Legislative Document (1927)
STATE OF NEW YORK
THE EIGHTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
or THE
Prison Association of New York
135 East 15th Street, New York
1926
PREFACE
‘This is an official report of the Prison Astoviation of New York
to the Legislature of the State of New York, which has been made
annually since 1845, and constitutes the eighty-seoond of the series.
Paragraph 6 of Article XI of the Act incorporating the Prison
Assoeiation of New York provides that ‘‘the said executive com-
mitteo”” (of the Prison Association), “by such committees as they
shall from time to time appoint, shall have power, and it shall be
their day to visit inspect and examine all the prisons of the State
snd annually report to the Legislature their state and condition
and all suah other things in regard to them as may enable the
Legislature to perfect their government and discipline”
‘he State law further provides for the printing of 500 additional
copies of this annual report at the expense of the State, Additional
copies are purchased from the State printers, at the expense of the
Association, for distribution to its contributors and many others, not
only in New York State but in other States and in foreign
eountrtes.
st
THE PURPOSES
‘ or
F NEW YORK
| THE PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YO! Ah mae’ REhazk TON:
| n a ; WEA ||) \ OF HIS FOLLY
1. The protection of society against rime. a
|
|
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2. The prevention of erime, and especially of juvenile
‘ielinguen
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8. Protection for those unjustly scouted. |
4 Parole and probation, when stable |
5. Improveiment in prisons and prison discipline.
6. Himplayment and eter ststce for released di |
hharged prvoners
1 Necessary aid for prisoners’ families.
8, Supervision for those on probation and parole.
10. Publicity in prison reform.
LL. Research and advice.
The Prison Assoctation Is giving a helping hand to many such young men,
thereby Protecting Society
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ones
Eat Pn i de oe
ieee
tee Rt Edie st Ga
ESA eel Sa cao
eee Co Satin
Central Tdentiention urea
Statstion! Data on Police in’ cities of the tinitad States and! foreign cities,
CGooperation Unitel States Gunsu Bure: a
ESBESHESEEES ECC ee S
city Departmen of Goeraction
Progeate relating to Structural Requlsemente, New Work City Department
‘of Correction
‘tombs’ Prizes
Grand Jury Praienicoent
Boresn of Adeiew and Information
aur Aetiyiios
Employment, Bureau Ststiatics
Bills approved by Taw Committoe Prison Assoctation.
flatly east Comat on Coordination of iil at Cra
Bille opposed Ta Coiisee Brisa Asooefation
Tolatalon im 1026 with Reepect cp the Peveytion of Grime
Effet of Endeterinata Sefer tare age Parte Kale
mctment of Corretion of Grantee New Vor
‘Treatment tor Drug aude
Recommendations felating to the New York’ City’ Bepartment of’ Gor
le Go i lad Gta Pens fa sty sa Gvnty nations
Forest for Feral Stutst
Soggerted.Classiestion
Contication
By-l
‘Treaeurers ieport
Contributors =
THE PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK
PRESIDENT s
Buczxe Sur -Droavun M, Sawyer ©. C, Auemmnotoss
CORRESPONDING AND GENERAL SECRETARY
E.R, Case
VICEPRESIDENTS
Rone? W. pp Pounst Gxonae W. Knecuwer
‘Wauren B: Janos, M.D, Monaay J. O'Bems
Gvonce W. Wicwensstaxe
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE,
Geonor W. Wicxensnaxt, Honorary Chairman
Cuass or 1927 Coase oF 1929
Caawuns M. Baupwis 4. Pennine Coors
Feurox Corrina Aurxayone M. Tanpu
Warms H. Grarwicx Peepeeio P, Moons,
Henry 6. Grav MMxe, H, Honawe Porras
Henry B, Geecory ‘Wusoy M. Powsus,
Cuanne H, Sans Dean Sack
Cuass or 1928 Cuass om 1980
B. Oapew Crstsorae
Mas. duos F, Cums
Joseen B, Davis Epwiy 0. Houree
Mrs. Ronerr F, Herrick RicHarn M. Heap
Gronoe Prare IxauRsout Frank D. Paver
Mans, Mansa, Prox Monrnuse Th, Somme
STANDING COMMITTEES FOR 1926
COMMITTEE ON LAW
Sacer, Curmna, Gray, Pavey, Powstx, Iverson
‘COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Avonmetoss, Sapni, Saas, Sere
COMMITTEE ON DETENTIONS
Havoen, Mes. Corns, Buuatewrian, Gregory, Horo, §
COMMITTEE ON NOMINATIONS
Cason, Mus. Couns, Aucaictoss, BLUMENT!
Powstt, Saaz
COMMITTEE ON PROBATION AND PAROLE
Powsin, Mrs. Powree, Barnows, Catsonm, Davis, Heo,
Samm, Sace
COMMITTEE ON PRISON ADMINISTRATION
Kincnwey, Mrs. Conris, Mas. Einriox, Mes. Pont,
Hon, Janzs, Paver, Pownun, Sax, Scrare
18)
EIGHTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PRISON
ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK.
Hox. Bown Comsnsa,
Lieutonant-Governor of Now York:
‘Sim—In accordance with chapter 163 of the Laws of 1846, we
have the honor to present the Highty-secona Annual Report of the
Prison Association of New York, and to request that you will lay
the same before the Legislature.
Respoetfully,
THE PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK,
By Eucexz Sams, President.
E.R. Cass, General Secretary.
tor
INTRODUCTION
Cme iso more complex phenomenon than is generally supposed
No other social problem makes eo pressing a demand f
sition as do those ‘which ste connected with the treatment of
From whatever standpoint it is considered the erime ques:
{lon is seen to transcend in importance most of the other gre
fauestions of the day. is east, although impossible to accurately
to public order, and to the person and property of
Citizens, it holds the foremost place, It'is constant source of
Negradation of publi and private morality, Whether he is in
the prison or out of it the criminal holds so important a place in
the community that he eannot safely be ignored. by it
If'the questions which relate to the eriminal, before, during, and
after imprisonment, are to be answered intelligently, there must
be a better understanding of the causes of erime, of the means of
prevention, of the most effective method of dealing with prisoners
and with those who are discharged from prison. ‘The questions
ust be considered in their many aspects, ag ethical, economical,
veial, moral and religious probiems, and they deserve the best
thought of the age and the most, thorough activities,
If the gubjeot is to roceive due attention; if the children and
youth are to be prevented from becoming eriminals; if those
‘who reach the prison in spite of preventive work are to be improved
to better living: if the permanently incorrigible are to be perman-
ently imprisoned, and sf the dischanged prisoner is to have a fair
chanee to recover his place in the world, it will be beeause of an
improved public sentiment which will embrace a dosire to treat
the crime problem seriously, intelligently, and dispassionately.
‘The citizens of many States have been aroused because of erime,
spectacular erime, and the many statements,
y inaccurate, relative to the erime
Situation and the treatment of the criminal.” Attempts to determine
the exact erime situation and its eauses bring forth marked differ.
ences of opinion. ‘The fanlts of the criminal laws are revealed
from time to time by persone not directly concerned with the
‘administration of thet, ‘Peehnécal evasions, the trieks of resouree-
fal lawyers, defects and abuses of the bail system and appeal
privilege, Indiente elenrly the need for many ehiznges in the penal
law and the ende of criminal procedure in the States.
Concerning the ease for the increase of professional and
organized criminal activities, there is 4 wide division of opinion.
During the year many varied attempts to fix responsibility for the
nn
2 ‘Tae Puugox Associamox op New Yore
prevalence of crime were again markedly noticeable. Many
reforms were proposed, and covered the entire range of adminis.
ity elsewhere. The
‘robbed, prison methods, the courts
"The courte blamed the poliee for inadequacy
of jurors and the conduct. of
Juries. ‘Tho grand juries blamed the district attorneys for insue
feat or unconvineing information and then again the trial court
blamed all those previously mentioned, and others, and seemingly
regarded itself as without fault or weakness, Further we heard
complaint from the distriet attorneys placing the responsibility on
the poliee, the jury sysiem and tricky lawyers, and from the high
courts we heard complaint about the lower courts for erzors in
procedure, etc. ‘The prison officials blamed the judges for inde-
finiteness,’ inequality in sentences and inconsistencies. Welfare
workers, sociologists, psychiatrists, and criminologists diseavered
faults in almost every cog of the legal machinery. Tn the mean:
‘time, the public is left in a state of confusion, and with a decidedly
aroused attitude, behind whieh there is tho usual demand for
Severer punishment, characteristic of similar periods in our history,
Gespite the fact that Uirough the ages severity of punishment in its
cruolest forms has not solved the erime problem.
‘Much has been said about the English prison system, and it has
‘been emphasized that severity in the treatment of the inmates of the
prisons in England has resulted in the reduction of crime, and a
reduction in the number of English prisons, This is not #0, a8
rll be shown by the following quotation fyom en adress given by
Sir William Joynson-Hicks, the Home Secretary, at the Ni
International Prison Congress in Tendon, in Agua 2895
During the at ly vente tase hs
aumert
her ely 160
eter ot prisons in_ which
enced grat ree
am
rsction ik the names Of Prisoner isons is due
roti general and spesal,
‘Kimong the general cates may be mentioned the hore law-abiding bebite of
‘he guberal Fopulasion due to Getter education, imoreased nobrety, aad generdl
Terwooverion, st)
[tdpes and magistrates to make the greatest :
tn har tendency, whee oprnanntn ha Become inevitable, co pass abort
It is true that crime is more speedily and sensibly dealt with in
England than in the United States boewuse there doot uot exist im
hat county the many loopholes for eseape of prosecution and
conviction through political influence, top heavy. eriminal court
procedure, dilatory mancuvering by lawyers, ete.
If progress is to be made in dealing with thevaetual eriminal
jantifle methods and machinery must be employed in order to
Aetermine so far 8 is possible the first essential, to wit, what sor
of person is the criminal, what are tho chief causes which have
Tuatie him such, and how are these eanaes to be removed or
neutralized 1
‘The State of Now York, with the setting into operation of the
Receiving and Classification Unit at Sing Sing Prison, more eom-
‘monly known as the Psyebiatrie Clinie, will in time demonstrate
the Valle of the scientific handling of those committed to the State
prisons. Progress in this direction has been made abroad, partieu-
larly in Belgium, in the psychopathic laboratory, a part of the
Prison de la Foret at Brussels, under the direstion of Dr. L. Ver-
vyacels. From this laboratory is directed the psyebiatrie work of
All the Belgian prisons, and all prisoners awaiting trial are sont
there for examination.
‘What ig needed farther in the State of New York is the enact.
ment of legislation (see page 15), following tho Massachusetts
Plan of having those indicted or convicted of a eapital. offense
examined ty # State Department, dealing with mental diseases,
Psychiatrie personnel as a part of the eonrts and a psychiatric
stat? dealing with offenders winder sentence, will make for intelli
ent progress. In the absence of scientific application any system
OF crime treatment which attempts to mensure the exact dogree of
‘culpability contained in a given erime, and to preseribe precis
the amount and quality of penalty necessary to balance the offeuse,
is absurd, and inevitably unjust in its applieation, and too often
defeats the most important object in conneetion with the treat-
‘mont of the criminal, namely, the protection of society.
‘However, the Prison Association holds, regardless of the diversi.
fed views relative to the erime situation, that erime ean be mark.
edly reduced. by the certain, prompt, and impartial administration
of oriminal justice, ‘That, in pact, is the explanation for the more
satisfactory’ situation with respect to crime in England. A brie?
demonstration Im accordance with the new legislation (see page
‘71), in our own State, during the latter purt of 1926, proves that
beyond dispute, Certainty and promptness of punishment is what
the professional criminal fears,
CHAPTER I
RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE LEGISLATURE
1. Legislation should be enacted similar to that which exists in tne
State of Massachusetts (amendment to General Laws, chapter
415, 1921, chapter 169, 1925), making it mandatory upon
clerks of’ court to report to’ the Department of Mental
Diseases all persons:
1. Acensed of a capital crime (murder in the first
degree)
2. Indicted or bound over for a felony who.
“Have been previously convieted of a felony, or
(b) Have heen previously indicted for any other
‘offense mare than oneo.
Commentary
In the State of Massachusetts, upon receipt of such report,
the Depariment assigns ‘vo psyehiatrists who examine the
prisoner and report regarding his mental condition and the
existence of any mental disease or defect which would affect
his criminal responsibility. ‘The repart of the psychiatrists
a a a cs ca cotati
Domest os Fale nate (oh ere ee
Seats ero eens oe ee ee oe
Bas lt yey socal
peraepetis eer, ai a eae
ne
fie
ate
OD w cst
‘Tue Prsow Association oF New York
and the courts have paid marked respect to the neutral poei-
tion of the examining psychiatrists
Tt is further reported that in the last five years there have
not been over two or three criminal eases of importance in
which partisan experts engaged in a legal duel
For New York State
“A similar procedure, auch as that provided under the
Massachuselts' law, is recommended for the State of New
‘York, and should 'be carried on through the newly created
Department of Mental Hygiene, whieh’ Department corre-
sponds in a way to the Department of Mental Diseases in the
State of Massachusetts,
2 Legislation should be enacted giving a definite status to the
TFeeeption and classification unit at Sing Sing Prison, com:
‘monly referred to as the psychiatric elinie, and, in addition,
Tegislative provision shoulel be made which will require that
all commitments to a State prison be made directly to the
receiving and classification unit st Sing Sing. At the present
time commitments are made on the basis of judicial districts,
It is estimated that about 70 per cent of those committed to
State prisons are first received at Sing Sing, while the others
are received at Auburn, Great Meadow, or Dannemora
prisons. However, in order to make for the proper function
Ing of the reception and classifieation elinie, end the more
intelligent distribution of the prison population, it is essential
‘that all commitments be direct to the elinie,
& ‘That inereased funds be made available to allow for the
expansion and development o
burenu js undermanned and is lacking in equipment. 1? it ix
to satisfactorily cooperate with the Federal Bureau of Crim
inal Identifcation in the Department of Justice in Washing
if it is to serve as a valtable adjunet to the
ion and classifeation unit at Bing Sing, and to. the
istrict attorueys, the police officials, and others in this and
other states, it must be more than a bureau for the receiving,
‘nd fling of finger prints and Bertillon measuromonts, but,
in addition, must bea storehouse of all possible information
relative to prisoners, such as ernninal activities, family’ his-
tory, school history, work history, medical “and mental
history, ete
4. That Congress be memorialized to the end that national legis:
Tation be passed regarding the use and distribution of pistols
particularly as it relates to the shipment of pistols from one
State to another, by pareel post, express, or other means.
course national legislation will not entirely oliminate the
existence or use of pistols, or other dangerous weapons, but
should prove elective in the effort to.solve the problem,
Recomaexpanions 30 vie LuaieLarome at
‘That legislation be enacted which will provide that a person
convicted two or more times of a major misdemeanor, when
‘or the first time convioted of a felony, may, in the discretion
df the trial judge, be sentenced as a frst offender felon, and
thereby receive an indeterminate sentence, or ag a second
offender, and thereby receive a definite sentence.
Legislation should be enacted whieh will provide compensation
for prisoners who are permanently disabled, throng’ no fault
of their own, while engaged at work in a prison industry.
‘The following recommendations made by Mr. George W. Alger,
‘the Moreland Act Commissioner appointed by the Governor
to investigate the parole system of the State, and the
{s'respertfully unged that they be pat into practie?
The abolition of the present parttime parole board
2 The appointment of a board’ of three fulltime com-
Inisnioners, with salaries of $7,500 for two members
Of the new board, and $8,500 for the chairman,
The addition of ten povole offers tothe foree now in
fxistence, ith salnvies ranging from $1,800 to
$2.50"
|. Conslidtion of the prone parle force conssting
of four oleae aahgned to Ste psoas and
{ssigued to the reformatory at Blea
‘The appointment of a specially qualified parole offcer
fs each of fhe State prisons fo gather Gata and act
a linison ofeer to the division of pavoe
The establishment of a method of ‘collecting and
fabntating information required by the division of
parole and agreement thereon between the Division
nd the Commissioner of Correction
Parole records now in the custody of the wardens of
Prisons to be turned over to the division of parole.
‘the division to have a central offee st. Sing Sing
Prison, and. branch, offees in New. York City,
Buffalo, and such cther places as may be necessary.
‘The division to act as advisory board on duesGons of
acdons to ezrin its oir initiative in room:
Inending pardons; and ‘to. have the power of
subpoena?
io Amsaton fle that the oa snag sold be, 00,
"pcweem 49,30 and $3,000, an that the umber of perl
‘Becht Inconel eo at lene tents Bao 0 to nen he complete te
ee of fhe pale euervsin by the State
‘Sesoriation in of the opinion that
ince the Greading of a division in the executive department of the new state
(governtieut to deal with the toate of pardons:
‘Tax Prwox Assoounon or New York
‘The appointment of a secretary to take over the work
how performed for the Board of Parole by the
chief clerk of the Prison Department.
‘That there be developed an articulate central admin-
istrative control of the prisons, and this, of course,
can be worked out through the elerictl office in
Albany and the clinie at Sing Sing.
‘That more guards and more clerical employees be
provided for Clinton Prison and also for Great
Meadow Prison,
‘That the liberal practice of allowing the inmates of
Sing Sing Prison to reeeive packages at any time
from friends and relatives be discontinued. This
privilege applies to Sing Sing only
|. That in transfers from one prisia to another specific
‘mention he male in the Tecord of the reason for
the transfer.
1. That there be a re-classification of the prison popula-
tion, and this, of course, ean be worked ont throuzh
the ‘central office and’ the clinie. A system of
classification will remedy the situation which allows
ung boys af reformatory age to be honsed at
Sing Sing and the other State prisons with
hhardened and experienced offenders, and will, at
the same time, allow the transferring of mental
Aefeclives and seemingly tureformable inmates
from Elmira and other institutions #9 institutions
suitable for their needs.
16, That the age limits for commitments to Elmira be
changed from 16 to 80 to 16 to 25.
‘The Prison Association furthor recommends that:
8. Legislation intended to improve the county jail system in this
State should be enacted. ‘The glaring defects and abmses tut
exist in our eounty jail aye : bed again ani
again in the reports of the Prison Asvociation of New York.
‘The county jails should be under the aclmiuistrative control
of the State Department of Correction. Constitutional
Testrictions make this difficult as an immediate change, but
it is possible to effeet by legislation the commitment’ and
enstody of sentenced prisoners in the jails. They could be
sentenced to she county penitentiaries, which should be taken
over hy the State and placed under the jurisdiction of the
State Department of Correetion. ‘The cointy penitentieries
ean be made places of reformation, but so long as they are
under county manazement thero ‘is little chance for the
development of systematie industry and reformative
inluenees.
RacowmeNparions 70 THe LecistaTORE 19
9. Tegislation should be enacted requiring the Federal govern-
"Bent fo provide more satisfactorily than at present for the
Aslention of Mederal prisoners in New York State, These
Prisoners are Mept in’ county. jails which erlls in over-
Browding and males impose tn some instances dbservance
OF tie laws relative tothe separation and clsieation of
Grisoners andy in sdaition, the: Pederal government pays a
Ringe whichis: unfalr to the taxpayers of the various
seardies" "A sy sould be made to determine the desta
Gikty ob erecting’ a Baderal jail somewhere im New York
Stats, or in the Sate of Connections, that Federal
Drisohers can be taken care of directly by the Federal
overainent
Mi (See pages 137 to 119 showing the situation in New York
city wilt Respect to the housing’ of Rederal prisoners)
CHAPTER II
‘THE PRISON ASSOCIATION IN 1926
‘The year 1926 has witnessed the
Progress, fulfilment of recommendations initiated
or long advocated by the Prison Asso
lation of New York. These will be treated upon at length in the
following pages, but, briefly stated, they are as follows
1, The enactment of legislation (chapter 606, Laws of 1926)
‘establishing a state depariment of eorreetion.
. The granting of funds by the legislature for the equipment
and personnel necessary for the operation of the Sing
Sing clinie (chapters 5679 and 628, Laws of 1926).
‘The recommendation of the Moreland Act Commissioner,
‘George W. Alger, appointed by Governor Smith to in-
vestigate the State parole system and the condition of the
state prisons generally, to the effect that the present
parole board, giving part time service, be abolished, and
that there be established instead a’ full fime service
parole board.
‘The appropriation by the budget authorities of the City of
‘New York, which makes possible the taking over by the
city of the probation work in the Court of General
Sessions,
The appointment of a State Crime Commission.
‘The allowing of funds by the 1926 Legislature to provide
‘additional cell buildings and other buildings at Sing
Sing Prison, thereby assuring the completion af the so-
called new Sing Sing.
‘The enactment of chapter 494 of the Laws of 1926, provid-
‘ng that a sentence for natural life be given for a fourth
convietion Zelony.
‘The enactment of chapter 457 of the Laws of 1926, provid-
ing that one indicted as a first offender, or convicted as
first offender, who is subsequently found to be a second
offender, ean be sentenced as such,
‘The enactment of considerable legislation making for the
‘improvement of the administration of the bail system.
‘One of the cighteen civil departments
State Department of in the State government, made possible
Correction. through the constitutional amendment
approved by the people in the fall of
1925, is a State Department of Correction. he organization of a
State Dopartmont of Correction was urged for more than twenty
20)
‘Tan Paros Assooumon 1 1926 a
years by the Prison Association. Central control of some of the
ustodial and penal institntions of the State was urged for decades
Defore the term ‘'department of correction” was used. ‘The ap-
pointment by Governor Alfred E. Smith, in 1019, of a Reconstrue-
Hon Comission to study the scattered and top heavy organiza.
tion of the existing state government, gave decided impetns to the
proposal of a State Department of Correction.
‘The Prison Association fecls that the establishment of a State
Department of Correction is an imporiant advance toward better
organization and machinery to deal with the correctional problems
in the State. For details of the organization of the State Depart.
ment of Corzestion see pages 69 to 71
‘While the State has been committed to
Sing Sing Clinic. the idea of a Reeeption and Classific
Clinic at Sing Sing since 1916, and the
building has been ready for occupancy for some years, there was
no live interest. shown by the Prison Department for the setting
into operation of the clinic. The Prison Association made special
effort for four successive years to have an appropriation made for
the equipment and personnel of the clinie, with the result that in
1926 the Legislature provided $40,000. Through the careful selec
tion of Dr. Walter B, James of the Executive Committes of the
Prison Association, Dr. C. Floyd Haviland of the State Hospital
Commission, and Dr, George Kirby of the Manhattan State Hos-
pital, the name of Dr. Amos T. Baker, Superintendent of the State
Reformatory for Women at Bedford, was suggested to Superin-
tendent of Prisons James L. Long, for the direstorship of the
Receiving and Classification Clinic, and was approved. Dr. Baker,
at this writing, is organizing his staff and will bogin his important
work the first week in January, 1927.
‘The Prison Association does not feel that miracles will be per-
formed through the psychiatric elinie at Sing Sing, but it does
haye profound hopo that under the leadership of Dr. Baker, and
{Brough tho zalous work of is staf, tho peaplo of the State of
‘New York will in time know more about rime and criminals,
and that there will result a more intelligent handling of the in:
‘mates of our prisons, and, finally, that there will result better pro-
tection for society.* "The Association pledges Dr. Baker its earnest
intorest_and cooperation for the fulfilment of his important
responsibility.
nection it in interesting St {o,Sasatention suger
lose contact with, and opporcanity for intelligent
Mody of the ermiaal. (See pages 124 0 138),
22 ‘Tar Prsow Association ov New York
‘The Prison Association is largely responsible
Indeterminate Sen- for the jntroduetion of the indeterminate
tence and Parole. sentence in this State, and, therefore, has
always boon eager for its conscientious
and thorough administration. However, rogarding its adminisirs.
tion, the Assoviation has been au outstanding, consistent, and long
time critic, sntedating the general condemnation which has been
prevalent now for more than two ‘The situation has changed
ttle sinee 1916, when the Association made an exhaustive survey,
and its legislative efforts to improve the situation sinee tbat date
have always been defested.
Briofly the criticisms of the Association are as follows:
1, That the members do not give eufficient time to the work.
They give three, or four, or five days a month, eleven
‘months of the year, much of which time is consumed in
traveling between the prisons. ‘The meetings at each
Prison take but 2 few hours,
2, That the members are not thoroughly familiar, nor do they
take the trouble to familiarize themselves with the facts
pertaining to different eases coming before them.
B. The State does not provide for the supervision of those on
parole, the work being done, first by the Prison Associa
tion, and in more recent years by other organizations,
‘tho ‘Prison Association, of eourse, eontinning.
4. The study and preparation of the man within the institu
tion is rather perfunctory and haphazard, and Bittle or
no individual attention is given in the matter of judg-
ing fitness for parole, ‘This ties up particularly with
the procedure of allowing time off for good conduct
or satisfactory perfarmanee of duties assigned. Tn other
words, the prineipal requisite now for earning time off
for parole is good conduct within the Snstitntion, and all
of us who now anything about offenders have Tong ago
learned that too freqrently the worst type of offenders
behave themselves best within the institution, ‘The
Parole Board accepts, with practically no check up of its
‘own, information which is received from prison officials
fon the conduct and achievements of the man, ‘True it
4s that too frequently the Board members do not have
any idea of what the or what his voice
sounds like, until he eomes before thei for & few mine
utes during the meoting. In past years one or two of
the incumbents made it a practice to interview men days
in advance of the meeting.
‘Tun Pawson Assooiamos w 1926 23
5. Little attention is given by the Board to the facts relating
‘to the man's pre-institutional life, Further, little or no
attention is given to the factors relating to the man’s
ing subsequent to his release, that is, the Board does
xnot require a pre-parole investigation of the! man’s home
conditions, Fun conditions, neighborhood conditions,
‘work posse
‘The increasing crticinny of the Parole Board during the
1920 and 1986 reached thelr height with the proposed selease of 8
prisoner known as Tzzy Presser, in April, 1998. While the Parole
Board had little or no jurisdiction in this particular case, it, never-
theless, im a routine way approved: the proposal, and ‘there fol-
lowed ‘widespread protest by the press, the courts, organizations,
and public spirited citizens. Governor Smith then appointed,
funder the Moreland Act, Mr. George W. Alger to investigate the
proposed release of Prosser, the operation of the indeterminate
Sentence, the activities of the Parole Board, parole supervision,
and the administration of the prisons generally. In this investi-
ization the Prison Asvociation gave wholeheartedly the benefit of its
feng years of experience and kmovledge
“Se. Algor’s careful and impartial discharge of the responsibility
given him by: the Governor resulted in constructive reeommenda-
tions which, if followed, will put the administration of the inde-
terminate sentence ancl parole, and ‘the administration ‘of the
itive Committee of the Associa
Prisons on asound bans, The
tion, ata meeting held on December 16,. 1926, unanimously
‘Approved Mr, Alger’s findings and recommendations in a leter 10
the press, as follows:
‘The Executive Committee of the Prison Association of Ne ie at its
He eapor and aie
"Te suggestion® of Mr Alger fm the administration of the indeterminate
frynt of hie snuck within the iain
ahiy guid parole board,
Strole ere to sipervse those on pale, abd hese out be trained
nape ce
Algers finaluge with respect to some of the administrative detaite of
the lastititona, the Eenceal herding of the tnetttocion populations, and. the
tiehafe bling ave cher evident public indierente and ier wing
Sess to {ake the prison proslem seriously! Too long have we proceeded” on tie
theory: that when onee aan ds cowvioted and Committed to
‘Bisa and she pera training of the ood fora la
‘Sua farther unt “we hare a mote gonaraly” aperative system ar
By ‘Tam Paigox Assooiamion ov Naw York
allow for the weeding out, through scientific means, of thoee who cannot, fo
oma reason of ether conduct themetves in acoordanoe with the requirements
tthe oatside word, and watil provicion le made for thelr permanent custodial
ate, there ln dle hope for progres
‘Me Al
at soten fei make Yor stn of
‘tione are exsellont, ell ottar aif be éhe. putting into ‘action of the
ence and understanding they evince
(Sigeed) EUGENE SMITH,
1927 should see a new day for the operation of the indeterminate
sentenee and parole in the State of New York. Tt is entirely
‘within the power of the Governor and the Legislature to make the
Tequived changes to this end, and it is therefore the hope of the
Prison Assooiation that they will act
‘As pointed out in previous reports, the
Probation in the Association has had a representative in_the
Court of General Court of General Sessions in the City of New
Sessions. York for eighty years, and the Srst probation
law in the State was drawn by a former Glen
eral Secretary of the Association, the late Dr. Samuel J. Barrows,
fand its passage in 1901 expedited by him, Before Dr. Barrows
died in 1909 he began, a movement which had as its purpose the
requiring of the city to take over the probation work in the Court
‘of General Sessions. ‘The Assooiation has continually through the
‘years urged that this be done, although there has been opposition
fat various times in different quarters.
‘When legislation was proposed in 1925 which would make
possible the requiring of the eity to provide a budget for the pro-
bation work in ihe court, the Prison Association heartily wel:
comed the increased support then available, and doubled its efforts
fo make certain of the passage of the bill before the Legislature.
In the making of the 1927 budget for the City of New York pro-
‘vision was made for the appointment of a chief probation oficer,
two deputies, twenty-seven probation officers, one seeretary-stonog
rapher, ten ‘stenogeaphers, five typists, two record clerks, one
Switchboard operator and one information clerk. ‘The appropri.
‘don for this staf? was $129,826, and for oquipment and incidentals,
$11,060.
‘Beginning January 1, 1927, the volunteer organizations, such as
the Prison Association, will be relieved of the probation work.
Mr. D. B. Kimball, for over forty-two years a member of the staff
of the Prison Association, and its representative in the Court of
General Sessions, has been appointed a deputy probation officer.
‘Thus there comes to a fruitful eonelusion an effort started by the
Prison Association more than seventeen years ago.
‘Tam Pasow Assocuriox 1s 1926
Im reply to a letter to the judges of the Court of General
Sessions, advising them that tho Prison Association would not con-
Sinne its probation work in the court subsequent to January 1,
1927, beetuse the eily had appropriated funds to carry on that
work, the following communication was received :
December 20, 1026.
Dear Ma. Cas,—Yours of the 18th instant js ab band and 1) m much
lugureted ia tho facts stated ato the connection of the Priton Asso
‘xtreme fo and. your Ansctation will
‘oat Stes ball
‘ant ia proper, they regret he wl ‘of your work
m weet ours very truly,
(Gigned) Cnanuus © Nor, Je,
“Judge, Court of Gonorat Seseione
[An additional communication was addressed to our probation
compliments
rts of our Court
“ie Tatouioct detail, and proved to be ono of the very
eof my. judgnnt, when aaing sentence upon
th defendants. Theled ia 8 highly sue
teveful manner by Your Bares
‘upin the New ear, sfx my earnest with that you say cone
tine with fucelee sd the sume good meneure of helpfulness, you Lave
‘adored in the
a ‘Yours very sincerely,
(Signed)
State Crime
Commission.
resolution
“Ine Prim Association of Ney York stands fiat for the protection of
Pe eran et ithe fused of the pepe tf accord wth
Sean ame ce tbe mushloery’ of elimina justin to Oe extent that aocety
‘il be tat protects.
26 ‘Ta Prisox Astocrarion of New York
aot approve wholly i detall the coiclusons und the legislation offered by the
Lngilative Commtites, it meverthsles hat sufielent confience in the report
tovjurtify the fooling that ie iu a rsp in the right direction, and Wil
Sesining se ouch Sesied resul, tot certain and prompt adeinatr
‘The Joint Legislative Committee was reorganized and continued
under he tue ot State Crne Commision by the 1928 Legare
dnd its authority permits the further seope of inguiry intended by
tie Prison Association im its recommendation to the 1925 Legix
lature, so that the two bodies, appointed by two Legislatures. can
accomplish through inquiry and subsequent legislation much that
ig held eswential by the Prison Association inthe present crime
situation
During the year the Association was heard on several occasions
by the Crime Commivsion, in fall exsion, and its individual mem
bors have been in contact seth the Association freqwentiy
‘At a hearing of the State Crime Commission on July 2, 1926,
the Association suggested the following Hines of inguity
1. To what extent is it true in New York State.
(2) That too many eximes are committed by those who
are not appeebendea.
(b) That there are too many offenders who are not
* indicted
(c) That too mony offenders are indicted who are nol
‘ried
(a) That too many of those who are proseented are
acquitted.
(e) That too many of those who are indicted escape
‘prosecution, conviction, or punishment in ways
other than by aequittal
(£) That too many who are indicted for a high degree
of crime are allowed to plead guilty to a lower
degree of erime. This practice is referred to by
prisoners as the “capping of a plea.”
“it i interesting to note that in passing upon the ‘so-called Banmen Jaws
(Decent, 1050), partienlarly the amendanent givin Ife imprlasnment for &
‘and in uphifing te valeies, tho Appellate Division
vires Departmen, denounead “tho denteney In recent
Taw enfovenment tal leniency to erlminals by” district
orgs ait juin apis n neoptgng ct gee fo nor, hares
Hat hls abuse of diseretion had ted to an Incrense i effin and had funted
he mpi Me
ust ecfores the Tae and taut no! rofure Go obey than been se
ation Sas Been taken away Beane
‘Tam Prison Assootation rw 1026 ca
That a diligent study be made of the daily working of
‘Several of the large criminal courts in the State. Tt is
Sometimes stated in the press that various eourts are
speeding up, and the question arises as to whether there
We need of oceasional speed upa, or whether there is more.
need of a day after day steady utilization of the maxi
rum of the court machinery.
friminal Identification and Information in Albany,
and other similar bureaus within the State, cooperate as
f maticr of daily routine in the exchange of information
with the Bureau of Investigation (Federal Crimi
[dentification Bureau) of the Department. of Justice,
‘Washington, D.C, the Direetor of which is J. Edger
Hoover.
1 Phat legislation be passod zequiring that the State Bureau
of
‘The inequality. of sentences given by the various judges
‘throughout the State for crimes seemingly shnilar.
‘The lack of educational trade training facilities and
‘edequate employment for the inmates of our State
prisons
‘The deplorable idleness existing in our county penitentiaries
‘and jails, end. particularly in the New York County
Penitentiary, the Workhouse, and the branches of both
institutions. ‘This condition’ in the absence of proper
Classification and segregation stands as an increasing
menace to society.
‘The need for a reorganization of the county jail system in
this State, A carefal study has been made by a com-
Initice mede up of a number of interested organizations,
and headed by Mr. George W. Wickersham, and the
report of that study is easily available for the members
Sf your comttission, ‘The report contains interesting data
fon the inmates of the county jails and important recom:
mendations.
|. There should be a thorough going over of the Prison Taw.
‘The present language in some of the seetions is zwkward,
perhaps eonficting, and ambiguous,
desirability of allowing for the fullest demonstration of
it value of the reception and classification unit at Sing
Se "cammonty referzed to as the t'payehtatrie clint.”
‘Siler a delay of magny years the Stato has finally appro-
ASISSA She kun ‘of $10,000 for the setting into opera:
Fon of the clinic, and 3€ given a fair trial itis felt in
ny quarters that it-will increasingly prove its value,
Zot only in tho disclosing of valuable ‘nformation rela”
Uve ‘to crime and eriminnis, but in the classification,
‘Tam Pricox Assooumon or Naw Yous
Gistribution and treatment of those within the institu:
tions. ‘The eyes of other States and of Buropean coun.
tries have long been disected toward this much talked
of clinic, It was {ound in Belgium in the summer of
1925 that prison officials in that country are making
considerable headway by the application of scientific
methods in dealing with the inmates of thelr institutions
‘The work being conducted at the Prison de la Foret in
Brussels—Dr. L. Vervavek, Director—is 2 beacon light
of progress,
‘The need for enlarging the institution for mentally detec
tive delinquents at Napanoch. The public is. slowly
Deginning to grasp the idea that some of those who go to
four penal and correctional institutions are in necd of
what ig commonly referred to as permanent, custodial
care, that is, life imprisonment. "The institution at
presint js overcrowded, and hampered in its work because
fof the lack of facilities to do a dificult service
|. A more satisfactory application of the theory of the inde:
Terminate sentence so far" as it relates ‘to our State
prisons, ‘The indeterminate sentence has suffered bo-
‘ause of unsatisfactory administration. Tt has numerous
‘advantages, and when properly administered will show
itself to be the most salistactery. way of dealing with
praouers, At the Ninth International Prison Congres,
held in Loudon in the summer of 1925, the representa
tives of fifty-six countries, after serious deliberation,
‘manimously indorsed the indeterminate sentence,
J connection. with, ho indeterminate sentence « complete
reorganization af the parole work of the State, and
seviaing fora fall tne perce parole boned ‘This Wil
be dealt with, of course, by the Moreland. Commissioner
appointed by Governor Smith, Mr. George W. Alger,
but your commission should lend its weight and influence
to the logiation that will undoubtedly. be. presented
to carry out the tecommenclations of Mz. Alger.
‘That the commission visit the various penal and corree-
fonal institutions ia the State and plan to give adequate
time for a study of the workings of the institutions and
the problems which confront the administrators
Another communication to the State Crime Commission suggested
the following:
1. That a very close observation and stady be made of the
daily operation of the criminal courts within the City
of New York, to determine to what extent they are
functioning, in keeping with the umber of judges and
‘other personnel, in the speedy administration of criminal
Justice.
‘Tum Pamwox Assoounion mx 1926 29
. That 2 thorough study be made of the sentences imposed
‘by the judges of the higher criminal eourts within the
Gity of New York, with a view of comparing the
sentences imposed oh Hrst offenders with the senlences
imposed on second or more frequent offender
5 That a study be made of the use of probation in es Magis-
‘trates’, Special Sessions, Court of General Sessions, and
the County Courts within the City of New York, to
determine to what extent this method of dealing with’ the
lawbreakor is wisely applied and administered.
4. That a thorough investigation be made of the disadvantage,
‘noonvenience, aud inefleieney whieh is now experienced
through the lack of a central bureau of criminal identi-
fieation and information ‘within the City of New York.
fn Assocation, in its sonual’ reports to the
Srgislatare and through other means, has continually
lnged the. consolidation of the existing bureaus of
timing) identifestion and information
Subsequent to the submission of Mr. George W. Alger’s report
on the parole situation in the State, the Prison Assoeiation "was
tgain heard at length by the Crime Commission. Ae this hearing
ip Awociation held to. Mr. Alger's ndings, and nnged. moat
ternestly. the continuation of the indeterminate sentence and
parole, and the ereation of a full time service Parole Board. Later
feports dicate that the Crime Commission vill adhore closely to
the recommendations made by Mi Alger in the matter of parole, .
‘nd will support the idea of a fall time servioe Parole Board
‘Prison Association played a conspicu-
‘The New nus part in the eampaign which Tesulted. in
Sing Sing. ‘the passage of lepistation, in 1916, for a new
Sing Sing. However, onk dings have
teen completed, with the result that the greater part of the od and
‘bjeetionable eall block remains in use len years after the Stale
deeided to build a new prison. ‘The Assosiation continually urged
the appropriation of additional money for the construction of the
how prison. The sun of $2715,000 (chapter 291, Laws of 128)
‘vas dppropriated by the 1926 Tcpisatare, and iti hoped that the
‘work will be speedily executed.
mr years the Association has been con-
lite vincid tat crtan number ot the
faprisomment. quently eonvieted of erime, or otherwise dan.
fferous to public safety, should be permanently
segregated from society. Thi ie done in th cave of the insane and
there has been litile aF no publie protest. However, there are those
‘mitment by the court, but this applies only to those who are de-
clared mentally defeotive. However, there are those who do not
30, ‘Tue Pusow Assocamoy or New Yous
come under the Napanoeh law, but who are seemingly incapable of
conducting themselves in accordance with the requirements of the
outside world and frequently resort to criminal acts, The ideal
system, as is being urged in the recommendation of the Prison
Eevociation to the Legislature this year, is that certain offenders
bbe examined at the time of indictment or commitment. However,
in the absence of such arrangement, it is necessary in ihe interest=
of eommunity protection, that those frequently eonvicted of crime
Should be permanently segregated. Therefore, the Association
‘urged upon the 1926 Legislature that thore be enacted an amend.
mont to section 211-) of tho Prison Law, and section 19
Penal Law, and other soctions of either’ law whe
provide tat a conviction for the fourth time of a felony earry with
{Ca Life sentence, whieh eannot be interrupted except by commnta
ion or pardon by the Governor of the Stato. This was also
recommended by the so-called Baumes Committee, and there
ronnlted the, entotment of chapter 404 of the Las of 1920, "Ty
som has struck terror tothe profesional and organied eximiaas
Tad it reports are accurate same of those have removed their activ
fies to other states It is felt by the Asmciation that in apie uf
the protest above’ mentioned: the life sentence proviaion should
stand atleast for another year
Tioys. is no doubt thet if the oriminal
records now kept in the files of munilpal and
County depactments and in many eae
plete, wete transferred {0 a. conte. burenn,
criminal justice could, be more sulisfactoriy administered. As
pointed oat m fhe 1902 Auval Report of the Prison Association
Eriminal records in the city of New Yosk are now being ied by
{Rovpote; the county and agitratn” courts, che nurt of special
and the department of
coords re not easly
Sraable, since Canina
lke professional type have the benoit of this enmberwome and
2 Since the Association, in 1923, ret ont
Was bl spree
Contral_Identi-
ation Bureau.
about a consolidation, and at the beginning of the ome addressed
@ commonieation to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment,
lunging action on the proposal, During the year the matter has
‘Tae Prisow Association 1x 1926 31
Jeon in the hands of the Mayor’s Committee for the Conservation
ai Life and Property, and considerable additional study of it has
teen made by Chief Justice Kernochan of the Court of Special
Sasions, who has acted as Seeretary of the Mayor's Committee.
Hehas been in frequent conference with Chiet Magistrate MeAdoo
‘and Police Commissioner MeLaughlin, and, early in 1927, there
‘Hil probably result the beginning of central bureau ‘by
herease in the personnel, equipment, and scope of activity of the
Borean of Tdentifieation in the Police Department.
ince he took office Potice Commissioner
Increased Police MeLanghlin has been earnest in his efforts to
Protec
hnonth of October, 1926, there was noted through the press some
Iusitaney on the part of the Board of Estimate and Apportion-
ment to grant the Commissioner's application for an appropria-
tion for additional nersonnel and equipment, and the Executive
Committee ofthe Astociaton addrewed the folowing Titer to the
Cctater 8, 1098
Dovap on Bernare ax Arroumonnes, Maniipal Buliday, Bow York
Gueraeers.—The Prison Association of New York, formed more than
‘pelt
fou to Fecousider’ this appropriation for the
ow Yorke nve been carrying on war
rely af ou lene wi abe ek San raplyTatenced during
unt Yeates Under fa cley"goverriment, 2. insulent” pl
La faaiitien, complaiaant Jurion and with the automobile ‘as
int the lives and
ie ra rd the itzeney
jSe arpa your Bourd io grantiie vital appropristlon aaked for ty Com?
antbionet sebeughin,
c now pomerfal enough bo
y truly yo
‘The Board of Estimate and Apportionment, yiclding to the pub-
lic support given to Commissioner MeLanghlin’s request, allowed
finds for the adding of 1,000 patrolmen, twenty lieutenants, and
} tour inspectors to the force, and als equipment
32 ‘Tu Puison Assoctatiow or New Youre,
Commissioner MeLanghlin acknowledged the cooperation of the
Association by the following letter:
October 18, 162
Mu, Rvomee Suerem, President, The Prieon Assooiation of Now York, 15
Haut Usth Stree, 3-0.
dg Duan Mn, Son oan y00 vo your timely supp
Tip raat fr the apprapisin of ctl tnd!
‘he Police budget “ot 1920 & provide for alltel patrolmen and equipment
” es ‘Very tray sours, ® i
igned) Ozone V. MeLavowtsn,
Potior Gommtartones
In eonnestion with the movement for the enlargement of the
police foree of the City of Now York, the following data is of
Interest
tain “| 3/2.
atta (Dea of Bei. (ote.
cocoon
Becta Cree
Fira,
‘Tue Paisox Associarios x 1926 33
At the request of representatives of several
Cooperation a
U.S. Bureau of
us. Tasanity, @ conference, eailed t
of the Consus, Mz, W. ML. Steuart, was held
at the Bureau of the Census in Washington, D. C, om April 28,
1926, to consider what could be done toward providing for the
annval compilation of statisties relating to the jamates gf prisons
‘and reformatories, hospitals for the insane, and other institutions
for the defective, dependent and delinquent elasies, the decennial
‘compilations authorized hy the existing law being deemed
ineufficient, .
‘The conference was attended by the following persons: Sanford
Bates, President of the American Prison Association and Commis:
sioner of Correction of Massachusetts; E. R. Cass, General Secre-
tary of the American Prison Association and the Prison Assoeia-
tion of New York; Brederie B. Crosiley, Chairman of the Com.
nuttee on Records and Statistics of the American Tnstitate of
Criminal Lew and Criminology ; Bmil Frankel, Statistician of the
Pennsylvania State Department of Welfare ; Dr. Hastings H. Hart,
Consultant in Delingueney and Penology of the Russell Sage
Foundation; Horatio M. Pollock, Statistician of the New York
Stato Hospital Commission, and representing the American Psy’
hiatsie Association and the Ameriean Statistical Association; Dr
Frankwood E. Williams, Medical Diroetor, The National Com:
mittee for Mental Hygiene; Dr. George K. Pratt, Assistant to the
Medical Dizector of ‘The National Committee for ‘Mental Hygiene,
and Professor Sem B, Warner, Director of the Committee on
Records and Statistics of the American Institute of Criminal Law
i Criminology. ‘The Censi Bureat was represented ty William
‘Stewart, Director of the Census; Dr. Joseph A. Hill, Assistant
ig the Director and Leon N- Truesdell, Chiet Statitieian for
Population.
‘The resolutions passed by the conference, which are given below,
have since heen approved by Secretary Hoover, and. beginning
With this year, annual statistics are to be compiled,
Resouvrions,
Section One
Wrrrneas, Tt has become evident that in the rapid current of
our present social life more frequent compilation of data in regard
ta the mentally ill, the feebleminded, the epileptic, the delinquent,
and other dependent and abnormal ‘groups is needed, in order to
plan adequately for the care and treatment of these classes and for
the prevention of the social disorders and social problems that
arige from the presence of these individuals in the community 5 and.
‘Wuneras, Several national organizations, including the Ameri-
ean Psychiatrie Association, the American Statistical Association,
‘the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, the
34 ‘Ta Persow Assocation op New Yore
American Prison Association, and The National Committee for
Mental Hygiene, have already gone on record in favor of annus!
institutional statistics as herein requested ; and
Waaras, Such data will be eagerly sought by managers of
Federal, State, and city institutions, by legislative eommittees, by
State supervisory departments, by social agencies, by departments
‘of sociology in the universities, and by many persons in private
life who are deeply interested in social problems; and
‘Wrens, The corapilation of such data at ten-year intervals ax
heretofore is not suficiently frequent to answer the requirements;
therefore, be it resolved =
I. That the Bureau of the Census, of the Department of Com
‘moreo, should be authorized to eollect statistics regarding insti:
tional elasses annually, instead of only decennially ;
IT, That it is the sense of this committee that increasing em.
phasis should be placed hy the Census Bureau on social statistics,
to supplement and reenforee the excellent and exhaustive bu
ness statisties now gathered by said bureau, and that said soc
Statisties should cover the subjects of mental disease, criminology
poverty, etc., reliable information as to which is essential if our
Rational life and business is to be improved along sound and
scientific Tines; and
TEL, ‘That it is the opinion of this committee that the Burean of
the Census should serve as a central office to compile statisties on
the basis of reports made by the different institutions, and that the
success of the central office under stich a plan must depend largely:
on the cooperation of the States and institutions.
Section Two
‘Wutrneas, The efforts of the American Psychiatsic Association
and the National Committee for Mental Hygiene during the past
rine years in the establishment of a system of uniform statistics
in State hospitals thronghout the eountry have laid the foundation
and make now practicable the collection of annual statistics on a
nation-wide basis; therefore, be it resolved,
'V. That the Mederal Census Bureau be requested to collect
ties snmually of patients in public and private institutions
(exelusive of those for temporary eare) for mental disease, mental
dofeets, and epilepsy.
'V. That data on the following subjects be collected, tabulated
and published
a. Movement of patients by sex.
'b. Mental classification of first admissions by sex.
e. Race, nativity, and parentage of frst admissions by sex.
1. Data for resdmissions, to be the same as for first
‘admissions (see b and e).
‘Tu Pawow Assootariow 1 1926 35
¢. Mental clasieation of alscharges, by sex and by con-
dition on discharge
£, Mental classification of deaths, by sex and by cause
‘ot death
. General information and administrative personnel of
‘Sate hospitals for mental disease and epilepey and
fchools for the fcbleminded.
Pinancial operations of State hospitals for mental
h Witgenwe. aud epilepsy and schools for the Teeble
minded.
VE. That these data be obtained
a. Krom central State agencies in the several States, s0
Tar as pomible
. From iustitutions which could supply’ satisfactory
Torrelaced fables, in States where central boards do
foe exit.
ce: Individual schedules to be obtained by the Federal
‘Consus Bureau, for such institutions es could not
Supply satisfactory correlated (abl
VET. that efforts should be made to obtain data for 1926 from
as many institutions as are equipped to give it, in the expectation
That tho report for 1927 will be more complete, and thet for 1828
Still more completes and
‘VILL That all institutions for the care of the insane, fesble-
rninded, and epileptic be urged to furnish annually to the Bureat
Ur Centon the data necessary for the compilation of statistics, ax
tuted above.
Section Three
“Wntwras, ‘There is a general and inereasing demand for
authenti¢ information as to the eauses, the extent, and the increase
fr deerease of erime; and
county, and
justi
penal institutions; and
“Wurneas, Of these various agencies penal institntions are at
present best organized to furnish the information necessary for
the publication of such statisties ; now, therefore, he it resolved
TX, That the Bureau of the Census, of the Department of Com:
meres, be urged to include in its program the publication of annual
criminal statisties and that such publication be commeneed by
arranging for the immediate collection, tabulation, and publication
of annual statistios relative to the inmates of penal institutions.
36 ‘Tau Prison Assocumoy or Naw York
Section Pour
Wrnnas, It is ultimately desirable that statist be i
ms, imately desirable that sttistoe be publiche
relating to tnzate ofall poral insttiony Pett: Sea eee
and municipal; but recognizing tho diffieully of obtaining the
information necessary for such statisties fron aot eas
Pal inttatlons at this tmesbe ie somhecd
X. That all State penal isieaions
fe peaalinsitations be urged through the
al Coie Boral io sua ly eGR ie
‘weesry for nal natoel sata dsl fo te Beat
XI. hat ail State bureaus oF. departments havin control ot
supervision over ponal institutions be arsed elie ed ae
for posible future compilation ty the Burcay of the Consee mae
with reference to county and municipal institutions, *
Section Five
Wrrntas, Certain work
State penal institutions ha:
records similar to those above
wean of the Census, in onder that
‘stent with the possibilities of
luring 1927, and forward it promptly
‘manner and at such times er ft may
ibed by it, not inconsistent with the
Section Sia
Be it farther resolved
XIV. That better results ma
of aeourecy and reliability uch
Sorrelating statisties, (wie
ct oF by the various 5
‘Tam Prisow Assocration nv 1926 ar
XVI. That this committes expresses its willingness to assist the
census Bureau in every way in its work of gathering statistics and
siggests the appointment of sub-committees to mevt and confer
‘vith the director at his conveniene
(See pages 120 to 123 for schedules to be used for the annual
omsus for 1926 and 1927 of prisons and reformatories.)
‘The Association continued its live interest
§n the affairs of the Department of Correction
during the year, and particularly in the effort
to regein the $100,000 im tax notes authorized
by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment,
in October, 1925, for the grading and preparation of the ground
for the proposed new penitentiary on Riker’s Island. ‘The city.
uiinistration taking offies January, 1926, reseinded the amount
‘hove stated, and therefore nade it necessary to bend every effort
ce it of the need for anew penitentiary. Frequent com,
ns were sent to members of the Board of Estimate and
Apportionment. One of the communications from the Assoeiation
is as follows:
New York City
Department of
Correction,
Jane 2, 1026.
on Sees J. Wass, Bayo, Ohoioman, Road of Betimate on Apportion
ye
‘ent, Maniotpat Bulding, Now Peek
‘SmaI am directed by the Fxeeutive Committee of the Prison Asso
sist of Noy Fae
ary plana and specthent
‘hia ie the morons a are I on
However, spprecicing thoroughly the need of submaya and bol
si (Ftany ao overlaok the importance of protecting
Commi
‘provement of character and the ontingping of ail
ae mem tnd women, :
‘Commissioner Wallis of the Department of Correction ix not tobe
esponatbies "He hae tae arueat efor to do good work with what ea
‘nent in Dl ‘sonnel there sa been this command.” Dut ieh
se'feoverwiclming, and the only answer te met
Penitentiary that wil allow for proper hows, euusiicati, employment and
Trataing off those connate
a8 ‘Tae Prison Association 07 New York
nee puck
eh one
ew or
"The “question artes
2 er
out be wt
Signed) "E.R Case,
Genova Serio
Frequent meetings, were held with
ere eld with representatives, of other
organizations, and with eit offeals for the'purpose of becring te
Proponal aliv "On Sepiamber Ith, the Mayor wig eve ot
the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, nepresontating ee
tganizations, and publie spinied eitizens made a ree
|
‘Dae Pawson Assoctarton mr 1926 89
into a public park. Tn response to his request, reports were sub-
aitted showing that the proposed buildings eould be safely con
<cructed on Riker’s Island, and ways were suggested to increase the
traveling facilities to Welfare Island.
‘The request for the releasing of the $100,000 was on the yarious
talendars of the Board of Estimate aud Apportionment, and 2ep-
Fesentatives of the Prison Assoeiation and other organizations ap-
prared repeatedly before that body, awaiting opportunity to be
heard. ‘The Tast appearance, at the'time of this writing, was on
Jannazy 3, 1927, at which time the Association joined with others
in readiness to support the program of the Commissioner of Cor-
Feetion, not only for the consiruetion of a new penitentiary on
Riker’s Tsland, but also for the improversent of other institutions
in the Department of Correction. ‘The program itemizing require
nents of the Department of Correetion for the year 1927, to be
finaneed by the issue of corporate stock or tax notes, is presented
in the order of urgency as follows:
Rucen’s Isuawp. Penitentiary for males, to consist
‘of housing building for a census of 2,000 inmates,
necessary auxiliary buildings, such as inflrmary,
moss hail, kitehen, bakeshop, laundry, power house,
refrigerating plant, administration — building,
chapel, assembly halls to be arranged as class
rooms, quarters for warden and staff, industrial
Inildings and the necessary repair shops, for the
manufacturing industries in which immates may
de taught trades, such as making clothing, under-
wear, shoes, beds, brushes and other articles of
Supplies; approximate cost $5,000,000, of which
here will be required for the year 1927
Cry Pauox, Mannarrax, Construction of add
tional housing building for accommodations for 150
inmates, of fireproof construction, on Lafayette
Street side of prison; approximate cost $750,000,
of which there will be required for the year 1927.
New Hamtprox. Construction of eubiele dormitory:
for the housing of 156 inmates; ereotion of kitchen,
ness hall, bakery, and assembly hall on second
floor; also school buildings and ‘chapel; also gar-
age and additional shop buildigs, all of fireproof
‘construction ; approximate cost $700,000, of which
there will be required for the year 1927...
Gusvcouwr. Construction of additional wings for
the agcommodation of 150 inmates, to he of fire
250,000
Purpose; approximate east
be Fequired for the year 1927. 150,000
40 ‘Tan Prisow Astocamos op New Yous
House or Derawsiox ror Women, Acquisition of
site and construction of building to be used as a
receiving institution, hospital and elassifieation
building, for women’ offenders, to be of froproot
coustruction ; approximate cost $750,000, of whieh
‘there will be roquired for the year 1927 :
Cry Paicox, Quiews Construction o! en,
mess hall, laundry and storeroom, to be of fi
125,000
proof construction; approximate cost $150,000,
all of which will be required in the year 1927... 150,000
Suaneary zy Prosucrs
Biker's Island fee 5
City Prison, Manhattan
‘ew Hampton «
Greyeourt 00 iii :
House of Detention for Women...
City’ Prison, Queens,
$1,925,000
In the month of November an attempt was
made by three prisoners to eseape from the
City Tombs, resulting in the death of the
warden, a keeper, and the three prisoners. Considerable public
alarm was aroused, and there followed the usual investigations
‘Attempt was mado to fix responsibility for the ease with whieh the
smpted eseapes were planned and developed, and the death of
‘the warden and the prison keeper, upon the Commissioner of Cor
rection, Frederick A’ Wallis it being charged that he was nogleet
fal in his duties, An Investigation by tho November Grand Jury
resulted in a presentment to dudge Otto A. Rosalsky in the Court
‘of General Sessions, on December 10, emhodying all of the remedial
recommendations which had been made previously by the Commis
sioner of Correction. ‘The chief distriet attorney, who presented
the matter, regarded the presentment as an endorsement of Con:
voisioner Wallis’s administration and poliies, ‘The presentment
‘Tombs Prison
1. The conditions which have existed for many years in #
local prisons, particularly in the Tombs, in our opinion
are alarming, a standing menace to the public safety and
imperatively require immediate remedial attention. ‘These
conditions are due primarily to the faet that the custodial
forwat of them praoas ato romiy imadequsia snd wider
‘Ten Paisow Ascoctarion 1x 1926 a
We endorse the numerous recommendations which have
‘pen made for several years past by the Commissioner of
Correction, and by other Grand Juries sitting in the
various counties in this city, as well as by othier organized
odies, for the betterment of these prison condition
“We recommend that prompt provision be made for imereas.
ng the number and the compensation of the custodial
forces of these prisons, in order that men of quality and
merit may be available for such positions. We advise
that the special attention of the Mayor and the other mem-
bers of the Board of Bstimate and Apportionment be
again called t¢ the urgent need for these increases, to the
fend that suitable appropriations may be made therefor.
2, We find that the inmates of the Tombs Prison have always
‘yen permitted to have possession of such money and
‘ther valuables as they could command. We deplore this
Costom as constituting an ever-present souree of tempta-
tion to bribery and other corruption, We recommend
that all prison inmates be deprived of the possession of
money oF other valuables and that the same be placed in
tthe eave of bonded elevieal custodians specially appointed
for that purpose.
3, We find that the commissary department and the barber
the Tombs Prison are manned by private civilian
‘Their work, as well as that of other civilians
necessazily brings civilians
yuates, We therefore urge
'd inspection of both the
‘and all_ other
inaugurated,
the smuggling of o%
4. We recommend that the District Attorney prepare and
(ntroduce to the coming session of the Legislature. for
Udactment such measures as would serve to make a viola,
tion of the rules and regulations of the Department of
Corrcetion by its employes punishable as a crime, where
Such violation may reasonably be regarded as a menace to
the public safety.
‘The dangerous and unhealthy congesti
fat the present time is so great as
keds of instances. the placing of two prisoners in one
cell, ‘This congestion should be relieved as spoodily as
Sossible. We recommend to that end that the proper
Public authorities adopt all necessary steps to, expedite
Bie construction of the new penal institutions which bave
pout desigued for Riker's Island. We regard that idle-
hess among prison inmates is one of the most prolifie
‘Tae Pasox Assoctrion of Naw York
study of the complete testimony. "
‘see page 103.) Depastient ol Cs aid
Legislative
Activities,
‘The Legislative Committee of the Associa-
ion was active during the session, and was
represented in Albany, promoting good legisla.
tion and opposing bad legislation. ‘This phase
of the Association's work ia negarded as extremely important as
Js one to which the Association wives close attention, on? 84
(ox uvther details seepage 80)
‘Tae Puisox Associamon ix 1926 8
During the year the Association continued
Bureau of Advice ‘9 Tetuler valuable serviee in the matter of
and Information. $
on it : ig for progress.
Numerous inquiries have been received touching upon subjects
anywhere from the size of cells and windows to the ever present
‘question of capital punishment. Those who inquire are anxious
to sock opinion, to be put in touch with authorities, and to learn
of reliable literature.” These many inquiries give considerable
‘work, but it is very definitely held that this form of service is quite
within the scope of the Association’s activities and is highly
hheneficial. ‘The inquiries eome not only from the various States
of the Union, but from workers and students in other countries,
from legislative committees, end an almost endles number from
\dents and the teachers and pupils of high sehools.
"The General Seoretary’ functioned daring
the year as the General Secretary of the
Prison Congress. American Prison Association, which is now in
its fifty-sieth year, and the’ origin of which
can be traced to the efforts of Dr. B. C. Wines of the Prison Asso-
tiation of New York, | The 56th Annual Congress of the Association
was held in Pittsburgh, and was one of its outstanding meetings.
‘The proceedings of that Congress are in preparation and will be
available shortly. ‘The parpose of the American Prison Assocta-
tion is to provide for the annual gathering of all persons im the
United States engaged in the study of erime and its treatment, for
igeussion and with a view toward stimulating and improving their
work, Its activities throughout the year are supervised mainly by
the General Secretary of the Prison Association of New York, snd
while the many duties represent an extra burden, nevertheless it is
held that the nation-wide contact which is afforded, together with
‘the opportunity to Keep in touch with developments in the various
States, redounds to the benefit of the Prison Association of New
‘York,
‘The work of the Association is divided as
Bureau follows: educational, supervisory, relief and
Activities. legislative. ‘The educational activities are dis-
charged through publicity for the improve.
ment of methods of dealing with the law-breakor in the form of
specially prepared newspaper and magazine articles, and the fre-
quent guiding of representatives of the press who come for reliable
information bearing upon erime and the administration of criminal
justice; also through public addresses before eity, State and
ational eonferences, clubs and other gatherings.
"The -Association has been active daring the year in arousing
business men to the need for their help in dealing with the many
problems relating to erime.
“ Tux Paisox Assoctamos ov New York
‘The supervisory activities of the Association embody inspection
of the penal and corre stitutions of the State, which is
possible through legislative authority held by the Association, Tu
this connection inspections have been made of some of the prisons,
jails and reformatories in the State, and particularly of the insti:
tutions of the New York City Department of Correction. ‘The
policy of the Association during the year has been to single out
particular needs for improvement and to work cooperatively’ with
the officials direetly responsible in an effort toward their fulfilment.
Probation and Parole are included in the supervisory: activities
of the Association,
‘Tho judges of the Court of General Sessions of New York County
referred 823 eases to the Probation Bureau of the Association
for investigation, on probation in the eustody
of the Association for the year wag 218 of which number only 28
failed to fulfill, to the knowledge of the Association, the require.
ments of their probation, A total of $4,114 was collected by our
Probation Bureau for rostitution and ‘the support of children
abandoned by their fathers. Tf the mon had heen sent to prison
the children would have become public charges. (See page 46.)
‘During the year there were in the parole custody of the Asso-
ciation 580 men and women, released from the State prisons of this
State and some from the Federal prisons. It is particularly grati.
fying to report that of the total uamber in enstody only 89 failed
to fulfill, to the knowledge of the Association, their parole req
ments. (See pages 49.)
"The relief work of the Association is far reaching, and ineludes
aid for the families of men in prison, persons released on proba-
‘tion and those released on parole from State prisons. oF discharged
from State prisons, Needed assistance of all kinds is given, rent,
food, clothing, cash, employment, medical attention, advice and
guidance.
During the year 1,480 ex-prisonors were interviewed. Of that
namber 1,115 applied for employment and jobe were found for
652. Free meal were provided to the number of 2,299, free lodg.
ing to the namber of 985, )
"The Famili
Sorat wie wate bb bine a Uae cee o Use caluper
people. At Thanksgiving 530 persons wore provided with a whole-
some dinner and at Christmas 580 persons. Also at Christmas
there was a huge tree, gaily decorated, and surrounded with an
abundance of toys, elothing and other gifts for the youngsters and
their mothers, To our many friends, who made this treat possible,
‘the Association extends its hearty thanks. (See page 54.)
Tian bd ting pet
isan es Se Ao
cpanel tp a i
Foreign
Visitors.
eae Fer nr of iy Ce pelo Ce ar
CHAPTER IT
PROBATION BUREAU
In the earlier pages of this report, and in previous reports, the
activities of the Association as the pioneer in the probation move
‘ment, and in probation work in this State, have been presented)
Similarly has been set forth the desire of the Association over a
period of seventeen yoars to bring about a city paid probation
bureau in the Court of General Sessions. has been accor.
plished, and at this writing a city paid staf is at work. How
ever, the discontinuanee of its probation work is by no means an
indication that the Association will cease to funetion in that Court
It purposes to continue its long standing interest in those who
come before the Court, and to cooperate with the judges and the
city paid probation staff in administering relief to the families of
those who are brought before the Court, and in arranging for legal
defense in worthy eases, and other reasonable needs,
AL the close of its probation work, the Association desires to
record its warm praise for the many years of service rendered
Mr. Daniel K. Kimball, its General Agent and probation repre-
sentative in the Court of General Sessions, For mare than forty-
two yeats Mr. Kimball has been an outstanding figare in the Court,
‘and is widely known as the dean of probation officers. He has been
thorough, faithful, patient, wisely sympathetic, impartial, and
understanding in the diseharge of his responsibilities.
On January 1, 1927, he eeased to be a member of the staff of the
Prison Association and became Deputy Chief Probation Ofleer of
the Court. The Association regrets his going, and wishes him
many years of continued usefulness in the work to which he has
unselfishly given the greater part of his life
relate to the probation activities of the
1926:
Cazes investigated for the jages of the Court of General
Sessions
Disposition of cases
Released on probation .. iain: TOO
Sontence suspended Spiers ‘ 80
Discharged ..-+.20t)cccssssscscsce : 60
Other disposition = ee a
82
17 nde aes whee vetgtion i ec y the Cour rine
Bley of tral Wy the defendant, tad thon ages where’ eon
withdraws,
tas
‘Pronazion BUREAU
(Continued from page 46)
‘Sentenced to State Prison
Sentenced to Penitentiary
Sentenced to Elmira
Sentenced t0 City Reformatory.
Sentenced to Gity Prison.
Sentenced 10 Workhouse
Sentenced to Napanoch,
Sentenced to Bedford Retormaiory
‘Adjudged insane =
rt of
seg investigated for the following. judges of the Court
Ce eared eh mumber Feeased them on Probation, oF
friven suspended sentences ica tii
Probation suspended
38 2
Soseph Matqueen
Morris Koenig
Hon, Chas. C. Nott
Camms or Punsons Wrose Casts Wann IvesmigaTep ny TH
Pronarion DePantaet
Felonies
Grand lareeny
Other felonies |
Misdemeanors
Petit lareeny - :
Assnatt, third: Gegro>
Unlawful entry
Other misdemeanors .
48 ‘Taw Puason Assoormon or New Yous
Office Work
Number on probation, December 31, 1925.
Received on probation to December 1, 1986.
Discharged with improvement
Discharged without improvement.
Arrested and sontenevd. ..-.-
Abseonded
On probation December 81, 1926.
Personal reports at offiee
‘Mail or telephone reports
Money received on account restitution...
Money received on account children's support
Total “$4114 00
CHAPTER IV
PAROLE BUREAU
Prison dissipline connotes also the parole system, eo
authough the period of pavole is peased by'the prisinee in qual
Therty outside of priton walls, che individual bs sil tachnleally a
prisoner and is under the tol of the priton authorttien. Parle
Sirs from probation in that parole means the period subsequent
dividuals prison life, while probation meas a period of
Spervised liberty allowed to a prisomer imstead of the serving of
a'prison sentence. In short, probation precedes the serving 8f 8
Prizm sontenee, while parole follows «prom sentence,
‘The parole poriod of any released prisoner fs of vital importance
to him'and to society. ‘The theory OF parole is that the prisoner
sould beotme gradually again accustomed to that liberty. which
is enjoyed by every law abiing citizen, and which was his before
iia peiton term.” Experience fas proved that during the parole
period there should be a caretul-and sympathete supervision of
te released prisoner, ‘This supervision varies with the individual
Prlamer, bur should, nevertheks,slvaye be conducted wonsitentiy
‘rth the best intrest of society, Tn other words parole without
Supervision is datyerous to tho interests of society” Parolo work
‘means visiting. prisoners tt. tele, Homes ‘and at thelr places of
tmplarment hen fei akong there are fortanees were teri
feation of a maan'e employment must be cautiously exercised.
‘Whenever neded Henly aie sty apd ia any in
stances our Chief Pavole OBleer, M.A, Le on, has been suseen-
Sain eecting friendly Swations Between Telensed prisoners td
their familie, thereby reestablishing the home and making for &
new day for bum, wife and eildzen
"The Parole Bureau works in close cooperation with our Bmploy-
ment Bureau, and we are therefore able to place in employment
any of those paroled fo the Association, Clothing, lodging, food,
tnd other necemtios are provided when necemary. The Associa
tion does not make it loo eaey for men released from priaon but,
on the other hand, attempts to. deal with auch men Simiy and
‘mpathetically: nd ina way that will give thes & fair chance
{hvrersabtih themselves satisectorily in the commnnaity
Im other parts of this report the parole system of the State is
touched upon at longth, but at this print iti desired o bring out
thatthe euperviston of men telensed from: prison is 2 serious and
Important responsibility and’ tas been earried on bythe Atwoel
tion since its beginning, and Tong before there wae euscted. an
Indeterminate sentence and_parcle law in this Site. ‘The Prison
Astocition is the pioneer organization for the eare of released
prisoners in the St
50 ‘Tae Pison Associamon or New Yor
ce by our para
monthly for peed
the lfosts of our
motion ju his work hy
In’ which he anade wer
change from the Paral
<You on key Now thank Tam to
ia
abd Wolt eentinne
rough for what you dl for me
Sincerely you
S.C. At the time this man was released on parole, he appeared
to be one of the least promising eases which came under our
supervision. His record indicated that he was somewhat defent
toward the authorities who had eonvieted him, and that he hed
ised unfair means to secure funds from sympathetic people during
his imprisonment. to our supervision at his home and
twas taken in him by a friend of
role period his ideas ehanged to
During the
-d on suspicion
"oughkeepsie. He was cleared of
the man who had committed the
grime was arrested and confessed his guilt He secured noctiog
job and made good until he received his final discharge, ‘Recest
information shows that he ig doing well
£8. conducted himself in a most satisfactory manner during
his period of parole. “He changed his employment but once Hi
attitude and conduol at all times have been courteous and satis
factory. The following letter which he wrote after he received he
discharge from parole, is indicative of his appreciation of the
‘treatment which was given him.
Hie cam cote the parole
ave met needed.
: : iy ome
Panous Bureau a1
a firm which
MG. Employment was soeurd for this man with a Seat which
assisted the Association in his supervision. His employer wrote ts
as follows?
fr. G. in our bookkeeper and as full control ofl our aoeount,
s.rufnible penton tha opportunity tr advances to te ight
pte ery said
‘Very truly yours, Se een
Atter discharge from parole, the following letter was received
him
: ‘
1 3t, Hows —At the ime yon intariewed me at Clingon,aceptng md
ia Tad torn dowd ne tp nyt
ee ‘ish 1 hal Yourped the
in ilfe, but I was too young, concuied and foolish to Hieten to
in ever berst any atsietance 40 you, Mr. Bohn, please do not hesitate
toleall'pon me. ‘Thanking. you for the meny Kind wid courteous favors you
Nive extended to me, Ta ects eee
MG.
a, When thie yong colored gi] was released parole she
wan deaitul ead ‘witnod: Eoin’ Throtgh the cons of the
tuolaton, employment was soured for her ithe private fai
Sat ancy Seat Tiree het is fag. clotlag Bee tan wore
‘Mert td hal ened he eomhdene of her employer Our
Parole Omees who cals fo see Mie two or three ue a mouth,
fell us that {Be ineresting 0 atsh bow the Joong gil iv teng
tole down ber titan.
Panoue Seams
January 1, 1926 to December 31, 1926.
Men on parole January 1, 1926.0... ve ot
Women on parole January 1, 192
Total .
ived on pat
ing 1926:
from State prisons of New York
‘Tur Prison Assocation or New York Parone Buxeav
Indeterminate Determinate ‘Visits by parole ofleers:
‘Bentonsr” Sextonoe "To men om parole.
Sing, Sing Ei ‘To women on parole
Great Blesdow... 2...
Clinton 4
Auburn ‘(inen))
‘Auburn (omen) ‘Tombs Gity, Prison...
Police, Headquarters.
Brooklyn City Prison.
, Queens City Prison...
Bronx County Je :
Discharged from parole: Hudson County Jail...
mite Sing, Sing Prion
ee age SS ty Great Meadow Prison
Wornen | 3
Declared dlinguent:
(09 rearrested
“appentely ess a7
Women»
‘Total number on parole during year.
‘en ‘Som
yea
Namber on ‘pari "December Bi, Yee
M
Men
Women:
‘Total
‘During the year, cooperation was given in the care
ind supervision of prisoners from the follow-
ing institutions: te
Institution for defective datinquents, Napanceb,
‘New York
San Quontin ‘Prison, California. - :
Federal Prison, Atlanta, Ga. :
Massachusetts Reformatory, Concord, Mass
State Prison, Charlestown, Dass
Tndiana Retormatory, Pendleton, Tad.
Total .oe.-+.---
Diseharged from parole
Declared delinquent.
‘Total number on parole rom institutions in other
‘States December 31, 1926
CHAPTER V
RELIEF BUREAU
“stand by" a family, or
p. The erucial ime for 8
of unfortunate
(Of course there are more prisoners” familie in need than
Mescan ep, oF than appeal to us, but we Nelp 30 far as our
appealing to us.
is work possible,
wg with sympathy, demand:
‘his absurdly small amount dismisses ae omee ae
ot the paymone from the earnings of preset
am amount toward the support of his dependents, oTheee enact
vision of law, which isin operation in some soutien ote ee
hereby the children of « etn, who iy serving a sevten chit
Years or more, ean be provided forat the eapeate et coe
While this to &dexree heps those wi come wikis they,
of tho Tam, it nevertnlam does not wholly satiety the eat
taany’of these families, and, furthermore dts gor macane tee
hulk of the dependent families, the breadwinner of wings
serving a sentence of Teas than fi
‘Association is often cal
Mrs. W's Insand vas sunt to prison for a long term for mz
slaughter, “There were five ehildten in the family: tro oon
and three of school age. The oldest, « gir, whe ue the mare
apport of the house: fete home at ae tsar Pee ga he ain
hocause of the disgrace, “A son, who worked but lite seasey ¢
do anything to help his mother.” "When Mes We eed eve
sociation, she asked 3f we could dp something about pice es
at her children in institutions: "This we succeeded te dae oo we
164)
Rewer Bureau 5
other child was placed in the care of a family. ‘The mother secured
employment ina factory, and out of her wages and what she
received from the Prison Association every month, she was able to
pay rent and buy the food she needed.
hrs. GA girl of sixteen years of age met and married an
Italian many years her senior.” After five years of married life he
egam to abuse hier, and went so far as to threaten the lives of the
children, He was the leader of @ “gang” and finally got into
trouble, was arrested and sent to prison. The woman is delicate
and from the treatment given her by her husband she has become
mentally deranged. Her mother, although poor, is looking after
the children, and is also caring for her daughter. She asked the
Prison Assoeiation to help her so that, she could buy the proper
poarishment for the young Woman. We have arranged to send
mille every day, and at the end of each month & certain amount is,
siven for food and clothing.
Mrs. M. This young woman married against the wishes of her
family. Her husband did not support his wife and children, and
spent’ most of his time with a notorions ‘‘gang’” from the lower
fast side. She pleaded with him to give up his questionable com-
panions and go to work. ‘This he would not do. "He was arrested
‘andl sent t9 prison for twenty years. The wife was left with the
responsibility of two boys. She got employment bnt each time was
discharged when it becatne known that her husband was in prison,
‘A dispossess from her home was pending and grocery and light
bills were coming in. A representative from this office called on
the landlord and settled the matter of the dispassoss. Necessary
funds were provided to pay all debts, and the matter was taken up
with the Board of Child Welfare, which, after long investigation,
granted Mra, M. @ monthly allowance for the children. During
the Investigation, the Association paid the rent, and seetired home
work for her
‘Mts. H, a widow with four sons, ‘Three of them are in prison.
When her husband was alive, she had a comfortable home, bat
when she had to depend on her sons sho was left destitute. " The
ouly boy at home is a child of eleven years. The mother works in
ity elub but he '¥ 8 not suficient to pay rent, buy food
Sho asked if the Prison Atsocin-
tion would give her an allowanee each month which would enable
her to clothe the child during his school period. We have been
siving ten dollars a month, and in addition money for food.
Mrs. K's husband way arrested and sent to prison. She had 9
small apartment, and it was her desire to keep the home 90 that
she could have her four children with her. ‘The little she earned
was not sufficient to pay rent and other expenses. The rent was
‘ue and the landlord served her with a dispossess, ‘Through &
social serviee bureau she was roferred to this office, A visit was
made to the landlord by one of our representatives and he agreed
to acoept twenty dollars on the amount of rent due and withdraw
‘the dispossess. We have been giving this woman an allowance
56 Tus Panow Aswetsion o New Y:
each mouth, which hel
‘enables hor to have a home
Mrs 8 nen
was that of Mi
bocame involved
@ Tong term in prison,
@ factory. Three of t
but nevertheless
money to meet al
earned that we
It gave her ere
would pay her rent each mon
eat elit when
h month. Met vhia' ag
Staniomes ror Recier Buneay
Fonuary 1, 1926,
of families care
T care Jannary. i
Ived during 19: : tee
‘Total nuzaber
Bamitios unde
December, 28
Families recei 2
for in 1926
1926.
Old ates reopened in Hog” 3
ee
ae a eg 108 2
TH ft et at
Number of men interviewed by |
twelve months’ peri tte.
“set ontie neve
*o
Wome Bie ia
Mis. Hore dining te
at the peniientiny on Wee
sid and Sing Sing Peay
spitals for general’ examina
; toys were given
wen referred to the Board ‘6 i
mean err, the, Board ‘of Child’ Woitars
Sthte iene? owances for their ehildren undo he
CHAPTER VI
EMPLOYMENT BUREAU
One of the greatest needs which eontronts «-man upon bis release
{rom prigoa is that of securing suitable and remunerative employ
ment. ‘The necessity of this is recognized by prison authorities
ind parole hoards t0 seh an extent that applicants for parole are
ually required to have a certified offer of employment. before
Tier case wil be Sally considered for parole, Our Employment
Bureau is often requested to assist mon, about to be paroled from
institutions of this Stato and other States, in obtaining employ-
ment.
“Many men, however, sich as those releasod following the serving
af sentences in jworkouses oF jails, are not under the supervision
of parole bodies. ‘These men frequently are committed for petty
ftfenses and are often without friends upon whom they can rely
for support, oF savings which will supply the nocessities of life
until sueh time as they can ro-adjust themselves in the community.
These men are in need of immediate employment, Tf this emnnot
be had at hospitals, hotels or private institutions whieh will furnish
living quarters, as part of the wage, its necessary that our Burex,
advanee to these men the means by which they can be “held over"”
until they receive their first pay. ‘This need is met by giving
Tadging and meal tickets oF cash assistance
‘Gne.of the greatest handicaps to he avereome by the men coming
out of prison fe « mental state whieh has bean developed duving the
period of confinement in whieh the inmate ‘has
‘lotermining responsibilities.
orders as to his daily life and has had the nevessities of life sup
plied to him without any special effort on his part. Before he
tan take his place again in the economic eizele outside of prison
he must become reaequainted with the kind of employment. to
which he was aceustomed previous to his incareeration. Fre-
quently these men find thet their former friends or employers
have turned against them. A sympathetic talk with the director
of our bureaa, Mr. Joseph B. Dayton, will often ascist such men
jin regaining self assurance and eonfidenee and enable them to
e ig that of a young Italian boy who had
served year’s sentence in New York City Reformatory. He was
placed on parole in the regalar manner to the municipal parcle
offeers. "But during his period of incarceration he had developed
a mental state which led him to avoid the family with whom he
liad previously lived and the industry at which he had formerly
teen ‘employed. As he was in need of the usual immediate em-
ten)
‘Tue Puisox Ascoctanios or New Youk
ployment, with board and room, he accepted an offer to be sent to
a railroad camp for track work. His physical condition, how-
ever, vas such that he was unable to endure the hardships of this
Work and the living conditions at the camp. After about. three
months, ducing which time he had suffered from sickness, he
applied to our Bureau for assistance, He was advised to return
to the home of the people with whom he had formerly lived ani
attempt to seoure again the position which he hed held in the
shoe industry. He acted upon this advice and the following day
Feturned to the office and reported that he had met with succes
in securing a position and had been taken back as a boarder by
the family, ‘This case is typical of many which come to our
attention. A sympathetic interview will aften do more for wen
‘of this type than will financial assistance,
Professional men and those who have held positions of conti
‘ence and responsibility. previous to their being sentenced to prison
often have difficulty in readjusting themselves to civilian life.
‘During the year disbarred attorneys amd medical doctors who
hhave lost their right to practice have come to the attention of
‘our bureau for readjustment. Men who formerly occupied posi
tions of trust requiring a bond are invariably refused this pro
tection by surety companies following the serving of an institw
tional sentence, Persons who formerly earned their livelihood as
chauffeurs or taxi cab drivers, are refused licenses to continue in
this oceupation, for several mouths following their release, ‘There-
fore, it is necessary to aid these men to become adjusted in other
forms of employment in which they have lad little or no experience
Teis true that many eustodial and penal institutions have trad:
schools or industries in which inmates reeeive instruction during
fi But the conditions under whieh
industry is quite different from that
existing in the trade schools of these institutions, If these men
are successful in obteining @ start in a trade whieh they have
earned in an justitution, they are obliged to commence at a lower
wage than that paid to experienced men until such time as their
skill has increased,
Many large industrics are averse to taking men into their
employ who have served prison sentences. This aversion may
have heen caused by a previous experience which they had in
attempting to assist such men whom they were not able to fit into
their industrial organization. Often, however, it is the result of
a poliey whieh has been adopted by the industry. The
of our bureau spent a whole day trying to place e young man
from one of our State reformatories with one of the largest public
utility companies of our city. After being courteously received
by several men in charge of employment in various departments
of the organization he was referred to the head man. He was
informed by this man that it wonld be impossible for the company
to employ any man whose record would not bear the closest. pos
sible investigation. He was told, further, that if such a man
Ewrrovaest Bunrau 59
ere employed and at any time committed a questionable act
Sie fn the employ of the Company, the board of directors would
Thi’ without Tenieney with the man responsible for his employ-
et
Mahe usual practice of commercial employment bureats £0
collisions conan type of postion for which they attempt to
Beeapalicants, Ac the mon who compose the population of our
‘ Ait tppen af industria positions from the lowest
that re eng in clwe toch with other
i ffourhhesn contacts men
hay been our practice to
fees Sennen where the
i prreen te henie heat see an
ssa Se tt gna ce
Srarisrics Por THE Earroywent BuReav
Tanuary 1, 1926 to December 31, 1926
Total number of men interviewed «0 s..+
Total number of men who applied for jobs:
Total number of men placed in jobs......-
Total number of meals provided.
‘Total number of lodgings provided.
Total number receiving clothing
CHAPTER VII
LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITIES
Lan epbeaing what as cosiened by fi Law
slation, and’ in supporting good. legislation
While the Association has never attempted t0'eondone erie, of
to make it easy for the offender, st, novertholos, during the seaion,
used its best efforts to defeat many pieces of legislation which were
‘holly retetionary, and which wave Intended only to appease publ
alarm on the eritie stwation. In opposing, sich legelation, toe
Amociation kept clearly before it the attitude oF the public asta
and legislative action in sitar periods
The polley assured bythe Assocation, therefore, was fo adhere
to sound principles, and to snaintaia methods ana systems thet
tne led own to be eazonabie and eftetive, Tor tangle, i
reply to the elanor for the abolition 0! the indaterminste, sem
fence and parole, the Association stendfastly held to i belief that
the indeterminate sentence, and ita complement, parole, are sot
4m theory, and do not give tho bet resulta becuupe of inaten sie
Provision by the Stato and poor administration, ‘Thesefore,iteod
F joining with those who Zavored the abotiton of the sadetern
ate sentence and parole the Association worked for the sire
ing, and otherwis
appearing for. parle
rd this as @ serious requirement,
od that the conta intended that
‘ost prisoners should be released st the expiration of the minim
Sentence, regardless of other tn
tenes, and, most
jaximum of public
‘As/in previois years, the Assocation functioned through its
Law Coniitiee and « reprewntative in Albany. Ail ile seated
ty the Associaion were approved hy the Heeative Committee a
aivice of the Law Committeo and the Ancociation’s opmeteal
Gsapproval of other bills was registered wits the leslattoe Bile
Of suficient importance, requiring aelive supper Se setve ope
7m, Were So ealt with throug tho roprematatve oF the os
ciation in Albany, either with individual members ‘of the Legisla.
001
Lromtarree Acrvmres 6
‘ture, oF at the time of committe meetings. In instanees where
opposition failed through contact with individual members of the
Legislature, or at the time of committee meetings, it was carried
on to the Governor.
‘The yearly appearance of the Association in Albany in legislative
matters has developed an earnest recognition of the views and
Tecommendations of the Association, with the result that frequently
the Association is asked for advieo prior to the introdnotion of
bills, or while bills are before the TLgislature, by members of the
Legislature.
Following its practice, the Association enlisted the friendly’ and
active cooperation of various Slate departments, such as the Prison
Department, the State Commission of Prisons, the State Probation
Commission, the State Hospital Commission, the Attorney-
General's office, and others, and of bodies outside of legislative
elreles, such as the State Charities Aid Association ; the New York
Board of Trade and Transportation; the National Committee for
Montal Hygiene; the Catholic Charities of New York; the Com.
‘mittee on Criminal Courts of the Charity Organization Society ;
Uwe Committee on Criminal Courts, Taw, and Procedure of the
Association of the Bar of the City of New York; the Jewelers’
Protuetive Union ; the Legislative Service Bureau of the Merchants”
Association; the’ Broadway Association ; the Safety Committee,
Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce; the Pigth Avenue Association
the Social Service Commission of the Protestant Hpiseopal Diocese
of New York; the Commission on the Chureh and Sogial Service
of the Federal Couneil of the Churches of Christ in America; the
Department of Christian Social Serviee of the National Council,
Protestant Episcopal Church; the Women’s Prison Association :
the Department of Publie Welfare of the City of New Yori; the
Now York City Department of Corre "
of New York.
Uional Civie Federation; the Society for the Prevention of Crime;
the Child Welfare League of America, and others. This coopera”
tion has been of invstimable value in the work of the Association,
appreciation of
the helpful eoope
ing, Caleb H. Boumes, Thomas C.
and of Assemblymen’ Simon L. Adler, ‘Maurice Bloch, Eberly
Hutchinson, Milan. Goodrich, amd Frederick L. Hackenbura.
‘dill which deserves special mention, becanse of the persistent
effovts to repeal the amendment made at the request of the Associa-
Yon in 1924, was Senate Int, No. 963, by Mr, Higgins, Assembly
Int, No, 1952, by Mr. Bvans.” The purpose of the bill was to make
permissive, instead of mandatory, the transfer of alleged insane
persons from prisons to hospitals in the Greater City. The bill
changed the word ‘‘shall’” to “‘may,”” and if it had been passed
‘would have restored the medical lewal patronage system which
existed in Kings County for many years prior to 1924. As stated
Tre Prisox Association or New York
in our previons reports, the cost of this system, which consists of
the appointment of examiners in lunaey, is estimated by competent
authorities at $20,000 a year, which can be saved if alleged insane
prisoners are transferred from jails to the psyehopathie wards of
ity hospitals. ‘The opposition eomes from Kings County, and is
due to the unwillingness of the judges to commit alleged or
suspected insane persons to the psyehopathie ward of the Kings
County Hospital. Various objections are raised by the Judges,
Dut back of these objections is their dislike to give up what
ig probably the one remaining means of patronage In New
York County, and likewise in Bronx County, eases steh as those
referred to above are sent to the psychopathic ward at Bellevue
Hospital, where there is available a staf of competent, highly
experiended, ‘and trained psyeblatrsts and psychologists to pes
judgment on the mental condition of the prisoner. removal
af such prisoners from the New York City Tombs, or the Bronx
County Jail, to the psychopathic ward at Bellevuo makes for their
more humane and inielligent treatment, and further talkes them
ut of institutions that are not equipped to properly house them,
fand onables those institutions to be free of persons whose conduet
is upsetting to the daily routine.
‘The attempt to repeal the mandatory language has been tried
each year sinco its adoption, and with inereasing shrewdness and
Force”. Thanks to the cooperation of the State Hospital Commis.
sion, through its Chairman, Dr. C, Floyd Haviland, and the State
Commission of Prisons, through its Seeretary, Mr) John F. Tre
main, the efforts of the Association to defeat ihe change in the lav
have been suceessful
For a detailed statement on the organization of the State De-
partment of Correction, and also on the so-called Baumes laws,
fee pages 69 and 71
"The following hills were considered by the Law Committee dur
ing the 1926 session of the Legislature:
DLs WHIOH WERE INITIATED BY THIB Association
“ieee ton PE Na i ye et
‘Senate Tat. No, 212, Pr. No, 215, by Bt Brows.
ram the Penal Ta, freon fran of tpn
sign fesmoevaaed by “Leplature: Signed by Governor. Chaplet
‘mite bil repuires that the minimum period to te served fn State prison
shall be one Jen"
“Assembly Int. No. 166, Pe. No. 1009, by Mr. Goodrich.
‘Senate Tat. No, 875, Pr. No. 1908, by Mr. Brows.
‘fo sera tae Bris Jaf elation to pazules and commutation —
ataed by Legislature,” Signed as.
pearing for parole, and removes
Tenown aa compensation, whit worked ly t0'the benefit of
Learstariva Aorvmies 6
steond gr mora frequent ofendore, and provides. that instead «time eredit
io in‘
ro Tho ‘atlowance df such commutation
Specs apn good conte Sod he eset and sing pooner of
Senate Tat, No, 749, Pr. No, $16, by Me. Brown.
pendedeiee olen ye gee
of he
esrowaing,elasnfca ion and nepraci
imuate"Sisad hy Goveae™* Gibbens foes i
sate Int, Mo, 104%, Pr. No, 1160, by Mr, Howitt
Assembly Int, o, 1698, Pr. No. 1967, by Mr. Goodrich.
“Authoring the creation of a State debt, azd making an approprati
sot eon ign a bingy Sing Sig Penge "Ou, Ne
Sn, pasted by erat ft by Governor. “Chapter 294, Laws
white the Prison Asrclation i nota hae cs dra tag
evetetees, been active in urging Upon the legisitive budget maiire that
[tis ie'mdde available for the onstruction Gf neoseary ll. Unildinge at
Bing Sing.
Smoate Tat, No 1885, Dr, No. 1908
Assembly Int, No, 1045, Pr. No, £912, by Committee om Reorganization of
‘State Departments
To amend the State Departments Jaw by prcviding for g department
Toye eetan Rngtions of the Sate gover:
Sen permet ts Sete He ine Ganeetaton ase vy Leite
jae 608, Law of
ig be al it drawn, Deon it
“pes ema
sce in sage c
Suction i he rpeatin of te eat Deparment of Correction ede
‘ ‘ufay such, department fs anal reports foto
Uegllatufe far more Cha twenty ats years
‘coat thine, but. If Be
ire fi utc f ie alia santecy hat
aumutetlon not to exseed five daya for eack month.
6 ‘Tam Puigon Association or New Yous
Assembly Int. No, 1848, Pr, No. 2286, by Mr. Davis,
‘Senate Int, No. 1473, Pr. No, 1899, by Rules Committee,
uthnraing th creation of Slate ht and akg aproptation
tidn of land for the Stats inuttation for Defective Delinquents
sf nisyanoch, Nev ore-—Bassel by Lepialstuse, Signed by Gove
Ghapter 986, Taws of 1826,
Assembly Tat, 1792, Pr. No, 2065, by Mr. Livingston.
‘Senate Int. No. 1680, Ps. No, 1896, by Mr, Russel.
Amend the Penal Lav, ta relation to. the penalty for recaving
fod by ‘Lepielature. Signed ‘by Governor. Chay
Xeown ag the “ence” bill, and han as its parpore th
increating of the pinishment for thowe who receive stolen property
Senate fat, No. 1991, Pr, No, 1559, by Mr, Antin
“o amen the Inferior Crlmlaal Corte Act of the Cty of New York
{in uelution to imposition of sentoncen--Basted by ‘Legislature, Signed
By “Governor” Ghapler 04, Laws of i
Assembly Int. No, 1966, Pr. No. 1607, by Mr. Davison
Senate Int, No. 996, Pr. No, 1122, by Mr. Knight
To ot mission to examine
appropriation. thecefoe =
BILLS INTRODUCED BY THE JOINT LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE 0:
"Sul COORDINATION OF CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PRACTICE ACTS
AND APPROVED BY PRISON ASSOCIATION LAW COMMITTED
Senate Int. No. 1163, Pr. No. 1864,
Assembly Int, Mo, 1608, Pr. No, 2576
"Tp amend the Praon Lav in elation tothe acing, ling ond ws
tho ‘wrimianla Passed by ‘Legislature. ‘Signed by
‘chapter 702, Lawe of 1026,
min Rastation Yas aleaysepdcevored io improve the procedure of gah
sod crtcnigIoknaion renting fo erne ont rial, be
SBE ainust Report of the Associnton fo the Legisatne: (pages 109 to 133)
{ave ntarentng?eata on the State and New ‘ore City situation
Senate Int. No. 1168, Pr. No, 1636.
Assombly Tat, No. 1620, Pr. Wo. 1829.
“a aren the cide cron yrogere i eaton tol Pane
igual hy Goveraot=-chapter 419, Lave
ts a8.
sre Gmnditions netesttatng tis Iegslaion are toudhed upon ta-our 192
report to the Legislature, page 28,
Senate Int. No, 1168, Pr. No. 1947
Assembly Int. No, 1682, Pr. No. 1825,
‘To amend te Infesie Court Ac of he ity of New, York, latin
ai ~y ipted by GovernorChapter 421, Lawe
rion orwmtatng ts eation ae towed pon in ou 985
rope fo the Lagiistare, Pl
Leoranvs Aor
Senate Int. No, 116%, Pr, o, 1762
Assembly Int, No, 1608, Pr, No, 2190
en the Heal In elas fo geond and exbagnent ern
and’ hele reaentinenig- Passed by Leginiavare, "Signed by.
Chaplet 4s aes of ae, : :
‘The aed of sich legislation was set forth in our report for Hhe year 1025
(age AI), submitted fo the Lapitatune Jansnry 16, 1096 2
‘Senate Int, No, 1188, Pr. No. 1849,
Code of Ccimtonl rowed, tn ration co Courts of
‘special Gesstons inthe City ‘ot ‘New ‘heir Suciadiction andthe
actice gherein’ Passed by’ Legislature, ‘Signed by Governor, Chapter
Fats Uaws of 1026, 7 =
Sonate Int, No, 1169, Pr, No, 1876
Assembly Int. No, 1804, Pr, No, 2987
"To amend the Penal Taw, in elation to the com
wile rized with «pistol of ots dangercny weap
Inture:“Signed by" Governor, ‘Chapter 900, Lays of 028;
Senate Int, Ne. 1170, Pr. No. 1605,
Assembly Tat, Bo, 1618, Pr. No. 2244
‘To amend he Cae of Criminal Procedure, n ation to, sezacae tne
of defendants foluity Indicted y Lepaiatuve. Sigued
‘Chapter 461, Laws ot 30
Senate Int, No. 1171, Pr. No, 1888,
Asseaibly Ant, No, 1617, Pr. No. 1620,
“To aiend the Cfo of Criminal Prone, in elation tothe making
‘of © tlie statement on application for bull-“Defet
‘i conditions neteantatag the ngielation ae Couche ‘pen in our 1826.
report fo'the Taglalotare, page
Senate Int, Mo, 1172, Pe, Wo, 1363.
ey Its Me, tt, Pe Me ie
amend the Cute of Criminal Prove relation tothe tine
within witch an appeal ast be Sakon by Legislature. Sigaed
‘by Governor, “Chapter 416, Laws of 1096
Seaate Int, No. 1175, Pr. No. 1638.
Assembly Int. No. 1616, Pr. No. 1819,
"Zo aiuend the Code of Criminal Procedure, relative to the subpoena of
swilgeanes to testify in ertninal actions pending in any state or country
Vontering op this Slate Passed by Legsiatre, Sipned’ ty’ Governed,
Chapter 415, Laws of 1826.
Sanate Tat, No, 1179, Pr. No, 1360,
senbiy Ha No, Tee, Pro, am,
nent the Cae of Criminal Proce, in relation to the opning
sdsece on the tial ofthe defendune-Bassed. by ‘Legislature, Signed
‘by Goreraor. ‘Chapter 417, Laws of 1026,
Senate Int, No. 1180, Pr, No. 1961,
Asaembly Int, No, 1600, Px. No. 1612,
"To amend the Code of Criminal Procadure, in relation to the defendant
at wltnese.— Defeat
66 Tux Paisox Association oF New York
Assembly Int. Wo. 1606, Pr, No, 2999,
[Senate Int. No. 1183, Pr. No, 1998
‘To amend the Prison Law, in relation to the furnishing of a statement
af facta wen Spolcuin i'ma to the Governor or madon
{Esl ronete-“Patsed by Legitatare. "Signed by Sbverme
ter soi, Lawe of a eae
Assembly Int. No, 1762, Pr, No, 2941,
Senate Int, No. 1868, Pe. No. 1818
Fo amend the Cie of Criminal Prowedure, in relation to apneat
assed by Logslature. Signed by Governor. ‘Chapter 405, Laws of 1036
Senate Int, Mo. 1401, Pr. No. 1766.
‘Aswerabiy Unt, No, 1788, Pr. No, 2200.
tll Passed by *rSeislature, Signed By Governor, "Chapter 416, Laws
1988 Ks ‘e
rhe colons necessitating this legalation are touched upon in our 2025,
Report’ tn the Lagisiatere, page 28
Senate Int. No. 1402, Pr, No. 1652,
Assembly Pr. Wo. 2576
ro amend the Prison Law, in relation to indeterminate sentences —
‘oumutation, “Where © prisauer iz hell afve the expita
fa he may arn a Tedvedion oo his Mastauuin oettende a
{he'sate of five days a month
‘The Association also approved the following bills whieh were not
among those introdueed by the Committee on the Coordination of
Giwil and Criminal Practice Acts:
Assembly Int, No, 660, Pr. No. 688, by Mr. Goodrich,
Senate Tot, No. 478, Pr. No, 764, by Me, Brown,
‘tamend the Inferior Criminal Courts Act ofthe ity of New York
fn velation to supervision of segregated. prisoners: Defeat
0, 494, Pr. No. 497, by Mr. Whitcomb.
Passed by Legislature. Signed by Governor. Chapter 149, Laws of 1036,
Assembly Int. No. 106, Pr. No. 100, by 3r. Goodrich
Pr. No,
‘ode of Griinal Proradure, in relation to bail—De-
ts
sion necting (sition ae tne pon nou 8
report to" the Lngaint
‘Assembly Int. No, 528, 562, by Mr. Goodrich
Sonate Into, is, rN. 383, by Me. Bivwn,
‘To amend the Prison Lav, in relation to dutioe of physicians In
county’ ails Defeated
Senate Tot, No, 969, Pr. No, 1119, by Mr, Sheridan.
Assembly Pe. No, 2257,
o end he Penal Lai elation to ert of treatment of wayne
caused by frearmas-Dassed by Legislature, Signed by Governar, "Chap
fer 606, Laws of 1026,
Lmortamive AcrIviries
Assembly Int, No, 86, Pr. No, 1409, by Mr. Goodrich.
Senate Int, No, 876, Pr. No, $88, by Mr, Brown.
"To amend the County Taw, in relation to the appointment of matron
jn county fale, nd defining’ thelr ducien-Deteatea.
Assembly Tot. No, 391, Pr. No. $92, by Mr. Dineen.
Senate Unt. No, 88, Pr, No, 28, by Mr. Love
"To amed the Prison Tae, in elation to the disposition of ebildren
born in prison —-Dafested, a
us oPPOstD wy Tie LAW cONOHTTEE
16a, Pr, That 1945, by Committee on Coordination of Clit
Aner nt, 108, Pr
BY Amoat ihe Ce “ot Chimtonl Prosedrey in
Pease by aglantase. Signed tp" Geverion” hapter 48, hae of
ions.
Diaappegved by Law Committee of Briton Avsocintion, and by Commitice on
corminel Courts ef Bar Aesointion. Regnéded as unnecessary
Sonate Int. No, 969, Pr. No, 1098, by Mr, Higgins
‘eeembly Int. No, 1952, Pr, No, 1493, by Mr. Evans,
‘To amend the Cale of Criminal Progen Teaton to proceedings
‘phe Prion Aesotation was mort active in oppenition to thls BIT (gee page
td hn spn fhe flowing ie Gomme op Compal
ocedve of th huseta io of hy
Hygiones. the Department of
pease Soarie caaen gate Sars et
“funtesion af the Protestant Episcopal Diowsse of Xe
ee eee cn: the Wapents Ci Clubs the Department of Core
fons Now York Cty, ahd Br. Clinton P. McCord of Albany
‘Asvembly Int, No, 210, Pr, No, 210, by ate, Cuvier,
"Tejamand ie Sesion Coal Cnet AGE 9 he City of New York
Asomy Its No, 207, Drs No. 207, by Me. Cur
Wf the Inferior Criminal Cooets Act of the City of Now York,
in Toecign to tn Cassin of the pudges of the Cort of Special Soeions—
Defeated.
Assembly Tnt. No, 449, Pr. No, 450, by Mr. Bers
"Te among the Donal Lave, im relation to the punishment for murder —
Defeated
Assembly Into, 870 Br Ne, 106, by Me Fay.
mand the Pricon Ta, in relation to commutation of sentences of
prisoners hereafter coutned a's State prison or penitentiary.—Defeat
ray nt Mo. 7, Pr Mo 708, by Me, Tat
To, amand the Penal Taw, im relation to incompetent, persoms.—De-
featea
68 ‘Tue Pmisow Assoctanioy or Naw York
Assembly Tat, No, 101, Pr. No. 101, by Me. Goodrich
Sete Tn. No 4 Fr. No, £1, by Be. Brown
ad the Papal Lay in relation te adjudying a
abit cris Based iceaieinaiaaial.
Asn Jat Ne, 1h, Px No, 1046 by Me, marae
the extension
ison at Comatork, in the toa of
wis entirely tnsirnmental in defoting tse i
loa pit nd on‘ Rata’ he it
ia
Senate Tat. No. 1187, Pe. No, 1899, by Me. Brown,
Byte ae Deptt of Covretion
urges defing its powers and dude ‘an aprapiation for
yein dening sand making am appear
vrais bile
Aaembly Int. No, 747, Br. No, 776, by Br, Doyte.
To amend the Pena Lav, in relation to th
of firearms Defeated,
CHAPTER VII
“LEGISLATION IN 1926 WITH RESPECT TO THE
PREVENTION OF CRIME
‘The requirements of the recont constitutional ‘amendment re-
organizing the State goveroment and consolidating the State de.
partments, in so far as they relate to some of the correctional
machinery in the State, are perhaps not generally mown in detail.
‘Therefore, a brief statement leading up to the establishment of
Sate Department of Corzetton, and the merging of other agencies
into the department, is set forth below.
“The organization of a State Department of Correction was urged
moze than twenty years ago. Central control of some of the
‘nstodial and penal institutions of the State was urged for decades
Tefore the term “department. of correction’® was used. ‘Tho
amendmont consolidating the State departments originated in the
‘constitutional convention of 1915 in a form considerably different
from the one in which it was finally passed. After the defeat of
the new constitution nothing was done in a large way until Gov-
emnor Smith, in 1919, appomted the Reconsteuetion Commission
to study the seatiered and top heavy organization of the existing
Stale goverument. ‘The Reconstruction Commission made an ex:
haustive investigation of the defects in the existing structure of
the state government, and recommended a complete change. One
‘of the three reoommendations was a constitutional amendment
providing for the consolidation of the departments, ‘This amend:
Inent aud the other two, were repeatedly introduced in the Legis-
Iniare from 1920 on, The ruorganization amendment, consolidat-
the departments, was approved by the people in the fall of
In Keeping with the constitutional requirements the 1926
ature passed the necwsary legislation fer the new structure
of departmental State goveroment.
Beginning January, there will be eighteen eivil depart
ments in the state government, one of which will be a State
Department of Correction, which will be headed by a commissioner
of correction, to be appointed by the Governor by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, and to hold offiee until the end
of the term of the governor by whom he was appointed. However,
the law also provides that, the present superintendent of State
prisons shall be the commissioner of correction, and shall hold
office vintil the expiration of his present term. "This latter pro-
10 apply to all the existing heads of departments.
Dyopared by E.R, Cans, and reed at the New York State Conference of
carter saan af Bao, New York, November 7, a
hunanioes vote of the Conference, ofdered printed for Immedinie siatsibation
(o91
0 ‘Tum Prison Assocumoy or New Your
__The commissioner of eorreotion will be charged with the admin.
istration of the affairs of the Department of Correction, and will
of Prison Industries; a
Probation. The commissioner vill have two assistants, to be ap-
‘pointed by him, one of whom will be designated as the first assist-
ant commissioner, and the other, the second assistant commissioner,
‘The frst assistant commissioner is to be the deputy commissioner
of correction, and is to be head of the Division of Administration,
‘Tho seeond assistant commissioner is to be the head of the Division
of Prison Industries. ‘The Division of Parole is to be headed by
the Board of Parole for State Prisons, However, it is providet
that the commissioner of correction, with the approval of th
Governor, may abolish such Board and eatablish in its place such
other board or boards, or such procedure,
‘as now provided by
law, except that the state commission of eorreetion,is to designate
one of its own members to be a member of the State Probation
Commission in Tie of a, member formerly designated as such by
the State Commission of Prisons. The State Probation Commis:
sion, as head of the Division of Probation, is required to exervise
fhe powers nnd preform the duties of the present State Probation
‘The chapler establishing the State Department of Correction
algo provides for a State Commission of Correstion, the chairman
of which shell be the head of the State Department’ of Correction.
‘The State Commission of Correction displaces the State Coumis:
sion of Prisons, and is required to visit and inspeet the State
Prisons and other institutions such as the county jails, peniten:
Hiaries, police lockups, whieh activity is very amueh under the
control of the head of the State Department of Correction, which
means that to some extent the head of the State Department of
Correetion will be in a position to control the inspection and inves
tigation of institutions for the administration of whieh he will be
held sesponsilile, Under the old law the State Commission of
Prigons was a free Janes State inspecting and investigating: body
with the resolt that at any time it eould direct the inspection or
investigation of the State prigons and other penal and correctional
institutions im the State. Such freedom of investigation and
inspection can, however, be seriously curtailed at the will of the
head of the new State Department of Correction
‘The new law provides that the wardens of the State prisons
shall be appointed by the Commissioner of Correction, and that
every such warden shall be in a competitive class of the civil
‘The New York State Reformatory, at Blmira, the New York
State Reformatory for Women, at Bedford Hills, and the AIbion
Laoistantox mv 1926 a
suite Training School, at Albion, are to be under the contrat of
sate res Desartmont of Correction. ‘The board of managers
see Se duce stations Wy to ae known as tho board of visitors,
ah en certain powers suelt Qa the Visitauion and inapection
wo EST ons aud the mmbing of geasral rule, subject 10 the
of te ao the Connsstoner of Correction. ‘The board of visitors
‘Dora formatory may adopt roles forthe parole and discharge
of eat eoera cofeisent with ie law aad subject to the approval
ott Fotmmmiacgner of Correstion, In the event ofa disagreement
‘seamect the approval af the Governor can be sought
ihe Beloemore Wate Tfespial is piece "wmder, he, Suri
wea of the Department of Correction. ‘Tie Hospital for the
de tratane at Matteavan, heretofore under the jopidietion
CEke'Palene Department, ix Tewnsforred to. a ew” department
ghtke BGR Debertmeot of Mental Hygisce, ‘The lnseution
we Rue Deliaquants at Nepanoch, now wader the contvol of
se te Cotamiast for Mental Detective, wil be under the con
ee tke Department of Mental Hygiene after Jenuary Ts.
sree adtons, powers and duties of the Secretary of State
in thst to evtmfent statisties sce signed and transferred to
raputay te pte OMe through th Tonk
lative committee above referred to, and individual members of the
co a a
etter
Fnac nm alah ade bat
va aa ta a Fa
erin cngo ofa arial or Ie ssemin, 2
Teper fo he pce arcs eae fi
sesame wea ing
fetes ates rie he Pech oF 8 cna ak
cial ee ee ba teats ee
2 Tre Prisox Assoctamion op New You
offce of the State Superintendent of Prisons a bureau for the
Keeping of records to aid in the identifention and. detestion of
criminals. While the new law does not establish anything tht has
hot in part existed helure, is requirements wall add considerable
{o the amount. of information heretofore. received bythe contra
Dureau, and will im that way make the tonean a snbetantinl source
of reliable information, for the pole, samt, Sostieations, nd
ther agencies. It should be noted that while this leisation wil
Steengttien the system of identiSeation in the State of New York,
fevorthaless tail there is systematic cooperation between the
States of the Union and the Central Bureat of Criminal Tdentt
cation in Washington, D.C, chere wall be ample opportansty fr
the professinnal eviminal to” operate throughout the. country
‘Chasiderable Iegisation was enacted to. curb the abuses the
bail system Chapter 419, amending Section 852 of, and adding
Section 502a to the Code of Crimintl Procedure, provides, for tie
first time legally, for the taking of Anger priats on arvest and
before conviction’ ‘Phi isa deeded advance toward the detection
of the Feeanen fender" Mure, it advances anster slop fn he
Prosecution gf erime, namely the letting to brik. The purpose of
thapter 419 fs to pravent the bailing of professionel eriminals or
other frequent offenders who may be dangerats to the pnblie while
fn bail. ‘The act makes for thi protection hy providing that if
the person arrested is charged witt a felons, of wich an attempt t
ommit a felony, or with one of tho follonmg. misdemeanors
needs and his Teeord, i
offenses, he shall be, Hrst of all, fingerprint
any, brought to the notiee of the judge or magistrate to whom he
makes application for bail. If there is good reason to believe that
he has been previously convicted, he may not be bailed by a magis
trate. The misdomoanors or offenses referred to above are com:
monly identified with habitual or professional erime,.- They are a3
fellows: legally wsing, carrying or possessing a pistol gr other
dangerous weapons making oF possessing burgiar’s instenments
bagi or etn len froparty nfl oir of bli
Aiding escape, trom prison; jostling’ or pocket picking, and
iMegel possesion of Grass. Tim person nocused hay a, previous
ecard, he may, neverthelesy, be aot free om bail by judge of te
Sunretne Court of Genoval Seasons, or of comtycoutt, provided
hig reoord is fist submitted to the Judge. However,
Information relative to previous crime befo :
that he wil ; . ibility
‘The same chapter also provides that
if a'oriminal & charged with any of the mixfemeators or other
aifenses set forth above he eam no longer bo bulled out before the
Police lcutensnt in the sation hosse, ae was formerly hig right in
the ease of charges lower in grade than felonies. This is ea ine
Poriant change.
‘A'compenion measure to chapter 419 is chapter 421, which
amends the Inferior Criminal Courts Act applicable to New York
City, a0, a to prevent magistentes tov elaming. the powers of
higher judges, Which this et formerly gave thea, in ball ators
Lxcrsnaniox a 1926 i
Chapter 415 also deals with Dail, and adds another safeguard in
‘taking’ bail by adding a new section known as Sid-e to the Code
of Criminal Procedure. Tt has been frequently observed that the
Suyely company agent, or the private individual offering to go
bail, bas arranged for protection against lost, im the event that the
acevised person disappears, by taking stolen goods or the proceeds
thereof. |The new law provides that an applicant who dosires to
xo bail for another must ake an afidevit disclosing the nature
of any security given or promised, as well as the identity of any
person agreeing to indemnity the maker of the bond against loss.
Any Indemnity not set forth in the affidavit aay not be availed
fof in ease of loss, nor shall any action lie against an indemnitor
hot revedted by’ the aidavit
"A Tutther effort to check the abuses of the hail system is repre.
sented in chapter 478, which changes section 599 of the Code of
Criminal Procedure to the extent of compelling the district
attorney to enfores a forfeiture of bail for non-appearance, within
Sxty days after the adjournment of the court which declared the
forfeiture, instead of vaguely permitting the district attorney, to
entoree the forfeiture at any timo, a4 has been the usual practice
‘The same chapter also amends section 598 by limiting the time
within which forfeitures may Le vemitted to one year from the
wy were Aeclared.
Chapter 461 provides that when a number of defendants are
jointly indicted for complicity in the same crime, they may be
tried, all at one tial, or one at a time, in the diseretion of the
Court, "Previously each defendant had an absolute right to a sepa:
‘ate trial, even though the evideneo ayainst each was the same,
Tr has heen observed that in some instances where # number of
defendants were eharged with the same erime, they would demand.
tund_stand separate trials, thereby necessitating considerable ad.
ynal labor for the contis and the proseeutor’s offlee, and un-
heeessary expense, Farther, the aequittal of one of the group
svoula sometimes he used to atiempt a proof of the innocence of
another.
Under chapter 417, which amends section 388 of the Code of
Criminat Procedure, the district attomey is not now compelled to
offer his evidence immediately after his opening address. Under
the old procedure the defendant did not have to make his opening *
address ‘tintil the proseetor’s evidenee was actually presented.
‘The disadvantage to the State was that the district attorney was
cntirely ignorant as to what the defense might be, and how to
repare lis evidence to combat it, Phe advantage to the defendant
Was that his lawyer lid opportanity to know not only what the
istrict attorney expected to prove, but what he actually had
proved, before proceeding with his side of the ease. Under the
hew law cach must state what he expects to prove before any evi
lence ean be offered by either sice; thus they are more likely to
start on even terms,
1 ‘Tux Paisox Association op New Yore
In the hope that erime could be reduced by sevorer penalties,
Gupter 436, amending sections 407 and 2125 of the Penal Tam
provides that the prnishment for burglary and robbery shall be
Ereater than heretofore, and also that the bio erimes are equally
unishable. Under the old Inw, the burglar, knowing that: he could
not get less than ten years for burglary, praferred to engage in
robbery, for which he might got very much less. Under the new
Jaw burglary in the first degree carries a punishment of not less
than fifteen years, ‘The same applies to robbery in the first degree
‘Chapter 707, amending section 1908 of the Penal Law, is ex
tremely important in that it makes the receiver of stolen goods,
: ishnble as a felon, irrespective
fentene 5
might be imposed, or a fine up to $1,000, or both
stolen goods, commonly known #8 a ''fenee,"" is & type of leech of
whieh soeiety might well be rid.
‘To reduew crime by armed persons, chaptor 105 was enacted,
adding @ nev section. 1944, to the Penal Taw, This new section
not only adds five to ten years to the first offense: ten to fitteen
ve for the third, and for a
ars to life, to the sentenco usually applicable,
mn, suspension of sentence, or release before the
‘Of -partienlar importance are the provisions of chapter 457,
amending sections 1941 and 1942 of the Penal Law, and adding
a new section, 1943, ‘The first amendment, that to 1941, limits
th effect of its companion section to felons only. Section 1942 is
amended first 50 as to prevent a life sentence to a fourth cffender
from becoming subjeer to the jurisdiction of the parole board.
Under this section, before the amendment, # fourth offender would
be eligible for eousideration for release by the parole board after
the expiration of the period of time equal to the maximum penalty
prescribed for the fonrth offense. Under this change a sentence
For natural life means life imprisonment, except for the interven:
tion of the governor through a commutation of sentenes or a par
don, Another change, by amending section 1942, nullifies the
requirement that a ropeated offender must be indicted as such to be
semlencel) as such, Section 1943 makes it lawful to change the
sentence of one who was supposed to be a first offender at the time
‘of hia sentence, but who at any time Inter is shown to he a second
offender.
Chapter 736 makes it clearly mandatory that the parole board
‘of those eppearing
this amendment
chat this exaraination shouldbe
made; however, there was doubt held by others. Since the amend.
ment there ean be no doubt as to what course should be pursued
by the board in determining fitness for parole. This chapter also
provides that @ prisoner serving a definite sentence may eam
& diminution of that sentence only through a time exedit of five
‘Lrenen.cton 18 1926 6
days a month, #0 be known as commutation, as a reward for good
‘ihevior and fatistactory performance of duties assigned, Prior to
this change in the lav, deGnite sentence prisoners could earn a
UBminuclon of sentence’ through a term known as. compensation,
IU also thiougha term imown 23. commedation, which in some
Seances gave them om advantage in greater time reduction Over
iit attendee Wor example, o Prisoner serving an indeterminate
Sentence, with a minfwim of five yeas, would He requred to say
strana Tanger than « prigoner serving a detinite sentence of five
vedtaarsuming, of course, that in both instanees the fall dimins
on Se sentence’ was earned, Chapter 736 further provides that a
‘tnes serving n sentence for i natural Tite sall not have bis
Khan diminished either by commutation or eompensation.
haptere 469 and 737 provide that no person shall be released
froin State priton who kins served less thon a year, and the pro
lad or chapter 737 provide further that « prisoner recelvingg
Uindelerminste sentence shail serve a period of tae equal (®
Tay Mintinam centence Haposed by the court, and that such min
weeaahall be served without any good condvet or good time ered
That wil reduce Tt. However, @ person held after the expiration
We ho"mtatinam may, thvengh good conduct and willing perform.
cee ties angenéa, earn a vedustion theough commutation at
TR atte of Ave days ¢ month, Heretofore a auinimum sentence
watad'ie Sedeed hy a timo eredit know as compensation, which
‘ete tase of Ave year minimum, would reduce it to three years
tnd nine months :
Te Tater changes relating to esiminal court procedure
andthe adminitirution of poual xn correctional institutions, but
Mee forth above are cbe more. important. outstanding efforts
to cope with the crime situation through legislative action
CHAPTER IX
DIGEST OF INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAWS AND
PAROLE RULES*
in our 1921 report there appeared « Study of Parole Laws ant
Methods in the United States, and part of that study ineluded
fa digest of the laws relating to sentences and parale rules. The
Study proved useful, and was printed in several editions, How
ever, because of the lengih of Uime that has elapsed, and because
Of the inereased public interest in the indeterminate sentenee an
parole, snd, further, beesnse of the many recent requests for
infermation’ il by the Association, it was
Aecided to make 4 more np-to-date digest of the sentence laws ant
1 the various. States,
ipted 10 collect uniformly. eertain information from
all the states, but the experionce at this time is similar to that
in 1921, with the result that the following information is as com:
plete a6 could be obtained. Tt is hoped that it will serve to give
Interested readers some idea of the provisions of the Ines under
which offenders are sentenced, the parole rules, and the make-up
ff the bodies authorized to stant parcle.
Avapavea
In_all cases jn which the punishment fixed by tho statute is
imprisonment ia the penitentiary, aud in whieh a maximum and
zinimum term is peeseribed, the eourt shall pronoumee pom the
Aefendant an inclerminate sentence for a term of not Yess than
the aninimamn and not sreater.than the masitnum, Sxed hy the
Hatute for aueh’ cn offense. Whenever the. aveaiaeu teria
Sentence of any person imprisoned in the State penttentiary shall
have expired, it shall be the duty of tie warden fo send the record
vi fi
iberty, without violating the lav
Pardons shall authorize the release of sucht person upon parole
fand ke ean go about pon stich terms ay the [os ‘presribe
A person on parole is in the legal eustordy and wnider control of the
‘warden unlll the expinetion of the marimune
erson on parole has violated his parole, a warrant may be issued
for the atrest of stich prisoner at any (ine prior to the expiration
fof his maximum period, Any re-arrested person may” make
Soplication for investigation of his ease Int, if after investigation,
fhe Board of Pardons determines that he has violated his parole
hhe shall be re-imprisoned for a period equal ta his nnexpired
“Top ER ows
ro
Feet mcatmpose only the death penalty. Juries and courts
aftr a ondation of the Parole Board, provided iis shown
his parole for a period of six months he is entitled to his final dis-
Prison Directors,
in regard to the eareer,
8 ‘Tum Paisow Assoctarion of New York
rationality, parentage and previous oceupation of mich convicts
Perwon, together vit, a statement to the bos of cir leer
&s to whether such person wan indystsions oe Hot ot a ae
acter or not, the nature of his assoeiates and his 7
‘Tho period of Impraorment fy
prison Ball not exeeed the mast
um ters of In
‘onse of which
parole commission:
other than a life term
for parole after servis
genera vile, requir
minus such ered
Teast two years,
‘posed upon him two or more eusul
‘until he has served nt
such sentences
power ta have the
rior to the erantin
maximnm sentence
any time
tion of the
mor of the State has like power to
Any prisoner Ieavine
Frisoer nnd arrested as sveh Th Bi pone te
‘letermine whether « paroled prisoner shall be allowed his credits
"There is a segregation act which enables the Board of Prison
Direttors to transfer ail rectvists tothe Rotsom Bitne aee ke
tain the rt offenders at Se Sem Quentin Poe
“ Covonsvo
en a petson is sontencad to the Stato penitentiary otherwise
than for lite, the court imposing the sentence shall not fies dese
rite term of imprisonment tnt shall eoablih t mashagy wats
sini term for heh wipro mg be bedi ect
¢ maximum term shall not bo longer than the ones a ek
by law for the offense of which the persom was conti
‘for the minimum term. ® = social Hi
Inperamervave Sexrence Laws ap Panout Ross 79
‘The Governor shall baye authority under such rules and regu.
Jations ax he may prescribe to issue a parole or permit to go at
lange to any conviet serving a sentence other than life at the ex-
piration of the minimum term pronounced by the eourt, er in the
Absence of such minimum, the minimum term provided by law
{for the erime for which the prisoner was eonvieted: and provided
‘that any person who shall make an assault with a deadly weapon
sny officer, employee, or other conviet of the Penitentiary,
shall not be eligible for parole.
The prisoner who is returned for violation of parole shall not
given eredit on his maximum sentence for the period of time
fat Which he was at liberty and during which time he violated
his parole.
‘The paroling of a prisoner is not construed a8 a discharge but
simply ‘as a permit to go without the enclosure of the peniten-
tiary. In other words, the prisoner must regard himself’ as still
serving his senteuce and if he bebaves himself satisfactorily may
earn good time, to be credited against his maximum sentence
while he is on parole, Good time not to exceed ten days in any
one calendar month is allowed for those known as trusty prison:
ers, that is, those working outside of the penitentiary walls.
Consneriour
Any person sentenced to the State prison, otherwise than for
life or im connection with sentence of execution for a eapital
offense, shall not be sentenced by the court for a definite term of
imprisonment, but shall be sentenced for a maximum and mini-
mum period. "The maximnm term shall not he longer than the
maxiniim term prescribed by law for the offense eommuitted, and
‘the minimum term shall not be less than one year. However, when
any person so sentenced shall have twier before been convicted,
Setoneed and imprisoned in a State prison or penitentiary, the
court shall sentence said person to a maximum of thirty years.
‘The law further provides that in case a person is sentenced to the
State prison for two or more separate offenses, where the term
of imprisonment for a second or further term ig ordered to begin
at the expiration of the Arst and each suereeding term of sen-
tence, the court imposing stid sentence shall name no minimum
term’ of imprisonment except under the first sentence and. the
several maximum terms shall be construed as one continuous term
of imprisonment.
Any person confined in the Stato prison under an indeter-
minaie fentenee, may be allowed to go at large on parole in the
discretion of the majority of the Board of Directors of sai
prison and the warden, acting as a board of parole, at the expira
tion of the minimum term.
"For the State Reformatory at Cheshire, the law provides that
any person commitied to the reformatory either for an indefinite
sentence or a fixed sentence, may be allowed to go on parole: at
any time at the diseretion of a majority of the Board of Directors
80 ‘Tue Prison Assoctarion of New York
and the superintendent, acting as a Board of Parole, Because
of the wide latitude allowed by the lav, the Board of Parole of
the reformatory has endesvored to formulate a schedule. wi
the assistance of the judges of the Superior Court and the fo
lowing rules have been adopted:
For a sentenee under which an individual may be held two
‘yours he is eligile for parole in one year, except with a conc
Tecord of not more than three reports, he may receive a redue
ion of one month and with a perfect industrial record, he may
receive a further veduction of ome month. Under a sentence
where an individual may be held not more than five years, ie ix
eligible for parole in two years, with a reduction of threo months
for a conduet record of not inore than three Feports and a further
reduetion of three months providing he has @ perfect industrial
reoord. Under a sentenee where an individual may be held not
more than fen years, he is eligible Zor parole at the end af three
ears, except that with a perfect conituet record of not more than
bree reports, he may earn a reduction of not more than four
and one-hal? ‘months and for a perfect industrial record, he may
receive a further reduction of four and one-half mouths. For a
sentenee of more than ten years, an individual is eligible for eon:
sideration at the end of four years, exeept with a perfect conduct
record of not more than three reports, he may reecive a redne-
tion of six months and for @ perfeet industrial reeord he ma
receive an additional reduetion of six months
‘The industrial record of the inmates is obtained by a repo
from each oflicer and instructor under whom & prisoner may’ I
been employed. After this is obtained, the reduetion under the
industrial provision is set according to the various offieers’ rating
of the individual and may be anywhere froin "no time’? up to
the maximum,
‘The above rule provides only for the appearance of the ind
vidual before a Board of Parole and in the eases of at least 10
per cent of thase who appear before the Board, a parole is not
{granted at the minimum time but their cases continued from three
months to one year, Various Feasons may cause stich contiat
“Unusually serious crimes, the result of the Psychiatrie ex
Tonger period
individual, 2 bad conduct record ‘which
Pol and the inability to live within seh
prescribed regulations, or any other reasons that may’ appear 10
the Board of Parolo are sufficient eause for such a continuation.
Drvawane
‘The Board of Parole is composeit of three persons appointed by
the judges of the Supreme Court for a term of three years, Tt
‘meets once monthly for at least ten months of the year at the New
Castle Conaty Workhonse, and at sch other times and ple
as its members of their own motion may decide. ‘The law provides
that every prisoner sentenced for life may be released on parole
Inperemenare Suwtexce Laws axp Panous Rous &l
after serving fifteen years of a sentence and that every prisoner
bho is sentenced to erve for one year oF longer for any offense
excopt for rape, incest or sodomy, or the poss 2, OF sale
tf morphine, oplusy eveaine, and chlorel-hydrate, may
on parole afver serving one-half of the term of the senten
‘the prisoner on parole ie still La he legal custody of the true
teas of the New Castle Cow ‘khouse subject to the condi
{Sonn'gf releawe granted Ky the Board of Pavcle. “A. prisoner who
lias violated parole may be considered for release after serving
a thee months’ period in the Workhouse, but a prisoner who has
triee violated parole shall be required ta serve the balance of his
term in the Workhouse.
‘Distmor op Cours,
‘The institutions of the Distriet of Columbia consist of a reform-
story, workhouse, asylum and jail. ‘There is no indeterminate
sentence law affecting eommituients to these institutions.
Prompa,
This State bas no indeterminate sentence Inws and no parole
hoard. The Pardoning Board consists of the Governor of the
State, the Secretary of State, Attorney-General, Commissioner of
Agticuliurs an the Compttlle. ‘This Board ‘meets in rogular
‘wssions Lwieo yearly, in March and September, in the Senate
Chamber of the State Capito.
Gronasa,
Pursuant to the law, the jury fixes the minimum and maxi-
ma (erm of a sentence for all convietions for 2 felony, except for
crimes involving life sentence or death.
further that the Prison Commission s
prisoners, who have served the minimum time, may be released
bn parolé. Under the rules adopted by the Prison Commission,
second offenders are placed in Class B, and third offenders are
placed in another elass and are required to serve a maximum
Sentence,
Toano
‘There isan indeterminate sentence law with a year for the
wninimum for nearly all erimes. After serving the minimum
period, parole may be granted at any time. Recidivists cannot
be paroled.‘They ean only be released by the Hoard of Pardons.
Paroled prisoners shall not be granted permission to leave the
State. ‘They must fepore momthiy to the warden, "ll power €9
enforee the rules and regulations aud to reimprison any paroled
onviet is conferred on the warden,
Tumors
Both a definite sentence taw and an indeterminate sontence
jaw.” When # person over ten years of age-is charged and found
Bullty of treason, murder, rope or kidnapping, a. dafinito term
thust be fixed by" the jury, or by the court. “AU sentences: to Sigfe
82 ‘Tae Prisos Assoctuatox or New York
‘institutions for any other crime shall be indeterminate sentences,
for not less than the minimum nor greater than the maximum
term provided by law for the prisoner's offense,
‘The rules of the Department of Public Welfare for the parole
of persons serving deiinite sentences are ag follows: Persons sen.
tenced for life may be eligible for parole after twenty years; per
sons sentenced for a definite torm of years are not eligible till the
minimum sentence preseribed by law for the crime lias been
served, good time teing allowed, as preseribed by Inw, nor are
they eligible until at least one-third of the time fixed in their deft
nite sentenee has been served,
When a prisoner has served the minimum sentence of an inde:
terminate sentence and 4s serving his first term and has obeyed
the rules of the prison, he comes before the Division of Pardons
No petition or advertising is necessary as the rules
fof the Division require that he be brought before them,
Inpiawa
A felon between the ages of 16 and $0 shall be sentenced to
the Indiana Reformatory, except, for the crimes of tresson or
murder inthe first and’ second degrees. ‘The court trying such
person shall sentence him to the enstody of the Board of Man-
gers of the reformatory to be confined at such place as may be
designated by the Board of Managers for a term of not less than
‘the minimum time preseribed by the statutes o? the State as a
Punishment for the offense for which the defendant was com
Vioted and not more than the maximum time preseribed by the
statutes,
‘or any male person 30 years of age or over on trial for any
felony which is punishable by imprisonment in the State prison,
except treason and murder in the first degree, the court or jury
trying ssid case shall ascertain only whether or not the person
‘guilty of the offense charged. Instead of pronouncing upon
ich person a definite time of imprisonment, in the State prison
for a fixed term, after a verdict, the court shall pronomee upon
‘such person an indeterminate sentence of imprisonment in
State prison for a term, stating in such sentence the minimum and
maximum limits thereof, fixing as the minimum time of such im
prisonment the term prescribed as the minimum impzisonent for
the ponishment of such offense and as the maximum the time pre
seribed asa penalty for the offense. At each meeting of the
Board of Parole, every prisoner confined in a
‘an indeterminate sentence, whose minimum torm of sentence hes
expired. shall be given an opportunity to appear before such
Parole Board and apply for his release upon parole or for an abso
Tute discharge.
The Board of Trustees, consisting of four members appointed
the Governor, also act as the Parole Board. During the perio
of parole a prisoner fs in the legal eustody of the warden and State
‘agent until the expiration of the maximum term of his sentence
‘unless he is discharged before said expiration.
‘ate prison upon
Ixpersmamwars Smvmuxcr Laws aNp Panoz Rours 83
Iowa
Any nnle perooa who shall be caamaltiod to the penitentiary,
eb Ble Peed ot merdur, (ram, wodenyy oF inca, whe
Ee iris heceeen oy anne ot 10 ued By 8
ee ie ot aaa Cuuvined ct ofelony, anal be oor
Pee Bere fomntary provided, howeres, that pertns, be
ned tn racy, Ba aceite ef tape, mother, tof
(rome the et Je cimelng house im tee bight, wilt
a ae eee iicofeure there may, anthe Dardcuat
ae catitay Brertany inthe: dacretion Of the auth be
cremate MA he vefornatory or ihe ponioateny.
ae eS nn ts Kor
an AaRT EE Any De eB ctattaey, iho eotre pong
wee Cuerererna n
sates teeta aia not exe ie wut tar
a En erie eine of which te prisoner Was S00-
Git galas somiona of the Board of Parole begin the fst
see et oe end am Ocber tod Saou
Monday, in Febeanry Perarmalony ike’ pestoatiary andthe
espe! balding :
rea caer notin afer entering peisom or as Metly
Feecoael interiors as mantis hore to cimos sanlence
then am posible emeeet Thay il be interiewed’ after” serving
ae Lee ome usee ong te
fram two to four monty ane Paate ee poral. mthout meng
Poco, ne couldn Set at Garde thes bn muss oe
formal qpplication | 7ve Montene the Governor fs the in.
tence ee Ac tamed on ts near x poetiie within 6
a A Oe aie enon: yore ay
Se ae erat ee Tt cate comidered ae than the
Sa ete one naling aueciteally te reasons shiver
me coe Selma ee ee ine than Prey santa of
waty, Brunner he et er" eirementa af tho Paves: Bod,
Wi parle eooptebly 9 er seany ty tbe Governor for sischarge
He aaa Goder hs entenen
op furthes Tab po daeas the Sale without _permion)
eA See (oe Te tee iiates tho provlons of his
praled Det, te Paseo ie eevee new menee of ve
Kavsis
the Board ot Adminitztion ofthe State has change ofall the
petit Board of Admini ‘tasitaions of the State. Te
aie is parole board for the reformatory, the Cirle” Tndusirial
I aa ttm Soo, CAs to these three, A han
en a ere TT log ets ana parole board for cer
lena Powe 1 Deke ary ia whlch ane merely recom:
Toe ne rena ray oct upon is restmmendaton,
st ‘Tus Prisox Associamion oy Naw Yors
‘This Board has power to consider and recommend paroles froin
the State Penitentiary when the prisoner has served the minimer
term fixed by Jaw, provided that he is not a third termer. The
Board has no power ta aet in cases of muvder. Tn the latter ani
jm all eases in whieh the Board eannot act, the Governor ns
power to act.
‘The Governor hax the power to pardon, parole and issue enm.
mutation of sentences in any ease of rine from anyplace of
imprisonment upon eondition that the application shall be raad
to the Governor aud notice of a heating published Zor thirty di
defore the hearing in the official paper of the county from which
the prisoner was sentenced.
It is a rule of the Governor's office that persons paroled shall
serve on parole for at least a year with good behavior. — After
this, they are given a conditional pardon whieh restores them ta
citizenship, but whieh requires them to live a decent and lav
abiding life daring the tern for which they were sentenced. At
the end of the term, they may’ get a full, unconditional, pardon.
This unconditional pardon restores them to all rights of eitizen
ship.
Kuxovoee
‘The parole committee consists of three members appointed
from the eight members of the State Board of Charities and Cor-
rections. A. person serving a seutence of ten years or less or sen-
tenees aggregating ten years is eligible for parole when he has
‘served one-half of his sentence, Tf lie is sentenced for more than
‘fen years and uot more than 21 years, he is eligible for parole
when he has served six years, If he ig sentenced fo more than
21 yours or to a life sentance he is eligible for parole after serving
tight years. No prisoner is entitled to parole as a matter of
Tight.” Tig release is entirely at the discretion of the parole com-
mittee. A prisoner may he paroled outside of the State provided
Inia financial independence is assured. ‘The parole period is until
the expiration of the sentence imposed by' the court withont
allowance for good time. A paroled life term man is on parole
for life. ‘The Governor has the right under the law to pardon a
paroled prisoner at any time.
In July, 1921, the Attorney General rendered an opinion based
upon the former decisions of the Court of Appeals, and the stat-
‘utes, in which he held that a prisoner is technically on parole dur
ing the remainder of his life unless pardoned or granted restora.
tion to citizenship by executive action. ‘This means that a
prisoner sentenced in 1920 for four years and who was paroled
at the expiration of two years, remains on parole and subject to
Schatever parole rules may be adopted by the State Board of
Charities and Corrections for the remainder of his life.
fe may be subject at any subsequent period, if again convicted
of a crime, to sorve that portion of his frst sentence unserved at:
the time of his parole.
Ixperamnvare SevuENcE Laws ap Panos Rous 85
No prisoners secving soatences for rape, arson, t
MBit suture, are paroled. Life prisoners may
s'Supreme Cost mandamus.
Mame eee
iss an indeterminate sontenee law which provides that when
ants an, indonesia of a cre, punigiuble by Smprisoy
a et aot hx a debaie term of imprisonment
amping sence, hal Magy ou hn a dente term in ond State
in ld Bat Pre Ade may fa minimum term of
Shoot for Bass Padme be lms tan ate months Im any ae.
pranument which mal mevidel by aw ahall'be the maximum
‘ho masimnns Penely Poy whereis tho commiting judge rem
sancti fulgncy mma no nse the a
moons tat Be aero eva proper penalty
mum provides ¥en Ra by tho coor’ skal not exteed one-half
eee of mprmmept feed by sata. Where
of the maxim tem OF aatbhment for {he offense of which the
the tow Piunds convicted, fixes the minimum term of imprison~
rsoney and conve gm xed yaw all be the anni
Tit of tmpeisonment i
rm of Imprisonment shall not apply to any perton
Fiend eer oe che only punishment for which prescribed by
iste of an offense the ont PB ued, that in all eaves where
law a tmpesonment fo algeretion of the court, may be ft
Ry age ok eam thou Spina ebonesal
ife or any numberof yo maxim sentence. The minim
fx boty the miniarte haed bythe cour sail not exeeed 088-
seop f iPmastmam term oo Ased
Masaraxo ,
‘the Parole Commtason without solieitetion from the prisoner
andeite iciTant determine the edvanbllty of tewmmending
to the Governor ger or he of corretion after one-third ot
tek term es expire
{erm as Ox S ge of whether conditions of parsle have
orate date revoke sad conditional pardon, Tales
been breached fet sey tries seh person must serve alance
the Governor dene gt parcle isnot included. Parole peti
86 ‘Tux Prison Associasion oy Naw Your
is for the unexpired portion of the sentence imposed. The Board
of Parole supervises paroled conviets and reports to the Governor,
No distinetion is made between the first offender and the re
peater, but the repeater stands little chance of obtaining parale,
Masssenoserns
A prisoner shall be paroled from the State prison upon the ex-
pirauion of his minimtm sentence if he has obeyed. all the rules
of the prison. Otherwise the Board may parole Jim ata later
time. A special permit of parole may be granted by the Board to
prisoner who is serving a sentence with # minimum term of more
than two and one-half years, when he has served two-thirds of such
minimum term. But le shall serve at loast two and one-half yeurs
before it is granted. Parole becomes voud when its terms are vio
lated. ‘The Toard has the right to have parole revoked, While
fan parole prisoner is uncler control of the Board, He is so till
expiration of his maximum sentence. A violator of parole is 39
confined on terms of his original sentence ‘Time of parole is not
computed in his sentenee. With permission of Board paroled
prisoner may Teave the State, Ahove rules hold good for first or
Seeond termers. An habitual criminal may be paroled at the dit.
cretion of the Governor and Conneil and onder their rules and
control, ‘The Governor ean order such prisoner reconfined if he
has broken the terms of his parole
‘The court in imposing sentence of imprisonment in the Massa-
setts Reformatory shall not fix the torn thereo? ‘unless it ex
ceeds five years, Whoever is sentenced to the reformatory for
Tareeny or for any felony may be held therein for not more tha
five years unless sentenced for a longer term. If committed to
said reformatory asa delinquent child he may he hela therein for
not more tian two years, Af sentenced for drunkenness he may
be held for not more than one year
offense he may be held for not
‘who may be held for not more than one year shall have the right
fof appeal before the Boord of Parole at the expieation of sight
months. One who is being held for not more than twa Years may
appeal to this Board at the expiration of eleven mouths. One
who is serving not more than five years may make application
to the Board at the end of fourteen montlie rom the date of his
commitment. Tf a prisoner has served one or more previous
terms in the reformatory he may have the right of a hoaring
Defore the Parcle Board at the expiration of twenty months from
the date of his commitment, An inmate committed 10 the re
Formatory upon a sentence of over five years shall have the right
to make application for a hearing on the question of his parole
fone month before he shall have werved one-half of his, sentence
‘The Parole Board at its first meeting efter the transfer to the
reformatory of an inmate who had received a detinite. sentence
to any other institution shall fix the time at which such inmate
shall have the right to file an application for a hearing on the
Ixvermeatmvarn Sexracn Laws axp Paxoun Ruurs 87
question of his parole, No attorneys are permitted at parole
wefive same general rules as above stated apply to the procedure
at the State Keformatory for Women.
‘There are special rulings for the State farm, prison camp and
spit
Wee Governor, with the consent of the council, and upon the
putition OF the prisoner, may grant & pardon, subject fo the come
Hiunun be may Impose. The Board of Parole acts as an advisory
Sound of pardons. “A” violator of kis pardon is examined by the
Governor end his counell and if reconfined. most srve the rest
Of hue original pootonce wslese he is again pardoned, Time of
Sonditional pardon is not covmted
Mromoas am
‘When any person shall be convieted of erime, the punishment
for which preseribed. by law may be imprisonment in the State
frison at Jackson, the Michigan Reformatory at Tonia, the State
Ffowe of Correction an brah of abe Stat prison inthe Uppes
untntta or the Deiroit House of Corseeton, the eowct imposing
cslence shall not A a definite term of imprisonment, but shill
Hee minimum sentence of not less than six months. "Maximum
fncence shall be the maximum penalty provided by law, except
ie"ihe juan in passing sentence recommends. the masiinum he
Thinks advicable, This, however, shall not exceed the maxignam
preveribed by law. The mininwim, shall not oxeced one-half the
Prescribed by statute. Tf, however, the law fixes the
sida. In the caso of erimes where the ony
Tay ie a life sentence, the court should
o. The Governor
role i eases of murder, Tape, conspiracy, offenses
ERcors i violation of thelr dutica, conspiracy to defrand
‘auinieipaites, and. for bribing or attempting. to. bribe
Iblis offers The "Advisory Board aste in reatters relative to
oqueste for pardons and grants parole in other eases, The Gov-
cmmor and the Boar togetier adopt rules for parole
very envict who hay not broken the rules of the prison shall
to onttled 1 reduction from his minimam sentance as follows
Borne th Hes and ncn) years fs Sentence, ie days per
rmontit, Suring the third and fourth, siz days per month; din
Thevtfth and aisth, geven days per month; during seventh, eighth
tna nineh nine days per month; during the tenth to the four-
{onth vere ulus, ten days per month: dosing the fifteenth to
ike mhivteenth year inclusive, Pwelve days per mouth, and. from
tna Including tte twentieth year to the expiration of the sentence,
"tac ata Ueuond termers ase eligible for parole at the end of
‘heir minismum term, less good time. Others cannot Ue paroled
‘The convict makes applieatio for pangle when eligible. Prisoner
ruc have “fest friend and adviser,” and employment, secured
8 ‘Tu Prisox Associaniox ov New You
before being paroled. Paroled prisoner is im the legal custody
Chine warded and tony be teturned fo the prison et ny tine
prior to the expiration of his parole period. All returned paroles
Prisoners must appenr betore the Parole. Board for a. Wesring
he time from his declared delingweney to his arrest is not counted
as a portion of hig sentence. He must seve balance oF otginal
maxizoum sentence. Parole’ period must be no longer than four
Years, Bonrd or Governor decides Tength of parole at time of
sranting parole
Governor is 10 grant reprieves, commutations and. pardons for
ail offenses but impeachment and treason. In the latter caxe Let
Islatare has the powes
Manson
When a person is convicted ofa felony or other oxime punisheble
hy imprisonment i the State prison oF Stato retormatorg, ext
treason or mule in the dest ve second degree, the court in im
Dosing sentence shall not fx a definite term of exprisonment bat
Iay fix in sard sentence tho maximum term of such inprisonnent
‘The person sentenced saa be sibject to seleate on parole sh #0
final discharge bythe State Boarl of Pavol, whieh iy comps
of Ave persons: Piss, the oldest member in contimios service of
the Sate Board of Control; the wnvden of the State prison a
Stiwater shall be an ex officio member of the board ant fez see
relary' tho superintendent of the State reformatory at St, Cloud
Shall be an ex offio member of the board sod sts Rest sistant
Secretary tie superintendent of the State. Reformatory for
‘Women shall be ex ofein a member of the beard andthe second
aimintant secretary; the Ath member of the Bonrd shell Be a tien
Of the State who shall be appointed by the Governor. The Parole
Board meets once a, month at the State prison andthe reforma
tories to hear applications for parole or discharge. Prisoners may
Soper he Pavote Beard a! the first meeting after they have
Been tn the fist grate for sex consecutive months. An applicn
tiom which’ Hes been denied shall pot aguin he: made within si
‘months from the date of denial. In eosidering the question of
or discharge of an inmate the Bowed pill tae mo account
THis conduct wile an inmate of the Institution
Bs history_previons to commitment
His character, capacity, habits tendencies and attitude,
‘The nature aud tirearistances oF his rine
‘The probabilities from all the facts thet the prisoner will
Tend h corsect tie at Hberts
f. ‘The effect of his parole upon the administration of justice
Paroled prisoners remtin tner the legal control of the Boars
ull the eXpiation of hei usin eaten sul/may bese
tsrned at any time by order of the Hoard. he Board may grant
Absolute release to any prisoner on parole. ‘The Governor mer
Feturn citizenship oF part of its righty gles the fos was part of
the punishment,” Pritonors are tsoaliy discharged by" tho Parole
Board ono year after the date of the parole.
Inperansmare Sexraxce Laws anp Panoun Runes 89
‘Mussissurrt
No indeterminate sontence law or parole.
Misioont —
ssoners make application for reprioves, commantation, parcles
oitytdon by petttn tothe Governor lations for, ras
° fore the Governor and are investi:
"Brison Boa lication shall
tive Hemeney prope eigen Board. Before any application shall
Fe oy a rate Bourdy a is required that the applieant oF
be entertaine’ Uy notice of his intention to apply for executive
yytitioner Pi telly newspaper published in the county in whie
wlemency seed, for a period of two weeks. ‘The Prison Board has
the authority to parole from the industrial, schools for boys a
Lhe a gard has never adopled any hard or fast rules of
frocedure
Mowsarn ie ot
rhonever any person shall be found guilty of any erime oF
Rikiegatt le 7 t in the state prison, except
May force or administering
ite "eourt mushy
EPP ke mas
Dae Pe ces ee
Me ch Line, aoe hal He
ing than one ta ty prowribeg and
{egret gi C2
oe ee Maan pusieent ma
cece the ee ore ew
fetes than iy moron and mawiuom tine
ees " SL Be
Peet aye paroled at the aeeeton, 0 _
eatin aie nine Parte pre
gal uate and onder tMeatence aud are subject to bo returned
sn Scr avimn by the Boers
‘Nemnasia
imposition of, which is
ts first offenders t0
itieterminate sentence. law, persons. who
Convieted of a felony, are exclnded from
Fad likewise those eonyieted o!
trimes of violenge against the person.
90 ‘Tax Prrsox Assocation or New York
Nevapa
‘The Board of Pardons is ereated by the Constitution and con
fists of the Governor, Attorney-General and three justices of the
Supreme Court. It has power to pardon or eommute any sentence
‘or punishment and it is believed that this ‘power extends te
roles included winder the term of commutation, Under’ the
Indeterminate sentence law, judaes, in pronouncing sentence
limited to @ minimum ae aby
New Haursrin:
All sentences to State prison, except life sentenoes and these
of habitval criminals, shall be indeterminate, Phe. axionon
fannot bet toner than that stated inthe law and the mater
Shall not be less than that required” by law” After aecving tie
Tninimum sentence, if less than three yeas, a eonviet Whe tat
"AM prisoners
im sentence in three vars oF more may, On rect
obeyed the rales of the prison may be paroled.
whose mi
mendation by the Board of Prison Trustees, be granted a parole by
the Governor and a conncit who aet ay the Favule ‘boat aft
having served two-thirds of thetr minimum sentence. “Prisoges
who Ihave disobeyed prison rules mny'be paruled at a Tater tice
‘A paroled prisoner is in the legal custody of a pare, ofet
to whom he reports at Teast monthiy. “Tle shall be ted by this
eer In seeuring emmplorment and ion the parole Mente Searn
Complaint, he ean tn rearrested. A justice ata tral doen
Upon the offeer's complaint. IP it ix adjudged that the passlel
prisoner has violated his pavole, the Governor and council revoke
the permit and the prisoner mast servo. the ‘Tomainder of
‘maximum seatence, at whieh time he is entitiee. ta. final a
charge.
Now Janene
‘The Legislature in, 1926 repeated the indeterminate sentence
layy for prisoners sentenced ‘to the State prisons, ‘Every sith
prisoner shall now receive & definite tem in accutane witht
Trims enacted in this State in 1808
‘AM prisoners upon completing their term of sentence, Tess god
Shall be granted «fel disehinge spon the resammenlation
af the management of the prison. Prisoners sentenced prior tothe
fnactment of this law may still be placed on parole atthe expire
ton of te mini stone, less earned eommttaton ara
Brlsouers taust report monthly for a year to the vise exceuive
‘officer of the prison, *
IsperemnnAre Stvrexos Laws axp Panote Rous 91
Vor prisoners committed to all other correctional institutions
te Taw provides an indeterminate sentence. ‘The Board of
Manager’ of each institution has the power to release inmates
m parole, No inmate is eligible for release until the expiration
<t his minimum term, less earned commutation, Tn ease of a
life sentence, the minimnma term shall be taken to be 15 years.
‘The legal eustody of ll paroled prisoners is vested in the chief
tapeclty of sponsor for him.
New Mexico
very person who shall be sentenesd for a felony, or other
crime punishable "by. imprisonment. in the Penitentiary, shall
‘eecive a maximam and minimum duration of the rentenes. The
Hoard of Penitentiary. Commissioners and the Superintendent of
‘he Penitentiry constitute # Board of Parole which moy Sx the
Infos under which prisoner maybe paroled after having served
{he minimum term ofthis sentence, Ail prisoners who have served
finimunm and whose conduct is satisfactory, excopt thoso having
fevved tivo previous terms in any penitentiary, are. eligible for
perole, "it fe the duty of the superintendent io. Keep ia com.
frapication with all paroled prisoners snd as fara ponsile with
their employers. “When any prisoner has served mot Yess than six
norts of his parole acceptably he may be given tis final release
New Your
Thwve different typos of indeterminate sentence laws are in
vogue, Elmira reformatory receives male offenders between six-
‘em and thirty years of age, convicted for the first time of a
Ielony and for the second time of a misdemeanor. Felons may be
detained for the maximum period laid down in the Penal Code for
the specifie offense, but no minimum i prescribed, and the board
‘of managers has full power to releaso a prisoner at any time it sees
fi, ‘The maximum in the ease of mistemeanants is three years
As a matter of practice, the beard has established a system of
‘nerking Which is the principal factor in deeidng when a prisoner
‘eligible for parole. ‘The minimum period qualifying for release
‘vallittle over twelve months, The average time at whieh prisoners
sctually paroled is about fourteen months. In some instances
prisoners are held longer. .
‘The indeterminate sentence, as it applies to those committed to a
Siste prison, is as follows:
92 ‘Tum Prisow Assocramox or Nuw Your
At the expiration of the minimum period a prisoner serving an
indeterminate sentence may he paroled. Too frequently it ithe
praetioe to parole prisoners atthe expiration of the minizaim
Detiod." Paroles are decided by the boast of parole, which const,
of two salaried ‘members and the superintendent of prisons
exieie, ‘There are four parole effeers Uot. the actual super,
vision of those on parole is conducted by’ organizations. coopera:
ing with the board’ cf parole. "The patole period is usually’ ox
‘etr, except for those whose sentenes was commuted, or who wors
committed for murder, second degree, Tor which eases the parvle
period is usually two’ years. ‘The parole board, of course, can
keep @ prisoner on parole until the expiration of his. maximuia
tence,
A rooént amendment to the law provides that prisoners released
atier serving a definite sentencr, shall be plioed fn the custody at
the parole board for the period ‘of time whieh was dedueted from
‘heir sentence for yoo! behavior
grit thd kind of indeterminate sentence lay operating in the
State ig based upon the law of 1945, which is applicable wo al
cities of the first class inthe State, but hax so tar only beet
actually applied to New York City. This relates’ to. perouy
sentenced {0 imprismment in any ‘penitentiary. workhouse. o
Fefcrmatory in a city’ of the first class. In" the ‘ene of the
reformatory and penitentiary, every sentence is for ai indefinite
ferm, subject to a maximum of three years, while in the case of
the workhouse the sentence ma
Shoes Shas inne of ¢ pening upton ot Ge
Pine pelag ene lperign of rvs ad ie comm
Ivorrekunsane Sermon Laws axp Parone Rous 98
staff of parole officers. ‘The threo paid commissioners are
appointed by the mayor of the city and are required by law to
ive full time serviee. ‘The parole officers are appointed from a
vil serviee list by the commissioners,
Nowe Canouva
“here i a Indateminate sentenoe law for pesson sentenced to
the State prion ‘ix months the parole of prisoners sore.
ing an indeterminate sentence shall be eousidered by the Board of
Directors of tho State prison. Prisoners are eligible for parole
flee serving the miiuum senteneo, less commutation for good
lime. ‘There is an Advisory Board of Parule (Attorney-General,
Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chairman of the Board of
State Charities) whieh reviews the Teeo
Be parole of poloners io the Govern. “After ‘he inna
Sentence preseribed by statute for the offense has expired, provid:
ing such fenteuce is not less than one-fourth of the term for whieh
sch prisoner was sentenced, the Board of Parole shall consider
tts case. -However, the Board may consider a case before this
period of time has elapsed. I? the Governor acts on the recom:
hnendation and grants a parole, the prisoner is given clothes,
ansportation, aud $13 $20 or $25, according to his rade.
‘The parole period. lasts until ‘the expiration of the maximum
Sentence. “Ding this period the prisoner must report monthly
Uo''the Parole Board. "Phe Governor may order the prisoner
reimprisoned if the conditions of parole are violated,
Nowe Daxora
‘The Board of Pardons composed of the Governor exofiei,
Adomey-Generai, Chiet Justice of the Supreme Gourt, and two
aleetors appointed by the Governos, act as # Board of Parole and
fie the date when an inmate may be released, paroled or discharged,
aft he expiration of the gm orm OF entance 8
‘AIl applications for the discharge or pavole of inmates of the
tenitentiary wha may have been sentenead other than for a ed
Nor under he leternnate ert tw shal! be presented
torand passed upon by the Board of Pardons and no person serv:
ing an ‘indeterminate sentence shall be released. from the. pen
lentiary merely because the rainimum term-of is sentence has
expired, but his term aball contigue until the expiration of the
Intaiandid term talent he is sooner ordered discharged or is paroled
om the institution by the Board
The folowing selied persons shall not ander any. eum
stances he paroled from the penitentiary.
TP Paton convicted and sentenced Tor the crime of murder
in the drat degree ee
24 person finally convicted in any jurisdietion of a felony
tier than that for whieh he ie being punish i
3 A'person who has not maintained a good reeord at the peni-
tontigny for at Teast six months previous fo his parole
9 ‘Tae Pusow Assocunon ov New York
Omo
Courts imposing sentenees to the Ohio Penitentiary for felonies,
except treason, and murder in the fist degree, shall make thes
fencral and ct red or limited tn their diralion All terms of
Imprisonment of persons in the Ohio penitentiary’ may be tora!
hated as authorized hy law, but no sth terme sll oxceed the
‘maximum, nor be less than’ the minimum term provided by law
for the felony of which the prisoner was convicted, Tf & prisoner
Js sentenced for two or mare separate feloniey, his form of i
Prisonment may equal, but shall not exceed, the aggregate of the
Maximum terns of ali the felonies for whieh he was sentensed
and he shall be held to be serving one continuous term of ine
Drisooment
‘The Board of Clomeney has full power to parole. At the’ end
of twelve montis or al the end of” the minimum sentence “aa
inmate may apply for parole, IE he is under sentonce for imurder
in the second degree he may be considered for parele afvor having
served ton years of this sentence, Before a prisoner ean be eon
Siered for parole hy the Board of Clemency he must be reco
mended as worthy by the warden and the chaplain of the pen!
tentiary ‘and wotice of sich recommendations shall be. published
for three consecutive weeks in two newspapers of oppesive polities
in the county from which such prisoner was sentenced, A prisoner
¥iolating the conditions of his pavele shall thereafter be tented
as an essaped prisoner and when arrested shall serve tue tncxpited
Deriod of the maximum term of his sentence.
“The supervision of a prisoner released on parole is carried on by
the institution mn whiet he was confined, Prisoners stot resilenss
of the State are instructed to remain out of the State Torever and
fo report in writing for a given number of. monthly. report
Hesidents of the State report monthly by mail, "There are held
officers for the supervision of parolees
Oxsauoma
‘The law in this State provides only for a determinate sentence,
‘The pardon and parole power is vested solely in. the Governor
‘There is no parole board. However, there is a. parole attorney
who investigates various cases and makes a report to the Governor.
Upon this report, the Governor either grants or refuses executive
clemency. ‘There is no definite. maximum or minimum. parol
period. ‘A person paroled remains on patole until the'same is
Fevoked or the Governor grants a citizenship pardon.
Orecon
penitentiary penalty Yor such rime, whieh shall not exceed
statutory maximum,
Persons serving an indeterminate sentence may be paroled by the
Governor, or upon recommendation of the Parole Board, as fol
Inourxawvazn SevreNor Laws axo Pasoue Rum 9%
lows: A person under 20'at time of sentence and a first tormer
may be paroled at any time. A person over 20 and a first termer
wun be paroled after one-half of maximum term of sentence.
Good time is allowed to be deducted, It Governor revokes parole
00d time is only allowed Lrom time of return to penitentiary,
PENNEYLVANIA
A person convieted of a crime punishable by imprisonment in
State penitentiary shall be given an indeterminate sentence, with
Slated minimum snd maximum limits, which shall in neither ease
fsveed the limits provided by law for the stated crime, and the
hninimwm Hint. ‘shall never exceed one-half of the maximum
Vintenee preseribed by the cour!
‘The Board of Inspectors of each State penitentiary has the
power oF reeommencing the inmates tinder its jurisdiction for
Yurote to the Governor, At each monthly meeting of this Board,
Inmates whose minimum erm of sentence ine within three
mouths shall be given an opportunity to apply for release on
hurole. Paroles are issued or revoked by the Governor in accord-
snge with the recommendations made to him by this Board,
Prisoners confined in a county jail, house of correction, or work
house, may be released on parole by the Bourd of Prison Inspee
lors, with the consent of the judge of the court and the di
attorney of the distriet from which they were committed.
Raropm Tenax
‘There is no indeterminate sentence law in this State. The
Parole Board of the State consists of the Governor, the Atiomey-
General, and the warden of the State prison, the agent of State
Charities and Corrections and threo other citizens of the State
‘who shall be appointed by the Governor, with-the advice and eon-
vent of the Senate. Whenever a person convicted of any offense
Shall be sentenced to be imprisoned im the State prison or in any
county jail for a period of more than six months, such sentence
‘hall be subject to the control of the Board of Parle. In the ease
Of any prisoner whose sentence is subject to its contrel, unless such
Drisoner be sentenced to imprisonment for life or be confined as an,
hisbitaal criminal under the provisions of the general laves, the
Road of Parolo may by an affirmative vote of the governor and
at least to other members of the Board issue to. stich prisoner
‘ permit to be at Liberty on parole whenever such prisoner has
ved not Jess than one-half of the term for which he was sen-
fenced, ‘The prisoner to whom such permit ix issued shall be at
Uberty during the remainder of his term of sentence in accord
‘nce with the terms and conditions of his parole. Tf sueh prisoner
Vs confined upon more than one sentence such permit may be
Smed whenever he Bas served term equal to one-half of the
ygregate time which he shall be liable to serve under his several
sontences, unless he has hoen sentenced to serve two or more
‘rms eoneurrenily, in which ease such permit shall be issued when
has served & term equal to one-half of the maximum term he
96 Tue Passo Assocratios of New Yost
was required to serve, In computing the one-half of any term of
sentence, there shall be added to the time the prisoner has uetually
served the time he shall have earned for good canduet.
In # ease of an habitual eriminal such permit may be issued at
any time after such prisoner has served not less than five years
of the twenty-five years’ imprisonment which he is required to
serve by law. A parole permit may he issued to a prisoner sen.
tenced to life imprisonment after sueh prisoner has served nit
Jess than twonty years. However, it shall be issued only by tuna
imous vote of all the members of the Board and whenever after
the issue of such permit such prisoner shall be pardoned then the
eontrol of the Board over seh prisoner shall ease
A permit shall not be issued to any prisoner vnless it shall
appear to the Board that such prisoner has shown a disposition to
reform, that his conduct has been good while in prisou and that
hhe will be able to secure employment as soon as he is at Liberty
upon parole.
The Board may by a majority vote of all its members revoke
any permit to any prisoner. Whenever it shall appear thet the
prisoner has violated his conditions of parole or any of the laws
of the State during the time of his parole, the prisoner shill then
be returned to the prison from which he was released to serve the
remainder of his original sentence from the time of his parole
Alll permits and orders of the Board shall be signed by the Gor.
fernor and countersigned by the secretary of the Board,
Sourn Canosa
Tf the maximum sentence of imprisonment imposed by the eourt
fexceedis one year, except in the ease of life imprisonment, the sen
tence of the prisoner shall be for an indeterminate period to the
extent that the court shall preseribe a maximvim and. minimum
‘whieh shall ye within the limits preserihed by statute. The mini-
mum shall not be more then one-half of the maxinum and i
ceases in which no minimum is provided by law it shall be deemed
to be one year. ‘The Board af Pardons acts as the Board of Parole
At the expiration of the minimum sentence, without deduetion of
time for good behavior, any prisoner whose record has been good
for the twelve preceding months may apply for parole, An order
issued in quadruplicate, signed by a majority of the Board «sl
countersigned by the Governor directing the release oi parole
of a prisoner, is necessary for his release, ‘The prisoner is then
considered as serving the remainder of his sentence on parole and
shall not leave the Emits of the State without written permission
of a majority of the Board. Each prisoner on parole is made the
special charge of the State Board of Public Welfare and the
sheriff of the county of his residence, who are required to main
tain contact with him duzing the period of his parole
Inperemnvans Sextaven Laws ap Panoz Roues 97
Sours Daxors
It a person over sixtoon years of age, who has never bofore
‘heen convieted of a erime oF sentenced to the State penitentiary,
and who has not previously heen convietod of a felony, either
within or without the State, is eonvioted of an offense punishable
ly imprisonment in the State penitentiary, the court, in its dis.
cretion, may sentence such person to the penitentiary for a period
that shall be without limit as to time, However, such term shall
not be less than the minimum term provided by law, nor longer
than the maximnm term provided by law, for the erime for which
the prisoner was convicted. ‘The term of sentence more than the
‘minimum and less than the maximum fixed by Jaw shall be deter-
mined by the warden and the Board of Charities and Corrections
upon faets and eonehisions established by the scientife study and
atservation of the habits, disposition, character, eondnet and gen-
tral tendencies of the conviet
Prisoners may be paroled by the Governor upon recommenda.
tion from the warden, supported by a similar recommendation,
from the Board of Charitios and Corrections and the judge or
his successor before whom such persons were eonvieted, ‘provided
that a conviet serving an indeterminate sentence has served the
minimum of such sentence, leat good time, and that a convict given
tence allowing time earned for good behavior
‘Pawnee
Upon recommendation of the Stato Board of Administration,
wich ‘comprises both Pardon and. Parole Board, the Governoe
Shall have the power to eause to he released on parcle any prisonor
eld in the State penitentiary who has served the minimea (erm
rovided by law Zor the offense for which he was sentenced, est
ood time, provided, however, that no convict serving a life sen
fence shall be: paroled unless he has served twenty ve years, Tess
time allowanee for good conduct. Conviets on parole shall remain
in'the eustody of the Board of Administration. In considering
tnplicatio for pale, the Bosrd shall not entertain any petition,
weeive any written commanieation or hear any argument from
ny attorney or other person, not connected with the State pent
inary, in favor of or against the. parole or release of, any
Prisoner, but it may institute inquiries by eorresponttence aa to the
History, physical or mental eondition or character of the prisoner
The Board, through ite parole offeer, shall keep in communication,
tu far as possible, with all prisoners on parole. One-third of
paroled prisoner's wages is reserved by the Board until he makes
is final dlacharge, supposed to be in one year after Tleaso, but it
‘usually given af the diseretion of the Board. A tax of to dol
ney per mouth is imposed pon every paroled man to pay the
stlney of the Held agent.
98 ‘Tne Pasos Assoctamion of New Yort
Tras
‘That whenever any person seventeen years of ago oF over shall
be on trial for any felony, the jury tzying said eass shall not only
aseertain whether or not said person is guilty of the offense
charged in the indictment, but shall also in the verdict assess the
punishment or pénalty within the period of time fixed by law as
the maximum and minimam peualty for such offense; provided,
f the jury shall assess the punishment for sueh offense at 3
Ionger period of time than the minimum peviod of imprisonment
in the penitentiary for such offense, tuen the judge presiding in
such ease, in pasting’ sentenes on such person, instead of pro:
nouncing a definite {ime of imprisonment in the penitentiary on
‘sueh person so convicted, he shall pronounes upon such person jn
uch sentenee the minimum and maximum terms thereof, fixing
said sentence as the minimum time of imprisonment in the yeni
tentiary, the time now or hereafter preseribed by law as the mini
‘mum time of imprisonment in the penitentiary, aud as the maxi
sum time of such sinprisonment the term fixed by the jury in
© ry shall be by: pec
‘or imprisonment in the county. jail, oF both fi
ment in the cotnty jail, thea the provisions of this act shall not
apply,
Convicts Paroled, When Meritorious prisoners may be allowe
to go upon parole outside the building and jurisdiction of the
Penitentiary authorities, subject to the provisions of this act and
Yo such regulations and eonditions as may be made by the Boaril
of Prison Commissioners, with the approval of the Governor of
‘the State, and such parole siall be made ouly by the Governor or
with his approval
Paroled Prisoners Uniler Control of Board.—While on ‘such
parole suet prisoners shall remein under the contral of the Board
Of Prison Commissioners and subject at auy time to be tren back
within the physical possession and control of the said Board of
Prison Commissioners ax nnder the original sentence, but steht
retaking shall be at the diveetion of the Governor, and all orders
and warrants issued by said Board of Prison Commissioners unde
sach authority for the retaking of sack prisoners shall. be sul
cient warrants for all officers named therein to return to actual
eastody paroled conviets, and it is hereby made the duty of all
officers £0 execute such orders as ordinary’ criminal processes
Commissioners May Authorize Release on Parole Tt it shall
appear to said Board of Prison Commissioners, from a veport by
the warden or gergeant of such prison, or upon an application by
a conviet for release on parole” as hercinbefore provided, ‘hl
there is reasonable probability that such applicant will live anil
Ixpprmansars Smumevor Laws axp Panotr Rous 99
reimsin at Wberty without violating the law, then sald Board of
Piha Commissioners nay authorize. the ‘release of such ap-
Pee spon parle, and such eppieant, Shall thereupon be
sree toga upon parole oulside of said prison walls and en-
[eGse, ups te tern and conditions as said Board shall pre:
se al ta remain while bo on, pavele sn the Tegal eastody and
SENS the ontral of the said. Hoard of Prison, Commissioners
orf mhe oapieution of the, maximim term specie in Bis. se.
ret de nerdinbefore provided, or until his absolute discharge as
\freinatter provided.
"fiolute Discharge—If it shall appear to the said Board of
peter Commissioners that there is-¢ Feasonable probebility that
iy prisoner co om parole wil Hive and remain at liberty without
Molating the lase, and that his absolute discharge from imprison.
Hout Ay not incompatilo with the welfare of society, then said
Mee ar Prison Commissonety shall ou to such prisoner a
Hurd secre rom sinprisonment pon sick sentence and
which shally elective thet pate Son
Norale of Prisomers Serving. Under Indeterminate Sentence —
whantver ang prisoner serving am indetermaste sentence, shall
have served for twelve months, on parole, in 2 manner aeceptable
1eEeponed ‘ot Dein Commissioners, the said Board shalt er.
He sush fas to Hh Governor, withthe Foepmmendation that ee
SA Biltoner he pacdouet and finally discharged from the sen
sae ree hel he ie cereing. it it shall be the duty of the
Pson" Commincon to cortints its supervision and cre. over
hine'ng the Governor shall Ber-
ram
An indeterminate sentonco law for all felonies except tremon
vad varios homie
pat makes ng stineion Velmeen fst offender and ae
vette, Manse ot any offender, aide from murder in te fst
venee. sf permeable et any time st the option of the Board of
Beet” Brmsnorcomvited of rst degree maurdcr mast sexve
Hot advent god thea four mominr gf the Bord must
ct naan this papal ‘Paroledpanner 4 in the toga te
Exp Canitahntl ofthe warden and. Board of Pardons. The
Bale eno‘have hin romprsoned wt any tne
100 ‘Tam Prison Assoctastioy or New Your
Vaewont
‘The Governor hus power to grant @ conditional pardon upon
such conditions as he judges proper, While on parole, the enn
Viet is until control of the Governor and he may have the eon
viet reconfined at any time if he feels that parole conditions have
been violated, ‘The Governor has decreed the parole period shall
beat least twviee ‘as long as the minimum sentenee but neve
more than the maximam. Tn the ease of a previous commitment
a man may have to serve the maximum. Parole violators must,
serve the balance of the time hetwoon the minimum and the max
mum, with good time of.
‘Visorsta
‘The parole law has heen deelared unconstitutional, ‘There is no
Parole Board nor oficers.. ‘Phere is a law that gives each prisoner
ten days off his full sentence for good conduct. The Governor
may at any time pardon a prisoner.
Wastixatox
Has indeterminate sentence law. ‘The statutes fix the Limits as
to the minimum and the maximiim terms snd the court, im ite
diseretion, can impose a mibimnin and maxinnum term anywhere
‘within these limits, ‘The Parole Board ean exercise parole juris
Giction only after expiration of minimum term. According t0
rules parole board may at any time revoke parole, Arrangements
for employment must be made before parcl
and prisoner mast
report monthly. Prisoner may not leave Stale without consent
of Board,
West Vorsmers
‘The Governor shall have anthority, under such rules and regu
lations as he may preseribe, to iasue @ parole or permit to eo
at large to any conviet. ‘The Governor shall designate two ‘per:
Sons, who, together with the warden of the penitentiary, shall eon
suitute a Parole Board. Before considering apy ease for parole
the Board through its seeretary, shall require a written report
and recommendation of the captain of the gnard of the prison.
the report of the physician as to the health of the prisoner and
fa report as to his conduet while in prison, also a statement frot
‘the proseenting attorney and the (vial judge. ‘The report of thes
officers shall be soparate. In no ease shall any eonviet be revo:
mended for parole unless there is in the judgment of the Board
reasonable ground to believe that he will if paroled live and re-
main at Iiderty without violating the law. No illiterate person,
tinless more than thirty years of age at the time of his sentence,
‘will be paroled. No eonviet will be paroled unless he has served
the minimum sentence for the crime upon which he was. com:
vieted. ‘The term of parole will be wholly at the will of the
Governor. Unless otherwise specified in the exeentive order
granting the parole, it shall he for the rest of the term of the
eonviet, reckoning good time the same as while serving within
the prison, or for the remainder of the maximum senteneo in the
Ixoesemanare Sseravce Laws axp Panoun Ruuts 102
case of convicts sentenced under the indeterminate sentence law.
No conviet under parole shall be permitted to leave the State with
tut a writven permit to do so issued by the Governor. Every
furoled convict shall report in writing over his signature to the
Minden for the first twelve months on the first day of cach
Muunth, ‘The first twelve reports must also be countersigned by
in employer of the person on parole.
‘Wrscoxsns sel
‘There is an indeterminate sentence low for certain classes o
ccreeTSye Macnee for hich nhl not be Tess Sinn the mini
Saum nor more than the maximum prescribed by law for the
Mouse" The power of parole is vested in the Board of Control
Meee Gmonders serving an indeterminate sentence may make ap
Teuton for parole af the end of the minimum period. ‘The see-
Tn offender, nerving an indeterminate sentence, must serve one
Pair OF the maaximum period before being eligible for parole. No
tioner Serving # determinate sentence will be permitted to fle
veetpatication for parole until he has served at least one-half of
Wis tuntence, "Only applications from prisoners of the first grade
US "Considered by the Board of Parole. Upon receipt of an
Spvlication the secretary of the Board shall give proper notice
aegte receipt to the proseenting attorney and the judge presiding
Ui the teiel for their reeommendations or objeetions,
i Oy icin ser ineligible. ‘Paroled convict i in logal ext
ete cio rast ae pte Se
aot ft, eat ete te
302 ‘Tem Puigon Assoctuiox or New Your
From
Any prisouer confine! for a term over one your may he parolel
atier serving onethied of the term or terms for which he was
Sentenced, or if sentenced for life, when he has served not Tes
than ‘fifteen years, ‘The Board of’ Parole -eonsiate of Superin
tendent of Prisons of the Departmen! of Justice, the warden of
ach United "States penitentiary and iis physica, Tt esta
lishes roles for procedure subject to Attorney Generai’s appro
Prisoner may make application for parole. "He ‘is under contra
of the warden of the prison trom ‘which paroled ‘mnlil_ expiry
tion of Yerm minus good tine allowance. "He dx given a Limke of
feeidence, "The "United. States" Attorney-General must approw
fiction of Board before relense on parole. ‘The warden may’ have
the parole violator errested, Ie then appears before the Boanl
Of Parole which decides aetion on his ease. Tf he is veimprisons}
hen time’ on parole does nol count toward sentence.” Pardiod
prisoners are supplied with clothing, transportation, and money
Hot to exceed Sve dollars except for ‘hose released fromthe
United States Industrial Reformatery at Chilicathe, Obo, wh
are allowed fen dollars. A United States prisoner confined fa a
State reformatory is eubjeet to the parote laws of that Stale. The
United States Aorney-Gauerl sac! approve the order, fur
patole, however, and a prisoner when granted parole may be pet
Initted to return to the State where he Hes nnd. fm such. ease
Mall be tnder the supervision of the macshal OF his dstsiet.
‘Above al taws is the power of the President to. grant pardon
or commutation in any ease, and nothing in the laws shall be
sonstrned to. smpaiv or revaxe such wood time allowance as is or
nay be provided by Act of Congress
“The prisoner must be in the Ighest grade for six months pre-
coding his application for parole. He may apply but twiee and
fhe second time must be pon new evidence
‘The application must be in writing, Eiaployment most be
assured. Written monthly reports which ave eonntersigned hy
responsible person must be sont to the parole ofleer to whom
the paroled prisoner has boon assigned,
CHAPTER X
JHE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION OF GREATER
NEW YORK
‘the Department of Correction of Creater New York is under
rtpertiion of a Commissinnes of Corretion who is sppointed
jie saP Stover, Tue present Commissioner, Frederick A. Wallis,
aceappainted by Mayor, Walker
“pale Department ie charged with the custody of all persons de-
tained for tral inthe Magisteates" Courts, Special Sessions, Gen-
far festlons or Supreme: Courts, of Federal prisoners awaiting
Eh, Sund‘of ‘all prioners convicted by those courts and avwaitin
rramueer” Ye sna has overs over several penal and correctional
reiitutions whieh receive short erm prisoners sentenced from the
touts of Greater New York
‘The custodial institutions under the care of the Department, to
nich prisoners go at the time of their arrest and in which they aro
walt abating crit, are fhe Tombs City Prisom, the Brooklyn City
Biilon” Queens, City Prison, the Jelletson Market Poison for Wo
then and the 58rd Street District Prison.
i Court square, Long Island
Fommodation of men. and 72 eolls’for women,
Prison, af 217 West Sard street, which is used for prisoners held
‘cximination for the 4h, 7éh and 10th District Courts, con-
iaiug 37 old type brick cells and two dormitories. Jefferson Mar-
‘priuon for Women at 10th street and Sixth avenue is located
nan old building adjacent to the Second District Court for men
and te Women's Court. Tt contains about 85 cells. The other
Tiaisiet prisons contain pens in which prisoners are held awaiting,
tir eall before the Court, ™
‘The penal and corvectional institutions under the supervision of
iajs Department sre the Penitentiary and Correction Hospital on
sifare Island, the Reformatory Prison on Hart's Island, Muni.
1081
aos ‘Tue Paisox Associanon or New Yori
cipal Farm, Riker's Island, New York City Reformatory, New
Hampton, Orange county, ike Women’s Farm Colony at Grey
court, Orange county, and a farm at, Warwick, New York. The
‘ised ax n colony for inebriates,
the first part of which was completed in 1822,
is located on the south end of Welfare Island near the 59th Street
bridge.
sentenced ‘tothe penal and. correctional
New York, exeept those between the ages of 16 and 30 who ace
sentenced to New Yor City Reformatory. Such prisoners ave
transferred directly from the Tombs to New Hampton. Correction
Hospital is located on the north end of Welfare Tsland in a build
ing constracted in 1852, and was formerly known a8 the Worl:
house. ‘The Municipal Farm Prison is situated on Riker’s Tsland,
‘This tract of land which originally consisted of about 64 acres of
‘virgin soil has inereased to about 640 aeres by filing in with ashes
and refuse from the StreetCleaning Department and with earth
from ety exeavations, ts Tocation is just south of Hunt's Pott,
‘The Reformatory Prison is situated on Hart's Island, a narrow
strip of land about one mile long,
north of City Island. This instttution was formerly used as a
hospital for the insane. The New York City Heformatory is &
‘modern institution constructed on a 600 acre farm at New Hamp.
ton, The Women’s Farm Colony at Greyeourt also is. located an
4 farm whieh comprises some 279 acres. The farm at Warwiek is
situated in this aame section of the country and is operated in eo
nection with the New York City Reformatory
Hovsixa
‘Those persons who are detained in the city prisons are housed,
fone in a cell, with the exception of the Tombs City: Prison,
whieh, because of the exeessive number of inmates assigned to {het
institution, it is necessary to house two persons each sp froin 100)
Inmates assigned to the Women's Farm Colony, New
‘York City Roformatory for Boys, the Penitentiary, and, to’ some
. in Coreeetion Hospital, are honsed in cells: " Dormitories
fare used exclusively: at the Municipal Farm Prison, Riker’ Island.
the Reformatory Prison, Hart's Island, and, to some extent, at the
Penitentiary and Correction Hospital
‘The buildings at many of these institutions are by no means
proof. This is especially trie at Riker's Island where the dori.
Hoxies are nothing more than wooden barracks arranged side by
side. Also at Hart's Island there are only two buildings which
can be said to be even semi-fireproof. A large dormitory building
which was constructed ss an industrial building at the Penitentiary
Js a dangerous fire trap. The mess hall and kitehen and the
assembly hall at New Hampton are wooden strictures, and the
floors and ceilings of some paris of Correction Hospital and Jeffer
son Markot Prison for women are of wood.
‘Tae Depauruenr or Conrscrion or Gnzarun Naw Yors 105
Saxaniow
Sanitary facilites afforded by modem plumbing, such as toilets
ciwash basins, are established throughout the individual
ihe cy prisons ‘and tho dormitories of these Hnattutions.
‘prioners confined in the cells at the Penitentiary and Correc-
tion Hompltal whigh "were constructed before the invention of
{ise modern’ appliances are still foreed to use the unsanitary
rete hited io to be rogretted, itis not altogether surprisa
with equipment hes not been added to te ells of these in
Mindows. “ier however, s-an appalling fact and. almost beyond
stclligent comprehension that the calle of the institutions of the
See Genk Chiy Heformatory. and the Women's Farm Colony,
Mitch were constructed. as late as 1916, were not supplied with
Mavendences necessarg-to the health andl morale of persons whe
See"etntined tar skems for lg periods at time, This, physieal
wotdty whieh is not provided for at these institutions, because
A huiiforenee'or gros! negligence on the part of those charged
Sith their construction, is met at the. Women's Farm Colony by
Mee Joors of the’ cells unlocked tall times, and at the Now
YourEiyy Noformatory by requiring the kesper bo charge to un
ieck‘che Sells and permit she inmates the use of Ue general toile
Shenever this. petnission is aed.
CuAsswieuniox AND Seoxxoai0N
In the city prisons it is the general practice to segregate the
toys between the ages of 16 and 21 on tiers or in sections apart
from the other inmates. Also all boys of this age consigned 10
aquarters by themselves. rk
fords exeellent opportunity for classification and segregation as
the prison is divided into separate floors with seven eclls on each
{de. "Women assigned to Correction Hospital are segregated with
Tegard to their racial color and for the purpose of medical treat-
Teal, ‘Those requiring treatment for venercal disease or as drug.
hudigts ate assigned to isolation wards where such treatment 1s
iiministered, Colored Women who do not require medical treat-
nent are assigned for work at this institution. White women who
ds not requive medical treatment and who have two or more pre-
Volt eonvietions are transferred to the Women's Farm Colony.
hose who live uo previons institutional record are assigned to
the Queens City Prison, while those who are classified as habitual
criminals beeause of several previous eonvietions, are gent to the
Frookiyn City Prison where they are employed at, housework.
Male prisoners in the city prisous, or in the Penitentiary and
its allied institutions, who are receiving treatment for venereal
‘tseases or who are drug addicts, are isolated for treatment. Other
vale prisoners held in the eity prisons are permitted to commingle
jimmately during exercise periods, without reference to
re lor, character ‘or previous record, This same statement is also
106 ‘Tam Prison Assocraniox or New York
true of Penitentiary men, with the exception that eolored men are
assigned to work in gangs ly themselves. ‘This lack of facilitiss
for segregation tends to promote oviminality among the men whose
minds are unoccupied during the period of their eonfinemen
‘The Sirst offender is, without a doubt, often entertained by the
exploits of the habitual erimival, The remark is Frequently heard
that when oue man of certain gang is arvested, it iy easy 10 g
the remaining members of his group because the prison authori
ties know sho bis companions were during the period of his i
eureoration, "The practice of housing prisoners, in dormitories
renders useless any atlempt to separate men of different elaracter
Ie is true that at the Municipal Farm Prison, the Penitentiary
prisoners and the Worklouse prisoners are housed in separate
Eroups in dormitories. ‘This, however, does not provide adequate
Separation of first offenders from those ‘who ave skilled in erime
Regurdless of the favorable or unfavorable phyieal conditions
at the various instinitions, for the separation of prisoners, there
is still Incking In the Deparument a seientifle elassifieation and
separation and distribution of the inmates, In 1916 legislation
(chapter 526) was passed which had as its purpose the setting wp
Of the necessary seientitic procedure and pezsonnel to make for
more intelligent and wise classification and distribution of prison
crs, However, this has tot as yet been accomplished, although
fn the beginning the plan was earried go far as to remove all. the
industries from the Penitentiary at Welfare Island, thereby making
available a budding which was intended to be ihe classifation
center. Until theve is developed a system which will allow for
the application of scientific methods of classifeation of prisoners
there ‘will continue the mnsatisfactory free commingling of the At
and the unfit and the promising with the unpromising, all of
Shieh gives little hope of beiuging about improvement inv the in
Uividnal prisoner where sueh might be posible,
Bannon
Uneonvieted prisoners cannot legally be requited to work
therefore those held in the eity prisons awaiting tvial ov action of
the Grand Jury are without employment, Sentenced prisoners,
however, are expected 10 work. AS male inmetes ere received at
the Penitentiary they are interviewed by the Warden and note i=
made of their past employment. They are ‘tien assigned to the
‘arions institutions imdler the Department of Correction for house
work, farm work or to the industries at Hart's Island. Certain
groups are assigned to the Tombs City Prison, the Brooklyn City
Prison, Queens City Prison and the Sed Street Jail, for cleaning
and maintenance vi
‘From 450 10 600 prisoners are regularly Kept at the Municipal
Farm on Riker’s Island and are there employed at housework
‘leaning, farming, uioading scows, amd s few are sent to a>
Janitor work at the Riverside Hospital on North Brother Island.
About 850 prisoners are assigned to the Reformatory Prison
‘tae Deaxsuesie ov Connscrton o Gauaren New York 107
the mana
snd other
Correction
departments Snstitation
jn housework
1600 peachers
ee a tay
soe Ne oe Oe nae cll
3 Metta i Giag't few hue ca day en hey
ea ATTit thee in any truth to that, itis certain that im the
Bee a ee tm sy there bs abandant opportunity for
New Zonk County, Penitentiary ere hater good rematce
sistas co tetftatin With day ltr ay yen,
ere ering feiemis gn erime and in developing schemes to be
aad In aking Fen te cles bene practically
aa Ot tod
fie Hoe hem 20.20, oy Ttampton restven fants
Gare ¥ ‘They aro classified and assigned
foe
ropleyanen Fos women
oats Sr tte necosary
tin a nk
eee es os made dor amie ol
apervien Sue Women's Farin Colony at Greyeourt have
Fe te tte ant tine leh necemary forthe maine
ie empleymen sraibaa A. small sewing room containing Y0
108 ‘Tae Pawox Assoctanion or New Your
sewing raachines has heen established but for a greater part of the
time there is insufficient material to keep these inachines in oper,
tion. During the summer months a few of the inmates: comiun
a garden,
proper solution to the problem of employment is one of the
most essential feattres of any correctional system. It is apparene
that this problem has not heen properly dealt with by the bevher.
ties of our city. Until the problem is taken up setiously by the
city anthorities, we eannot hope for nn intelligent and constre
administration of the institutions
Sfunreas
‘The health of persons held in the eity prisons awaiting trial is
inder the direct supervision of a visiting physician who devotes
either fall or part time according to the sive of the prison
illness is of a yinor nature it is treated by this physician but
serious the prisoner is transferred to oue of the ity. hospitals
Persons who are diagnosed as suiforing from infectious diseases re
‘from the other prisoners.
I needs: of
rectional institutions is i
ne In the hospitals of
‘inmates suffering from venereal diseast,
drug addiction, tuberculosis and aleoholism are segregated ond
treated. “Major operations of a curative or correctional satire are
performed. “Inmates serving seitences in institutions apart from
Veltare Island are transferred to these hospitals for mayor oper
Uons, ‘This practice is a distinet hardship for those palsents
required to travel from the more distant. institutions
Tubercular prisoners from the penitentiary and che workhouse
are sent to Hart's Tsland, and there assigned to what is mown a
the iting. ‘This building was orignally intended as ¢
two-story hospital, but before it was completed It was discoverel
that the foundations would not support two stories, and it was
completed as a one-story structure.” Tt consists of ‘single room
‘bout 40 feet wide and 100 feet long and without partitions
When more inmates are assigned than there are beds to
Accommodate, the situation is solved by putting additional cots in
the walking ‘space down the middle of the oor. ‘There sre a0
nurses. ‘The cily saves the expense af hiring nurses hy compelling
such tubercular patient as ar able ta walk to wait om the patients
who are bedridden. Rarely hive any of these prisoners the
slightest medical Inowledge or training necessary ‘forthe cane
of the tubercular. There is no way of seeregating these sick
Prisoners according to the various Stages or Kinds of heir illness,
Sinee all are housed in one room. It is quite possible, thet
Drisoner who has a chance of getting well, will he assigned to 4
ot near a prisoner in the last stages of' the malady.” This is
‘Tam Devarmacexr oF Connection oF Gaxaren New York 109
cotter da Ste neh, den
t ntbriteson toe nye Of Se 388 patents
th fae have estate there ony oe eho
sown fo tane returned to dete of druge, ‘The Suthers
tant tht ose pio of tie ut pas foe the somplee
‘Heel f'tie ert cn be powns "Bet bouase of the spparat
food coals wiich'aie QuChW thal an from th ‘poaspl
fea of rsp eh Have scene fhe teste npn
Sh'plen conitionflloing he taking of this etme
their condition after receiving other treatments, there is a strong
selina etting ang the autores ho haf ese patent
mike are Ht ths estnent wil Ore pest arattcment
Shoal others, 'reont numer tthe New Fort aetcat Jour
walond Rowse trite report pned by Dr: Laer ana Br
ary conirmiog the appaest ste of the totes ant
tna fn the et of Vu expennenaign at Comevon Ho:
Phe ene of the tenn Seb n te Topo
Sho
sare aan Serbs 2 Sat ee one x ey
i trenton ny hae cris” a pony fatal neti ‘9
1 a eS aes Ee Ma ts
The report adds
‘tome and
te
0 ‘Tux Puisos Assootamox op Naw Yous
‘The eeport states that thicty to sisty i
during which time if a patient has resorted to morphine of ellie;
sareotc the ssraptoms betray the fact The ete oh nanan
io neutralize toxic substances in the body which cause the sensi.
Mon of craving in the absence of the ial narcotic, "eevee
nareotic property in nareosan. °
wea ea lh
atu "ho pants are ang ts
iin the reat n i
rina a
i doom appecinte
Sentenced to penal and correctional inseitntions i ous of the meet
Tf the institution is to develop its charges toward perma.
Aetions indicate a derange tal condition, he ie
mission is appointed hy the court to make final recommendation
physical welfare. The e3 ci
‘who were referred to his division, From Jamaaee} to Tone
1926, 453 different patients came under his supervision for elassi
fieatfon, But this was only 40 per cone of Ue e304 eater
‘Tue Deparmuevn or Conszcrion oy Gueanae New York 111
sppointmont of Iunacy commissions by the courts. ‘The lack of
Pyehiatrical snd psychological classification of prisoners is a
ferious handieap in the administration of the penal and eorrec-
tional institutions of the Department of Correction. Tt is especially
a handicap to the New York City Reformatory which numbers
Among its inmates only those who are young first offenders. This
tags of prisoners is particularly receptive to reformatory methods,
fasare employed in other institutions of the State,
Dawrat
‘The dentists employed by the Department do only extraction
work, ‘If other work is required, the cost must be met by. the
inmates or their friends and in special eases may be paid from
regrettable that the same’ excellent
as are supplied for the treatment of their other physical ill,
Epueasion’
Usually institutions classified as reformatories provide schools
for industrial training and schools of letters and require all inmates
to pursue certain courses of stady. Tho institutions of the Depart
ment of Correction are not equipped for the mental training of
the Inmates and the teaching of trades. With the exception of a
‘voodworking class at the City Reformatory, in whieh there were
‘nly seven Jnmates enrolled on October 7, 1926, there is no vooa-
tional instruction given to a worth while degree to the many
prisoners in these institutions. “Tr is true that @ certain amount
Of practical work i requized of inmates who aro tradesmen in the
upkeep of buildings and equipment, Only about two hundred
prisoners are employed in industries at Hart's Island. Also the
Sowing room at Correetion Hospital supplies industry for a limited
amber of colored women. But the great_mass of prisoners are
idle and therefore are not being mude ready for release through
industey and training.
Rexiciovs Suaviors
ry institution of the Department has @ chapel. Services ari
jaies of the Catholic, Protestant and Jewish
tations a service is allowed for followers
ft the Christian Seienee Chureh. ‘These serviees are supplied hy
‘chaplains who aze attached to the staff of the institutions or fur
hished by churches in tho vicinity of the institution.
‘Rrownarion
‘The only relisf which inmates receive from, the monotony of
being confined in their ells is through exercise periods in the
corridors outside the cells, At the Queens City’ Tail and the
m2 ‘Tue Pawox Assocation o# New York
Jefferson Market, Prison for Women, bocause of better facilitien
for separation, prisoners are permitted the free use of the eorridors
during the day.
Recreational features in the institutions reeetving sentenced
prisoners include moving pictures at nearly. all institutions, bi
ball at the City Reformatory and the Municipal Farm, radi
grams at Women’s Farm Colony and the Munieipal Fas
grams by the institutional band are furnished at the City Re
Zormatory. Also this institution has an enclosed field in which
basket ball and other outdoor games are played
Cusoota Foxe
The institutions are directly in charge of wardens oF superin.
tendents, who, without exception, are conscientious and eager to do
their utmost to earry on in an effective manner the work of the
Department of Correction and to attend to the needs of the inmates
commited to their char.
‘They are handienpped by old and inadequate equipment, an
unter by an imutieent anes of beapees hese Ipsos
without exception need more keepers to properly guard the groups
of prisoners employed outside the watls, ‘Tus need has continually
heen pointed out by the Commisioner of the Department of Cor
rection, the Prison Astociation, and ofher organizations to the city
authorities. ‘The requests for mote keepers have only heen partially
‘Tn 8 report by the grand jury following its investigation of the
attempted break {rom the Tombs City Prison op Novetnber 3, 1926
the opinion of that body was that the eause was primarily due to
the fact that the custodial forees were inadequate, .
Deeaxnauovr oF Tasssrorzamios
‘The Department of Correction maintaing a Department of Trans
portation which has a number of automobile vans for the trans
Porting of prisoners to and from the various institutions anit die
{Het courts of the sity. "Prisoners are avally manacied in pair
during transportation. They are then crowded together in these
‘ose man who must act both
quand. Tf attacked by friends oF accomplices of
these pists he woul be exponed tera danger and he be
ners might ensly be liberated, It is evident that an extra gna
should be added. oo
Ness
‘The unsatisfactory conditions which have been deseribed as exit.
dag in the situs the Depastnent of Gomecion are
angely by the fact sat mort of the buildings are old, inadequate
tu pootly eauipped. ‘The Prison Astociation has unged for yoats
iat there fe constructed” on. iker's Island. a new penitentiary
‘which "would provide modem and approved’ housing’ feclities
pme Deranraent or Consncrioy op Guearin New York 113
shih would allow for the separation and clusifeaton of prisoners,
TR ich would alo anake’ posible the establishment of suitable
‘Mhustsen uy provide work witch i ao much needed, and vorational
lautealemtetreieang. Tn addition to new buildings there would,
af course ved to be employed seientiSe methods forthe study and
S1eettation ofthe, inmate population, so that the idon af the
Guifideal treatment of priconers, 20 far as ix practicable could
smavat ia operation. Oue of the drawbacks to the correctional
tt Gf the eit, and. this applies abnost everywhere im. the
HERE Stater so far an the penal end correctional rnsticutions are
Touteined io that prisoners are dealt with in the “mass” and not
stasoord with their individual needs.
eeiditiom ea the, industrial and other activities that might be
carted on at Tuker's Island ax a part of the proposed new pea
SECURE, Beopeam: there would be ample oppertunity for vegetable
Seieg ?"ehecllnt results have alvendy been shown and. with
ove imensive applleation ean be increased
Se rtettjer sftuctural needs in the, Department to allow for
leitce Rousing facies and a more intelligent elasiieation and
tee tom off prisoners the Prison Avsociation is tm accord, and
ees the adoption of the program set forth hy “Commissioner
Wolfe in December, 1926." oe page 89.)
Ranconarexosvions
‘The recommendations of he Prison Association for the needs of
tng individual institutions aze as Follows
Now York Couwry Pexrrmmans, Welfare Isand
1 that modern penitentiazy be constructed on Riker":
Talend ;
2. Pending constuction of new penitentiary, no prisoners
SRowld ‘pe enfined in the dormitory above the fst foo.
That the Solna up of brisoners im she ells bo avorded as
uch 2s, posto,
That emplopiment be provided for all able bodied prisoners
That sddiconal guaeds be provided for the supervision of
work gan
, Th edaitonat accommodation be immediately provided at
Mike's islana'co relieve the Over-erowding at Welfare
Island
Mowrrpat, Pa, Riker’s Ieland .
“that the jccetary Funds be provided so that construction
wf he'new penitintary ean’ te started
2, that temporary quarters be. provided for from 200 to 400
Mhastiowal adn to relieve the over-erowding at, Welfere
‘sland
4, That adUitional Keepers be provided to overcome’ the need
Oe ae keoper being alone with lange ainber of men
using the night abit
4, That ihe largest possible nse be made of refuse to enlarge
fe sezeage of this Island.
ut ‘Tux Prison Associarion or New Your
Revonutatory Prisox, Hart's Island
1. The old men’s home hoilding showla be demolished and a
Suitable fireproof structure provided.
2. That adequate fre protection for all the buildings of this
institution be provided:
3. hat more keepers he furnished
4, That more adopiate space he provided for industeies
New Yous Cry Reronsstonr, New Hamp
1. That this institation be oFzanized a8 a modern reformatory
ool nd. ehoal of letters sp that
ive training
2 That a cinio whiel woud make use of standard iutelligens:
tele and mechanic apttnde and pesformance toh
established Tor the determining of the mental capacity
each inmate. Z °
That additional buildings be constructed to contain about
160 els, each Zully equipped with sanitary toilets ane
unin ra
That the wooden buildings used as a mes hall and assembly
hall be replaced by fireproof structures. bs
‘That military drill und piesa! training be instituted
. That suitable cellar accommodations be provided ‘for the
storage of vegetables. The present aecomustations are
‘That ueeded equipment for the dental offlee and hospital
be supplied.
‘That additional books and periodicals be secured for the
library,
Womrn’s Fame Covoxy, Greyeourt,
1. That an additional wing for ihe accommodation of 150 in
mates he constructed,
2 That industries ‘be developed to supply employment for
all. inmates.
3, That 2 gohooi of letters be established
4 That 2 library be secured.
5. That an open space in the vicinity of the building be
‘screened in, to afford open air exercise for the inmat
6. That farm activities be developed, to an extent that. will
allow, for the providing of vegetables for the greater
art of the year for the inmates of this institut
Connecrsox Hoserras, Welfare Island,
1. As Jong as this institution is maintained its administe
should he in the hands of one person directly responsible
lo the Commissioner. "The divided administrative au
thority which now exists is undesirable
2 ‘That this institution be removed to Riker’s Tsland as a part
of the general plan for the new penitentiary, the women
prisoners to be taken oare of throngh edd:tional accom.
modations at Greyeourt,
‘Tae Derawrmeyr of Coxnvorion ov Guzaver New Youre 115
Towns Cry Pusox, New York City.
1. That a new wing whieh would serve as the beginning of
‘a new prison be constructed.
‘That facilitios be provided for the classification of prisoners,
8. That @ mess hall and a hospital be provided,
4 That money and valiablet of prisoners should be taken
from them for safe keeping when admitted and to guard
against tipping of Keepers. ‘That purchases from the
commissary be made by 2 written order from the prisoner
or throught a tieket system.
Brooxtxs Crry Prusox, Brooklyn
1. That mental (suspected insane) eases he transferred to the
payelopathic waed of Kings County Hospital, where
they ean be more humanely and intelligently handled,
2. That the present commingling of the different classes of
prisoners during the exercise periods be avoided.
8. That a well equipped mess hall for the men’s seotion be
supplied.
4 ‘That the erection of the prison wall be completed and a
guard house he constructed.
5. That_money and valuables of prisoners be taken from
them for safe keeping when admitted and that purchases
from the commissary be allowed ont of this money by a
written order from the inmat
6, That additional keepers be provided to better supervise the
central court during the exereise periods,
Quexs's Ciry Pro.
1, That additional supervision be provided in order that the
mu yard may be. used ab regular periods by the
prisoners for exereise
2. That a drainage system be installed in the peison yard.
8. That an addition be built-in the rear of the prison to pro-
ide for a well equipped laundry and for adequate space
for s kitehen and mess hall
sap Sawer Tai
1. Better accommodations shovld be provided for women
prisoners, awaiting eall before the Seventh District Court,
who are now held by # matron in the congested offtee of
this prison,
2. A well equipped mess hall should be provided,
8. ‘The courts shonld hasten the trial of the prisoners, held
for months, in the small eells of this prison,
Tuppreos Marker Prisox.
1. A modern bnilding should he constructed to be used as
‘a Teeeiving institution, hospital and elassifieation building
for women offenders,
2. The commingling of first offenders and habitual offenders
should bo avoided in the detention pens adjoining the
eonrt rooms.
‘Tue Prisox Association ov New York
‘5th Disreter Prison (Harlem Prison)
1. This prison, whieh contains forty brick cells, has bee
elosed for’ several months. Tt should be re-opened for
the commitment of young male first offenders convicted
of minor offenses and senteneed to short terms of ten days
or less. This would relieve overcrowding at the other
institutions to whieh they are now committed,
Oruen Distater Prisos
‘The 3rd (Essex Market), 4th (158 Bast 57th strest), 6th
(Brook avenue and 162d street), Sth (West Farms), and
the 12th (Washington Heights), are equipped only ‘with
cells oF pens for the detention of prisoners awaiting call
before the court
1. The eustody of these prisoners is divided between the De-
partment of Correction and the courts. ‘They should
be entirely under the jurisdiction of the Department of
Correction.
Food should be supplied by the Department of Correction
for prisoners held at these courts over the noon hour
period,
Under the present systom of handling prisoners by the Depaxt-
ment of Correction, the sheriffs of the five borougis, the police,
the courts, the Parole Commission, and other allied azencies, there
isan unnecessary duplication of ‘activities and jurisdiction. To
cffect better service at less expense, the Prison Association makes
the following recommendations
1. ‘That the Bronx and Richmond County jails be menged into
the Department of Correction. (See pages 138 to 150,
1923 Report, Prison Association.)
and material witnesses, of the counties
‘ings, Queens, Bronx and Richmond, now
hold by the sheriffs, be placed in the custody of the De
partment of Correction, and that the transportation of
prisoners now conducted by the sheriffs, he taken over
bby the Department of Correction. (See pages 54 to 63,
1824 Report, Prison Assoviation.)
8. That the custody of prisoners while in eourt be placed
under the jurisdiction of the Department of Correstion
4. That a central bureau of eriminal records and statisties be
established, and that the activities ‘and records of the
criminal identifieation bureaus of the Police Department,
the Department of Correetion, the Magistrates’ Courts,
the Court of General Sessions,’the Court of Special Ses:
sions, the County Courts of ‘Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens,
and ‘Richmond, the Supreme Court (ériminal braueh),
the district attorneys of the five counties, the Parole Com.
mission, and the Civil Service Commission be merged into
the central bureau,
CHAPTER XI
Cost OF UNITED STAT) N
COUNLY INSTITUTION
One of the greatest contributing causes of overcrowding of
prisoners in the Tombs, and to a considerable extent also im the
City Prison of Brooklyn, and Jefferson Market Prison in Man
hattas, is the housing of Federal prisoners in these institutions.
The average number of Federal prisoners held in these ins
tions every day is about 100, with two-thirds to three-fourths of
them iin the Tombs The number frequently rans as high as
12
Tn addition to the undesirable custodiat conditions this situation
presents, the City of New York actually pays more than half the
Nepense of kevping the Federal prisoners” Figures recently cot
piled by Sidney W. Brewster, warden of district prisons, indicate
that the ewstedy of Federal prisoners has cost the taxpayers of New
York City a total of $126,821.95 in the last five years, or an aver
age of about $25,000 a year, This arises out of the fact that the
Federal government does not pay the city enough to defray the
‘cost of taking care of its prisoners.
fe United States government now pays the Department of
Correction $1 a day Zor the maintenance and. safe-keeping of each
prisoner. As against that the figures of the department show that
this service eosts the city $191 in the Tombs, and $1.70 in the
City Prison in Brooklyn.
No United States prisoners have been heli in the city prison of
uegns singe 1928, but the cost tothe city, here weed Yo run from
57 to $5.16 9 dat that time the Federal government
ras paying the city nly 40 ents a day for each prisone, After
protest by the eity Washington last year agreed to raise its al-
lowanee 0 $1.00 a day.
"This imposition upon the taxpayers is not restricted to New York
City, bat fs sommon throughout the eountry, ‘The rales paid by
the government appear to be based upon no logical eousiderati
but Bave been arrived at by a procems of haggling between local
ail officials and the Federal treasury
‘The United States government uses more than 900 county and
ity jails for detention of its prisoners awaiting trial or sen-
‘An investigation of this situation by Dr. Hastings H. Hart,
Chairman of the Committee on dails of the American Prison Ass
ciation, shows that the rate varies from twenty eents a Gay for
housing, guarding and feeding prisoners in five jails in Porto
Rico to three dollars a day in four jails in Alaska! ‘The average
aul
ERS IN CITY AND
us Tue Pamon Ascoctson of New York
rate paid is about sixty-nine cents, while the average cost to
county taxpayers ig $1.24. Prom these figures it would appea.
that the county taxpayers are beating 55 per cent of the burden
fof taking eare of Unele Sim's prisoners in their loeal prisons.
Dr. Hart reckons the burden thrown upon the local taxpayers
thronghout the country at more than $125,000 a year.
‘The United States pays cleven dilferent rates to eounty and city
jails in the State of New York,
‘The vate usually paid is barely suflcient to pay for the pris
ners? food, and Frequently not that ‘The: American Prison
‘Association’ contends and the New York City Department of
Correction shortly will insist, that the rate should include a pro
raia share of general maintenance cost and carrying charges
‘The report of Warden Brewsicr to Commissioner Wallis, upon
which the ety vill hase its demand to the Federal authorities,
Setling forth this basis, follows
ay por peeoner, Wve ti —— Baldy for
ane ~ oa of i ia "
York solar, pls
tnt the taxpayers of New ¥
og, whe He-ome that shoul be y
atvprisonere ure eonfined fa jal
‘he namber having steadily inerensed sine 1000."
ther eenline ston nthe rapt of che dmerican Praon Arsoiion
ee nt of 924, the dally rate pald wae 60 cents
vas 60 eents of leas, he average i
sete erent poles were, pl by
isomers, ranging fro
‘hh Tower peas were pad
She better ti
In addition to the injustice of the rates, prison authorities
point out that the handling of the Federal prisoners is almost
invariably a detriment to the morale of a prison force. ‘The Fei
eral prisoner, strange as it may: seem, considers himself the socit
superior of an ordinary town or county prisoner, and often be
comes a frouble-maker.” This addition to the prison population—
in the ‘Tombs, for example—aften represents the difference be
ean a coll for each primer and puting two prisoners in
Goer ov Unie Srarms Prisowrina
es Peso a
=
ES See si sites, on nh oe,
Sera ian car SE
Signature
wary 1 (um of Teme 1 ane)
(num of Items & to 8, facia
PRISONS AND REFORMATORIES
Fors vor Panera Sravistios
DISCHARGES DURING YEAR
11, Digharged on expiration of sentence
Sum of Teme 20 and 23; should equal Item 10
"ADMISSIONS DURING YEAR
"Report furnied by:
‘nd 22)
Som of Teme 8 and 9.
‘Total prisoners,
“Total edmiasions
formal eapacity.
PRISONERS ON BOOKS JANUARY r
1. in naitaion
Ts cxmody oud inetitaton
25, Average daily resident prison population during year
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
'. Trnnaferred. from ster inttations
Total pesoners December 81 (aum of Hers 21
awe o7 Duererozon
cen bare
| Ul
Lafounsy 10 ‘adco%0 oop fq soamqendap copmpruy) seat ng Dusnp uopmginne Busan ezoucsud prouonag
SS0:pPV ‘won
SAINOLYRNOS ANY SNOSTIg
AOAVHOSIG — IT ommpaqag
120)
ots to waar | sowsuag, |
-ofouna ha 40 ond wou wana fg pasoes aso, fo oajenpx? ‘coal a Outamp powsooe sxsuosal poouon
“ssouppV wo LuopMBsUT Jo om,
ON y001g SAIMOLYENOSaY ax sNoIIg
a 9G6T ‘SNOISSIVAY — 1 ampaps SOUMIINOD 40 LNEWIAVaIC
‘snsuso yeLUUE oy} jo FuPyy} ou} UE posn oq OF SUE] Oy axe FOTO ay, “ATTERuuE yuapK pay
‘ou St SoNsAUIS tO,oT|sHES puT a}a]AuOD tout 20y puBLIOp [EIU vO}
9 “SIO Ua} UI edu A]UO sLoUOsUE Jo sanNsTyNYS portduiog exojoyaiy sey SMSUEL YH JO NOTE OY,
SOLLSILVIS TVEXCad Hod SWHOL
122 ‘Tue Prison Assocumon op New Yor
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Bemeay or 2m Cnc
Schedule IV. — ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF:
PRISONS AND REFORMATORIES
Oreicens ano Eurcorens Acroauiy iw Sevier on te
Decne 81 otal || atate | Femate
1. Superintendent or warden
2 Aetetant experintendente oF wardens
3: Stewards or burinese managers.
Pyrilans
Pall time
ed ether disilinacy acre
All other officers an
otal
Report furiahed by:
Signature
‘Foras ror Pupentt, Sramenics
RTMEENT OF COMDIERCE,
"Bunnav or mux Caxsue
Schedule V.—FINANCIAL STATEMENT: 1926
‘PRISONS AND REFORMATORIES
1. Balance om hana from previous Meal year.
2, Reesived from appropriations
3, Received frum aller source.
4. Total receipt (ui of Stems 1, 2nd 8)
DISBURSEMENTS
apne for mat
SS eee
"palit east
5 Saarien and wage —
6 Provisions (Good) ————
1. Ful, light, and water—-——
5, Aller expenditures for mblntensnee
9. Total expenditures for maintenance (sum of Ttema
5,07 and 8)-—.
Expat foc iprovenents tg ‘aiding,
expenditures for other parposs, if any. e
12, Total expenditures (eum of Teme 9,10, and 1).
15. Amount returned to State treasurer o ocber oficial. =
14, Balance on hand at close of yen
ecldee oaleace for muinenance and for ail othe porponn
‘Total (eum of Teton 12, 18, and 14; also equal to
Ihyem 4)
‘Report furnished by:
Signature.
CHAPTER XIT
SUGGESTED CLASSIFICATION
Following is the classification suggested by the Committee on
Classification, “of the Medical Section of the American Prism
Association.
Provision has been made in this classification for the diagnosis
of offenders on the basis of personality and behavior reaction 1
gether with intellectual deviation, neurological and serological
abnormality; with the further provision for its adaptability to
court and institutional statistical purposes,
‘In using the classification, it will be neoessary to become familise
with the arrangement of ‘the five main classes and their sub
divisions as well as with the accompanying descriptive notes, and
in order to secure uniformity of statistics and use of terms, the
outline should be serupulously followed
1. Nozatat,
TL Frepuemoeo,
IIL Nzvroparne,
Psychopathic Personality.
Epiley
Pos. ‘Bneephaie Personality,
Psyehoneurotie (Paychasthenie-neurasthenie
Other brain or nervous abnormalities without psychosis
to be specified.
IV. Psvonore,
Further classified according to the outline as suggested by
‘The National Committee of Mental Hygiene.
V. Pormwtiancy Psvonome
(a) Recovered from psychosis,
(b) Psychosis in remission,
(e) Physical symptoms of incipient psychosis,
Following ‘are the explanatory ‘notes and. definitions for use
swith the classitieation:
a this group are insluded all those who afler eareful study
Bt tase
theo
“ ‘of eirnmatane
pct es) Le shou also inhude howe’‘ffendere who are of
{ull normal and bordering intelligence, those having intelligence sient
Th Feaausscxoen,
Fc the diagnosis of intellectoal level upon femsiy
rteding scot and india records, seal ade
pon the forlls of pevdhometrio examination, prefe™
shly the Perm revision of the Binet Sion wich fs the form of acaligess
nea)
Svogusrsy Chasssscanion 125
tush moat generally recognized. ‘Too much stress can not be placed on the
‘alae of poyehometriclana eapecally trained for this wotk, in order to obtain
ilormigy of rent, ‘The'value'of the Bisct-Slnon Psychometric testa ls
int fo the bands of te Inenpertonced
1 is to be forther noted that erroneous comelisions are froquenbly dessr
fe adividaal's intallectual statis im carer of malingeriag ia those
ileiag’ from ‘emotional wat sla, manic depressive
feyshonis, eplepey
Rntal
sical sym
Tndividua's round Lo be feeiamifaded but tering from payehosi, showld
lS n the Payeeta Googp (4, we hore who she peycopathe
rs and reactions, if the intelletual retardation is wficient, sbotld be
“The same ie true of feeblerinded
a ‘drag adaice.
Pruleptcs, aildough they. may’ show apparent intelsctua? deficiency, or
mrily belong in the Neuropathic Group (8), because of the nature of thelr
‘Reerlorstiont and thelr peculiar senction. "Likewise. tose exhibiting. the
\sractaintien of the postencepialit personality, abould he placed th tbe
Seatopthie soup, Foprac at ety itt tt
‘Ae noted tmiier {1} Normal Group —t ing an Intelligence quote
‘according to the Terman revision of the BineSimon, are not class
"This group imeludes all thora individuals having an abnormal constitution
ment pt thoes classed definitely a feebleminded pe
‘ofthis Inter group 200
"Payehopathio Personstity:
Inder this designation isa large group who present anomalies of charaet
fie cause neraal oF pal ot the tnaiibeas cannot be eoneired a
JPpethslogial Iying-ecsntsiitier er
‘somania~pyroratia, ste. Dipsomania iz cotaldered Under aubhading
i Aleohotie
Tein to be farther noted that Individusia of thie type vory greatly intetee
tic resctionn should be placed tn the! Paychotio Croup (4).
“iplepti.
lal Individuals showing a Bistory of either idiopathic or secondary epilopay
ih the easeolial symptoms of grend mal, petit mal or epileptic oquivaleat
Tilton should, wales eyehotie symptoms’ are. presens, be classed int
inine event that Mstory indicates psychotic apleodes in which elowded
revonce of advanced epleptie deterioration, Oe ind
genoa of
“asiataton in the Pesbleminded Group” (2)
(el Poor Bnocphaitic Personality
Thte group is increasing rapidly ta uumbers, and every efort should be
Tux Prison Association or New Yor
We to complete an eatly dingmosis sm dowhtful cases, ‘The blstory of onrst
capacity, they ace unsbie to fuhibit their fmpuleive and ervaie activity. ‘Thxy
shevveg fremeniy sah sonal, wide enotanal seg the ds
Lone ranging’ feom Suonee depresrion 40 bolatrous hilasityy often -wishau,
Apparent provocation
Defuita neurologic Gndings ace usually demonstrabte—tho more commun
toing those aesociated with involvement of the basal moslel and resembling
the Parldnsou syndrome
‘As noted under the Fecbleminded Group (2), these individuals should not
tu allooated 40 Uhat peop, sven sf intelectual Sutmormality ie suspected,
so ot la
i ealgnation. in te. Payehetic
ander ‘roteading No.8 “Peychosia with other brain oF ers
Atsenses* (g) Eneephalitis Lethergica,
(a), Alcohol
‘Dealgsation in thle group should be rerricted to cases of ehconie drinking
for aprer drinkers who do ‘ot develop payehotle spimptonss
Shan as Pave
in" whieh yster
‘f alcohol aod for wile there is aula
Frequently sonnittad during. theee epteaes
Ue confused with the aleoholte hallwenosis or dsterlorstions,
in the event that alvokolie types sow tuenéal retardation with inteligens
‘quotient below 70, thoy should be placed tn tie Peeblemuded Group. (2)
are presenting ss plamn of pathol! Sntnieation—delisui treme
2 payelionia—aeute or chronic alcohols halloeinoss, ete, shou
me regen sar in the Payehosie Group
Boigu grou ie ited to persone addicted o drugs and who are nt
Aefisitely fecbemtinded nor pay
path but are classed
hhowover, that ey are. demonstrably forbleminded, they al
the Feebieminded Group (2)-—~or Hf showing symptoms of delirium or states
‘Of confusion or hallacinosis, they are alloted to the Payehotie Group. {!)
jon (10), "Payehosie due #0 drugs and other exogenous taxita”
‘This group leckiig the essentials of doSnite payehosie but of a natu
often to previplinte olfensive reactions, hy
the characteristics of perchartheain, neusasthenia, and. hysteria are
quently found in the forbleminded isd peyeiapatiie. Thevefore. it the
ie ald us placed in the Peeblomindat
ifthe personality componente ave preemivently payehopati,
fhe eae Ir placed in the subgroup (A) Psychopathic Personality
‘The! payehonetvosts group includes those disorders in. which mental
tort ode wt ae ihr awa (comes os
aware (sncomsions) brag shout various mental and piieeal cpmpean
im other words, thoes disorders 4
the term aerosie is now
Suooestay Crassiereanion: 11
the symptoms aro both mental and physical, the primary cause is thought
‘hie should designate the fatigue neurosis
in which pigsicat as well us mental cwuses evidently figure; characterized
‘ypgraeithesian and paracethsiaa, iypochondtasin and varying Gegreet
ot ea
Great ‘care ‘eerclacd in diferentisting thio group from the
Tay Olen rain or Nertour dinormalitie without Paychorie tobe specified
eh
3S symptom sre pret
‘cicate pshoas with the “ope pleted in Gioup a) Papen
luster to Staistiot Goige, pblighed by The National Comicon of Mont
Hygiene, or thal of the New York Stale Hospital Commission
frontaiaue Bevenone
‘Thowe individuals who because of certain factore revesled in thelr history
or from covelasions arrvod at after earaflphysial investigation, wl
ott (Some payne at stne tine in the aot voo remote future
10) “Recovered. rom Py
ia partially te of ie nate a eet, sleaholie
retons, faychone wth ert rirontraety gees WiC ey,
Tho txistenge of dodaite previous peychocia should be established without
a bistory. of ample. depreaion, indefinite episodes of exciement
HinTa Roe Be confused ‘wth true peyehoeie.
128 ‘Tr Prison Associtioy or New York
(b)_ Psychosis in Remission.
‘This group is composed of the type presenting history of psychosis in which
there ia present at lenst partial recovery or disappearance ef symptoms, but
which will presumably relapse into the preexisting stata, e. g—schizophrenaid
Stat s— paresis, ete.
(e)__ ysical Symptoms of Inoipiont Psychosis.
Case. “in which physieal investigation discloses typical neurological symp.
toms or characteristic serological or cytological deviations of the blood or
spinal fluid, suggestive of paresis, cerebral syphilis, cerebro spinal syphil
cerebral neoplasm (or brain tumor), cerebral. arteriosclerosis, Huntington's
chorea, cte. Even in the absence of mental symptoms, these individuals are to
he recognized aa very apt to become psychotic
. B. BATTEY, M. D.,
F.C. IRB, MD.
TG iNDSay, ND
EMIL SCHARNITZEY, M. D.,
Ld, PALMER, M.D, Ohairman.
Committec
MISSING
PAGE(S)
Blosveren, Mrs, Theresa...
Bloen, Mrs, Morris J
Blum, Miss Estelle B.
Blumenthal, George,
Blumenthal, Mrs,_ Sol
Boardman, Mrs. George Mi.
Bolton, Miss Frances Hewlett
Bonbright, Irving
Bormose, Miss Edle
Boucher, Charles
Bowen, 6. N.
Bowen, W. ‘A
Bowers, Ogden H..
Bowie, Mrs. W. Russell,
Bowker, Richard Re
Boyce, :
Boba’ Arenbaid’ B22 164,
Bradford, Mise, John ilenry
ar,
Bradley, Charles B,
Bradley, Miss M
Braid, George 8.00.06. 8.
Brand, Herman.
Breed,” Mrs. James MoV.
Brennan, Wdward TE
Breslin, Miss Evelyn M
Brewster, Robert §
Bricker, Mrs. R. Con
Bridgnaan, Mire. Charles De
wie
Brill, AOA.
Brinekerhof Alex:
Brooks, Miss Bertha @.”\8,
Brooks, Mrs, G. Frederick.
Brouner, Miss ‘Mary’,
Brower, Jacob I.
Brown, Miss Edith Harman,
Brown, Everett L.....
Brown, Mrs, Eranidin Q)
Brown, Mrs, George Alexan-
‘der :
Brown, Hubert
Brown, Mr. and dirs.” J.
Wright |. :
Brown, John Crosby.
Brown, Miss Julia D
Brown, Lathrop
Brown, Lawragon
Brown, Mrs, Lyman D
Pilees
Contersurors
“Brown, M. Bayard.
Browa, Stanley D..-.-)..-
Mrs. Waldron’ P.
Ars, Walter
Warren D_
William Adams.
Mrs. William
Browne, Mrs. Curtis North:
Yop
Browning, Mrs... Hull:
Browning, Mrs. William C.
Bruce, Miss Sarah E...-.-
Bruck, Leo
Bruen, “Alexander
Brummer
Brundige, Miss iisabeti B.
Brunswick, Mrs, Emanuel.
Bryant, Samuel
Bryant, Mrs, William 8
Bueknall,’ Mrs, Henry W. J.
Buckner, Thomas Av Jr.
ce
Bulkley, Mrs. Edwin M
Bullenkamp, ‘Charles 5
Burehard, Miss Anna .-
Burnett, Chauncey H..
Burnham, Hortert D)
Butler
Butler,
Butler, Miss Emily
Butler, Howard Huscel
Butler, Mise Mary M......
Butler, Willard Parker,
Butterick, Miss Mary E,
Butterworth, Mrs. George
Forrest :
Byrne, Edward J
Byrne, Mrs. James:
Gl
Calm, Mrs, Leopold....G.B,
Calvary ‘Churel
Campbell, Mrs, Marie Bayer
Canon, Mrs. Sylvanus ©.
* Deceased.
16 Tne Prison Assocramon on New Yoni
Gantz ie Angle Clarks, Ales. Arthur
Staniey
ae use Hai Since
hires Alte
Son, Ae, Hens
c Scat
Ghai, dosepl & Coy dae ae
Chimera, Tee
Chunter, tte Windhrop:
Goman, Mise Garoine: (0.
Saat Chute ot New
conto ‘Br: ita
Cone Esporte & Comenission
Ghcssbrowpie ater’
nc ue ey
Ehime Charles S558 65,
Congas,
Chistai, Gadige ies Chavis
Ghisolm, Be Osten Goal, Jamon
Ghisaimy Mase B. Ogien Sock, Leoyeh
Gootiize, dire. Painor
Calero, Mew, B. Ogtan 8 Coolidge, Mee Shera
joujph es. 100 9) Coombe, C. Whitmer
Gheistian, the Merald Cape Same Eas
GRR ae. Pete to Gir, "SHES Ste "Ret
hard aig Fo
re of the. fnearnatic 0 corte, Witla He
Glanke) Chases ‘lg 32222
Glare) "Arthur ‘Stanley: "8 00 Greater, Wi
Conrmmpsons
(rocker, Ms. Frank Deming, Mie Rlenor
Galler, Mies Sone
Gutkin, Charice W.
Gullmin, atta Joesph
Sing ats: opener.
Gna
re Mae 8
Gurtts, Mr. nd Mire Bxigene
oii F Riagaary bah Biota Ses Sexe
ze 30 00 Bimock, Bate
ite a, Wit Ba
Dalmases, Hen
Datsel Hugh
Bastin Me gas
Darlington, dames
Barrios Air
Daveuport, Site, Schenk
Deowr, David i.
eBratant Mew, Marius
{BeGhamplin, Madame Ang
Desker, Gasper @.
‘ry af Leon Barre)
pe fle, Ste ane 8
~* Deoeased.
3:
148 ‘Tw Prosow Associaion oP New Yous Cownnrmurons
Donbaugl, Prank Eareand, Mrs. Wilton
Fuller, @ A. 200
Eunen, Baye Coy ine! "> 10 00
Pyte tes Thomas’ 200
Grave Church
Yat Arde
aunt Te and 5 He
Gabriel, Barnett
& Grotinacites, Paiward. GR
Grain Benj
Gray, Mrs. Sir a.
geesegeses8
Mine Graf ie. Gis
Blekt, ra. Wiliam 3, Oe GaonetatreW. C Grea dC
ng, Nathan droen, Mise Gavan’ W
‘isd, irs. Willig BL 6) 3
‘Gonege Rethione
asiwoot, Mes. Jin 1.
* Stee, John W:
Garrat, re Fre Bett a Gate Chari 8
Garey ridge Grist
Gersthors atrsck, W © Srlovali, Mix Cavite
Sites Eager 2 Groat,
ord, es Joseph A. ‘ibaa, Harver B
ark! Mee, Mt itizaboii’G, {aoon: Men Fn 8
Cir 7 rf
Foster, Girand
Sis Soke’ Word
Eieace
2
seas
fet ‘Chariea
Wioets, J Dees
oe B
Goldman, Aiea. fel
inghagecn, Mine ©. EG? "a.
Goldman, Mes, Barcus Gory, tae Mabel
Pretiaguysen, Moe, Freer
linge, Theodore aa
Amon PR. Hackett, Edmond 3.22.1
overt. 8. 1009 Mackett, Mine Uesne “A.
onde Tein Be ak
soitriendy Meyers. G3 Hsddon, Alexander 3
foodkind, ester Tt
‘nay, Augantan & Boss,
cookin, Tien ier
Smee Ge te ine
e Nive Baal 5 00 Halaay, Willa’
‘Cou Ea
f (Coma) Mir: Barge 2 Deceased.
arn james W Pale, John #
150 ‘Tue Prison Association oP Nuw Yous
Halsted, Mics
Hires, = Beaty
Hart, Bawand H.
Bart, Hastings
Hartinan, ba: Baith Coops
Hitec, te Rathore
Berle ire abt.
Beeal BenSod
Berelok, Mes. W. W
Herrman, Honry
Hessbete, Mrs. Lena 63
Horse, Conte
emt, Arta #00
Bigee, Walter I
Hagia ect ayia
Hilts ,
Mee Giles
Hoga, tra. seferioa,
Hegebiome tes Git
‘hse lisa A
Holbrook, Mes, Baward.
Holden, Join
Hottatein atee Gustav
2 niece Protective
Gaver’
Giasis
Mew Lr Biel
MMayaaid
Hongland rau w
Hoppin, hte
ory, The lee.
a, Mrs, ote
yhlim Eoufnee
Houston, vresk
5
How
Howell: See Wile
Hubbard, "has Grace.
Blabeard, Me, Wiliam Nor
oe ok
Hubei, Sine George Hy Je
Hubbs, Charles F. & Co:
Hu Bs, Charen A
te
Humbert J :
Humpiraya, dirs Aissaiter
sun, Sia Lagoon
Hunt) ‘Thoman
Hunter, ae
Hyde, Bes Witton Bt
Bors, George Pai
Trulandy Siva ‘Hredcrioe’
CR
Ervin, Chavtes Ht
ven, dates Caroline G2
Ieo0b, Mr, Lawrence
‘acoke, Rane @ Go
bey ides Mildred
Cowzaiwurons
Tameron,
aright, Suna 3.
Sep Babies
dons
Seana Petey ais
EEE, Ri
Duke
Seltony Si ad isa Ba
selina, ig Big
Tohineon, Gilbert
Soknany Hee les
Sots, Sie Frais
Iohaston, One
seth, i Wag
we, The Nimes
Kalter, Max,
FRalloge, Sire. Herbere
Respedy ra ‘iat en
een
Kerrison, Philip’ B. z
BB RE,
52 ‘Tue Prison Assoctamox ov New York Conremurons
: 10 00 Maurie, Mist arian
iden, Mrs, Cami, @ Lawrence, Mist Clara Louise : Hg 00
re Henry ‘Tobin.
ieto, .
Taek, Graham
Tene ahs, Win M Wits ier Aa Vac
02 BE soon, ate, Robert. seereront Wiliam
ey Mew. Gorton 8 ae ‘eae 10e%i
Sire Uceazdhen, Chari
5 3 2 chen Mew” ehanios
eae GR wo00 et Junk a
Brsbpe, Sire Citi xcbowsi Mirra al nals 3
leg corse po psas rit aie Charlee Be J
sight, ose George T: 5 00 LeRoy, Mrs, Robert. * E
nowt S Alpha 300
Eke, “Sine Besjamis Mee ¥
Hester tes 3, Bi it Genego W enol Mo as
ook, anther go Tan geote 3 a oo
eer Hither Ao cy, Seehea Seger Sine
owpler, irs, Richard A. 90 Levy, Ephrainn B. 5 Minton, Mrs A. F. Mlenrok, bize. Witten
eit" ; eye a. oni ‘i :
‘ohodtanan, Biward ey, Meares 22020001 Macks, Met ohh Bo
Rohner, Josh cleans 3 a
alles, Canela, We a ae eee te
‘Korn, Mrs, William. oe aa ‘Milliken, Mrs.
Lincoln, ates. Frederic W. = 90 nsiitken, Jolee B
ar Free cit
Mitchell, Mrs Benet
Matt Bit Join Spray
fe wid
enger, 500 atitier, Horabarde ©
SDE nas Willian D°ANoa 8 Mogi, Mie Hanus 2
‘Afternoon Sewiig
satay, Gatton
Montdomers’ Sobeet
ete TCL 3.00 Moon Sige, Geonge Co.
Sohal,’ tea hi Mis alee
38
avtin, Alseed W.
sean,
ees enact W
ried, "Afes. Willig
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ores, 3
shy ine Caroline
me
‘inter, Cheon Morgan,
son, ee Wi Siovgametarm, albert Go.
Iatheron, ale, Witla’ Berean
low! Nee. ‘Saw (athews, Mrs. A, Tes. ——
SS: ESTE Iathewson, Douglas ec
154 ‘Tre Parson Associamion ov New Yor ‘Conmmmutons
Morel, Mrs. Irma © Sows ae ait 5 : 510.00 Begor, dlrs. §. Moreia
ots a ace 3.00 Falter, Nathan
Putnau William "A
ey, Alon ia
Boprceg Stes we
Otictem Morgan J
Susie Seal
S
Pyne, Mra ML Taylor
Q
Quinto, Mee. Pant
: ® = BR
Megraite” Mies alhige ae 180 Racks, Mise Bertha
Mowbea} Atiee Muy B, a‘
Duters, Mow Willows 3021
Petenaeh, ‘ea, Cent 8
SSSSS82S
"alesander F Plovalsimer,
bee
Sabor hte Wilt Gich us!
chase a viel, Sls Glin “tan
aturphs, Grnpsoa Mtb Ontwalt, ¥.
Mur Be Catherine 5 "or
Mursay, 3. Arentoald Ottinger, Al
Stenticlage, Adolph 3
2
Palumbo, Ba,
Mygadd, enneuh Panghors, WS
Pappentielmer, Mis. 4,
Negh Mee Edmund W. Park Migr Ohare Pe
W
0
co
19 09
19 00,
5 09
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Parker, de Wee, ae
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Nicholas, Harey T..GR 1D 90 Pasersht veers Dwight. 20 * Tes (oes: 1998)
Mehols Are torte p Sista Sante Abram. pee is ee
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Richards, Pile ©
Richards, Mise’ Harriot "M,
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‘Pegram, Edwaid Sanfore Brinoe, Mex Richardson, Mra. C. Tilfany
{Norton Heey 2 20 eens AERO Prcolor Mrs: William oss, 80 D0 Hicharcaon, Mies Raith ©.
Norwend, “Robert. -.. *Deowased, Pruya, Men Robert D.---8, 1000 Michardson, ars. George Ht
‘Tue Pisox Association or New Yous Cosmuimerons
Richardson, Mise Marion... 65 00 liye, Artin < 816» Fh seme, ates arace $25.09 Sloane, John...
W et, Aes mw pS Slenne, Adres
200 Sm Broo: Shik © Gren
Sehin, Charles 11 v0.00 fB Sitongscta é an Ine
Scho, Barney i as sont, MES aie st
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288288:
Cay
388:
Sto
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Rockefelter, z
Rockwood,” Miss) Katharine Sommiot, Philip 2.
Rots ie Lesating Shen
Shormau, Mis: Braderiot D,
8.
Seiletiger,
‘ite, emai
Seblishan Julie
Rosenbawn, avdhr A Spencer. Miss Bleanor
Rowen itera A
Prat per
Sierstels, Ababa Sepers, Mess James Thagira
Sik Finishing Go. of ser =
Ba
Simmons," Josep erie.
Ae
oan Sten Wiliam 8 Baie)
cs toate, sa ‘scone stele, ona (iad
‘Hocherfard, Mrs, Mery be Bevwtigy ten East "Devos, stern, Benjamin
158 ‘Tam Prisos Association or New Youre
Steralorger, Mrs, Mauroe
Station, Mise ith
R
Stevens, Mrs, Robert 8
Sticknes, Henry Austin
Stillman, Alte Charlotte
§
gtr ae sahara. 8
Strasinrger, Me
eran, Artie ©.
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