave.—Theve is wo prison Tibesty, and a0 ect
lor instruction is evor imparted to them. The sheriff sometimes supplies
them with newspapers

Means of Religious Caltwre—Theve axano Bibles ia the prison. There
{sno preaching, and no personal efforts ase tade for the religious fone
provement of the prisoners

The Privon Divtery~—Theore is no regular bill of fare, The most usual
breakfast is silt fish and potatoes, with rye bread. Dinuers salt
meat, potatoes and other vegetables, Suppers bread and molasses ot
tzu and mith They ies thoe meals dy, exept Seas, en
tony eo meals ae given

Souifary Condition —The intrioe is very damp, and the eclls axe dack,
‘The ewse of thie dampuove is very well explained in last yeat"s roport,
‘The priconere sur a good deal from dyspepsia and more from rheotoat.
ism. There has been no case of fever i tie jell for seventeen, years,
Gand but one case of cousumption originating within its walla, With
teabore named excoptions, therein very Witte disease in tho jl

Gleonlinece—The water for drinking and ablation is carried in in pails
‘Tin pans are provided to wash in. ‘They are, however, allowed to do
as they pleage about using them, Soap and razors are fatniahe’, but no
towels, Tuoro ace no meau of bathing the whole person. Thele clothes
fare washed aa often as the prisoners desire, bat the bedclothes are never
‘washed. The jailor says that the prisoners tear them up before they
aetdivty. Nothing bat Vaukots are given to them. The bedsteads are
‘of icon of very poor quality, and are frequently torn to pieces by tka
Priconera®

SL. Sutuivay Conver,

Intctetaal Cudtere.—Thove i no Hibrary belonging-to the prisou, aad
no secular instruction is ever given to the inmates, The shecif some
times lends them his owa books, but many prisouers teat and otherwise
fnjure thea, He also lends thow bis uewspapers after he is done with
Wem, ‘They road Uiese with avidity, and rarely harm them,

Religives Tusiraction —There axe no Bibles in the jail, There a never
‘say preaching, nor any individual effort forthe reformation of the prise

842 REPORT OF

cnare, ‘They nro almost fr ramorum very wpctes of hata
{Sence wile they ar tate Jo, as though ey were inte eee
atthe Kapton of Dabomey

‘Pron Disary-—he jells wife informed un that the pacers bate
ao regnar pect dich best Thy te Te rom ex on blo tat
‘Bey always have buter with tel besly and pie and cakes a fea
Site Roly bare then. "“There wero be prlemers te e fl tht oe
Sold eqantte ith sepect to tet dle; inte weve told by eter
Monticello tht the food of the prisuere as Taferor Jn qally sod
torerted tha! they knew tone facie of thelr ow oowtedge, bt only
Iheareog. Sach eidene feof ourbe nat sllclent ta fevlidate dy
ect iestinony of tho shore wife. We omy notice the romors hak
puniestention may be called to tho matey, and that nest yer the
Sommonty may be propeet alert enanipeis the jllr oro prove
Slatncly any dereliction af duty of which he may be gully

‘Suuilay Contiton-—We have seon many bed, wvolsone aly
this Stato tat we nk that thief decielly the worst ef ely i the
trctlot had dalibertely planned bulling withthe express purpne
trating every hygienic lw, he couldnot ove bexn more suscerl
han he bes teens Hie cello re without veutlaion, dark dan ted
Biall “The cotios i narrow, and the foor i aboct fou feet bolo
the arface ofthe goon. Yet, otwitntanding al he nd althongh
fe pivorers lone Sed rapidly wile condacsont, tre hee ees
ny three cues ofslceun desig tho yoo, Tse. Une woo ve
traced before bla commatal, ‘Thre. han not been n lagle eo of

‘lentes el ett Lop claws 9 it shoal be; a oot
‘bean whitewanie te prevent year, Il ea to be fre from bed age.
The weter for dang ont washing i cared in Un aie, Tn band
tne, crores foncl, and rear are Cosa, but so and soba ae
fected inthe Jlrs for bond, and ave not dese pd for Uy the

The primers cllhow are washed once track, The sets
every oer mack, aod tao quite wen dirty. No pillow cases ae a
There me wo deeds Inthe ve lower cle te boda om

the damp Bor

Tghtage There are two larg windows Jn the corti, 1 fet by $4
feat and tyo aualler net 18 licen hy’ I Incben, eer yale
ratings of eottinon, No ight i allowed et tight except ae «epoca
aulgence,wheu cendles ate given at the expense of the shel a9
tated by hie wife

“ating The corsior of the Jowes ells is ove woodstove, which
src ooult aot evppoe would make the pine fn te lover cla com
TBetble in col esther” "There is alan a wood stove Inthe lange dose
fpper call, which pera to be adoyete

HR COUNTY PRISONS. 34s,

Disciptine.—When the prigoners are refractory, they are handcuffed
tnd shackled, ‘This bas been done twice during. the past yeur. No
oral moans are ued to secure good order.

‘Builden Mnees—Tho prisoners can easily make the jailor aware, if

‘hey are taken sick at night
‘Separation of the Soson—They’ are isolated when the men are confined
1 ilele cells, but when they are in the coeridor, they ean seo cach other

‘and converse together.

Traanily.—One inane man was cofamitted to the jail for safe keep-
ing.” he joiloe's wife waid thot the man's friends pit him there iv the
hope that it would care his malady, and becwuse it was cheaper than
ending tim to-an asylum, She aad there waa no committal by a mag
Satrate nor aay form of process whatever: This man hwo himself ia
bis cell. Another insane person was alto lodged there in the game way,
‘nd, strange to say, he actually got well and was discharged cored. We
called the attention of the district attorney to these eazes, bathe thought
{(hongh be was not eure) that both of these men had beon regularly
ominitted by a magiatrate. If the jail’ wie in correct, tbe confine
ont was censurable

Prism Buiding.—Brested in 1844, tho old one having boon destroyed
by five. It a buileof stone, and ie 38 fect by 14, It ocrupios ove aldo
ofthe basement of the eonrt house. The lower part has five dismal cls,
5 feot inches by 8 feet, and 7 feet high; each door ia mac of hoop iron
‘and secored by a padiock with a thin hasp. ‘There are tio cells abowe
these, one of which is ofthe same sige a8 the lower once; tho other is 14
feet equate, but divided by « board partition, There ia a wooden bed
stead in each of these apartments, and a table in one of them

‘Sonwrily of the Prison There is really nothing eecuro about it; aay
‘expert jaikbreaker conld go ont of fein 490 hours. The cell doors are
to thin that a very short erove-bar would break them, or a caso-knife
‘would cut them, ‘Two have escaped during the past year, and a yur
Ihas rarely passed since it wae built, that- moro or less have not broken
through aot abseonded. Some have dug Uhrovgh the walls, others have
Droken the locks, and others have sawed through the bars. Four es-
‘coped as the jailor was entering the door, and in fact almost every Kind
of jaibbreach known has been successfully effected. Lact year tho board
of supervisors were obliged to pay a bill one hundred and twenty-four
‘ollate fur watchmen to Keep the prisoners in, ‘The county, for ita own
fered, ought #9 efect « new jail at once, where its prisoners can be
lodged without injury to their healt, and with perfect eocu

52, Tioca Courry.

Binployment of Prisonera,—Nowe except to sweep aud serub the floors,
‘and make their beds,

‘Means of Iuelectual Cudture-—There is no library in the prison, ‘The

Sd REPORT ON.

serif gives them his old newspapers, which they zoadwith gveat inter
est. No secular ingtevetion Je parte

“Means of Religious Culture.—Bibles atv supplied for each cell by the
‘county Bible Society, but the prisoners tear and mutilate them very
often. There is never any preaching. Mr. H, D. Pinney, a benevolent
Tayoan, sometimes visits the prison, talks with the prisoners, and
gives them tracts, which are gonerally read, The “Messenger” ror
ceived,

Prison Dietary. —Broakfast : pork, potatoes and bread. Dioner :
Bork and beuns or salt buet, or fresh Beet made into noup, with potatace.
Sapper: mush and mit, er bread aud onl,

‘Sanitary Condition —The efcers tcetify that the fall fs Healthy, and
that there is very litte disease in it, exoopt venereal and delvinm tree
ens. Men are generally better in’ health when they are discharged
than when they are zoceived. Yet the fenee atom the prison yard
fovertops the windowa of the prison. ‘The direct rays of the su can
enter it but for a very anal) part of the day. There ie no ventilation,
and the odor is bad, Such conditions usually induce disuse, but why,
they lal to do so inthis jal fe more than we eum tell. °

Ciorntiness.—There ie'@ parp und sink in the main corridor, whieh is
nsed for ablotion, Dut drinking water is carried in in pails, ‘The exlie
fro made of eak planks, the cracks of which Farnish a secure harbor for
vermin. We should suppose it impossible to exclude thom, yet the
prisoners say they are not incmamoded by them. Plenty of waelrbasing
and towels ure provided by the county, and the privoners are compelled
to wash themaelves, A. tazor is f
to shave onco a week, There are no conveniences for bathing.
prisoners’ clothes are washed once ® week, aud also their sheets and
pillow-cases. Their quilts are washed twice a year. Tp this, and two
for three adjoining counties, quilts ave provided for the prisoners instead
of blankets. ‘They absorb odors, ate difficult to wash sad are aot 08
economical as Daakets. ‘They aught never to he wsed ; and thoes in
ruie here should he replaced by woolen blankets a fast as they wear

There ae three large windows on each side ofthe coredors,
secured hy iron gratings ; and on tho inside there is a solid shutter of
Boiler fron. Between the inner ahuttor and the onter grating Uhre is 8
glass window

“Heating —The jail is warmed by one stove in the outer corridor, This
seemed to ue insuicient

Diseiplone—Tho only punishment administered is locking prisone
in their cella, and sometimes chaining them. No moral meana are aed
‘to preserve order

‘Sudden Miness.—The jailor can bear the prisoners. very easily, when
they knock on their cell doors,

THE COUNTY PRIEORS, 345

‘Separation of the Sezee—Tho men are Tocked In one corridor and the
women in the ather ; but the former occupy the transverse covridon in
the day time, and can see and converge with the women ag much as they
please through the groted door.

Classieation-—~There ia none whatever; sll sorte heed together, and
ts the prison ta too amall, they ate often put two in a call,

Prison Building.—Beceted in 1851, Ie is of wood, wnd is 40 feet
squace, with @ house for the jailor in front. The prison has a tranaverse
Corridor 12 feet wide, which is used By the men aa a day room, ‘There
fre tivo corvidors opening obt of this in one of which the women are
Jeep, and the men aro locked at night iu the other. Tho side corridors
fre separated fiom the tranmveran corridor hy iron gated doors. ‘There
fre ¢ cells and privy in each cotridor j the odor of the Tatter was not
Offensive, ‘The calls are 9 fest by 10 feet, and 8 feet high. They soe
rade of 3 inch oak plank, Hined with boiler iron, and are faroished with
fran bedateads

‘Securty.—The jail Is, in ovr judgment, very insecure, No expert
Donglar would require more than three hours of darkness ¢o work out of
ik. Tho locks might be picked without the least difleulty, ‘There are
ro banmistors to the stairs leading into the secoud tier of ells, and the
failing round the npper gallery is vexy low, These aro both traps for
the jilor, which 2omo day may cost him his life Thore have been 20
escapes during the past year, but this exemption must either be ob
tsined by the extra vigilance of the jalor or the aininelination of the
prisoners to escape. ‘The jail hae been repeatedly broken out of by
Aigging thiough the wall. Tt ia not whitewashed ae often ax it ought
10 be, nor ia ite condition ae clean as is desirable; nor jndoed eam it

‘Rept clean under existing, circumstances. ‘Tbe only remedy it
to build a new edifice, which that wealthy county ought to do at once,
58. Towrxmss Couxre.
Enployment of the Prisoners-—They do the necessary cleaning to
Sil, ad saw the wood used for fuel; besides this they have no ere
ployment

‘Means of Intellectual Culture. —Thore is no Worary in the prison. The
sheriff supplies the prisovers oocastonally with papers, and with books
‘when they desire them, ‘There (v no secular instruction imparted

Beans of Retigious Culture~The cotnty supplies ths prisoners with
Bibles, but they often tor them. At the time of our visit the jailor
could find bat one, and that was matilated. They have no preaching.
Once or twice © benevolent individual has been there to tale with the
prisonees. They received him with rauch civility.

Prison Dietary=—For breskfust and dinner, the men have fresh and
sometines salt meat, with ahest bread. ‘The women have enflee in
sition. For eupper they bave mash and molssees or mush and mill.
Atevery meal they have as much as they desire,

346 REPORT ON

Sanitary Gondition—There have been no deaths, and no diseases have
originated within tho prisoa, The cell, tke almost all prison cells, are
‘vory badly ventilated; prisoners could hardly be kept fi them for any
reat length of tine without belng made sick. The only provision for
‘Fontlation is a tubo about for inches in diameter, which ehmrannicates

ij and tho cell in the upper story avo ventlnted with a

hole. In other sespects, the sanitsry condition of the
prison it passable
Cleankiness—Wator for cleaning and drinking te eatried in in pail,
though it might be easily introduced ly pipes from the outside, Fin
basins are supplied for washing, as are soap, comb, towels and rao
"3 to wash daily. ‘Their clothes are washed
Mow euses once a wook, and thelr quite
The jail is not whitewashed aa often as ie desirable, nor
fit kept ax clean ait onght to be. The night tnbs are emptied daily,
bat tho conveuiences for cleaning them axe not suficiont
Lighting lis corridors are wall lighted by large windows. One
gas burner in kept ligited in ench outside hall, and eandies ate allowed
{18 o'clock ia the evening,
ating four stoves for burning woods ove fn each hall
ipline—When prisoners misbehave, they are Tocked up in thelr
cells, ad in extveme cases they are shackled, "Neither of those puish-
ronte ia oftu inicted
‘Sudden Tifness at Night—Tho jallor can hear @ rapping on the door of
‘the coll at any time of the night
‘Stoaration of the Sezes—The men and women can eonverse together,
‘bat cannot woe each othe
(Clzvitation—This jail ia divided into four compartments, and would
thus admit of a clasiffeation of the prisoners, but none is ever made
Tnaanily,—One man was comnitted fur wafe keeping, and tt the
saylum at Utica, Another man sax committed for murder, who was
proved to be jarane, He was algo sent Utica asylum, One women,
‘who wae confined for murder atthe time of oar via, elaine to have beet
fnane whon she committed tho deed, Fler ease is given iu data in a
former part of thie report
‘Prison Baclding —Broctel iy 1852, Tt in belt of blue stone, end the
exterior bas quite an imposing appearance of stzength; but, on exam!
ation, the appearance is found to bo illucory. The total dimensions of
the whole bnilding aro 00 feet hy 45 fect. The jailos's house is in the
front part, the prison proper in the rear, here are two traneverse cor
Tidors—one above, the other below, A lateral coreidor opens into either
fend of tbe transverse corridor, making, as i were, four jails. There
are fve coll in each of the lower lateral corridors. Bach of the cells
is arched, and the partitions between them are of timber. Some of them
fare fted with iron swing beds, othera bere none, -Theve are olghleea
night cells

THE COUNTY PRISONS, 87

Siourity There hve been no escapes during the year. The doors
ce of cast toon snd very strong, but the hinges are secaved by long.
frrought iron bolts which cen be sawed through very easily. When
{bis i done, the door ean be at onoe forced open. ‘This very weak point
should be iuomedistely remedied, Only one of the lateral cocridors is
Eupplied with double gratings, and in this one both are of #0f irom, one
Gf which sliould be replaced ly child iron. ‘The locks are very good
tues. ‘The exterice walle are so poorly bullt thet they require to be
ined with Boiler icon to mske them secure. ‘The transvorse corridors

ligt jailor might readily be thrown
fer them before ho could defend hiuself. There acold also be a sewer,
nto which the night tubs could be empiied without going out of the
Jil. ‘These means of security should be at ones adoptod at any cost
that may be roguired,

54, Useren Comery.

‘The ji of this county, situated at Kingston, was inspected om the
th of August, It received 540 persons during the year ending Octoter
1, 1862, “The average daily nomber of iumates is 20, though as many
5 40 havo been ‘nearourated at ove time, eucpelling «duplication for
tach col, the whole number of cella being 40, At the tine of inapection
there were inthe prison ‘eight males and ono female, the latter eleven
yyeats of ge, a witness ina murder case. OF tho formor, two wero
{here on the charge of murder—one for trial and the other a ease whieh,
though having been ender conviction for capital punishment, has excited
to inconsiderable amount of eympathy in the minds of many of the best
people of the tows, from their belie in hia iresponsibility on account of
Insanity. A nev {vial fn bis ease hae been ordered, which he awaits in
the apparent conviction uf bis own imocence of guilt, though coofessing,
to the act of homicide

OF the 540 aduitted dusing the yeas, 62 were females—named on the
booke—though the actual number of individual isnot easy to ascertain,
As several instances of tepested nimiesions occur, which sre undistine
guished fvom the others, thus giving the population of the eounty an
unnecessarily bad character

"The book of entries of admiasions isin this, as in many other places,
though somewhat better than ome, very imperleet, not only affording:
10 metne of ascertsining many items of great interest in relation to tho
Prisoners, but also in dinget violation of the statuto Taw upon the
subject.

‘OF the social, educational, moral, and industrial relations of the pris-
ners, ot of the number of times of their arrest, bere is, as before
fated, no record whatever. ‘The only employreent for them is the tran-
sient cleaning of the apartments and halls, and except for the Tittle
reading supplied by the jailor in tho form of newspapers, and to a

S48 REPORT ON

moderate extent by bovks, continued idleness in the unhappy toto all
‘who enter hve; noc thee any dogtoe of ecnlr inaracton inparted
totem; though tats the undersigned great geatiaton toe sie
to alate that, tnoogh te benevolent cud ylentay exerons of two of
fhe fahabants of Kingston ogous ieaction has heen fr several
onthe an fel parted lo he inatos Integer an ated

The Rov. Me. Waters anl Henry B, Reynolds, Ya. geotlmen ently
gated solely by «sense of ny to tte fllowcvetarea and tholt os
tponsiiityto tele Maker, uve nemaped the Uniti wok of weet
sis to he jal ant of Holding elgious gore theta woh a
ihe inmates ar flowed toatond, ‘The ime apptsted fr tis purpose
In Wednesday afternoon, abd by the coneareent testiony of wars
Persons Wes exetins aru allended with untoubted bene

Menpeting the esitarycandiin of the pisos mo parelar fat a
to bound. Mo cll whieh ate 20 ip number 10 on exc of Uw Hoos
And 8 om each ade of the Halle, with the doors apport each ater, ag
tore than rdivarilyeapaciou aud each ove fy tented a ighted
by a large window, dogl-bared and high. "The doors af the ects
stated and Using on thie aceonrd always open othe ingens wad geese
Of asthe atmoathere bea fice course trough the hoese

nce hy «pump, which splice ate, em which a

plying conveniences for wach i tho bal

iy bases, a

towels beng provided for the purpoe., There are howeren no ena

{rgcraig The cee aid edting the rons te
‘vasied ono 0 eek

No lights ar allowed a night, except in cum of sickness

‘he dietary connint, in the morng, of Hal, potato, an coffe, and
sometimes moa, and for dine sh et, ot pork, aad polatoen "we
teal only aro given dll.

The manne fr warning. the prison are excollnt, being by a fruaco
fn the basement, which auppiena curcont of warmed sir though rear
teceinthoooreof the halls, This method in cuoonicel and wholeme,
the latter adjective needing qualifcatio ey in sferece tothe sours
Wionce thea in obtained, 1¢ being dvcty feo the calla, weap
to becharged withthe dust of the Coal and arn which are deposited
there. Aco at dct, conectig: tho chaubor of the fernace drcly
With the outer al, would greatly Improve the arrangement at 8 Wey
tig expense

The pinishmenta emplized ve chains, privation of food, and»
ict dangcon ender gsonnd the Inter very sed resorted ih
Jn the opuion of th udrsigned, it woul be very wonate te do fot
many burs at Une

THE COUNTY PRISONS. 349

Prisoners taken sick at might can only obtain assistance by calling
‘through the windows to the keeper, who sleeps nest.

‘eparute cells are the only means of separation of the sexes, but these
being on opposite sides of the same halla, with the doors immediately
pperite each other, ol and visual communications may be ninter-
rupted,

No insane persons have heen admitted, except temporarily dn tranetu
toother places. About one a month ia sont to the Aaplam st Utiea
from thie counts, Kight have been sent this year, borides others to
private institutions

‘The present building was erected in 1855, is built of stone, immedi
ately adjoining the Cont House, and is about 30 by 40 fect in dimen

‘The number of escapes under tho prosent shorif have been Bve, three
by digging nder the wall, and two by throwing « bed quilt over the
turnkey, and boldly seiving the Rey. Two of them were roenvered

"Tho special iucitomonts to rime here are the great anmber of lager
hoor saloous snd its locality as the terainus of the Delaware de Hudson
Can

55. Wannes Cooney.

Bmnployoent of Prisoners-—They have nove, except cleaning and
whitewashing the jail

‘Means of Intellectual Calture—There {8 no brary belonging to the
prison. The jailor lends them books and newspapers, which they gem
frally use with care, No secular instruction is imparted.

“Meane of Religious Culture—There are no Bibles in the prisoo, nor
any preaching or individual efforts for tho religious instruction of the
prnousrs, They are aa effectually cut off from all Christian eulture a8
though they were in heathen land. ‘There is no one to reprove, re-
Duke, admonish, or console them; no one to Tend them a helping hand if
‘hey desto to reform, oF to procure them places or countenance if they
Wish to acquire an honest Tiving.

Prison Distary.—The prisoners ate fed from the deputy sheriff's own,
table, and live just as he does. There is no regular ill of far.

Sanitary Condition —Tha prison is fo the bagement of the court house,
nd is partly under ground. Iti very damp, and quito unfit to be the
bode of Lunisa beings. Ove of te prisoners alluded to in the report
fof last year is still in confinement, and bas booome a cripple in conse
‘quence of the wnbealthiness of his cell. Another, who tis boen confined
‘much aborter time, i suffering from inflammatory rheumatism, caused
by the dampnoss und vitiated air of his cell, There have been no deaths
in the prigon tho pat year.

Oleantiness.—The water for washing and drinking is carried into the
Jilin pails from the outside, Washing their persons is not made ob-

350 Rgpont oN

Higatory on the prisonera, but they genecally do it voluntarily. ‘They
fare supplied with tin basins and towels, but aosp and combs are sa
plied by the sheriff out of hia ova pocket; the county. allows nothing.
for these items. Tho shevff also furnishes razora at his own expense
‘There are ao means of bathing isoners clothes and beddin
‘washed oneo a week: ‘They are supplied with cotton shoots and pil
‘eases, and woolen blankets. ‘The jel ja fee from vermin, but is not
Kept as well whiteseashed nor as clean as it might and ought to be
‘The night tubs are emptied daily, but an unpleasant efluviam from
thom is wory apparent.

iuing.— There ia a window opening outside, and accessible at all
tinea, in each coll, 14 inchos by 18 inches, ‘There is no regular rule
About farnishing lights at night ; sometimes the sheriff allows therm, aad
At other timer refinos thom ; sometimes they sre required to extinguish
thom at @ o'clock P.M, and sometimes they are eft all night in the eels,

“Feating.—Rach ool has a woo stove in it, Pires aro necessacily
kept up in them daring the greater part of the year.

Discipline —No. punishments, either moral or physleal, are ever se
sorted to in thie jl

‘Suiilen Icae-—'The keeper sleeps in the basement on the side of the
coridor opposite tothe doot of the cell, aud can easily hear a prisouer’s
call, iP he becomes il in the night.

‘Siparation of the Sezes.~The worvcn's cell is contiguous to that of the
men's, 60 that thoy eau converse without diffculy, altiougl they cannot
see each other. The jailor ways thet they do converse constantly, and
thoir conversation is genecally of the moat corrupting character.

Clasyifcation—None whatever is attempted,

Tasanity—One woman in a stato of prognancy wns committed last
‘your, who procured ebortion within the Jail.” Tuis waa followed by sew:
feral works of violent mania, bat she recovered ber sanity while sho 1o-
mained, Tt is apposed that the means of procuring the abortion were
suppliad by a confederate through the outer windows,

Prison Building—Brooted in 1835. As before stated, it occupies a
portion of the taaement of the conrt-hodee, and the portion occupied a3
‘jail moasures 25 foot by 18 feat. The reat of tho basement is cecupied
Ly the jnilor’s family. There are two strong cells for men, and one
weaker one in which women are coafined, The calla are ten and a half
fect by aeven feet, and seven and a half feet high to the top of the arehed

y ate furnished with wooden bunks,
two and m half feet thick, but the
‘mason work ia not good, wd many small stones wore used in its com
0, $0 that ieamight bo dug throwgh by = prisoner supplied with
the requisite tools, ‘The cell doors are of oak plank, with fron gratings
nailed on. The window of one of the cella has double gratings; Ue
others have only single gratings of volt iron, There live beom 09

THE COUNTY PRISONS. 361

escapes during the past year, but daring the previous one two prisoners
dog through the wall of their cell into the cell used for semen, wh
(was unlocked, and thas effected thoir escape, ‘The wooden bunks far-
ish thor with the meane of procuring very dangerous levers, though
‘ve did not learn that they had even been uaed for that purpose.

56, Wasuisotox. Couxry.

Tn some important particulars, this prison presenta striking and
fcorable contrast with most others visited by the undersigned, ‘The jal
resister isin printed form, and the fullnest of the reoord shows great
faithfulness on the part of the sherif, Mr, Benjamin P. MeNott, and of
his son, Charles E.MeNett, who is the. inmedinte keeper, aba also
epmty sbevil

‘The bills of expenses of the jail include some interesting facta. Tn
the frst place there aro no salaries, except for the physietan, end that is
Dat 812 per antum, and even at that maderate rate the office fa a sive
cute, there having been up 10 the present time this year no eall for the

‘A fow years sinoo $200 a year was paid for med

was subsequently lot by coutrect at 850 per

‘nim ia the second year at $15, end now at $12, ‘The clothing for
prisoners the Tast year cost $46; the beding, $50; ropaie, 810; prison
fv washing, $50. For cleaning and whitewashing, 610 a month is
tllowed; and for heating, line, chloride of lime, and ether migcellancous

‘The preseot enimated valve of the real esate is 66,000. The prison
lisa no library of its own, but the sheriff generously supplics three de-
irons of reading with magasines and papers of his own. ‘There
tither seculae nus religious instruction given, Dut thove ia « euficient
‘supply of Bibles.

With a single exception, the sanitary management is wll conducted,
tho exception being @ water close, enclosed in w box with w doo, eitwe
ated in eue corner of the corridor, which is very offensive, for want of
sufficient wator 10 koop it feo, though it is washed out daily

‘The prison ia well lighted in the day time by windows, and at night
the very unusual and humane privilege of light is allowed the prisoners
in each cell of those desiving i, by which to read as long as they please.
A tember of tho committee visited the jail at 10 P.M, and found the
‘only prisoner who could read enjoying this privilege, with gratitude to
the shevif therefor. They, however, furnish their own eandles.

‘The present aherif,thongh naw in his thind year of sorvice, has bad
but one cecasion 40 punish prisoner, and tat was by chaining bim

‘Tho exes, though females are very rarely found thore, are veparated
by being placed in diferent stories of the building, No escapes are ro
ortod since last year.

352 ‘EPORT oN

Under its prosent management this prison presents « highly com
readable aspect, and the committee cordially endotses the oonclading
[paragraph of last yoar' report pon it, vi: that it has the sppearance
Of careful and jadicious attention from the Keeper and the slteri, who
flso seem to take a personal interest im he present cotfort and fature
‘welfare of the prisoners.”

57, Warwe Cousrr,

Prison Building—Desceibed in lest roport, and no change sinc,
rected in 1854,

“Enployment.-Nove excopt cleaning jail, ke.

‘Means of Intlotuat Cultuire-—None, 0 books, no instrection. The
sheriff loans his own books occasionally, and supplies daily papers,

Meligiows Iustrction-—Ts jal ie appli with Bibles by tho County
Bible Sucioty. ‘The nomaber of copies at the time of onr vist was three
for the mn sud one fer the women, Copies of the New York Brangelist
as well as of the Amerioan Messenger are supplied. More individual
‘flrt seems to be expended upon the prisoners here than in most of oar
alls, Two clergymen and some pious laymen have called repeatedly
luring the year, and labored for Wie apivitual benelt, with what results

‘The numberof prisoners being smal, they
tare for the most part supplied from the sheriff's own table. ‘They have
genuine coffe ia the morning, flavored with sugar and milk. They have
flso buckwheat eekes omer a day in winter, and meat with potatoes and
beans twice a day; eather ton good living for prisoners.

‘Sanitary Condition —The plysicéan of the jail has been called in bat
trwioe during the year. No doath has occurred

sinest—The jail ie supplied with water regularly twice a day,

‘and in sumer three times, or more froqueatly if called for. ‘There is a
wast bowl in each apartment, Prisoners aro required to wash them
telves daly, Soap, combs, and towels are provided, each prisoner hav
ing 2 towel to imeell. ‘There are no means of bathing, bot a pall fll
fof warm water ie furnished for each room on Sabbsth morning. The
Clothing is washed weekly, and the bed blankets every two months. The
straw in the beds is changed once « year, and the ticks washed at the
fame tine. Tho doors are serublied uenally ouce « week, and the wells
‘whitewaslied once in two months, No bedbuge have ever beon seen in
the jail

“Lighting —~Phe prison is sbundantly lighted throagh tho windows by
day; but no lights ace furnished at night, Prisoners may provide then
elves with light, which in point of fact they commonly do.

Heating By & Tarnace; but itis diffcalt to make the jail safiiently
swarm in very cold woatber:

Diseipline:—The only punishmont used is Locking fn the ell, Thi

‘THE COUNTY PRISONS. 353

however, has boon used but throe times in as many yesra. The govern
ment is hy moral ageuele, Kind treatment and friendly counsel

‘Sudden Illness at Night-—Tao aberff sleeps 60 pear that be ean readily
bear prisoners when they spesk. His bed toca door and the outer door
of the prigon aro loft open at night.

Sipiration of the Soara.—The exisinal departinent, of the male prison
ix so situated that no interconrse with the female prisones ean take
plioe, The debtor's room adjoins thet of the women, from which i i
feparated only bys lath aud plaster partition, Conversation ean be
eudily held, to fhellitate which, however, a hole is sometimes made
throw the wall

fation,—Tn enmmer, the boys aro’gonerally kept themselves
inthe winter, no attempt at classifying ia rade

Ieanity—One insane pauper from Seneea county was committed for
sate Looping, and tetumed to the same for support, Aman, committed
for murder, armed out to be insane, aud was soat to the State asylam
st Utica,

58. Westeussrsu Couxry

ployment of Prizonere-—They have n0 profitable oceapation, ‘They
ace somtimes emplayed in cleaning aud whitewashing, ‘Two men, ea
an average, are employed in the kitchen, Tho women are ocoupled
partof the Lime ia washing. ‘Tho eolls are whitowasbed evory fortnight;
the prison walls twieo a yoar. ‘The Hoes are scrubbed twice « week
[ast your the prisoners dog a sewer on the prison grounds worth $200,
Means of Intrectual Culture Twenty-five or thirty volames have
boon eontibated by benevolent iadivideale in the neighburhood, of an.
Listoriest and religions charac rw reed these. works with inte-
care nothing for them. The sheriff sup-

Me Shem with newspapes, whic are real with avidity, No scalar

for each cell js furnished by the
County Bible Soeiety, but they are often destroyed ia mere wantonness
Rev. Mr. Rumney, of the Episcopal denomination, preaches every alte
nate Sabbath to the prisonera with mach acceptance. ‘There is no ay
lematic effort by laymen for the beset of the prisoners, but ladioa
ocrasionally distribute tract to them,

‘The Prison Dietary.—Breaktaat: Bread and molasses a Whtumm with
ta, Dinner : Boiled fresh beef, with soup and potatoes. Pork is some-
times substituted for beet. Supper: Mush wnd molasses, The bread is
of tye and tho mash of Indian meal. Aon once a fortnight they give
salt cod fr in

Sanitary Condition. —The Vuilding ia situated in an open place, whore
itis expored to curventa of perfectly pure, feos air. Tho pol is dry,
And easily draws off the water that fulleon the surface, Tue ouly ven

[Ascom, No. 62.] 23

REPORT ON

tilation provided fn tho ects fs through a citcular aperture aix Inches in
diameter, aboxt fout feet from the for. Oa holding a flame before them,
ro curvent whatever waa porcoptible, excopt in tho contral cals of the
middle tier. One black man died fa the prison last year io consequence
of selFinficied starvation, Dr. df, K. Schmatd, the vory intelligent ph
bicfan of the jail assneed ns that slthongh theoretfeally the prison was
very deficion, especially in light and fresh ir inthe eels, yet pact
tally tho men almost slways wont out hottor tan they eame is, that
Tittle oF no disense was engendered within ita walla, and thet the pie
vrilingy diseases that he ia called upon to treat ave the venereal and
Aeliiane tremens, loth af which aro of course contracted onteide of the
prigos, ‘The sberif? and jailor contimed thie report of the physician,
fand the prisoners thomeclves said they were quite wel
‘Cleanliness—The jail was thoronghly cleans the garments of the
peisonors and deie bedding wore also elvan, ‘There ie force pamp
within the jail, by which the peiaoners may ralse from the well any
fmount of water they require, or by tarning a cock they may obtain
Tain water from a cisturu inthe yard, ‘There ie « sink ip the coreido,
‘where those not confined to their cells ean wasl as much as they please;
11 in their cells havo water carried to thom in pals
‘whion thoy come in they aro stripped and
heir ablations afterwards
they are compelled to wash, Soap is fornished by the county, bat
Prisoners aloort invariably Lelng their own combs with them. Towels
fre also furnished by the county, but many of the prleonera acom to take
‘2 malicious pleasure in destroying: them, and some steal them when
going out, No tabs or other appliances for bathing are found io the
Jail; one or two bathing tubs are very mach needed. A brash and razor
Tor ahaving sro provided for tho2e who havo novo ; the peismmers shave
‘each other, ‘The prisonese! clothes are washed ovce a week, of oftener
H they desire it; the bed blankets are washed onco in three weeks ia
faumaer, aid once in four weeks in winter
Lighting—Thore are four Tonge and narrow windows on each side of
the prison, Dut the calls are insticiently Tighted. There are thees =
Durers, which burn vail 9 cfelock P-AL, Two of thera are then turn
‘off the other buena all night
Heating. Two cont stover, ono in each eoeridor, keep the prisum (itis
said) suficiently warm in winter
‘Diseipine.—There are-20 punishments employed, excopt that, whea
Aigordery, prisoners ave locke in their cells in the day time; and some-
times, when very obstreperous, they are chained, The moral meant
‘omplayed are very slight,
‘Budde Hsess—The jail i soparated by a considerable distance from
the court house, where the jailer sleeps, We wore informed thot ho bas
‘always boon aroused when his presence lns been rendared necessary bY

HE COUNTY PRISONS. 855

‘tne ia the nig, but it seemed to ws that some better means of eotn-
‘munication ovght to be provided. We oan readily conceive that serious
mgt scour, where it would be impossible to aronso the keepoe
ime, expecially when the wind is Blowing violently daring ou wittor
‘Siparation of the Suzes—Tho seomen are eonlined in the upper tier of
cls, and a sng irom door prevents the men frou comiag upon thele
igallery; Unt the man and women can ace each other aud eonverse tor
gether as much as they ploace, The demoralizing iniaence of thi inter.
uve ia vary appaten, aud ealls Toudly for remedy
Clowifoation—No classification whatevar is waintaived, Thore cen
te litle improvement hr our commun jaila tntil the peaoners are ontinely
igolated aad rigifly opt in aoparate calla
Proon Shulding The inilding was commenced in 1885 and finished
in 1857. Its of Iaage blocks of stone; the wall je 24 inches thick and
‘oun busily be Fareed, There aru thvoo ters of eels, ‘There are 12 cella
jn the lower and middle tiess severally, and 19 in the upper tier. ‘The
‘cli are of two sizes, the smaller being fve feet hy ten and a half, and
We foet highs the larger, eight feet three inches wide by ton feet wie
Inches, and eight foot high. Iu tho largo celle there ato 0 awing
eds, The jail je mach too anal for the number of prisoners confined.
theres tho demoralization arising: fom associntion during. tho day is
sreatly aguravated by association at night, Twenty now celle onzht
to bo added to the prison at once, and a wall erected thrawzh the middle
of te corridor, eo as to divide it into at least two apartments entively
oparate from each other. Should any contagious fever ever Ligak out,
the want of such separatinn will become fearully apparent.
wurily of the Prison—Tho walla ere exicieutly strong; wo think
no one will ever attowpt to escape varough them. ‘The gratings of the
external winduwa ate of soft iron, ‘The interior bars aught to be made
Of eteel, so ax to resist the watch spring saw, which is the most power
fal instrument of the Burglar, and which ean be easily concealed in the
loots or ater parts of the dees, The locks are situated about aixteen
inches trom the janie of the door, but they have been pieked by prigon-
rs within the cally by means of false Kkoys made from the ti obtained
fiom a japanned lamp tied ty a pleee of board.  Pive prisoners escaped,
Aitce getting out of theie cells, they ent throng
themselves down to the gronnd by their bedding, The
escape from this jail are sawingg rough the iron gratings,
‘the ose of falee keys, or aetaccing the keeper while within the jail and
taking his keys fvom hit, Openings might be easily and wsefully made
trough tho wall hetween the inner and outer corridors, x0 that the
keeper eould seo what waa going on at any time withont Deing een
himself ‘the entrance door should be hung Rush with the innor face of
the corcidor wall, and » hemispherical grating insested init so that the

336 REPORT ON

Jallor can see who is each side of the door before he opens ft. With
those improvements, tho jel would be very secur.

59. Worse County.

Prison Buslaing—Brected in 1841, Material wood. Dimensions 26
feet by 82 feet. Namber of cell eight, four foet hy nine, and nine fot
high. There iss donble bed in each cel ‘There are ulso foe roomie ot
a larger sae,

Enployment —Nove.

Moana of Education—No Wbraey, aud po wecalae instraction, The
sherif eapplies the inmates with newspapers, and loans them books from
ig own library.

iligions Tustrwction—Bach room is supplied with a Biblo at the ex:
pongo of the county. The Rev. Mr. Harwood, the Bpleeepal miniater of
the place, comes frequently on the Sxbliath and spends balf an hour,
holding a service, when these are prisoners enotigh.

‘Prison Distary,—The pricuncre are supplied from the sheri table,

Sanitary Cyndition.—Most of the prisoners are sali to improve in
hlth while in ja. No denth lina occured ia th Laat thes years

Cleanliness —The jail ix supplied with ‘well water for driuking, and
clatern water for washing, which is inteedgeod in pails. The prisoners
fre reguized t0 wash, Soap, combs and towela are furnished, No means
for bathing. Prisoners’ clothes washed werkly always, sometimes
foftener, Shoots and pillowcases ‘are used, which ate. also wadhed
‘weokly. Anew prisoner fg alwaya provided with closn sheets. Vere
min abomnded when the present sheriff eame into offee ; ho bas suc
‘ceeded in Sighting: them all away. Only ener uring tho past year have

xy been disooverod, The jail it svubbed usually ovee a wet
‘wliole prisun is whitowached every spring; the eolls much oft

‘Lighting Well Vghted hy day 5 lighte not peosided at night, bat al=
lowed if fisnished by the prisoners, which ie quite commonly dove,

‘Heating ~Theee wood raves.

Discipline —Prniahinorts are almost unknown. In one of two ine
stancon prisoners have been Ineked for « short time in thelr eal. The
therif treats the prisoners kindly, and they fel Kindly towards him. No
Profanity is allowed,

Sudden Wnase ot Night —The sheriff sleeps a0 near that any noise
rade by a prisoner ean bo hoard.

Clawyfation—None attempted.

Insanity-—One ease ; be was taken to tho insane asylum a¢ Bethany:

60, Yaras County,

Prison Building —Brected in 1860, Pally described last yoer, and
zo alterations since.
Enployment of Prisoners, Nouo, except litle jobs about the jal

‘IR COUNTY PRISONS, 387

Menos of Inaltectual Calture.—No Wibrary and no instruotion, ‘The
serif lends the prisoners papers, also books whon desired

‘Meene of Religious Culenre—Phe prianers have two Bibles, and take

rod euro uf them. There is no preaching. Christian layinon ooeasion-
lly come in to talk with them, but not ayatematically nor frequently.

Prison Dielary —Uree meale a day, "Soe last report.

‘Ssuitary Condition —-Tlealth of the prisvoere usually good. Pew aise
‘eases except vencroal and tromens, No death bas oeentred fa the jail
fe the lat threo years,

Gieantiness "good supply of well and_cistern water, Brought in in
pile. There ie good luk in the jai. ‘The prisoners are required to
wash Svap, combs, tnd towels ate furnished, No means for bathing.
Clothing washed wocklys shouts and pillow oases the same; quills once
fs mouth, Beds fled and ticks washed ones in two months, Jail
serabbed by prisoners generally once a week, soraetimes twice,

Lighting —The prison ie wl Hghted ia the daytimes aud at night the
iscnors ure allowed « candle tlt 7 vslock.

Heating Thea woud stoves,

‘Diesipine—Locking in calls ‘isthe only panishment used, Only one
van has reccived this disciplines women oft

Sudden Hinese af Night—Toe noder-aberif? sleeps in au adjoining
partment, A trusty prisoner ia aleo always Jett in the hal,

‘Separation of the Seon —Tiny enn converse together tecely.

(Classfication—None atte:npted,

Incanity~- One inzano person was committed for safekeeping; he was
‘ent to the inaave aaylum at Canandaigna

Respectfully submitted,
BOW

BS,
JOHN STANTON GOULD, commdes
SOHN H, GhISCOM,

New York, Jan, 2, 1868,

CHARTER AND coNsTITUSIOS

wy
CHARTER AND CONSTITUTION.

[Ar Act 20 Ixcomronane rut Patsox Assoorsnow or New Yor.
‘The People of the Slate of Nowe York, represented in Svnate and Avsenily,
Ato enact aa fllvus

§ 1. All soch perouns: as nove are and hoveaftor shal Uccome members

S ecid Association, parsvant to the constittion thoreof, shall be

Toiy corpornte by the name of “Fhe Prison

ff New York,” and by thet name Ive tho powors that by

tile of the eighteenth chapter af the Brst part of tho Revised

it shat be cape

holding and conveying any estate, rea! o persona

for the nee of aid corporation: Provided auch real estate shall never

fexcoed the yeurly value of ten thonsnnd dollars, nor be applied to ay
purpose otlce than thoxe Soe which this eorporalion ig fonBed.

ameue I

"The object of the Association shal

1. The amelioration of the eoudition of prisoners, whether detained
for trial, or laally convicted, oF a8 witnesses,

‘2 "The improvement of prison discipline, and the government of prise
fone, whether for eites, or counties, oF Stato.

3. The snppart and encouragement of reformed convicts after thie

mnling them the menna of obtaining. an honeatvel-
hood, and sustaining them in their efforts at veform.
Acre. Th

‘the officers of the society shall bo 8 president, vice-presidant; a or
seaponding secretary, a recording noeretary, a teeaeaves, and an exec
tive committee

Awneie TH.

‘the officers named in the pracedingg article shall be exfto, members
of the exceatite comtnittes, who aball ebuoge one of their aomber to be
chairman thereof,

Armour TV.

‘The executive committer shall meet once in each month, and keep
regular minutes of their proceedings, ‘They shall have a general super
ntendence and direction of tho affcies of tie society, and shall annually

OF mn x. ¥. PRISON ASSOCIATION. 859

report tothe socioty all their procsedinga, and such olher matters as
Shull be likely to advance the ends of the Aseociation,
Armictx V.
‘The society shall moet annually in the eity of Now York, at such time

Gesigaate.

Any person contributing: annually to the funds of the Asaociation
shall, daring such eontsibution, be a member thereof, A eoatribntion
of five hundved dollar shall constitute life patron; a conteibation of
sine buvdred dotlara ait hoaraty member of the executive eumuittoe for
Tie; and a contribution of swenty-ire dallara sliall constitute & member
‘of the Association for life, Honoracy and eoreesponding members may
fiom tine to tine be appointed by thu executive cummittee
Annet VIL

A female department shall be formed, consisting of auch females as
shall be selected by the executive committee, who shall have charge of

1 itevest and welfare of prisoners oftheir sex, under such regulations
as te execative comoitiee shall adopt

Agnus: VII

‘Tho officers of the Association sball be casen annually at the anntal
meeting, at which time auch persons may be eleeted honorary members
tu sball havo rendered essential ccrvice to the caus of prison diseipine

Aces 1X.

Any nociety, having the same object in view, may become auxiliary
to thie Assoviation Ly contributing to il funds end cooperating with i,
Awncix X.

‘The executive committee shall have power to add to any of the stand-
ing commitices such persone as, iu their opiaion, may be Hkely to pro:
mote the objects of the society; and shall have power to fll any var
ceney which may ooene in any of the ices of the Association, interme:
iste the annual meeting.

anes XL

‘This constitution may bo amended by a volo of the maj
tociety, at any meoting thereof, provided notice of tho amendment has
been givon at the next precoding meetin

The offcers elected for the cursont year under the constitution shall
continue to be the oflcers thereat until others shall be duly chosen in
ir places

‘And itis hereby further enacted that no managor of eald socloty shall
teevivo any compensation for his services,

360 CHARTER AND CONSTITUTION

§.8. The said executive committee shall have power to establish a
-workshonso in the county of New York, and in thelr diserosion ta receive
‘and take into the work:honse all such persone a9 ball be taken wp and
committed as vagrants ov disorderly persona, i wald city, asthe court
of general sessinis of the peace, or the cnn of special sessions, or the
tourt of ogee and terminer, in anid county, ot any police magistrate, of
of the alms-hovee mny doom proper objects ; and the
fald exocative cowmitios shall have the enme power to keep, detain
fand govern the said persons as are nove by law entered on
o keepers of the bridew in sid ety
4. The enid exccnt time fo tine, make by
laws, ordinance 8 =
position of the extate and concerns of euid Association, and the manage
ment, government, instction,dseipline, and etployment of the pers
0 a8 afuressid committed to the said work-howse, not contrary £0 lave,
far they may deem proper aad may appoint sacl offown, agente, and
fservanis as. they may deom necessary 1p teansact the business of the
faid Association, and may designate theit duties, And the said excoe:
tivo committer hall make an anual report co the Legislarure, and to
‘the corporation of tho city uf Now York, of the number uf petsons se
red by them intosnid warlchouse, the disposition lic shall be made
of them, by instructing or ih ceipte and ex
‘penditusea of said exeentive comuuition, and generally all sec facta nd
Particulars ae mos exhibit the operations of the said Association,
§5. The said executive committee shall hee povret, during the mic
nority of any of the paréona 20 committed to thy
bind oul the eid persons, 00 ben
or ectvante, with thot ©
fand at euch places, to learn such yroper trades and employments as i
their jnement shall be most conducive to their reformation aud amends
iment, and future benefit and
$6. The said execati
from time to time appoint, shall have powes, snd it stall be their duty
‘0 visit, inspect, and examine sll te prisons in th State, and annoally
report fo the Legislature their atate and condition, and all sneh ober
things in regard to them as may enable the Lagislatare to perfect their
government and discipline, And to enable them to execute tho powers
And perform the dutien Thereby granted and imposed, they shall pnstess
fall the powers and anthorty tat by the twenty-fonrth section of ttl
first, chopter third, part fourth of the vevised statutes, ave vested in the
ingpectors of county prisona ; andthe datice of tbe keopors of each
prison that they may examine’ shall bo tho eain in relation to them as,
fn the ~ection sforesaid, ara imposed on the ‘Keepers of such price ia
relation to the inspectors thereof; provided, thas no such exemination
(or inepeczion of eny prigoa shall be made natil an order for that purpose,

OF SRE W. ¥. PRISON ASSOCIATION. 801

to granted by tho chancllor f this Stat, or one of he Judge ofthe
Bape Ooutt ty vooiunclo or chou judge of Df te et
Sug the nity nme the print be cuamived sul be stated,
Sia ho bave Geen bd and blind wie order hal ype the
tame of the pve De axtied, the name of the prema mrbars
Ot in ut Arvocaton, by whom ha examination iso bw tad and th
fine win wie the eae must be conleded
Same om Naw Yon.)
Shoat ay 38 }
Tus UM having buon read the td tin, and ede fal ho
imanters ected the Semi votlog Is favee here,
Towed Pint the illo pues,
Ty ovdr oft Senate A. GARDINER, Provident,
Ste or Ney Yom}
1s atntanuy apr at a,
‘un Mavng tee rad he ed tne ad fv of th
iments ueted tthe Aaron voting In vor eet
“otek, Toa the Vil do pao,
By ode of the Asal. WO 0_ORAIN, Sper,
Arproved thie bday of May, 1848, sitas Witch
nm ov New Yo,
Saran Ores |
{have compsted the preeting whan origina! law ane i ti
tt whe a eid origin
{ua} ie wesinony whsret, re beromioafiaed the weal fa
fie, at th sty of Albany, thn Jaro oe Lod one
{Goneand eight honed and frets
[ARCHD CAMPBELL, Dp. So of St,

Revise Searcren—Part IV, Chapter 8, Tile 1.

§ 26, Teehall be the duty of t of each of the enid prisons to
tdmit the anid inspecturs, or anp ane of them, into every part of such
prisoa; to exhibit 19 them on demand, all the books, papers, documenta
anil accounts pertaining to the prison, or to the persons confined therein
and to render them every other fac over, to enable them
to discharge the duties above And for the purpose of
obtaining the necessary information, to enable them to make sich report
as is above required, the said inepectora shall have power to exaraine on
ath, to be adininistered by either of tho said inspectors, any of tho off-
cere of the eaid prison, ai to converse with any of the prisoners coae
‘ned therein, without the presence of tho Keepers thereof, or any of them,

BY-LAWS OF THE

(0.)

BY-LAWS OF THE PRISON ASSOCIATION OF
NEW YORK.

L—Thete shall be @ stated mesting of the excutive committes om the
fouith Wednesday of each month, and special meotings shall be held on
‘the roqolsition of tho chaizman or any three mombers of the executive
committee, The eal firs epecial meting shall, n all casos, state the
business to be trunsuoted ut said mooting,

TL—At every meeting of the executive committee, ve members shal
be necessary to constitate a quorum,

‘I].—The orlor of business, a every stated meeting, shall bo as ole

lows
1. The readiog and approval of the minutes of tho last preceding
Report of the treasures,
Roports from» stauding comsnitees,
Report from the co:tesponding secretary.

[Report from the general agent
Reposta frum special cumnmittecs
Miscollancous business,

1 shall be trausacted than that

1V. The chairman shall appoint all special committees, and no person
onthe yb aa acne, als pe ein stat a

‘Y. The chairman shall Jcide all questions of onde, subject to a0
appeal; and the roles of order shall be those embodied in Cushing’s
‘manusl, co far as thoy aro applicable.

‘V1, There aball be four standing committees, namely

A committer on faance,

‘A committee on detentions,

‘A commitioo on discharged convicts, and

‘A comraittes on prison diecipline

‘VIE, Te hall be tho duty of the finance committer

1. To dovive ways and means for obtsining the fonds necessary to
any on the work of the Association; and they may, nt thoir discretion,
femploy an agent to collect the requisite funds,

2. To andit all bills against the Association ; and no bill all be
by tho treasurer unlese approved Ly the committee and counterigaed ly
the chairman,

[PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORI,

8, To audit and report upon the treaeurers accounee annnally

4. To invest and control the sueplus moneys of the Association, under
the authority of the executive committe,

‘VIIL_—It shall bo the duty of the committee on detentions :

L To inguire, a8 far oe may be practienble oF necessary, into tho
ceaubos of commitment of porsune in tho prisms and houses of detention
in the cities of New York and Brooklyn, aid to adopt proper measutes
for procuting the discharge, or providing for the defence, of wucb a8
fall appear to bo entitled thereto.

2, To wiaitfoequestly the prlaone under their charge, and to endesvor
to improve both the physical and moval condition of the prisoners in all
situble and practicable ways,

vit
To correspond with prison agents or superintendents relative to
the character and teades of prisoners, and to ascertain previous to the
Aischarge of each prisoner, his feelings, views, and capabilities, with a
view ts making the best srrangements for his future employ

2, To Keep a tecord of all persons wha will employ discharged prisone
ss, and of thoit several occupations; to procure such employment for

1 acomne best adapted to the capacity of
tach ; to held coreespondonce with employers; to keep a record of the
fonduct and prospects of those for whom places have been obtained, that
they may be austainod and encouraged with the iden that @ continued
friendly interest i felt for them.

'2, To procure sultable boarding places for diachargia prisoners, whexe
they will not be expased to corrupting infuences—taking eare not to
have more than one in place, whore it esn be avoided,

4. To eee that the prisoners ere provided with suitable clothing, of @
Kd that will not attract particular attention

Smt shall be the duty’ of the committee on prison discipline:

‘To give attention to the Internal organization and management of
prisone, embracing the physfeal and amoral influences to be exerted on
tle pritoners duving their confinement. ‘This daty shall be comprised
under the following’ heads + health, reformation, convict labor, admin's
‘wation and internal police, eamparisen ef diferent prison systema, visit-
ation of prisona and houses of reformation, and the whole subject of
criminal law and penal justice

X1—Oae or more agenta may be appointed by the exeentire com:

ding committees in tho performance of thoit

XIT—The recording aeoretary of the Association shall be the scere-
tary of the executive committce ; and it shall be his duty to keep the
riuntes of the proceedings of said committee, to record them in a book
provided for the purpose, and to give duo notice of all meetings of the

804 r-Laws or mE pnisow assoctArION OF X. ¥.

XIIL—The corresponding secretary shall conduct the correspondence
ning. comlttecs,
agont of the Associa:

ing to the Association, shall pay over
‘shall report at each atated mecting of the executive
sive auch socurty for the faithful discharge of his

uty a8 that comoten chal requ
XV.—The president, chairman of the exeoutive enimittee, and corres:
ponding eoerctary, aall be mombers, ee oftio, of all the standing com-
XVI—No alleration shall bo made in thewe bylaws, except upon
notice of the proposed amendment given at a previous uveting of the

CONTENTS.