64th Annual Report 1 unnumbered plates., 1909

SIXTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT

Prison Association of New York

4909

Orrick oF THE ASSOCIATION,

135 East Frreenrn Street, New York.

TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE APRIL 26, 1909.

ALBANY
J. B. LYON COMPANY, STATE PRINTERS
1908

State or New York

IN SENATE

Aven. 26, 1909,

SIXTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT

PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK.

Fon. Honacn Witrre, Lieutenant-Governor of New York:

Sin In

ccordance with chapter 163 of the Laws of 1846, 1

have the Louor to present the sisty-fourth annual report of the

Prison

ciation of New York, and to request that yon will lay

the samo before the Legislature

Respectfully,

EUGENE
TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Teter of Trane
Lat of Ofer,

z 5
evort of Eassutive Commies ®

+ Comeaponding Erestary 5
"gene Sith cs
vant Reformatoie. By Henry E Gregory. 8h

anor Comreshing Members — Porign Costing 100

OFFICERS FOR 2909.

President.
EUGENE SMITHL

Vice-Presidents,
Wie. P, Levenworm, Tovent W, Dz Forest,
Rr. Rev. Davin H. Onern, Prurs Apcen,

Evorse A. Pmnerx.

Secretary,

Soorum ML Jacksor

J. Sunex Wann, Jn,
135 East Fitveonth §

reel, New York

Pi:

W. W. Barrnsiists, vann B. Momnrcx,
B. Oopex Cuso1a4 6 M. Osnorse,
J, Fexzxorr Coren, Faas D, Ps

Joux H. Fisivy. Deas Sac
Avery Faye, ML. D., Dreaven M. Sawran,
Corsen's DB. Gi Groxce G, Suxrzos,

Wor. HL, Guyrwx Giso C, Sramixza,
Hoxav FE. Gercory F. G. Purnass Sromrs,
Auexaxprr WL. Tannes, Kynar daxeny West
Tous W. Hexewnssox, Morsay Winataxs,
Groxex W. Kincuwey, Taam Woon.

Tues MeKrex
General Agent

D. E. Knenszn,

r

STANDING COMMITTEES FOR 1908.

On Law.
Messrs. Williams, Rirchwey, McKeen, Merrill, Pavey, Phil

1 ond Speranza.

On Discharged Convicts and Parole Work.

«, Hadden, Chisolm, Finley, Gregory, Sawyer.

On the Library:

Mesers. Tackson and Wendell

On Detentions.

Mtessre, Wood, Gregory, Oshorne, Sage, Shelton and Stokes.

On House.
Messrs, Htohinson and Flint.

On Finance,
okes and Ward,

Messrs. Gold, Jackson, McK
PREFACE,

‘Tho Sisty-Fonrth Aumuel Report of the Prison

New York iucludes the report of the excentive committee, teas

mitted to the Legislature April 26, 1909, and additional matter
Septe 1909. As the financial year of the Acs

ciation corresponds with the calendar year, the record of dona

tions and the trensurer’s report ave Timited to the Bist of Deee

ber, 1903, Contributions made during 1909 will be aeknowledgyad
 annnal rep

ation of

down t

SIXTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PRISON
ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK,

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMIT

Ya the Honorable, the Legislature of New ¥
1's has shown som
of our prison system. Tt is cost

We do not xefer to those defect

which ave due to poor admainis.

eation eared by office

tose which system it

nedied by :

ip by the Stat hive of the very infhueness w

wed to make
Sever

who need to be

onnally punished for oxime
of dipsomania,
Tramps and shifted from county to county and
ty jail, axe encouraged in their wandering habits,
ail of scutteucing prisoners to “hard Labor,” we sem
(an to emmpulsony idleness, which is
na the taxpayer. and harder on

te al themsand of them. to

ill harder on the prisoner, harder

cthorle of treating the

jon swith prevailin

italian ip expressed.
2 popnlation is expre
What shall

1b ont incleiates

ne done with
2 What shell
ball we overcome

What eboll be done
teams ais? HL
OF these questions, the first is of prime and fundamen

Prisox Association or New Yous.
Smart. We Save Orr Bors?

New York bas never been indifferent to this important qu
tion, In 1824 it ostablished the House of Refuge in New Yor!
which was one of the first, if not the first veformatory for fuver
offenders ia the United States, 11 has bel

sprigtions institutions im ditleweut parr
a:zadical:amain

arbitrary line of 1

Ito foster

ant step broke over the

supposed to sepa

this

may be just a

and more dangorons:
fon 11 yoath com
mam beings do

Tt saw th

ot arrive

age limit of the edneative process was extended
year, The establishment of this. reformai
justified, Tt hus boon enpied in eeveral States
ts princin rortnevd. abo
fa powerfal ininence in making our prisons more education:
reformatory: in character

While this sis
under the Tew
of the same
the bos shy
State ani hy

some 3 have been i

provision was made for those who are f

provision, unfortunately, was made
ce who are simply miademeanants,
tenis twenty-five dollars heeo
 chatice fir reformation; rat the boy who stea
ne dollars,
nimereiful neglect and
He not only fins m
‘and diseipline, but the

such woree thant he wen

unless placed ou probation, is tm

over to'th sro some com

; : obabilisice are that he will
I aioe Wb ie bene; 8
Trib wal etalnhed that Debits elenders ave made S00 2

lected! youth.

Sixmevounru Assvaz Reroat, mW
‘The poor boy in New York is pretty well provided for and so
+ the youthful felon; but the yonthfal misdemeanant has been
sverlocked,
It is appalling to thivk

that by a process of legal indifference
a boy may he sent for six months or a year to a jail
commty ponitentinry whore he vomes into the most degraded

riety, whore ho is without work or sehooling except the deplor

je ehooliaue fu oviuve frsnishea by older and hardened offeuders

Appesls to the I re to wanave this discrimination

7 ninor offender axe mot new; they ave been made
the State C
vessnee of other interests

ficial

Fhe Pea to ee ninission of Prisons; but im the

yey ave been ruhceded.
X few facts from 6 ss furnished by the reports of

1 State Commiss

of Prisons will show how imperative is the

need.

During the year ending Septersber 30, 1908, the number of
ansies committed to the jails and penitentiavies of the State, out
side of Greater New York, ineluded the fo

County Tails
Petween the ages of 16 and 21
Botween the ages of 21 and 30.

Penitentiaries.
Between the ages of 16 and
Tetween the ages of 21 and 30.

Abont one-third of those committed to the county jails were
Jol, or otherwise under confinement, but not convicted

ime, TTere, then, were move than 4,600 boys and young

and 80, in the eye ef the law presumed

proved to be guilty, herded in close contact
‘ation with older and hardened criminals, without labor
ov employment, in an atmosphere veeking with morsl contagion.

e Inmocent un!
snd ass

rt Puisox Associition ov Naw Your.

Is it possible to conceive of am environment more dangerous 1
these young prisouers? Could they p
‘an experience ‘hed by its corruptin
But, sside from these 4,500, there wore nearly 15,000 otber
boys and yonng men between the ages of 16 and 310, confined i
tentiaries, who had been convicted of mivd
es ‘They wore coufined in the jails and penitentiaries by
eause the Stace provides no other place for their
The report of the State Commission of Prisons may
idea of what it meaas to be imprisoned in a pit
Albany Penitentiasy has 258 ealls, which ave 4 by T fect in size
7 foot high; 0 a
‘whieh is loss than one-balf the standard size required for # cell
for a siugle prisoner; the cells azo withont ventilation except
through the ex
are used, ‘The average poptlation of this penitentiazy, w
ite 256 calls, dn
‘year there were 540 men, more than two men itt a cell
in these squalid qnartors, which physically put the bs
‘even the life of the inmates in peril, the prisouers pa

bly_pase through exch

all Ine an air space of 195 eubic

‘doors from the ot and nigh’ buels

the year was 365; at one time during

in enforeed idleness, oceupied only with the eorruptin
curse of their associates

Snch is the disposition mado by the State of New York of
youthful offenders, Theso offenders are all micdemeanants; 1
is, they have committed what the laws of the State declare to !
minor or petly offenses, Now appears the atrange anomaly; i
these offenders had committed, not a It a eri
of grave importance, whieh the lony, the State wor
ave treated them in a far different manner. For youthful felm
the State ins established the Elmira Reformatory where

mates splendid opportunities and indnecinonts 19 vets

it equips th

1g au honest and useful Tife a

veally seem th

‘thea with uplifting

a preminin on &
ally bold ont «
hie Stats

8 crime, mak: me, and the

Seerevourru Ayxca Revous, B

for you— but if you are eontont with a petty misdemeanor, you

Bot worthy of a ”

flart by the State

In tho Elmira Revormatry, thore is (or was) @ lass engaged

n the study of S Tn the esuination of thi
the question was giteu— Bs jc betice co bey thaw fo steal, and why?
One member
dead years azo, it woul!
at the present tins

, becante the thief, hehue i ail by
formed and fitted mt with an cdl wlll sneble fiat
to canst a living so that i wi x for hin to

ither beg or steal.” ‘The 9 nt

The commission of 9 suisden

ally the beaivning nina ¢
rst and, a2 the offender grows haw

ies follow, The snisdemeanant
crime, ought to be the first object
roe is more hopeful than that of the

My, be more amenable to refovuti

its obtained at Elmira, even with

ths appear to have beow rec
lint the same methods applied
fo yield resnlts even ambien

zed in i ha:
can be no donbt
on Fines similar
grinds, an inv 4 he State, many
mes over, t : to the
State, im young men an and trained to
veetnl eitizenship, waned
Intoxication in @ public place is made @ misdemeanor by see
ion 1921 of the new Penal Code of this State, punishable by a
fine of not less than thete nar more than ten dollars, or by im

u Parson Assoctanion or Naw Y.

prisoniment not exceeding sis mouths, or by both sxc fine and

imprisomment. Drankemioss é sich’ ap somes of eviine

that ite repression is a siting object af lexistacions but it is prob

able the the metiad ailopted hy tHeis section uf the Code is th

athoite she h

fare vers few problems ot! leaésl

Legislannes, hy medical

Dodies, Ie in thie enn

absolutely amaninire evaten

short terms uf iuprisonment

mew ins the einent

offender ity forvel

added disgrace in

disengrngs

to wegnin bis posta 8 wove Footl

for selteirypor

obvionsly.w ;

the Peual Cole of New York,
Here, a= in mst eases of perverse cond

The first « the heg

rt staye there is hope Tor

wheat es: thope fe

well-uigh 1

rnivereally eandemned en
1e andy treatsnent aviapted |

often produced  eondition of disea

seill as 4 Jnnotie i= nnablo eo stay bie all

Te then beconies 4 esse of mental anil moval i
habitual drunkard, iu justice yo Rhnselé anit 4 :
be subjected (tile the lunatic) te Finement
medical freatitent: av fhnss unst te aed indefinitely
throngh a prolonged period of time, snd wot woonitton mil be ea
tafely be restored t0 dsecdom reed abstinence frou Antoxt
ants and healthful cecupation in she open sir a
ment which may alist the patient's in and engage I
thoughts are most obions elements im a treatment that may exert
a curative tendener.

ne employ

Sisters Axseat Revers,
The State Charities Aid Association, through its standing Com.
mittee on Hospitals, his recently mado a most careful strdy of
the corsection of iuebriety; and, based

ation, 2 Will has Iven introdneed to

rowide a comprehensive plan oF teratment for deankenmness in

npon this aetiom of the A

New Yous city. ‘The Will cevates a City Boat of Tuchricty of
five member
f voeords sehieh hall aint

F oll per

cations ina pile y

ad propos the ostublishnesnt of a central buream

1 provinnly
nee often, Tf he i thus fonad tw be
ou et of Sompaicom-

st witle ald feu is aevestel a second simne within
faselve months ‘ity, ey
released on prolist
ita, ne : Boavd of Tehri

weiner a three years! snnximnn,

NIL alen prewides for the estat

e mmanngement of

al ral and indisty dove denleards

any Te evo a ious sefimerony pationts may
we removed term oF not less than one year
pon application This js brief summary of only

Tew of the Head the Ui
The general pla hospitals or reformatories for
rectal treatment of inehytates lias heen adopted extensively
land ecpeeially
the last thivty
r= relating to the establishment of retreats qud reformaatories

fhe confinement of babitual are

eves, are private i and managed by philen-
c bwdics ¢ Inst ten years that re

in other States and in foscigu countries, Tr B

coveval ots of Partinment hace beon paseed witht

suatories for this pnrpose sated as public institu
ious controlled by the State. Tx 1908, Parliament appointed a
pecinl Comittee ta investigate the operation of the Taws relat-
ing to inebriates, ‘This Committee has made a very extensive

16 Paro Aseooustios ov New Your, Suryrovrrn Assua Revors rt

sad exhanstive report in two volumes rewomnmending some in agsteerpem ngs ecanlcas “arfiew seat san as
Portent modiGestions in the exitug lawn, Publie epiaion eablign tps tbe ate aliens over eacts eta apa
England scena to be adver to tho teatinent of indbriety asa fF Syne stg sath iota lett te ectinetne
erty of the individual; bot the svgument for pevont Hibe
has no gvester appiction te tha Labial indicts than i
iitery, terror aud danger the confined druid ito hie foil,
that © mounce he is to the pric, how the moval delesenent ity eres ony el Sree
the drunkard is to effect his own rebabilitation, sneely the duty ff yer gto ty Goon
of protection which the State owes to all ite subjects justifies his H i
forcible eouuement by public anthorty. ‘This is ently nade

Crow spy Goer toh of nan odie (ante ud talar
melt from eter wre

Within the United Stats, Masenchoats, Pennaylvani, Tova, Heer CL eee

tions for ihe eepavate treatment of inebriates. ‘Two similar inst To place thes re aha
were ervated in the State of New York more than forty a conatry farm, to Keep) thea

age, one at Binghamton and tho other in Kings county set hee cook

ba farm colony:
tramps ia Tie Slater the
aborts life would lad many of them 1
Other messver before the Legiaiature als hare zeferone t
tue Babiteat dronard, Serr bill have een intel fo
‘the establishment of one or more farm colonies to which vagrants, The bills for the establishment und maintenance by the State

Stare Womtuocers ror Muspesrasasrs

18 Parson Associ

workhonses, instead of (os
The plan contenny
State of the four penitent
Rochester and Bui

houses and the 0

of the

operated oi

adoption of the State Comstit

tiariee.

within th

penitentiasic
tions prevail
penitentiaric
of Prisons
fers would thins
The Peisrn,

control bs the

he Jars of the Stat
maintained sud con
county is Iacking in the

resomrees demanded fer th

There shonld be wniformity an

and discipline of 9ll rhe pe

attained under a system of

this Association warmly favors. th

arto or New Your.

at present) to the jails and peniton
the purchase or leasi
vies, loca
three of them a

ition of 1804 sovere
ich provide for

+ of sch indnstey wnder the restric

c prisoueys eomdined in th

Cri

he held
ie ath

vaninati
ane, whieh
contral control, For these ret

acquisition of the county

penitentiavies by the State amd the conversion of them inte Stat

institutions

There still remains f

consideration in

nection with the

subjects already disenesed, the fourth and Tact topie proposed at
the beginning of this report, namely

Stervvorntn Awsvar Revorr

Hann Lanon vox Paisoxs,

Reference bas heen made to the State Constitution of 1804,
whieh coutaine the follow tion (Art 3, § 20)

“The Legislature shall, by Juss, provide for the occupation and
employment of prisoners ventenced to the seveval State prisons,
wnitontiaeies, jails and ries in the State; and on and
aftoe the fier day af Jannars, in the year one thonsand eight
hnndred amd nigety-seren, ap povsox im any stteh prison, pen
ing, shall be vequined ne allowed to work

Wo, Dulwtry op aeeepation,
ere 4, ov the produet ov profit of his work,
ll Be given or sald to any person, firm,

tion shall uot he cor
ng shat conviets may.
prodieets of their Inbor may he dispared «i
political dicision thereo’, or for or to any public
controlled by the State, or any

When the Co

ch framed the Con

united with other

itvhed nf pra event the adop-
jon of this cet

f prisoners at public ww

ie beet. ane dnileed

to provide a snifle

to Keep all the »

Iofore the Convention,

nt amount of the pre sind of labor
i ployed. ‘The Asseciation, defeated
pared n conenrtent seahation, which
wae anbmitted tothe ° 5 ing the section
rn question #0 5 #

(An. 8 § the -toveral
State isons, a nthe State
; ani employed nt Inbor; ani on and after
, cighteen hundved and ninety-seven, no
such prisoner shall he required or allowed to work at any trade,

che fat day of

Sndustey or occupation wherein or whereby his labor or time shall
be farmed ont or contracted ta any person, firm, organization or

corporation. ‘The Legislature shall provide for the employment

20 Paisox Ascooinios or New York.

of anch prisoners, a# for as practicable, npon public works, or és

the mannfacture of supplics required for the use of public inst.
tutions owned or managed und controlled by the State or any
political division thereof.”

‘This resolution adapted hy both honses in 1893. T.
Decome effectial, it was necessary that the same resolution eho
be adopted hy the next snecceding Lexislature (1806), and afte
having oor adopted by two successive Logislaimnes, should bk
ratified by popular vote. The resolution was intredueed in the
Logislatnve of 1806, but waa defeated through the opposition of
Tabor intvveste

The emstizntional plan of prison Inbor thus established be:

been sinder trial for some twelre years. Tt is not too mucl
to say that the apprehensions and predictions urged before the
Constitutional Convention have been entizely justified. Not only
have the pouitentiaries, which contained as many prisoners as th:
State prisons, been compelled to give up their industries, but «
no tine shwe the Constitution went in foree hare the prisoner

im the State prisons been employed at what is called “hard
labor;"” it has been found possible to keep a part of the prisoners
At work a part of the time, This ig through no fault of the
State Superintendent of Prisons or Iaeke of effort in the adiinie
tration of the prisons, The difficulty is inherent in the sitvation
and inevitable: the constitutional restrietion does uot leave enovg't

ale to Keep all the prisoners busy. Thie most
ital bearing upon the proposed favra eolonie
it hos vital bearing and casts itz 3
1 sngzested for the refi
Productive labo:
reform roforma
ers, If the State
nt labor allo
fet to Keep all th
sls of tramps, habitual drunkards and other
x supported in idlences #

ryvousra Axxvat, Reronr.

‘Dhis noxious seetion in the Constitution hns burdened New
iy mmecessary expendituses, mounting into amil-

the prisoners; it has eres

GENE SMITH,
President

Prisox Associatioy or New Yous.

FROM THE JOURNAL OF OUR PROBATION, OFFICER,
P. E, KIMBALL, GENE. AGENT

‘The Courts of General Sessions have sulimitted to me for in
vestigation the eases of 1,051 persons eonvieted of e
reports wer ited in cach
mendation as to disposition ox senteace was embodied,
judges alt pplication af pe
where cirent saitt seh Fenioniey
into. eousidernt
probation, a
mercy by liv
An examination of the united by peabationers may
be of interest ighty-coven were couvicted 0
felonies aud u AIl were indicted for felonies,
in the latter

to snallee eximes

Loos.
Cases investigated
Paroled or released on suspended eantenec

Tudge Foster
Fudge Crain
Fudge Mulqueer
Tndge Swan
Iuulge Rosalsky
Tudge Malone
Judge O'Sullivan

Srxrrvomnen Axxvan Revorr.

Crimes of Paroled.
Grand larceny, second degree.

Attempted grand larceny, socond degreo
Grand lareony, first degtee.....cee0++
Petit lareeny

ary, thind degre

ult, coool degree
alt, thin

Fngonys second degree,

‘onccaled weapons

Lujmy to property.

Culawiul entry

Receiving stolen property. ++

Gavabling laws

Bigamny

seeond degree.
first degree

napted. suicide
Tegal voting «
Attempted sodomy

3 Assoerti0x ov New York

In some instances, tho courts leased convicted prisoners
on probation with orders to make rastitation to their vietims ¢
the installment

sehiense works

years {0 com

deen p

young woman who stole $200 frau the trunk

who lived in the same howe ig restoring the money

offie, paring 85 a week, A boy who stole ev

ing ond jeweliy pays #2 a week, whieh is eont by

‘whose apartment was rohbe

eed dollars. Another man who Vtoke a seloos
Ihe was fused
hoary payments toward the
Reading between the Hines, one ean see that flan
while in otbers actnal want and =nserin

Liquor, pays #1 a scook, Ties
port of wronged
al Ios i
are averto by probation; mt, hetter stil,
found guilty of orime are
wofcational eriminals an

at sont to insti
themselves through the eril associations.
of the bread winner of the family:
ipports them, knowing full well th :
that if he fails to do his fall dts, probation wil
nd his arrest and imprisonment will follow as sue
otlows the day.
taices it hs been found neeessary to
1. seb a8 Tazinese,

one of prota
Ing out lato at might, te
‘eases works wonders; then the jd om a
tion and they ave Tihonited again epon pro

cand admoni

Suervvounra Axwuan Reeonr, 26

It is agreed by al] who have given the subject careful thought
: ter than imprisoument for first offenders, but

y released was one young man

io hind by his aets fairly carned the right to be adjudged a
He hud served three terms

prison for theft aul forgery, His aged mother pleaded for
oy and her pst aid iu every way he could to
Miter much hesitation,

2» allewser! him t0 go, atul he is one of the best probation

the young snan a useful citizen.

ih asien's Hist, has a good place of employinent, and

« changed complete!

Worx Asoxa Boys.

As probation officer of the Court of General Sessions it hao

always been m; ‘ote as much time as possible to the

aves of bo cd with crime and in danger of becoming prom

Sonal eriminala through ¢xil,atvironmont at home or through
5 connpanions in institutions,

be com n institution

fe then,

iinpen to the average bag is 1
ef any sort; at lenst that bus beon amy experience in

deel chen carefuliy investigated,
< when all she facts are
Js another boy’e pigeon coop i
root Bght with @

another who

Drought 10

rweme Court once said to aa overzealous
roman iu my heaving von Inga been on duty im
az 9 ly. T would probably have been in prison

“Ofieer, if
wot when T
my day kuew tbe differenes
They did not try to see how
miore carefal and di

jenchs policeanes
chief and eviaue

make, Tuy to b

wwinte; try end remember that you were @ boy

many serious erimes are eommitied by boys who.

«bo subjected to corectional infences for their own good

26 Prrsom Association or Nuw Yous.

8 the duiy of the

and for the protection of the public, but

probation olcer to sleet from such offenders those who are oF

seem to be proper wr probation, reformatory or prison,
Aout twenty per sot, of all prisoners coming under 29s bers

ai Teast that as been

tion are released on probation

2 from any records are appended 3
experience. px : PP

priso

‘Mustrations
"A boy of sixteen years who lad never been in the oity but te
been brought up on a farm, came to New York to visit a rela
He met a city boy who iauhuetedt ism
ige a cue ama othr

who to vont th
York, The country boy bad 9 ney gi
grandfather befwe leaving home.

seeing the sights.” ‘The eity Jad told hin of an easy
money and ind

flat to got something to paves
guilty to the erime by my advice

not god, lion: he ln nent hea coveted

him to a€ ile is sil

and pleaded

: ove and wa
. and T gent the conniry boy hoine

to have bin

ty Bad ner Bes cn fu ste aye ki

ue semience on both be
to bis genndiaher. The city boy
soon returned to eviminal ways and E was obli
sent to  veformstors,
Herman w
was an only eo,
living by working

Ieohaved well f

‘He baad just left sell

wast widone who cant

not seventeen ol.
nd his. mothe

 laundre a

‘The boy sd worked a ai
ore delivers wago}, but when the ware
He wanted a bier

fime one department
‘weather cane he wa:

Tadty aos knowing that one wns stored inthe cella be broke fe
the door of the woodbin, got the wheel and had the good tin
he eravel.‘The bresking open ofthe wooibin des was anal
and the boy was in the Tombs when I found him. On sy

Suxrvsorern Axnuan Revers ar

recommendation the bay was allowed ¢o go om probation and the
wer. ‘The boy said he only wanted
to take it back where it belonged.

failed to realize the serious nature of his act
Cattaraugus county boy of sixteom stopped me in the eity
Ked for money to pay postage. This opened the
to his story. He ssid he Jad always worked around horses
‘work in en auction mart where horses were
His money lasted four days, and in the farnished-room,
¢ where he had been stopping, he met another boy who gave
He tried to get money on them, but
ateetive who happened to be in the pawnehop questioned bir
Te transpired
the clothes had stolen them from
wotlior room in the house dusing the owner's absence, No
pryerty was lost snd both lads were released on probation. I
Jul the coutry boy clothed and fed and then sent him beck to hi

came here to ge

lathes to pas

and a2 a zesult both boys weve arrested
tthe Sop whe gate bit

eventeen-yearold errand boy, who bad been trusted by his
‘employers, 9 firm of Wall street brokers, with thousands of dollars,
Another boy
smploy stole $100, and, overcome by remorse, put
sturned it to the office of the fim,
ore it fell into the bands of the first named boy. He was afraid
o vetumn it and sbandoned his situation, He was soon arrested
aul acknowledged his guilt with Tavestigation
‘ed that be came from @ good Ger in Brooklyn;
at his father had a little busine the family was highly
wsled hy all eho knew them. The father restored the money
the firm and the pastor of the church to whieh the family
longed joined vwith complaining witness in asking the court to
tive the bay one more chanes to prore himself worthy of respect,
Tho jndge told the boy that he would allow him to eerve his
ence in the eave of his pastar and the Prison Association,

ad of im a prison and allowed bis to go on probstion,
Frank an overgrown boy of Bohemian parentage, the son
4 ssloombeeper, stole some harness from a stable to get money
zo toa theatre, His father would have given him money, but

wrendered to temptation in a most unusual way.

28 Puisox Assoontion or Nuw Yons.

the boy would not ask for it; he was toe proud — a most peculiar
temperment ialeel. He
father wae

tho till, but Iu
show have

it. He plemled x
diffeven
Refonwatory, Int

as in the habit of touding bar while his
scomued to de

is i

of the bus the

week; at th we E talked with 1

hin

rove!

the jr
When he

plained that

said be sus disgnstedl with trying to

rother thats tens Tats, a6 the Iieinese wae

this proved true T

roeewiting of

the wniform of th

enveil bis rel

‘A young Hollander. ten
boy on a
Aisposition fs
om a swall 1 id comple
motor, whe he was woul

what he ye

‘king 08 delivers
sloped. at umnsal

8 occupied his epare time byw

i. He did san
arraigned ior

fooud
9 build

‘The boat sas a ord A latex the bey

a customer and next # hie is going
flanger one if he con

Discrrancen Prisosces axp Reser,

"The acoompanying tnbmlaed report of the work of helping thor

who have beer. in prison explains in one way what the Association

is doing and a very few eases follove to shore how the work is done

Srers-rourre Axsvan Revorr 20

In former reports details have been given,
vunployment, trasportstion and advice

Clothing, food, shelter,

wre given always with a

view to the permanent reclumation of the individual, the aim

Jing to ele ‘men -o help thezuselves buele into tho sanks of the

lwabiding esther than to give als 0%

lave beon ‘There is in this and in every lnsge city a
f mendigants who might be

to pauperize thote who
in pris
as professional prisomers
sfully impose on good people. Few of them apply at
This work is most important, but $f the indeterminate sentence,
tion work could be successfally applied in all
ful eourte, it would he veduced to a minimsm.

tarole and pi
‘A taleuted young man

00d fauily, twenty-three years old,

Al feoia the ponitentiasy, wns 3 ip is faunily and

sf ae narnral rie! having He mnvietod if Tarseny

Temptation to teal ins

We were appealed t0 by

ie mothor fo
1

¢ of environment,
boat to Livern

ers of intwoduetion to friends of owe work in Es

today confi for a gentleman in France

vites us every month, xeporting suecess and honesty of life, Fob
‘oving ave letters from himself and from the friend to whom we

ton a cate

‘al. seeretay

Gexoa, Italy, June

xp— Tust a line letting you know that T am getting along
rate and that Tam glad I took this tip. Just at present 1
a traveling with a gentleman of quite some fortune and
> gs Tisteued to the story of my life in New York and in re-
n has offered wretars. He is @ gentleman
eats me just a man who devs everything be
‘vis in the office of the New
got a position in a foreign
lend. Tam’ deeling Sine an ize now that T done a. good
‘hing when I left New York behind me. Now PI have to elose,
fo do a little writirg for Mz. B. Thonking you for

wu have shown toward me, I remain,

‘Yours truly
(Siged) = G-——.

York The

Puisox Assooratiox of Naw Yors.

Loxpox, E. 02, June
Doan Sun.— You will be glad to bese that G——— calle
on June 1 and handed sme letter addressed to il ier I
ee : However, 1 endeavere

flee and ve had a 3
He left Loudon the sa
do go, ax in that coun!
rent, soul promised
letter of imteo
tipou, Eran.
jondon at 9 pet

that ke bad uber

sits hin and wil send
ire tbat we may bear of n ehange of Ii
TE Slag fellows case, with all good Wishes in your werly be

aosieo ‘Very sincerely,

A. K, twenty-seven years old, morphine viotim for eleven
yy five years ago, appealed

‘be eonnmitted to. prisou in

He has proved h

years, discharged from the peni

to us, Was willing, if necessary

order to overcome his weakness sincerity

‘Ho was pineed in the care

consented 10 give hin care

designed to aid

for a short time

Tris likely, wo feel. dist
TR, foris-five yours old, disehtrged prisouer wnable to ye

frionlle

fad to exbinit to our pan
fe snbmnitted to our treats!
sara, leaving his drugs with 0

‘came direct to ns with $10 given bite
Was advised how to Live most economically at
Since using up his own money lus been aided by temporary work
for whieh be his been paid, No discharged prisoner giving er
ence of real desire for work is turned away without some help.

core 8 position,

Srerrrounm Asxvar Revown, a1

Nine dollars to J. S., @ probation prisoner, being half rate
transportation to Michigan, subsequently retmmed to New York
sud at present in hospital suffering with tuberenlosis

| H, and wife, both suffer
ing with uberenlosis and unable to work steadily.

"Ten dollars to Mrs, M. for the relief of her daughter, twonty-
one years ol@, abont to be confined, lushand in prison. This
faunily sras granted a stay of oxcention of dispossoss proceedi
swing to her daughter's condition. Mother now has position of
onsokeoper for her daughter

Other Sanneial help given in e

Bightoen dollars in small sums to

of wives left destitute with
vfasts in arms, whose husbands are in prison, Positions
temporary and permanent are being coustandy procured for dis-
<1 pritoners, four of these having secently proved unfaith-

ful and three returned to prison,
12 home containing every moral influence ns been prom
1s a gixl nineteen years of ago, who had been deserted
+ promise of marringo by an ex-prisoner, and the man was

retnened to prison,

‘Two pensioners of the Association have
these @ reformed eximival oighty-2ix years of age
has heen Ioaned to men on parole whose absolute release may be
refnsed until they pay their debts, Ten dollars to Mrs. TE., whose
Incland is sm exletter carsier and now in prison. ‘This poor
woman supports hersclf and three children cleaning seventy-five

4 hotel for five dollars a weck. Sie was die-
1m her basement. room where he lived with ber throe

given $51, one of
About $27

ittle ones because of its unsanitary condition

Prisox Assocrartox ov New Your. Suerr-rounrn Awsuar Revons,

PAROLE WORK.

REPORT OF WILLIAM H. SPENCER,

Pazoue Aouwr o¥ THz Passos Assootatiox of New York rom

Erarmea axp Naraxocn Reroxsraronres, row Yeax 1908,

Hf it he true, a6 sociologists assert, that the rise and fall in the
suunber of mazzinges eorzesponds very nearly to the riso and fall
in the staples of food, it is quite as true that thore is a kind of
hnrometrieal relation between Huetwations in the deraand for lubor
nil statisties of crime, No smavr does an excessively severe win-
‘or drive the wolves from the woods out into the open and down
‘upon Cie farmer's sheep fold than docs the stress and train of
hard times deive a considerable number of the unemployed,—
those whose predatory instinets are ony held in check by fear of

wal punishment,— ost isto open outlawry and erin, We are
not, therefore, surprised 40 learn that the economic strain of the
past year bore specially hard on the Elmira paroled prisoners
Wages were low and often iregular also. ‘The best workmen

{shold their jabs but the poover eoxt wauld be likely to be laid
‘They would look half heartedly for a few days for work and
Their habits of in

instry were too tlabiy and unformed to stand a long strain. ‘Then
twas that the wolves in them began to sniff and prowl and unite
is to invade tho barriers which law has erected to protect life

unl property, And the last state of that Elmira man is worse than.
fixet, T do uot wish to imply that all of the paroled men who
fell down” when the wave of business depression swopt over
city would have stood upright and have walked in the straight
ved uanvew path bad times been good and work aplenty, but
ply that irregular work snd inadequate wages wore fxetors
in swelling the mmber of violations of parole, and depressing the
votio of the reformed to the number paroled to us, And this
csimeengendering effect was felt not simply on the 483 who were

g
8
5
8
a

reporting to us, but quite as severely on the thousands who have

En Pwisox Assoorartos ov New Yor.

received their absolute relegses in years that have passed, Ativs

nying thus much, the reader is prepared for a not altogether oat

factory report, regavited from the reformntory standpoint.

Sumber of men granted absolute rlesss,
Number of men frantelawalutezelosace,

uber of warrnts isd fo dling

‘Surber of warrant iued for crea; Napaooh

amber of men returned to Bete.

Numb of Elmira teen seatenead to State prison
[Number of Napenoch mew seatenetd fo State pela

Number of Eimicn men sentenced io penitentiary,
‘uber of Napanceh men sentenced to penitentiary

‘Number of men wanted for oF const of eres after reeeving thir
‘table yelonsn in years past

[Number of men sentenced for eximes where no reformatory warrant
‘was iosaed

IE the record of 1908 is not one to be proud of from
reforwer’s point of view, it dacs look well frou the detect
standpoint, and when one takes into aceount all the cinenn

stances, the bard times and the character of the men who have

Suery-rouwra Awyoan Ruronr 25

xily been commnittod to Khnira, thore is no reason for disoour
T say the character of tho men, Tt is pootry to speak

euch men as first offenders, Many of then are young in
sears, but old in crime ‘Thoy bave had experience in juvonile
ity, perkapa for the Tast ten years, many of

short young * tough,” toughs in te toughest

yy in the United States. Somo of them

aa native borv, but a considerable number have come to our
shoves from Southern Tals, fron Sicily aud Calabria. We have
now on parole two Italian Vlackmailers of the “black hand ”
spe ond they look it, Others were convicted of the geavest
burglary and robbery in the first degree, and occasionally

cilty: of manslaughter, When exch eriminale as thes are

to Elmira, it raises the question what eousideration influenced

It is no reproach to Elmira Reformatory that 3

Las not reformed the hardened eriminal, as many aro who are
faution and paroled to us. It did all that it

1d do Kittle more than wash their faces,

cut off thety tobacoo and restzain thom from plundering the public
for thirteen inouths, When paroled to us, they are dineeted to go
twa place to work which we have with considerable pains invost!-
nell and approved for them, Instead, they probably take a beo
line for some Bowery dive where they meet theie old pals and eon-
vet schemes for a new earcor of erime. It seems to us that it is
‘ore than a faree ta send auch men to Ebnirs. Tt is a mockery
reform, an outrage on justice, a grievons inflietion on the inno-
cont and long suffering public. ‘They ave burglars or pickpockets
horse thieves, or blackailers, or highway robbers with rans in
sit pockets and blackjacks up their sleeves. ‘They are men,
not boys, men who 9s boys probably drank in depravity with thefr
vothes’s milk and had it beaten into them by a drunken father’s
et To reform sich men as these, one would neod to start with
‘heir parunts, perbapa with their grandparents. We must first
jorm before wwe can thoroughly reform. The father of one of
these boys wrote me recently, begging me to look after bis son on
purole, that he was drifting into bad compsny, and addod: “I

fan‘t go to see you, ts Tam in Raymond Street Jail.”

36 Pawtox Astocramiox or New Yor.

Tet ne give you ove ilustration of the hardened crook, suck
‘as we froqnently hare to deal with. A man of 23 years of age,
0. C." by name was parale’ to us recently. Two days after
arrived, he naked to be allowed to go to Pittsfield, to work for a
brother iivlaw. He said be was to travel back and forth £
mould zepoxt in person regulavly, Pesmaissio
1 showed that he
oklyn, Manbattaa a

and disappenr with
structed to take the drives’s
some specified comer of the +t
‘the horse, mount bis back 9
stable whove son

shipped and sold ia Pave

ffor his servieos
‘Mills Hotels. ‘This modern Fagin

Dasiness for mysel

Mr. Seott, for all yon

now in the Tombs eval

hhas had tho andaeity

hon bo up th

A Rronaneases Trex on Crnasat.
March 9, 1908,
Mr. Spencer:
‘These few Hines to you to inform yon that F qm in the Toml
‘ng a picee of zon which they etaim
Mr. Spencer, T wih son
Iroad me to. State's peisan by
Why I did not report to you tivo more titn
T left New York and came back in Deeember

Sixry-rounsn Axavat. Revonr, 8t

lute to go to you and report. Well, I got a job in a saloon as a
hno-tendar aud led a straigh: life which T ean prove to you if you
will call ou mo in the Tombs, In the meantime, I met a girl and
srvied her and since that very day, 20 help me God, T did all

hay was asked of a man to do. T would not like to go up to
if Sing, because where wonld mny yonng wife be by the time I

> Tone, to the dogs and disgraced for lide, I would

and what good would L be by that time,

ic to Eluira, L would not be a conviet, when

20 years old the 24th of this month, Mr.

ake, Wook into my case, for T had to in

“THOMAS 1.”

One manst be loss than human not to he touched by such an ap-

pealing letter, yet T. K. knew very woll that that “little piece of
iron” found in his pocket when arrested on suspicion, was a
vurglar’s jhomy, and was eurviod by him for no honest earpentey
ork, ani that the Inw very propesly prescribes a severe penalty
ioe Waving sich a tool in one’s possession, T have always tried
obe good.” No, Thomas, you did not try to keep your parole like
hhonost bos. You changed your job, oven left the city without
mission. Yon went to work in a saloon as a bartender, all die
inctly against the rules you promised to observe, and yet, Thomas,
are young and we think you
the const decided

1y still be reformed and we

xy of our work depends in no smnall degree upon the

spivit of eo-operation with the Detective and Police Depart

of the city in ferreting ont criminals, My associate, Sor
cont Wiliams, is most alert, o istent and relentless
pursnit of the eriminsl, but although doing the work of

‘vo ordinary men, i is impossible for him to cover two fields of

38 Paisox Ascocration of New You.

investigation, vin-— the boys on probation by the courts and the

Son A ards Gos El ne Ronen Ue

should be done to prowure the best disciplinary’ results, It o

to see thal bo is at work, and if not, to leaen the resson why, an

also to devote move tino ta Lemting up delinquents and criminals
1 retslutiens of the faithful b

‘Thote is right here a vast an

snd moreover, to enconrae
friendly visiting in theis home
Aimost totally unexplored field for the very beet kind of relur
work, While i is a pave of on fanccion fo detect the erin
two endeavor to miko every man feel that wo neo his friends aml

are here to help his 0 gladles the heart

Aue eer era ee ea eons

there to drop timely swords that shall fall like the good seed in the

fruitful ground and. spr
when the exper

Mr. George Deyo, Assistant Supt. aay tate.
when I took a Sabbath. I have earned $40 and have
Yor bond) 90"ton day, 90 oats fv er fare
The remaind:
Sosee 3,

Suxrerountit Anxvan Rurorr.

Rurosr
Naw Youn, Thursday, Sept. 1%, 1908.
Dear Mr, Scott
‘his io ny Atl report and Lam vory glad to say that I am till
oe em see NP olnce for Wan, Ac awe reeived another
a he aoe Tam now goiting $10 pee week, Tam in
So eat and my motuor end father are well pleased with
vt ae Uuharing myeeis ‘they say that auy stay at tho
ny deeote me eewotld of gond and Tam sure it did, Since
ome T have saved 10 and bave bought all the clothes T
Tell fo ene nnees Tg io the theater. esenings T 0
SN Suit t none 10 sleek; then Tgp to ed, $9 there is no
va Unik FT Jiu dho wanye after my disouorge: T dos" Took
a ona so dont think T ll got Suto bad company.
i ay orpachvof a letter writer 20 T hope you will excuse my
se erg Hoping that ow are Jn, good heslth and just a
a ran an pou always were, Trem,
‘Fours traly,
MATLHEW J. B.

wed

Revor now 4 Bor xx THe Coowner ox «Fart.
Aunosa, N, Y., Oct. 12, 1908.
Dear Mr. Scott
T herewith submit my third report, hoping it will provo satistao-
tory. ‘T have worked the whole month sud have saved $10 in the
pas aaonth, My employor is very ylensed with me snd so T sin
ich Msun, Ze sas serionely ht last week and he is in bed and
Tibco te take care of everything on the farm. We are picking
ipples and will spon be through with our fsll work and he is go
TPIS teep me through the winter. Will write again next month,
T romaio,
‘Respectfully yours,
‘HARRY P.

Ar. Spencer please let sve know if you receive this letter.

Supt. Scott:
Daan Sin—I have been working every day sineo T am home ex

cept Sundays and two holidays and T am getting on fine, I spend
ay evenings at home with my wife. I reseive the sum of $11 per

Patsox Assoourios or Nuw Your.

wreck and give my wife $10 for our expenses and spond the ether
dollar in places of tmusetent und treley sides om Sanday with
amy wife. I have bought a salt of clothes since T cane ont, We
tne Tig with mp mtbr few and since ee he bv
tnade ‘up my wind to make x sian of mpselé, ‘We ave a hp
family. . ee

‘Deuly your,

:

Suxey-voorrn Asxcar Reroms.

FROM THE DIARY OF SERGEANT WILLIAMS.
rim Panoun Daranratewe,

Avery of Bre, a pull of the “hook,” the goug sounds snd in an

cned; they rush to their places, while

ladies, balé dressed, “drop through the | Boor,

take theie places on the cngine and hose cart. In the meaneile

lias dzopped! autouatically on the borses and with the

ted they aye oif. Stes is already in the boiler

@ house the torch is applied to the care

sd Zuel, and anid a shower of spars, the shrill whistle

and onee ontsid

‘ate of trolley cars, vehicles aud pellestria

acide that the engines may have the vight of way, for
1 Sze has been started which if not ehoeked speedily will poseidly
recolt im death or great deatrnetion of property. The engine
shes on, switt

They have hardly:
yossed when down the stacet theve is heat the clang, elang, clang,

ok and Iadder track rushes by,
the red fire patrol, horses rusbing, pufing,

vostails distended, the drivers urging them on, but before they
, the hose

lag heen laid, the water tried ou, and the Sre patrol rushes in.
‘The stock is carefully covered with tarpantins and the fixe is out,
A man is loft in chorge to see that the fire does uot break out
enew and to protect the owner frown loss by theft. Th
apparatas vetuens to quasters, No lives have been lost,
ery little property hes beon damaged, because the alarm
vwxs prowptly given sid responded to, ‘The fie did not amount
re Department

come lives are lost

have reached the

munch, but will any ono question does our
OF course it pays, even tough at tin
soi properiy destroyed. ‘The genexal publie is proteeted. Such
thks every day work of the Fire Department in our great eity.
ight wwe retive fecting safe and secure beoanse of the efficieney
of oar brave fire Sghte
From another quarter comes an alarm, This time it is not the
‘arm of fize, but the ery of “Stop thief! Stop thief!” A. young

“2 Paisox Assocration o» New Yous.

doy rushes by, a crawl close
joins the chase. ‘he “thie” dash
tains to the roof, wild-eyed aud punting ke a bnuted animal a
Day ; be is placed omder arvest. The work was done as qoickly
that of the fixe department, bot a fine lias been started inthe buing
fu that is not easily quenced, ‘The officer leat.
him downstairs panting and trenibing as he faces the wob, Son

ly following at his hecls a polieema
into a hallway, up th

Lyneb him, Tyuch him le just snatebed a pack
books fran a woman,
He is a fel, tuken to the police station,

\ pocketbook eomtaiaing #23 is foi
renee to thy

o's Court, renuaudell to the city prison to avait the

of the grand jury’; indicted, found guilty

the city prison to aw nee, We visit the pr

fair haired, blnc-eyeit German hwy of nineteen paurin

of German and English at

He has an intelligent face, ini

interpreter 4)

ht, which he haz manag

save earl acl ets
before ' mat there is something in

manner of this Iny whieh draws us to bim, Tt fs Ite in

afcernoon. We have worked hard all day, our loved ones are at
hhome waiting to weleome nz to supper. We leave the jail —it is

vo vubbers nor unibrella, sl
ungry. ‘The bos"s

his appeal: * Plea
not athief. T wa

ay clings to us and wo cannot get away tren
the pocketbook,
by my misfortune,
wwe tum uot tossavd home, bt board 8 «

List fam
The cars ave reveled

going in the opposit
There are a geag-hwived father and mother ix

any, and as the evening e falling they sit dows

together and woul

‘The elder son returns

With trembling

read:

fy Americ
“ Herma:

“Dean Panexrs,—It is with haste that I pen this letter
am in trouble, [have vesehed the point of de

that T have to ask for mouey, thereby inereasing the burden in
posed upon you when I left Lome, but { meet have anoney quel
You gave mo all that could be spared when T left home and your
kind ‘provision would have bees ample if misfortnne had not

Sexrrsovern Awseat Ruvory 4a

Yofallen me, Just before our ship reached New York, the steward,
who had been very kind to me, said be would exchange my money
\d thereby save ave the exehange fee. He hid beet
te that I busted him and let hin change my money.
Dat F was going to Chicago and he volunteered to see me safely on
T accepted his services, and toget
railtoad station. Le purchased any
wadred dollar Lill aud several bills of smal
$100 bill nmi T reached Chieago, and
‘pockets. When I retched my destina-
told that the $100 was a Confederate bill and of no
Une. While on the ship I met ¢ friend of yours who was going
» live with sn unele in Brooklyn, and fortunately I took the
ies address, I did not havo money enough to return to New
and I told a kind-hearted railvoad man of my misfortune.
ailvisod that Leond my toolbox by express to the Brooldya ad:
ss, aud he very kindly put me ona freight train and T arrived
Sine York with less than $1 in may poeket. Twas afraid to go
the Brooklyn address and T asked a boy to take a message in
me, and 1 reecived a welcome into the home of ————.
‘1 hie Inew sou and would Tet me remain until T could write
He has 3 very largo family and works hard, but he went to
Deicetive Brean with me the next day and re
"The ship hind vetiened! to Enzope and #5 now on
The detectives enn do nothing until the ship re
Laan without money, anxiously looking for work and hope.
1 may find a job soon,
“ Your loving son,
“ERMAN.”

The old man had just paid several ills and ho was as near
pamiless as Herman. After several days in au effort to collect
nw money, with tears and trembling hand, the father wrote that
«could not send bim any money for a couple of weeks, but to be
gooit cheer and he would pay his board to the kind friend who
Jnod taken him into his home, The letter was delayed. ‘The friend
ad so kindly sided him said that he aust find work or go,

he had then been with him over two weeks, and his family
i Jarge, bis pay small, be could not afford to keep him longer.
niest day in desperation he sought work and failed to find i.
sensitive to return to the friends who had so Kindly eared for

lhe resolved fo take a chance on the woman's pocketbook. Tn-
wostigation thet rainy night proved his story t0 be trae, Inter-

“4 Pnisox Aesociartox or New Yor.

eoesion was made, the judge suspended sentence and the boy
returned {0 his aged parents in Germany. The villain who
rotbed him: i playing hide and seek from one eteamer and por
another to avoid arms!

in a lke adding fresh {vel to the fre th

Will you net agive wi

already been started Uy a villsinous thief # Snch is the work
Prison Association is accompli Ip. Like the fire depai
ment, we are prepasal to res dlarm, and many young
men ave xesenedd and saved fr of exime, thereby protecting
the Tives snd the public, and many bomes made happy
cp.
dctinguerts and making arrests fs probes
he nose Gisngveenble work of the A:

tion, Tt és diiend: to snake a young men who bas stastod on th
downward roed Lelieve thot the parsle agent and detect

parele 2
‘sontenced to th led ix dng time

‘appeared later

and while attempting to escape
fired tro , one of whieh hit
him in the

fenced to efx months iu th

weapon and again sentenced

hhis new name. He was par cond time and was ea
“jostling” on a 1 when 1st

was going 10 work, splann why he wo:

when he should the diveetion

work, Investia
ie and hind made false s retumed to the re

formatory al complains that Ie has aot been treated fee

‘Many times those questious are asked: Doss the reform

form? Ts-a bay ben

fansywer them by a

course in a honeding school? TF he sv

by having been in the reformatory #
ie another question: Ts a hoy henefited by
to school with the in
“Ef hie goes to do mischel
feachers or bis books, We try

tion of learn!
hie will not be helped by bis

Sixry-voorric Axsvat Rerons.
teach tbe loys with whom we come in contact that it is uot the
ject of the law to avenge for a crime committed, but to hold
for « time im the hope that they may see the

fully of a criminal life, and while 20 held to give them @ eourse in
hy school of Tetters, teach them part of « trade, and train them
Our city oxpends wuillions yearly for the eduestion

chi a, but it eamnot he justly charged that it is the fault of
tie school or the principals thereof that the children do not reach
ic top tang on the ladder of eduestion. Tn the establishment of
the zefermatory ar Ehniva the State of New York hus made a
Zor soung: men who have started on the road of
June, aod it emunot be charged that St ie the fanlt of the fnstitn=
ach the top mmg an the
hh en institution

joa or its head if all the heys
formation. The me
npendons problen
Kew York daily papers “
good zeuton why n boy is not seformed after a sojourn
wwonths in Elmira, whon we consider that. he hes served
tem of two years in a protestors and five years and eleven
in Clinton Prison before reaching Elmira, It is not sar
ising to hear that he has been sentenced to State p
and fire months after bis release from 1he
int a boy bas served three terms ina

Lave seen the pictnre in
There ig a reason.”

wssacheotts prison before
yong man bas served a term in Sing Sing,
hen cent to Elmira, is paroled, beeames delinguent and is shot
sad in the act of committing a burglars. Boys ave sentenced to
mira after having heen in training seo, « pro-
or, the House of Refuge and art's Tsland, and some of them
‘icon ju three ont of fon of the abore institutions before
‘yee to Bln
‘is not strange that Mx. Speneer has put the pereentage of efor
atin 0 few. He as not daue eo beeanse he wishes to, bnt bo
‘se our investigations chosw it, We wish it wore 99 or an even
1), but if it dropped below KO we would be compelled to believe
nn our experience with the boys that the State of New York ean
prond of those who heve reformed anvd that the end has justified
tke expenditure of every dollar appropristed in this noble work,
tnd better still these dollars exe earning interest, not in dollars

Bo you wonder that all the hoys do not reform?

46 Prisox Astooration ov New Yous.

aud cents, but im lives of industry, thrift and good citizenship.
We meet them daily on the delivery wagon, in the shop, on the
‘ears and in various places. One young man —bis lesson was

hard one —seutenced to Ehnira ai the age of eighteen for gra

lazeeny in the tevond degece; comet bad, he lost ten months, w

thon paroled, went back to his old Ramus, wag returned and
paroled che second time, I visite
and always found him »

n fire tines while ox parole
It is some tine since
Board granted his absolute release, but he is work

every day the voice of his handiwork ia heard

her, and whose daughter hod lieen Inved away frou hiome aud her
only boy sentenced to Eliza, 1 hawk you for whi
hhas been done for matory.” She gave we his
card and said afi Te supp

me and keep + late T sow hitn én

his place of business on Foust aveme, yot it is only a little over

While writ 1 im_and greeted
me warmly, [had returned folation of parole
August, 1907. He was paroled September 20, 1908, worked
steadily at a salary of 812 per week iti
release, banked! newely half
charge of
city at $18 the promise of a raise to $25
Ast. As ho left me he said: “And the best of it, Mr, Williams,
T didn’t know a thing tho business when I went to Elmira,
T learned it there.
‘These sad many move are the cases with which we have &
in contaet in the past four years, We help the boys when
want to be helped. If they are hungry, they are fed. IF th
are naked, we clothe them and when they won't be helped, we do
four hest to put them where they will be eared for and societs

protected from their depredations, We leave it to our readers to
ecide if the probation work of the Prison Association is a benefit,
to the public at

Sixrrrounsm Axnvat Report.

INSPECTION OF SING SING PRISON.

Om March 25th your committoe consisting of Messrs, Barrows,
Chisolm, Sawyer, Shelton, Me, Schieffelim being unavoidably
detained, visited Sing Sing Prison, We were met at the depot by
the son of the yarden, Mr. Fost, and taken divact to the prison in
rsiages provided by him. The warden, Mr. Jesse Frost, was
awaiting us and showed us every courtesy, placing himself entirely.
Aisposal during our stay of six honrs, entertaining us hos.
pitably at dinner, and personally accompanied ws upon our tour of
After formally stating the object of our visit, at the warden's
nugyestione we fist visited the moss bull, a8 preparations wexe then
ving made for the noon meal. We earefully examined the tables,
Jisios and utensils, ‘The first, which are of alate and fron, were
‘lean; before euch place wes ¢ large china bowl containing about
nie pint of @ vegetable soup. It was hot and tasted good and
Inoked appetizing, Upon eaeh bowl was an earthenware plate,
cover to the bowl and kept the soup hot, the
1m from which in tum served to warm the plate. The ration for
Jay was sansage, the equivalent of tio aansages, one large or

tivo mediem sized baked potatoes on the table heside the plate, also
large ung of eoffee and a picee of breal, Ax some twenty

whieh served

ates are required to arrange the fo0d, as the prisoners enter the

hot gravy was ponved over the seusage. During the meal
1d by the attendants, the prisoners being permitted
to help themselves without zestriction, but no waste was permitted,

The prisoners are assembled in companies in the different shops
sere they are employed and mare two by two in close formation
y the mess hall, Tt was noticed that aged ond infirm prisoners
weve not reqnired to keep the close formation of the more able,
Both as they entered and emerged from the mess hall a good
apport fered to examine the physical condition of the
‘men, Prison pallor was noticeable in all, influenced somewhat by
‘tho oooupation engaged in, those more closely confined in the knit-
ting and shoo shops showing it more than those in the smithy and.

43 Paso Assoorarios ov New Yous.

‘carpenter shops. Suggestively the bope was expressed that more
‘outdoor Isbor could be provided and the opportunity offered by the
New Prison eonstruct

fit to the physical ax
thereby 7 whole the men seem well nowrishe
lem, nnd i. good physical condition. A cavefal exomination of
the dietary lists was made. Ik was learned that no rule

the smount or nature of the faod existe

eretionary powers in the matter, with the ai

sivian, should be Fr e. Tavler the px

jm that way, Undonbted bene
condition of the men worl

stated sum is che prison, Soom whic the
‘warden, must meet all

tax, repairs (anless extraordinary),

Sing the sum is $175,000,

not elastic, but the number of inmates varies. The

Unforimately

dition therefore exists that the warden is Himited in the amount he

hhas to maintain the prisim nt las no voice in she asmbers that be

mty be called upon to provide At present thove axe some

1,880 inmates, exchisive of gnards, watchin, and other employ

ees, a mnunber far in excess of Hhe proper limits of The prison,

‘As the prison itself Inns been eonidemned, rant commictee do not
to report pon the stretiral or emitary de

feets, One featie, however, should be eandenmed as yemicions in

consider it need

the moral and pliysieal influence upon the wen. At present there

fare about 900 eclls, each cell being 3147.7 fect or containing

being orer the other, thus giving to each man loss than 85 oubie
fect of air
“When it is realized that an ordinary man takes in and g

at each respiration from 400 to 500 e. e, of air, and allowing 38
respirations to the minute it is easy to compute the amonnt of pw
oxygen obtainable ally the State would be averse to addins
4o the present prison in view of the new structure contemplate!
‘When, however, it ie zemencted that from four to five years mut

lapse before Bear Momntain will be available, it would eeem th
some expenditure would be jnstifiahle to ameliorate tho presext
‘unsanitary and unfortunate condition. Possibly a reeommenci

Scxrvzourrm Axxuat Resor. 49

tion providing for some temporary eélls whore aged and trusted
prisoners with an exceptionally good record eould be placed,
‘would provide the needed temporary relief

‘Tho distery Lists were carefully examined and disous

1: meal, belug the principal ene, was variable, the b

eakiast consisted, five days ® week, of moat
bread, and coiee, about 400. po f canned
et Vouk being used at each breakfast

w it is genevelly liked. Fish was substituted for
noon meal on Friday. The supper consisted of bread
which the men take to their cells and can eat at more

The amount of meat allowed for the noon meal was 900 pounds,
nnd upwards, depending somewhat upon the portion used, but
to the 400 pounds used in the morning meal it gives to
aman, nearly one youn i per diem.
The workshops were all visited. ‘The mien seem to be contented
wi ther various employments, the amount of work required being
nsed upon ¢ portion etch alike, those eompleting their “stent,” as
as called, were noticed sitting by their machines or windows
Barbers awere at work in all departments. Coll ntensils were
vilized in hot water between each application. Hair cutting was
npulsory once a month, shaving twice « week, ‘The men were
fully serutinized and ao evidence of skin disease or irritation
apparent, the commnunicability of barbers’ itch being euch as
indiente that the implements used were eleaned as stated. Each
has his own eup and brush, Boxes filled with sawdust or
shavings were provided aecessibie to every man for expectoration,
and nt few instances wore noticed where such provision was
velected
aihs are provided hy two methoda — tubs and showers, ‘The
were tised when diteeted by the physician in charge. Com-
nolory bathing once a week, more frequent opportunities are pro-
led 1 requested. Altogether come forty showers were available
and si tbe
The warden stated that criticism had been made of the “in

50 Puisox Assooration of New Yo

humanity" (the term nied) of eompelling men to bathe in eael
other's presence without any protection, but upon careful observa
tion he hag concnded that the present iwethod wae the best. The
isk of soelasion affording opportunities Zor peunicions practices
deing too great, le ndvised a contiuustion of the present meth
The kitehon, c king utensil, all sppoawsl well em
and clean, Tucreased Tight,
advantage, but stra
‘Aa brend constitn

amined its preparation with care. Tb is x

ation would be a avea

arally not praetienble in this old building

9 lange a portion of the dietary we ex
fine white flour,
thoroughly baked in a massive rotating boker, and was of excellent
quality

We visited snd examined the schools ond tho chapels, of which
Jatter thro are provided, one for the Roum Catholie and one for
the Protestant prisoners. Attendauice at one ov the other is com:
pulsory om Sundays, Oppontinities &
of the church avo 2

We visited anc inspected the Ulnek cells, padded calfs, and the
Dospital, and fos shom all im gond condition suitable to the pur
poses for which thoy aro wsed, Special atioution was
the medical sexviee. The stenogeaphie report accompany
give the information in the most snecinet,
to punishments

‘Your committee were united in their opinion that the gouers!
condition of the prison was satisfactory, and that the warden, 3
Jesse 1. Froet, is interested in his work and making every
Aeavow for the welfare of
of the men.

nufession and othe offices

sm and also in rear

charge and the general improvement

Sismerounrs AxsvaL Revorr.

MINUTE RELATIVE TO SAMUEL JUNE BARROWS,
ADOPTED MAY 20, 1909.

Tho Executive Committee of the Prison Association of New
York learned with eorrow that on Wednesday, April 21, Samuel
June Barrows, the Corresponding Secretary of the Association,
had died of puevmonia in the Presbyterian Iospital in the
Manhattan of this city. He bad been ill only a week
his death was respected. Tn this, their first regular meeting
‘noo this sad event, they would pay iis personal tribute to hie
a few facts of his Tif
ny York city in Colnmbia street, where the
Thov comes, on Monday, May 26, 1845. His
Ju. his mother half Quaker and half Dutch. Tis
fathor died when be was for years old, and as there were five
litte children to eare for, the boys were sont to work after brief
hooting, Ie entered at nine years of age his cousin Richard
Hoe's machine shop at a salary of ome dollar a week, ont of which
he reserved one cent for his private expenditures, The rest he
ave 10 bis mother, Tle studied in the night school fomnded by
Xie, Ile for his apprentices and semained nine years with bir
20 he was tho operator of the telegraph which
‘factory with Mr, Moore's. During the Intier
is stay he studied in the night school of the Cooper Union
Chick was incorporated in 2857, He mastered Grabam’s
“a and for over year (18624) was a shorthand clerks of
Jer & Wells, In 1864 he volunteered in the navy, but was
rejected om the score of health; co to regain his health, he went to
‘Danseille (XN. ¥.) Sanitarium, where he paid
1 amd board by stenographie work for the pro-
(On leaving the senitarium
sive, ke hecame a reporter 0
fe asistant editor. Tn 1867 he became William Henry
vvivate secretary and was natil 1871 in the Goversment employ,
fn the Concular Brent and the Burean of Rolls, His thoughts

haw turned to the rainistry. Hle hd been brought up # Baptist

Paisox Assooution of New York.

and his wife, whom he matried in 1867, had been a Presb
ferian onissionsry in Indie, but both were now Unitariens and so
he entered the Harvard Divinity School is
tbeologien! lehors by
Yellowstone
the Nein
River and Big Lorn, anal the nest 5

After graduar Divinity

He varied

the organ of bis denomineti
post and did good service

While editor ho become interested in penology. In 1895 he
was Seoretary sited States delegation at the International
Prison Con: self feom the start em
President
national. Pris

He was also one of the

founders 0

Taw of the f meraber of the Tureruational Su
tive Criminal Law. Mt bi hie was Pi

fin. author of the praation

nt experiowe of p 2, foe, exving to po
complications, he, a strong TR was chosen to represen
the Tenth Mossochnsetts Dist

Siftyfith Congress and served bh
when he songht ne-clection
defeated, President Hares

appointed him Tibravia
gress, bnt civenmetamece forced hie declination. Ta
became Corresponding Secre

60 for nine years our aflairs have been guided by him. How

tary of tho Prison Association, aud

quickly did the old friends of the Association Sind ont thet be

Stxrv-roonri Axwuat, Revon

‘was the right man in the right place! How quickly did he win
pow friends for the Astociation? Our finances improved in eur
prising manner and the community govorously replied to his
sppoal for material help. And no one who read one of his 9p-
jm speak on our work, could have ques
tioned his eonspetener. The voice was that of the shepherd and
ine master, not of the hiveling or the novice, Ile pleaded the eause
prisoner hoeause he wae g lover of man and counted those
bers of the human amily who had broken the social contract
as still worthy of limmam teeatinent and of every effort to regain

win them baek to the path of duty.
ettos, our astonishment at the range
‘sand of his information constantly grew. To us at
d editor of important
ruports on pe jects, the fountsin of knowledge on pris
fous and prisons, their helps and their hindrances, their friends
and thir foes. We shared hi jas in the good work of
prison reform and wore glad to cooperate with him. We too
wanted to see the fee system sbelished in every county of our
Stnte, to soe all the jails under proper eautrol, and geaft in prison
‘Thon we found that he had interest in
‘and rejoiced if bo could wid by ad-

xy and other help tho

seut on we dizeovered that he bod other interests, thot his sym-
pathics took an extra -y range, We found that there was
ho eavse in which the welfare of man or woman was a factor in
which he was not ready to He was a strong advocate of
the education af Tadians

lepending upon us. As time

abstinence, of wom sulfroge,
end of tho colored people, of international peace and comity. He
heew himself into the support of Russian freedom, and would
oied in fi oy other people. He was,

an of remarkable accomplishments. He was acquainted

daily drew deep deanghts

We had traveled widely and

‘pen eyes, and lied entered into friendship with men of many

‘And swith all be was a masiefan, When he played on

he ongan or sang in the oratorio, he was earried sway and you
‘would have said that musie was his only passion. We found that

54 Parsox Assooistiox or New Yous.

thore wore many who knew him in one or two of these interest
‘but there was probably none who knew bim in them all.

And then what a fine mom he was! He bad chem, Ho was
full of humor, he sparkled with wit. He was qnick in
ment and in his speech. He :
ovorilowed with aympsthy and appreciation, His presence
always choory. ‘There wns smulight where he was; there was
oome. He was a live a
joy and penee

sas in him a mighty tide
unselfish life, and only th
who live for otliors got the beat out of life, Te wielded a
ant pen, could make an cloquent speeeb, draft an interesting
seport. He knew how to se e of axticin
§n fect it soomerl as if he conld
that which was ete,
him. Tn him men saw vi

We thouglit thet there were for us many more years of joint
labor under his leadership, ond that he wonld be permitted in
the serenity of old age to continue his service as counsellor aft
his active days were oven, Dnt God has willed if otherwise. H.
hhas closed the book of ithly Tife

most interesting page. Te has died in

Fant seems to us its
Entness of his solivity
and in the maturity of bis powers. Bt lis work is done, Ant
it wae a great and needed work. We say fareseell with tone?
voices, farewell till we moet again.

Suxrvounsn Axsvas, Rerons.

SAMUEL JUNE BARROWS.
CIRCUIT RIDER IN THE HUMANITIES.
Pave U. Kestoae,

THE WIRELESS MESSAGE

iil tose ia ioe ~

1h Lon sal on the wither boon,

Fe we.
Se eg pre
Ta his verses on Life and Song, Sidney Lanier lamented that
re eioger hed it yok eome, who should Holly tive his inst
— tre ates if life ora cought by w clavionct and its honrt were
Twtenly bodied forth in the threbing of tho reed. ‘Tho Oratorio
scaly and the Prison Asoclation af Now York united tbe
evening of May 27 at Mendelsohn Hall in a eorvico commemorm
tre of te life of Samet Je Tinseows ‘The splendid chorasee
ia which ho had lifted op hia voioy for yeara wets inareparvd
by addresses telling of im aa the helper of prone, the lover
of letter, the lover of justice, the man of peace, the shephord of
tral, howe ave to mney cepts of alte, lg na fll, which
Tootned many of those fetes that bind men to anisery
ry, war and roee Batred) and which, in tr
‘dient links ‘with musie and the otber Joye
or i wad muro worly tre of him, thea of most
fen, dat * hin song ad only Hiving aloud; kin york, 9 elgiog
with his hand”

Puicox Assoersttox or New Your,

“te. Barrows died of pnoumonia on April 21 at the Prosbyteria:
Hospital, Now York, The illness caine pon him suddenly in
‘he fond tido of the seax’s work; and bis very loyalty to the publ

i him, wade ii loath to be socouciled and to
Tai Ita dic Iike a anint,” he sai
x decent ma
scious
‘will ineet withont its elee
41 to tke chair of #his

president

sor
: roreruments, wil sno"
only af

to them a

seh wither

vwhen he

ith the hardened sounder of obecn

so Test a friond, as surely as their I
for gonceations to come, i bound to

fafnovood ly the things he anbstantially advanced

Mr, Baswsss’s Inet piece

in prison — to be visited tho

Tn Mereh, 3 baad
of Madame Brosh mnie wobl

Russian vevolut Dies pee

Ties sidks in the fo
be glad to gire my life for Babushka,” be said
snorgent inission to Rrvaia, and would com
Leanmot gp: T think you should go.”
g sickness to Bins, Parrows, but

alone on this

wing the wife nck to her own

steamers
‘be sure, however, that there was <i

after bis death 5
munion between them —eneh answering chords of the spirit
Found expression in the stanzas on the preceding page which be

Suxrr-soumen Axxvat Ruroze sr

ud written, helfprophetieally it would seem now, when they
were lest on the oocan togethes
Separated at death, in life Mr, and Mss, Barrows have been
truly at one that a revies, however brief, of the work of either
dunst bave miueh of the character of a joint biogeaphy. Their
tion on @ volume of reminiscences is one of the plans
those fulfillment his desth came to prevent. This sharing of
i work together wae the znove remarkable becanse of the great
ciety of exparienee whieh he, as few isen, got out of his genera
Here was a men who eninpaigned in the Indian country, and
a pence advocate; who dug sp Greek temples and pulled down
who as linguist auastered the harshest consonants of
dhe nations, and as a street singer sang oratorios, and wrote bal-
leds; hove was a awswspaper correspondent, yreacher, editor, sten-
ciapher, penologist, parliamentavy lendex, poct and humanitarian.
10 ower East Side,
York. fa child when hig father died after a pro-
sara were of utter poverty
and her four ebildr
iter mold English reefpe.
he printing press works of R. Hoe
J ton hours a day; his wages were a

_ Bavvows was born

Ustened tbrough thrce heary sermons:
his employer let

Me wages go on vale the boy Lhool. Colonel Hoe
wis a diiend of Moree, the inventor of the telegraph, and the
frst private wire im the woeld was strung to his factory. Twelve-
srold Samuel Barrows operated it also siudied short
raul, and throughout ‘was an expert. stenographer.”
Desing the war he attempted to enlist in the nay but was thrown
‘on account of health; and to retrieve the drains in strengtl

is, and Mee. Barrows acosmplised jointly what bad ever en done

58 Pasox Association of New Yorx.

hich overwork since childhood had made upon bir, he took a
i retary a the Dansville Sani

position as secretary with De. Jackson of the Dans

Tewas there that lie met Isabel Hayes Chapin who was

missionazy to return to India,

od where her hn:

tarium.
equipping hereelf as a medic
wither ne asa bride of cigh
bend had died. Mr, ang Mis. Barrows wero married June 2
“They were twenty-two; they had no money ; but they w
‘and with rare courage and mutual helpful
set about « larger preparation for the work of Tife
While Mrs, Darrows completed her medical studies — those
were the days whon omen smdents wore pelted and ridiested
Bir. Barrows surved as a reporter on the New York Tribune, and
for a summer as city editor on the Now York World, then
religious daily nied stenographie tecretare
to William: HL. Sew o Department of Bt
util 1874, At one time he fell i with typlioid, and Mrs, Bs
ows took his post, the first woman employed in the departm

Ta 1968 he was a
and rem

completed her monieat studies by a ye

e : Returning to this coun

fat Viewua, specializing in the ege.
she opened an oftce in Washington, the Grst oculist at the nation
capital. She (anght also in Howard Medical School

Mz. Barrows had stndied ont of hours at Columbian University
h 1d Greek) and was now enatled
He entored Harvant
1,), ‘Those

pons Teetives ia natirsl

(exelianging shorthand for Latin
to complete bis own ps
ond graduated

2 ‘The work was done by 31

reported them st a page in Teng

and Mes, Barrows, and their reports were anade up by Agassi:
into a book.

During the summers of 1878 and 1874, the d
was with General Custer on the Yellowstone and in the Black
Hills as correspondent for the Tsibune. His summers were £
of adventure: he was the first to report the discovery of gold
the Black Hille, « bullet struck a tree just abore his bend, and te
companion was kills

inity studen

narrowly eseaped an ambueh in which hi
By good fortune ke did not sct ont the next season — th
massncre — but with Mrs, Barrows spent the year im. pK

Sisry-roceru Aysuar Ravoxe, 59
ute studies at Leipzig, Returning to this country, he was made
owiuister of tho Hrst parish, Dorchester, Mass, Four years later
iw Heeume editor of The Christian Register, making that Uni-
jn journal a national force duzing the decades of the great
Lurch Weoklies. Tn 1897 be was clected to the Afty-fifth Con-
republienn from a heavily demoeratie distriet which bad
iecn outraged by a earvupt ineumbent, His iret success was in
vateing from Congress permission to send ships to Tndia Yoaded
1¢ sufferers; his chief spooch was perbape
nd works of axt free of daty —
in that bulanee which has been pointed ont as characteristic
the compelling intorests in his life.

m Dut during that time
the Americnn Congress with the parliaments
He was the first American to join the Inter-
Union, and ten years later was the active member
the St. Louis mocting which brought
atives of the legislative assemblies of all civilization,
Tarrows's retirement fom Washington marked the matur-
xr work for prison reform. He bad boen one of
the Massachusetts Prison Association and bad
welop the probation aystem in thot State, In 1896 he
pointed hg President Cleveland commissioner for the
Vrived States on the Tnternational Prison Commission, serving
presenting the United
nial congresses in Paris, Brussels, and

congress he was clected presid
bis efforts that the congress of 1920 is to be held in Wash
os. Mr, Barrows was instramental in seeuring a federal
sypronwiation of $20,000 for this congress, and the major work
reparation has been done by him. With Mrs, Barrows he
| planned a tour this summer of the South American republics

st their interest in the Weshington gathering.
159 Mr. Barrows was appointed corresponding secretary
{hw Prison Association of New ‘and for ten years his
‘see for progress and breadth of view in penal legislation
been cumulative in both State and Nation, It has been
cd Uy repeated assnlts on the stupid blunder of eapital pun-
Mouent, by his rendy recognition of the juvenile court idea, bia

congressional carcor

hort — one term was instru

ittee in chnage o!

‘on its excentive committee and 1

60 Paisox Assooisiox oF New Yous.

energetic attacks upon ¢
fering axpport of the zefortatory moreest probation and
Thee have been linked with 2 grasp of the technical si.

ma of prison idleness, and his um

8 er

the pretent State Comtn

with the task of ropleei

niogom structive. ‘To th

Sweden, Finland, Russia, Gerwueny

Some of the best energies of the last yea

voted, against lo
vent in the wew justitet cof the standards et

workhouses aad a svforme
taken sick, he was in Albany

of sherifl

Tish a bos e Gor the dete

reformation and. instruetio jersone eouvieted of rag,

arunkenncss, Jol Howaed
School ” for the educations and mozel iuateset
javenile delinguoxts, a a sepurt
arafted for the Prison

publication one week before his deat

leased fe

‘The poow boy in New York is
is the youthinl felon
overlocked

Tt is appalling to thi
and nezieet 2 b
where he
work and with

‘But the youthful iniedew

dened offend
maber of bes

ee Brat pen only of the presnt seport were writen by Dr. 2
owe ut before Lie death) Hor ihe seat of the eporty he t.ho!
EY response

Suxryvourrm AxxuaL Reon. a

15,473. In addition more than 10,000 between the ages of twenty-
ne sud thirty, are likewise ‘sentenced to the jails and
ponitentiaries,

‘The passage is cited because of its timely hearing, although
it is not representative of the lofty uttormecs which found place
‘Biz, Burrows’ speeches and writings, nor of those Tess

frequent instances in which indignation mounted over his
joke the wrath that was in him at
ine coutinuation of conditions that sieken and besot kusanity.
is public arrajgement was of methods ond inst
han of men, He va a staunch rf e aye
wu, and thovgh he sueceeded in having it abolished in many

jacent kindliness, ‘Then ho

s vather

ouities in New York State, those who love him best feel that be
iat ¢9 his warfare in behalf of this enue, THis last letter,

irom, Aliauy the day he w

id that be was determined to fight till the
‘ont f the aronghclds ofthe spate,
ner, ho ugh to

a field im the old Long
of tho profit in thels eop. ‘There is clea
reaponsibe for Blocking the reforms for which be stood, must
ile with thle cous ‘hey tnay,— the who die
Contd the dteaso and cvinineliy bred i rush eosdtion, and

i the velormator

Tland jail beea

ade men rich. And theve is @
of his death to younger men to ennyy forward the eauses that laid
such compelling, hold upon his Tast strength,

Tn his federal capacity, Mr. Barrows did mueh work with the
Department ef Tustice toward a rovision of the penal Inw of
he United States, He was identified with bills before the last

1¢ for the parole of United States prisoners, for

of probation officers and the suspension of sen-

cc in United States courts, and for a revision of the statutes
rodeting to the commitment of United States prisoners to refor-
natories of states, THe was tremendously interested in the work

62 Prisox Association ov Nuw Yon.

of the Jocel commission which reported in Jannoxy on he ja
workhouse, ete., in the Distviet of Columbia and which recon-
mended the establishment of a model system for the mation
capital.

‘Mr. Burrows's sorvieos wore not restricted to cither New Yurk
or the Federal gov They sere at the eall of prisou re
in every state, ‘This wos ill
as departmental edi un

Charities aud

ted inhi lng ralutecr
of the dling
fection Anjong rent nndrdaings, mention sheild be med
Eis wok on flescnntice vueh is
SSeonsiout the pant
ested be etoenteey foe god obitinw las for he ory a
of Okita, adaeeiog tho Legit lat gear in thelr bela
ae be wa
a sled yoo x Bing 4g
Temes le eames
in Malate
Tarough mporte prepared forthe Ineratint] Prick, Com
simi ie Wok 4 cuit dor i eaolgy fads pee
form and he bon clcalatd in any eoutienThave he
tite, indi reports on the Cessna Tos
Stator end. Foreign Gnuntioy the Tneternia
Slate, Poutl Colas of eatie, Garmney
Motern Privon Syatonn, New Begilation Conching Gites
Mideneenor,, Growth of tbe. Criminal Levy. and. Chile?
Courts of the United States, Mr, Barrows made these reporis.
pastiee ott ti bloasal Hips 16 Buaope as Ametink
sonmitiner, responsible fo the Department of Sate, haf
shat an tuto onze diplomatic service —an infra sah

ortsed local intense
tions of i

three state o

sadorship to all nations in the eause of enlightened justice. 7:
for instance, iwo letters received (since his death) in the san
day's mail, One from Tasmania, tells how primitive is the prior

aystem there, what great changes will have to be mude before i

Sorrrsourmn Anxuan Report. 6s

can truly be veformative, It adds that the system set forth in
the New York Association's report sent b sows will largely
form the key to the improvements advocated. You have given
fresh courage in this, my ligo work, and strength to camry it
on," the writer says,“ You little
soutt kindness will reach.” ‘Phe

w how far into the future
cond letter is fron un official
of the Transvaal Prison Department, who hnd roceived cous] and
copies of reports ftom Mr. Barvows, and who bad given then wider
influence by lending the veports in many quarters, * where thep
vkl be more eloquent than 1,” and making them available for
ho prea, Tho water saya:
ein cleor that American med
trast in the Putuse that we
United States ana! inte place. When. T
we have a reformatoey in full
I he Farge psn an that
role and pression and other improve:
ingents, you will sea that
ame yon books was hot extinely in vei
Snice forbids exeursions into other ficlds of interest whieh Mr
Tis
Sannon Street Chureh, as zolaied in bie
Baptist Meeting Honse." Soon after his majority be
weme @ Unitarian, and what a friond has ealled his inosctant
leiptniness” was but « practical living ont of the eatholeity of
4s Tuith, -Mergerat Deland drew not a little of the material for
ler novel, “ Jokn Ward, Poeacher,? from his easly book, © The
mi of the Majority of Mankind,” and a rout anonymous
stele in The Independent, “The Church T Am Looking For.”
evoked mach discussion, ‘Tho writer had looked for a vineyard
in; instead they had set him to building fencos, He was
mg advocate in the peace movemont, a leader in the Mahone
“erences on he Negroes, Indians, and International Arbitrax
% and in each of thes feds took a lifelong and notiv interest.
Yue Toward University (colored) which granted him a degreo
“{sbetor of divinity in 1897, He was a frequent editorial com.

‘utor to magazines, notably The Outlook and The Independent,

64 Patsox Assooratios of New Yorx.

hie writings showing both a constructive earnestness and an ininii
table humor. This last yoar he prepared a eories of articles fs
‘The Outlook on the temperance movement and boeame a for
dable & £ tho Tiquor guestien.
readiness 19

mastery of routine responsibilities was lustrated ia the winter of
1907-8, when he acted ab executive sceretary of the Russian
Famine Relief Committee, which eolloted over 850,000 iu ths

‘the appronehableness and
“You need snot be afraid to
was his answer to

ineffable sympa
iste an
letter from en anknow

bp svviting upon this sabject,
questioner

he took the ear

ested in having: something: done.”
stones to the m we

one of them mudged a playte
street. “There hi
introdneed
prevent <ympo:

of opposition vr atack, wor the a

loa

goes,” he overheard, “th

Jnnsetts regi the days of the
, he stamped ont th

into a stoxe thoy were about t0 Jo

of the famous “be

Adantic coast a

tion was dels

posted to the
nocted the
with his owa bands —the only on

2 which And been ent off
to roach New York i
for pees

4 member of the Hani
became a member and dixector
York. He li the piano
was practicing two bo
composed the words and mnt the harmony
fan organ prelude, the lively musie of such Zaneies as “The Faby
Queen” and “The Beacon Strect Tramp, a Panethniephiler

and Haydn Soviety
4 the Orntorio Society fn Ser
A at the time of bis J

George

Suxrerounra Axxvan Reronr, 6s,
Gropometrie Play,” which he wrote and took part in with much
siety. He apoke French, German and Modern Greok, read
Datel and Tialian, aud was learning South Ane
an trip. The addre a Hu
vvian was a Budapest Prison Congress,
hich Inia eloseet hold
of leisure aud which artistic sequence in
Mabel Hay Barrows Mu
Mr. Barrows spent a year

Spanish for his
of the Ameriean eam
atnre of the great

= the life and eulture of the G
pon is hom:

Dorpfeld, the famous German a
when he dug up the Honserie eity
The Tsles and Shrines of Grocee.” Homer was his heart's love,
ond at his simmer home on Lake Memplireinagog in lower Quebee,
‘he first to hours after sunrise wore given over to reading the
tew meaning of @ student of peoples into the ancient lines. Tt
was there in this eamp started by the Shaybu
fad called themselves sehen they frat explored the region thirty-
three years before, at Codar Lodge, and Cabin June, and Birche
lay, that the marvellous family 1 his Ameriosn honsehold
‘i at express , Soward. Agassiz, Phillips,
Brooks, Dixpfeld, Custer — those were variows men to mark @
life intimately, and they but ttand for a lmndred other mon
of world-fame who counted him as their friend; but here about
fires—sud this is of greater meaning —“ Uncle
June” and “Aunt Isabel been in a very real sense foster
vents 10. company of childzen of the world, kuowing no race,
Here was an every-day embod
veal aytapathey, g ‘which marked
ching— which made fraternalism
nd made the nnerowned decent
a harmony and a social foree, Here
1d in a full-Mooded sense with the ancient
ks, with the famine-lean peasants of the Volga provinces, with
prisoner of the mennest jail, with the magsters of musie and art
‘ul government, with the God of the mountain peaks of bis north-
Nor time nor space nor deep vor high” could keep
iis own away from him,

haologist, and was with bim
{ Troy. He was the author of

ss, a8 the Barrows

reed, oF color as not of kin,

sox Assoctation oy New York.

18 CRIME INCREASING?

The belief pre
States is increasing.
growth of the pop This bel
in books, in reports of bouevolent societies, in pesiodienl literature,

cuatinnally Tistew
plete

from legislative asecnblics and in daily emivoreation, Nesey

most universally, that exime in the United
inorensing fay more rapidly tha the

fina conatant expression

in the issues of the newspaper poss; 6
ing to proclamations of it from the polpity from th
every appeal in Wehilf of any quntel oe social reform ie fortitiel
by the statement that crime is increasing; and this statemot
goos tnchallengrd, whatever exeeption may be taken to other arg
ments urged.

These allegotions about the ineresse of erime are often male
in a somowbat perfunctory manner, as if tho fact wero motels
an wfortun a wwithont any proper

is the one fats
fio ations anid the efvitization

is really: huereasin:
Life can be so alarmin veans that the process of ntti
Hisintegration fs progressing; @ process which, unless arreste
Inst inevitably end in deatly

Tf, on the other hand,
the popnilar prevalence of belief to the contra:
inealelable harm, ‘The ive
money in phileuthropie and charitable and religions enterp

no other possible symptom ia ong sativa

(i have become ext world, If exine

crime is not really increasing, thea
5s productive af
ce expenditures of energy and of
to be init 1 rer
ke the world better is enevrated or part
lyzed, and a spirit of dempaiving pessimism makes the contest
against crime appear a hopeless one,
It is, therefore, difionlt to propound a topic bearing a deeret
and more practical importanee than the question — Is Crizve To

Suery-vourri Axxuat Reporr, or

In most of the utterance on ‘this subject, the inercase of

crime ie aevumed to be a fact 60 universelly admitted as to render

it superfluous to adduce any evidenee in its support, But wl
cer the attempt is made to fortify the statement by proof, appeal
is always hed to the statistics of evime. Even then, it is generally
‘krued sufieient to allege that “statisties show that exime is

without entering pon any particular anslysis of
jou, Indeed, it ix quite obvions that if the inerenge of eriane is
ave tho only srareo from whieh positive

If the statistics fail to

to be proved, stall
and cotiehusive evidence ean be sou
nu etch evidence, then the qu

au open one — a question to be de
wn probable evidence, by tho weighing of countless facts and
ting, some to ene corclusion and
Et Neomes tho first duey, then,
0 ingnire whetlor the statisties of erime yield any answer to the

suasleneies and inferences

sone to the oppnsite conclusion,

jon ani, if ao, what answer:
official statisties of erime are necesearily confined to those
They are of threo classos,
cating to arrests, convictions aid insprisouments, They aim to
tations of the following persons: (1)
lenses of which they are acensed, (2)
use eonvieted or acquitted, and of what offense, and (8) these
iuprisoned, for what erime zl for what term.
hist a knowledge of
{he total nusnbor of azrosts malo would farnish some criterion of
the yolume of erinies dor every arrest, it has been asserted, repre-
sonis a mown to have been committed, whether the person
"his position, however,

that coms bofore the court

First, as to arzosta, it has been claiwe

nested is the one guilty o€ it or not

ip entirely erroneous, When the commission of a
Iwomght to the knowledge of the publie aw

vhotecer is made in some eases, either because the guil

a cseared md earmot be caught, oF been no gvoand

# sspioion against any particular person suiiciently well

led to warrant his arrest. Th roost eates, however, several

4s are made, of parsons snepecied of having committed the

ve or of being confederates or of having guilty knowledge

i Further investigation and changed detective theo-

6s Paisox Assocration or New You.

ss may load to a now set of arvesta, and ao it may happen that
five, ton, or twouty persons may aiderga arcest for @ single

known crime, aud set none of then Se proved guilty,

every. tlie ov

Secondly, statiaties

that one person on
sand i€ becomes appa
suly forms no meamie af

+ sbsolntely no Tight wher

the mnuher of persons actually eon

vieted of crime vwonld have a

possess no general staticties vel

statistic

the mnuber

throws no Hight on ths

any other yonr with whi
The ouly gone!

are those eoutained

the exception sta

ceation of prisoners rider comftiemen certal

these (
days ¢

ing, however, persons avvaiting those detainet

nestot, who ane not of o
convicted 7
IE we

persons actually

year, if would be possible to gain

‘of such contietic

se then eouvietad of erime

for erime froin y
Knowledge whether the
increasing ov diminishin

slatistios of the United Statsa afford no consineing evidene

this question,

‘The poptlation of a prison is constantly varying

Sixre-vourrn AxwuaL Rupour, 69

it depends not so much on the number of annual convietions as

yon the duration of the sentences, These sentences vary in

length from a fow days to twenty years end uptvard ; a very com
siderable number of thet ave sentonces for life. Tt fellows 2

a large draction of the prison population 58 compor

who aze old residents representing convictions had many eara

On the ofhicr lund, the short term prisoners are constantly

1 going, in irseglar anaphers. The differeroe in the

seuteucos is inSnitely variable and, with the expira-

the population of the prison it reduced,

1 by each now enmmitment. Tt may occur

tug an unusual member of sentences, though prohouieed years

apart im the past, hap > eoenr in expiring the same

month, Jarecly re ie papnlation on the last day of thet,

mouth, By s lke contiaemey, flow sentences may bapnien to

expire in a given month, while the mmmber of new commitments

prove unnsually Inter, thne swelling the population at the

of such month, From these ue population of

mis continually. and
ruth and oven day to day

ation throughout the yeas, we

with another. But the comparison of one day,

with mother day ten years Inter ean yield no sesult of much
value for any purpore.

The number of convictions may be the eamo for several suc-
ccesive yenrs, and yet the pris lation meg either inerease
or dcezense during those years. Tf the new convictions are for
short terme, they may be snore tke counterbalanced! by the
epiration of old eentences and the prison population will dimin-

convictions are £ terms, the prison popu

Froon some to postr, To illustrate by a concrete

which reecives all the felon eonviets from,

sad suppose that 100 prs ave convicted every

it district of felonies the punishment for whieh is

nor move th fve years;

of lenient temper, sentence all

ci puprisonment. The population of

om at the end of the firet year will be 100; at the end of

0 Puisox Association or New Your.

the second year, all of the 100 who were sentenced the first yen
Will have been discharged, and the pricon will still eontaiu the 100
prisoners who were sentenced duriag the socond yea

ou, at the end af evi

numbering exactly 100, ‘There x 1cither inevease nor deerense.
Suppose now, tat the term of the seutenoes is increased
one year

of sterner temperament or lecause the erinies

the mnmbeor

on popalstion rua

the full term of five yeu

eirenmstances cemaniling 9 severer punishment

result. At the end of 1 yen, the prison will e«
priconers; at the end of the saeond Yea? i will contain
100 prisuners convicted! duving the
convicted during the ceoond year, making tbe tora papmlatin

200, At the end of the thivd Senr, it will eontaty the 200 pris

fers convieted duving the But 6 od years and 160 additional
soners eonvicte hird your, Tins for Sve 4

cessive years the pri

100 per rent. on

all chet time the

constant without ei

se or diminnti
hypothetical case comkd never

may eer usta

exist oid whieh renler

st followin
which wore inelwted
For that reason, i isan

1904 with loccmutine with aeeuraey whet
pereentags : ho total ‘poprlation was grea
19OL than it was in 189 te Coustis Burean, by 9 appr

oneludes that this p

SiO. The only exaet eormpavie
possible is hetwecen the census of 1850 and 1890, both h
‘vere taken ainder the same classification of prisons and of pri

Suxr-rourme Axnuar Revors. nm

Let us thon compare the eousus of 1890 with that of 1880.
The resnlt may be stated in a word; the census of 1800 shows
million of the total
pomlation of the eountry than there were ten years before; that
is. the incense in the tumber of prisoners waa less than fifteen
thonsnnriths (15/000) of one per cent. of the population, In a
showienl analysis, this fraction might well be ealled a “trace.”

tit there wore 146 more prisoners for ov

Liye it constizntes the only statistienl fomdation for the popular
that erime is ineveasing, This slight variation between the
sts and the other may well be accounted for by those con

silerations already advanced showing thet an increase in prison

nay be oxring to other eovses thay sn inereaso in the
convictions, The one fact does not necessarily involve

Weiving these considerations, however, snd granting the
, what is the

oe eonelusion that can be drawn from it? “Manifestly this
tliat for every million of the population 148 more persons
stood convicted! of eviune in 1890 than in 1880— that ten years

ta the inguiry with whieh wo are on
whether he iaumber of canvietions for
whether the uumber of eviminals and of evimes committed is
inereasing.
Tt ie sary to repeat that all official statistics relate to
woe cases of cxime that are 1 seted upon by the
bic: authorities
that go undetected and wnpunishod, coustitute but 2 fraction, and

‘These eases, when compared with the erimes

doubtless a very minor fraction, of the total volume of crime,
large Uody of habitual oriminals,
> ave lending a life of erie; this

Phere is in the country a
nt of prison andl at la

nis thet they are eontiamally committing erimes, as a business
nnd means of Tivelihood. Howe ammerons this class is, thero is
f eourse mo means of accurately determining. Estimates made
vstadents of the subject vary considerably. Mx, Hemy M.
Boies, author of the “Science of Ponology,” estimates that there
sce ten times as many criminals at largo as there are confined

co) Passo Assoorstion oF Nuw Youx.

under sentences five times, i the lowest estimate that has eva
under my notice, Tt is vensonsbly certain thet the total numbee
larger, several Himes over,
It is obvions the nave Bhely
Aetected aud) caught than #

nay eal to deteeti
often the ence tliat wary a

depredations pea the p a tie
mittiug hyodea’s of evimes. before Neanosis
Theve are doubtless wnumberel instances where er
nally practicod diving a liferine std

The conditions of mover ifs

favor concealment. A man co

miles asvay
he may pla tide of poop
exowded thorenglifare, like Brondsray, atid become as effectually
hidden from n pursuer as if he wore in the heart of the not!
woos

Bosides the numerous eases of erime the perpetrators
which are never diseavered, there are many’ eximes that ave neve
disclosed or Wrought to the attention of tho public anthovitio
The vietims, setnaged by varions motives, choose to enifer their

Dhue anes fear that their esmmereial ered

a Inown thet they have

eeutars, or they may disty
of the offender or of his

repentant or because he hns an i
kim. ‘Thou thore are the may eases whe i.

occurs through defective evidenee or porjured testimony or techs
nical Rawe of criminal procedure,

Sixrv-povrre Axnvat Report. 13

Considerations Like these, which might he Targely amplified,

tend to the conclusion that possibly not one crime in a hundred re
s in the convietion and imprisonment of the wrongdoer,

‘mass of crime that buedens the people is eommittod by

iu any official sta

tistics of crime. Tt is utterly futile to senrel the census enumer-
of prisoners for any eviterion, or even for any Tight, to aid

ating either the volume of erimne or the number of eri:

‘The census statistics of erime are valuable for one purpes

the efficiency of the gavermment in
show the nnmber of persons who
ox, for the time boing ated from the body of active erim-
ingle and rondoved bu ‘The eximinal class is

thoy afford some meas

the repression of erime,

who are in prison —
Section B, those who are ont of prison, These sections are im
neh other, Tf one section ig inereased, the other
smisiaod, Ts it not evident that every eriminat
«l iunprisoned not only increases the

divided into two

large? The true sim of our whole <gstom of eriminal law is to
anther into the prisens all awho commit crime, leaving at lange
minke Secti aor the whole of

nim should ever be fulfilled, then

and then only wonld the consus rots register the mumber of
Jminsls and afford a measure of the increase or decrease of

nt, as the facts now are, the ceusas rotnens indicate only

how far this aim las heon accomplished gud to what extent the
proness of absorption of the exiuninal class inte the prizons haa
Ion camried. An increased prison popnaltion may be owing to
incteased energy: and efficiener in the enforeentent of the criminal

f n and alarm,

Jaw and, instend of furnishing ground of apprehens
~ evidenes of advance maile in the mopression of evime,
The fact that thore are more eriminals out of prison than in

Prison has not been overlooked by the statisticians, Oue of che

biest of these, Mx, Roland P. Falknes, in a very exhaustive

fd conchusive sxticle, published in the Annals of tho American

ie Prisow Assoc:

jonee, ns demoueteated that
mens fuetish 10 growls for

Academy of Political and Social
the returue of the Tnited States
the qe

decid
of the opi

taking the sisi 0

assumed that the number of etses
Tao anoistains amore or Yes
ot the la

nat he nae

which is alin to many which
f statistic

tet, the possibility of ct
aided by Mx, Falkner is thst
canbe of niont® ust

corresponding
h hat 35

1 evlmes;
ike yatie of the aun
there is an in Uke ¥
‘This aseumpti

e preempt a
prvamnptic ae
shan an increase of erie it often results foun changes in the

thon gn inerease of erime

fon zee iim of se "or

gees a Sina deo

Sixry-rocern Axxuat Reronr, %
‘mont of the Iay. ‘The assumption that an inevease in the enmber

of convictions inudieates an inercssed volume of ovine, if it has

sry basis at all in fact, must be received with the utmost eaution
sl reserve,
of souls off the northwestern coast

was the

When the anual eaprare
vf the continent smouuted to hindeeds of thousands,
ppsition ever in the yoasly eatel
indicated @ corresponding ineroare in the herds, becanse there
ed ratio Letwcorn the number of seals killed and the
(On the contrary, all the world knew that the seals

taken that the large Inez

being exterminated, A few years ago,
inate slaughter, the stoele

ol with ostinction phe

lewe were enacted and sigidlly enforced, with the resale that the

Filling of deer kas heen very geeatly westnicted, TE we are bonnd
to asume that the umber ef deor taken mointains a more or Tess
consistent relation to the total number of decx, it would follow
thst the atoek of deer turing all

the pesiod of wnsest (Cit is now slowly dwind-

was iexeasing and anultiplyin
nod killivg aud 1

cmption appears im the fact
ivan t0 every resident amd visitor in the Adirondacks, that the
umber within the past few years that

ling away. The sbsnedity of the

leer have #0 inevensed 30

the farmere are beginning to flud them
tiie farm lands, What is true of

nn of eriminals; the move eaught th

Tf the considerations nuanced thoy in

> eriminual statisties yield,

the question whether

fate only 9

wesle and of deer is not lees
fewer remain uncaught
hos far are coun

le some important

jm the vast voluuue of eriuie which over remains un
Tt ane

not bo forgotten, moreover
of the agencies Inborin

al, phitan-

that axe warring against erisae with

ean wield. Tt may happen,

ing the cosiat envi

yy be diminishing without

niche

jm There are many indluenees,
ter poteney than the tay

“2 the action of snch inf

lenea of the fact appearing in eviminal statisties,

7 Paisox Assooistion or New Your,
‘The answer to the question whether erime is increasing or do

creasing can never be

evidence. The problem involves too many: unknown and secret

len

iasportane

seq. on mathematieal or demonstrative

the eavefil
probable
inl ment
of the ingsiver imtist, who nd ¢om

guine
and not geowing
i Tide lend a devoptive ester

the vapid

fn the mechoile of

habits of lik hebitante of cities into elmer
contact — the yee n yin trolley eee,
eleetrie Tights, the telegraph all these changes

emand lagal aafeenards against possible abmse, Thus i€ is that

Suerv-roumrn Assxrat Rewont, ca

within the past twenty years there has been @ vast growth ia the
inal law by the enactment of 1s and state and
saber of acts prohibited

by law. Most af those probibited acts are misdemeanors, the

federal statutes great

commission of which proceods from careless disregard of the
rights of oilers, from gread or passion or Mtemper, rather than
fim a really exin rpose. Thut misdemennors are legally
classed ae were moisdemeanants swell the sunsber of

nominal ¢

prova : It ie within the post
Frond. poses the sated as 2 leading staple
of news if tolegvaph and telophone Hines has
and instantaneous

cengerly gathered from

very quaster detailed ace ecoumitted, ‘These
(in the daily newspaper and embracing, ae

pretent a most formid-

the whole comm

Some newspapers, of the lowest
fom among the mistes, give svel

their eviminal reports that +

ndiseriminaring reser might he led to infer shat erime is the
leading iurerest aud indverry of the comntyy, But all, oven ine
lerable portion of
of erin: li god in dafente

epattalie, newspapers davon

pablicat of rime by malig:

foneealinent more ont fifluenco; aud
at nescspaper enterD) o authavities in detecting

ime ad Sa “ 9 seqnire eonvietions,
On the other hand i must he admitted that there are had
They exert an ineit'ng

‘ennnt effect on tbe eximinal

ite Rowing fem these ubliestion:
inetyaetive, eather thaw ad
elisa andl ary dautalose istuentind im projeing what are known ae
ceeatioatl * epidunics” of some particular form of erime. Publi-

ion of minute details, accompanying the commission of « crime,

cts by way of erimizal suggestion and tends largely to instigate

18 Pusox Asgootarios o» Naw Yous.

further crimes. The profuse chrouicling of cris also anuvey to
the public mind a familiavity with exime and au esaggerated (ea
of ite provileuce which ave distinetly demoralizin

well 95 mis

The pultie is apt to forget that he a the
leading, cober, honest aud indust
always ax exceptional an

foul Une ehine 3
Jofaleation
nnpeat thon

heralded with flange hs

nods of (rate Loncetly ietored that
for every hysee plmislesed by re ave mupriade af homes
where life and here no invades has ever
ieredal paper

Je estininte bona yrngtess, dhe emmiporisun oF two

fo tha. successive sonevations gives to close

n back 10 the hopitnvig of the presewt eva wher
four angestors were in the eof havhariem, Thon
gman lite was valued lighily. property was inscen
unbridled) peseton snd the

rime was well nigh uuiven
this Tow!
certain that our cris

gpuletion. Fer trace
Lend is dosted all owey swith hospital
homies, sebools and churches; there
fand benevolent ageneies ever ready
the weak and tempted and to Tift up
faasert that necessity drives him
Our whole sovisl exeivonment and
‘ico and crime and

Sven thean to aver where they ean he pra
tied only by Never before iu the history of the world
and property and all legal rights been more securely
ifieals to trae the sonree of this vast and benesicert

Tt is the leaven of Christianity that bas pervade’

and vitalized all this moral ovolution, ‘The teachings of the

Sisty-voumrn Axyear Ravoar 70

tmoulded that healthy public opinion which believes in

which condemns vice and every immorality, which

is the shcet-anchor of the Taw. The spivit of the age, charged
with ideas and sentiments Qh

r nh

from Clristimity and even reject its duetrines, LE the claim here

made, that the Christian vel ‘ye source and the stp

of Inve and order, seem exaggerated, in what wow

Task, are life atul property secure and individ

as they are among Christian uations of the

Ta the last anslysis, the question of the increase of erime is a
question of the supremmey of Christianity. If the Christian
religion decline sud its force wowken, erime will inevitably: im
crease: if the principles and the spicit of Christianity gain added
power in the Tifo of the nation, erime will as surcly deereser.

A Christian faith which looks forward with eoufidence to the
ultimate triumph of Christianity ean haxdly fail (0 expect a pron

gressive decline of erime and in the far future its final extinetion

THE AFTER CARE OF INMATES OF PRISONS AND
REFORMATORTE!

By Hewny Exsworra Gnscony.

[Read at the National Conference of Charities and Correction,
at Richmond, Virginia, May 1

Srere-vounnit Axnuan Revon

THE AFTER CARE OF INMATES OF PRISONS
AND REFORMATORIES,

‘Organized socicly hus lect “lower than it should have beon to
Content with presevibing
insimal aves, i, 5
tan who stouls the property 1
person of 1 the sphere of ftee activity;
Inu iu fe strweture for a ton of years. But with
the teat ns separated and restrained st has cou
cemed itself but Jtte, 10 its own cost and detriment
You may wmove yore offeuder and ineaevorate him Sor a sem
sons but if he emerg to sucioty, with his evil
tne waiimpoe ‘loud, embittered, oxmperated, better
ted with exiusinal derives aind wuethod: 1 more than
annd malevolent ¢ ho
ther affevders, becoine an adept
fm euming and evafty eviininality, with » desperate determina
tion ta avenge bis il-tveatment npou society — if he retnms in
this condition, seeiecy kus wwaonged him and prnished itself.
Pucows ov Pusrausese
Upon the theory of retributive justice that punislment should
inflicted mainly as a pevelty, or by way of expiat
ment of couviels in prison may be hersh, wnintelligent,
ithowt exiting eexious opposition or protest, But if
impricomment be yegarded a3 prnishment inilieted primastly for
protection of society, the prevention of erime, and the refor-
mation of the criminal, then the treatment of prisouers should be
very different; it should be Inumene, edneation
‘While tho theory that retaliation or expiation should be regarded
ts the purpose of the State in the imprisonment of evimingl is no
longer accepted by most peuologists, one of the objects of pronish-
ment, according to Mz. dustiee Holines, of the Supreme Conrt of
the United Seaces, ie “to gratify the desire for vengeance. The

prisoner pays with his body.”

A Gyitem whisk allows the veien of a ellaal ta the community wx
tang, prpose, det mucl los than shld he dane forthe protein oF
society "WEB. Sputding onthe Tadelormiuste Sentences

st Prrsox Associtiox or New You,
“Tho statement may be mad
not only that the

stronger still, and it wuny be aa
s, bat that i: onght to. 9

Butlee and Teves

imino tow atands to the pasion of scrounge fu mrues the saan
to the sexual appetite, -
The fa ege from Plato on this subject way
inappropriate here: For if you vil tu, Sven
which pnistenent has ot evil door, sou

olution as snare

I see at once tht in

the opinion of mankind «i X aeynived; for no one 9

fsies the evil doer under the untion, ov &

he vexson, that he
done wrong — visly the wuseasen

ey of a Denst ats in tha
rations pemiskaneat ees ny
that achich i¢ dono eamnot be au

vas. Bat he who desis tia
who is yur Whe see hin

shod aay Be deéerned
from dain: And

of being taught as lie wudoabtedly punishes for the sake. of
prevention,

Conga i somtimes hen that the po
‘the punichinents offenses ithout
bis porecoiitg, his roca
dacenpmest, oF Taek of devel

2 preteite
Ms papelologien
> maintained that

a und
aetnally i: ae

Wie good.” Tt is possible

‘dor diveretion may be granted to judges

Bea Sihaectaal Congres, p68

Srervrovaric Asxvat, Ruvour, 85

and magistrates, and persons acensod or convicted of erime be
regarded simply a: vietims of disease, ud thet, before passing
entenee, jndgcs will noquite esninatian of th aeeused hy exports
in ordor inlclligeutly to determine the

gece of theiv guilt, or
whether they ste mi fa fact innocent
As snpplementiny or remedial legisbition, ponologists ate pn
generally ngewe in recoinmending an extension of the probation
‘or yonthinl offeuleye, sie» ulleient wnmber of properly
wider applivation of the principle
y operation of conditions) liber
ation and the
Ibis a lachrymote sentimentalisin,
an anheadthy pec #8 at all times to be
avoided. Not sever 1 sentimentalism for the prisoner, said
a vell-uown authority, but sefenee

Tie Crustsar Crass
It is a commonplace (o say thot to intemperate and otherwise
anit parents aid 19 4 manmionized society larwentably iguerant
or wilfully sea! f ies, is largely due the
esistenoe of the 1
“Whether a is prompted by hereditary in
Sucrce 0 alder inyralee, wo ean scarcely
conpeive a eae she individual alone is resp
There
ial es
the etiminal Taw om
attainment of ealth selfs parp me
the supreme inotive ja fife, 9 Img with speioty jrecont the
Icing contrasts that exist w-fay, and eximinole appear in high
pectatie citizen
cumstances, fo enter burglarion
a cheek, or pick a packet, won!
suienee, take advantage of hie ueighbor in some questionable bust-
vets transaction, or be « party 10 the improper manipulation af

86 Punsox Associniny ov New Yon

corporate ful or ek of arnt gctnry prt tn hin ane
of ga moeent and jemarout stockkolders
There i pr ion presse or

acer re Url vial a this eountey

who, hy pastemenal
jprovout’archleuiv afi eh proathinw of ie

foxy. signals

ase prisoners is closely
went pou fhe treatin of eonviets in prison
00) the dient
suv prisoners

the seb

De ant wm

Firs
tocenusoet seit haittal oF ee
im detention yr
deine aud comity: faite) beemme ae
plinses mid regions oF erinvinality itkerd nen
from the sarrations of exp 2

beevmen insted ih
of criminals, aia

An es-priconer told the writer thet the enermpt
audalenicies and grafting : a eee
ended te mialee-jnteiets, teeard lator
Fleve reference snag Ii

ew af avleqnate
training for gnards, keepers a

iatence upon fisne sarily snd indispensably necessary.

Suxncrourne Assear Rivomn,

Inpvssaist Trarsise,
One dificulty in dealing with oxpricouors is of eourse their
inability of wurwillinaness tv wor stendily. “Many exprisoners
ee anable 1» work berate Tliey have wover been aecustonned to a

fe of steady atwl continue seenpation.”
i prison or reformatory, the
and the disefpline of prison
ul ile existe, has acct
leveloped! in hit the capacity
sins, the peokfean for the Die

mick Joss dient

vide satisfactory
For one reagon oF
prisences re ole in idleness,
The ehays deanavids wet enough of their time. Tittle
systematic: indvteial testving Tied. Dendgery: there iy
ve comtse — thee noressayy ad tnexidable daily: drmlgory — bat

Ghis fe not the srt of Taloor thi tla prisoner printarity require
tk

“Phe lous eee quis os the ells tend to cowiees tlle its
Aivation ta vigtvats exertion, Compnk

aud strengthen the dis
ony Tahir, ellunt jrenttiary or atber reward, does not stimelots
the dronping eparit a iid tacks volnntaeily wdertaken,

with the anee e reanmerntion
Tt mins he 6 ver th bocomes almost
i todo ae a reliot
Vite, From

nendurable, and
rom the inleralie tr
wistneg with its gloomy

he dreary: aval depressing harronte

Fnminations nad rocolloeriney 0 task requiring ammarmtar exertion
cmd come mental effort, is» desired variation, and a weleome
essing

‘To dispel ignorance, to supply the defeets of eduestion and
comroet the fanits of character, shox be the parpose of prisons
sareilized communities. To this end, howe excoudingly im
portant avo physien! extreise, instruction in the fundamentals, an
Mppeopriste gradiig ant marking spaten a systematic industrial
cening! Many adult prisoners are but chiKiren i ntelletnal
cvelopment, ‘Their minds no doubt are tas inprosstonable than

those of average ehildven, but they are quite capable of acquiring

Morrison, Juvenile Offnders.

8s Puro Assocrasion of Naw Yous,

knowledge. And shen to the training of the achools and the
shops a coutae in ethics is aulded, and thie ia snpple
sympathetic inetywetion jy the esseitiol inn
of the commits
"Te mst neve
far too many ease
lejous and nnscntl 3
Iation,
100 often
walls
In other : a far ns i€ to
sults in preventing: the expwisoner from relumiug to a Tifa of
‘The advantages of those discharged from a reformatory

vided! Thefr detention has been =:

lepiemtary mestal o2

ndreds ig dowbled.#
nn prisowcr iy a State prisom, as a mule, emerget
vn foulammental trath that, other things being eqel,
line beets a courier is at a disadvantage in sconring
JE a man door not raise his judustsial geade

mun, le will fd hianeelf om his velease worse off

1 le a goncral agreement with the opinion that
1 if emplogment coma be pracnred in advance of the
ation; mnd that hoop wlan soe (0 qesst him im this
sme acquainted with him im prison, in order to
bie disposition, capabilities and nec

"Bimire ayore for

Sexrv-rourrit Axwvst Rupert, 9

In afteracqnired acquaintance, it has been said, i is dificult
gain the confidence of the prisoner, ar to acquire such an in
fuonce over him as to deter lint ftom wrongloing.

Iv is interesting to bo informed that fone out of five Bhnira
men seem to bo atly reformed and only 4 per eent
ftvally rete to

Te is gratifying to he alle to report that in November, 1908, a
fit, comprehineive and adeqnate cehool apstem” wes established
in the prisons of the State of New Yovke and that the prisoners
attond school «ne liowr and a halt every day except Sundays and
iolidays,

Te may hero le said likewise that the New York Superinten
dent of Prisons dfeapproces of grating an absolute release to «
isomer at the ei) of a definite vontonco, Ie thinks “there
hon he a period af limited freedom, semiclependence and par

rostyaint between the prison and absolute Hbetty."§

‘The prisoucr slow he prepared foe 9 conditional Liberation,
nnd to face the difieutty af adjusting himself to new conditions,
vf establishing himeelf in lo, or industrial oveupation.

Pun Roinissen Passoxe,

Tt is natural for the prisoner to look forward tu the day of
fresilom with pleasne, and even elation. TE he has a family and
fsiends to turn to and employment, there i @ sub-
antial be nt what of him, who bas
either family ner 12 joy af Being free must so0
Ww followed and defection. Homeless, work

jis condition is indeed sevlons,
in the igh
free, nparresded’ Sr ex
ove, tht $2, eontvlle ow directed by imimoral,
hy bis innate animaliom a leney 0
lisabediece ad lnvlessess,

The problem is, how to make the exprismer really tree, to
comert his velleitics into volitions, to davelop the resisting and
propelling power of hig will in the pursnit of what is socially
novmial and morally xight. ‘The Zoseinations and allurements of

00 Prisox Assoctation ov New Yous,
a criminal career must be dispalied, end the satisfactions and re
wards of a esreer of steady industry itenteated
‘Here no doubt is an opportiuity for personal iulluewee of the
strong, firm, yet sympathetic sort, The
true nan, of sympathetic woman
nevded by many exp rae of 1h
favored have Meeome weet aud Ieonest ane
During the fret week= after Tiboration, th
= perkaye iv
ve, and di
inclined to vigorou: 1» ene oy other at

of eniventinnal hiss Tittle

the deparin
stimulns to set him t work, Linlle of uo encouragement to keep
hima ney at I tasks; 219 pleasant home
to weleome and emeole bins. is some vivifyi
force to dispel his Ian} meray favo him.
Discharged risers ov Henderson has said, are not
0 resentful
“Perhaps the

not violative nor emmy
Hereditary sreakne

erieainals is

low vitality
we effects of is

power to resale a

to porsist iu a corse of acti

I in tas Too anid, the

a desize to amend; but they ave iv
‘This, at any rate, ie true o!

Tr may be true 50. por cont. of

prisoners Jeave pris
capable of effvetuating th
Heice th
xh ver
here is no very great difference betwee
Prisoners come from all

Tt bus been said th
those i and may ontside,
ranks of sucicty; some are educated ard refined, of good parentose,
‘aitbongh thie of course earmot be said of

ne that there ar many por

example, whe bave vt

Decoine obnoxious fa Tay, who nervetholess 108!
attention —yonng men without home influence, detached #0!
errant young men, who on account of defective heredity, we

TER Wendersony Nolen Brionn Systems, Washington, 1008

Stxry-rovar Axxval Ruvorr, on

fortunate training, or lack of training, and osnsequently weak
chavactor, are headed for the refcrmatory or State prison,

Prophylaxis is of the highest importance, and if this class
vand in somne way: be looked efter and ho Kept straight, the num-
wr of candidates for penal institutions wonld diminish,

‘There axe may uneonvieted snd onimprisoned persons oho,
necortheless, need very much the same freatment as ex-eonviets,
Upon leaving prison (iar Now York) the eoniet veeeives a suit
thos, ten dollars and tho cost of transportation to the place
The ten
there are
discharged prisoners, who Ture them

is hone he came, his former eity, town oF v
Tavs are quite likely to be sco parted froin hit,
weeeed in one Way ov another in getting posses
f cousse, prisoners before liberation should
sinst euch infuenees and should be persvaded
attractions of the eiloon and recolutely abetwin from
Jeolinie dvinnks; especially is this important to those whe
sine whally or paetly throngh addit
the essprizoner to heve ar Teng
is ke to do? He hus learued iit prison that there is
chee organization thet mekes it ite
Innsiness to assist exeprisoners, Tt js quite probable, however, that
hile in prison he has been prejudiced ngninst one or all of these
sganizations from bearing shoot them from other prisoners,

tion, soviety or

Many ex-prisoners rofnse to go to the Prison Association iu New
York, They object te te supervision to which they wnst

to the regulations i

gation to report weekly or monthly. The oxprisoners recognize
‘he fact that thoy are really on probation, nnd this, to many, is
Ti, howerer, one

provided with meals, and with eloth:

to the work requived and to the obli-

-Ujectionable ‘ks the Prison Association Zo
stance, he

ig if nosessary ; some tusk is assigned to him by way of test and
clfort made ly euployment for him, Reference

nay bo made to the diffealty of securing permanent employment

for ex:paisonces, dae to the zehie

the servioes of ex-conviets; and to the objeetion of many laboring

orkers with themselves

nto tolerate exeonvicts

‘he plhee of their Former:
are manele tated

Prusox Asiocratiox or New Yors,

hete are uot alsrays insuperable diftenlties; and there are
employers who ave ever ready to help a truly repenta!
and to give him @ chance to show that his reformation #8 gonnine
and permanent

It is, no dobr, tne that ¢
tention end that the treatment should be adapted

exptisoner requives personal at

the ine his, however, demands an
a

a wt always be expected from the offers af sa
individnal trestment 5 the best

ean be provided gradations of treatinent for

exprisoners: (1) for vefovmatory graduates, prisouers

who bave served but one t

termers, ov hab ‘onal eins

however, thet no prospect of

except throng ¢

agents and oficials eonld give buat

showing the woakwoes a

influences af Prison Associat

Lt should always bo kept iu wud shat the object of prison aso
Giations is to achebitate the fortwer pri
and to p

cent reeidivienn

against the exzenston of

EnGration de mals gu effrnient part
Whetlucr the State liy paid agents and offical

supervision over exprisoners ar wud

formed iy associations soul individuwls is aq

haps not fally answered aul sete, Should she

asked, intervene aud esereize control

IE the moval reformation of the es-pvisency

view, the interfereneo of Uke State is the management of prisoners

Aid associat regarded as prope rable,
While the px ny sometinves setist exprisoners, police ent

veillanes is, sapproved by French writers, 08 te

"Report of Seventh Tnternatione! Privon Congress, po 216

xry-rountn AsxcaL REPoer. 98

ing to make it dificult or impossible for the ex-pritoners to socure
employment, and henee to engender discouragement, despair and
xecidiviam,

Suorr Tea Mex,

‘The army of discharged prisouore is unnecessarily enlarged by
those committed for short terms to jails and penitentiaries for the
Jess serious offenses, such at intoyication, vagraney and various
mn fallback

anid ave yeturued to the jail or peni-

smiean on baing released, they

tentiary for another short torm, This proceduze continues for
indefinite poviods, ‘These eboet team prisoners eoustitute a trouble:
oame and expensive Te would be better for them and for
society if Chey contd be sent to farin colonics ov penal colonies,
such as exist iy Gemoany and Switzerland, whose they could be

silly, with the view of

ising them usoful and perhaps eflccting a permanent im

supelled to labor aud directed int

© offenders are generally vietims of the dvink habit and
+ if uot incapacitated
A correction farm, like the one mest
and a relief

‘her vices, and disiuetived to work stead
‘or productive indus
Cleveland, would probably prove of benelt t0 th
Tne Bromsise or Reromariom.

amber of prisoners, it as bees
asserted that they are deficient in moval sense, or even totally
How tar tement it is difienlt to ey,

tbe hope of reform

Concerning a considerable

ner is entisely deetitate of mo
is, of course, at evo, If, however, os i¢ most p
is only obsessed or dormant,
reformation, He has potontially, at any rate, to
ff Dante, the good or the light of she intellect, but it is comporarily
stingnished.
Reformation begins, therefore, in awakening the dormant yaoral
nse, in causing the light of the intellect to shine. Stir in the
lender the feeling of regret, repentance, remorse for his wrong:
ing; revive in him self-respect ; awalton the conseiousness of the
supreme authority, the inviolable majesty of the moral lave, the
sbrolute necessity of obedience to the eternal probibitions and the
categorical imperative, and the work of reformation hes begun.

on Pusox Association oF New Yous.

Without this perhaps revolutionary, or evolutionary’ experience
cexterual aid, persoual interest, om sient, admonition,
dustry wil

convinced of the reaeopablences aul inner
develop in bint the foenley of self-bely

f wholly a

elerral Author of the moral law, and his start pon the patloway

of reformation 1e worl Lite t favorably
auspieuted

If, in addi
or dink, or other vives, oud
all their subrle su inst
resolutely determined to follow right in scorn of consequence,
the prospect of couplete reforwation ia bright indeed

be is emancipated from the dominion of drugs
his guard agaiust tomptations in
+ forms, and his will weiuvigorsted and

Pawos Rerone.
Tam by no means without hope that prisons will eventually be
reformatory institutions in the jest ccvso; that in structure, Toes
ation, manazenient, the
tolicitude for the reformation of the erianinal population, and
indincetly fov society itself, will be adopt
eal of a bn

wveinents deuiaieded by an intelligent

These prisoners of all gra
of criminality. 9 ification, are assenbled under one x00
with the i-lg ss and ber featmres
of building 1 sficientls ex
tensive to a 7
spend & large : in, eugese

te one oF mone Ini

The men

work ov road mak
A industries, im order «
for seltsnyport after Tiberation, Provision

T anticipate the objections that ean and sell be raised to ane

such scheme of proposed prison reform, ‘The expense of maim
tenance, it may be <aid, would be too great. Perhaps it would
De Targer than at present, but the beneficial results would justif
Ht, Again, it will be asserted that the possibility of ereape
‘would be increase), especially if there were no massive prison wall

‘owonty or thirty feet high.

Srxrv-rourm Awxuar Reromt.

Ta reply, it may be ssid that if th prison wore plac in a
ocighborhon remcte tom a raiimay ot ror, the aatural bound,
prtonos fm attempting to ele, an escaping prisoner mould
Int bo able o proceed vty fay before netifetion of compe
mn deverition of hin vere eet by ‘clphono or telegraph ta
Moreover, in the model prison, there would be a Basideation
scclnied ind garded; while thove ould be vo need of uch
rid be amenable fo cine and ditucived to coape.
Ta Correct

jorcland is am instance of the rational
rectlis hitherto ba
n wlty 4 sitailar experiment
‘sith those conrieted af felonies shoud wot be tried, and with the
prospect of good reais

1-9 ane, of conver, only suggestions or ontlines of what, in

ing; and there s

the writer's opinion, @ modern prison should be.
om, Iet it be repented dhiat provention is the principal
ing —to impress upon the young the importance of simpler
val mate Fatiemal Tiving, iu eloaer toneh with nature; to check
nd toon Baek the stream of yoirig mien and gids from
tw the large eitier, to encourage wid stimulate an enlonged interest
in sgrienlinre and forestay, osonpations avd henilieratte thet take
amon ard wemnen into the apes air; to prt an end to, ar at lenst to
relieve and rednce the congestion in groat citica; to. regulate
strietle the Liquor business and abolish the saloon as at present
permitted im somo States; ht above all, to change or try to change
the entise attitnde of men toward property and iks acquisition, eo
fs to discourage the acenmnlation of monstrous fortunes by iniqui-
tous and erieninal methods, and their sion to invespone
sible and degenerate descendants; so that greed of gain and the
for property may be regarded as a species of abnormality
avoided by tersonable men; to treat with severity rather
‘with honor and distinction those whose lives are wholly spent
1 acquisition of geeat wealth hy illegal and eximinal methods
fu for selish purposes

Prisox Assocration or New Yors.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

For the twelve months ending December 81,
Balence in Mechanies Notional Bank, January 1,
1908. . i é
Received froin Rewerve Fund,

Exon.
Donations reeeived (12 months. $19,080 48
New York State Reformatories 1,500 00
Rents 958 00

Exenyprrunss.
Expenses of ageney in New Yoo
city for persons under arrest, on
probation in gare of the Associa:
lischarged eonviets and gem

88,811 35

Transferred to Reserve Fund. 2,000 00
‘Mostaage on 185 1, 15th street paid
of... 500 00

Balance on hend December 31, 1908

Sterr-nocnt# Axwras, Rezonr,

COUNTY COMMITTEES.

In order to secure proper attention to local conditions, and oo
operation with reference to the general prison system of the State,
the plan of orgenizasiow of the Prison Association of New York
pomuits the formation of a correspending and co-operating com
niitiee in cach county of the State, The pervous in the following
eounties have secopied such, positions
Broome eonnly.— Residence, Binghamton, Dr. J. G. Orton, TE.
Recher, Austin 8. Bunn, D. Tl. Carver, Dr, J. M. Farrington,
8. J, Hirchman, E. C, Tichener, Williom A. White,
idence, Portville, Hon. W. B, Merse-

Cayuga covaty—Ne , Frank W, Richardson,
Dr. Cheesernm, Prof 1. Mrs, Mary C. Beardsley,
Frederick Sefton, M.D. Tees, FE, W. Miller

Choma, Jenee, Elmira, Z TR. Brockway, Rev.
Willian T. Peary, W. © Peebles, Mrs, J. H, Pieree, Hon,
Charles TR. Peatt, Theron 17. W

Chenango eonniy.— Residince, Norwich, Nelson P, Bonny, J.

Ray, Rev. Daniel W, Dester

nfsv— Resillaiee, Plattshurg, James Bekersley, We

re comity, — Residence, Delhi, Andrew. Nicol, James
ld
Erie county.—Tesidlence, Buffalo, A. G. Shorman, George B.
Bell, C. B. Armstrong.
Essex caiisty,— Residence, Keene Centre, John Mastin, Mra,
John Martin, Horace Xye, Mrs, Lilian Wine.
Gencece county — Residence, Batavie, H. J. Burkhart
Greone county. Resistence, Greenville, Chas. P, MoOabo; resi-
Aenee, Catskill, J. Y. Olnex, Teremiah Das
ferkimer conmiy.— Residence, Herkimer, O, H. Deck, M. D.
Ieffevenn eotnty.— Residenca, Watertown, 1. ©, Knowlton
Livingston county.— Residence, Geneseo, Dr. John TE. Minos
sssidence, Dansville, Dr, Tames TT. Jackson, A. O. Bunnell.
4)

98 Puisos Ascoorarzox of New Yor,

‘Monroe county.— Residenes, Rochester, William EB, Suther-
land, Judge Arthur E, Sutherland, Quiney Van Voorhis, W. B.
aylor.
‘Montgomery
©. Caton,
Onoida comty.— , Clinton, Rev, B, P. Powell
Onondegn Syrieuse, A. B. Blodgett, J. C.
Carson, Lens E,W. Mey
Ontavia eointy.— ndaigue, De. C, T, 3tehells

~ Residence, Fonda, W. Frothingham, J

Oswego cowniz.— Residenee, Oewexo, C. H. Butler, Gilhert
Mollicon.
Lawrence counts.—Residinee, Canton, Charles Caldwell,
fh Chamberlain, Mrs, D. L, dackson, Dr. Payson, W. R.
Ogiensbnne, Robert J. Donsbus, Bi

Trateh residence,
F. Smiths residence, Hammonds
port, Mouroc Wlieler
Wyoming county. — Residence, Warsaw, 1. E. Gurney.

Sisrerovure Axsvar Rerone,

HONORARY CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Unxrrep Stare.
Alabama—R. H, Dawson, Montgomery; Miss Julia $. Tut
wiler, Livingston; Mrs. R, D. Johnston, Birmingham.
California. —Trainasd “F. Smith, Repreen, Sacramento Co.,
Calas Earl M. Wilbnr, Berkeley

Colorado, Walia F Slocum, Colorado Springs
Connestieut— Tolm C. Taylos, Hartford,

Florin Ty B, Woubwel, Tathbance
Dlinois— Pi Henderson, Rev.
Indiana — Thos. 1, Biiean, For Wayne
Kentas— ok D. MiUiken, MePherson; R. W. MeClaughry,
Fort Leavenworth,

H, H. Hart, Chicago.

Tonisiana— Clarence FP. Low, New Orleans.
Massachusetts —W. F, Spalding, Boston F. B, Sanborn, Com
ord
Michigan.— Levi L. Barbour, Detro
Miznesoin.—Semuel G. Smith, St. Paul; Austin H. Young,
inmeapelis,

Mistousi,— Thos, P, Tlaley, Kansas City.

New Jersey—E. J. Anderson, Trenton,

New York—Z. I. Brocioway, Elaira

North Carolina, Col. W. F, Beasley, Plymouth.

rth Dakota.— NF. Boucher, Bismtek,

Ohio.— Gen. R, Brinkerhot, Mansfield

Oregon. — er. Thos. L. Bliat, D. D.

Pennaylvania.— 1. J. Wietar, Philadelphia,

Tennessee. Rov. P. L, Cobb, Rev. A. L. Phillips, Mrs. Z. N.
villians, Nashville.

Texas. Jolm N, Henderson, Dallas; T. A. Whatley, Hunts:
ville

Vermont. L. D, Hazen, St, Tobnabury.
Wiseonsiu.—Clavence Snyder, Hon. James B. Heg, A. O.

Weight, Madison.

Washington. —Jobu B. Catron, Walla Walla; Hon. Emst

Sistor, Tacoma

Paisox Assocrarros or Naw Yous,

Foreign Countries.

Avsmanis,
Mrz, Stefford Bird, Hobert, Tasmania,
Sir John Dodds, K. ©. B., Lientenant-Governor, Habart,
Benwuns,
J.HL T. Jackson, Hamilton,

Fraxon

A. Rivitre, formecty, le des Pr
Henri Prudhomme, Sesretory Socigté Générale des Privo
Place Dauphine, Pavis; Mons. Ponneville de Mavsangy, No,
Penthitsve, Pavia; Dr. Pant Pailliixe, 128 Roulevaed Hass
Paris; R. Bésonges, Vice Président du Sénnt, 11 Rae Portal
Paris.

cretmy Soci6ts Gé

Greasy.
Johann Wiehe, Ranke Tans, Horn bei Hamburg; Herr
Heinemann, 250 Hammer Lan Tor bei Hamburg; De
Pribmnal of Tusticg, Hamburg; Pastor

som Assoeiotion of Sosome; Dr, Pan Ur

Tamm, Westfalen; De,

Comrbicve St. Berlin, Gi
se, Frankfort aut

Main, Germany

Guess Barras.

Alfred Davis, 19 St. Ermine Mousions, Westuninster, Londo,

E, O.; Dr. Maurice Davis, 1f Brmswick sqnare, London, W. C.
nl Goveenment Trani Tnapector, New Gover?

; Tohame Mave:

1s Holmes, §

anthers, Bish

Totton, Hamp-hire, Eng. ; ohn Maedonnell, London, Eng. Lal
Tames Hereford, London, Eng.; Leslie Scott, Esq., Liverpocl.
Eng.; Sir B. Roggles-Brite, K. C. B, Chairmen of Directors of

Sixrrroumna Axavar Ravons, 101

Conviet Prisons Parliament siveet, London, Eng.; Rev. Canon
Horaley, St. Peter's Reetony, Walworth, S. E., Eng.; Arthur Mad-
dison, Secretary, Reformatory and Refage Union, Loudon, Eng.;
Sir John Soot’, Malabar House, St. Albans, Eug.; Rev. Dr. W.
Douglas Morrison, Marylebone Reciory, N. W., London, Eng.
Hortaxp.

J.J. Gockings, Arahem, Province Guilderland; J. Bruinwold-

Riedel, Amsterdam.
Tera,
Rev. De. T. J, Scott, Bareilly

Toate.
‘Rome; Baron R. Garofalo, 29

Senator Martino Beltrani-Sei
Largo Garofalo, Naples

Taran.
Ternsaki Oinouye, Kabato, Hokkaido; Rev. K. Tomeoka, 38
Migamasee, Sibaya, Tokio; H. Sano, Seoretary General of the
Penitentiary Society of Tokio; Keigo Kigoura, Minister of Tus
tice, Tokio,
Rosera.
Hon, Michael Kazarin, Department of Prisons, St. Petersburg.

‘Swereemayn.
Dr. Guillaume, Bureau of Statisties, Bere.

Paisow Assoczartos or New Yon.

LIFE PATRONS,

By Contmnovioxs ov $500 on More ar Oxs Trem

X. Bayard Brows

Walter Howe.*
Adrian Teslin.*

y K, MeHarg,
Oswald. Ottendorfer.*
Mis» Julia Rhinelander."

iiss Serena Rhinelander,
Dean Suge.*

Willias IL. Seott,
Facob H. Schiff
Roswell Smith.®

Biss. AT. Stewart
Lispenard Stewart,

. Cornelins Vanderbilt.”

m H, Vanderbilt
Catherine L. Wolfe."
Toha David Wolfe.”
‘Mre. Anna Woerishoffor,

Stxrrvovurn Anuar Reront.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

By Coxrammurions ov $100 ar Oxe

George B. Archer.
Mrs, Caroline W. Astor.*
Frederick Billings,
Mrs. Broderick Billings,
E. ©. Bogert.
William T. Booth,

wander Hargraves Brown,

ML P., Liverpool, England.
James Brown.
MI, Bayard Browa,

Sarab E. Bruce.

B. Coldwell.
Andrew Carnegie,

Mrs, Thomas Carnegie.
Jolin Caswell

B. Ogden Chisolm,

W. E. Chisolm.
Edwand Severin Clark,
A. B, Conger,

W. E, Connor
Edward Cooper.®

William B. Croshy.

3.W. Curtis.”

K. Fallon Cotng
DeForest.

EP Diate

‘Mrs. William E. Dodge.
William Butler Duncan.

George 8.
Grace Church.
Elbridge T. Gerry.
Peter G Gerry.
William G, Gilman,
Winthrop S. Gilman
Eawin Gould
Herons Halt

B. 8. Harkness
Chae Hareah

Towoph Howland.
Mrs. Joseph Howland
Meredith Howland.
Clarence ME. Hyde."
Samuel Macaaley Jackson,
Morris K. Jesup:
Tames H. Jouos
Tames BR. Keene.
Soba 5, Keunedy

LB. Ge

3 Moby,

odbary G, Langdon.

Mins Lanes
‘William P. Letchworth.

‘atioual Humane Alliance,
RM. Olyphant,

Latbam G. Reed.
ander.

obb.
Rock rll.
lt
race Russell

reph Sampson,

Sterrrounem Avxuar Rsporr.
BF. Augnstns Schermerhorn.
T. G. Sallew

ucis George Shaw. UIEE MEMBERS:

G. ‘ Aa, _
Joh, Slayboeks
Engene Su

By Coxsmpuzioxs of $50 at Own Toe.

A Friend,
Joln H, Abosl.”
ix Adler.

William E. Dodge, Jr
RG, Dun*
Mrs. RG. Dan,

Lguat Belmont.
Fou Lsuusslaer: Als, Frederick Billings
Gale Comlins N, Bliss
tC.
A. Famce Foste
Simon Borg. Ther? Gallat
T. Carson Brevoort.® ‘Axthor Gilman.
Tomes M. Brown. Horace Gray.
mn Crosby Browa* Mrs. C, B. Hacky.
Stewart Brown, 3. B. Hagein,
Aine, Eawin M, Bulkley. ‘Mrs, John Hal
sings of Carola, B,C, Halliday.
Benjamin G, Clark Mrs. E, C. Halliday.
Mrs, Wn, B. Chisholm, award 8, Harkness.
B. Oaden Chisholm. Tohn C. Havemoyer.
Tuna Coin. . Auanets Healey.
W. 7, Coleman, ‘A.C. Heneken
Win, Coleaate. E, Herik.
Most, Ror. ME A. Corrigan.® Tamer ©. Holden,
Tames Horne,
tvs. Thos. Hubbard,
Thomas Hunt
W. TF. Crossman & Bro. ooney F. Huntington.
“OO Jobn Win. Hutchinson.

1 Seward Webb,
wse Church, Kerr Co.

106 Pasox Assocrazion ov New Your.

Erederick E. Hyde.
Richard Ievi.

Tamer J. Jones.
@.W. Knovslton

Mrs. A. AE Kidder.
Samuel H, Kissam,

Samuel Lichtenstadter,
3.8, Lanvery.
Mrs. S. P. Mnghee.

Dr, Fraveis H. Mavkoo.*

Rolert Maxwell

Ars, Tosepia Witbank.
W. H, H. Moore,
Moore & Sebley
Roland 6, Miteet*
Miss C

Feary Low

Mis, W, Y, Mortimer,
Willian F. Mott.
David Olsphant.
‘Thoinas W. Osborne,
BE. P:

Homy Ps

Geo, Fostor Peabody.
Engone A. Philbin,
Howard Potter,

Ree, Wendell Prime.
‘Thomas Prosser.
Perey B. Pyne.

Robert Rey.
Tames T. Taymond,
George A. Robbins

Mia rizabeth W, Robert
Rotheekild

Thomas F. Rowland,

Mes. Dean §

Col, Herbert L. Satterlee and
W. C. Schermeshorn,

Incob H. Sebidl

Geo. $, Scot

Willian H, Scot

Alonzo B. Ser

Famer 0. Sheldon,

Anstin Sherman

Cornelis Sesith
Teo Spee
Frederick K. Stevens
Tokn Stew

Bhs, Fre
Allen Tucker.

Sainttol Anchionty Tucker
‘Abram Van Net

‘ek F. Thompson.

Srery-rounrit

LD, Van Winkle,
8. HL Virgin.
Bloscker Van Wagenen,

W. Walker
EM Warburg
4, Ward,
Smunel Wetmore,
Joa J. White,

Axsvat, Rrvont

‘rs. Joseph M. White
Mrs. Laura Willard,

‘Woolsey.
Andrew C, Zabriskie

Biba Meaearpmen tice View Sixrevouren ANxvar Ruvorr,

enediey Mee J. Brown, AL shyard
‘Brown, Slee A

CONTRIBUTIONS FOR 1908.

‘Alvi, aise Santee Hera,

Butteeworts, ice 6.

Achforta, Sta Fae.

dyna, 8 AL

ons” Beltre Ta Cetfas, re
Batene, B.D. allo, Blin 8.8 Browns J © Celie Sirs
ws Deceased

Paigon Aesociatiox oy Nuw Yonx. Stery-rountie Awnvar Repoer,

antery Co The crane, Bes WN Dodge, rane
Gets, be A (0 Grensorg Men Ne Dodge, Mine G rs
Chapin ates. A. nny on. D Dal Fagnaai, ev.

Field, ars, W,
ee ne 500 Finck

s,

Dodge, Mies 2. W. sas

son Guergues,

Deceased

ua Pmsox Assooiatiox or New Yors. Suerrvourrm Axxcat Rerows

Geer, Dire. W #8500 Hae, J. 3 teh, Moe. B.D $10 0 Jacobi, Des

Sounsos, B. 3

‘Binoy 3. Ts

Grseme, Mee. W-
Gay iL ©. 0 nwa

Giny, Hon, 9.6. Jones, 3 2

Soison, Heary 1

Ealle'& Co
aut

Hessken, Ste a

lier, dB. ite Be

Hadden, Mrs. F.
Haines, Mee. C.D.
Halkett, Baroness.

Taskana, Sie WH Kingaland, Mrs. W. XM
Hammersley, Miss & Master. Beri, FW =
Es * Decessed

Paisow Assocratiox or Naw Yous.

geaseee2

ie

Suxre-rovrew Assur. Revorr 118

deren, Dr. D. 36 + 85.00 ott, W = #10 00
freaky J 10-0 duns, 2. 10-00

50 saga. ¥ 200
yf 09 Natsaw Smeteing & Repning
0 00 Werke 3

$00 New Home Sewing Machine —

2000 North, De N. Ly Je 19 00,
UO Non 10 00
9 8 Nope Mes Te 3500
Pro ©.

Mba Ba 50 09 Conner, TH

Opie, Mes B
Ohaveie, re, W'S

ay =
rin ee «200 Pulses ened Wi 0
Mors dats LB 1000 Pari bens FU. 0 00

"Desa,

Prison Assooratiox ov Now Yon.

* Decensed,

$0 0

@
Quauttanter, Rese P.

sy Mine JH.

leard, iss B.

Sxrs-rommrs Aswuar Revons,

Sous, Bre. Dean.
es Mine ah

Ssribnes, Biss de
Scien,

AD, Blstia Blevater Go

Sieidme, BB.
Sutton, De. G2
pind, Edward A

Shepard, Meu F.

Sia We a
Spencer, diiae

tive i
Stelaen, Fe Ly
Stevens, Mire BLK.
evens, Mee. J.B
Stowurt, Mies TMC
Stewart, Hon T,
Stiles, Bis €
Sijnon, FEL.

118 Pnisox Associariox ov New Yorx.

Sennen ian SF

Talmadge, Mee BE

Thomas, Aire SP

Tuttle, Be

Ughetio, Hen‘y 1,

©
pat, a

Wace

wars a fo
Baio, “siee ER

Stery-rounm#t Awnuay Reroxs,

wets vr Mei, Mi De

win, R. & Ob.

Witness TS,
Wits, 3s, W. B

Wie Bi

is, B, Wy

2

130 Pauow Assooratio ov New Yous,

DONATIONS OF CLOTHING, READING MATTER, ETC.

Rev. Dr, Howes

act George T. Jackson.

W, Atterbury.

Mise Virgin
AL. ©. Bishop.
¥. L. Blanehard

B. ©, Boge: David Lydi

3. D. Brows. Mrs, MicBolskelen.

Oharles 8. Butler
Joseph J. Byers d

§, Cauldwell R. B. 30!
se

Bre, C. \. Daards,
Davidson
p, Nov Davison

MN. Forney,

James J. Frane
George N. Gilbert

<M. A. Rogers

Ars. Stobhins

Mrs. SA. Torker,
Mrs, 0, W. Fail.
Bliss EX. Vanghn,
Mes. A. Wel
Andrew 0. Zabriskie.

ick Trevor FE
G. D. Hilvard
Williom P. Howe.

Sterrvourrm Axxuar Ruporr,

APPENDIX.

T to incorporate the Prison Ascoviation of New Youk.
Passed May 0, 1816, hy a two-thirds vote, (Aa subsequently
muended.)

Slate of New York, represented in Senate
tat follows:

§ 1, AIL such persons as ave now are and hereefter shall

lecome members to the said association pursuant to the eoustite

shill aul ase herehy constituted a ody corporate by

1¢ Prison Association of New York, and by that

we the powers that by te

of the first part of the Ie

1g to every corporation, and shall be eapable of purchasing,

d conveying, any estate, seal or persons], for the use

of said corporation, provided that stich real estate shall never

‘seed the easly vale of tou thousand dolla

nor be applied
than tose for which the corporation ia

to any other prypo
nine
82. ‘The estate and eon

1 corporation sball be

the constitution of the said corporation; and the following articles

thet now form the constitution of the association shall conti

to be the fodemental laws and constitution there
tiona in the mode therein preseribed,

+ exocutive committee, in conformity to
f, subject to

Aprioue Finer
of the sstociat

as witnesses,
The improvement of prison discipline and the goverment of
, whether for cities, counties or States,

The support and encouragement of reformed conviets after
lisobarge, by affording them the means of obtaining an
livelihood, and custaining them in their efforts at reform,

tained for trial, or finally convicted,

ea Parson Assoctariox oF Naw Yous,

Antena: Szcoxo.
‘Phe oficers of the society shall bu « president, vice-presidents,
a secording secretary, a correspond

and there shall be the f : =

scerctary, and treastrer,
ne stoning commen it: @
finance

a committer on discharged convicts and an
prison diseipline, a \

can earthy eit, mnt tok ore San eng Sve bal

be persons other tban officers

sae na Ee, hl ch one fl

‘number to be chairman thereof

Tie ses coms cringe They wbll hae 8
Fae ry jot to The society at their prosedings, and
sean Agticrn Freri.

See ae a ie tbe exeive conmonton shall appa

Awnoce Sexi .
sesing wml to tho fos of the assert
tion ef Jose than five dollars shall, owing to neh eontribr tion

Tre a member thereof. sa

tho association for Ife, Toworary a eunbess

may, from time to time, be appointed by

Stxrv-rovers Axxuan Revorr

Annexe Savant

A female department shall be formed, consisting of auch fomales
3 shall be aclected by the executive committee, who shall have
chargo of the inter olfare of prisoners of their sex, under
rogulationa as the exeeutive committee shall adopt

Aszrozs Brow,

‘Tho officers of the association shall be chosen amnuslly at the
annua] meeting, at which time such persons may be elected hon-
orazy members 9s cball have rendered essential service to the
cnuse of prison discipline

Arniene Nusre
Any society having the sume objects in

“ow may become aux-
iliary t0 this association by emtribat

1g to its funds and co

Arrioun Texrn.

The executive commisteo ehall have pescer to add to any of
the standing committecs auch persons as, in their opinion, may
bo likely to promote the objecis of the society, sud skal have

Sorrel tH tay Yocsnay HOM laay Coen in sag ta amcor
Bry eiphiee umelitee ua ceuta eng

Antone Exevxnnn,
This ornstitution may be amonded hy av

the majority
of the society at any mecting thereof, pr

ied natice of the
amendment has been given at the next preceding meeting.

‘The aticers elected for the current year, under the constitu:
tion, shall continue to be the offcore thereof until others shall be
uly chosen in ther places.

‘And it is heroby farther enacted that no manager of said
society shall neceive compensation for his services

§ 8, The atid excentive committes shall have power to eataby
Tish a workhouse in the emmty of New York, and in their dis
netion, ta receive and take into the said workhouso all such

srsons as shall be taken up and committed as vagrants or dis
a cong in aid city as the Court of General Sessions

14 Prison Assooratiox or New Yor,

of the Pence, of
Oyer and ‘Terminer, in said county or
fone of the abusli

spars of the

eseentive commit from time to time,
rake byJaws, ordinances and re
uent end disposition af the cs
fon, snl the namascneet
anil employment, of the pers
aie worklionse

tha he nto

the mene

Seeniy al aah

peepee erate ;
rel bed oie sid

acne nae eae aging sa tare pes, to
cule Je :
Ad cee apndy they sal pores all he 9%

10 learn sel pro
it will be most
fninze benefit and

‘nure to perfect their goverument and diseiptine

Sixrv-vourra Axnvat Reporn, |. /
‘and authority that by the twenty-forth section, of title frst,
shapter third, part fowsth of tho Rovised Statutes aro invested
of cowmty prisona and the duties of the keepers
yy exauiine shall be the seme in rela
cotion aforesaid, axe imposed on the
rwlation to the inspectors thereat; pro-
vided, thot no such examination or inspection of amy prison ahall
be made wei} sn omer for that purpose to ly
ehanecllor of tie St
hy a viee-chaneollor or cirenit ju
the county i

judges of the

sc, or by the Rest judge of
Whieb the prison to be esamined sll be sitaate
shalt bean ined and obtained, which order shall specify
n to he examined, the names of the persons
enh association by whom the examination is t0

be made, and the time within which the same must be concluded.

Parsox Assocraviox ov Naw Yor.

BY-LAWS.

JI Ye @ stated meeting of the exeeutive eommitteo
‘bursday of each mouth, and epecial meeting:
Ye Tedd on the requisition of the chairma
of the exccutive committee. ‘The call for a special meet
anges to be

jn all eases, state the busine

TE, At every mecting of the executive committee f
all be necessary to constitute @ quorum

TIL, ‘The order of insinees at the annual rieeting shall

fellows
1, Election of chaizma:
2 The reading of the minutes «
8. Report of eomnnistee on wominati

ratos of the last meeting.

4. Election
55, Report of corresponding
Amnusl report of the treasmee
‘yusiness at every other stated meeting sbell

secretary on the work of the year

be as follows
1. The rending and approval of tbe =
ceding meeting
‘2. Report of treasurer.
3, Reports from standing committees
4 Teepott from the enreeepanding secretary.

nutes of tho Tast pre

5, Reports from special committees

& Report from the geveral agent

Ree aad aa ae ‘other Insiness shall be transacted than

ae called
shat for wh :

The chairwsn shall appoint all standing and special em
amitiees and deekte all qaccirne of order, subject to am appeal
nd the raloe of order shall be those embodied in Cushing's

anual, co fae as they ave applicable :
x ‘VI. The recording secretary of the association shall be tt
secutany af the oxeentive committee; and it eball be his daty

Srxrevourrs Awsvar Rurozn, 337

to koop the minutes of the proceedings of suid emamittoe, to record
them in a bock provided for that purpose, and to give due notiee
of all mootings of the committee.

VIL The eoresponding seoretary shall conduct the corre
spondence of the exuentive committes and of each of the stand

sneral financial agent of the

aspeintion, and shall yeport at cach stated meeting of the

‘VITL. The toaster eball have change of the funds of the asso
ciation, and shall give eueh security as the exeentive committee
may require, Tis duties are more fully defined in byJew X

IX. There shall be six standing coumittoes, namely, on finance,
detentions, di convicts, In, house, and ibrar

X, The commitice on finance shall bo charged with the duty of
raising and caving for the funds

Tho funds of the association shall he divided into three parts

committees; and shall act as the

1, Tho eniowment fund
1 The reserve fund,

3. The general fond,

The Endowment Fund 'The endowment fand shall consist of

veh contributions as shall be given with the restsietian that the

come only shall he used for the purpece of the association, and
The

suns as may be sot aside from the general fund from time to

The reserve fund shall consist of such

time hy the excentive committes for investment. Whenever any

past of the reacere fiond shall be appropriated by the exeentive

eommistee, such som shell snaferred to the gen

fe] fund. The endowment and reserve funds shal] be under the

immediate direetion and n finance, and

Investments of theze funds shall be ordered hy the committee

on shill be m member and act as

mnanee, and shall be responsible
areties of t

mediately
ongrol of the eoamistes

The treasurer of the ussoe
the taraanrer of the committee on
for the saferkeoping of the
fade,

Any uninvested balance of the endowment and reserve funds
‘toll be kept each in separate trust sompauies in the name of

endowment and recerve

128 ‘Paisox Assocation ox New Yous.

nnd shall, when
‘rom the enddowinent

the association, subject to cl
ble, bear interest.
f tbe reserve fund ball | foe any prepore
except hy revolution of the exeeutin | wlieuerer any
eal be. be the ©
part shall le apprprinied
immeiately: be #

The @

Hunt] be charged at thy

close of the fi .
The treaswree cial) oun
cof all transfers of income from the endowment and reserve fu
The te

— aed
the corresponding secretary, im

‘agcoumt of th
co to the evedit

the proper wceount
‘The cores

agent of the 2
in the central oll

al dishorsing
iow eing t0 ls

sliato resend of all his

fot apply t© the endows

eecivnd Wy the envrespanding secretary shail
centered by Iai upon the proper banks of the association ani

posited in such
of the association
fm apptopriation “ant of either the rerere 0
torresponding eecretery shall send to the trea
ressintion seking thr appropris!
feretary, whieh certified copy shall be the trea

guk as direeted by the trenswver

Snorr-rourra Awxuat, Revonr. 139

for transforsing the appropriated amount to the corresponding
secretary.

The treasurey shall keep an acoount covering the general fund
jn the name of the association, eubject to bis check at treasurer
in such bank as may be selected Ly him and spproved by the
committee on finance. Such account shall be separai
tizet from those accounts opened for the wninvest
the endowment and reserve funds,

‘Tho comesponding secretary shall keep a bank aeeount in the
mame of the association, subject to hia check as coeresponding

fon finance shall audit, ana report upon accounts
of the treasurer and of the corresponding seoretary.

At cack regular meeting of the executive committee the treas-
turer shall make a deteiled statemont of the recelpts and diebusse-
rmonts for the precoding calendar mouth, He eball make a state-
ment showing investments and the receipts and disbursements of
the exdowment snd veserve funds; he shall make, at the annual
meeting of the association, @ detailed statement of receipts and
disbursements for the fiscal yoar

‘XT. Tt shall be the duty of the committee on detentions:

41. To inquire, as far as may be practicable or necessary, into
the causes of commitment of persous in the prions or houses
of detention in the cities of New York and in Brooklya, and to
adopt peoper measures for procating the discharge or providing
for the defense of such as shall appear to be entitled thereto.

2, To visit frequently the prisons under their charge, and to
endeavor to improve both the physical and moral condition of
the prisoners in all suitable and practicable ways.

KIL. It shall be the duty of the commitice on discharged
conviets

1. To correspond with prison agents or superintendents relative
to the character and trades of prisoners, and to ascertain, pre-
vious to the discharge of each prisoner, hie feclings, viowa and
capabilities, with « view of making the best arcangomonts for
his future employment.

5

2 To keep a record of all persons who will employ discharged
wed of their several aceupstions; to procure such em:
ployment for prisoners and applying therofor as seems best adapted
to the eapacity of each; ta hold ¢9 lence with employers:
to keep a record of tho eotudnet and prospeets of thoce for whom
pluces havo (on obtained, that they may be sustained and ene
couraged with the idea thst @ continued friendly intorost is felt
for them.

3, To secure suitnble boarding places for dischauged prisoners,
whore thoy will not be exposod fo corvupting indlnenees, taking
care not 40 have more tan ome in a place, where 3 ean be avoided

4, To see that the prisoners are provivled with
of a Kind that will uot atteaet particular atteption.

5, To consider the int nization of the management of
prison i to be exerted on
the prisoners dur confiuement; to report upon their
health, reform convict labor, alministration aud in
tema! poliee, on 2b prism aye
tems, and oF of zeformation,

w to examine

table clothing,

muitice 0:
and report from time to time upon the penal Jotislation of tho
State, with their muggestions for the smendment thereto, {0 com
Sider questions relating thereto which aro under diseuesion In
the pross or the Logislature, including pending bills, and report

Insione upom them also t0 care for the law

fon house 1 oare
for the maintenance of the teal estate of the association,
€. Te shall be the dnty of the committee on ibrazy to ave
that i& is pooperly housed and cataloged and to take Steps for
(One or more agents may be appointed by the exeeutive
committon to assist the standing committees in their duties.
The president, chairman of the executive committos,
ng eccrotary shall be members, ex-officio, of al

these by-laws except
pon aitoe ef ths propo amendment given at a pooious mee
ing of the exooutive committes.

INDEX.

‘Ast of incorporation,

‘ogeeptial sketch and mints adopted by the Exwcutive committee,
Shay 20, 1900
‘Kellogg, P. U, "Sanyo June’ Bneeows |
‘Bathe for Sing Sing priser
panies depression a8 couse of crime
Bylaws

Christianity the cure for crime, es
Creu Heder In the Homanitie® (P.O. Kellogg
ity based of Intrity, proposition fr

{Couney comm'tiens

County fil, eommiticenta to

Grae

Dots pn ase oo
fe menons paroled men
‘sin pron
“After Care of mates of Prisons and Reform:
OF eothing,Toulog matter ete.

tions for habitual drunkards...
TBeective committee report

Yrurm eolonion for vagrant.
Food at Sing Sing prison.

a, 8,