FIFTY - THIRD ANNUAL REPORT
Prison Association of New York
For tHe Year 1897.
TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE MARCH 30, 1898,
WXNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO.
STATE PRINTERS,
NEW YORK AND ALBANY,
1808,
_ State or New York.
IN SENATE
‘Manow 20, 1898,
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT
Prison Association of New York for Year 1897.
Puwsox Assocrastos ov Naw Yors,
No. 195 East Firrmevrn Szasns, Nuw Youn Orvy,
Hon. Timothy L, Woodruff, Lieutenant. Governor ¢ .
Sir—In accordance with chapter 163 of the Laws of 1846, we
hhave the honor to present herowith the Sfty-third annual report of
the Prison Association of New York, and to respectfully request
‘that you will lay the same bofore tho Legislatare.
Respectfully yours,
CHARLTON T. LEWIS,
Pid
Wo. M. F. Rooxp,
Corresponding Seoretary.
OFFICERS FOR 1898.
President,
CHARLTON 7. LEWIS.
View President,
CHAS. DUDLEY WARNER,
Tey, WENDELL PRIME, D. D.,
Tr. Rav. FD. HUNTINGTON
Correaponating Secretary,
W. M. F, ROUND, 135 East Fifteonth Street
Recording Secretary,
EUGENE SMITH.
Treasurer,
CORNELIUS B, GOLD, 15 Wall Sireot, New York.
Rrecutive Curnsnittes,
CHARLTON 7. LEWIS, Chairnan,
FP, Brncanes,
Brwr. Oapex Canon,
ver, M.D,
Sourer, M.D.
Wa. Hasusese,
Gro. C. Hoss,
Jxo. Wx. Huromscox,
oun R. Tuosas,
Saw’s Macaviey Tsexsox,
Ricwana A. McCray,
Joncas Moluex,
Eowanp B, Meer
J. Moweay Mironznt,
Fauvanios Pavaasos, M. Dy
Duax ace,
J. Samir Wann, Je,
©. D. Woon,
LIST OF COMMITTEES.
Library,
De. Saou. M. Sacxsox, Mz. J. Sunuy Waxn, da,
Aver Fawr, Mx, Enwarp B. Murer,
‘Ma, Cuas. Doviar Wanves
House.
Jorn W. Boronrssox, Mn. Joux R, Tuomas,
. Bans, Oonen Cmsorx, — Mu. C. D. Woon,
Da. Sawort, M. Jaexson.
Law.
Tasuxs MoKrxx, Ma. FP. Berar,
Ma, Guo. ©. Hour
Detentions.
. FP. Brsasy, Mu. Gro. ©. Hox,
. Gouer, Mx, J. Fuxmmtone Coors,
Mu J, Seer Warn, 3x,
Discharged Prisoners.
Bans, Oonms Cuno, Me, Wantiax Hares,
J. Seay Warp, Jz, Mr, Jonx R. Tnostas,
Me, Jou D. Orncss,
FOREIGN CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
Johann Wichern, Rauhe Haus, Horm bei Hamburg, Germany,
Herr Heinewann, 250 Hummer Landstrasse, Horn bel Ham
burg, Germany.
Alfred Davis, 18 St. Ermin’s Mansions, Westminster, London,
H.C.
Dr. Maurice Davis, 11 Brunswick Square, London, W. @.
Dr. Fobring, President Tribunal of Justice, Hamburg, Ger
many.
Flon. Fr. Stuckenberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Mons. Bonneville de Marsangy, No. 7 Rue Penthiovre, Paris,
France.
Senator Martino BeltraniScalia, Rome, Italy
J. J. Henley, Local Government Board Inspector, New Govern-
‘ment Office, Weatminster, London, England,
General Sir E, F, DuCane, London, England.
‘Mona, Robin (pastenr), 21 Rue Piatt, Belleville, Paris, France.
Dr. Guillaume, Bureaa of Statisties, Berne, Switzerland.
Dr, Richard Peterson, Director of Penitentiary, Christians
Norway.
Herman Adami, L1:D,, 5 Bismarck Strasse, Bremen, Germany.
Florence Davenport Hill, Oxford, England
Joanna Margarct Hill, 62 Hagley road, Birmingham, England.
Florence Nightingale, 10 South street, London, England.
William Tallack, Secretary Howard Association, 5 Bishopgate
street (without) London, England.
8 Ansvan Ruvonr op sire Pausow Astootatios or New Yon.
Walter R. Crofton,
moor Croft, Totton, Hampshire, Eng-
ana,
B, Ruggles Prise, 4
Rev. F.W
Arthur Maddison. Secitary Refomuttory aud Retuge Union,
Parliament stiect, London, England.
Walworth, E
Horsley, St, Johns Rector land,
London,
Senor M, Calista, Quito, Benador
Pastor Winktemau of the Pelaon Association of Saxony.
Rev, Dr. tJ. Seott, Rarely, Indta,
england,
De, Wolfgaus
ittermaier, Heidelberg, Germany.
Prof. Cesave Lowbroso, Turin, Staly
Boron R. Garofalo, 29 Larg
Hon. Michasl Kazarin, Department of Prisons, St, Petersburg,
Garofalo, Naples, Italy.
Russia,
Dr, Paul Balliexe, 128 Boulevard Hausman, Paris,
Six Jolin Scott, Malabar House, St Albans, England.
A. Riviere, Seeretary Socigté Generale des Prisons, 62 Rue
nsterdam, Davis,
ki Oinouye, Kabato, Hokkaido, Japan,
Rer. K, Tomeoka, 88 Miyamasce, Sibuya, Tokio, Japan,
R, Berenger, VieePresident du Senat, 11 Rue Portalis, Paris,
France,
HE. Sano, Secretary General, de la Societe Penitentiare ae
‘Tokyo, Japan,
Keigo Kiyoura, Vice Minister of Justice, Toklo, Japan,
5... Jackson, Hamilton, Rermnda,
J. Beuinwold- lam, Holland,
HONORARY CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Alabama—R. TI, Dawson, Montgomery; Miss Julia 8. ‘Tut
wiles, Livingston; Rev. A. L, Phillips, Pusealoosa.
Colorado.
S. Appel, Denver; Wm. F. Slocum, Colorado
Springs
California —Brain
rd F, Sinith Represa, Sacramento, Cal.
Conaectiewt— Franels Wagland, New Haven; Job C. Taylor,
Hartford
Plorida—L. B. Wombwell, Tallahassee,
Ibinois—Rev, Fred. H. Wi
Wes, Springheld; R, W. MeClangh.
rey, Joliet; ©. R. Henderson, Rev. H, H. Hart, Chicago.
Indiana—Thos. E, Ellison, Fort Wayne; Alvin 'E, Hert, Jeller-
month
sonvilles C. HF. Reeve, Py
Kansas—John D, Milliken, MaePherson.
Kentueky.-—R. A. Hancock, Frankfort,
Louisia
Michel Heymon, New Orleans; Clarence F. Low,
New Orleans,
Maine—Whitman Sawyer, Portland.
M
Jand—G, 8, Grinith, Baltimore,
Massacliusetts—Rev. 8, J. Barrows; W. F. Spalding, Boston;
F.B. Sanborn, Concord,
Michigan—Levl D. Barbour, Me, Agnes d’Areambal, Detrott;
L. ©, Storrs, Lansing; Rev. George H, Hickox, Jackson,
Minnesoin.—Samuel G. Smith, St. Paul; Austin TT. Young,
Minneapolis,
Missouri —Thos, P. Haley, Kansas Clty
10 Annvar Raront ov sue Ppisow Assoctation or New Yous.
‘New Jersey.—B. J, Anderson, ‘trenton,
New York.—7, B. Brockway, Elmira,
North Cavoliua.—Col. W. F. Beasley, Plymouth,
North Dakola-—N, 2. Boacher, Bismarck
Ohio—Gen, R. Brlnkerholl, Mansfield.
Ontario, Ganada.—iames Massie, Toronto.
Oregon.—Earl Hf, Wilbur, Portland.
Peunsylvania—I. «i, Wistar, Philadelphia,
‘Tennessee,—Rev, James A. Orman, D, D.; Rev. P. T. Cobb,
Nashville.
‘oxas—Jobn N. Henderson, Dallas; L, A. Whatley, Honte-
ville,
Vermont. D. Hazen, St. Jobusbury.
‘Virginia. —Robert Stiles, Rlemond.
Wisconsin —Clarence Snyder, James H. Heg, A. O. Wright,
Madison.
‘Washington —Jobn B. Catron, Walla Walla,
LIFE PATRONS.
By Consmimutioxs ov $500 on Monn av Oxw Trem.
Mrs, William E. Dodge.
Cornellus B. Gold.
‘Mrs. Cornelius B. Gold,
‘Walter Howe."
‘Adrian Teelin,
Henry K. MeFlarg.
Oswald Ottendorfer.
Miss Julia Rhinelander.*
Miss Serena Rhinelander.
‘Jacob H. Sohisl,
Roswell Smith.*
William H. Scott.
Lispenard Stewaet.
Dean Sage.
Mra, A. 7. Stewart
Cornelius Vanderbilt.*
‘William K, Vanderbilt.
John Darla Wolte.
Catherine L. Wolte.*
Mrs. Anna Woerishotter,
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Ry Coxramurioxs oF $100 4° Ose Toms,
Joba Caswell
Samuel B. Caldwell
George B. Archer.
William H. Aapinwatlt
William 3. Astor.*
3.3. Astor
Mies. Caroline W. Astor
‘Samuel P, Aver W. B. Comor,
Rey. N.S, 8, Reman, Toy, N.L.? Esastis Corning, Albany.*
award Cooper.
A.B. Conger.
Wiltiam B, Crosby.
Mrs, Frederick Billings, Joba b. Ceimmins.
Predgrick Billings. 3. W, Curtis.
E. ©, Bogert
William T. Booth.
Rey, Phillips Brooks, DD?
‘Alexander Hargeaves Brown, M. William Butler Duncan.
Henzy W. BeBorest.
George N. Cnatia”
Rev. Dr, Darling, Albany.
William £. Dodge."
P., Liverpool, England,
James Brown. ‘Theodore W. Dwight."
M, Basard Brown, Eayin Einstein,
HK. Bull aes,
B, Ogden Chisolm. ALR, Flowe:
W. 5. Chisolm. George S. Fraser,
Alfred Coming Clark.* Blbridge . Gerry
Winthrop 8. Gilman,
Withiam ©, Gilman,
Lincoln $. Gold.*
Willow F. Cochran.
HK. Coming,
R, Fotton Cutting.
Avnas, Revorr or mp Puisox Actociaiox or Naw Yors. 12
Mies Catherine L. Gold.*
Prederick 7. Hill
De. J. G. Holland.*
Joseph Howland, Matteawan,
Mrs. Joseph Howland, Mattea-
way, N.Y,
Dr, Elisha Harvie”
E. ©, Homans.*
Meredith Howland.
Mark Hoyts
Ciarence M. Hyde,
Samuel Macauley Jackson,
John Tasior Sohnston.*
James R. Keene,
Mortis K. Jesup.
James H. Jones
John S. Kennedy.
James Lenox.
‘Mise Lonos,
Piovre Taritlard.
Peter Lorillard."
Wom. P. Letchworth,
Chariton 7. Lewis,
Woodbory G. Langdon.
Robert J, Livingston.
3. Mead.
Richard A. MeCurdy.
Mis, C. L. MeLanahan
Allen MeLane.
Samuel F.B. Morse.*
George D. Morgan.
Adam Notie.*
,R. M, Olyphant.
Daniel Parrish,
E.D. Peters,
George B. Phelps
Wendell Prime, D. D.
John A. Pullen.
George ©. Rand.
Tatham G, Reed,
W. ©. Rhinelander,
©. RB, Robert."
©. V. 8. Roosevelt.
‘Theodore Roosevelt.”
J, Hampden Robb.
Henry B. Renwick.
Horace Russell
George 1. Seney.*
James 8. Seymour, Auburn,
Alfred Sully.
Adam 'T. Sackett.
Joseph: Sampson.
Mrs, Mary Sheafe,
3.8, Sheate.*
©. H, Shipman.
‘William G. P. Shedd, D. D.*
Elliott F. Shepard.
‘Henry M. Sehieffetin.*
BL, Stuart.*
14 Axnuat, Revoxr or tmx Prison Assoctation or New Yous.
Alexander Stuart." Rey. Henry J. Van Dyke, D. D.
Henry Villard.
Jonathan Sturges.” ‘Wan, Van Arsdale, Phila., Pa,
Mrs, Catherine L, Spencer. Alex. Ve
Rey. das, Saul, D.D., Phila, Pa. Geonge ©. Ward.
Feanols George Shaw.* Salem HE. Wales.
Mrs. Francis George Shaw,‘ Willlam Seward Webb.
Anson Phelps Stokes, RW.
James Stokes.”
Rensselaer,
Weston,
John H. Abel.”
Eugene Smith. Samuel Willets. W.W. Astor,
John D. Slayback. Rov. B.C. Wine Peas
award Wells Southworth. J. Walter Wood.
Isane Bell
William Wood.
Charles B. Waite,
Cornelius D. Wood, B'klyn, N.Y.
HL 8. Tecbell
Seth E, Thomas.
Phoebe Ann ‘Thorn,
August Belmont,
Sluon Rorg.
W. A. Booth.
Cornelius ¥. Bliae,
B. ©, Bogert.
J. Carson Brevoort.
Sinclair Tousey.*
James M. Brown,
Stewart Brown.
JR. eR
John Crosby Brown.
Edmund Cofin,
Benjamin G, Clark,
Albert Orane,
Mrs, Thomas Crane.*
W.7, Coleman,
Terae] Corse.
LIFE MEMBERS,
‘Br Conterporions oF $50 4x Oxe Tare,
Most Rev. M.A. Corrigan,
R.G, Dun.
P. W. Engs
B.H, Pield.
Hamilton Fish,*
James Foster, Jv
Arthar Gilman,
Horace Gray.
Mrs, John Hall
B. 0, Halliday.
Mrs, H.C. Halliday.
BE. Herrick.
James Horne.
Frederick B. Hyde.
Jame, Holden.
‘Thomas Hunt.
John Wm. Hutchinson,
Richard Irvin,
Dudley Jardine. |
award Jones,
James J, Tones,
Alex. 8. Johnson,
@. W. Knowlton,
J.HL Keyser.
‘William B. Dodge, Jn.
Miss F, A. Dean,
16. Axxvan Report oF mz Prisox Assootariox oF Nuw Yous.
Francis 6. Landon. ames P. Sutton
a a eee Local Commitice for Co-operation and
3.8 Lowers
ars Jove bask Coralie Sith Correspondence.
aon 8 Pgh Somes 0, blo
W. H. HL Kore. Charles N. Talbot. ‘ALBANY OOUNTY:
Residence, Albany. —Rt. Rey. W, ©. Doane, Rev. W. W. Batter
David Olyphant. Allen Tasker. Whe Bb iske B. Van
B. Parmly ‘Samuel Auchruty Tucker.
William F. Mott 1B, Tersy
Antwerp, Dudley Oleott, Abram
Lansing, Dr. Albert Vander Veor, James P, Tracey and James
‘Thomas Prosser. Rey. Sf. Virgin, Fenimore Cooper, Bishop Doane, chairman; Dean Sage, treas-
Howard Potter, Abram Van Nest rer; James Penimore Cooper, secretary.
Perey B. Pyne. Bleecker Van Wagenen. Committees on jails and station houses.—Robert . Pruyn, chair-
Roert Ray. ALA. Weels, man} Dr, Vander Veer, Abram Lansing, Matthew Hale, Town-
Somes I. Raymond. A. Ward. send Lansing.
George A. Robbins Mre. Laura Willard Committee on penitentiary. Dean Sage, chairman; James F.
Samuel Sloat, Ars. E. V, 8, Winthrop. ‘Tracey, Dudley Oleott.
William D. Sloane, W. HS. Wood. Executive committee Bishop Doane, Deane Sage, James Feni-
WW. ©, Schermerhorn, BE, J. Woolsey more Cooper, Robert ©. Proyn.
dee Slavens Mrs. E. J. Woolsey.
regener Bh ALLEGANY COUNTY.
- y. Walk
‘William HF Scott, bas ‘To be appointed vader the new rules.
Leo Speer. Samuel Wetmore,
Olivia B, P. Stokes. Andrew ©. Zabriskie. BROOME COUNTY.
John Stewart, Residence, Binghamton.—Dr, Jobo @. Orton, B. N. Loomis, E. K.
(Clark, D. HL Carver, J. W, Manier, Charles Wilkinson, Julius
Rogers, Dr. F.W. Putnam, De, J H. Chittenden, HM. Beecher,
©. R. Williams, B. ©. Tichener, J. H, La Roche, Dr. Charles G.
‘Wagner, Dr. Win. A White.
CATPARAUGUS COUNTY.
To be reorganized.
2
18 Asxuat Revorr or tae
CAYUGA COUNTY.
Residence, Auburn — Charles TE. Thorne, Frank W, Richardson,
De. W. S, Chasman, Mrs, Charlotte ©, Bates, Mra, Miles Perry,
Mrs. John W. Haight
Residence, Union Sprin;
Residence, Weedsport.— Homer Rheubottom.
Residence, Aurora.— Iausing Zabriske,
Residence, Willowbrook. Airs. F.
‘bronp-Martin.
CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY.
Residence, Magrille— Hon. Alb
William Chase.
Residence, Fredonia — M. 8. Moor
Residence, Westfield —
Residene
Jamestown. — Hon, Jes
CHEMUNG
n W. Tourgee, Rey. J. H, Miller,
Mved Patterson.
me C, Preston,
cor
y,
Residence, Pimira— Dr. W. 0, Wey, Z. B, Brockway, Rev. @. H.
MeKalght, Casper G. Decker, Isaiah B. Coleman, Albert Dense,
©. H, Calkins, B. HL Colbun
ton, Dr. H. M. Pudge, H. ©.
Van Campen,
cae:
Residence, Norwieh.— Daniel 3
CLINTON COU:
Residence, Plattsburgh.— Henry
, Dr. ©. GR, Jennings, ©. B. Hor.
Mandeville, W. M. Ufford, 8 R.
ANGO COUNTY.
Homes, Cyrus B. Martin,
Ty.
Orvis, Rev. Francis B. Hall
Residence, Keeseville— Hon, Henry Kingsland, 24,
COLUMBIA
Residence, Hudson.— John MeGi
county,
nls, Robert V. Noble,
Pmsow Assootatiox ov New Yous. 19
CORTLAND COUNTY.
Residence, Cortland.— Lewis Bouton, Frank Plaee, Rey. John ‘T,
Stone, t
Residence, Homer.— ‘Thomas 8, Ranney.
DELAWARE COUNTY,
Mrs, Wi H. Griswold, Mra, F. Jacobs, Jr, Mrs,
‘Youmans, Dr. H. A. Gates, Mrs. 1. A. Gates, Mrs. 0. AL
Frost, Rev. F. H Secley, Rev. J. 8. Robinson, James Penfield,
Mrs. James Penfield, Adom Scott, Mrs, Adam Scott.
Residence, Delhi
y
DUTCHESS COUNTY,
Residence, Ponghkcepsie— Edmund P. Platt, Robert F. Wilkin.
son, Warren G. Cowee,
ERIE COUNTY.
Nestdence, Buffalo—C. B Armstrong, Wm. H. Gratwick, Geo,
F. Cary, A.C. Sherman,
ESSEX COUNTY,
Residence, Blzabetbtown.— Francis A. Smith, Richard L. Hand,
Abijah Perry, Robert W. Livingston,
FRANKLIN COUNTY,
Residence, Maione.— Hon. John L, Gilbert, J. P. Badger, New.
comb H. Munsill, Julius C. Saunders, Martin F. McOlary,
Charles Ferry, Frederick G. Paddock, Charles L. Hubbard,
Henry A. Miller, Rev. J. W. Ashworth, Rev. Charles §, Rich
ardson, Rev. W. @. W. Lewis, Rev. I. D, Peasiee,
FULTON county,
Residence, Gloversville— Dr.
ene Reach.
Aoswvan Report oP 158
GENESEB COUNTY.
Residence, Batavia Professor Gardner Fuller, Hon, J. BR.
Holmes, Rev J. H. Durkee.
ORBENE COUNTY.
‘To be appointed.
HAMILTON COUNTY.
Residence, Wells.—G, B. Morrison.
Residence, Sageville.—- William H. Fry.
HERKIMER COUNTY.
‘To be appointed.
JEFFERSON COUNTY.
Residence, Wateriowa— Rev. Richard G. Keyes, Jesse M. Ad:
ams, John C. Knowlton, J. C. Sterling.
KINGS COUNTY.
Residence, Brooklyn.— William H, Male, Lester W, Beasley,
Henry B. Jones, Dz, A. Matthewson, George H. Fisher, Henry
Alexander Forman, De. . J. Backus,
Ratterman, Isaac H.Cary,
George ©. Bracket, Dean Sage, Hon. Charles A. Sebieren, Ab:
dott L. Dow, ©. D.Wood, B. HE. Kidder, Albert ©. Perkins, Willis
L. Ogden, Thomas 8, Moore, Franklin Allen, Chorebill H. Cut
ting, F. P. Bellamy
LEWIS COUNTY
Residence, Lowville.— J. Carroll House,
LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
Residence, Genesco — John M. Milne, Ph. D., Rev. ©. H. Boynton,
PhD.
Residence, Mt, Moreis—Jobn F. Connor,
Pnisox Assocratiox oF Naw Yorn,
MADISON COUNTY.
Residence, Moerisville—D. D. Chase, H. P. Meade, Lucius P.
Clark,
Residence, Oneida— W. R, Williams,
MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Residence, Ponda—Rev. W. Feothingham,
MONROE coUNT
Residence, Rochester Quincy Van Voothis, Theodore Bacon,
Gol. J. 8. Graham, Hon, W. 8. Hubbell, B. O, Sage, Gilman 1,
Perkins, Charles E. Fiteh, Hon, Thomas Raines,
(NEW YORK COUNTY.
‘The association's committee on detentions and discharged pris-
7 NIAGARA COUNTY.
Residence, Lockport— Dr, J, B. Hartwell, Mrs, Robert Norton,
4.8, Helmer, Rev. P. Cannon, Mfrs, Burt Van Hora, Mrs. A. Ts
Dietrick, William H. O'Keefe, Moses Brady.
ONEIDA county.
Rosidence, Utiea.— Col, Theodore P. Cook, Hon, P. J. Bulger,
Wm. Blakie, Rey. T. J. Brown, D. D., Rev, J. Frank Leland,
Rey. Dr. Lynch, Mrs, Frances W. Roberts, Mrs, W. G. Bussey,
Dr. Smith Baker,
Residence, Whitesboro — Mrs. Martha I, Whiteher,
Residence, Clinton.— Rev. E, L, Lowell.
Residence, Rome— Hon. B. C. Briggs, Mrs. W. J. Kingsley.
ONONDAGA COUNTY,
Residence, Syracuse.—G. L. Bonta, Hon. W. H. H. Gere, Timothy,
Hough, M. W. Hanchett, Dr. H, E, Van DeWalker, A. In Mer
Aswoat, Revoxr or THe
ONPARIO COUNTY.
Residence, Canandsigua—Mrs. Collins Hart.
Residence, Geneva — 7. ©. Maxwell, Arthur P.
ORANGE COUNTY.
Residence, Newburgh —TohiaL- Sloat, Charles Rastabrook, Colonel
©.H. Weygant, Joseph Van Cleft, Dr. R. V. K. Montfort, Uriah
‘eaphagen, Miriam Lozie
Residence, Goshen—Dr, J. H. Thompson, Rev. Floya A. Grane,
Geonge H. Mills.
Residence, Middletowa—Hon. J. D. Wriend, Hon, J. G. Wilkin.
ORLEANS COUNTY.
Residence, Albion —Danicl W. Frye, 0. ©. Rogers.
Residence, Oswego—George C. McWhorter, Gilbert Molligon, J.
‘A. Place, Chas. H, Butler, Jol 7, Mott, Henry 1. Lyman,
Jobo A. Barry, George 7. Clarks, 8. Ames, Jr, Clark Morrison
Residence, Pulaski, —N. B. Smith, W. Muzny.
OTBEGO COUNTY.
Residence, Cooperstown.—G. P, Keose, Dr. W. 7. Bassett, Mrs.
43. Warren Lamb, Robert I. MacBvide,
PUTNAM COUNTY.
Residence, Carmel—James B. Weeks, Jas. A. Zickler, Rev. H. B.
Warring, Miss Ida M. Tlake, G. E. Reed.
QUEENS COUNTY,
Residence, Great Neck —John Keese.
Residence, Hempstead —Valentine Clowes.
Residence, Westbury—Benjamin D. Hieks, Mrs, James Willets,
Residence, Astoria —Rev. Washington Rodman, Miss B. H. Rod:
‘man, Dr. J, D. Trask
Paisow Associatiox ov New Fork.
RENSSELAER COUNTY,
‘To be appointed under new rules.
RICHMOND COUNTY.
Residence, New Brighton—Jobn H. Pool, R. B, Whittemore,
Oswald N. Cammann, 4, M. Maller, Miss H, Ines, Mrs. J. K,
‘West, Mrs, Wun, Davidge.
Residence, West New Brighton,—Rey, Pascal P. Harrower, L. F.
Whitin, P. 0. Boyd.
Residence, Richmond —De. J. 8. Millspangh, T. W. Fitzgerald,
Captain A. G, Hall, 3fiss Louise Moore.
Residence, Clifton—David Mareh, Miss Ripley,
Residence, Grimes Hill, Tompkinsville—A, D, Irving.
ROCKLAND COUNTY.
Residence, Havorstraw.—Alonzo Wheeler
Residence, Tomlin’e Cove.—Walter T. Searing, Mra, Laura Wood.
SARATOGA COUNTY.
‘To be appointed.
SENECA COUNTY.
Residence, Waterloo—Dr. §. R, Wells, Solomon Carman. Hon-
orary member, Hon, 8, G. Hadiey.
Residenee, Sencea Falls, Charles A. Hawley.
SCHOHARIE COUNTY.
'o be appointed.
SCHENECTADY COUNTY.
Residence, Schenectady.—Hlon, W. , L.. Sanders, 8. B, Howe, 615
Union street; C. B. Kingsbury, 311 State street
SCHUYLER COUNTY.
Residence, Watkins. Frederick Davis, Dr. M. L. Bennett, Rev.
LP, Reet
Aysvar Rerour oF 7a
ST, LAWRENCE COUNTY.
Residence, Canton.—G. 1B, Manley, Lawrence Russell, Charles Y.
Follington, Professor H, B. Forbes, Mrs, Laura A. Partridge,
Residence, Ogdensburg —Dr. B. F, Sherman, Professor B. Gi,
Pettibone, Daniel Magone, Rey. L. Mersill Miller, J. W. ¥
aon, Gates Curtis,
Residence, Potsdam.—B, W. Foster, L. B. Wadleigh, Rev. George
Harkness, Rev. 0. B. Bageom, 0. B. Bonney, Jobn A. Vance,
STEUBEN COUNTY,
Residence, Bath—Z. T. Parker, Rey. L, C. Davis.
Residence, Corning —P. A. Williams.
SUFFOLK COUNTY,
Residence, Riverhead—Jobn %, O'Brien, 'T. M. Griffing, Rev.
Samuel Whaley, Nat. W.
SULT
‘To be appointed.
TIOGA COUNTY.
Residence, Owego—Hon, William Smyth, A. Abel, V. N. Russell,
H. D. Pinney, William H. Bilis, P, ©. Peterson,
Residence, Ithaca,—Professor James Law, Professor William D.
Wilson, Orange P, Hyde, Hon, Murray B. Poole.
ULSTER COUNTY.
Residence, Kingston.—Hon. James G. Lindsley, F. A. Westbrook,
Hon, Isaiah Fuller.
Residence, Baugertics.—W. B. Shefield
WARREN COUNTY.
Residence, Lake George-—R. E. Archibald, Franeis G. Orosby,
Blias 8, Harris, Dr, W. R, Adamson
Puisox Association oF Naw York,
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
To be appointed.
WAYNE COUNTY.
Residence, Lyons.— John L. Cole, Rev. I. H. Sherwood, Rev. R.
Osgood Morse, Win. C. Robinson.
Residence, Palmyra.—Tsaae C. Bronson, Dr. Samuel Ingraham, A.
8. Niles, Mrs. Horace Baton, George G, Jessup,
Residence, Arcadia—Rev, Park Burgess.
Residence, Walworth.— Hon. Lucien ‘E, Youmans.
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
Residence, Yonkers.— Rev, J. M. Bruce, Rev. W, B. Ketcham,
WYOMING COUNTY. ,
Residence, Warsaw.— Rev. George D, Miller, B. A. Miller, Rev.
W. Ii Hobbs, Hl A. Dudley.
YATES COUNTY. '
Rosidenee, Penn Yan.— Joseph F. Ceosby, William F, Van Tayi.
Suggestions for Local Co-operative County Committees
of the Prison Association of New York.
1. Committees are expected to organize within one month after
‘their appointment, mecting at the call of one of their number. to
bbe designated by the corresponding secretary of the association,
and to elect a chairman, seeretary and treasurer.
‘Coumittecs are expected to have stated meetings at least
‘semiannually, and to keep the corresponding secretary informed
of the date of such regular meeting; should any special meeting
le beld, it fs requested that notice of the same be given to the
general office,
26 Awnuan Ruront oF THe
2. Local committees are expected to inepeet, at least twice a
year, the jails, station-houses, prisons and penitentiaries in thelr
respective counties, and to take cognizance of, and report at this
office, as to the discipline, maintenance, moral and sanitary con-
ition, and to promptly notify the corresponding secretary at
other times of any failure ow the part of the Jocal authorities to
comply with the Jaws ag tu the governance and keeping of prison
cers, should such failure come to their knowledge. ‘They are fur
ther expected to make such suggestions, from time to time, as
will help the association to earry out the purposes for whick it
was organized,
4. Mey are, at the stated meetings, requested to give full
Giscussion to any plans of The Prison Association that may be
submitted to them by the executive committee, to estimate, as
far as possible, the feeling of their respective neighborhoods
regarding any such plans, and to help the association's work by
creating a right public sentiment as to prison diseipline and the
criminal class, '
. They are requested to collect and forward to the office of
‘The Prison Association such printed reports of local institutions
fas are obtainable, and such exteacts from local publications as
bear upon penologienl matt
6. They are expocted, by sub-committees, to see that suitable
moral and religions instruetion is provided in the Jails, to collect
and distribute vending matter to prisoners, to investigate com.
plaints of illusage, to report to this olfee the cases of such as
neem unjustly accused, of badly treated
7.1 is the purpose of the Prison Association to hold
at least one public meeting within each two years in every
Parton Assoormiox or New Your. oT
county of the State, ond the looal committees are expected to
secure the co-operation of clergymen and others in making ar-
rangements for such @ meeting.
8, It ismost urgently nequested that each county committee do
sts utmost to increase the membership of the assoctation, and aid
sn extending its influence.
8. Committees are requested to send annually to the associa.
tion a list of the names of the prominent citizens of their respeo
tive counties, to whom dhe reports and miscellaneous documents
of the association may be sent.
10, It Js the policy of The Prison Association, and has been
trom its organisation, to secure reforms and the correction of
abuses — 0 far a8 it ean be done — through the co-operation of
‘offcltls. ‘The local committees, are, therefore, go far as they
represent the association, expected to cultivate relations of
tontual helpfulness with sheriffs and jailors, and to ala them in
every way possible, in the promotion of right discipline in the
‘county institutions,
11, Tocal committees can greatly aid the executive committee
of the society by reporting to the office of the association the
names of any in thelr respective neighborhoods who are willing
to employ discharged conviets who give satisfactory evidence of
adesire to reform, They are also requested to furnish the names
of those who employ skilled or unskilled labor, in order that
Airect communication may be made with them from this office.
12, They are urged to secure as lange a local observance as
possible of Prison Sunday (nsually the last Sunday in October),
and to’ send printed reports of such observance to this office for
‘ling.
98., Avwuat Rerogr oF tHe Passon Assootarox oy New Yous.
13, Through sub-committees to give such counsel and help as
they are able to prisoners discharged from the local eorrectional
and penal institutfons.
‘These suggestions are printed here, not only for the benefit of
the local committees thomselves, but to indicate to others the
special forms of helpfulness which they render in carcying on the
work of the association, Through them it reaches every county
fn the State ae a vital and everpresent force.
In making up the annual report (to November 1st of each year),
it ts desirable that the reports of county committees be sent in
as early as November 15th, and in order to facilitate Gling, it is
requested that they be weltten om foolscap paper, and on one
side of the sheet only.
Committees will confer a favor by notifying the undersigned at
once of any changes in their organization.
Without wishing to dictate as to the time for the stated meet-
Ings of local committees, the corresponding seoretary would beg
eave to suggest that these meetings be held early ia October and
May.
‘We specially hope that during the coming year you will secure
the introduction of come systematic labor into your county jails
We have undertaken to collect a Wbrary for every county jail
in the State, where the eounty authorities or our own committees
will guarantee that the books will be properly cared for. Will
you confer with your county authorities in this.maiter? A book
case must be provided aad someone designated who will take
care of the Hbrary,
W. M. F, ROUND,
Cor. S00, P. Ay Ns Ye
Treasurer's Account for the Year Ending Octo-
Der 31 1897.
Dr.
Donations :
New York State Haformatory.....--
Bequest estate of Clarissa L. Crane. .
Rents
Board of Estimate and Apportionment.
Balance In Mechantes’ National Bank October 31, 1896,
cr.
Expenses of ageney in New York city for discharged
convicts and persons under arrest.......csces--0++ $2,888 28
Expences of State organization, prison and jail inspec:
tion and county work ... <2 8,884 87
‘Taxes, water rent, and insurance on 185 Kast Fifteenth
street... — 804 40
Interest on $1,000 mortgage on 135 Hast Fifteenth
street
House expenses .
Bulauce in Mechhnles’ National Bank October 31, 1807.
$7092 75
CORNELIUS B. GOLD,
Treasurer
Axsvat, Reront oF THE
‘We certify that we have examined the accounts and vouchers
of Cornelius B, Gold, treasuzer, and find them correct.
SAMUEL MACAULBY JACKSON,
W. M. F. ROUND,
Auditing Committee.
DONATIONS.
Mra, David Dows .scessesscseseeeseseereceresses $20.00
Win, Iselin & Co.eeeseeeeeees “i + 10.00
Wm. G: Low ee ek)
Chas. P. Gook ..ssecseseeeeeceeeteeeeeees 25 00
Rev, Lyman Cobb, Jt. .-sss++ aes 5 00
J.B Planten 10 00
‘Mrs, Wan. E, Dodge: 10 00
Rey, D. Stuart Dodge. PR 25 00
10 00
25 00
10 00
Geo. W. Plunkitt
Elbridge T. Gerry
James C. Reed
Geo. C. Rand
Jacob H, Schill. sasssneniltteniet
Grace Church, New York city, collection. ......s+s+ 105 63
40 00
25 00
10 00
500
10 00
10 00
25 00
25 00
R. M. Olyphant.
©. H. Coster.
3.8.0. In memoriam”...
Henry Hun
James Rufus Smith
John J. MeCook,
Mis. Helen L. Deas..scecsesseseeereseessseeeersss 500
Mes. J. Picrpont Morgan. ....cssereeeeesereesesess 10.00
F.R Coudert abate 800
Robt, A. Pinkertom....esccecsesesseseee cee 1000
Paisox Assootation ov New Yone.
Gen}, Thos. H, Hubbard...
cash,
Mrs, Wn. Moir
Mrs. A. Miller
Miss Alice Keteltas.
Wm, ©. Browning.
James J. Goodwin, .......2
Jobn 7. Willets
D. HL. Mealpin.
Mrs, We H. Macy.
Mrs, Stanford White.
Ars, M. B, Zimmerman.
Wm, Colgate
Rey, Morgan Dix.
E. F, Browning.
Mrs, Wim, N. Crane,
Rev, Saml. 7, Carter.
Memoria! Baptist Church of Christ, New York city,
collection
is B. MeCage.
Mrs. B, 8, Witherbee.
Chas, 7. Root
Ars, John, Perry.
Ranson €, Gibson. .
Z. R, Brockway
Wm, C. Lobenstine
Mrs. John W. Minturn,
John 8. Kennedy...
Mrs. M. L. Ewen
Aswuan Rerour or Ta
Altred DeWitt
Mrs, A. U. Ba
Dr. William ‘f, Lusk.
ema
Stamford Manufacturing Co
Dr. Austin Flint
C8.
8. B. W., London,
M, Bayard Brown
Dr, Benjamin Lord
George Blumenthal
Dr. J. Morgan Howe.
A.M. Hoyt.
H, G. Marquand
Mrs, Jolin Wagner
Adrian Teelin
Mra, A. B. Breese,
Mrs. Edwin Parsons.
General John Cochrane,
Wm. R. Stewart
Mrs. B. 8. Van Winkle.....+. .
Mary Louise Warten (supplement to Grace Church, N.
Y. colicction)
John Muvray Mitehell
Annie E, Merviam
Alfeed TL. Beebe
Mrs, W. HL, Osborn,
Miss B.S, Van Winkle
Egerton 1, Winthrop,
0. D. Mans.
Henry Holt
10 00
5 00
500
10 00
25 00
25 00
100 00
500
3 00
10:00
10 00
25 00
500
10 00
Patsox Associatiox ov Naw Yore.
Anonymous ..
RS. Webb.
H.R, Kunharat.
J. Hampden Rovb,
Mra, Jennie Turner Powers.
‘Thomas Thacher
John W. Thomson.
Mrs. T. M. Adams.
Mrs, E, N. Vanderpoel
Winthrop Cowdin
F. P, Bellamy.
Mrs. Win. Oothout.
Pavid Lydig «
Edward W. Southworth
Mrs. M. N. Perkins.
WoL. Amermaa.
Mrs. HL V. Barsell
R.G, Dun
©. M, Goodeidge.
J. HL Tighter
John 1, Lawrence, Je.
Geo. M. Coit
Mrs, Theron G. Strong. .
HE Dodge
John 'P, Lockman.
Moa, Henry Draper
Dr. Geo. 8, Weelock.
3
a Avweat, Revour ov nie
‘Miss Georgiana, Kendall
Very Rev, B.A. Hoffman,
Pomroy Bros
Mrs. W. A, Cauldwell
HL, Schwab.
Mrs, Titus B. Meigs.
Woodbury G. Langdon.
Rey. Wendell Prisne..
Henry Villard
Ars. Elizabeth Lynes.
‘Samuel M. Jackson.
Bon, Chas. P. Daly.
Johnston Livingston
Thos. G. Shearman.
1 J, Hayden.
W. H, Draper:
James Kyle & Sou.
John B, Teeland
Miss Ellen Collins.
George A. Clark & Brother.
Clarence M. Hyde.
Mrs, Augusta B. Stover.
Mrs, Robert M. Maxwell
Mra, Garner
Mrs, Anna ©. Clinch.
Charles Allen Sunn.
Vermilye & Co.
Mrs, John J. Cox,
James H. Benedict
B.P. Dutton...
$10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
500
0 00
100 00
50 00
10 00
20 00
10 00
19 00
40 00
25 00
5 00
5 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
100 00
500
10 00
10 00
10 00
5 00
10 09
19 00
10 00
10 00
Paisox Assoctatiox ov Naw Yous.
H.W. Gennevich
Dr. E. B. Foote.
Mrs, Scott Foater.......c.cs5
George B. Chisolm
Samoel M. Hyde.
Joka HI, Bloodgood...
M. H. Beers.
Mrs, W. Wheeler Smith.....,.
WH H Moore
BVV.B
Mrs, W. HL Jackson.
Mrs, J. Blatr Seribner. ..
B Wolton Catting.
RD, Douglass
irs, Jacob Scholle
W. 5, Quinlan, Jr
Joho Greenough «
Conrad F, Nagel
Mes. HD, Awehincloss.
From a friend.
Mrs, Leopold Stern
Wm, W. L. Voorkis..
ow. W. ¥. Mortimer.
Mrs, Esther Herrman
‘Aoson Phelps Stokes
James Brand...
Alexander Miae
From a friend...
ape
Chas. D. Kélloge.
Axsvan Repon? of emu
Middleton & Co.
EB, N, Lawrence.
Mrs, James A. Edgar...
Mrs, Isabella Jex
Mrs. D. B. Whitlock...
Geo. L. Rives
A.B, Proal
Mrs, Gustay Sebwab.
Frederick Uhlmann...
Mrs. Henry Talmadge.
Charles Dana
Holbrook Manafacturing Co.
Gino C, Speranea..
Frank Dean
Julia T, Delaseld
John E, Parsons.
John B, Lawrence, Jr.
Rey, Lyman Abbott
James J. Higginson
F. Metvian Wheeler
M. L. Delafteld
Seth Low
Miss Louisa Lee Schnyler
Mrs. N. E. Baslies.
JW, Cortis
Robert 8. Holt
R. HL, Townsend
Gillis & Geoghegan.
"7, G. Sellew
James M. Constable.
10 00
10 00
500
10 00
500
10 00
100 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
Paisox Assooration o# New Yous.
BG. Marquand
Dr. J. MeE, Wetmore.
Benjamin Ogden Chisolm
e3 MeGiee
Geo. H, Morgan:
Mes, Joseph Milbank.
Charles J. Coulter
Franklin B, Lord,
Dr. T. Gaillard Thomas,
Frederick @, Swan.
Churles Bali .
Mrs, George F, Butterworth...
Anna A, Bradford...
ND. OY,
FF. Woodward.
Mrs, H, O'Neill
Dr. A. Jacobi
Catherine B, Campbell
Philip J. Mosenthal.
Lannan & Kemp.
Dodge & Olcott.
Michael Beennan .
Flonry Burden 24...
Mrs. Grenville Winthrop.
Oscar K, Ballin
‘Mrs. P. H. Van Ingen,
Amos R, Eno.
Mors. W. S. Opdyke...
Dr. W.. Alexander.
John E, Parsons,
38 Awnoa Ruporr oF 1
Roy, W. 8. Rainsford... . vee $10 00
Mise M. W, Miller puassnrvarevene' 10 00
Wm. Openbym & Bons....cccecececees 10 00 i
B.D. Morgan. 10 00
Mra, M.M. Lanier........0+ saeevevenese: 20,00
Samuel Riker a 10 09
Bors. Joseph W. Harper. 45 00
Henry Heide 10 00
Mes, J.-H, Jaoquelin : . 1000
Morris K. esp. 50 00
James M. Speers... = cee 1000
F. P, Bell 10 00
Mrs, Edward ©, Moore. .
Mrs, Edward N. Crosby 2 sete) B00
Juines Weir Mason... re an ©
Wm, Hustace
John M, Carrere.
‘Thomas Hastings
W. Stebbins Smith. .
Speyer & Co...
RKP.
A. Woltt ravieneemensetes 1000
Hy Ri Malang iseyiste perenne 50 00
Mrs, La
Dr. Charles MacDowell.
Comelivs B. Gold. 8000
Mrs, Frederick Billings. .
3. H, Alexandre......
Froderick B. Hyde
Mrs, 8. B. Sherman. .
Billings.
Prisow Assooimiox of Now Youn.
E.R, Lyman
AL A. Weeks.
Fereis J. Meigs
Robert L. Maitland.
Fred A, Guild.
B. P. Mitiken
B. ©, Bogert.
'T. HI. O'Connor.
Mrs. Henry Dormitzer.
Samuel D. Babeoek.
Robert W. DeForest.
W. P. Dodge.
5. P. Avery
Letitia Hanson
GBH, :
George G. Williams.
John 8, MeLean,
Mrs. Robert Hoe.
‘Mrs. HD. Aldrich.
J. GQ Ploy ssssaviaesvsseses
Miss Susan B. Spring.
Win. @, Low. eee
Mary W. Henderson.
As. €. Cabn,
Samuel Thorne
J. Stickney .
Mrs, L. Stickney,
Schieffelin & Oo,
George C. Brackett
“From a friend”.
40 Axwtan Rrront of 5m
Christ Chureb, Oswego, No Veecseseeeeseeees 9:00
Arnold, Constable & Co
Anonymous
Lispenard Stewart.
J.B, 0. Tn memoriam”.
Miss Serena, Rhinelander,
DONATIONS:
Reposted as received and disbursed by the corresponding.
secretary for special relief
FohNeG see seseeeeeeee seeminne 800
Mes, Fish saieaeenauanns cave 10 00
LL. Phornell,
Zella Pauline Blakely.
‘Mes, John . Terry.
1.1 8.
Esther W. Buxton
‘J. HL, Brooklyn,
Anonymous - . .
MA.
RW.
Anonymous . .
EF,
MK. :
Bana P. Waldron.
$104 00
Puisox Assootation oF New Yor,
OTHER DONATIONS.
Dr. E, Schultze, reading matter.
Messrs, Frank & DuBois, clothing.
Mrs, ©, RL Lowrey, reading matter.
Mrs. P.O, Boyd, clothing and reading matter,
Mrs. C, AM, Feleh, reading matier,
Moa, Henry Dormitzer, reading matter,
George H. Raymond, clothing,
Mist Kendall, reading miatter,
“Yonkers,” reading matter.
©. M, Hyde, veading matter.
Anonymous, reading matter
A. D, Clinch, reading matter,
Mrs. Harburger, clothing and reading matter.
Mrs, F. J. Poster, reading matter
Rey, Dr. Howe, clothing.
‘William €. Lobenstine, clothing.
Miss V. L. Payne, reading matter
Miss M, Isaacs, reading matter.
Mrs. F, B, Holden, clothing.
David Glassford, clothing.
Dr. J. B, Serre, clothing,
Mrs. T. F, Rowland, clothing.
A. C. Zabriskie, clothing.
Mes. Gardues, readin
Mrs. O. H, Smith, reading matter.
©. Sulivan, clothing and reading matter.
Mrs, E, B, Parmele, clothing and reading matter,
Miss Allee M, Hall, reading matter.
‘Mrs, J. W. Tiemann, clothing and reading matter.
‘Ansvan Revonr op 1p
G. Swan, clothing and reading matter.
Mrs. B. Robineon, reading matter.
Mrs. H Loeb, reading matter
Mrs. J, H. Jacquelin, clothing.
‘Mrs, Abram D. Higham, elothin
3. H, Chadwick, reading matte
Mies Pyne, reading matter.
Anonymous, clothing
Mrs. Gardner, reading matter.
Mrs, B. A. Fuller, reading matter.
Miss FH. A, Couch, clothing,
L, Goakin, clothing.
Mrs, Katz!, clotbing.
Needlework Guild of America, clothing,
Mise Avery, rending matter.
L. H. Ostendorf, Jr, reading matter.
Mrs, W. C. Noyes, reading matter,
Mrs. J. L. Chapin, sending matter.
Mrs, Willlam Medurbie, reading matter,
George Hall, reading matter
Mrs. F. BR, Sturgis, clothing.
Mrs. J. W. Taylor, clothing and reading matter.
©. W, Canfield, clothing.
H.C, Wells, reading matter.
“Hospital Book and Newspaper Society, reading matter.
Anonymous, clothing,
Miss Avery, ight sewing bags,
Ms, L. Fisher, clothing,
E. M. Whitney, clothing.
John Dutton, clothing.
Pursox Assooramiox ov New Yons.
Mrs. F. Dotle, clothing.
©. J. Gillis, reading matter.
Anonymous, Staten Island, clothing and reading matter.
Mrs. HT, Zuckerman, vending matter.
Mrs, A. R. Carter, reading matter,
Mrs, H. D, Auchincloss, reading matter,
Mrs, J. R, Wolff, reading matter.
Mrs. J. ©. Cady, clothing and reading matter.
Mrs, Spelman, reading matter
Ars, Howard Clarkson
14 West Witty-seventh street, reading matter.
Mrs, Catlin, reading matter.
D. T. Merkley, clothing,
‘Mrs. ©. ¥. Beach, reading matter.
Mrs, F. B, Arnold, clothing.
Mrs, Alexander Stevens, reading matter.
Room 624, Windsor Hotel, clothing,
Mrs. P. B. Jennings, reading matter.
Miss Elsie Button, reading matter
Mrs. Hadden, clothing.
Mrs. Dickinson, reading matter,
Mrs, Kock, clothing.
‘Messrs. Mareus Ward & Co,, reading matter.
Mrs, B, B. Maleolmson, reading matter.
H, B. Tomplins, clothing.
Mrs. J. N. A. Vanderpoel, clothing.
BR, M, Davison, clothing.
Messrs. Wiebusch & Tiger, reading matter.
Church Periodical Club, reading matter.
Mise H. Kendall, reading matter.
Aswan Reront or Ta
Mrs, Gurnee, clothing.
Mrs. G. B, Duren, reading matter.
Reginald Gordon, reading matter.
W. P, Willis, reading matter.
Mrs, Packard, clothing,
Mrs, A. J. Melntosh, reading matter.
Miss Van Buren, reading matter.
Horace Holden, clothing.
Miss Inslee, reading matter.
BR. W. Stevenson, reading mattor.
Miss M.D. Worcester, clothing.
Anonymous, elothing.
Mrs, F, B. Elliott, clotbing and reading matter.
Mrs, A. Wolf, reading matter
Mrs, L. H. Beers, clothing and reading matter.
Miss Dents, reading matter.
Miss Preston, reading matter.
Joseph Corbit, clothing.
Mrs, Elizabeth W. White, seven sewing bags.
Mrs, D. 7. Stevens, reading matter,
Mrs, Mary M. Meeker, reading matter.
Mra, Fischer, clothing.
Miss Eleanor Hendsicks, reading matter.
Mre, L. Bolton Bangs, reading matter.
Mrs. C. Trving, clothing
Mrs. M, E. Drake, reading matter
‘Mes. E, Herrman, clothing
Mrs, Hitchcock, reading matter.
hen Sugdes, clothing and reading matter.
Messrs, Peter Henderson & Co, tools.
Puisos Assooumiox ov New Yors.
Evening Post Job Printing Co, printing.
Winthrop Press, printing
George C. Holt, clothing.
William R, Jenkins, clothing elreulars with coupons,
Miss Lambert, reading matter.
Mis. L. I. Hueston, secretary, reading matter.
‘The De Vinne Press, printing.
Mos, J. G. Burchell, clothing.
Messrs. L. H. Biglow & Co., printing.
Miss Lulu ‘Thompson, reading matter.
St. George, §. T, clothing and reading matter.
Mise J. L. Delafield, reading matter.
W. W, Heroy, reading matter.
Mrs, C. W. Machen, clothing and reading matter.
Mex. W. L, Crow, clothing.
Miss A. B. Vlint, reading matter.
BE. B, Frink, clothing.
J.B. Corrie, reading matter.
Mes, White, reading matter
Mes, 8. 8. Monroe, clothing,
HL. HL, clothing and reading matter.
E.R. Gawtry, clothing.
©, Wheeler Barnes, clothing.
John A. Hamilton, clothing.
Mr, Everett, reading matter.
P.M. North, clothing.
Mux, G, A, Faller, clothing.
Mos. 0. U. Vail, reading matter.
‘The Berlin & Jones Envelope Co., envelopes.
John A, Bly, clothing and reading matter.
46 Awsuan Rurort or 7us
‘Messrs. Lawson, Wolff & Co,, reading matter.
2086 Fifth avenue, reading matter.
Mrs, M. Mack, reading matter.
Mrs, Fischer, clothing.
Mrs, Frank Koeb, clothing.
Anonymous, clothing.
‘The Misses Kendall, reading matter.
Mrs, J. Rhodes, reading matter.
Mrz, H. Zuckerman, reading matter,
Mise Conway, nending matter
Mes, Barhsat, clothing
40 Rast Seventieth street, wading matter.
Mrs, 2.8. Strong, clothing and reading matter.
Edgar B, Van Winkle, clothing,
Charles A.
és, clothing.
Dr. Henty Tack, elothing.
Mise Van Amringo, reading matter.
A. K, Dierson, reading matter.
Mra, Worthington, reading matter
Ghasles B. D. Woreester, clothing.
W. H, Parsons, Jr.
Messes, J. 5.1
[A Member of the Nepdlework Guild, clothing.
clothing.
tle & Co., printing.
Miss Harper, reading matter,
Mrs, Knox, reading matter
115 West Forty-seventh stree
clothing.
Mire, Winthrop, reading matter,
Dr. J, MoE, Wetmore, clothing.
4.4. Slocum, clothing.
Mrs, Persy, reading matter,
Paisox Association of New Yorr.
Miss C, D, Earle, reading matter,
Anonymous, clothing.
Mrs. Clifton Wharton, reading matter.
fas Rogers, reading matter.
Anonymous, clothing and reading matter.
Estate of A, Walker, clothing.
Mrs. Ollesheimer, reading matter,
Albert J. Delatour, lumber.
103 Bast ighty-third street, reading matter.
Me. F.
W. Wilson, reading matter.
A. Hyatt, roading matter,
Anonymous, clothing.
Dr. Beverly Robinson, reading matter,
Me, Jelferson Hogan, clothing and reading matter.
Mrs. $. G, Emerson, clothing.
Charter of the Prison Association of New York,
AN ACT to incorporate the Prison Association of New Yor
Paaed May 8, 1860, Uy» tesbstds vote
‘the People of the State of New Vork, represented in Senate and
“Assomtily, do enact 08 follows:
‘Section 1. All such pertone ex are now or hereafter shall be
come members to tbe seid asgoclation, pursuant to the constitu
tion thereof, shall and ave Lereby consticuted a hody corporate,
by the name of “The Puison Association of New York,” and by
‘that name have the powers that, by de third title of the elgh-
teonth cbapter of the first part of the revised statutes, are de
clared to belong to every corporation; and shall be capable of
purchasing, Holding and conveying any estate, reat or personal,
for the use of wxid corporation; provided that such renl estate
shall nover exceed the yearly value of $20,000, nor be applied 10
any other purpose than those for Which the corporation Is formed,
$2. he estate und concerns of said corporation sbal! be mam
aged and conducted by its exerative counnttiee, in conformity to
‘he constitution of the said corporation, and the following arth
cles that now form the constitution of the association shail com
tinue to be the fondamentat laws nd constitution thereof, suby
ject to alterations in the mode Herein prescribed.
ARTICLE L
‘The objects of the association shall be:
1. The ainelioration of the condition of prisoners, whether de
tained for trial, or finally convieted, or as witnesses,
2, The improvement of prison discipline, and the government
of prisons, whether for citles, counties or states.
Aworvar Rurosr or tux Pascox Assooiariox ov New Youre. 49
8. The support and encouragement of reformed convicts after
thelr diseharge, by affording them the means of obtaining an
honest livelihood, and sustaining them in their efforts at reform,
ARTICLE 11,
‘The oficors of the society shall be a president, vice-presidents,
a corresponding secretary, a recording secretary, # treasurer and
an execative committee. There shall be the following standing
committees, viz.: a Auance committes, « committee on detention,
a committee on prison discipline, and a committee on discharged
convicts. ‘The number of the executive committee shall consist
of not more than thirty-dve, of whom not more than ten shall be
officers of the society, and not more than twenty-five shall be
persons other than ofc
ARTICLE UL
‘The offcers named In the preceding article shall be ex offelo
members of the exeeutive committee, who shall enoose one of
‘their number chairman thereof
' ARTICLE IV.
‘The executive committee ehall meet onee In each month and
keep regular minntes of their proceedings. ‘They shall have a
general superintendence and direction of the affairs of the #o-
ciety, and shall annvally report to the society all thelr proceed
ings, and such other matters as shall be likely to advance the
ends of the association.
ARTICLE V.
‘The society shal! meet annoallyin the elty of New York, at such
time and place as the executive committee shall appoint, and at
such other times as the president, or, im his absence, one of the
vice-presidents shall designate.
4
Awan Rerour o
ARTICLE V1
sally to the fands of the associar
‘Any person contributing enn
Hom not less then five dollars stall, owing to such contribution,
tbe a meniber thereof. A contribution of fire hundred dollars
shall constitute a life patzon; a conttibution of oue hundred
Jer of the association for
dollars ehall constitate an honorary member of t
lites and u conteibution
ber of the association for life.
ot fifty dollars shall constitute a mem
Houovary and corresponding
members may, from time to time, be appointed by the executive
comms: ARTICLE VI.
Atemate department shall be formned.consisting of such females
fas shall be selected by the excentive committee, who eball have
charge of the Interest nud welfare of prisoners of thelr sex, under
such regulations as the executive committee shall adopt.
article VIL
ithe officers of the associntion shall be chosen annually at the
annual meeting, at which tine such perous may be elected
honorary mombers as shall have rendered essential service to the
cause of prison discipline
‘any society having the same object ia view may become
auxiliary {0 this association by contributing to fts fonds and co
‘operating with it, &
ARTICLE X.
phe executive committee shall have power to add to any of
the standing committees such persons as in their opinion, may
pe likely to promote the objects of the society, and shall bare
power to sil any vacaney Which may occu in any of the offices
of the association, intermediate the annunl meetings.
Prisox Aseootanion of Naw Yous.
ARTICLE XI,
‘This constitution may be amended by a vote of the majority of
the society, at any meeting thereof, provided notiee of the amend-
ment has been given at the nest preceding meeting
‘The officers selected for the eusrent year, under the covstitu-
tion, shall continue to be the olleers thereof until others shall
be duly chosen in their places
And it Is hereby further enacted that uo manager of said so-
ciety shall receive compensation for his services,
8, The said oxecntive committee shall have power to establish
a workhouse in the county of New York, and in their diseretion,
to receive and take into the said workhonse all such persons as
shal! be taken vp and committed as vagrants or disorderly per
fons in said city, as the Coovt of General Sessions of the Peace,
‘or the Conrt of Special Sessions, or the Court of Oyer and ‘Ter
miner, in aaid county, or any police magistrate, ar the commis:
siouer of the almshouse may deem proper objects; and the sald
executive committee shall bave the same power to keep, detain,
‘employ and govern the eafd persons as are now by law conferred
on the keepers of the bridewell or penitentiary In said city.
4. The said executive committee may, from time to tue, make
by-laws, ordinances and regulations relative to the management
and disposition of the estate and concerns of said association,
‘and the manazement, governnent, instruction, diselpline and em.
ployment af the persons go as aforesaid committed to the sad
workhouse, not contrary to law, as they may deem proper; and
‘may appoint such officers, agents and servants as they may deem
necessary to transuct the business of the said association, and
may designate their duties. And the said executive committee
shall make an annual report to the Legislature and to the cor.
52 Aswuan Ruronr oP THe
poration of the-city of New York, of the nomber of persons re-
ceived by them into the said workhouse, the disposition which
shall be made of them by instructing ov employing them therein,
‘the receipts and expenditures of said executive committee, and
generally all such facts and particulars as may exbibit the opera
tions of the said assoelation,
5. The said excentive committee shall have power, ducing the
minority of any of the persons 0 cormitted to the said work
house, to bind out the said persons so being minors, as aforesaid,
as apprentices or Servants, with deir consent during their mine
rity, to such persons and at sueb places, to learn such proper
de and employment cir Judgment, will be most con
Gucive to the reformation and amendment and future benefit and
advantage of such person
6, The sald execative committee, by such committees as they
shall from time to time appoint, shall have power and it shall
be their duty to visit, inspect and exaraine all the prisons in the
State, and annually report to the Legislature their state and con-
Aition, aud oll such other things in regard to them as may enable
‘the Legislature to perfect thelr government and discipline. And
to enable them to execute the powers and perform the daties
hereby granted and imposed they shall possess all the powers
and authority that, by the twenty-Zourth seetion of title frst,
chapter third, part forth of the Revised Statutes, are invested
in inspectors of comnty prisons;° and the duties of the keepers
of each prison that they may examine shail be the same in re
lation to them as in the action afurceaid are imposed on the
keepers of such prisons in relation to the inspectors thereof.
Provided, that no such examination or inspection of any prison
Patson Assocumion op New Youx,
5a
Shall De made unt an order for that purpose to be granted by
fhe chancellor of the State, or one of the judges of the Supreme
Court, or by a vice-chancellor or cleeuit jndge, or by the fest
Judge of the county in which the prison to be examined shall be
situate, shall Orat have been bad and obtained, which order shall
snecity the uame of the prison to be exainined, the names of the
Persons, membets of the said association,
by whom the examina.
ton is to be made, and the time within which the same
must be
concluded,
STATE OF NEW YORK.
In Suxare, May 8, 1346,
been read the thied time, two-thirds of all the
members elected to the Senate voting in favor thereot,
Resolved, That the bill do pass,
‘The bin) having.
By order of the Senate.
A. GARDINER,
President,
STATE OF NEW YORK,
Iv Assusrs, Aprit 24, 1846,
‘This bill having been read the third time, and two-thirds of all
‘the metubers elected to the Assembly voting in tavor thereot,
Resolved, ‘That the bill do pase,
By order of the Aseembly.
A. 0. CRAIN,
Speaker,
Approved, this 9th day of May, 1946
Smas Waroun,
54 Aunvat Rerorr or tax Pausos Astootsrion or New Yon.
‘Seonsrany’s OFFIop,
Srare of New Your,
1 nave compared the preceding with an original law on fle
in this office, and do certify that the same is a correct transeript
therefrom, and the whole of said origin ;
In testimony whereof, T have herensto affixed the seal of thls
oftce, atthe city of ATbany, the fifteenth day of May, In the year
of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and forty-six
ARCH'D CAMPBELL
eputy Secretary of State.
[Revised Statutes, part TV, chap. 8, title 1]
$24 Tt shall be the duty of the Keepers of each of the sald
prisons to admit the said inspectors, or any one of them, into
every part of such prisons; to exhibit to them, on demand, all
‘the books, papers, documents snd aecounts pertaining to the
prison or the detention of the persons confined therein, and to
render them every facility in thelr power to enable them to dis:
‘charge the duties above described, And for the purpose of ob-
taining the necessary Information to enable them to make such
report as is above required, the eaid inspectors shall have power
to examine, on oath, to be administered by either of the said
Inspectors, any of the oflieers of fhe said prisons, and to com
yerse with any of the prisoners confined therein, without the
presence of the keepers thereof, or any of them,
By-Laws of the Prison Association of New York.
1. here shall be a stated meoting of the executive committee
fon the third Thuraday of each month, and special meetings shall
be held on the requisition of the chairman ot any three members
of the executive committee. ‘The call for a special meeting shall,
{in all cases, state the business to be transacted at sald meeting.
II, At every meeting of the executive committee five members
shall be necessary to constitute a quorum.
IM, ‘The order of business at every stated meeting shall be az
follows:
1. The reading and approval of the minutes of the last pre
ceding meeting.
2, Report of treasurer.
8. Reports from standing committees
4. Report from the corresponding seoretary.
5. Reports from special committees,
6. Report from the general agent.
7. Miscetlaneous business.
At a special meeting no other business shall be transacted than
that for whieh the said meeting was called,
IV. The chairman shall appoint all apecial committees; and no
person nominated by him shall be excused, unless upon reasons
satisfactory to the meeting,
V. The chairman shall docide all questions of onder, subject
‘to an appeal; and the rules of onder shall he those embodied in
Cushing's Manual, so far as they are applicable.
Axnvat Report ov THE
Vi. There shall be four standing committees, namely: A com-
mittee on flaance, a comunittee on detention, a committee on dis
changed convicts and a committee on prison discipline,
‘VIL. It shall be the duty of she Muance committee:
4, To devise ways and means for obtaining the funds necessary
to carry on the work of the association; and they may, at their
discretion, employ an agent to collect He requisite fupde
2. Po arudit alt bills ag:
be paid by the treasuzer unless approv
aiust (he association; and no bills sball
red by the comuaitiee and
countersigned by the chairman.
3. To audit ond report open the treasurer's accounts anawally.
4, To invest aud contro! the surplus moneys of the assoclation,
ander the authority of the executive committee.
‘YIIL Tt shall be the duty of the committee on detention:
1. To inquire, as fae as may be practicable or necessary, into
tho canses of commitment of persons in the prisons or houses of
‘detention in the cities of New York and Brooklyn, and to adopt
proper measure for procuring the discharge or providing for the
detense of such ag slut] appear (o be entitle
Scons under their charge, and to
a thereto.
2, To visit frequents the p
endeavor to improve both the physical and moral condition of
‘the prisoners in all suitable and praetieable ways.
IX, It sball be the duty of the committee on discharged con-
viets:
prison agents or euperintendents rela
1, To correspond with
and trades of prisoners, and to ascertain,
previous to the discbarge of each prisoner, his feelings, views
‘and capabilities, with a view of making the best arrangements
tive to the charac!
for his future employment.
Prison Associaries o» New Yon, st
‘To keep a revord of all persons who will employ discharged
prisoners, aud of thele several occupations; to procure such em
ployment for prisoners and applying therefor as seems best
adapted to the capacity of each; to hold correspondence with
emplosers; to keup a record of the conduct and prospects of those
for whom places have been obtained, that they may be sustained
and encouraged with the idea that a continued friendly interest
is felt for them,
8. To secure suitable boarding places for discharged prisoners,
where they will not he exposed to corrupting influences, taking
care not ta have more than one in a place, where st can be
avoided.
4. To see that the prisoners are provided with suitable cloth:
ing, of a kind that will not attract particular attention.
X. Tk shall be the duty of the committee on prison discipline:
‘To give attention to the internal organization and management
of prisous, embracing the physical and moral influences to be
‘exerted on the prisoner during their confinement, ‘This duty
shall be comprised under the following heads: Health, reform.
ation, conviet labor, administration and Internal potice, com:
parison of different prison systems, visitation of prisons and
houses of reformation, and the whole subject of criminal law and
penal justice
XI. One ov more agents may he appointed by the executive
committee to assist the standing committees in the performance
of thelr duty.
XI. The recording secretary of the association shall be the
secretary of the exeentive committee; and it shall be his duty to
eep the minutes of the proceedings of said committee, to record
them in a book provided for that purpose, and to give due notice
of all the meetings of the committee.
58 Avwvat Ruvosr or 1Ha Pawox Assootariox of New Your,
XI¥E. ‘The corresponding secretary shall conduct the corres
pondence of the executive committee and of each of the standing
‘committees; when required shall act as the general financta)
ri at each stated meetin
agent of the association, and shall report at each stat i
‘of the committee.
XIV. The treasurer shall receive and safely keep all moneys
petonging to the association; shall pay over the sane as directed
by the finance connmittee; shall report at each stated meeting oF
‘the excentive committee, and shall give euch security for the
faithful discbarge of his duty as that committee shall require.
the exeentive committee and
XV. The president, chairman of the executi r
corresponding secretary shall be members, ex oficio, of all the
standing committees. a
XVI No alteration shall be made in these by-laws, excep
upon notice of the proposed amendment given ata previous mest
ing of the executive committee.
Report of Executive Committee.
work of the Prison Association has, during 1807-98, been
conducted on usual Tines, Iu conformity to all the conditions of
its charter.
‘The detail of its work will be fonnd in the reports of ite various
departments aud committees,
The association has organized and conducted successfully a
prison exhibition and a series of conferences.
It has maintained a large foreign and domestic correspondence
gathering much useful information regarding penologieal
methods und problems elsewhere: all of which will be of use in
its own work and suggestive as fo legislation.
It has steadily ingreased its library; @ catalogue of new books
will be found at the end of this report
‘Tre association has viewed, with great sutisfaction, the success
‘of the Bertillon gystem, which it introduced into New York
‘The central bureau in the office of the Superintendent of State
Prisons has been coudueted with great ski, and prison ofleers
generally have lent their best efforts in making the scheme a
THE STATE REFORMATORY.
‘The association has viewed, with uo little apprehension, the
persistent attack made on the indeterminate sentence principle,
as exemplified in the State reformatory at Elmira, and deplored
the fact that these attacks were founded on a simple suggestion
of the Governor's message. ‘The course taken by the assoaiation
on Axswat, Revont oF THe
jn this matter—to protect institutions and principles to which i€
fs fally committed — in indieated by the following menorandom
and corvespoudence sent to the committees on penal insticutions,
toe of the Legislature, and to
the judiciary aud the codes oo
His Excelleney the Governor.
‘These documents folly explain themselves, and set forth,
aearly, the grounds of apprebension felt by the assoetation
‘They follow herewith
MEMORANDUM BRIEF,
Im the matter of eeriain proposed bills amending the Prison Laws,
{Po the Honorable Members of the Conmittce on Penal Institutions
‘At a mecting of the Prison Association of New York held im
January, 1898, it was referted to the undersigned special com-
e certain
mittee of the association to arge apon the Legislate
‘@vanges in pending bills affecting the Elmira Reformatory and
revi neraily the Prison Law of the State. In presenting
ing,
our views we call atiention especial
Hy to Senate bill No. 15, in-
troduced in the Senate by Six. Featherson, the same bill, in sub-
stance, having been introduced Ia the Assembly by Mr Green,
5, introduced by Me, Wileos. We
and also to Senate bill No. 2
‘carnest]y protust against the changes in the law proposed by
Mr Featherson’s bill. Tu this connection it is to be observed
chapter 711 of the J
‘that the most of the sections in the ac’
of 186 tion with the gen:
are proposed to be replac
12 would result by the passage of
eral revision, so that conf
ny act porporting, in terms, to repeal or amend that chapter.
‘We assume, howerer, that those Who are promoting the changes
‘embodied in Mr, Featherzon’s Dill are aware of this condition of
‘things, and the specific objections which we venture to urge to
Puisow Assooimiox op New Yoax. ot
that bill have’application to whatever gubstitute may be offered
for it, or to any amendments embodying its features which may
be suggested to the general Prison Law proposed to be enacted
by Senator Wileox's bill.
We may be pardoned a few general observations as to the
relation of the Prison Association to the original establisbinent
of the Btmi
a Reformatory, as @ reason why that association
takes a deep and special interest in whatever
‘moasures affect Its
conduct or seck to make radical changes in the laws governing it.
‘The Prison Association can rightfully claim to have been the
chief promoter of the origina} I
sgislation establishing @ State
reformators. That system of dealing with the more hopeful
class of offenders at the time atéracted very great public attention
im the State; every detail of the plan was subjected to wide
‘and zealous criticism, It was essentially the pioneer legislation
in the United 81
ates substituting for certain classes of offenders
the plan of reformatory treatment, as distingnished from rete!
butive punishment. Ox the whole, we considently maintain that
experience has abundantly demonstrated the superior effieaey of
the system. Tt has been since adopted by very many other
States, notably by Massachasotts, Pennsylvania and New Jersey,
and the principles have been extended to reformatories in Ohio,
inois and elsewhere, and the New York eformatory has been
the special subject of study, investigation and discussion by the
leading students ou the subject.of the t
catment of criminals the
world over.
‘Tue Prison Association have always cordially approved any
suggestions looking to changes in the law whieh shall prevent.
fany abuses ia the administration of the reformatory and assure
Aswoat, Revour oF "HB
auore efficient conduct of its disciplinary methods, but in our
judgment the changes proposed in Mr. Featherson's bill are enb-
emive of the whole theory upon which the reformatory rests.
Fins.
‘the first section, amending section 9 of the act of 1897, re
quires the courts at the lime of imposing sentence to Ox @ maxi
mum term, instead of allowing the maximom to remain that
fixed by general law. This, we beli
ward. Sound policy dictates a
rather thon Individual judgment of @
,, wonld be a step back:
. fsing the maximum
chang
of imprisonment
tthe result of auch a cbaage would Immediately
ing magisteacy. r bs
bbe a lack of uniforn
the disfevent counties and judicial distriets
Iu the states of Inmates of the reform
atory coming f
of the State, ‘The proposed change is a recurrence pro tanto to
2 ‘m of imprisonment is
‘he old theory that punishment by a te
merely in the nature of retribution inflicted for an offense, Ex
perience has abundantly stowa that the judges presiding at
rials in eriminal cases liaye no adequate means of determining
the character and untecedents of the criutiaals convicted before
i demonstrated by experience that
tem, It had also been ampir demonstrated by exp
in multitudes of cases an offender committing a comparatively
trivial offense, which would lead to the fixing of a very short
term, regarding the Smprlsonmest as a mere penalty
paid for the offense, is nevertheless a person of such @ character,
land eo deficient iu edveation, that a very considerable period of
disciplinary teeatinent fs absolutely essential to yield any practi
cal reenits In the way of permanent reformation, Such am
offender by commit offense and By canvietion of crime,
for the period fixed by general lav, Can
has forfeited bis liberty
the question whetber this term should be abridged possibly be
Paisox Assooirtox oF Naw Your. 6
‘determined beforeband as eMenelously by a. eriminal magistrate,
fn the hurried despatch of court business, as by @ board of man-
agers charged with the special duty of thoroughly investigating ll
‘the clrenmstanecs, aud with opportunity by actual test to discover
the character of the offender? Every thinking person concedes
that the latter is the hest trYounal for determining what ought to
be done, provided proper assurance can be given that such board
would be composed of diehnterested and impartial and intelligent
citizens, y change fending to assure improvement in this
respect In the administration of the reformatory, as before stated,
bas our cardial approval. tis, however, our opinion, based upon
‘a careful study of the administration of the reformatory from its
Inception, that as a matter of fact this determination, made in
substantially every ease, a8 to the time of detention, has been
more satisfactory than such determinations by the criminal
magisteates during this entire period, We believe that, on the
whole, the average avtual terms of detention in the Elmira
Reformatory have been for a shorter period than would have
been xed by the presiding erlmiual magistrates. If, however,
‘the criminal magistrate were hereafter to fix the maximum
terms, we are persuaded that in multitodes of eases one of the
dominant incentives to good conduct on the part of inmates of
the Institution would be gone, namely, the incentive by such good
condnet to shorten their term of imprisonment, We do not eon:
‘tend that cvime is to be considered simply as a form of disease.
Tt is unnecessary C0 enter into any discussion of the moral ques:
tions affecting the disthuetions betweea criminality and other
Physical and mental derangements. But, conceding crime to be
crime, and not in ony proper sense of the word simply a disease,
the reformatory Hea resis upon the demonstrated truths of the
ot Asnvat Ruvort or nae
proposition that certain classes of convicts can, as a matter of
fact, be reclaimed by disciplinary treatment. It is only for this
fave established, and the
class of convicts that such Institutio
attempt on the part of a magistrate at the time of imposing
sentence to prescribe what time will be snficlent for the relea
2 like the attempt of a court
mation of soch a conviet is very a
to limit the time in whieh an Ins shal! be detained in
ye perso
an agylum mind the members
of the committee that the provisions of the existing Jaw as to
in thia connection, we bes
‘the transfer of Incorrigibles to the State prisons have been per.
sistently misstated, Such prisoners so transferred still have
ate prisons the
the privilege of earning by good conduct im the 8!
shortening of their maximum term. It ig algo to be continually
borne ia mind that the power of the Governor to pardon er
commute sentences bas never been abridged in any way by the
provisions of the statutes applicable to this class of olfenders.
Secon.
‘The provisions of section 2 in Mr. Featherson’s bill we regard
fas even more dieastvous to the reformatory method of treatment
‘The proposed denial of the power to transfer apparently incor
gible prisoners would inevitably eripple the reformatory work
of the 4 ion. ‘The fact that sumerous prisoners of this
class have been set there serves to show the impossibility of
having a careful determination of the character of conviets made
1”
The knowledge on the part of
by the committing magistrates,
inmates thot they conld not be transferred would remove one
of the most potent incentives to serious effort on thelr part to
profit by the disciplinary treatment of the institution,
Prisow Asgocranion of New Yor, 65
‘The proposed changes in the section preventing the summary
retura of prisoners who have violated their parole would also be
most disastrous. The very fact that such men are subject to
summary reavrest Is a dominant Incentive to good conduct. The
State, at the tin
of their frst trial and eonvietion, has been pu
to great expense. ‘They have been duly convicted after every
opportunity for a fair trial, ‘The proposed amendment seems
to regard the violation of the parole ag in itself in the nature of
‘crime as to which they axe entitled to further hearing before
‘This is not the correct vi
a magistrate, W of the status of pa.
roled prisoners. If such men are charged with a new erime, un
doubiediy they axe eutitled to be tried like anybody else before
they can be sentenced for Hat offense, Tt seems too obvious to
X that the passage of this amendment would
totally overthrow the efficaey of the parole aystem, It 1s very
much like a provision of law that should ae
10 prevent those
who buye gone bail for an arvested prisoner from summavily
surrendering Diu to the court. ‘Those who have determined to
grant the parole ave the pro
-r persons to decide upon its reve
cation; they simply withdraw th
privilege which they find has
been abused, The necessity of a rehearing before a magistrate
in such cases would make it extremely unsafe to parole any com
iets about whose conduct when freed from confluement the
managers of the reformatory have no complete means of infor.
mation.
Pm,
‘The proposed repeal of section 14 of the act of 1887, one of
‘the sections already proposed to be repealed as being superseded
ym Law, would be the
moelaipe' tie.
by @ corresponding section in the Pi
: 6
AxsuAr Rerort ov Te
destruction of one of the fnndamental principles of the reforma:
ory administration, Indeed, the whole purpose of Mr, Reather
son's bill evs fo be practically an ahundonment of the reforma
Lory scheme of diseiptine, and the conversion of the reforwatory
Into an ordinary vld-fastioned prison mievely for retuibative pan:
Jehiment of offenders. I this conection we venture further to
urge dissent from the ciomges in section 1M of the act chapter
ZL of the Laws of 1887, proposed by Senator Wileox’s bill
(See sections 14: aud 141 at pages 7871 of Senator Wileox's bil)
"The revisers? notes ay thot have, by those two sections, proposed
to reenact section Lt of the art of 1857, “without change iu
substance,” We bow to call dhe atjention of the committee to
the vital and Snsportant omission of (he cords near Ure end of
seetion 14 iu the existing law, “ but no petition or ether form of
application for the veleiwe of suiy prizoners sball be entertained
by the managers.” ‘The revisers very likely supposed that de
owission of these words would not have the effect of imposing
upon the board uf managers the atfirmative duty of entertaining
petitions and applications of this character. We beg, Lowever,
to urge that, in tle alsewe of a stntntory provision on the
subject, it would be extremely dimioult for the board of managers
to dectine to act upon potitious aud applications of this sont
They would be continually subjected to charges of partiality if
they attempted to discriminate, ‘The daties alvendy imposed by
the act voquize from a conseientious board very large amount
of the and service, for which the State affords no pocunimy
compensation. Prisoners having felends, or commanding outside
Influence, would insist epon special Investigations, and however
imppartiol such investigation, there would Inevitably be hard feel
Puisox Assoctnioy ov New Your. a
ing and suspicion of unfoieness on the part of the very numerous
Inmates without such opportsnity for having theit cases consta
ered All daia for the exercise of such powers as to the treat
iment or disclige of inmates as the beacd possesses are now at
their disposition, It woutd be a auisfortane and an injustice to
have thelr attention called to mpecial eases by special applica
tious and petitions of thi chavacter, ‘There secms no more rea
sou why tbe oan of managees sould tw subjected to applien
tions of this kind than why the warden of am oedinary prison,
or the Superintendent hiuself uf State Prisons, should be subs
jected to sneb ayplientious. ‘The very uext paragraph in the act
teadivis the power uf tke Governuty sleady embedded in the
State Constitution, to del with all classes, As has already been
stated, the pardoning poster of the Governor of the State ie ample
to protect iumiates uf the refurmsatory, Held under indeterminate
semtonce, from being the victius of any abuse of power on the
part of the managers of the reformatory
Founrn,
‘We also venture to call attention to the subdivision 2 in seetion
128 of Senator Wileox’s bill (Prison Law revision), apparently
requiring personal connmupieation by the chaplain at least once
w the purpose of giving religious and moral instruction
OF course we would not advooate any dimiantion of religions
{iniuence and privilege, but if that subdivision is to be construed,
48 apparently Te must be, as a vequivement that the chaplain
communicate separately with each prisoner at feast once in each
etl, it imposes a duty, absolutely impossible of performance,
os ihowoas tons or ea
sien eee wines vinietiestili Lomppebliels Bowl
pen nae eeeon 208 © ayant be mon enapniady it
inatiaton
espectfoly sobuittea,
CHARLTON =, LEW:
President
WM. B ROUND,
Crrenpenting. Berean.
JAMES MoSEBN,
xo. o. orn,
EUGENE SAT,
Spied Connie
‘habe enon by rogue reo tee per
of si Antty, DSeaTae or the Badd ane eR ak
{he coumittos to whi he above Sst wos abut, ‘The letter of
the Haw doris M WansCimtosones of Chante at
eo
Saw Yoox, Paruory 25,1808.
{D6 k-th eosenaon ot the a Tne a Toe to
iting Hii willie cell wtranesd pleated GF be
ling ol nok comer i: genio ete gn
CO
anda guined from twenty years? official experience
‘The State Refmrmatury st Lhalra oviginated tw the thought
and effort of the Prison Association of New York, Its charter
Was written by the {ate Prof, Theodor WW. Davighe, who, with a
comunittes of ke assovintion, gave Jong and patient thought t
the matter, ‘The charter has always been eousiieved admirable
and huis hoon, toa event extent, the model upon whch refarma
tories in other States bave heen established.
Prison Association of New Yous. 6
‘The Prison Association has taken a watchful interest in the
reformatory at Bhuira from its inception to the present moment.
Tis office in New York bas been the reporting office of the inath
tution; there have been 2,937 men paroled frou the institution to
fis care, At the present moment there are ou its books 180 men,
Over these meu it exereises, trongh its ageucies, a constant
surveillance, so long as they remain wards of the State, its
fanetion being rather to guide and counsel than to restrain or
Damper them, It has recommended for absolute release fully
24100 of the men seut to it, ‘These men report monthly, with
letters feom their canployers,
‘The figures gathored im the Prison Association office fully jus:
tify those made by the managers of the reformatory. Its books
‘are always open for inspection: its offe open for the examination
of paroled men,
‘The results of the training at Elmira, are with the Prison
Association more fhan a grouping of figures; they are tacts,
borne out by actual contact with the men dismissed from the in
stitution. ‘The principles are so borne in upon its executive
comunittee, that they Lave not hesitated, when asked, to recom
‘uend the unqualified adoption of the indeterminate sentence plan
in other States,
From the forthcoming annual report of the Prison Axsoctation
of Now York for the year 1897, it will be shown that thare are
existent adult reformatories in other States, as follows:
‘The Massachusetts Reformatory at Concord.
‘Toe Pennsylvania Reformatory at Huntington,
‘The Minnesota Reformatory at St. Cloud.
‘The Minols Siate Reformatory at Poutiae.
‘The Ohio State Heformatory at Mansfietd
"The Indiana Reformatory at Jeffersonville
0 Axsvar, Rurow? or 18
imere are authorized by Iaw, with appropriations, projected
reformatories in New Jersey and Wisconsin. similar reforme
tory has been projected for Connecticut and for the Province of
Ontario, Cavatl.
{AIL these refornutosies ate based on the statutory appliantion
ae sentence principle and with parole systems
iced oF
of the indeterai
{of somewhat variable character, #hough recognizing the
surveillance and the fact that pavoled mea remain wards of the
State till they receive thelr absolute retease
Im several Statos, notably on ovi2, Ultnols, Ohio and Massacho:
has bweu wade a past of the
setts, the indoterunate seatene
general law
Massachusetts loa, for twelve years, had Its reformatory based
; Pennsylvania and Ghlo nearly as long. The
on this prlue
vent Britain, Holland, Germany, Ttaly
erat penal establish
testimony of the»
Jn forvign couutrl
and France, have applica the prineiple in seve
menis,
In 1893, Count Kazarin, representative of the Prisons Depart
mont of Russi, to the Worlds Fale at Chicago, said in one office
/T have dreamed of what a perfect prisom should be; T have
{ suw 3€ sealized, but T have seen
though my grandebildren 1
Stnte Reformiatory at Elmira,” and
crologists of the world.
Congress at Rome and Paris
it wich my own eyes in the
this from one of the most eminent p
\At the Infemational Penituntiay
.¢ ou Lolalf of the United States,
‘at whieh the weiter was a dvlea
the mere mention of the Elmira Keformatory or of its supe
tendent’s nawe was anficieat to provoke applanse,
In correspondcuce with Lombroso, Garafalo, Tallack, Rugglee
Brise, Stevens of Belginm, Beltrani-Sealia of Italy, Guillaume of
Pursos Assoctatiox ov Naw Yous. a
‘Ssreitrerland, there is recognition on their part of Mr. Brockway
fas one of the leading, most eelentifle and most practical penoto-
gists of the day. The late Dr. B. C. Wines unbesttatingly #0
vonsidered him, I beg leave to inelose for your reading a copy
of a letter received fom his son, the Hon, Pred. H. Wines, of
iiinols, the secretary of the Teard of State Commissioners of
Public Charities af that State,
Let me, my dear sir, ind warrant for the urgeney of this letter,
in.the fact that, the recent attacks on the reformatory have heen
attacks on its principles and not on its management. Should
1s of penology and erlminology
in the world will consider that New York, whieh originated the
they prove snecossful, all stud
system in its completeness, has taken a step backward and its
prestige in the matter will never he the same
Tam, with great respect,
WM. M. F. ROUND,
Corresponding Seoretary,
(Letter of Hon. Fred. H. Wines referred to above)
SIRATE OF ILLINOIS,
‘Tun Boarp ov Sears Connmsstonuns
ov Punii¢ Cuanmies.
Spnivavienp, February 15, 1898.
Mr, W. M. F, Roux, Albany, N.Y:
My Dear Mr, Round.—I am sorey to see In Governor Black's
‘message to the Legislature a paragraph relating to prisons, in
Which he advises a change in the laws, governing commitments
to the State Reformatory at Elmira, If the eriminal courts
were given discretionary power to limit sentences in proportion
to their estimate of the gravity of the offenses committed by
Asnvat Repors op sm
convicted criminals, such an amendment would destroy the basis
of the reformatory work which the Elmira institution seoks to
do, and in the accomplishment of which it has had such remark
able suecess, Nearly every one of Sie northern States has been
favorably juipressed by the results obtained at Elmina, thet, with
few exceptions, its psineiples have beea engrafted into their
Jaws. Under the old prison system, for which it is a sub
stitute, avarly or quite onelulf of al) State prisoners
relapsed into crime stfter facie dlseuaege, amd were again
convicted and sentenced. Under the Elmira system, the
testimony of fhe nuthovities of similar prisons
in to the effect that the g of relapse does not
exceed one-fifth of the eniire uimber of prisouers discharged,
Tt appears to me to be a yyovous experiment. to
meddle with & law whiel vided soeh excellent results;
and I cannot bnt think that Gosemor Black hus failed to give
the matier snfliviens consideration, ils message aesumes that
the punishment must O& the crime, au idea which tends more and
‘more to become obsolete, with the advance of eivillzation, It is
a relio of the autigunted retsSbutive Owory of punishment, which
is every where giving place to the new conception of the relation
of erimiual Jaw to eriae, sminely, Ghat Hs legitimate purpose is
the reformation of the otfender, 1Y possible, nad his permanent
detentinn, if he proves to be incorrigible und dangerous to s0-
elety, In other worvs, pnnisiiment hina regard to the prisoners
It constitutes 2 form of treatment, corresponding somewhat to
the treatment of the illiterate or of the insane. ‘Time must be
given for this treatment to da its work, which can not be the
case if judges are permitted arbitravily to limit the duration of
/8a9
Puisox Associ or Nuw Yon. ae)
imprisonment, Morcover, the hope of early release, joined to the
fear of a prolonged detention in prison, constitutes the great
‘motive which operates upon the conviet’s mind to secure his 60
operation in the effort for his own moral improvement. Under
short limited sentenees the operation of this motive would be
all
Tam, very sincerely yours,
(Signed) FRED. H. WINES.
‘The result of pending legislation, fs still somewhat in doubt.
Tt is not foo much to way in closing this report that the associa.
ton fully believes in the principles enunciated in the documents
and letters quoted, and that the best results In the way of
reformation can only be obtained when the statutory limiation
of sentence, ts the sole prospect of release for those
to benefit by the refornatory methods in vogue,
who refnse
Prison Conferences and Exhibition.
While inspecting Sing Sing prison in Tuly aud inquiring into
the conditiun of other peisons in the matter of prison labor, the
‘comesponiing soeretaey was hmpcemied wile the intelligent and
Interested sys in whic Uae wardens had wet Che problem of
prison labor, or tithes of prison ideas that bad been thrast
pon them by #6 of the siseadedd Constitution. 1 ws
acknowledged by prictioal ponologists everywhere fat ot more
than one-third of the yrivoncts could be reasonably employed
jn the peoduction of supplies for the institations of the State or
the potitieal diviv By a liberal interpretation of the
law, however, it wis made to apply to the municipalities and in
the inatier of State printing ryuived in all State penal fustitn
tions and for State boars. "This veliowod greatly the fdleneas te
prisons and afill loft 9 syle of prisoners nnemplosed. M4
Bing Sing trades schoobs asl sehoats of design and art were
established with exvelfont results, Shuilar efforts to instruct
and employ prisoners were established in other penal establish
ments, As the mation was one of grat pmblie interest and one
of whieh the pubtic had little desinite knowledge, it was decided
by the Pris... Assoeiotion to hold an exhibit of prison products
and also of implements, utensils aud agparatns used in peison
‘The date was fised for the Th. Sth and 9th of October, aad im
‘eitations iesned early iu the summer. ‘There was 8 hearty 2
sponse from the wanlens of the prisons and penitentiaries; and
Avouss Rnvoxr o 158 Pauow Astociamioy or New Yous. 15
the Superintendent of Prisons and th
8 and the Prison Commis
jou gave
the scheme their hearty support. ‘The invitations were extended
fo neighboring states and it will be seen in the following ist that
Massachusetts and Peuneylvania contsibuted handsomely to tho
success of the undertaking,
‘There way hetd at the saane time a seties of conferences—which
will be auore fully reported hereafter. ‘The scope of the exhib
tion Itself may be understood by the following condensed lit of
articles exhibited:
STATE PRISON, SING STNG.
Panense,
Specimens of Geographics
Specimens of Multiplication tables,
Specimens of Grammar sehoot conse
Specimens of Avt schoo! course,
Specimens of Prison laws.
Cxorme,
One double-breasted sack suit
One entaway suit for" out going men,
One overcoat
One soldier's dress coat,
One soldier's btouse
One unitorm trousers,
One conviel’s suit and eap,
Snovs.
Bitty patrs of shoes.
Asnuan Reront or 20
Poawirvan,
One seat.
‘One desk.
‘Two grilles
Five ebairs.
One chest.
One easel.
One bookstand.
‘Two columns,
Is
Caltiper compass, for head.
Calliper rut, for om
Large calliper rule, for foot
Small wooden rule, for sears and marks.
Bye chart
One knife
Miscrntaszous.
‘Model of cellular system of Sing Sing Prison.
‘Moree plaster casts .
‘Sample of stonecutting.
ett etn
mise STATE PRISON, AUBURN.
ak tables, brass bedstends, pictures, commitment paper of
first criminal sent to Auburn prison.
STATE PRISON FOR WOMEN, AUBURN.
Women's clothing, woolen fabries and blankets.
sTarE, §, DANNEMORA.
‘Tin-ware, wooden-wate, basket and willow-ware, shirts, under
slothing, socks and boots.
Paisow Assootatio or Now You.
STATE REFORMATORY, ELMIRA,
Fae simile of records,
Eleven pictures of European writers on penology.
Four tracings from school architecture.
Three albums, Mustyating school of letters
Six albums, illustrating physical training.
‘One gymnasium exercising sult
‘One pair gymnasinm exercising slippers
‘One paroled man's overeoat,
One puroted man’s suit.
One pair paroled man’s shoes,
Oue upper drstgrade suit,
One upper test-grade eap,
One pair upper Brst-grade shoes
(One lower fest grade suit,
One lower test grade eap.
One pair lower first grade shoes.
One second grade suit
One second-grade eap.
One pair second-grade shoes.
One picture stand, with niuety-four views, as follows
Four views reforwatory butlding, exterior,
Righteon views of military department
Six views manual training department,
Fourteen views manual tnluing athletic department.
Fourteen views physical culture,
Fourteen views trade school.
Six views sehool of letters,
Six views hospital
Eighteen views, miscellaneous,
Anxvan Reson? oF HE
Maxuat Tearsrxe.
‘One frame, vice work.
One frame, moulding models,
One frame, wood tnening.
One frame, wood carving.
One frame, sloyd modes.
one frame, clay modeling models.
Right grames, frew hand and sloya mechanical drawings.
‘Waane Souoot.
‘One serap-book, 110 pamphlets, from bindery.
Five pieces, illustrating eabinetmatking.
Five picees, Hlnstracing earpentey
Ihre pieces, Unstrating etching
‘muree pieces, tlustzating kardwood Rnishing.
Six ploces, insiratin sahoeing.
even pieves, ilusteating machine
Fourteen pleves, illustrating plombing
‘Ben pieces, illustrating printing.
‘Five signs, ilinstating sigu painting,
One pair shoes, sustrating shoemaking,
Four pieces, Mustrating tinsnthing.
One lonnge. {Instrnting aphotsterin
PENITENTIARY, BLACKWELL'S ISLAND.
Original eommission of Avis Pilsbury a8 warden of the penal
institutions of Maine. Picture of Amos Tisbury; picture of bie
son, Amos Pilsbuty. wurden of Albany Conmty Penitentiagy, and
his grandson, L. D. Pilsbury, warden of Blackwell's Island Penk
tontiacy. Oue picture of exterior views of Blackwell's Teland
Penitentiary,
Prisox Associamios of New Yous.
PENITENTIARY, ERIE COUNTY.
Wooden.war
somely inlaid
clothing, and two anusieal Instraments, band:
PENITENTIARY, KINGS COUNTY:
Bedstead, mattress, clothing, shoes, slippers, brooms and
brushes,
MATPEAWAN STATE HOSPITAL F
N.Y.
KILL LANDING,
One photograph of the State Asylum for Insane Criminals at
Auburn, erected ia 1857,
Birdseye views of the Matteawan State Hospital, whieh sup.
planted the ofd institution,
‘One aut exterior views of the Matteawan State Hospital
‘Two sets inferior views of the Matteawan State Hospital.
Plans and elevations of the new hospital for insane convicts
at Dannemora.
Avtieles taken from the arm of Helen Miller, a case of self
Curiosities of insane literature.
‘One suit, uniform worn by Inmates of hospital
MASSACHUSEDTS REFORMATORY, CONCORD JUNCTION,
MASS,
Selection of work from tende school, and photograph of views
of the reformatory,
EASTRRN PENITENTIARY, PENNSYLVANIA,
Mode! of prison and photographs,
PAULY JAIL BUILDING & MFG. CO.
‘Model of rotary jail,
Asavat Rurorr of 75
HE VAN DORN IRON WORKS CO.
\s of modern construction and photo:
Prison locks, mode! of eel
graphs.
TOWER & LYON.
Jumplements and apparatus ueed in prisons, asylums ete, polioe
‘equipments.
YALE & TOWNE.
Models of prison Jocks and keys
PETERTIANSE & ROTHMAN.
Model of patent tnblar construction of prisons, and other
‘aces of confinement for etlesinale
FOWLER & WELLS.
Plaster casts of heads of twenty-three noted criminals
A. V, BENOFE.
Models of obt-fasbioned ball and ebain, sbackles, key of Bastile
and paatock.
JAMES LUBY.
Collection of rare avd cutious old Dooks om prisons and (rent
‘ment of prisoners
ASBESTOS PAPER CO.
‘An Alladin oven, for use In prison hospttals,
COMMISSIONER 3VERY D, ANDREWS.
One set of Bextillon instruments.
THOMAS F. ADAMS.
Get of patent photograph holders and cabinet for use In ailing
esiminal photographs and records; syesially adapted for Rogues!
gallery,
DR. J. B. RANSOM.
Photographs of tattooing.
1897
rcs apace ma a,
omen rxtumas,
‘an origlod portzlto Joba Howard and several lage ecgrer
sng, Mintentng bin wok, togeter with « ghotogreph trom &
bust from Eleabeth Bry, with aa aatograpb, were contebeted
he assoition ite exhibited a rare and ine portrait of Tete
1. Mopper, colored plotrey, Matrating the advance of enotog
el methods in Japan; photogrepbs of moter Japanoe psoas
photographs of exposed oceptate hends and trnaiedbodion
ts exited by ronside under the ol Jopanese law. tale
son pt peeing pet an ea
pardon papers of derty MoCanley, who was bl
pron pe of ey Mae, he re ie ete
Dring the exhibition ere was a practical demonstration of
the Borin apsem of Kentgetion under the change of Me
Anthony B. Abe, who took-the measurements and furnished
idendcation ord to many vitor,
Ee inte at mon hn 350 oie tend
Conferences
a series of con:
J —after which
jtion there wi
tm connection with the esbil
teronces—one each day from 8 o'clock to 480 o’eloe
as eup of tea was served, and then was an hour for conversation:
rotted that many and fuller notes of the
It is greatly to Ds
e lost in a fre tbat eon
hibition and conferences were lost
prison exhibit
Several
others
sumed the residence of the corresponding secretary
1» duplicated by their authors an
of the papers have been duplient
jacks on the occasion.
: yursday, the 7th of October,
en Oe ton 'T, Lewis, in the
the president of the assoelatio S
ving, au abstene
—At ix my pleasaut duty to weleome you
jis exhibition of
chair, ‘The fol
Ladies and Gentlen
to the houwe of the Prison Association and to thi :
prison products ond industries. or objects in bringin together
far as possible everyting whieb ean tMlnstrate prison diseiP-
9 generous and
widely
line and life, is to extend more hae
e kuosleage of what is done ard
philanthropic people an accurate Kuoret
‘what ought to be done by peual institutions, ‘
follow a wide and earnest support of those
a thus to secure
sehat will inevitably,
reforms, the advocacy of whic is the chief work of this associa
‘Gon, Titherto the nomber of intelligent and earnest workers
field hos been far too small. Tt is wy firma conviction,
ne @ i wy years, that
it icreased eepvice as in this. ‘The work is indeed repulsive 0
Awnvat Reronr ov tmp Pawox Assoounox of New Tors, 89
the feelings of many, aot merely because they shrink from per:
sonal contuct with the criminal class, but largely because of a
traditional prejudice against all humanitarian work in behalf of
criminals, founded on scepticism as to the possibility of any real
reform among those who have once been branded as guilty of
rime, AN that is necessary to do away with this scepticism, to
nite the lovers of mankind In earnest effort for the good of
offenders, and especially to secure the elfec
ive support of publio
opinion for the reforms whieh are essential to the better pro-
tection of society as well as to the fuldillment of its duly to.
wort needy wards, is a better knowledge on the pat of the pubbe
of the problems hefore the State In the treatment of erlminals
and of the progress which has been made in their solution.
For the immediate purpose of this conferenceit will be sufficient
if 1 direct your attention to two Important toptes, which in penol-
‘ogy ave Those of the day. ‘They veguive aetion by the Legislature
and by the prison authorities of the State, and wach aetion as ean
only be tken properly when the necessity of It is fully appreei-
ated by the intelligent public. ‘The frst subject is that of penal
Inbor. You are aware that the new Constitation of the State of
New York sets extraordinary restrictions upon the employment
of prisoners, ‘The production in the prisons of goods for sal
prohibited, and while the prisons are authorized to produce sup-
plies for public institutions, the industries required for this pur-
pose are not euficiently extensive and various to furnish either
the employment or the training which it Je desirable that the
Iuisons should be able to give. An Intelligent administration,
Lowever, hiss done mneh, in apite of this restriction, to make of
our penal institutions training schools and trade schools, in
whieh young offenders who have had no means of support by in-
“Axsuas. Repour oF TH
dustry can acquire a trade, ‘This is of much more importance im
‘the end, even in an economical point of view, than the effort to
‘make the prisons self-supporting, which is of couree impossible
ander the present restrictions of the Constitetion, In the course
‘of the conference some valuable information will be given 50%
1 trust, on the present organization of labor in our State prisons
and upon the absolute necessity of using to the utmost the
methods of employment which still under the Constitution re
snain open to the Stake government without further restriction
by the Legislatre, T earnestly wie that all the fairing’
raboring men of the State could be with ws today and Tenn the
facts with regard to labor in the prisons, They would so"
‘understand that they ore misrepresented by those ambitlous
politicians who, in the hope of winning chelt favor, are Derpet
tally endeavoring to ruin this system of labor, and to consign ©
faleneas a class of men more sure to be injured by it than any
other.
‘the second tople for our consideration, and that to which
special attention will be given today, 3 the probation syste.
“Fou are doubtless all aware that in some governments» ead in
particalar that of the State of Maseachusctts, a man who V9
fates the law and fs copvicted, If itis found to be a first otense
on bis part, and if there is reasonable ground. to believe ‘hat
‘ye is not a cons
for. good associations be restored to respectability, maFy
med eriminal, but may under home influences
he discretion of the court, be placed in charge of a proper gust
dian, and live his own free life, conditioned only upon oeyin
‘he laws and avolding bad company. Tf he continues for *
reasonable the fixed by the court to satisfy these coquirementt
he is entirely dtacharged, with no other penalty than the ©
Puisoy Associarioy of New You. 85
posure and the inevitable disgrace which his arrest and com-
viction have unavoidably involved. Being thus saved from the
brand of a “prison bird” and from association with eriminals,
aaa a seas is restored to respectable citizenship who,
under the old and undiseriminating system, would inevitably
ave become a confirmed er ¥
de \lemed criminal. We hope to have this sys-
tem in all its details described to you, together with an account
of the important and valuable results which have been wrought
by it im Massachusetts of recent years. It is our earnest hope
‘that the same system may be introduced by legislation in New
York, and we ask the cooperation of all thoughtful and intelli
gent friends of penal reform in bringing about this most radical
and promising of all changes in our penal laws.
Following Mr. Lewis! a
1g Mr. Lewis! address was a paper on the Italian Penal
Code by Mz. Gino ©. Speranra—ot which unfortunately we
cut ‘obtain a copy. The subjects of probation, domietliary im-
prisonment and parole were discussed by fhose present and the
conference adjourned by six o'clock.
Conference on Prison Labor.
Joha Mursay Mitchel was introduced by the
‘nair, with a brief remark
he Honore
correspondisig secretary aad took the ¢
sare eveasty of giving careful consideration to the matter of
prion labor, #0 that it should
ave the highest dls
prisoner for self support 0
inary
value im the prion, do most to fit the
any competition with outside
his liberation, and still redu
labor to the pinimam, At the conclusion of bis address, Mr,
HH, Mills, superintendent of prison
Mitchel inteoduced Nv
Sew York, a synopsis of whose address
\dusteies in the State of N
— ;
ae MR. MILLS’ ADDRESS.
Mr, Mills prefaced his remarks by quoting the Jaw passed by
the Legislatare in 1896-97, founded upon section 29 of the revised
He then said
Constitution, ris Inw clears the atmosphere in
5 off anew with
‘prison legislation and the State of New York sta:
vevventation onthe nobect other than th contlned 8 tH
: th the course of legistation during
‘To you who are familiar w
tte past twenty years, T need not explain what a very great
opportunity is thus given to unify and establish a permanent
prison labor systom in this State,
‘The articles and snpplies to he manufactured in the prisons,
as contemplated in this act, ave of such great variety that a-wide
lversity of Industries can be established under it, The needs of
the Stnte and its political divisions comprise almost every acti
le that is made in the conntry,
Aswuar Revorr or tue Pauox Assoouniox or New York. 87
Previous to January Ist of this year the prison population was
employed largely on the pleceprice plan and with the exception
of the hollow-ware plant at Auburn and the tinware plant at
Ciinton, the machinery in the several prisons was langely owned
by ontside parties and the contracts for the manufacture of
goods on the pleee-price plan hud to be carried on until the elose
of L896, Thevefore, at the beginning of the present year thewbole
population of the prisons was Idle, and the prison department
wus confronted with the task of neorgantaing them to meet the
requirements of the new lave. ‘The first step was the clearing up
of the old plants and the selection of new lines of manufacture,
‘The enforced idleness of the convicts even for a fow daya 80
alarmed the public that a great demand came to provide immedi-
ately some employment. ‘There was a feeling among a great
many, well versed on the eubject, that employment could hardly
be found for the whole popalation. ‘They therefore seemed to
demand that, s0 far as possible, prisoners be given employment
at hand labor, The prison de;
‘rely
artment, however, believed It en
practical to organine the prisons at productive industry 50,
as to give contiguous employment to all the population and place
them under instraction that would train them for free life and at
the same time, produce the articles contemplated by the law at as
ow a cost and of as good quality as those hitherto purchased in
the market.
‘The work of clearing up the old industries and preparing the
saps for the new ones consumed the first threo months of the
‘year,andwhen I tellyou that the output of theStateprisons at this
‘ime approximates $1,500 per day in value, and that the product
is of uniformly good quality and sold to the political divisions
of the State at market pelees, you ean, form an idea of what has
88 Axxuan Rorort of Ta
been done in the way of organization, T will not worry you with
any attempt to explain the variety of mauufacture, but have only
to say that the articles shown at the exhibition do not, ia any
sense, represent He extent of the Tine which we minke, and we
now feel confident there is sufficient scope to tbe Jaw to enable
tg to farther extend the variety to provide employment for the
whole population of the prisons aud the relormatortes
2 that are wow being opernted fn the peni-
When the eoutra:
sll have senched
tiavies have expited 1 (Hiak the organizatlo
such a point that it could be extended to provide emptoyment
for all tne prisoners In the State,
To do this satisfactorily, howerer, the whole system would
need to be uuder one direction in onder to save coufiet of au
stitution with another
thority and competition of one
Now, ten, Z have said so much for the information of the eon:
Joyment, and the class
ference as to the manner of providing em
of employment to be provided for convict population is always
ja great diversity of opinion.
‘a matier about which ther
‘The lnbor organizations demand that the product of the labor
of the convicts shall not compete in any way with thelr own
Tabor, and the lay under whieh wwe are now operating has been
4 this demand. Whether or not it does entirely
passed tome
eliminate the competition with free labor is probably uot « mat
ter to be discussed here; Rowerer, it avems quite pertinent to say
that if our convicts work they must produce some nished
produet, this:prodnet must be sold, and wherever sold, whether to
‘the State or the public at lange, if must compete In just the pro-
portion that the labor of the prigoner displaces the labor of the
free worker,
Parson Assoctation of New Yonx, 89
I believe that the organization of the prison as now carried
‘on will very soon produce as large a volume of manufactured
goods as has ever been produced,
md whether or not the restric.
cts to our own S}
tion of these prod te and its political divisions
will be auy matorial help to our own labor men can only be deter.
mined as time goes o1
Following out the direction of the law as to the grading of the
Ptisoners and the selection of emplosment that will give oppor:
‘unity for instruction in trades, the prison department has fot
lowed ont what they belie,
e to be the true system of trade in.
struction for adult prisoners. ‘The population of the prisons does
not come frou the professions, they are not great philosophers,
Perchologists, or scientists, but they come to vs from the great
workshops, from the ranks of the so-called “bewers of wood and
Grawers of water,” and to a large extent from lives of idleness or
mere makeshift employment. ‘The problem for us now is not to
make sper
lists of them, but fo train them in habits of industry
‘hat will enable them, upon their release, to live without viole-
ton of law. ‘To-do this they should be placed in industrial em.
Ployment substantially the same as will be required of them
when they go into free life, ‘The indueteial organization now
comprises a great diversity of manufacture. We buy wool, make
ep cloth at Auburn, ship if to Sing Sing and, with the addition
of @ few buttons and a Jittle thread, our own labor produces a
suit of clothes good enough for the National Guard of the State,
To buy at Clinton prison caw cotton, and to the manutactore
of cotton cloth in great variety, we add the making of yarn for
tnderwear and stockings, We make shoes exactly aa they are
made In great factories throughout the country; printivg is done
4 others do it; baskets, brooms, wooden-ware, tinware; all are
Axwoat Bron oF
‘made under the best conditions, Our foundries for iron and
base are so organized that au almost endless variety of castings
fare produced. A¢ Daznemom we aro erecting a new building to
be used as a hospitat for insane criminals. Sing Sing prison is
preparing stone for the repairing and sebullding of the ld Stace
hoose at Albany, and Anborn prison it making furniture for new
Bospital buildings throughout the State.
Such an infuite variety of work eau oaly be accomplished by
o eapervision, since the pro-
‘the very beet organization and clo
duct wnst pass he iuspeetion of the most eritioal purchasers
In this wide diversity of iuduatey we provide the best possible
means to-our unates for aequixiag trades. ‘The prisoner work:
ing on a stone thut must Gt a particular place in a publle bulla
Ing, or upou aay work the perfection of which must be tested by
{ts sale, does bis work with very much greater care and more
ssult of bis labor
benefit to himself than when be knows the
Is only to be broken up oF torn dows, Therefore, I sa
when the ving,
keeps him continvonsly
for three years, or uatll be bax acquived some prolieleuey at tt
State, desiring to prepare
at one branch of Dmainess for one, two,
him in the way of Biting bim to
they have done vastly more
earn hie living thea when they put him Ia a trade school two
or three hours a day, two or three times «-week, and make no test
1 Ite sale In the market would
of the product he produces, sueh
be, Many of owe modern penologists argue that the placing of
a year or more,
Keeping them at it fo
is mere treadmill employmeat and does not enthuse Ia the
prisoner any ambition, ete. ‘They forget that proficiency Is only
attained in any given calling hy constant effort along one line
Pnisow Assoctarion ov New Yous. om
‘and until we change the conditions under which our men are to
‘We employed on their release, we
st conforma the training in the
prisons to-mect these conditions,
45 the eighteen years I haye been connected with prisons 1
have found very many places for men released from prisons, and
in every instance whete they have been placed in great factories
It was because they were able to do some particular work. 1
recall a certain factory that haa ta
fen on our recommenda
‘lon more than a score of men, and in no instance has there been
tan opportunity to place with ¢hem a superintendent or what
some writers call a finished workman,
1 have only to say, in conclusion, that T believe the nearer we
approach in prison manufacture to the same organization that
obtains in free shops, just in that proportion we minimize compe-
tition, and best sit our prisoners for free life.
Following Mr, Mil
» the Hon, John H, Burtis, Commissioner of
Publie Charities in Brooklyn, was called upon, We regret that we
have s0 brief an abstract of his address, the fuller notes having
been lost in the fire which consumed the residence of the corre
sponding secretary. The abstract iss follows
On the Ast of January, 1897, the Comission.
of Charhiies
and Correction in Kings county had a problem to solve siinilar of
course to that which had to be met hy the watdens and euperia-
tendeuts of prisons genevally throughout the State. Up to that
time we had employment for all the prisoners, but by the process
of law we hnd been
‘with about 1,000 men with practical}
nothing to do; s0 that for weeks and weeks @ visitor would see
‘troops of these men marching about the prison yard for exercise,
‘nd Tneed hardly say that there was very little healthfut exercise
9 Asnuan Reronr of tHE
1n that kind of diversion, because they were compelled to march
with folded arms and coud ouly took at the same briek and
mortar day after day
In casting about to relieve our instituuow from what we be
Heved to be impending insanity among the prisoners, and care:
fully reading the law, we came to the conclusion that we could
‘employ the men outside on the public parks provided we cauld
secure the portpission from the park commissioners; and after
‘more or less corespandenee, and meeting so far as we cowld the
political opposition which might be created, we were ellowed the
privilege of going io the park or east side lands with ou prisoners
‘and working there laving out streets and walks and doing that
Kind of labor, which the taspayers would be compelled to pay for
in the fture, Tt was a great experiment and a great many peo
ple visited the scone of our labor to witness what was a strange
sight in our city, but in a Hitle while tis grew to be an old story
and now ihe visitor ean see daily 200 oy 800 prisouers at work on
the grounds without aay frletion of oppostiion upon thelr poets
Indeod, I think and know that they very mach proferved it to te
maining shut up ia their cejle all day with nothing to do, Be-
idea this ovtslde Inbor we have been for some time employing
generally 100 men on the grounds and buildings at Flatbush to
improve the almshonse, hospital and norsery, We have gives
ssuch work to carpenters, tinsmiths, plasterers and gardeners, ete,
‘as we found among the men, and by that we have iinproved the
appearance of the buildings ani grounds very much withont any
expense to the taxpayers.
{In all the eaze of our prisoners, we have believed in making the
penitentiary a place of reform as well a8 @ place of punishment,
so that by kindly treatment and giving them a daily change in
Parson AssociaTios of New Yous. 98
diet and fornisbing clean towels and opportunities for bathing in
our uew and splendid bathhouse, and in every way treatiug the
men kindly, we find that it is very seldom any of theta ure com.
pelled to be put under punishment.
So far as the Jay is concerned, as it now stands, I am of av
opinion that it will work largely for the benefit of the State and
taxpayers, We have inaugurated a printing plant, can manufac.
ture bedstends and clothing and all sorts of hospital supplies, of
Which you will Bnd samples in the room adjoiuing, and this ean
be and will be carried out to any extent that will be requited, in
ler that the prisoners shall all be employed. One great change
will result from this service, UDeliove, and that i, whee the men
are discharged they will come oat not ouly in good health but
with a trade which they have learned in prison, which will enabie
‘them to cara an honest living in society.
General discussion of mach interest followed these papere,
Conference of the Relation of Crime to Disease,
Ocronen 94H.
‘The corresponding secretary, having called the toeeting to
‘onder, introduced as chairman, Dr. Austin Flint, who spoke as
follows:
Hlemen.—1 am called upon to preside at what
Ladies and
will certainly be a most instructive and important exhibition of
‘the work of pulsoners, ‘The present law relating to prison
labor renders it difienlt to provide for the occupation of mind
‘of those confined in our penal institutions, throwing them back
ources, Which ave fevble enough and which
‘upon their own es
necessarily lends to further moral dehagement and fails to At
‘them far any honest calling, however humble. ‘Thus deprived of
all mental occupation, all imtervst in life, their thought not dt
nal
verted from erimt nels, there is nothing to Took forward
to but a renewal, om release, of their warfare against soclet
Undoubtedly, De, AMlison, who will deliver the principal ad
ress on this occasion will refer to enforced idleness in ite rela
‘tions to mental disease. ‘The desire for ocenpation is well shown
by the exhibition of the products of the work of prisoners that
thelaw allows. This wonderful box, composed of many thousand
pieces and other less important works of the same character are
filustrative of the thirst for occupation which affords the only
mental relief possible during imprisonment,
Chiet among many Important things sepreseated in this ex
hibition ase illustrations of the wonderful Bertillon system of
anthropometric identification, a system that bas reached what is
Axxvar Reroar or ran: Panow Asscoutios oF New Your. 95
practically absolate perfection, relying upon the wellknown fact,
that from the beginning of adutt life, the dimensions of bones
are not changed; the taking and recording of certain measure
nents offer a means of identification which is certain and hates
all effort at deception by disguises, mutilations, the removal of
sears snd superficial individual peculatities, and other means of
Concealment of identity which have often been successfully
‘employed by crimiuals. ‘This system in its more general applica-
tion would have a very extended influence beyond the mere identi
cation of criminals. If each of us were provided with au identi
fication card, the search for any one who might by accident be
disabled, killed, or among the great number of unknown and
‘unidentified, would be greatly simplified, The fruttless searches
of the morgue well Mustrate the value of this method which
should be more generally adopted. The great diteulty of cata-
loguing, which at once suggests itself, has boon practically over.
€ and the classifications are so simple that it is the work of
Dut a few seconds to find a card representing a certain combina.
tion of measurements among many thousands.
4 need say nothing further to this audience against the cruel
‘end ierational system of enforced idleness in prisons. ‘At the
Blmica Reformatory, with which institution 1 am familiar, and
which fs the modet institution of its kind in existence, enforecd
idleness would defeat the beneflcent objects for which it was
founded. ‘The idea of the reformation of eriminals is futile unless
‘the unfortunates, often led into erime by environment and ex
‘uple, without knowledge and skill which wonld enable them to
cern an honest livelihood, receive a. technical instruction sufficient
‘to render them useful members of society and acquire the habit
of work,
Avwuat Report or 1mm
he treatment of erime and criminals should be based solely
upon the iden of the protection of soclety, with no feeling of
it shold not in:
revenge or effort at retributive ponishment
ay degree either in the form of iMogical
‘olve sentimental
ssupathy for the csiisinal, or revenge during the period of 40°
should be hard and
‘ealled punishment. ‘The life of the exh
he should be compelled to at Jeast ear his living and repay
for his support
‘the State what it costs the com
What is ealled a congenital or confirmed eriminal is an enemy
to society and a menace to public safety. Society should be pro-
tected agninst him ax against @ wild beast or a pestilence, It
‘matters not whether he be responsible or irresponsible, whether
he be compelled to commit erfme by an Smpulse which be cannot
termed a coluntary offender with no physi
resist, or what may
val exense for his acts, Society can be protected better by the
intelligent treatment of criminals, lavotving reformation If Pos
sible, than by vindictive and jlogieal punishments.
‘Some of us who make paychologs, mental disease and erimino
logy matters of scientife study and investigation, are met with
the reproach that our Hines of thought lead to # denial of the
responsibility of criminals, that the notion of substituting intel
ligent treatment for so-called panishinent, sent
and secure practical immunity to offenders, ‘De
enter largely into the practical treatment of eriminals and deter
rence in the treatment of the highest eriine, the eriwe of murder
‘can be botter secured by the practical disappenranee of the mur
¥y surrounding such disappearance than by
deren and the myst
the dramatical and sensational process of execution.
“We are on the theeshold of a deeper and more accurate know
edge of mental provesses. Recent discoveries have shown us
Puisoy Association of New Yore. 7
‘that the cells of the brain undergo marked changes during mental
effort, that they become shrunken and deformed during such
effort and that these changes belong to mental fatigue, restoration
bearing.
‘upon the pathology of insanity, for the most important phenome.
Deing effected by sleep. These facts have an importat
non connected With Iusauity is Insomnia, Ts it not possible that
after long deprivation of sleep, the eells of the
ruin may become
permanently altered, rendering all mental operation impossible,
and may it not be shown in the future, that certain changes in
‘the cclls of the brain are characteristic of special forms of in-
sanity, and certain peculiarities of the internal structure of the
brain are coincident with what we know as @ criminal character
or tendenoy?
I now have the pleasure of introducing Dr, Allison, superinten-
‘dont of the institution for the eriminal insane, at Matteawan.”
WHAT CONSTITULES AN INSANE CRIMINAL, AND
WHAT STATUS DOBS HE OCCUPY?
By H. K, Anuisox, M. D.
‘The number of insane held in custody in the State of New York
is about 20,000. Of this total nearly 700 may be classified as in
sane criminals. Some have beon sentenced by the courts, and
‘while in prison have been declared insane; others, instead of re-
ceiving sentence to prison, have been confined in State hospitals
‘to await trial, criminal proceedings having heen snspended pend-
‘ng their recovery from mental derangement. They may then be
oughly divided into the convicted and uncomvicted classes.
‘There is a mental, moral, and physleal difference hetween the two
divisions, whieh is decidedly in favor of.a higher development of
Axwuar Ruronn on 7m
‘these qualities among the unconvicted. It has been claimed that,
‘the convict, as a rule, belongs to a degenerate class. However
‘hat may be, it a fact that when you have brought together such
‘convicts ax become insane, you have grouped a body of human
Detngy ha are mackey efetve, Maren, salty i v3
prevalent among convlets, ‘The three principal pelsons in the
Btate of New York receive and have in custody a total popula:
fon of about 4,700 inwates each year, and during uly time there
upon an average Aftyfoar commitments to the Matteawan
‘State Hospital, showing that about one a elghty-seven hecome fa
mally. A. sianll percentage of these patients, although
‘they have been sentenced to prison, ¢
feriminal class. By reason of insanity they perpetrated some oxime
not really belong to the
for which they have been improperly tried and convicted.
of them have unsuecessinlly Saterposcd the plee of insanity as a
defense at the tine of their trial, while in others the fact of their
having been insaue at te time of th
Imprisonment, As @ rule, such coneiots are not
act does not become evi
dent until a
‘the result of
disposed to criminal pests, but the crime being the resol
iscase is In the nature of am accidental clsoumstanee. Usually
some offense againet the person,
‘the charge against them Is for si
Ht ls crue they are
‘the outgrowth of insane Ideas of peracentfon o
though not through eriminal propensities, but
‘Homletdal ideas are common
dangerous me
rather because of their delusions,
prevalent among them, Numbers of eowvieted life men are in
‘eluded in this eatogory, who have been ound guiley though In
sane, Confinement in prison and brooding regrettully over thelr
‘set undoubtedly drives some to madness, but this ean not account
for the large number of men sentenced for life in whom seas
becomes dethroned. ‘Twenty-three per cent. of all the life men
Putsox Associanox or New Youn.
in the State of New York are confed in the State Hespiial for
the Criminel Tasane, having been transferred from tho prisona;
and of these the great majority were insane at the time the hemi.
‘ldal act was committed, Insanity fx seapontible in a large ae.
sree fora great number of murders and for sevious assaults upon
‘the person,
Occasionally foreigners are also sent to prison ouffering trom
an attack of insanity, which is not recogulzed by the courts at
{he time of thelr tial by reason of the diftealties of language,
Tee eliminate all persone, therefore, in whom inaadity existed
at the time of the erimiual act and bofore conviction, we shall
Baye remaining the general convict body, made up of men who
were sane before commitment to prison. Many of these are old
oteuders, and among them Is the habitual crimtaa}, ‘They are
an unstable lot mentally, and during confinement mavy become
deranged. We find associated with this derangement a condltion
of general mental and physical enfecblement, congenital in, ite
character. ‘Many of them have never been Bright, and they are
Aefclent in waturat abiliey and in education, ‘Theie condition ts
‘ne Hoth to heredity and carly environment. ‘The family history,
88 4 tule, is not good, and the opportunities for education have
Sither been denied or their mental enpacity would not admit of
‘thelr receiving it. ‘They are fixed in eriminal habits, and whon
Gischarged from prison become recidiviats, If they develop in:
Sanity daring imprisonment, they are sent to the Matteawan
Bospical, whore they often recover. It ie & question, when they
dave heen restored to thetr normal atate whether they are At aub
Jeeta for return to the custody of the prison to be released upon
‘ie expication of their term of sentence, of whether they ebould
Deretained at the hospital as still insane or mentally defective. In
200 Asnuan Revorr ov TE
many casee the history of the patient throngh bis numerous con-
vietions shows that, because of bis criminal propensities, his men-
tal calfbre is not great cuough to keep him out of prisoa, and that
he is a dangerous person to be at large. When actually insane
he nature of ideas of perse-
bis delusions axe apt to partake of
‘eution, and when Le bas apparently secovered, it ie @ifleult to
determine whether these fafae beliefs have eutieely aisappeaved or
become quiescent, ‘The natural state of the man renders
a mote dificult task on account of his low oxder of intelli.
gence and mental development, The individual history should
govern largely in determining the present mental condition in
eases wherein there is an clement of doubt. If the question of
responsibility were oftener raised in the courts, and the length of
confinement made more dependent upon the character and revord,
fof the individual than upon the crime, many of these persons
would be ¢entenced for very much longer terms and others com
titted to lunatic asylums. If a man knew dat his chavacter as
wus lo be considered, it would have a decidedly
well as the
Aeterront influence upon him. The old iden of punishment is
better effected
pasting away, and sectsity of life and property
‘by methods which iook to the reformation of youthfut rst offend:
ers, the lengthy sequestration of the conflemed criminal, and the
detention fm custody of the insene copvict Deyond the expiration
of his term until he ix recovered or considered St to be at lange.
In all States whore hospitals for the eximlnal jusane have been
established, it Is the practice to commit to their eustody all com:
viets who become mentally deranged. If they recover before the
expiration of the term for which they were sentenced, they are
retumed to the prisod (o serve te remainder of thelr terms. If
‘they remain insane, they are detained at the hospital beyond the
Prrsow Associariox op New Your. x01
period at which their terms of sentence end, and until they
secover or are sufficiently improved to be released with a reason
able degree of safety. Of su
h unrecovered cases about 175 are
now detained at Matteawan, several of them being from ten to
‘tteen sears past the time at which their sentences expired. Dur-
ing th
ast two years there have been discharged Atty convicts
who were thus held over time, Of this number Atteen were
removed by death and twenty-one transferred either to other
State hospitals, to homes in foreign counties, or to the custody
of friends in this and other States. The average duration of time
‘added to their terms of imprisonment by being thus retained was
‘bout one year three months, ‘This Includes both thi
1 who died
and those released to the custody of other institutions and
fonds, who would otherwise have been detuined for a longer
Period. Only fourteen of the fifty were discharged an recovered
‘and absolutely released. When we eo
idee that the average
Tength of sentence In the three great prisons of the State, allow.
ing for commntation for good conduct and excluding life sen.
fence @nd execution, is only about three years and ten monthe,
‘We shall ud that the insane convict who is so unfortunate as to
remain unrecovered at the end of his seatence hes an average
duration added to the length of his term of about a2 1 per cont;
and If his delusions are auch as to render him unsafe to be at
large,
fs practically confined for life. Tn this monner some of
‘the criminal clements who are dangerous by reason of insanity
ate sifted oot and romein in enstody. Moreover, the hospital
affords to hopeful cases among convis
to
s the same opportunity
* relief and cure as fs provided to the insane generally through
out the State. When viewed as a result of insani
iy; acts which
have been credited to viciousness awaken the sentiment of pity
22
a Soorvan:iiuroenian:nsn Paisox Assooumiox of Naw Yous 408
excited a vast amount of controversy on the subject of responst-
bility In mental disease. Members of hoth the legal and medical
ch upon this subject, even since Had-
field made his assault upon King George the Third. Whenever
and sympathy rather than of resentment and retribution. Still
it is generally recognized that the subject should be kept within
profession have written mu
the restraint of a hospital for the insane as long as he is a menace
to the community and incapable of self-control. To sammasize,
the question of insanity arises, the test of the courts which has
teen generally applied! has been, “Did the acensed know the na-
‘ture and quality of his act, and did ke know that it was wrong?”
the insane convict Js made up fist of those persons who are not
really criminals, but who have been mistakenly adjudged such,
‘thelr crime having been the result of insanity and mot of free an i c
Gholee; and sceondiy of those persons whose erimes were com Roce se sre ney ee ORE
and wrong in the abstract; and while in general he may be ful
mitted by sane men from sane motives, but who as a rule are te te at Weleda, ws tech gotta
aware of the enormity of homleide, yet in relation to his act
deficient in mental and physieal endowment, and whe in prison y = jad
Ree often holds very erroneous hellefs, ‘There ts often this point of
Sanne difference between the sane habitual eriminal who «ubsequen
In the State of New York the question of Insanity among eon: ° ‘ an ene see
jecomes Ceranged and the insane offender, namely, the former
“Viets is determined in the following manner. ‘The prison physt - com a
is chooses a life of crime mowing it to be unlavful, and the act for
lan certifies to the warden that in his opinion 2 certain convict ae eae lac om
is insame. Upon such certifeate the warden applies to a judge eee eon ony an mmeininn
‘which remain undetected; while the latter's transgression may be
polntment of two medicat examin:
of a court of record for the a
the only serious oue in a life time, and, moreover, he has vevall
‘ere not counccted with the prisou. If they cousrm the report x
: striven to avold aud to resist his impulse to commit it. Some
of the prison pliysichan, the judge thereupon orders the commit- ;
eminent jurists bave said that if a person is capable of curbing
ment of the convict to the Matteawan State Hospital, where the
a bimself for some longth of time from the commission of an act
which he feels to be wrong, that the very fact of such self-res-
‘raint imp!
‘and wrong, which renders him felly responsible; if he could
patient is placed under approprinte medical treatment.
ges the needs of the individual as well as the
ca
9 to serve the remainder of his sentence, but if
statute here recog:
os the exorcise of will power anda knowledge of right
1¢ man recovers during bis term, he is re
safety to society
‘turned to pris
hhe does not so recover be Is held indetinitely, even for tife, unless
control his actions for a week ar a month, why could he not
ave finally refrained from doing wrong? Tt might with equal
sooner determined to be a At subject for discharne either ab-
truth be said that, because a patient iif with a fever was able
solutely ar into the custody of responsible felends.
to walk about for days, his eventual confinement to bed was
something which he gould have successfully combated. Yet we
know that continuanee of disease leads to death, which it is In
the power of no man (o avert, In the same manner progressive
Aside from the insune convict there is another elass, which, for
ack of a better term, are known a8 Insane eviminuls, but who
would more properly be styled insane offenders, In this division
is comprised a most dangerous class of individuals, who have
108 Axsvan Rerorr op ome
‘metal disorder often leads to criminal nets, 1 have mo doubt
that there are walking about in every city today men who are
imupulses
to do harm, We know that many persons have traveled about
insane, and who are vesisting homicidal delusions
trom p
ce to place to escape the designs of imaginary enemies
‘upon thelr lives; many others have believed
hypnotized, or persecnted, and
pulses to do harm. We all know the distinction between tran
nnselves poisoned,
trfed to resist insane im:
stent, insistent, and fixed ideas, and we recognize their final
fovermastering pawer. ‘The transient thought which enters the
brain may ouly startle a person and be dismissed, or it may leave
vague suspicion and distrust, Tventually the insane thought
‘iay so frequently dhrost itsel? npon the mind that by its constant
reiteration it becomes a dominant and fixed iden, and in the end
a controlling force, In many casos a man js at last so overcome
by stress of disease that a violent or dangerous act is a natural
outcome, Such a person may know the aature of bis specie act;
that ig, whether it Is one of wounding or Milling or setting fre to
buildings ov appropriating property. ‘The quality of the act,
however, is subjective, and depends upon the mental processes
which lead to ite commission. If the eet was zevengeful, ven-
geance was for imaginary or delusional wrongs witich dually be:
came wnbearable, if the act was ia bis opinion one of self-de
fense, he was defending himself against an enemy which existed
only as a figment of bis brain, Quullty implies judgment, and
fa judgment founded upon such false premises cannot be sound.
If his delusions influenced his judgment be eanaot be said to have
a true understanding of the subject he knowledge
that the act Is wrong, in the sense that it is wmlawfal, carey with
ft responsibility. ‘The Insane person who shot at the Rev. Dr.
Puisow Assoctamion of Naw Youx. 105
Hall stated that he knew the act was not lawful, but he felt that
he was hypnotized, and while not Intending harm, he took this
method of attracting public attention to his case, hoping that its
exploitation would tree him from a hand of conspirators who
were working injury upon him. In these eases the quality of
the deed is frequently the decisive test. No single act can be
termed insane, but all the circumstances and conditions which
produce it most he carefully considered in order to fx ite quality.
‘There may be a great deal of difference between the act of an
finsane man and am insane act. Many acts of the insane are
perfectly rational. ‘This seems a paradox, and is a fact not gen-
erally understood. Many believe that because a patient is able
to write a coherent letter he onght not to be confined in @ Tunatio
asylum; even jndicial officers have expressed such an opinion.
In judging of any act, the chief point is to determine what are
the premises upon which to base a reason for it. To pronounce
correct opinion of a person's mental condition requires a very
complete knowledge of the man, and renders each ease a most
interesting psychological study. ‘The Insane offender may be a
vexy dangerons man, Dnt he is not criminal, thongh so termed.
While in some cases of insanity the legal test of responsibility
4s not easy of application, in others it is very simple, Insane
offenders may consist of paranoiacs, chronie maniacs, paretics,
epilepties, cases of melancholia and of dementia, imbeetlity, and
idiocy. It is in paranola, chroxie mania, and melancholia that
premeditated acts of homicidal or dangerous nature are most
often committed. The patient is governed by eystematized delu-
1 it is not always an easy matter to discover, Patients
ths aifected, as a. rule, are cunning, shrewd, and expable of con-
‘eocting plans to do harm, ‘Their reasoning if often acute, but, as
108 Aysvat Reront of Tu
are the products of a diseased brain.
tase of individoals and filled with
swe have suid, their premise:
‘hey are @ most dangecovs
high notions of self-conceit. ‘They wish to be the center of publio
anil seems to them
notice,and it is most knmilitating to their px
‘avank injustice to be summmasily locked up in @ lunatic asylum for
life, With other membere of the same fraternity to be made to
feel that a like fate ray await them, fs far more repressive than
tion of n sentence. A. sensational trisl and convic-
the impos!
5 wonld not wound the
‘tion and imprisonment for a term of ye:
‘io have it pnmistakably
selfove of a yaranoite more susely
indicated that he is of no use in the world and to be confined as
‘a ebronie lunatic. No mistaken public sympathy should ever be
allowed to intorest itself for his retense
Pareties, as a rule, are s0 evidently iosane, and their acts are
often of 0 foolish a nature, oF so lacking a ratfonal besis, that
cloarly demousteable before courts and
‘their condition Is usally
juries.
crime while under the infuence of
Epilepties offen comm
leptie siates, and retain 20 memory of the
frenzy or while tn &
fact whatever. Many of thom are tractable duriog the interval,
bat troublesome and dangerous periodically, Many most shock:
by epileptios, Most of their
ing crimes Tiare heen commit
deeds are of a sudden and impulsive character. As a rile, ther
ad quality of the act
are at the time unconselous of the natare
nor do they know that itis wrong. Tn fact, they ore oblivious of
effects of the convulsion have
the whole affatn, and after tv
passed away retain no knowledge of the occurrence. Criminal
14, not in frenzy, but by epilepties who
of the!
acts may also be eommitt
ave reached a state bordering on dementia as the re
aisease, ‘The main points to determine are, whether opllepsy @*
Pnisow Association or New Yous. ot
ists, and is the patient dangerous to be at lange. These condl-
tions are very well understood as a factor in the production of the
criminal insane. Epilepsy is essentially a chronic and continuing
disase, and where an acquittal is had upon the ground that sueh
jemary exists, the jarg, In accordance with the provisions of
the Code of Criminal Procedure should repost a special verdict
to that eff
“they must be instructed to state that fact with their verdict.
and Hf Shey acquit apon the ground of insanity
‘The court mast thereupon, if the defendant be in custody, and
they deem his discharge dangerous to the public peace or safety,
order him to be committed to the State Iamatic asylum until he
becomes sane.” ‘This procedure, if adhered to, would practically
confine all dangerous eplleptics changed with serious crime. And
‘where s person has tnken human Jife or made an attempt to do
Dodlly harm, or committed arson or any other grave offense, he
should he confined a8 Tong as his malady exists, or as long as, in
‘he opinion of a justice of a Supreme Court, it és proper to detain
him,
Demented persons often commit crimes, but they are usually of
a minor character, easily recognized to be the act of a feeble:
‘minded person; nevertheless such people are often a menace to
‘the neighborhood. ‘They may he subject to sudden outbursts of
violence or develop a penchant for acts of arson or othr procliv
‘les which render it necessary to provide for their aafe custody.
Itis among the fecbleminded, the degenerate, and the imbeaile
offenders that dificulty often arises as to their accountability and
status onder the law, No one would consider an idiot to be
responsible, But these persons are not all idiots, and there are
ail grades of fecblemindedness, and the matter is simply one of
opinion devived from the history of each ease. It is properly
i
Y
Ansan, Revors or 7p
‘a question for the jury to decide, Medical men and othors may
honestly differ in their views as to any particular person. It
would appear that the character of the individual us well ae the
nature of the orime shonld weigh in all eases of imbecility that
‘come before the courts, If the erfuninal act is @ serious one, such
as murdes, a commitment to prigon for life in a doubtful ease
effectually protects saciety without doing injustice to the indi
vidual or bis family; and it would be eminently the most proper
procedure. When the offense ig a minor one, and previous con
vletions have shown that the person is addicted to criminal pur
‘suits, the seutence imposed stould be commensurate not alone
‘with the offense, bnt with the extent of the man’s criminality.
Such persons are largely creatures of Labit. Many of them are
horderline cases, and we have had the experience of receiving
from the courts as patients men who, for former offenses, hare
served terms in the penitentiary, When a person is committed
dy the courts ¢o an asylum for the ersmina) insane on the ground
‘that he is an imbecile, such a commitment virtnally acts as a
life imprisonment, for the reaton that imbecility is a permanent
condition, aud not subject to recovers, Occasionally, in cases
of fist offenses of a trivial natuee, after a variable period of
contiuement, the exiuinal charge has been withdrawn and the
patient discharged
In this connection it may be interesting to compare the average
length of sentence served by convicts in State priaon with the
average length of confinement undergone by the lumates com
amultted by the conris to the Matteawan State Hospital, Allowing
the uses! deduction for gond conduct, and excluding fe and
execution sentenecs, the average length of sentence served at
Sing Sing is three years, nine months and twenty-four days
Puisos Associmion or Now Yor. 109
Whereas at Mattenwan the average length of detention of cases
committed by the conrts, calculated on the discharges for the last
‘ree years, has been dive years and one month. ‘Mhese Sgures
‘nelude all deaths, all eases returned to court for trial, and all
fransferred to other State hospitals. In this connection is ap.
pended the following table, showing the nature of the erime, the
Jength of confinement and the termination of each court” ease
Glscharged from Matteawan during the past three years:
Paisoy Assooraion or Nuw Yor.
so etn ne conse
Avsuat Raven o THB
muy, amt osvan: TWHGSGAL nAVUg AVAYALIVY HUE IF axXORTHOHG| HUM 39209 40 SEY] NIATNOD
Gonerars Lise oF Covur* Pareza Dusonaroun, Bro— (Conduded)
og ae any, ed cody er
Puisos Associasioy o» New Yonx, a3
{appears from this table that the public welfare ia better sub-
served by the patient having been declared insane than would
ave been the case had he been sentenced to pris
on. At the same
time humanity and justice have been impartially served, whieh ts
the aim of the law. In many cases of homicide or of assault
with intent Co kill, if the prio
2s declared insane, the probabili:
tot of his detention until safe to be at large are much greater if
he is committed to @ Iunatic asylum,
han if convicted and sen:
tenced to pricon where the average length of bis detention would
be for @ decidedly shorter period. An ingane man who fails to
ill his vi
im is as dungerous as one who actually commits a
homicide, The sane man's passion is transient, but the Iunatie
Js dangerons so long as his delusions prevail. ‘There are numer
ous instances in our population of cases still resident with us,
who are placed in our custody for murders and deadly assaults
committed twenty and even thisty years ago. ‘The popular iden
‘that the asylum is a shield, under cover of which many guilty
persons escape the penalty of crime, Js ot often, I think, borue
‘out by fucts, On the contrary, it fs diMienlt under the law to
procure discharges, ‘Ther
‘ave, Indeed, some eases of petty of:
fenses committed by weak-minded bo}
where @ more Hberal pro-
Vision for discharge is desirable, so that such patients may be
sent to industrial homes or schools, or even released after a
period, instead of remaining in an aaylum for life. Im England
the practic
many cases is to parole patients conditionally for
2 period of time during which the criminal charge still remains
pending, and, jn the event of misbehovior, the patient Is arrested
‘and returned to custody upon summary proceedings without trial
It is in part the purpose of this paper to show the necessity of
8
Ps getariox ov Naw Yous.
nt Amuvan Resour vr tm Petwox Asso N
‘The old
Jng-not alone with crime, bat with the individual
aan
i : to modern methods of reformation of the
ssing away to give
place, whexe possibl
individual; the prolonged contin
and the safe custody of the dangerous
vement of the habitual eriminal;
the protection of societ
‘he commutation
insane. Reformatory he
methods for the young,
of eentences for good behavior in prison, the Indeterminate sem:
tence, the Introduetion of the Bertilion system, the estabisument
e ull steps turning in that
of hospitals for the crhutual insane, are all steps turning
‘The chief question to he determined, before the re
oor 2 whether it is safe
lease of degenerate and insaue individuals,
for the community to permit such persons to be at larEe.
‘the conferences reported abore, brought together umany of the
ts discussions were of an
foremost prison men of the Btate, The dis
tremely informal character—questious being freely asked and
anawored, At each conference the rooms of the association were
¢ only our own, but several
packed to their utmost capacity. Not only
presented,
seem so great that it seems
ther neighboring States were re
‘the usefulness of these meetings
desirable to repeat them during the coming year
Expert Testimony.
4n connection with the conferences, there was a question box—
and many questions pertinent to the subjects under considera-
tiou and to practical prison management were asked and an-
swered—most of these were lost in the fire spoken of above. We
have, however, beon successful in obtaining from Dr. J. B. Ran.
som of Dannemor, his reply to one of the most important ques-
ons provoundee.
In answer to yoar query “ Ave you in favor of a Board of Medi
cal Experts,” in court to determine on matters within the prov-
ince of the physician, 1 should emphatically say “Yes.”
I needs no demonstration to show that the modera trial, sen-
tence aud punishment of the criminal, largely based upon as.
sunyption, and in ignorance of the criminal himself, has measure-
ably failed to protect socioty from the rising tide of erime, or to
essentially provide opportunity of reform for the criminal. In
spite of the exercise of the powers of the court, and the almost
entire relegation of the eriminal to the ofees of the Penal Code,
‘rime fs constantly and markedly Increased, and the ranks of the
criminal classes have been constantly recruited. ‘This is in the
langest sense due no doubt to the faet that the procedures of the
courts In the ad.sinsstration of law have based their action upon
the theory that their functions were first to detect crime, and
‘then to punish it, losing sight of the fact that all men are not
alike, and that punitive measures can only be efficient when
tey (ake into consideration the individual characteriaties, and
416 Assvan Resor o» rm Paisox Astocrariow o New Yous,
hopes to report such exhibitions and conferences from to time,
Correspondence.
PENOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN THE UNITED STATES AND
CANADA.
From our honorary corresponding members we receive the fol-
lowing information as to penologien! and preventive measure
adopted or pending in their several localities,
INDIANA
‘The Hon. C. H. Reeve writes
My Dear Mr. Round—Yours of 29th ult, requesting me to be
come an honorary corresponding member of yout association for
Indiana received. 1 thank you for the compliment implied and
should rogard the positfon as an honor coming to me, and one 1
would be glad to hold, f T could be of any, the least, service to no
useful am institation. ‘The New York and Pennsylvania associa
tons may well feet proud when the long years of benevolent and
Denefleent labor and results are held in review, which are em-
odied in their histories,
If the position Involves me in no obilites, and requires of me
no involuntary labor, end I could see any way to be of service, T
Would be pleased to see my name on your list. Showld you use it
you must remember my 75 years and my failing strength and
powers, my physteal inability to make personal investigations
‘and reports, and that all T could do would be to offer suggestions
or opinions on any subject that might be presented to me for that
purpose.
Avsuan Reponr op tar
My writings, lectures and papers on reform matters, including
many relating to treatment and dispesition of the mat-adjusted
members of society, have been voluminous, bat very few have
Deen preserved ov put into type, I had Intended, at some time,
to have the best of them cavefuliy edited and poblighed. but tia
too Inte now. My little Vook on “The Prison Question,” rapidly
written, printed without vevision, or submission to some great
bpublisher for review and endorsement, with a few pamphlets, the
contents of some of which are in the proceedings of the National
Prison Association, ave all that have been preserved, except in
manuscript. The others have existed In synopsis of lectures, and
in Journalistle articles for magoxines aud uewspapers scattered
over the countey. While ¥ regarded some of the work ay of mate
al value, Ihave made no efforts to save it My book has done
good work, I regard prevention as the only safeguard and hope
for securing the ends sought for by reform metois up to this
time, and I have endeavored to educate in formation of a public
‘opinion that will entertain a teue view of the idea of “ the sacred:
ness of the person,” and “the Uberty of the individual,” instead
of the false, Immoral aud degeading one that now obtains, One
that will recognize what a revolting thing it ts to say that gov
‘ernment may quarantine a ship as long as it pleases, loaded with
‘passengers freo of physieal or moral diseasv,and subject haudreds
of innocent, worthy persone to all the puntsbmeut—physteal and
‘mental—of snch detention, simply because one person had died on
board longlietorewith contagious disease.for fear the disease may
spread; while the sume government voluutasily issues licenses By
‘the sullion yearly, to syphilitios, serofulitics, boltimbecites, pau
pera, tramps, dronkirds, eriuninals of every kind and degree of
PRisow Assocrtion of New Yorn. 9
viciousness, without even an Inquiry as to fitness or results; and
authorizes judieial and cleviea} dignitaries to unite them in mar.
riage—in the jails, the poorhouses, the streets—anywhere, legit
mizing the vicfous offspring of a most dangerous mass of promis:
enous procreatives,
Government itself, becoming accessory to any particeps ertminis
‘m the contamination poisoning the very sources of a lite that eau
be mude endurable and tolerable only by the utmost care and safe
guarding in the initiative. What a disgusting bypocrisy fe mani.
fest in trampling on “ the individual liberty,” and ignoring “the
sacreduess of the person,” in the quarantines, and regarding both
1s too divine to be touched in the case of a certain and universal
cootamination and pofsoning of the whole social sea, under
Beense!
‘To make the common public see thie—and hoping that im time
it ean be made to see it—I have labored and still labor, and L am.
glad to know that the few evangels so engaged have made some
progress,
‘While wo labor to mitigate and ameliorate the condition of the
“lotims of this legalized crime, we should also try to find means to
Prevent the further legalization of such breeding. ‘These views
may be obnoxfous lo your association; perbaps regarded as
utopian, If you think so, look at the change in views on other
ves in your association In fifty years, and see if more extreme
changes have not occurred,
Mr. Reeve also writes us segarding the indeterminate sentence:
“W. MF. Roux, Esq., Seeretary N.Y. Prison Association:
“Dear Sir—T enclose stip from ‘ State Sentivel which may be
of interest, relating to Indiana prison matters, As you probably
Know, we have a reformatory and law sinilar to your law and
Bimira Retormatory
20 ssvat Repose o¥ THB
‘The Indeterminate Sentence Law is now in the Supreme Court
for decision as to its constitutionality and a decision is looked for
‘early in the winter, if the law is to be upheld, If not, lawyers are
‘of the opinion tat the decision will be withheld, as its overthrow
fed situation, with the Legislature
would ereate suel a compl
taties would arise. Tt is be
not in session, that the greatest dl
lieved that were the lagr overthrown now, au extra session of the
‘Legislature would be necessary
Since the above was received the Supreme Conrt of Indiana has
decided in favor of upholding the law. (Cor. See’y P. A., N.Y.)
LOUISIAN
Mr, Clarence P. Low. president of the Charity Organization
Society, New Orleans, writes:
“1am actively connected with the Prison Reform Association
a year old, we have
ed
of this State, and, while we are not 5
already accomplished substantial progress, and fecl eneourt
to press forward.
“We have had to do a great des} of edueational work, and have,
therefore, put mang articles fn the daily newspapers, but i would
not be worth while to tronble you to read most of them, ax they
althougl,
would appear to you of a very elementary charac
just because they were of that character, they were valuable in
the beginning of our work.
ite the following as among the results already accom:
cured the removal of all boys under 16 years of age
erly, boys were committe
from our peisou and workhouse. Fors
to our parish prison, and police jail, In the beginning we at
tempted to secure a separation of the boys from men in these in-
Paisow Assooiamon or New Yous. wi
stitutions, but, as investigations progressed, and, as our influence
grew and our acquaintance with the officials became closer, we
raised our asplvations, and worked to have all boys removed from
thes
institutions, which has heen accomplished. This required
‘many interviews with the prison officals, committing magistrates,
criminal Judges, police superintendent, city counell, mayor and
commissioner having In charge the Boys’ House of Retnge.
Today ther
is not a boy either in our parish prison or police
jail, and the mayor has positively instructed the committing
snagistrates to seud no others there, and the criminal judges have
promised (hat they will not send any others thee,
“We ave now moving to have the boys elassified and separated
A€ the Boys’ House of Refuge with good prospects of immediately
accomplishing something definite,
“We have also secured the removal of every insane and feeble-
minded person ia ef
er our parish prison, police jaib or Boys’
House of Refuge, ‘There were several in every institution, and
‘we were told on all hands that It was impossible to have the pra
tive of keeping a certain nomber in these institutions broken up.
We have, however, secured the removal of every such person, and
0 more fecbleminded ot fnsane persons willbe op ia out jal
Tas requleed a great deal of tard work with oMelals ofall kinds,
snd the accomplishment of oar work was delayed by the yellow
‘even MARYLAND.
‘The Hon. Coldsborough S. Grisith ite:
“My Dear
T received the very valuable report of your
association and will take pleasure in examining it at my leisure,
From a cursory examination T must compliment you on its com:
Dleteness and general get up.
Awscar Reronr op tHE
1p vegard to the matters that you request in your letter, T
have to say thet the indeterminate sentence is not in operatiog
in our State, I know of no changes in the laws or legislation in
regard to capital punishment, prison labor, ete, wor any agitation
on the subject. Everything is working along smoothly and satis
factotlly.
MICHIGAN.
My. Walter K. James, secretary of the Home of Industry, De
voit, writes:
“Dear Sit. Referring to your esteemed favar of the 26th alt
Tam desired by Mrs, d’Arcambal to forward you the attached Iist
of bills relating to prison questions that have come before the
Michigan Legislature during the session 1897. She has not copies
of these bills, but can proente eopies of avy Chak sou may desire
‘The indeterminate sentence ix not in force in the prisons of this
State, but the parole system bas bees used with satisfactory re
sults for several years, You will observe from the accompanying
ist that an attempt to restore capital punishment in the State was
defeated during the present year.
sothe eovtract system has been generally adopted in our State
Institutions and fe found to be fairly satisfactory in its results
‘You will also observe that a recent attempt to substitute road
abor with ball aud chain was also defeated
(List aceompansing letter.)
MICHIGAN LEGISLATURE, 1897.
Bills relating to Prison Questions.
1. To abolish contract Jabot sn prisons and work convicts o
road with bail and chain, (Defeated)
2, To restore capital punishment, Defeated.)
3. To place women on asylum boards, (Defeated)
Prisox AssooiaTiox of New Youre. 123
4, To make mandatory the employment of female physicians in
asylums and home for fecbleminded, (Defeated.)
6, To require matrons in Jails and police stations, (Passed.)
6, To repeal law which permits admitting visitors to prisons on
paying admittance fee, (Defeated)
‘To provide for unsexing of certain defletent and eriminal per-
sons, (Defeated)
To restore definite term of appointment of wardens, (De-
feated.)
9. To provide for Tnbeling and marking prison-made goods as
such, (Defeated)
NEW YORK.
‘The Hon. Z. R. Brockway writes:
“Dear Sir—t have yours 9th, Tam sorry not to be able to
reply more fully than it is possible for me to do.
“mhere are existent aduit reformatories as you know,
“phe New York State Reformatory at Elmira.
“The Massachusetts Reformatory at Concord.
“the Penneylvania Reformatory at Huntington,
“The Minnesota Reformatory at St. Cloud,
“‘Phe Ulinois State Reformatory at Pontiac.
“the Obto State Reformatory at Mansfield.
“The Indiana. Reformatory at Jeffersonville.
“There are authorized by law, with appropriations, projected
reformatories In New Jersey, Wisconsin and Connecticut, It is
probably true of Connecticut that the enterprise is suspended at
present,
“All these reformatories are based upon statutory application
of the principle of the so-called “Indeterminate Sentence; in
‘addition to whieh it should be said that modification of criminal
14 Axsran Rerort of THB
general statutes adopting the parole features, and in many in
stances the whole range of provisions of the indeterminate sen
tence plan, have heen made as follows: The general statutes of
Obio, of Illinois, of New York and others whieh Tam sot sure
enough to be able to state. Thus you have the sam of a rather
himited account as to the progress of reformatories in our own
st ONTARIO, CANADA.
‘The Hoa, James Massie writ
My Dear Sir.—At the last session of the provincial legisla:
ture no acts affecting the working of our reformatory and penal
institutions were introduced, the only bill tending in that direc
tion was one regarding the importation of dependent ebildrea
Intended for settlement in Canada from the homes in Great
Britain, subjecting the ehifren intended for settlement in Gan
ada to examination hefore leaving, and to inspection after being
laced with foster parents by provincial inspectors. A very
proper and necestary protection for the reputation of the bones
in Great Britain, the provinee of Ontarlo and the children thei
selves,
“The late federal government at Ottawa had commenced the
erection of a reformatory for young men, first offenders, at Alex
andria, in the castor part of this province, intending it to serve
for the whole Dominion, but it was stropgly disapproved of ia the
west, and the present government Inluevced doubtless by the
}F pronounced opinion generally, have suspended operte
tions upon it, and if is understood that the minister of justice
coincides with the expressed vlews of actual criminal reformers,
that there should be a reformatory in each of the larger provinces.
“Some progress bas been made in the direction of adopting
Paisos Assoorariox ov New Yore. 125
the indeterminate sentence, but no bill bas been introduced at
the present meeting of parliament at Ottawa, though it is Tearned
the present minister of justice has it under consideration, and has
been interviewed at different times on the subject.
“the Prisoner's Ald Association here have been pressing for
the adoption of the probation system for first offenders and the
establishment of a Canadian Conference of Charities aud Corree
tions, and efforts are being made to have the Bertillon ayatem of
registration of criminals adopted. We are hopeful that between,
the present and next session of the federal parliament at Ottawa
hese matters and others in the same direction will be fully con:
sidesed by the department of justice, and before Jong billa will
be introduced for their adoption.”
OREGON.
‘The Hon, Earl M. Wilbur writes:
“Dear Sir-—During the seven years of my residence in Oregon,
there has been little advance that is worthy of publie record in
the penal system of the State, ‘The city and county jails, with
few exceptions, have been for years, and still are, il-constracted,
‘unsanitary and foul. ‘The report of the State Board of Charities
‘and Corrections in 1802 for the single year which it was permitted
to exist, published the facts and made recommendations. And
Whatever new jails are creeted, there is shown a disposition to
nild them much less subject to criticism, The Multomah
county jail at Portland, the largest in the State, has within two
‘years leven greatly improved, especially in making apartments for
women and witnesses, far removed from the reat of the Inmates,
and in sanitary matters, The congregate system prevails
16 Ansvar, Rerour of 32
throughout the State, however; and the jails serve often only as
comfortable loafing places with food and shelter and society, and
without labor or punishment,
“omhe State penitentiary at Salem has about 360 inmates. A
small proportion are employed under the contract system in
making staves; but the great majority are in idleness, except for
the labor connected with the conduet of the institution, ‘The
building is old end unsanita
‘and fi Is ugual to have two con-
viets ia cach cell. ‘Flogging is administered In the more ex-
treme cases of discipline; and the dark cell und other punishments
in the milder cases,
“No legislation bas ever been enacted looking toward prison
crt, T have some reason to think that a law
reform of any
giving indeterminate sentence and the parole system might pase
the legislature without successful opposition. Capital panish-
ment ig In force, but the cases of it ase not frequent. ‘There is
the usual feeling wit
regan,
a to pri
free labor. ‘The subject of road building by conviets bas been
on labor in competition with
much discussed the past year, and there is some probability that
it would hare been tried this summer, had not the legislature
failed to organize. Nothing whatever ia the reformatory line 1s,
done or attempted.”
‘VIRGINIA,
‘The Hon, Robert Stiles writes:
Dear Mr, Ronnd—t send you a copy of the ehartes, constitu
ttion and organization of our Prison Association which contains
algo all the statutes of the
‘te bearing upon it and its work.
Even these statutes are vory crude, and the State has done really
nothing in legislation, bearing upon this general subject, in add
tion to the passage of these acts
Puisow Assooianion ov Naw You. 13h
Capital punishment stil exists and, so far.as I know, there has
ent legislation affecting it, and the indeterminate sent-
ence hus not been adopted. The conviets in our penitentiary are,
however, employed within the walls of the penitentiary, under a
contract with the Davis Boot & Shoe Company, a corporation
chartered under the lawe of this State, but composed of wealthy
been no ros
citizens of Massachusetts, 1 have for years been their counsel
fand have drawn all the contracts under which they hare worked
the conviet labor of the State. I think I may say with confidence
that there never has been In operation in this country a better
specimen of contract convict labor. ‘The men are entirely under
the discipline and contro! of the officers and guards of the peni-
tentiary while at work. ‘There is imposed upon them only a
‘moderate task and they are allowed, within limits, to do extra
work, which they may do from cholee and for whieh they are paid,
i. 6, the money is put {0 their eredit upon the books of the penk
tentiary and much, perhaps most, of it finds its way to their
families. My impression is that fully $2,000 was paid to the men
in this way last year, and the institution is T think more than
seifsustaining, 1, actually brings in a profit to the State. ‘The
prisopers are well fed, well treated and admirably instructed
religiously, and for the most part cheerful and docile,
My own belief is that with (the adoption of the indeterminate
sentence aud) oue single material improvement the State pent
‘tentiary of Vieginia would be an admirable reformatory institu-
tion. ‘The detect is the lack of proper room and sleeping accom:
modations for the convicts. The prison building is an old one
and, in some portions of it, numbess of men are herded together
in one cell at night; but there will be next year, I think, a very
strong movement towards the erection of a new building, upon
198 Axnvas. Rerour or tax Parsox Assoctatiox or Naw Your.
improved plan, with separate cells, ‘The board of our Associa:
tion, is, L think, prepared strongly to second the effort in that
‘direction being made by the admirable superintendent of the
peoitentiary, who is not only &faithful and eMoiont offcer Put a
christian gentleman.
Fought to say, in apology for our Virginia Association that the
‘conduct of the seformasory or Industrial school for boys bas
almost entirely absorbed its time and efforts; and I am free fo
ada that a great deal of time and very earnest efforts hare bees
sade and are required by and given to this object, by the gentle
men who coipose the board. I have sometimes endeavored to
direct, not to say divert, to otter departments of work, open fo
‘them under thelr charter, but they have always met me with
the statement, which I felt to be true, that they were devoting t®
the care of the reformatory all the time they could possibly give
1 subject, nud they were repaid manifold for thelr
asure to say that our
to the general
labor of love. In this connection, it is @ ple
4 and that we are, T
We have now
school has greatly enlarged and Improve
trust, in soand condition morally and financially.
over 150 bors In the institution and in the main they are doing
well.
Penological Progress in Japan.
From our foreign corresponding member, Mr. Keigo Kiyoura,
Vice Minister of Justice of Japan
“ Sir—I have the pleasure to gecet the growing prosperity of
‘the Prison Association of New York. Iam glad to learn that
‘the legal application of the indeterminate sentence is in progress
im yoor country, especially in New York, where the principle,
after a trlal of more than fifteen years, has shown the best re-
sults, so as to have been made permissive in the general law
of the State, and that the prisons based on the system are in
creasing in the varows states, In our country the system is ati
an entirely vnkuewn institution, 1 think it will probubly dd
its way here in the future, I sympathize with the prison mane-
gers of your State suffering from the operation of se
the Revised Constitation, but T am glad to hear that, by their
assiduous service for a remedy, they are very successful in miti-
gating the rigidity of the law to some extent.
“Our revived treaties with foreign nations are coming in force
within two years, Accordingly
F Accordingly, at present the government and
the people are in preparation for meeting the occasion with wis:
‘dom, on all affaies, especially the prison question, which is estt
mated as one of the most important things. ‘The prison mana.
‘gers are busy in preparlug a scheme of putting our countrymen
jn a smooth relation with foreigners in the treatment of prison-
Electrocution.
In view of comparatively recent introduction of eapital punish:
ment by electrocution, the forelgn correspondents often ask os
regarding the methods used not alone for scientife aaeee
ut for details and descriptions of the execution, In view of
these facts 1 asked Dr. J. G. W, Greef to attend at the electro
cation of Howard N. Seott, at Sing Sing prison, June 14, 1807,
‘The following 1s his report. ;
pad murdered his wife on October 26, 1896,
Boward N. Seo
Jeb he had occupied with ber.
in the tenement whieb he had occup
‘come intimate with another woman and his wife
wer to a charge of
He had
procured a summons requiring him to anew
abandooment. This was on the day of the marder.
He nad hed frequent quarrels with bis wife and bad been
arrested repeatediy for beating her.
a} physieial developments, he
eott was a negro of wonder
height with a rather intelligent f
wstomed to Tending a
bright eyes
was of medium
and very light complesion, He was ac
in concert halls.
restless life, belng a banjo play’
Tooting at Scott one would not have thought him « criminal
‘the room in which the mosderer was pot to death is a room of
A to the right of the door
about 90 feet aquare. At one end and to the right of th
from which the prisoner is led in ix a cabinet Jn which the man
rho turns on the current is placed, unknown and unseen Dy anv
Bor
Amncat Revoxt or ra Pawox Asioctattox or Nuw Your. 131
A strong iron rod with one wire leads fom the top of this
cabinet to the chair, which is some four foct in front of it. The
chair, an armchair, is made of oak wood, with strong iron fasten-
ings, and straps are placed on it in suck a manner as to be
put aroimd the gollowing parts of the man to be eletroeuted
‘One strap around the chest, one each around both upper arms and
forearms,
‘The legs axe held in place by straps just above the ankles;
then one strap is placed go as to hold down the thighs just below
‘the abdomen,
‘he other wire is led from fhe cabinet under the floor to the
Fight side of the chaie; this is fastened to ap electrode, which
is put around the right leg just beneath the knee, while the wire
leadi
g from the tod is attached to a cap being fastened around
‘the bead, thus making the other eleotrode. ‘The hair on the man's
head is cut very close in order to enable the electrode to come in
‘contact with the akin,
Previous fo the coming of the criminal the
1s of the electric
chair were tested to make eure of a perfect clreuit.
‘The prisoner was then led in by several keepers, followed by
two ministers. He walked with # deternined step, never besi-
tating, and not a quiver was there to be seen as he took his seat
in the chair, He was rapidly strapped faet; the keepers then
stepped aside and a current of 1,840 volts was tured on and was
passed throngh bis body for about half a minute,
‘The body straightened out with a jerk and only collapsed when
the current was reduced to 900 volts, which were allowed to pass
through
for some fifty seconde
‘This is sufficient to kill a man, Dut in this case a beating of
the cartid arteries was noticeable and it was deamed necessary
to again give the man the 1,840 votts,
199 Arua. Ruvonr oF rmx Puisow Assoctariox or Naw Yorn,
hore was evidently no pain and it is bardly to be supposed
there was, for certainly electricity travels faster than an impulee
‘from the surface of the bedy to the brain and back again.
“After the man was pronounced dead, the straps being removed,
he was carried to the autopsy room and the post mortem per
formed immediately
‘All organs seemed to have been in a state of perfect health, and
no changes were noticeable in any of them except the bratn,which
‘was somewhat congested and the lungs, which showed hemor-
mhages, ‘The hemorthagesmnay have been duc to the strain put 08
the lungs by the horrible contraction of all muscles, due to the
cleoiticity oF poseibiy because the action of the body straightening
out against the straps over the chest acted like a severe blow,
which may cause hemorrhage.
Jail Inspections.
ALBANY COUNTY,
Inapeoted by corresponding secretasy, accompanied by Anthony
E, Abel, on January 27th, in the latter part of the afternoon,
‘The jail is absolutely bed in construction and entirely inadequate
‘to the needs of the connty
‘The interior of the main building
is 80x89 feet; there are three tiers of cells, each cell Tx57.5 fect.
‘The walls separating cells from main coreidor are 18 inches thick
and presumably 12 oF 14 inches between each coll, ‘This takes
wa
ge part of the breathing space, The ventilators are
holes about 7 inches square opening into an unheated fine to the
root; a8 more cold air comes down than foul air goes up, these
so-called-ventilating shafts are mostly stuifed with paper. Two
men sleep in each cell. ‘The cells are furnished with canvas cote
‘attached to the wall at each end, one above another. Shelves in
the cells contained nondescript articles, dishes, tinware, ete, be-
longing to the prisoners, ‘Tin buckets for night use—not alto-
gether clean—in the corner of each cell. ‘The bedding consisted
of grey blankets the beds not made and untidy. ‘The meale are
served in the corridor and many of the prisoners eat in their celle,
‘Tho place Is heated by two stoves, one on each side of the block:
of cells—it was very hot and very close. ‘The men were cooking
various meskes in tin cans on the coals, presumably scraps saved
from meals or sent in by friends.
‘The census of the jail was 56 men, 4 women and 6 boys.
134 Aysvan Revoxr or TE
‘They are committed for short terms, many awaiting trial, ‘The
commitments were 120 for the month of December, some, how-
afew hours, ‘The average dally population
ever, remaining br
tor the your is forty-six
‘if Albany county had not enough prisoners of its own, it has
ten United States prisoners jn the jail, Having vot more than
actual accommodations for its minimum number of prisoners, it
‘must also have 20 per cent, of {ts population from the Cnited
four mouths
States government, ‘These men were sentenced f
by the January court
‘The separation of young and old offenders is not maintained,
Im an upper room 20515, containing seven cots, six boys were
found toe!
4 up with bwo prisoners, each of them 22 years of age
‘and oue of 27 years, ‘Two of these meu were there on a charge
of bastardy; the third, an effeminate specimen in velveteen coat,
for stealing a diamond ring, and thiee of the boys were there for
stealing pop-core from a stoeet stand, ‘The bathing facilities
consist of a bathtub in an exposed part of the jail with fo sereen
bout it, the water closets direeily beside it and all in full view of
ja
all the prisoners. 7 5 reasonably clean considering
{ts own crowded condition aud the elass of men gatbered there.
‘There are few female prisoners and they ave separated from the
rest, ‘The meals are provided on the public account systems the
he keeper has been there several
sheriff fs a swlavied oficer.
Jears and in many respects an eficient officer. It is creditable
to the shorif, Aix. Chavles Schitlerdecker, that wich abominable
construction, bad ventilation and overerowding, there is little of
the plo
‘the distinctive jail odor and tha e je no divtier than it
is. ‘The building is inadequate to the needs of the county and a
discredit in every way, It is a typieal jail of three generations
78.
a7
7/
Paisox Associaton ov Naw Youm. 15
past. It is not a building susceptible of improvement and should
be pulled down to the very ground and a new building erected
‘that should be in harmony with the other noble publle buildings
of Albany county. Religious services are held on Sunday at
eleven, but the keeper could give no account of them except that
they were kept by “Christian folks” and that “some of the
prisoners Iiked them and some of them didn’t.”
ALBANY COUNTY.
Penitentiary, Visited on January 28th by corresponding eee-
vetary and A. B, Abel; taken through the prison by Chester F
Dearstyne, the warden, who evidently takes a just pride m his
work and has introdaced several improvements, notably, lamps
in the cells for the prisoners to read by for three hours in the
evening. ‘The whole place scrupulously clean, no prison odor
whatever, ‘The census was 781 men, 83 women, Of this num
ber 260 are United States prisoners, There are 17 He prisoners
‘and 200 negroes,
‘The Inbox in the prison is principally Iaundeying, brushanaking,
supplies for the institntfon itself and some few orders for outside
supplies. ‘There is no prison school. ‘The punishments are the
dark-cell and “ hanging up,” both of which aze used infrequently,
the prinefpal punishments being deprivation of privileges,
Visited the shops and found as earnest, healthy, interested set
of workers as could be found anywhere. ‘There was none of the
pasty complexion so often found in prisons. ‘The alfaire of the
institution ure managed by a commission composed of the dis:
trict attorney, the county clerk and a third member appointed by
‘the president of the board of supervisors, who happens to be at
136 Asstan Revorr of va
present the county treasurer, ‘The warden strenuously objects
to the change proposed in the Statutory Revision bill, which
throws the appointment of comaaissioners back into the board of
supervisors.
BROOME COUNTY,
Jail at Binghamion, Our co-operative committee reports by
its secretary. ‘This fs a new jail, constructed on modern
ideas and is satisfactory in every way. ‘The number of prisoners
on October 1, 1897, was 24, of which two were boys, Average
number per day during the year was about 30, The county
pays $2.94 per week for board, ‘here is no labor in this jail
“Adequate separation of young and old offenders and of mate and
female prisoners. Religious services are conducted by Mr. 7. P.
Gates ond are well liked by the psisoners, ‘The average length
‘of sentence is 30 days.
Dr. Orton, chairman and myself, secretary of the committee,
do not favor the proposed change as to term of service im the
Flmira Reformatory, refering to the act now pending in the Legis
lature.
CHEMUNG COUNTY.
Jail at Ehmira. Inspected by co-operative committee, ‘The
general condition of this jail is good, Number of prisoners on
October 1, 1897, was 26, The average number per week during,
the year 140. ‘The county pays $8 per week for board of prison
Puisox Assootmion or New Youx. 437
ers. ‘There is no labor in this Jail. Adequate separation of
young and old offenders and of male and female prisoners, No
religious services of any kind. The average length of sentence
is 10 days,
CORTLAND COUNTY.
Jail at Cortland. Inspected by co-operative committee.
This jall Is in very good condition. The average num.
ber of prisoners throughout the year is only ten, The
cost to the county for board of prisoners is $280 per week,
‘There is no labor. Entire separation of young and old offenders
and of male and female prisoners. Religious services are con-
ducted by the Salvation Army. The average length of sentence
4s about ten days.
DELAWARE COUNTY,
Jail at Delhi. Inspected by co-operative committee. This
Jail is in’ good condition, ‘The number of prisoners on
October 1, 1807, was 12. The average number belng 8,
‘The county pays $8.50 per week for board of prisoners. There
is no labor in this jail. ‘here is adequate separation of young
and old offenders. ‘The question as to proper separation of male
and female prisoners was not answered. Religious services are
‘condueted in the jail by a philanthropic woman, who is very i
terested in her work; the services are well liked by the prisoners.
ERIE COUNTY.
Jall at Buffalo, Inspected by co-operative committee, ‘This
jail Is in falr condition, ‘The number of prisoners on Oo-
138 Axwoar Reporr on 7p
tober 1, 1807, was 60; 59 males and 1 female, There
is no Jabor, Separation of young and old offenders and
of male and female prisoners is all right, Religious services are
condneted hy the various Protestant and Catholic cburehies and
by the Women's Christian Association; they are aot vers satis:
factory. ‘This jail is ouly for those awaiting trial, ete. Sem
tenced persons are sent to the county penitentiary,
FULTON COUNTY.
Jail at Johnstown. Repost by co-operative committee.
Thi jail is in good condition, Tut two prisoners on
October 1, 1807, The avenge number for the year is
only four, ‘The county pay $8.50 for board of prisoners por
week, ‘There is no labor, Not entirely adequate separation of
young and old offenders, Religious services are conducted by
the ¥. M,C, A, and are well liked by the prisoners, The average
length of sentence is 10 days,
GENESER COUNTY.
Jail at Batavis. Report hy co-operative committee, Thié
jail Is in very poor condition. There should be a new
fone built that would he entively gdequate to the needs
of the county and one that is entirely sanitary
construction, ‘The average number of prisoners throughout the
year is 13, ‘The county pays $215 for board. No separation
of young and old offenders, ‘There is no labor, The jail is not
‘a safe one; there have bec two escapes during the past year
Puisox Assootamion ov Naw Yous. 139
Religions services are conducted by two self-sacrificing women
and are well liked by the prisoners. The average length of sen:
tence is 30 days,
JEFFERSON COUNTY.
Jail at Watertown. Report by co-operative committee
‘This jail is one of the best in the State, The num
ber of prisoners on October 1, 1807, was 12, of which
three were boys. The average number per week thoughout the
year is 15, ‘The county pays 88 per week for board, ‘There ie
xno labor. There is complete separation of young and old offend.
ers, Religious services are conducted in the jail on Sundays by
the ¥. M,C. A. and are well liked by the inmates. Average
length of sentence is 20 days.
LEWIS COUNTY.
Jail at Lowville. Report by co-operative committee. ‘The
Jal is tw fair condition as regards cleantiness and care
of the sheriff, The nomber of prisoners on October 1,
1807, was T. The average number every week about 5.
‘The county pays $4 per week for board of inmates, ‘There is
no labor in this jail. There is no separation of young and old
offenders and not adequate separation of male and female prison-
ers, ‘The women are in the same room with the men, bat are
kept in separate covvidors. ‘The supervisors intend to build a
‘third slory for females. The jail is uot very safe as there have
been two escapes during the past year. Occasional religious
services are conducted by the Y. M,C, A. and the village pastors;
‘they are not liked as a rule, the prisoners ridiculing the workers
a8 soon as they are gone. ‘The average Iength of sentence is
20 days.
Axsuan Rerowe ov 70
LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
Report by co-operative committee. The jail in thle county is
in good condition. Number of prisoners on October 1, 1897,
was 15, . The average mumber for the year, 12. ‘The county
pays $420 for board of prisoners, which Is the highest
in the State, aud should be reduced. No labor is ear
ried on in the jail, No separation of young and old offenders,
Religious servieos are conducted by the Methodist chureb, and
are liked by the prisoners, ‘The average length of sentence to
the jail is 20 days.
MONROE COUNTY.
Jail at Rochester. Report by cooperative committee,
This is in good condition, ‘The uumber of prisoners on
October 1, 1897, was G0, of whieh two were boys. The
county pays $2.75 per week for boatd of prisoners. ‘There
is no labor in this jail. ‘There Ie adequate separation of young
and old offenders and of male and female prisoners. Religions
services are conducted I the jail and ave well Liked by the in
‘mates, ‘This jail is only used as a place of deiention; convicted
prisoners are sent to the penitentiary
MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Jail at Fonda, Report by co-operative committee, This jail
is in fair condition. ‘The number of prisoners on Oetober 1, 1897,
was 50, The average usmber throngh the year was about
‘The county pays $3.01 per week for board. This iz one of the
counties that believes in working its prisoners and they have
established a, stone beeaking yard with good results. ‘The sepa
ration of young and old offenders i not complete. No religions
services Iu this jail, ‘The average length of sentence is 30 days.
Prisow Assooaniox or Naw! Yor.
ONEIDA COUNTY.
Jail at Utica. Report by cooperative committee, This
fs one of the lange jaila in the State, There were 770
prisoners on October 1, 1897, of which 82 were boy:
‘The county pays 2.4% for board per week, No labor in
this jail. Separation of young and old offenders and of male and
female prisoners ia complete. eligious services are conducted
by the W. C.'T. U. and are well liked by the prisoners on account
of the interest taken in them by the person conducting them.
‘The average length of sentence is 80 days.
ONONDAGA COUNTY.
Jail at Syracuse. Report by cooperative committee.
This jail is one of the worst in the State; with its
fanliy construction and ite unsanitary condition it should
be razed to the ground and a new building with all the
modern improvements put in its place. Number of prisoners
on October 1, 1897, was 42. ‘The average number for the year is
about 20, ‘There is no labor in this jail. Religious services are
conducted in the jail by the Rev. J. B. Foote, D, D., and are liked
by the prisoners, ‘This i another of the jails where no prisoners
tare contenced, but is only used for those awaiting trial and held
on civil proc
ORLEANS COUNTY,
Jail at Albion. Report by co-operative committee. Mhis jail
is in fair condition. ‘The number of prisoners on October 1, 1897,
was 5. The county pays for board of prisoners per week, $3.
‘here is no labor in this jail. No adequate separation of young
a2 Axsvat Rerowr or 20
and old offenders, Religious services conducted in the jail by
the W. C.'. U. are liked by the prisoners. ‘The average length
of sentence is 60 days.
OSWEGO COUNTY.
Jail at Oswego. Report by cooperative committer. ‘This
Jail is im good condition, ‘There were 58. prisoners on
October J, 189%, of which tues were boys. ‘The average
number throughout the year is 80, ) There is no Ishor in
this jail. Separation of young and old offenders is inadequate.
‘The jail is not very vate us there has been one eseape during the
year. Religious serviecs ave conducted by the Rev, Me. Mead
and the Rev. Mr, Clark; some of the prisoners like them and some
don't. ‘The average length of sentence is about sixty di
OTSEGO COUNTY,
Jail at Cooperstown. Report by co-operative committee. The
general condition of this jail is good. ‘There have been no es
‘capes during the year. Only $ prisouers ou October 1, 1897. ‘The
county pays $3 per week for board of prisoners. There is no
labor in his jail. No religious services, The average length
of semtenee is about thinty days,
81, LAWRENCE COUNTY,
Jall at Canton. Report by co-operative committee,
jail is in fairly good condition; improvements and re
pairs are to be made the coming summer and it is to
be hoped that there will be no bettor jail in the State, Num.
Phisos Asgocrarton of New Yous. 143
ber of prisoners on October 1, 1897, was 27. ‘The cost to the
county for board of prisoner is $3 per week. ‘The average num
er per week for the year about thicty: ‘There is no systematic,
labor in the jall; the prisoners are worked on the roads if the
weather fs favorable, There is no adequate separation of young,
and old offenders, One prisoner escaped during the year while
working ou the roads. Religious services are conducted in the
ail by the various churches and are well liked by the prisoners.
STRUBEN COUNTY.
Jail at Bath, Report by co-operative committee, ‘The
number of prisoners in this jail on October 1, 1897,
was 37, of which 6 were boys, ‘The average auiber per
week for the year was 12. ‘The county pays 2.15 per week for
board. ‘They break stone in this jail and by this meaus seem to
keep down the tramp population of the jall. Religious services
are conducted by the ¥. P. ©. B, and are liked by the prisoners.
‘The average length of sentence is 60 days.
WYOMING COUNTY.
Jail at Warsaw, Report by cooperative committee. This
Jail is one of the worst In the State and is in a very
Ailapidated condition. ‘The county ought to be ashamed
of it and build a new one. ‘The number of prisoners on
October 1, 1807, was six, of which two were boys. ‘The county
pays only $1 8 week for board of prisoners; abont as much as
a mechanic pays at a boarding house, out of which his landlady
pays for food, gas and fuel, which in the case of the sheriffs of
the various counties is furnished free. ‘There is no labor iu the
Jail, The separation of young and old is inadequate. Occasional
ada Aysuan Reposr ov va
religious services are conducted by the Methodist church. ‘The
average length of sentence ie 59 days.
‘The following is a clipping from a county newspaper, published
at Warsaw, N.Y.
THAT POOR OLD gat,
Every little while that dilapidated old ramsbackle building on
Court street, known a¥ the Wyoming County Jall, receives a
little attention from the grand jury and Its excellent appoint:
ments commented upon. ‘The Iast grand jury ooked into it. ‘The
twenty-two men, tried and true, drawn trom the selected lists
named by the supervisors, went through and peeked into all the
corners and nosed aronnd, and this is what they reported:
‘The grand jury have visited and inspected the county jail and
the sheriffs apartments attached and find that said buildings are
kept in as good condition for the iumates as is possible with the
means at command. We find the buildings off and clearly out
of date for modern rejuivements, being rotten, unwholesome and
wnt for human habitation, We thiok i¢ unwise as a duancial
measure to recommend any general syste of repairs and believe
‘that the best Interests of the county would be conserved by the
erection of entively new jail buildings and this grand jury con
denn the present and former boards of supervisors for having
taken no adequate action for the erection of new jail buildings.
‘Thomas R. Buell of Perry, Fayette Richirdson of Java, J. N
Witherel of Arcade, J.C. Gardner of Attica, TT. ©. Tathrop
of Pike and William H. Clark of Covington are chosen
to present the foregoing report and to urge upon the board the
pecessity of its taking immediate action for the building of a
new jail and apartments for the sherit
WILLIAM H. CLARK,
Foreman,
Pnisox Assootanion op Now York. 145
Bvidently the grand jurors had no respect for age, despite the
fact that there were some gray hairs among them. Don’t they
know that the jail is one of the ancient landmarks of the county?
Iaw't it entitled to veneration om account of Its age? Te was
Dullt so long ago that alf record has been lost, and therejare 20
public documents to attest its eost, Tt is ancient, if not honor
able. Of conrse {t is not Sit to keep prisoners in, to say nothing
of being St for the residence of this sheriff, but what does the
county want of a place for prisoners anyway? Wouldn't it be
48 good deal better not to have any? Tt eosts the county some
thing to board them, even in the present jail. Certainly it would
cont no less if they were incarcerated In a building fit for human
habitation. Of course it is not of any interest to Warsaw for it
is very rare that any Warsaw prisoners are confined within it.
It don't matter divectly to Warsaw people whether the health of
the prisoners is injured by their anfit quarters or not, for practi
cally all the prisouers come from other towns. Of course War.
saw people are lumane in their sentiments and deplore such a
condition of affairs, but If any move is to be made to remedy ex:
isting evils they prefer it should emanate from outside,
10
Police Matrons.
it has been our good fortune, for the last two yours, to Bare
: rm committer of the
tho co-operation of the woman's prison reform
New York monthly meeting of Friends, in the matter of inspect
for theie report this year to incorpo
me letter from the
rate with ours, we bare received the following
‘cuaivman, Mrs, Anna XL Jackson, with which we most funy
es ‘Naw York, Merch 26, 1898.
Mr, Wiliam ALP, Teun
hy Dear Sir—Noue note fs Just reelved,
and T reply at once,
us requested.
7 nk, in the last
‘ne position of our committee is made plain, I think im th
report which you printed for us.
Wiest, We do not thiak move police matrons necessary
second, We believe women, when first arrested, should be
taven to a station house whore there is a matron; aad not, a¢
to which the wan arresting her, betougs,
inany of the abuses com
now, to the station house
he present custom makes possible
plained of when there were no matrons, Tt requires only some
changes of police regulations to he practicable to change at ones.
‘ruly yours,
(Signed) ANNA M. JACKSON.
Relief.
DETENTIONS AND DISCHARGED CONVICTS.
"The relie? work of the Prison Association has been carried on
for fitty-theee years, and while it fs discouraging in its results at
times It has a bright and encouraging side thnt more than com-
pensates for (he efforts mude, The association has been the
means of saving hundreds of men from lives of cxlme, of making
many onteasts self-sustaining, of liberating many innocent per-
sons from prison, of reclaiming many a youthful first offender
guint the Jaw, and has had the satisfaction of providing neces:
sary food and clothing to many innocent families of prisoners,
for, after all, the real sufferers for crime are the blameless
mothers, wives and children of criminals. ‘The eriminal is com-
fortably housed and fed, his work, under the peesent system, is
not hard, and unless he is sensitive, he has nothing on his mind.
His womeukind must bear as best they can the scorn of neil
bors and the bitter burden of poverty and disgrace, Their strug.
gles are pitiful but are usually borne in silence and without com-
plaint, because they shrink from letting the world know the cause
of their troubles. ‘The relief work of the association is, in many
respects, absolutely different from that of any other ebaritable
Axwuar Reronr or TH
organivation, Conditions mnst be met and obstacles overcome
that to any but experienced workers among prisons and prisoners
srould be well nigh iinpossible, The prejudice that exists in the
public mind against the class of people with whom the sesocts
tion has ¢o labor makes the work dificult at all times, and it
ray be said with certainty that such 2 work will never become
a very popular one. Still the work hat been earried forward,
trom year to year, and gradually @ portion of the commnnity 1s
beginning to understand; it, thet the Prison Association is not
prosecuting a sentimental work among incarcerated prisoners
rneonraging them in the belief that they are deeply wronged by
society and aiding them by providing free couneel to escape thelr
just deserts, ete but that alt enses are subjected to most rigid
investigation, touching character aud habits of the prisoner and
that reports made to the courts are in accordance with the facts
“isclosed by such inquiries rather than by the statements of pris-
‘ners themselves, Discharged prisoners are mde to understand
that the ossociation does not exist for the purpose of giving them
free board and lodging or, im other words, paying them to be
honest, but that ali the energies of its relfef department are
divected toward enabling the discharged prisoner to lose bis iden
‘ity as auch and become merged into society. The association's
charter says in section 1, article ITT, that one of its objects shall
be, “ the support and encouragement of reformed conviets after
their discharge, by affording them de means of obtaining an
honest livelihood, and sustaining them in their efforts at reform
Experience has taught us that to help men to help themselves
is the only way to do effective work among discharged prisoners
‘he Jabor test for all applicants, which has been fully described
im the association’s reports during the past few years, is stil
Paison Assocrartox oF New Yore. 149
retained, and its results age very satisfactory. It enables the
agent In charge to learn, beyond a doubt, whether the applicant
Js a hardened ex-conrict who would use the association's bounty
to maintsin himself untél an opportunity for a new crime presents
itself, or « poultont Gest offender who fully ealizes his situation
and Js willing to do anything that will enable him to leave for-
fever behind, all that suggests the mistake that has been made.
Que of the most important adjuncts of the association's work 1s,
its clothes closet. It puts new life and vigor into a poor fellow
to be warmly and comfortably clad in clean clothing, he ean
approach employers of labor with confidence that his appearance
tends to held him,
Shameful to relate some penal institutions permit men to be
discharged in the depth of winter, wearing straw hats that they
wore when entering in sommer and frequently with no outer
covering for the apper parts of their bodies, than waistcoats. It
fs common to permit them to wear their own shoes in the service
of the county and turn them loose with footwear worn to almost
nothing,
1e association gladly helps such men and thelr expressions of
gratitade are touching.
Attempts to impose upon this part of the work by unworthy
applicants are numerous but experience has taught the agent
how to defeat them,
‘Tools ave furnished to mechanics who have secured work, but
none axe supplied to thove in seareh of situations, for obvious
reasons. During the year 27 men have beon supplied in this
way.
‘Transportation to home, friends or employment is provided,
but in uo instances are discharged prisoners sent to commu:
150 Ansan Repors op a
where they have no claim to residence or citizenship or to search
for employment. As Las heen said so many times In published
reports the Prison Association exists as a factor in aiding wen
to help themselves and who find themselves handicapped in the
struggle of life by previous prison experiences and who earnestly
desire to lead better lives. ‘To auch it always lends a helping
band,
A few eases illustrative of the work are appended:
A was referred to the association by a Bap.
tist minister to whom be applied for help after Laving served a
short sentence in a New Jersey prison, He asked (0 be sent to
acity in Penusylvania, where he could g after an inquiry
he was sent vie Pennsylvania allroad, He promised to let us
know how he succeeded and a letter was received from bi which
aa Mareh 14th,
41 arrived here sufe on Satarday and was fortunate enough
to find employment on the following Tuesday. Times are very
doll here and consequently wages ave low, but still Tam getting
{$10 per week, aud am promised e ratee as soon as business
up u fittle, Iam still continuing to trust in the Lord and He
does give me strength to overcome temptation and I intend by
His help to live an honest, upright christian tite to the end of my
days. Tagain thank you for all your kindness to me and hope
and pray God's blessing to rest upon the work your society is
doing,
I remain yours traly,
KT wag sent to the association in October by
Com, Brutis of Brooklyn, and was given temporary work about
the building. Te dectined for a long time to say anything of his
Prisow Associaton of New Yous, 151
past life, His prison record showed that he had served a year
in the Kings County Penitentiary for assault. After some time
he said that he bad beon for years the represonative in Chieago
of a New York and Paris banking house at a salary of $4,000 2
ear, that he had lost his place through drink and had finally
asscalted a man while under the influence of Higuor, and re-
fosing to say anything of bis past, had been sent to the pent
tentiary. It did not take Iong to see that he was a deserving
‘man and he was told that efforts would be made to get him some
work, Surprising to say he refused any aid in this direction,
He said he preferred to help himself in some way eather than be
known to anyone as a beneticiary of this astociation and there:
fore as an ex-convict he was given the best outit of clothing at
our command, including a good overcoat, temporarily employed
in the office for a few weeks, and in a short time sald that he had
secured a place as an overseer over some might watchman at a
salary of $16 por week om a railroad. ‘The work would last three
‘months at least and with what he could save out of that he
could proceed to San Francisco where he would meet some of
his old friends on am equal footing and soon regain his lost
position.
1 A. Ia newspaper man who had been com
‘Vieted of forgery came here for relief and was given temporary
‘work while in search of something permanent. He found it im
possible to get work in New York on account of having been in
prison, and on his giving satiatactory evidence that he had a
claim to residence there, he was sent via B. & O.R. R. to a west:
ern city.
He sent the following letter soon after reaching home:
AwsvaL Revonr or nae
“Dear Sit—I reached here safely after an uneventful trip,
but a pleasant one, withal, I was warmly weleomed by my
sister and her husband and am comfortably domiciled in a plea-
sant home and surrounded once more with home comforts.
Tam very grateful to you and the assosiation you represent
for the kindness that made it possible for me to leave New York
and rejoin my friends and relatives. i also wish to thank you
for the kind trentment 1 yeecived aneing the time T was under
the eave of the assoviatlon and for qe gifts of cloth
enabled me to present myself betove my friends neatly
fortably dressed, I was in gore straits when I applied to you,
fand almost desperate, and to your kindness and consideration 1
‘owe my present vastly improved condition, T hope at some
foture time to be able to repay you,
“With a grateful heart and best wishes for your personal wel-
fare and that of the Prison Association, I remain,
Yours most truly,
u- G@—— a licensed dong clerk eame to the office
after having served a short time in prison for petit Inrceny com-
mitted while under the influence of intoxicants,
He said he was starving, balf-frozen and wngry and had
stayed away from the association as long as he possibly could
ecanse he did ot like to be with men who had been in prison,
bat now he was desperate and mast be relieved. He was given
an outtit of clean clothing aud iu a few days secured work at bis
He was deeply grateful for the help he recelved and
called a number of times to tell how well he was getting along,
Dut his satisfaction did not lust long, for a few days later a man
who knew of his trouble asked his employer if he knew he had
Puusox Assootati0x or New You. 158
“prison bird” in bi store? When taxed-With this by bla
employer he‘udmitted the uth and sought to explain but the
au would not Viste and tuened him away.
1 despair he sought the association once more, was welcomed
‘and assared that we would agaia help him, Kor some weeks al!
efforts were fruitless but dually place in the couatry was
secured and he was started again. .
The poliey of the aawoclation in a. case lke the above is to
“see it through ” aud any man who loses his situation through
the fact of his being an ex-prisoner ean always be sure of help at
its office
Detentions.
‘The city prison, populariy known as “ ‘The Tombs,” has been re-
moved and a new tet-story prison is in process of construction
on the site. For over half a century the vatious agents of the
association have been going ia and out of the old Egyptian build:
Ing on missious of mexey and justice, extending a helping baud
when possible to the urfortunates in the grim old prison and
always doing litile deeds of kindness on all sides even among the
most depraved, for it must be borne iu mind that the eity prison
fs the great cess-poo! of cxlme iat which all the station houses
and distriet prisons of the city turn the cximinals and vagabonds
who have been held for trial In the Magistrates courts
‘the various portions of the prison known as the old,” “ new,”
tone wbo are dctering of and weed the help of the assoctation
in some direction. “Many find themteires in peeon becaute of
ignorance ofthe lays or ordinance of the State or ety. To them
the agent gives ki frst attention, a4 shown io the following
instance:
Dp was brougbt into the ol pron while the
agent was sanding near the dele where the “pedigrees” oF
records of prinouers are taken, Tt wis notleed that the pxsaner,
a Turin Jes, was in great strom of tind over something and
a nomber of polleemen vere having great sport Joatling him
hoot aad takog sport of hs misers. He was unable to wpeak
Toylsh bot was neaey font with excitement. The agent took
Annus Revonr oy 1x Pausox Assoottion or New Your. 155
‘an Immediate interest in the proceedings, stopping the fon mak.
ing over a fellow creature's suffering and soon leared the story.
‘The prisoner had been ned five dollars for selling candy on the
street without a license, He had four dollars and a silver watch
sand was trying to get someone to lend him a dollar on the watch
that he might pay his fine and get out to save his little stock of
candies—his all—as the officer had dragged him to court without
ving him time to cover them. Tis deficleney was made good
immediately, the agent went into court, paid the fine and had the
satisfaction of secing a man who was really grateful for what
‘was done for bim, His arvest was witnessed by the janitor of @
building near where the little stock of candies were kept, and real-
fring that they would be stolen if lett exposed, he covered them
carefully and saved the stock in teade of the poor man.
First offenders are as far as postible saved from the prison
stigma by bringing about suspension of sentence, discharge on
recognizance or committal to an institution of @ xeformatory
character.
J A, a poor little fellow 18 years of age, waa
found in the boys’ prison charged with larceny, He was very
penitent, but on investigation it was found that he bad been
guilty of many petty eximes and needed correction. On the
agents recommendation be was sentenced to the State Reforme-
‘tory at Elmira
Occasionally it seems desirable to bring about suspension of
sentence, 8 shown by the following instance: A——— B_—,
a bos, was employed in the editorial rooms of a eity newspaper as
messenger. He was sent after a sum of money by one of the
ceaitors and footishly showed it to some other boys who per
ssuaded him that then was his golden opportanity to secure wealth
186, Aman Reronr of tas
by keeping the money and using it to go to the Klondike, He
started for the gold flelds but his money did not Tast tH ne got
ont of New York State and he soon found himself in the Tombs.”
Inquiry as (o his character and habits wes made and the result
‘was s0 satisfactory that I¢ was deemed wise to recommend ex
treme leniency. A suspension of sontonce was made by the cvurt
land the hoy was diacharged. He found n friend in a-lady of this
city who will send) him west. These sas nothing eviminal or
Floious about the boy, be vas simply easily indueneed and it is
At becomes mny very pleasant duty to thankfully acknowledge
will power
Tt becomes my very pleasant duty fo thankfully acknowlotge
many favors extended to the association in the prosecution of its
labors in courts and prisons by the judges of the courts of General
‘and Special Sessions, the oficials In the oflce of the district at-
torney, in the city prison and district prisons
The w ‘trying to do is appreciated by these gentle-
‘men and they reatize that to help the Prison Association is to
make their own work less burdensome.
Respectfully submitted,
D, E. KIMBALL,
Agent,
Duscuanoxo 'Pautonsne Retry Sratserion.
Paisox Assocraniox or New Yons.
anoy | ERBSRABBRRES
Catalogue of New Books and Magazine Articles
Added to the Library of the Prison
Association of New York.
Arcambal, Mrs, Agnes d’. Love's Labor: The noble life work of
Armstrong, Rev, Lebbeus. The Signs of the Times, comprised
in ten lectures, destgved to show the origin, tendency and allie
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‘punishment.
“Assoclation of the Bar, New York, Catalogue of the Library of
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Batt, Chaplain, Can the grade of our chaplain’s service be
raised? and if s0, bow?
Ronner, Hypatia Bradlangh. ‘The Gallows and the Lash.
Boston Children's Aid Society. Thirty-second Avnual Report of
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Brockway, ZR. Prison Labor Competition.
Browne, H. Haslett. Commen Sense and Grime.
Browning, Colin Arrott, ‘The Conslet Ship; A narrative of the
results of scriptural insteuction and moral discipline on board
the « Burl Grey.”
Burge, Mrs, Lena. Life in Our Midst.
Burgh, J. Political Disquisitions, or am Inquiry into Public
Rxross, Defects and Abuses.
California State Prison, Report of the Special Commission of
Inquiry, 1881
Canada, Province of Quebes. Eleventh Report of the Inspector
of Prisons, Asylums, Ete, for 1880.
Axwoat Resort oF rz Paisox Assocration ov Naw Your. 150
Chandler, Joseph R. Report made to the Philadelphia Society
‘for alleviating the miseries of the public prisons, on the pro-
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Charcot, Dr. J. M. Hypuotisim and Crime,
Charity Organization Society of the city of New York. Four:
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Citizens? Union, Public Baths and Lavatories,
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‘Third Annual Report for 1880.
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Corbet, W.d. ‘he Increase of Insanity.
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160 AxwoaL Herons oF TA
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of the
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