FIFTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Prison Association of New York.
For the Year rgor.
Orriox or rue Association,
185 Kase Frevemern Sreevr, New Your.
TRANSMITTED ‘TO
ALBANY
J.B, LYON COMPANY, STAT! PRINTERS
3002,
StTaTeE oF NEw York.
No. 98.
IN SENATE,
Fusnuany 11, 1902.
Y-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
PRISON ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK.
FOR THE YEAR 1901
‘Taw Puisos Assoviarioy o New Yous,
35 Ease Firninsea Super, New York Cury,
Frnevany U1, 1902,
Hon, Tiworuy L. Woonnure, Liewtenant- Governor, New York:
Sir—In accordance with chapter 163 of the Laws of 1846, we
baye the honor to present herewith the fifty-seventh ananal
report of the Prison Association of New York, and to respect:
fully request that you will lay the sume before the Legislature,
Respeetfully yours,
CHARLTON . LEWIS,
President.
Sanorn J. Rannoves,
Corresponding Secretary.
TABLE OF ‘CONTENTS.
‘Lotter of transmittal
List of Officers and Committees
Report of Excentive Committee
Report of Corresponding Seeretary
Prisons and Jails
Bastorn New York Refortatory ..
Reformatories for Women .
‘The Insane Criminal
Saale
Penitentiaries .. .
New York City Prison
‘Work Honse at Blackwell's Island
Raymond Street Jail.
Women in Kings County Penitentiary.
‘Phe Probation Law and Probation Work .
Parole Wark,
Diseharged Prisoners ........ecccseecessesece
The T osiminal, by Charlton 'T. Lewis,
8 Neti afer by Rev, A. 8. Ones BI D.
New Legislation
Probation Law
Parole Law Reon
Indotorminato Sentence Law ....
‘Memorial of the Prison Association of New York .
‘John Rochester Thomas .
‘The Treasurer's Account,
Local Committees
Bact. Coreen Members. -
Life Patrons, ......
6 Anyuar, Revoat oF rie Paisox Association or Nzw Yous.
‘Tare oF Costner (Concluded)
Honorary Members...
Life Members
Contributions . : e
Donations of Clothing and Reading Matter.
Appendix:
Charter of Prison Association
By-Laws
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Eastern Reformatory, Napanoch.
matory.
ns, Now York,
. Home of the Prison Association.
‘The Main Ofc.
Ottiee of the Secretary
‘Where conferences with the diseliarged prisoners are hold
‘The Library
. he Printing Otic.
10, The Kitehen,
OFFICERS FOR 1902.
Presiden,
CHARLTON 7. LEWIS,
Vive Presidents.
TCHWORTH, Rey. WENDELL PRIME,D.D.,
Rr, Rev. F. D. HUNTINGTON, ROBERT W. DsFOREST,
Seovetary.
EUGENE SMITM,
Corresponding Seoretary.
SAMUEL J. BARROWS,
Treasurer.
CORNELIUS B. GOLD, 25 Broad
Beeoutive Committe
Chariton T. Lewis,
Gino ©. Speranza,
Richard A. McCurdy,
James MeKeen,
Edward B, Merrill,
Wm. Jay Schieftelin,
J. G. Phelps Stokes, M.D.,
Dean Sage,
Prank D. Pavey,
J. Secley Ward, Jr,
Evert Jansen Wendell,
Patrick Farrelly,
George C. Holt.
F.P. Bellamy,
4. Fenimore Cooper,
Austin Flint, M.D.,
Henry E, Gregory,
‘Alexander M. Hadden,
Jobn W. Hutchinson,
Samuel Macauley Jackson,
Mornay Williams
Wn. H. Gratwiek,
W. W. Battershall,
JAW. 8. Gouley, MD.,
STANDING COMMITTEES.
Frank D. Pavey,
James McKeen, Gino ©, Speranza,
Eugene Smith.
Diecharged Convicts.
Alexander M. Hadden, Kaward B. Merrill,
Win, Jay Sebieftelin, HI. B. Gregory,
Patrick Farrelly.
Library.
Samuel Macauley Jackson, Evert Jansen Wendell,
De, Austin Flint
Detentions.
‘Alexander M. Hadden,
Mornay Williams,
Dr. J. G. Phelps Stokes,
Joka W. Hutchinson,
Frank D. Pavey.
House.
Jon W. Hutchinson, F. P. Bellamy,
Enugene Smith.
Finance,
J. Seeley Ward, Jr. Dr. 3. G. Phelps Stokes,
Win, Jay Sebietfelin, Cornetivs B. Gold,
Samuel Macauley Jackson, James McKeen.
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE.
‘The success of the peusl system of any State must depend
largely upon three factors: wise Jaws, good institutions and
honest and capable administration. Iu chartering the Prison
Association of New York te Lewislature had iu mind each of
these necessary elements, Devolving upon the Association the
power of hispeeting all penal institutions, it recosnized the ne-
coasity of a certain standard of structure, organization and
administration. In requiring the Association to report to the
Teegielature, it established an advisory relationship as to neces
sary and desivable legislation. It has becn the alin of this Asso
ciation to use this power of snggestion both conservatively and
progressively. It bas sought to guard against the advocacy of
Taws whose «option might impair the prison system of the
State; It has uryed measures which are needed for Its Improve
‘ment and benedt.
During the last seasion of the Legislature three laws were
pasted having an important relation to the judicial and penal
aystem of the State, One of these was the probation law, @
a law extending the indeterminate sentence laws the
third a conservative parole luw, providing for the conditional
Neration of a certain class of prisoners in the State prisons.
‘The passage of these measures since the presentation of our
last annual report is an encouraging illustration of the disposi
10 Awsvat Report ov Ta
tion of the Legislature to adopt Jaws embodying the frnits of
‘experience in this and other States.
‘The probation law which was urged npon the attention of the
Logistature im the last annual report of the Association was
promptly drafted into a bill, recetyed eaveful consideration from
hy no_ opposition,
committees and was passed with practi
Phe Iaw beenne operative September Ist. Tts characteristic
feature, as distinguished from suspension of sentence, Hes in
the great advantage which Is given Lo the jndge by placing a
his disposal a probation officer, dest to make Investigations
under the diveetion of the eowrt, aud second to exerelse a survell:
lance over those pliced on probation ‘The pretiuinary investi
gation furuishes fhe judge with information which enables bin.
fo oxercine greater diseriinination in hnposine or suspending
sentences and subseyneut oversight by the ofierr amd the con
ditions imposeil by the conet requir probationers to report at
stated intervals, exert upon them a healthful moral pressure,
i State of Massachusetts by
‘An inquiry eecently eondneted in the State of Massachusetts by
the corresponding serretury of (his Ansociation shows Chait the
judges of that Shite are practically manimons as fo te positive
‘valve of probation ax an essential part of a judical system.
‘two conditions are necessany for the success of this law: one
is the hearty cobperation of the judges; the other is the appoint:
ment of intelligent anid efficient probation offers. Where there
js but a nowinsl fultiment of the law, only nominal results ean
be expected, ‘The judges who have given the new law a fair
trial ave those who are most beartily im favor of it, As but
four months have clapsed since the Inw went into operation, it
Pausox Assoorarios or New Yous. n
is too soon to tabulate results; but the information lately
gained by the Association from probation officers and judges
furnishes most satisfactory evidence of the good results already
attained. Attention is especially called to the report on this
subject of the board of magistrates of the first division of New
York comprising Manhattan and the Bronx. (Page 58)
Experience shows tut the best results ean be obtained under
the system of probation only when the officer is able to give
his entive time to dhe work, ‘The development of experience in
inventigation, the ability to distinguish first offenders teom
Labilual rounders, dhe acquisition of the necessary knowledge
concerning the enviroment of offeniters, ean only be gained by
steady and persistent work by the same person at a given court
ind in a given Iovality. ‘The long continued training of proba-
How officers is as necessary a8 the trahuing requived for officers
in the detective serviee, ‘The labor of unpaid volunteers who
can give but a few hours each week to this work, valuable
though if may be as advisory and supplemental to oficial effort,
cannot take the place of the unremitting service of an offieer
who devotes eight or ten hours a day to visiting jails, investi
gating cases, attending Ue sessions of court, and exercising a
personal oversight over those placed on probation. ‘Phe probs
tion officer inust be on hinnd whenever the court needs him,
On the other hand it is eminently desirable to secure the af
of private citizens, both male and female, whose special experi
ence in philanthrople work admirably ts them to advise the
Judge and to take charge of a certain line of cases. ‘The law
wisely makes provision, therefore, for utilizing both paid officers
and volunteer workers, and it is gratifying to know that, on the
2 Axwvat, Tirvone ov THR,
authority of the hoard of city magistrates of New York, this
arrangement has heeu successful.
‘The prineiple of the indeterminate sentence has been recognized
in the statutes of the tor move than bwenty-ive years.
New York wnty be considered! the pioweer State ia enreting and
applying such a lav, Ti is an essential part of 1 reformatory
system, and is inseyarably wlentisied with the administration
of the Ehwira Reformatory in chix Bhute, ‘The success of she
Jaw in New York Tas Ted to its adoption in several other States,
where reformatories hased on the Elina plan have been estab:
Tishe
In passing, therefore, a law at its Inst session extending in a
conservative way the Indeterminate sentence to a certain lass
of first offenders committed to thw State prisons the Legislature
adopted a measime supported Wy aiuple experience.
‘Dhe provisions are as follows:
A. porson never before convicted of a erime punishable by
imprisonment in a Stale prison, who is convicted in any court
in this State of & felony, the mutshuum penalty for whieh, ex
clusive of fines, is imprisonment for Bye years or less, and sen
tence to a State prison shall be sentenced thereto under an
indeterminate sentence, the miniwum of which shall not be less
than one year, or in ense a minimum is fixed by law, not less
than such miniomnm, aud the maximum ef whiel shall not be
‘more than the longest period fixed hy law for whieh the erime is,
punishable of which the offender is convieted.”
It Is somewhat surprising therefore in view of the long expert
ence of New York Siate with the indeterminate sentence to
find that certain judges shoulil declare themselves as opposed to
Paisox Assovarioy or Nuw Yori, 3
the new law and should impose sentences so as to defeat its
object. This is effected by sentencing a prisoner so that there
shall be no difference, or perhaps, but a few weeks, between the
maximum and minimum period of his sentence. Tadeed there
have heen eases in which a prisoner has heen sentenced to not
less than one year and not more than one year, making the
sentence absolutely definite, instead of indefinite, as provided by
law. The effect of such a sentence is to defeat the evident
Purpose of the Legistature, and to render inoperative auy sys:
tem of grading, marking, or rewards and punishments which
might be established by the superintendent of prisons. Tt de
'§ the prisoner of the mental and moral stimulus which
spars hin to the best effort when he knows his tentative release
froin prison will depend upon the record he makes while there.
In reference to Elmira Reformators, the law (ehapter 878, sec
tion 25, Laws of 1900) provides that “if, throngh oversight or
otherwise, a person be sentenced to imprisonment in fhe Re-
formatory for a definite period of time, such sentence shall not
for that reason be void, but the person sa sentenced shall be
entitled to the benefite and subject to the liabilities of this act
im the same manner and to the snme extent as if such sentence
had been made for an indefinite period of time in the manner
provided by the penal code.
‘To secure the operation of the indeterminate sentence to
State prisoners it may be necessary to insert a similar provis.
jon in the Taw, applying to them, and providing as in chapter
TAL, section 9 of the Laws of 1887, that “ the courts of the State
imposing such sentence shall not fix or limit the duration
thereof. + * * Hut auch imprisonment shall not exceed the
“ Axxvat Revowr or 7H
maximum term provided by Jaw for the crime for which the
prisoner was convicted aud sentenced.”
‘The parole law passed at the hist session hus already gone
into effect and nearly two knndved prisoners in the different
State prisons aud the Eastern Refarmatory have received the
benefit of Its provisious, ‘The restriction, However, of He law
to prisoners the maximum penaldy far whose imprisonment ts
five yeurs ov Ios, forbids ils upplication to many whe would be
excellent subjects for condiGonal Hheration, ‘The distinetions
made in the ede as ta the gravtiy of offences and Ge varying,
penalties affixed [a (hem are not sate or eanelusive gnides
to the character of (he ofender, and a tian who is sentenced
for ten years may frequently be a better subject far parole than
fone who is sentenced for five, Parole Sn uo ease should be
granted nntil the prisoner has sufficiently demonstrated ty Mis
condnet in prison fhe tasonableness of granting conditional
Liberation. ‘The provision In jmrole huws making prisoners el
gible to parole who have served 2 certain Temgth of time, depend
cent of contse on the approval of Me parole dour, is far lees
satisfactory than a provision requiring Une atiainment theough
fa graded oF marking system of a certain standard of conduct
and character, Sweb a graded system I feniliny and general
in its application to schools, colleges, and otter educational in:
stitutions. It is no move ditieult to apply it to prisons, Tt was
successfully introduced by Machonochie and Crofton; It has been
applied successfully (o adult reformatories in the United States,
‘he grading system with conditional parole lax been in satis
faotory operation in the State prisons of Minnesota and Indiana
Puisox Association oF New Yous.
for several years, ‘There is no reason why the grading system
should not be applicd to every penal institution for corrigible
offenders. For incorrigibles a different régime may be nece
sary
A. grading system, combined with industrial (raining and a
firm discipline under whiel a prisoner may vise or fall, not by
a passive obscrvanee of good time rules, but by positive acquisi-
tion and attainment, furnishes the essential elements of the
reformatory aystein, and should be applied to all prisoners who
ave sentenced under parole Jaw or under the indeterminate
sentence, ‘The defect of prisons where the graded and marking
system is nol applied Is (hut the record of the prisoner is judged
rather by what he docs not do than by what ke docs do. Uf
he does not violate eertain easy rules he has a record for good
behavior based on a amall amount of self-control. ‘This nega
tive goodness is very different from the edneation of the intel
leet and the will, the eye and the hand through vigorous exer
cise, We commend therefore to your honorable body and to
the State Commission of Prisons the whole subject of the ex
tension of the reformatory system. We cordially approve the
establishment of a State reformatory for misdemeanants as
recommended by the State Commission of Prisons, ‘The com-
mon methods of the courts of imposing a short sentence for
mmisdemeanants on the ground that the offence is a “Tight one”
sets offenders on the high road to felonies and to State's prison,
Probation furnishes the best substitute for the short sentence
in all cases of first offenders when supported by proper investi
gation and supervision. A second offence may show that char.
16 Assuat Rerowr or TH
acter or environment are defective and indieate the need of
fonal and reformatory influences.
‘the legal distinetion
positive edn
As pointed out iu our last anmamal report,
between misdemeanants smd felons is largely arbitrary and has
little or nothing to do with the question of corvigibility and the
régime to which fhe pvisoner should be subjected.” No better
prison régime has boon found for the treatment of offenders
below the age of thiety yeare Ulan that established at the
Elmira reformators, aud all offenders, whether mnisdemeanants
or felons, should he submitted (o sinsilar treatment
Among the penal institutions of the State, the one most
earnestly demanding the attention of the Legislature is Sing
Sing prison. For several years this Association, in common
with the State Comission of Privons and the Superintendent
of Prisons, lias pointed out the Intolerable condition of this
prison. Tn January of last year Mr, Charles F. Wingate,
expert sanitary on was secured by: ihe Axsociation ami
in connection with a aperial committee made a detailed report
to the sanitary condition of the prisou, The strong conden
nation of the condition of the cell building of this prison made
by Me, Wingate aud hy Unis eonnmitéee was thoroughly sistained
by the State Hoard of Health, whieh, after a supplementary
examination by its president and a publie hearing, coudesmed
the prison as unfit for Srnmian habitation,
On Mareh 27, 1901, & memorial was addressed to your honor
able body by (his Association and your attention was ealled to
the serious consequences, not only to the health of prisoners,
but to the health of the community from failing to remedy these
Prisox Assootarion or Naw Youn, ar
conditions. This appeal was vigorously supported by the public
press, but the Legislature adjourned
action.
ithout taking definite
Since that time steps have been taken by the Superintendent
of Prisons to protect the water supply from possible contamina-
tion from the infltration of sewage along its course, entting off
‘one sonree of infection for typhoid fever. But the condition of
the cell building can only be remedied by entirely new construe.
tion, and for this a legislative appropriation is necessary.
In his message for 1902 to your honorable body the Governor
has added his voice to that of the State Commission of Prisons
and declares that “existing conditions should be remedied as
‘soon as possible.” ‘There are two ways in which this ean be
effected. ‘The first is to build # new prigon, the second is to add
to and reconstruct the old one.
Could the State obtain a sufleient price for the land and plant
at Sing Sing, it would be more satisfactory in the Iong ran to
build a new prison on modera principles on a site equally con:
venient to New York, and with sufficient land to enable some of
the prisoners to be employed at agricultural labor.
More immediate retlet, involving less outlay to start with,
can be obtaimed by reconstructing the present prison and
Increasing its accommodations, As pointed ont in our last
annual report, the shops are well situated, and, flooded
with abundant suuchine, help in some measure to check
the development of tuberenlosis engendered im the cell
buflding in which the main dimeulties as to drainage, ven-
tiation, dampness and overcrowding center. The Superin-
tendent of Prisons and the State Commission of Prisons have
given earnest and careful attention to the question of remodel:
2
18 Awsvat Revont oF mi
ing the present structure and building additional accommoda.
fions. They suggest an appropriation for a new fire-proot root
on the principal cell building, the present root being of wood,
and as pointed out by the Governor, in the event of a fire, “ pos:
itively dangerous to the lives of prisoners.” ‘They propose to
extond the present cell building north sufleiendly for the cou
struction of 500 cells, the new structure to be a modern build
ing, constructed on approved plans with “plenty of sunlight
‘and ventilation, and with a cellar or basement underlying the
structure.” On completing this extension the Commissioners
propose te racate 300 of the present cells and substitute a steel
structure for the present massive stone one, The lower tier of
‘the present building they would turn into a cellar or basement
underlying the whole structure go us to Improve the drainage
and remove dampness; the amall windows in the wall enclosing
the call block are to be emlarged so as to admit more sunlight
and air. On completion of the alterations in one-half of the
prison the Conmmissioners propose to xebuild the other half
‘Though prison architeets might differ as to details of construc:
‘tion there ean be no doubt that fhe plan proposed is practicable
and economical, It would not disturb or disarrange the dis.
cipline of the prison and would admit of the employment of con-
viet labor to a large extent
We earnestly commend this plan to the favorable considera-
tion of the Legislature and hope that the necessary appropria-
tlons may be made for the vigorous prosecution of the work.
‘While at Sing Sing the conditions to be met are those which
arise from a defective and obsolete structure the dificalties
Paisow Associatios or New Yous. 19
encountered at Napanoch arise from newness and ineompletion.
‘This prison was designed to relieve the congested state of Elmira
Reformatory. Its official title is the Eastern Reformatory.
Progress in its construction has been very slow. Tt was
opened for the reception of prisoners on the 19th of Decem-
ber, 1900. One lndred aud Atty prisoners were transferred
from Blnira as provided by law. ‘The population on the 44th of
December, 1901, when inspected by a committee of this Associa:
tion, was 191. These prisoners have been profitably employed in
completing the construction of the prison. ‘The general loca-
tion was excellent; but the building was unfortunately placed
too low on the slope {o secure the advantage of the natural
Avainage which might have been obtained by placing it higher,
An elaborate system of drainage on the Waring plan hak been
imtvoduced. The prison is well lighted and ventilated, ‘The
original pion proposed two additional wings and an enclosing
wall, all to be erected as far as possible by convict labor. At
least a Inmdred more prisoners should be accommodated at
present at Napanoch, but unless they could all be utilized in
completing the building, whieh Is somewhat doubtful, they would
be obliged te be idle, as no workshop or trade schools have a4
‘ot boon huilt fer productive or educative industries. Napanoch,
is not yer fulfilling the purpose for which it was erected. It
would seem that no time should be lost in erecting a suitable
shop ané trade-scliool building. The reformatory could then be
filled to its full capacity, and the per capita cost reduced. ‘The
encouraging success of the warden in raising farm products on
the smal! extent of land at his disposal suggests that this agri-
cultural labor might perhaps be profitably extended and the pro-
Asnuat Revonr or um
ucts made use of not only for Napanoch, but for Sing Sing, to
which they could be transported with little expense.
In the last annual report of the Prison Association, for the:
year 1900, a report of the subcommittee, consisting of Messrs.
‘Wand, Stokes, Hadden and Gregory, was printed in relation to
the State Reformatory at Elmira. That portion of the report
dealing with the qnestion of the increase of insanity at Elmina
hhas been the subject of a reply by the Board of Managers of that
institution in their annual report for 1908,
In the report of the Committee of this Association care was
taken to give the opinion of the then acting General Superin
tendent, Dr. Robertson, that there had lyeen no material increase
Bat the records
ance with this
in the amount of insanity at the Reformatory.
of the institution seem to disctose facts at vari
view, and the subcommittee expressed the opinion that the
“possible relation of such protracted dark cell ‘cnflug up? to
‘the increasing insanity in the Reformatory should be thoroughly
studied by the Reformatory authorities
‘The records of the institution show that one inmate had been
ina dark cell 87 out of the previous 44 consecutive days and that
‘on 25 of these days he had heen “cuffed up” for an average of
‘about ten hours per day, Another inmate had boon hand-cusfed
to the bars of one of the isolation cells for abont ten hours a
ay during 28 of the previous 80 consecutive days.
‘The Committee asked Dr, Robertson, Acting Superintendent,
whether or not in his judgment ax an expert alienist euch eevere
and prolonged punishment would not have an unfortunate effect
‘on the man’s nervous system? Dr, Robertson replied:
Puisox Association or Nuw Yon. aL
“1 should expect it would have an injurious effect on the
man’s nervous system, hecause of his general physical condition.”
When asked, “Is it not possible that this marked increase in
the insane among those who have heen so treated in the past
‘two years has been due, in some appreciable measure, to the re-
sorting (0 isolation?” Dr, Robertson replied, “It has probably
been aggravaied by the Isolation.”
Doubtless cvexy competent allenist would agree with Dr.
Robertson on this point, Whatever eauses may be assigned to
the increase of insanity at Riruira in the past, it could he very.
safely predicied on the highest expert authority that mental
Aiscases at that institution would be rapidly and disastrously
‘multiplied if thie form of punishment were continued.
‘The problem of punishment in a reformatory institution ta a.
Aipicutt one, and we belleve the Managers of the Elmira Reforma-
tory have no desire to inflict punishments which are cruel and
unusual, but the committee of the Prison Association would
Bardly have fnlflied their duty as inspectors ander the laws of
the State if they had not called attention to the serious conse.
‘quences which might sesult trom the punishments then in vogue.
While we segset that any ground for this discussion has boen
furnished by conditions at Elmira, we can only be glad that
the managers have determined to give this matter their serious
attention,
ECONOMICAL ADMINISTRATION.
“Attention Las been called by the present Exeentive to the need
of greater economy in the administration of all departments of
the public service, Various devices have been suggested to
secure it. From the standpoint of the taxpayer such sugges:
ions deserve consideration, with reference to our penal system,
2 AwsvaL Rerorr oF rue
‘We respectfully offer to your honorable body @ few observations.
on this subject.
‘This Association is emphatically opposed to all extravagance
ia construction and administration of penal institutions.
Fortunately the enlightened principles of prison eeform do not
require extravagant expenditure for ¢ieir application. ‘They
can be justitied on economic as well as on philanthropic grounds,
‘To bulld a prison which, like the new Tombs Uniiding ia New
‘York, costs nearly twice as much as was contemplated by the
original architects and twiee as mnch as is necesanvy, Is 2m out
rage on the fer, and tends to bring Prison Reform into
disrepute, The same is true of the unnecessary duplication of
officers and of wasteful administration,
But in considoving the question of economy as apiilied in public
service in any depavtmont we must equally beware of a short
sighted policy which sacrifices a permanent good to gain a tem-
porary reputation for retrenchment, ‘The real economy of any.
penal sysiem can only be determined by its vesults measumed
over a reasonably Tong period of years. We ummst beware of
the fascination of an immediate profit to he ulthuately reversed
by a permanent lose.
‘With due cantion in this respect there are undoubtedly ways ia
‘which the penal system of the State cam be much more economi
cally administered,
1. The proper coor@ination and eentrallzation of authority
would ultimately resolt in a great saving to the State, This has
been the experience in all countries in which it has been tried,
‘With adequate power to transfer, organize, distribute, or con.
‘verge for industrial reasous the penal population of the State, it
could be much more effectively worked and disposed,
‘Paisox Astocrarion of Now Your. 28
2, The practice of imposing short gentences for habitual erim{-
nals results in a great and unnecessary expense for police and
jndicial service, ‘The obvious relief is to be fonnd in sentencing
confirmed repeaters under cumulative or indefinite sentences to
4 long period of confinement during which their labor may be
utilized by the State and by the families of prisoners, Publio
sentiment may not yet be ready for this measure, but until it 18
there seems to be no way of reducing the costly appropriation re-
quired for the present inefficient system,
2. The probation system should be extended as rapidly as pos-
sible, ‘The saving to the State of the cost of imprisonment of
probationers and the more serious cost which has axisen from
the manufacture by imprisonment of first offenders into con-
firmed criminals is financially very great,
4. In the construction of prisons it should be remembered that
light and air are necessary to economy because necessary to
health. Every prisoner placed on the sick list adds to the per
capita cost. Tuberenlosis is the sconrge of all prisons. Ite
ravages may be partially checked by improved prison construc-
tion, especially by cell buildings in which light and air are ad-
mitted directly to the cells, as im the workhouse at Blackwell's
Island aud in the best examples of modern European prison
construction.
5. A saving to taxpayers can be effected by still further de-
veloping the present system of prison industries, and protecting
It from all interference by agitators who speak not in the inter.
est of labor and economy, but in the name of idleness and ex-
trayggance, On moral and bumane grounds this Association has
protested against depriving prisoners of the labor which is
necessary for their health and invigoration. Nothing need be
94 Awsvst Rerowr op rine Prison Assoorarron or Naw Yors.
added to what has beea said in this diveetion, But now that
the Legislature is siuumoned to economy in all departments it is
timely to emphasize the fact that any further serious disturbance
of the system of peoduetive prison labor in this State is unwise
and extravagant. At the last session of the Legislature two
bis were introduced whose effect if passed would have been to
@isorganize the prison industries of the State, (vow many
prisoners ont of eimployment, render useless a itrge qnantlty of
machinery oui inipose upon the State the uecessity of establish:
‘This Associntlon has not maintained
It
ing some now indoste
ft sysiem is the @nancial result
that the best test of a prison
thas not desixed New York to emulate the example of certain
States in which a large profit is derived from a contract or con
vict leage system. Such a apstem may prove too costly in the
Jong run. But as jabor is one of the most important of all ele
ments in the edueation and yeformation of the prisoner, its nr
telligent and thorough application in a prison system may be so
made as to secure the chief end and without laying any extra
burden on the taxpayer, Tn the interest of economy therefore
all propositions to further limit the sleld of renumerative labor
of prisoners should be strenuously resisted.
On bebait of the Executive Committee,
CHARLTON 7. LEWIS,
Chairman.
REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY,
‘Through correspondence and by personal representation the
Association has been brought into affiliation with organizations
at home and abroad whose activities have a close relation to
our own. In the wide fleld of philanthropy interchange of conn-
se] and experience is constantly necessary to secure codperation,
prevent duplication and throw light upon obscure problems.
le Association ia represented by two delegates in the Civio
Connell, an organization made up of labor and reform societies
‘ious Liuds in the elty of New York. ‘The Civie Counell
takes up many questions which do not lie within the fleld of this
Association. but which include subjects of publie interest and
importance
‘The Association was also represented by three delegates, com-
sisting of the president, Samuel Macauley Jackson, and the eor-
responding seeretary, at a meeting held February 5th, of a com-
mittee of 250, to consider measures in relation to the report of
the charter commission.
By invitation the corresponding secretary spoke, February
10th, at the monthly conference of the Charity Organization
Society on the * Legal Punishment of Drunken and Disorderly
Offenders.” In preparation for this address the Massachusetts
State Inebriate Asylum at Foxboro, Mass., was visited and cor
respondence conducted with De. Crothers of the Walnut Lodge
and a study made of recent European
discussions on this subject, The conference unanimously passed.
a regolution favoring a State probation law on the lines sub-
mitted by this Association,
On February 20th T represented the Association at a hearing
of the Senate committee on publie education in relation to Sen-
26 Assvar, Revorr of TH
ate bill 283, which provided that schoo! boards, boards of educa
tion, trustees of school districts and other officials authorized
by law to purchase schoo! supplies shall be authorized to pur
chase the sme in the open market when in thelr judgment it
for the best interests for the schools they Pep
1, this bill was a dangee
resent to do sb.
its fae
Though apparently innocent on
ous blow aimed at the furniture industry of the 8
‘Anburn, Had it passed, it would have disorganiz a
try, wonld have made another exemption iu favor of a special
ee The bill was opposed
.¢ prison at
red that Indus:
without any gain to the interest of labor 1a 0
by the Superintendent of Prisons and fortunately died 9 natural
death in committee
Several visits to Albany were necessary
probation Dill, prepared by the Jaw conmittee of the Associa
tion, and hearings were held on this subject before committees
of both houses.
‘A Dill to abolish machinerysa the State prisons ext
may be operated by hand or foot power, and except in the mann-
he nse of peisoms and charitable institn-
ied heaving hefore the Assem-
in behalf of the
ions except such 38
facture of articles for
tions, was the sabject of an exten
Diy committee on ponal institutions.
Superintendeut of Prisons and the secretary
ne of whose
‘The corvesponding secre
tary joined with th
of the Prison Commission in opposing this Dill, «
advocates so far overshot the mark as to advoeate the abolition
of all machinery, not only within prison but without,
Another bill introduced, referred to the same committee,
aimed (0 cancel the obligation of the different departments of
fhe State ko take prisonannde goed unless they can be sold 88
nd be made In what the buyers
cheaply as in
regard as a reasonable time, This bill would make the pur-
“At present the prices
open market,
chaser in atl cases the jndye of the price.
are fixed by a board of classification and are based on the pre
vailing market rates. Such a law wonld have nollified the action
of the boavd and by introducing fictitionsly low rates im the con
petition would have interfered with, if not ultimately destroyed,
prison industries, ‘The bill was not reported.
Puisox Assoctactox or New Yon.
With reference to a bill for the demolition of King’s County
Penitentiary, the result of inquiry showed that the commissioner
of corrections, Mr. Lantry, had no place then available to accom-
modate {he 600 prisoners who would be dislodged by the immed.
ate demolition of the prison, Tt seemed therefore highly im-
Portaut to defer the vemoval of the penitentiany, if such a step
were deemed desivable, until provision to accommodate the
prisoners could be made. ‘The bill was amended to defer the
Yemoral for three years, but failed to pass the Legislatube.
A bill to establish an inebriate hospital in the city of New
York required prompt attention. The bill passed both houses
of the Legislatnye. and its vitality depended upon the approval
of the mayor and the Governor. “A meeting of the law commie
tee, to which the matter was referred, was held April 24¢h, and
it was voted to authorize the corresponding secretary to repre-
sent the Axsociation at a hearing before the mayor, to be held
at 12 o'clock the same day. Messrs. Holt, Devine, Rice, Ely and
Tucker, representing respectively the State Charities Ald Asso-
ciation, the Charity Organization Society, the City Club, the
Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, were by
invitation of the Jaw committee present at the conference and
immediately afterwards at the hearing, The glaring defects of
the Dill were so evident that the mayor promptly assured the
committee at the close of the hearing that the bill should be
Killed by veto,
‘The legal treatment of the Inebriate ix one of the most dift-
cult questions in onr judicial system. It is now a subject of
world-wide intevest and study. The failure, through political
and otler reasons, of various public homes and hospitals for
inebriates cannot be said to have exhansted this form of relief.
‘The utter inadequacy of the prevailing method of committing
habitual dronkards on short sentences to a common jail or
workhouse Is too apparent. Apart from preventive measures
the only hope for curative measures ecems to He in the erection
of an inebriate prison ospital or hospital prison, which, with
‘the régime of a hospital and all moral and regenerative agencies,
should combine a power of detention and discipline for lack of
Ayscan Rerorr oF THs
which so-called inebriate homes with their free and easy.
methods have failed, Such bills
are indicative of a sentiment that cnvative rather than punitive
‘the one referred to above
methods are nevessary for weatment of dronkenness, Tn
this respect they are a good sigu, but experience demonstrates
the need of having socb institutions organized and admial
tered so as to avoid the mistakes and the failures of the past.
Much correspondence and various meetings held in regard to
probation, required the personal attention of the corresponding
‘The corresponding secretary attended as a delegate of- the
Association the annual meeting of the National Conference of
charities and Correction, held in Washington, D. ©, May, 1901,
‘The veport of the conn) inal, of
which Charlton 'T. Lewis, 14 Was chairman, furnished the
basis of discvasion jn the penolowleal section.
paper is published ia another part of this report
to their departuve for Washington they were en:
‘York by a special committee at a dinuer at the Hotel 5
fs Association was represented by Rev. Samuel 3
Jackson, D. D., and the corresponding secretary.
(Ou August 20 7 had the pleasuve of addressing the Conference
of the Brotherhood of ¢ \gdom at Mavlborough, N. ¥., om
Public Guardianship of Depend
and on September 4th the Cou
Seaclific, T. 3, on “Jesus as a Penologist
Prison Suudas, in accordance with the date axed originally
by the National Prison Association, was observed on the Inst
Sunday of Gctober, October Ith, in codperstion with the
Massachusetts Prison Association, a pamphlet was prepared on
prison problems, with special reference to the use of minis
ters on prison Sunday. SIX hundred speclal letters with a
printed address to the clergy were sent to the clergy of different
Prison Association ov New York. 29
denominations in New York city and thronghout the State.
‘Through the kind cobperation of Rev. Dr. Cobb and the consis!
ory, the West Hud Collegiate Chureh, eorner of Seventy-seventis
street and West End avenue, was secured for a meeting under
the anspices of the Prison Association on Prison Sunday even-
ing, October 27¢h. Addresses were made by the president of
‘the Association, Chariton . Lewis, LL. D., Alexander M. Had-
den, a member of the executive committee, and the correspond
ing secreiary, A collection, elsewhere acknowledged, was
Kindly taken for the benedt of the Association.
October 21st I had the pleasure of confersing with a number
of chavity and mission workers at the rooms of the Brooklyn
Mission, on the subject of probation.
‘The annual session of the National Prison Association con-
vyened in Kansas City on Saturday evening of November 9th,
and continued its sessions until November 18th. This Associa-
tion was represented by the corresponding secretary.
A commitice of three was appointed by the National Prisom
Association, consisting of 8, J. Barrows, Z. R. Brockway and
Albert Gavvin, to take steps to bring the subject of some form
of parole law for United States prisoners to the attention of
Congress,
I have also spoken in several churches on the treatment of
the criminal, amd delivered an address before the Young
Women’s Christian Association of Vassar College, where, under
the inspiration of Professor Herbert E, Mills, much attention
is given to sociological and ponologieal topics.
Mr. J. Seely Ward, Jr., and the corresponding secretary have
served as members of the committee on the treatment of the
criminal, appointed by the State Conference of Charities and
Correction, ‘The second meeting of this conference was held im
New York November, 1901, ‘The corresponding seeretary read
paper on “Phe Supervision of Paroled and Discharged Prison-
ers,” whieh, with the other papers, will be published In the pro~
ceedings of the conference,
8. J. BARROWS,
Corresponding Scoretary.
PRISONS AND JAILS.
No Important changes have taken place ju the prison system
‘of the State during the past year exeept a8 it hue been alfected
by the passage of the parole bill, the extension of the indeterm.
inate sentence, and the adoption of the parole law, These are
matters which belong, however, move to the judicial mackineey
of the tate and ave treated elsewhere. ‘The physical condition
of pylsous generally i marked by the yanal differences in
cleanliness, covstrnction and admivistration, which are im
separable from a spstem of connty administration, ‘The differ-
‘ence between the lest Jails in some counties and the worst jails
in others ig the difference between civilization aud semi-barbar-
ism, It is of little use to bring such matters to the attention of
the Legislature if it has uo authority to2e
Tatil all owe penal institutions
; we must vely upon local public sentiment to remedy
fons whieh depend upon local actio:
With reference, however, to State institutions the Legistature
we aud eesponsibilits, Ja the suport of the execu:
attention is ealled to the iumedinte necessity
plson long tines suggested by the Btate
Commission of Prisous, Tt is to be hoped th egislatare
will promptly innke the necessary appropriations to begin this
work. No further facts need to be added in regard to this
prison save that it is uratifring to note that prisoners are
better employed than they were last sea
‘The institution has been visited sovernl thues, but uo formal
inspection has seemed necessary in addition to the one made
in January, an sceount of which was inelnded in one last report.
‘The attempts made by opponents of prison labor to displace
the Industries at Auburn have fortunately not sneceeded. The
Axwoar Revoxr oF tux Patsow Assootatios or New Yous. 81
capacity of the State to turn out excellent work in the manu.
facture of school furniture is well illustrated at this institution,
The State Commission of Prisons recommend the construction
of a central power house, a new store house, and new eonerete
‘or asphalt floors in the cell buitding and mess hall.
Attention is called by the Superintendent of State Prisons to
the inadequate accommodations at Clinton prison for the isola:
tion of the many prisoners aflicted with tuberculosis whom it
Is now enstomary to transfer to this prison, During the last
‘ear there were 257 cases im this prison, ‘The Superintendent
secommends and is supported in this by De. d. B, Ransom, the
physielan, the construction of inexpensive but suitable buildings
for isolating these prisoners. Tn a memorial to the Legislature
concerning the condition of Sing Sing prisom and the liability
To the development tere of tuberculosis, emphasis was laid
upon the danger to society from the discharge of prisoners
afflicted with this (errible disease. Superintendent Collins in
his report just presented to the Legislature likewise calls atten
tion to this danger and says: “From no other class of people
is the danger of spreading the disease greater than from prison.
rs, for when they go out of prison in a majority of cases they
make theie homes in habitations in which the simplest rules of
sanitation are not observed, and the seeds of contagious disease
are.thus most readily sown. While it is the daty of the State
to afford prisoners condned in its institutions the greatest
practicable protection from contagious disease, it also seems
to be Its greater duty, as well ag Its interest, to protect society
by discharging into its midst the fewest possible number of ex
convicts bearing with them the dread germs of tuberculosis.”
‘EASTERN NEW YORK REFORMATORY,
December 14, 1901, « committee of the Association consisting
of Dr. J. G. Phelps Stokes and the corresponding secretary,
Visited this institution which has beon in process of coustruction
for several sears, It was opened October 1, 1900, for the recep-
82 Awnvat Rerorr or THe
tion of sixteen prisoners who were transferred from Sing Sing;
146 prisoners were subsequently transferred from the New York
State Reformatory at Elmira; 113 prisoners were transferred
from other State institutions in the course of a year. The
average daily member confined was 128. The population at the
time of the visit of the committee was 191. ‘The warden is Mr.
Silas W. Barry.
Some 272 acres ave included in prison reservation. The site
ig a healthy one and the extension of the railroad will make it
easily accessible; but the institution was unfortunately placed
too low on the slope and it was thought at one time that it
would be necessary to pump all the drainage. ‘his difflentty,
however, has beem obviated, and for the benefit of those inter.
ested in the construction of prisons and the problem of prison
drainage we give below a detailed description of the drainage
system adopted.
The grounds are made up largely of mountain land. About
forty or fifty acres are under enltivation. Employment for:
prisoners is limited almost entirely to the work of building the
unfinished portion of the prison, Warden Berry has, however,
utilized a few prisoners on the farm. During the year he was
able to produce 1,050 bushels of potatoes, 200 bushels of turnips,
200 bushels of onions, 5 acres of sweet corn, 5,000 cabbage, 4,000
tomato plants, 100 bushels of carrots, and about 75 bushels of
parsnips, in addition to-a large amount of small garden track.
Six thousand seven hundred pounds of pork have been raised,
netting the institution some Warden Berry’s previous
experience in practical farming well fits him to conduct an ex-
periment in agricultural prison labor, and he is confident that
if sufficient land were placed at his disposal he could raise prod-
uce not only for Napanoch but also for other prisons, ‘The
available men have likewise been employed in constructing
water works, in improving the drainage, and in grading
the grounds, No account has been kept of the labor of men
thus employed. They are nominally classed under the rules of
the State as “idle men,” but an exact account of their labor
TECCLCCECCeree reer A
WTI
TECCCCLLCEC ULE CeEL ek =
— Cay =
i
Pnison Assoctaniox o» New Yors. 3a
would show that the prisoners have done much work which
would have cost the State a large sum if let out at contract.
‘This ought to be borne in mind in considering the high per
capita cost of this institution, Owing to the relatively
small number of prisoners compared with the force of officers
and the expenses incident to opening, the per capita cost per diem
for maintenance was unusually Ligh. The total cost of main.
repance for the year was $43,008.58, of which $22,082.18 was for
saluries of officers and $20,980.40 was for ordinary support, the
average expenditure per convict per diem was $0.022. ‘The pres
ent force of officers could handle twice az many prisoners, and
there Is at present a sufficient number of cells to accommodate
them. There is no stockade around the prison. ‘Two guards
have elarge of from 20 to 30 men, ‘The guards are armed with
Smith & Wesson revolvers, .98 calibre, amd carry heavy canes.
Two eseapes only have been made. At the time of the visit of
the conmuittee 105 men were at work outside of the building
between 7 and § hours @ day
‘The external walls of the prison ave f stone. The interior
cell block is of brick with Iron doors grated. ‘The floors of the
cells are of sandstone, which will absorb a good deal of water.
The north wing of the prison containg 272 cells, the south
wing 224 cells, ‘The cells in the north wing are 9 feet long
by 6 feet wide, 8} high. The cells in the south block are
9 feet long, 7 feet wide and 8} feet high, Eleven large windows
on each side of the corridors furnish abundant light. The
ventilation is good. Brentnally each eell will contain a closet.
At present buckets are used. ‘The ventilation from the back of
the cell is obtained by connection with the open corridor air
space behind the tiers of cells dividing the cell block. The eells
are locked by a night bar and are also supplied with individaal
locks. ‘The doors are 2 feet 8 inches wide by 7 feet high. The
gallery surrounding the tiers are all covered, so that injury by
falls or suicide by jumping from the galleries is impossible.
‘The roof is not yet Hnished, but shelter is furnished by a tempo-
3
34 Assvat Revorr oF Ta8
rary structare, No punishment eclls have as yet beew built.
The school room is at present used for a chapel.
No industries or trade seliools heve been established. Six
men were at work in the tallor shop who make all the prison
garments, with the exception of the underwear, ‘The hospital
ndeva principles, There has been but little
te 8.
is constrvioted ox»
need of it, as the health 0 nates bas licen exculic
fow casos of tuberculosis hiare been transferred to Dannemora.
No death had oceurred up to the time of che visit of the eom-
muittee.
‘The central portion of
guard room to the height of the ceilings of the cell wings.
center buiiding la occupied as
The
westerly scetion provides the w
and his living quarters in the second and
‘The basement of the center hnitdings provides
and the easterly section of
ftelien, boller
the center building 2
chapel, guards’ rooms, smd hospital necon
‘The center bnildiug above the ulling of the cell wings 38 im
al epecifeations are well advanced, ond the buitng wil eo
ie fining bal athe fest etoey sad itehem and additional
Te voeniei, Ret, Brands 1. Pleves, seemed to be deeply
sooar te petTin an eubryo ate. The Tibstey containn 688
Neots, Thove i au appropriation of $300 dotiars for ibeary ex
vrmealautendanee fa not compulsory, ut three-fourths of the
population voluntarily come.
Paisox Associatios of New Yous. 35
‘The amount expended on the construction of the prison up to
Suly, 1964, is a8 follows:
Expended by building commission. S7L1,051 03
By superintendent of prison 50,070 95
$761,122 88
Heretofore the liquid waters flowing through the drainage
eyatem have passed, without any attempt at purigeation, to an
outlet in 4 small run, nearly dry in sumer, whieh empties into
abanch of Rondout creek, ‘The contents of the night mckets
were deposited each morning in a long open trench, whenee the
liquids slowly escaped by seepage and evaporation, while the
solids accumulated until they bad choked the soil and made it
impervious. When this cuudition was reached, the trench was
filled swith earth and another opened near it. Long before a
teeuch was abandoned aud ailled, active patrefaetion began in
the stored sewage and considerable offence resulted.
A modern syste of sewage disposal has just been installed
by the City-Wastes Disposal Company of New York, and this
will heveafter receive and purify all the sewage of the instite
tion, delivering to the ereek an eluent practically as pure, #0 far
‘as organie constitutents are concerned, as the water of the ereck
itself, An outside slop-hopper bas been built over the main
raja and connected with it, and into this the contents of the
night-onckets and their rinsings will be poured. The drain
terminates in an underground tank of conerete, 40 feet long and
24 feet wide, with a hydraulic depth of six feet, The incoming
sewer discharges into one end, throngh two inlets midway be
tween the floor and the water line, Dellector plates check the
Yelocity of the flow and diveet the current Iaterally, x0 that the
sewage is well distributed at the inletend and the corners do
not stand full of “dead” sewage. ‘The eapacity of the tank is
about 41,000 gallons, or on an assumed basis of 100,000 gallons
36 Assan Rrronr of sme
of sewage per day, the sewage of ten hours average fow. The
rate of travel through the tank is, therefore, but one and two:
tenths inches per minute, Daving this slow passage the heavier
solids siuk to the bottom and the lighter fats and focentent
particles rise to the top as scum. By the time the sewage
ion of Hiquid and
and the clavifed
reaches the farther end of the
suspended matters Is practically
Iiquid is drawn off, hy a collector of peculiae construction, om a
plane extending across the entire end of the tank and midway
hetween the deposited sIndge and the supernatant seam, The
retained imsperities are attacked by the bacteria which soon
colonize the tank and are reduced to Iiquid form, passing off in
solution in the escaping water. Tntil liquefaction has become
swell established, there will be # rapid accumulation of sludges
put in a few weeks the volume Hquered and lost daily will prac
tically equal the Incoming solids, and the accretion of deposit
will be almost, if not entirely, checked. At rare intervals, say
once in two years, the tanks shonld be cleaned; but during this
time it will have destroyed @ bulk of sludge sufficient to Al it
many times,
‘The liquid escaping from the tank, thongh free from suspended
matters, still coutains practically all the imparities oviginally
in solution, but their organie strmeture has been loosened and its
elements ave ready for rapid union with oxygen and consequent
return to their original mineral form,
This purification Js effected by slow Sltration through the
natural sandy soil, the application being intermittent, 60 that,
as the liquid subsides, air may follow into the pores of the Slter
eds, stimulating the action of the purifying bacterin colonized
on the particles ef sand, and supplying the oxygen needed for
combination with the nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon of which
the filth is composed.
‘The filtration area comprises 38,800 square feet arranged on
the “ pidge and Farrow” system, Twelve furrows, each 131 feet
jong and aix feet wide at the bottom, with sides sloping at an
angle of two to one are provided for the reception of the sewage.
Paisox Associarrox of New York. 37
‘These furrows are fed from four distributing chambers, which
in turn are fed by the collector and outlet of the septie tank.
‘The three outlets from each distributing chamber are controlled
by a sliding valve which will open any one and close the other
two, These valves are connected and controlled synchronously
ad switches
distant tower. ‘The lever locks
bye singe lever sear the het cba, ust fal
pen ue nest owed inthe soul, Now 3 9,9 and i lone
{Daemage Ich dltelbyting chamber conttns a device Hrowe
the sevage inthe open tarot menches the depth of 18 Inches
Pes sud, coat tthe th a nth
the cyele anew ae ne “wee *
3 gallon The fallow
over te throve foto the second poe
the da the thivd day the lever is shifted again, and
furrows Noa. 3, 6, 9 and 12 ave in consecutive use. ‘Thus each
tucrow, apart from the aeration It recelyes between the succes
Assoat Reron? ov THe
sive doses on the day of use, las two days of absolute rest out
of every three, This is sufficient to ensure high efficieney in
purification and absolute inozTensivencss at all times.
‘The entire tract is vuderdrsined at a depth of about 54 fee
by tile drains laid wader the ridges between the furrows, These
are suiliciently lose togetiver to prevent any snturation of the
soll, and yet no sewage can veacl them until I€ has traversed
filteving medium, ‘These drains Tead to
a.common outlet, where the efthuent ean be inspected at any time,
The only labor required for the operation of the plant is
daily shifting of the valve-ever, the daily raking over of
resting furrows (to break up any farons or greasy contin:
admit air to the soil) and the attention needed to keep the b
neat and free from weeds
‘o trouble from frost is appachendeil, The sewage has a cer-
tain amount of initial heat; it is always slightly zrea:
therefore freezes less rendily than water; and the pur
cess, being fermentative in its nature, generates considerable
heat. ‘The system has worked for many years in the rigorous.
winters of Canada without losing a day.
ATORIES FOR WOMEN.
fer of sntisfnetion that the mew Reformatory for
‘Women ut Bodtord was opened {u May Inst and that itis already
in efficient oper tion. Tt 's g often to make over
an old inst nd adapt it to a mew method, The new tn
stitution a: gs the great advantage of starting with aa
entirely isich has been built with special reference
to the classlcation of the inmates and to the development of
ny system
In addition to the State Prison for Women at Auburn, there
are now uve institutions to which women may be committed
sf the State. ‘The House of Refuge at Hudson, rv
Prisox Associarios of New Yorx.
swith reformatory institutions for women, organized on progres:
sive and enlightened principles. ‘The capacity of Bedford is 238.
It is organized on the cottage plan and the whole plant consists
of an administration building, reception hall, four cottages, a
laundsy, power-house, gate-house and stable, ‘The development
of this institution which starts with such an exoellent physical
equipment will be watched with much interest,
‘THE INSANE CRIMINAL.
New York Ikewise leads the States of the Union in its prow
vision for insane criminals. ‘The institutions at Matteawan and
Dannemora are both well equipped and administered. The
former bas suilered for some years from overerowding. It has
been relieved by the transfer of prisoners to Dannemora, An
endeavor is made to establish a distinetion between these in-
stitutions so that Matteawan may be used for “ court cases” oF
‘the unconvieted insane, while the insene convicts may be seg.
regated at Dannemora.
yas.
Reports received from committees of the Association show
Gat in certain counties the constant pressure of publie sent
ment las been effective in sceusing improved conditions. The
work of the State Commission of Prisons in this direction has
Borne good fenit ia vasious conntios in securing renovation and
Improvement ef existing stractures and in the building of a
number of nev Jails on modern prineiples, with distin
for women and provision for the seperation of pr
is to bo hoped that counties which are backward im this par
fe the example of more pro-
‘ate Comnnissien of Prisons ealls atten:
xin
ties as United States prisoners.
11] Goverusent should proviile enMletent accommoda-
tion for such prisoners,
Awsuat Revort oF THE
PENITENTIARIES.
Of the six penitentiarics in the State, the most discouraging
fact is that not more than three of them are at present furnish
ing sufficient work for their inmates, and this is an evil which
does not require new legist é simply the earnest and
determined application of existing authority, An industrial
difficulty in the penitentiaries is that different work must be pr
vided for long time and short time p ‘The short term
mien, unless they kaye had previous training, cannot be employed
in skilled labor, nor ean they be casily tanght trades, There ave,
however, various forms of out of door and indoor labor whieh
have been utilized in many penal institutions for short term
prisoners.
At the New York County Penitentiary at Blackwell's Island
progress has been made in rebuilding the central portion of the
structure, ‘The inmates ave kept relatively well employed, and
good discipline has been maintained
Kings County Penitentiary is healthfully situated and well
administered. A large number sent to this institution are
vagrants, but work is provided for both long term and short
term prisoners,
Reports from the Albany County Penitentiary show an
unsatisfactory stute of affairs es to the employment
ers, In Monroe county the employment is maialy ag
‘The new penitentiary in Onoudaga county has attached to it a
farm of 120 acres, which furnishes opportrnity for out of door
labor.
WEW YoRH CITY PRISON.
‘The delay in completing the new City Prison to take the place
of the old “Tombs” has be standing reproach to the
city. On March fons le by the Com-
mittee on ation to A ¢ hinder the com-
pletion of the new prison. In going from top to bottom: of the
new structure bardiy m ‘ dozen men were fornd at
work on any floor. tion offered for the delay
:
B
z
Prisos Assocrarioy of New Yonx.
was the series of eteikes and the complication, ls
trial, growing our of the failure of some of the Grms engaged in
the work of construction. The prison should have heen com-
pleted at least two years and a half ago.
The work of coustruction was further hampered by complica
tions growing out of the change of architect. April 27, 1886,
Mesars. Dickson and Withers received theit appointment as
architects, Contmacis for Inilding were let out for all the
money ayprovelated. In 1808 the work was taken owt of the
hands of Messrs, 1
jekzon and Withers, who are now suing the
city for £25,000 damazes, but who still retain supervision of a
portion of the work. ‘The steal work, the heating aud ventHlat
elevators, and still other work was given to
2 Slattors, ‘These architects complained that
work were too light and substituted
the heams sed in the cel
heavier coll work costing neatly twiee a8 much, ‘The eell work
as originally planned woul have cost $175,000; a8 reconstructed
it costs $310.000,
‘The contvactors for the ventilating and heating falled, Much
Gelay was caused om that account. One of the principal eauses
of misehict nud delay was teraely stated to the committee to be
due to having twa eaptains to command the ship and a varying
[As to the necessity of the change of architects and the recon-
struction of the cell portion of the building the matter is in
the courts, aad the committee have not deemed it their duty to
nihie dispute. ‘They think & important, however, to
tion to thie excessive cont nilding, which will
Mon dollars, twill eontsin A portion of
‘will he used for ofGecrs, Lut making a due allowance
00 a cell is am 2 shuple prison
\ perfectly
If the ram, oF $1,500 a
butte for fvom $1,000
to $1,200 per cell nnder conditions of Inbor and east of material
hot difforing widely from those prevailing at the present time,
Assvat Rerort of THE:
While it is 0 eatisfaction to know the disposition in these days
fa sufficient amount to secare the best sanitary condi
apa
oon separate cell for every
tions in new prisons and to provide a
prisoner, any undne extravagance in building penal tnstilutions
fs ta be deprecated, A standard of cost uumecessarily bigh
furnishes an argument against the recoustruction of prisons
which ought to be replaced by move healthéul buildings,
To those who know the condition of the old prison it ts hardly
pat in detail the great need of an enrly com-
necessary to pat
ww one. On the ante of the visit of che Com-
pletion of the 5
mittee on Detentions Mareh 1,
‘Of the S81 males, 340 were sleeping two
double deckors.” ‘There
fi, there were 413 inmates—
881 males, 22 females.
in wh fal
in a cell, ar
5 ocenpied by 54, 60 that nearly
were 32 cells «vailat
all the boys in
At a second meeting of Ue
Bast Fiftenth street, om
Messrs. Hutchinson, Willfams and adden,
1en it was voted that the following
toubled vp.
eimntttee on Detentions held at
Akiesh 29, there were present:
On motion
reeommenta 12 Commitive to be
japroved, to the Com 1 of Convection:
mau be allowed in a Tombs cell; that the sur
1. That bat
pias prtioners
pletion of the new ells
2: That in commiting oes tthe Toms petorene
Eee ca ry to send any
confined in the district prisons until the com
rence be
eases coming up for bail it would not be neces
Aistance for a prisoner
3. That the Commissioner of Corrections, Mr. Santy
‘ards put up in the cells warning prisoners against
be asked
to bare
indiscriminate appeals from lawyers,
‘Commissioner Lantxy promised to earry out as fa
‘the recomendations of the committee,
‘The new comasissioner, Hon. Thomas W. Hynes, inmedatchy
ras possible
ately
after assnming his office, January 1, made an invest
the conditions at the Tombs and Is pushing forward the new
Pnisos Assocrarioy of New Yon. a
building to completion. It is Impossible, however, to say at this
writing when it will be ready for occupancy.
WORK HOUSE,
On May 2, 1901, the Committee on Detentions, accompanied
by the Corresponding Secretary, visited the work house om
Blackwell's Island, ‘The following is an extract from a report
prepared by the acting chairman of the committee, M
‘Williams.
. Morey:
“Your cowmittee found detained im the work house about
eighitcen lads, all under 21 years of age, a
ently but little over 18 (thou
18), who 4
men are employed ax runners, being eailed upon to do errands
@uriug a portion of the time.
ploymen
\d many of thems appar.
all stated their ages to be over
detained for various offenses, Six of these young
The rest of the hoys have no em-
fever, and no education Is provided of auy sort,
‘The most siguiticant characteristics of the group were the very
minor charneter of the offences on which they were held and the
extremely typical character of personal appearance and mental
capacity exhibited by all of the Inds. In no case was the
olfence charged against the person of a serious natuze, but in
every case the lads gave evidence of the precfse class in the
comunity from while “the ganu” ie vecruited. Por the most
Part they had recived but very Hele schooling: the seventh
grate in grammar Seing about the highest grade reached by any
one of the t nationalities, but ebietly
antes 9 sag to the wockhose,
ony tour fn
is atone tbe en
ot ply pore Ha
Here were a voany 1 from a class
much neglected and tigtte to i Aistinet menace to the
Welfare of the eommmniiy, sepaated from all influences for
£000, astocinted with older offenders than themselves, kept in
“a Assuan Reroat of raw
loners i itiond airations ho sont: te theta
ment of the keepers, were move difienlt to deal with than a
sud who. on él ‘
ceived absolutely noth:
ways of
equal number of older persons,
their term of confinement, would hove
sal opportunities for learnhug the
ing except additio,
Theis econ
fodations were four cells, each
and two ef whieh, at
for any occa
capable of six persons,
tion
least, were §
jssionavies and
Te would apy system of cot
ting boys of the 1 orkk
8 of thse lads to the
and t a
fee area (8 ot Batege: Huh
outls u im the
ease af youths over
believes that wisheut very mune
honse anther!
ing, cl fer the like.
Septem st al
the off
not sent to
with thes ;
be enter: proation oficens, and
to Hart's Island, where facilities for work and schooling are to
te provide
m RAYHOND STREET TAIL.
Since the last annual report, the Women's Prison at Raymond
Street Jall na been eoun iron bridge with the main
prison, furnishing better facilities for eseape ia ease of fire, But
Prieox Associarios of New You, rs
the peed of removing the. women fo Kings County Penitentiary,
or else building a better structure than this old wooden’ fire
trap, is as great as ever. The following is an extract from the
report made by Mrs. Caroline Bergen to Hon. Randolph Gug
genheimer, President of the Borough of Brooklyn:
As to the structural conditions of Raymond Street Jail, a
casual observation of the part in present use for women shows
it to be inadequate. Closer examination and inguiry into the
best of prison methods, with plans to improve as well as to
Punish inmates, shows the jail to be lamentably luckiug,
Over sixty women were in the jail when this inapection was
ia the month of June, a number at times increased to 100-
No occupation is provided other than the keeping of
the building clea, laundry work, and the making of garments by
some of the women, No classification, other than terms of sem
fence, is attempted; mo chairs; the beds in dormitories close
together; eight or ten in the larger rooms; bed linen and cov.
ering not up to the standard required at well regulated alms.
houses; benches in the haliway between dormitories; no places
ther than the ones mentioned for eating and sleeping; bathing.
facilities inadequate; some women serving sentences of sie
months, others shorter terms, or awaiting trial. My last viett
Was made on Sunday, June 10, and I saw a number of young
Women, one am innocent looking girl of 17, who bad been
arrested at Coney Island the night before, herded in with
rougher characters,
Every courtesy was shown me, and opportunity for inspection
worded, and access to records of cases freely permitted. ‘The
matron seems kind and interested in inmates, but is handi
capped by the mengre facilities, and has only prisoners as
helpers,
The sheriff said that among the men many prefer to work,
snd painting and repairs about the building had been done by
Inmates, but he questioned if among short term prisouers work
rould be enforced. I question it not, and consider it a part of
46 Awsean Reroar oF ae
pelson discipline to employ inmates. ‘This could be accom
plished in a variety of ways without competing with outside
industries.
‘The xener
by prison experts, is fair, but permitting th
" men to mingle ia
WOMEN AT KINGS COUNTY PENITENTIARY,
Mus, Rergen also submitted in the same report some notes
in regard to women at the Kings County Penitentiary
The penitentiary is admirably situoted on high aud healthy
gromnd. While building and
not in size according to
\- eorvidors ave ample
the mast motern of ste str
a in before the door of each
acy poxsiisle hy @ fresh white om
1 hy the care and decora:
cell, and son: individuality displayed by the © ;
bathing system by eprasing, £0
of entire plant.
od and likely to he utilized.
tion of each by the iamatest
fate tine. Women do ty
5 to other work welco
‘Three Women in this department,
‘sited e
4 Dietary ample, “for
erent eght
ee warden properly deserfbed hig charges. Diet
tment
workers.” as the
is directed by the physician in
An to sentenccs; the penitent
h ‘yomen being committed there for
eight different counties, som
fas short a term as two months,
same magistuates, as enreful inspect
nf jail will show, ave sent to the jall for the same or
‘Other wouten, committed by
jon of records at hoth peni-
oe il of 1 r term prisoners, say
Tho weeding ovt fom tho fll of longer term prisons, na
sot te ene o Big Chol Poet,
: he number at jail. What then wil
ut naturally to deplete th
be needed ls simply a house of detention for those waiting tal
‘or serving the shortest time.
Paisox Associatios or New Yous a
THE PROBATION LAW AND PROBATION WORK.
In January, 1001, te question of securing a probation law for
the State of New York was discussed in the executive commit
tee and referred to the law committee for consideration, ‘This
committee appointed a subncommittes, consisting of Messrs,
Rperanza and Baxrows, to draft amendments to the Penal Code
Providing for the appointuient of probation ofters and detiaing
thei duties, “Three meetings of the sub-committee and two
mecetinss of the law committee were necessary (0 get the pro
Posed law into shape. At one of these mectings the committee
Jad the ailvantage of the valuable suggestions of the secretary
of the State Commission of Prisons, Hon. George MeEaughlin
Tn Mr. J. H. Morgan, of the Assembly, representing the first
district of Kings, the comméttoe found an active and interested
trend in favor of probation, ‘The bill was presented by Mr.
Morgan $0 the House Febrmry 26th; likewise in the Senate the
wv was iutreduced and advoeated by Senator Cocks,
After a bearing before the Assembly committee on codes, in
bi tee showed a sympathetic interest In the sub-
feet, the bill was reported with amendments. One of these
amendments Timits the scope of the bill to cities of the State
where it will undonbtediy have its largest field of operation,
Another amendment enlarged the seope of the bill by removing
& provision that the probation period should be limited to the
longest tine for which the defendant might have been en.
fenced. This masimom period in the ease of certain offenses
it vender the probation so short as to he of little deterrent
Yalue, It is now to be left entively to the discretion of the
Charlton %, Lewis, held
nate committee on
if # favorable report from the commit
tee, The bill passed the Legislature without opposition and
became a law April 17, 1901, with the approval of the Governor,
‘The bill as passed embodied with a few verbal modifications
erery essential feature of the original draft. ‘The act was made
to take effect September 1, 1901
ator Malby, chairman of the
ssulted im secur,
48 Axsvan Report or THE
The full text of the bill, on consulting the index, will be found
on a succeeding page. We give here a brief synopsis of its
provisions:
‘Under the legislative practice of the State of New York the
new law had to be introduced in the form of an amendment to
the Code of Criminal Procedure and had to be grafted upon the
existing Inw in relation to the suspension of sentences. The
law provides for the appointment of probation officers by the
justices of courts having criminal jurisdiction in all cities of the
State, Such probation officers may be chosen from among pri-
vate citizens, male or female, clerks or assistants of the courts
making the appointment, or from attachés of the district attor-
ney’s office, or from members of the police foree or constables.
In such eases the probation officer receives the salary or com-
pensation attached to his official employment. Private citizens
serve without cost to the city or county. They may be em-
ployed and paid by charitable organizations.
It is made the duty of probation officers to inquire into the
antecedents, character and offense of persons over the age ot
sixteen years when diveeted by the court to do so. Reports
thus made ave to be Sled with the clerk of the court, and when
there is no clerk, with the justice thereof, The court has then
the power to place tle defendant on probation under the charge
and supervision of the probation officer. The court may revoke
and terminate such probation at any time and may execute the
sentence,
If the judgment is to pay a fine and that the defendant be
imprisoned until it be paid, the execution of the sentence may
be suspended for such time as the court determines. The
defendant has thus an opportunity to pay the fine by instal-
ments or within a prescribed period, and when the fine is paid
the judgment is satisfied and the probation ceases.
Provision is made for the collection of needful statistics by
requiring that the names and addresses of probation officers
and the courts to which they are attached shall be transmitted
to the Secretary of State, and also detailed information con-
i
i
i
Paisox Assoctav10N or New Yous. 9
coming the age, ses, nativity and vesidence of the defendant
and the nature of his offense.
‘The engetment of a probation law in New York is the out
come rather than the beginning of probation work in this State.
As in Massachusetts, so in New York, a few individuals who
had secured the confdence of the judges demonstrated the
value and necessity of probation work before legislation was
Invoked. Indges occasionally exeveised their diserotion in
minor offenses in g oung olfendors another chance, The
passage in the State ef the lav giving Judges aurhovity to gas.
pend sentence greatly enlarged the number of such cases. With
licir multiplication, kewerer, the judges felt the aced of ad.
visers In thie responsitile work. Suel an adviser wos found at
the City Conv in the person of Mrs, Rehecea Salome Foster, a
woman of great srupathy, Judgment, tact and personal devo-
tion to those ander secusation, She seeared in a remarkable
egree he contidence of the judges and was kuown as the
‘Tombs Angel.”
In a siuilay way Me. Erastus Backus, county detective of
rooklyn, has done excellent work in the conrts of that
, Ceycclally in looking after boys before and after tvial
His work has ended aot only by the judges of the
higher courts, 0 “ sates, More recently
Me. Dayid Withee b 1 at the Court
of Special Sevsia: stigating and taking into his custody
ors committed by the jadges.
For more sears the Prison Association of New:
York has had a vepresentative at the Tombs, to visit those
Investianto eases when deemed necessary
‘ation {o the Judges when desived. For see.
enteon years Mv, D.E. Kimball has served ia this capacity, and
fom year to year various results of his work have been ehron- |
= {
4
50 Axsvan Teron or tHE
feled in our annual reports, His sears of esperience, tact,
Knowledge of human narnee and trained capacity for distin
guishing the “rounder” from (he Orst offender have wade his
services of great salve to the
Association,
Before the enactinent of the probation law and several
months Lefore it went into effect Judge Warren W, Foste
ns, deterinined to Introduce the pre
with Ie power to suspend sen:
‘ourts, to the offender and to this
the Court of General Re
bation metitod in connvetion
fences. He invited the cooperation
agent for that par ne eas whikel seemed
weve vefersed to Mv. Kimball
© brought out facts
to requive
for report, The e
whieb ‘bling nage Foster to decide
o, oF whether In the case 0:
whether new, ov whith
Thoagh
the court
by dudgs
‘ihore was Zhen vo provision for the appointinent &
ne attitude of the jodge in
of a probation oficer, Sie. Kimball
Foster ag an agent of the court,
the matter aud the additional induenee thes gained over young
offenders is well by Judge
Foster iu an early case of this sort reperted is the New York
fed in a admonition gly
Erening Post of Marel 10, 101
Jndge Poster addvessil them as follows
sentence
4-Fou ave both young men. You have Won convicted, and it
coud von to prison, where von will associate with thieves and
eee ee eee hel shat fe will be fo yout lasting Injury, and
crimson becoue criminals and war agalust society 0 Tong 08
Son live, Sow, tere has ben eatabls
Dy pelle las been to send soung
caoe Tain gong co make a a
suspend sentence, and ! wave y
a Baspeneion of ou go acot free
trom this convict or gon at nF
see cae Tay Issue a Sarrant aad have vou brought to the
tees fits court, and may then sentence you to prison. T may
var ot ciivof you to Seate’s prison for five whole years, and 1
wo young men eame up for |
Paisox Assooratiox op New Your. a
shall do it if it comes to my attention that you are not worthy
of the clemeney that Iam now extending to you, LET find that
either of you is doing any wrong, or is leading an Immoral or
wieked life, 1 shall issue a bench’ warrant and bring you here
‘nd sentence you,
TET were to sentence you to prigon—and you richly deserve
ta go to prison, because you ave both gufity of the crimes
Imight make crisninals of you for all ime; and, ander
ireumstances of the case, 1 did net want to do
Association, at my request, has made an
acter. Their report impels ime to
role van in the enstedy of Mr.
Kimhall, who is Here, the agent of the Prison Association; and
Me, Kimball has agueed to wate over you aud to report to the
art yonr frture coniuct. If you are gond boys, serve Four
employers fairhfally and do no wrong, the coart will not Rend
for yor, and yon will be as foee as any other citizen; bat If you
retirn to yoitr evil ways, 3x. Kimball will report that, and T
suall send for von and then sentence you,
report fo Me, Kimball
‘You must, therefore,
He is the agent of the court in this
‘The work thus begun nader Judge Foster has beeu continued
twoughout the year. It must not be supposed that only
“promising cases” are investigated; eases of all kinds are
Tronght before the agent for his examination, As our agent
works in the higher court, and has to deal with offenses which
ave legally ani often ethically of serious character, it is im:
portant that the greatest discretion should he exercised in the
iuvestigatious and the recommendations based upon them. No
nnunity must te granted to daagerous criminals. On the other
hand, frst o:
opportuni
devs giving promise of reformation need the
which probation aords to recover their moral
polse. Our agent is therefore conservative both ag respects the
intevest of society, awd likewise
the offender
spects the best interest of
A review of eases shows that about twenty per
cut of those Investigated have been recommended for pro
lation, in otler eases the offender's previous record shows
that thongh this may be the dust time he bas been brought into
const it is not really his fust offense, It is not advisable either
to have lim go hack to the same environment. Te needs edu-
52 Assvat Rerort oP THE
the head, hand, aud heart. He
Tt ig the policy of this
Hint for
ony wnst be sent
far a3 possible
we they ave beyond th tren
sears of ag
Ebmira, ane
law of
‘To iMinets
bation system, and the kind of work that
dation at (he Tombs and at the courts a uwntber of
It will be se
wise’ to tho
when guilty of & s
ta one of the Stat2 prisons.
opti h
State to a penitentiary 0
e in a concrete way the pv.
described in detail n that not enly ave persons
after conviction or cont
dhrough the juvestigations of our ;
times vindicated. The following extracts from reports of Mr
Kimball will be read with interest:
sion of erime placed en probation, bu
agent the innocent are somte
—- G-— an actor by profession, under arrest for grand
larceny, called me to his cell door to say that he was not guilty
of the charge Wvought against him, that he had no means t¢
retain the services of sud that his wi
and {hice children were without food. :
< lawyer to defend him,
Oa examin cou.
pinint T found that his story was peobably true #9 fa
facts were concerned, but It was a matter fo be passed
a jury with the usual delay. The family T provided with menos
to pro we food, and secured the aid o! be - defond
the busband and father. He was accused tio 8 |
apon by
nd a ring
alned at $50, the property of a wonan wi evitis
in S85 for a
‘ox hina fn the art 6
and
instrnetio
answer to an advertis
tty
terres dita
eid for le
re ring for enough to pos the il and wed
hmmber of Tessous she would-be
he going on the stage and
£ her ving ‘lined to give it up until
her that unless sbe paid be woult
‘ber the ticket
i
Prisow Associattos of New York. 58
After much bickering he pawned the ving for $20 and sent her
the ticket. She had him arrested, When the ease was brought
defore a jmy the prisoner with the help of the efficient counsel
secured by the Association was able fo present his side of the
‘d the proseention, and the
to acquit the prisoner, which they did
The Association kept the family
fo food and fuct until its supporting member regained his
iberty, He saya that all Lis future transactions will be on a
ecrietly cash basis
story, the diatvict attorney abandon
judge insteneced th
withont leaving their seats
A poor Jewish watchmaker, with @ wife iu delicate health and
fone child dependent upon hin for suppo#. begged me to take up
his case. ‘The
ttle fayily was reduced to @ condition border
ing on sta! and in desperation the poor
uch enteusted to him for
and caused bis
repairs; the mgtomiens demanded thely property
pleaded
guilty and this himself on the meres of the cone, A pamber
of gentlemen who 9 ravi the sad story and made
property In pawn} it
judge that the prisoner
befove and sentence was enspended,
‘ole fy the enstody of the Prisow Associa
from horhiood where he had been
up a fund wilel x 1 to vedo
was proved to the srtistietion of the
He was relensed on p
tion, He maved awa,
‘mn difficulty and Is now doiug well
The court divested the
huad pleaded
Afteen and the oihe
geut's attention to two bo}
to an attempt to commit fo
who
Both were under
wtened by their briet
antest for the fist tise and thovonghly €rgh
nged to excellent families, who felt
jon them by their sons, The
On hnwestigation It was
both boys be
Keenly the disgrace brought uj
Assva Revorr or THE
gest hoy was employed in a down town business house as
fan errand boy; be abstracted a eioek from the frm’s checks bo
filled it ont for $1,404 In what he tho
which was ludicrous)
it at the bank to 1
fads i
deceive anyone ho bank off both hors arrested.
AS there hed been no financial vai the gusoaure werd
erly tell the @isference
between Hight and wrong, as investigation fia
mely young and Yardy able te pr
had never heen fa trouble of a shuilar uature before, aud aa tk
Dad not d-vied thei guilt, T recommended that Yorks Tags he
given auother chance, aud paroled in the custedy of the Asso
ciation, ‘The court acted favorably on the recominendation and
turned the boys over to me after explaining the law to then.
Both boys are uow leading good lives instead of getting an
education iu exime from older and worse boys in some institn
tion for criminal
young man’s undoing who sought
His story
Drink was the equse of
my aid when Iwas pass
was brief. He had com
sitnation in a neighboring eity throngh his habits of drink
getting a place right away he went to work at window cleaning
for @ fow cents a day, and lived in cheap Jodging houses. He
the windows in a store one ay, and was £0 bef
his coll in the Tombs,
to New York for work. having lost his
Nov
was cleanin
Aled with rum that he was not altogether conscious of his ae
tious, He picked up a typewriting machine and walked off with
It, oly getting as far as the sidewalls when he was stopy
Placed under He pleaded that he had never been fa
ey that he was the son of @ former State offical, and
aand
prison befor
could prove St if given aehance, but having no monex, upposeit
go to prison. 1 took a list of the people
who knew him and communicated with them by mail, explaining
quest f
he would be 6!
the young man's predicament. ‘The response to my
fa Listory of iis past was satisfactory. Gaod people knew and
Pnisox Assocrarios op New Yonx, 85
were willing to help hin,
ujles to certify as to his good charaeter
One business man caine a hundred
1 reported the facts
to the court as fours, and it mereitally permitted hits to retuem
fo the city where he befouged wader a suspended sentenee, the
husiness man who eniploys severa) hmdred hands having agreed
to give him a place im his factory and {o look after him,
The desire to obtain goods cheap caused a
grocer tench trouble, and he is not Lab
young Italian
to buy them too cheaply
fo future after his prison experience. ‘The cont asked that an
Inquiry be made as to the zepmtation of an Tallan who had been
convicted of weeetying stolen goods, and the eireumstances under
nd bec connnitted. Juvestigation showed
sst, hard
Which the ex
that the prioner b nas hee am hen forking man,
who by 1 nd cennowy had saved epongh money to open a
nd Be
rocery store which E business. THs famity, com
sildven, the eldest elit hemmg but
¥ of the store
ening apd offered him some
He foolishly
eaged having
sisting of a wite
eight Fears of a the ve
A man drove re one
groceries for teh lose tha market valae
ny criminal knowledge or
He be anbserved if
disposition,
supervision by. the
‘ving that the end of justice »
tionally release ended sxe
Mberated on
he was parole
Not all cases ave so promising.
sary to prevent the court from bet
mierey, and to reveal the tre choracter and reeard of offenders
who may be young in y ald in crime.
The f
Minute investigation Is neces
Qecoived by appeals for
wing case Teported by Me, Kimbail, is an example
Among the cases investigated at the oxder of the court was
that of a boy of 17 He tearfully begged
ie to get him a suspended sentence, as he bad never been
accused of forgery
88 Axsvat, Rerost or sae,
arrested before, promising to do bettor if given another chance,
He was a handsome lad, and I felt that he was well worthy of
mercy. Questioning byonglit ont the faet that he had heen em:
ployed in many places, but never long in any one. A number of
his formey employers gaid he was smart and qnick, but not
strictly hones: 8 also
ad been for n year in a house When
remonstrated with him for is attempt to deceive me regarding
his past he langised and said hie wonld take bis m
ever it was. He was admonished by tle ¢
the State Reformatory at Bliiva where if there is
im it Is to be hoped that it will he brow
A delicate looking man called mie to his eeli door in the Tombs
and besonght the interest of the Association in his ease for the
sake of bis young wite and unborn child, He came ta New York
from the conntty (wo years ago and afte satu
attempts, fount :
office, His wages were so suiall that le cout hovdiy Tive and
support his young wife, and in am evil moment h
steady employment at very pay in aw
temptation and forged the endorsement ser ona
$10 chock. As he acknowledged his exime, vised to
nllky anil theow him!
ninst li
punished by bel
prisoner fainted away aw when released
T was obliged to assist the court officers in eonvsing him into the
corridor.
A manufacturer, employing 60 hands in his shop and doing a
large business, was convicted of nasault. Tis lawyer was an fn
competent practitioner who failed to present lis side of the ease
as it merited, being confident of an neqiittal. Be was sezpriaed
when the jury returned a verdict against bis client with a |
THE MAIN
OFFICE.
Prisox Astoctarion ov New Yous.
recommendation for merey. ‘The judge asked that an inquiry
be made and it was found that the defendant was a reputable
rant and veally not guilty of the charge against him. Wholesale
ary goods merchants stood sendy and willing to voueb for him
in any amount. Tt was a plain ease of miscarriage of justice,
and on my eport the court released him on a suspended
& M——, born in Hungary and fve years in the United
Stntes, was fonnd in the Tombs resting under a charge of
felovious assault. ‘The amin contd speak but Tittle English and
i he seemed to be an inoffensive, quiet person, an Investigation
of his ease was made. With the help of a spmpathetle court
Interpreter, it was foarmed at one evening om his way home
from work he stupped in a selocu to get 9 drink, Tt was a place
uinch feeqneatad by Slavs, who have constaut fends with Ein
Ae bit the butt of their josts and ridicule
ly omtmnmbered he
and at last stabbed one of
Te was then arrested, and
ou fal mage If defense as he contd;
ut his encmies , a outusinbered him,
He bad no witnessiss ouvieted him ef a minor
igre of a lice aflices said he was @ bad man,
lising ou the cand never working to support
dis family te went to the prisoner
1 se assentions, and found
tty childeen, ‘The house was a
turn was made by the
salt howe from a
bieture frame £ where le was employed. ‘The wife said he
was always good nif the ehildven,, and never drank fo ex:
cess. “His employers said he was a steady, quiet amen who never
gave them any tronic, ‘The tacts were bronght to He attention
of the court and the weeping prisouce was told not to take the
Axsuat Reroxe ov mam
nw into bis own bands again. He was then released on proba.
tion in the custody of the Associntl
Judge Joseph M. Deuel, the president of the Loard of City
Magistrates, First Division, comprising the boroughs of Vas
hattan and The Brows, has been a stvong friend of the probs
tion system from the start, ‘The Twenty-cighth Anuual Repos
of the Board, deawa by Judge Denel, gives the conclusions
the Board of City Magistrates concerning the Probation Law
which in the short space of three months has alveady denon
strated its vine. The report says:
}_ “The Gencral Probation Act, ehapter 372 of the Laws of 197,
“applicable to prisoners above the age of sixteen years, we
fnto effect September 1, 1901, ‘The magistrates, with faith |
its wisdoun and belief in its utility, took prompt steps to 7
it into exveution. It was the opinion of a majority of the Bou
that the best results could be obtained by earetully selec
patrolues trom the police departizent, By the co-opera
of the commissioner and chief of police this plan wae put
operation. Ten officers, picked from the entire force by a8 1
magistrates, were assigned to this duty, commencis
Ast. Three months’ operation ander the law bas de
‘the adaptability of such officers for much of this ki
Reconcllistions have been effected,
thined, {imprisonment has been averted, the expenss
insticutions has been rednced, the revenne of the eity has
inercased, abilities have been prevented aud good ordey in
community hse been promoted far beyond the money vale
‘= these officers have drawn from the city
By appoliting police probation ofeors the miaistve
nid to confine, nor have they confined, themsrtves the
‘iviBians, upon the recommendation ant vn
‘avilable and philauthropie enterprises, have been
‘cing excellent work. It is diffenlt to #
die twa—obleer ov eivilian—is steivi
good, Te mnty he sald thet the ea!
eminently sneressfil
For the mryoscs of this amanat
each magisirate to seloct individant
before him that would bo illustrative of the operation of ¢
law, and the response hne been so generous aud the eases »
Pritox Associattos or New Yon. 89
numerous as to
has been thous
ake selections extiemely eubarvassivg. It
best, therefore, co exclude particulars aed te
nets aud advicnlages tet tres aaouthe
enforcement of the hi ave disclosed, 3
They ate Ae
and etteetive without
heft “oter enn aceate
sie Roles br the goity and
Vine frenucully valved the taneent aed
“Fourth, Pnoishmneut equally effective, attended by
eveasor! yevene to the city sind by a saving im oxpenst
ny tte practical, not theovetieal advantages, «
ined each day in the police courts of the ells.
ud. however, that the law bas had a trial of
mid that with cach magistrate It was ent
range of useftiness bad to he explored
fad a 8 will doubticss develop
Iamiliay with tts possibilities
stic to cover a cass
drattsinan, from.
das to warrant
stvaces fouid there bad been
U the Lushan a
requir he
. in defvmit of tar
nuetited for a term
espense Ya He public,
he productive energy of the
ine great liability to the prtblie
V childven whe the mother coud not
had to be committed to charitable
a charge om the revenue of the city of $2 per
fn per year for each child, Tnder the ew law we
lave substituted the probation officer for the bondsman, and
oo Asxoan Report or THE
thereby enabled the bushand to keep at work, and obtained for
his family an equitable portion of his earnings. In this class
of eases the law bas been s0 cffleaeions thit eoue of the magis:
frates have not fonnd It neerssayy to conmnit a single disorderly
Workhorse sige Oristier at
nizations that have fu
vivilia tion obeers:
to the Puiversity § iA. King: to the
Charity Organization Sockets, for ENot; to the Sal
Mus, Caroline T. lo the City: Mission,
Taylor, and to Mrs John A, Foater ag an
individual volunteer
PAROLE WORK.
One of the most important features of the work of the Prison
Association is that of the legal eastody and supervision of those
released on parole from the Ehaira Reformators, Duclng the
year 1901, the Association has S44 paroled
men. The method of eonditionat 2 ted in these
eases By tHe Retormutory marks 2 2) nge from the old
aystem of releasing discharged convicts on a definite seuience,
Under the rules of the Reformatory no inmate ia eligible to
parole weil he as reached a certain grade in the fustitntion
and thorchy made a certain record under the conditions of it
dustrial and mental training and dcportment prescribed. When
thus eligible, his ease is carefully considered by the board of
managers and he is released on condition that rex
employment with some reputable frm ar person Is obtaine
him, To this end it is necessary that the friends of the prisow:
should exert themselves on bis behalf. Such exertions are
usually rewarded by suecess, and eome person is found who Is
willing to take the paroled man at a fixed rate of wages and fo
a defulte time,
Tt is uiccesaayy, however, in order to prevent collusion ant
deception thot snch offer of employment should be caret
Investigated. This work in the eity of New York is conducted
by the Prison Association, It is mot left to the mnedinm of ei
regpondence, but an agent of the Association viaits every
PRison Assoctation op New York. 6
employer to ascertain if the offer of employment is genuine, and
“if tho environment and conditions are favorable. Sometimes an
applicant is fortunate in having three or four places open to
im._In sneh cases, our agent selects the place which seems most
fromtising. Occasionally’ the place offered Is not considered
Uosirable, ond au uatayoratile report is made and the parole
deferred until a new position fs found, Tt is only, however,
when the conditions and te environment ave decidedly unfave
able that au offee of enipl
We refornstery
tad the agents 0
nent is rejected. ‘The managers of
who ave seeking conditional release
sition are all too grateful to. the
ess 9 vommuunity for the kindly interest they
tke Ta siviane portunity to paroled men to throw aay.
ost Sof The exertion of this genevons, helpful
spin 3 |d encouraginw in the attitude
of society toward the discharged parison
than this disposition
1m a chanee to
wove himself au honest and industrious snember of society.
on the part of empleyers tu Leleased
Very rarely one aj = been deceived by a“ fake” place.
An offer of
usual io
superintendent to this Assoetation
firm ow one of the large
business stveets of New York. The olfer was acknowledged and
here Was every reosoM to believe that the vous
Such am ingtance oe 1s the last year
employment (0 a 4 of the Reformatory mad
for investigation
mtn. as for
tunate In seenting such a position,
A favorable report was
Fendered; the prisoner was veleased and reported at eur offiee
on artival. Subsequently 0
to learn how ke was getting 0
agent visited the establishment
nan was doing well, that bi
e firm, A mouth tater a eimitar assurance wits given
to our agent, but his suspicions were excited when 0:
son was given for not finding him at work. Subs
sation showed that there lad been a collusion between the pro
prietor and the prisoners that the offer of employment was not
| & genuine one and that in reality the prisoner had not been
2 Aysuay Rerorn oF ts
employed there at all. ‘This was brought out when the young
nan was rerested ander two charges of theft and returned t
the Reformatory. ‘This is au exceptional ease, but shows the
need of investigating olfers of employment made to prisoners
and also the need o} vatie visitation by our agents while
on parole. New 3 is none fad qin fas work of visita.
tion, and the
inepection wore tboronghly aud systematically than before
enables us to cumdaet this
rt once x month fh
id to the
: e They alsy being letters ade
puch Itters embody favorable repotts; st jovestigntion shows
that such seporta are Justified. 1€ ix nn undeniable fact that
of those placed on parole do yell and become hoaest and tadus
ase of thelr « arrested and
to detain ix prison the large miter of those who hinve demon
tive teloase, Th foiiiver on the ofler band slow the wisdow
ot that tat
vwisdo of giving them a tenta-
af the parole nw which provides for the return
tender who
has violated his parole without the expense and delay of another
trial but simply upon a wavvaut issued by the superintendent.
‘The parole eystem has proved itself to be so effective and
valuable after many yents of applicatlou to reformatory eases
that its extension within limitation to those in State prisons
under the nev law is « Xo judge who sentences
a man to prison can tell fn advance just what time will be neces
aply jnetified,
sary to correct the fauits of his ehavacter, to bring kim into a
new attitude toward society and to educate him into industriat
and social responsibility. The officers of the institution to whiel
Prisox Association or New Yore. 6
ho fs committed are much better able under a proper régime to
determine when it is wise to extend, as it were, the limits of
‘the peison yard by giving kim couditional liberty. He ig still in
the eustody of the anthovities, still under the surveillance of the
parole officer. He docs not receive his absolute discharge until
hie has eammed it by temperate, industrial and orderly habits.
“During the last year of the S41 paroled men in the custody of
thls Association 181 haye received their absolute discharge on
one recommendation, approved by the board of managers of the
Reformatory.” ‘
Many of the voung men received from the Reformatory prove
to be interesting cases and reward any outlay of effort and
viendly care, While it is necessary to exercise a supervision
Which must be frm aud vigilant, our alm is to assure paroled
meu that they can look to a8 for protection and for temporary
ald when necessary. ‘The lmvdest eases te provide for are young
ien from the Reformatory who are wholly without friends in
the city snd who ava therefore often detained longer than they
wise would he beoanse they reeetve no offer of employment.
such eases it is the ain of this Assoeiation to secure them
employment, One such ease Curing the last year was of peculiar
interest. .\ young man eligible for parole but without friends
in New York was muable to secure employment, He was not
stong enonul to do manual labor and his early training had
buen entively oftice work, He had a young wife who was almost
without means in New York and also in seareh of employment.
It is seldom that we are called upon to get work for both hus:
ml any The wife was a modest, ditident little woman
without experience in He city. Tt was necessary to provide for
ev before any effort could he made to get her husband home.
v some diye of waiting and disappointment a sitaation as
cashier in a yestanvant at a small salary was secured for her.
Efforts were then made to get a place for her husband. ‘This
was not an ensy task, but after a few weeks a situation was
cbtained for him ian an oflee where lundveds of clerks were
mployed. ‘There was a happy reunion and the young couple
ot Asxva Revoxr os 1H
began Iife anew. They bot yetained their work, saved enough
to start a home of theiy own and axe now doing well. The young.
man’s conduct for sis months was exemplary, and the managers
of the Reformntory granted hia a final and absolute discharge
At the expiration of that period. Both husband and wife
thoroughly appreciate the efforts made on thet behalf
In a paper read by the corresponding secretary of the Asso-
ciation before the secoud couference of Charities and Correction
of the State of New York attention was called to the need of
supplementing official oversight of paroled prisoners by fvlend'y
visitation, A paragraph from the address referred to is ere
inserted:
“If it were possible to organize systematic volunteer auper
vision on the Swiss plan so that every paroled prisoner could be
sure to have at least one friend when he eame ont ia addition
to nny official parole officer the resuits would vndoubtedly bi
highly beneficial. Official machinery cannot alone do a work
which depends so mueh fer its sucecss upon personal eonside
tion. A good feature of the parole system is that the community
hhas an opportunity to cooperate with the Stace in trying ¢0
reestablish the offender In £0 The prisoner is still o
the surveilance of the prison administration and he
far in the grasp of the law, but he is also within
fe moral poise, aud soci
v2 a some way responsible in fuvnishi
tumate envionment ‘whieh led to bis downfall. can fo
deal in furnishing those conditions of personal sympathy
industrial opportunity which way lead to his reformation
DISCHARGED PRISONERS,
All prisoners who ave relvased on parole ave of course,
physteally speaking, released prisoners, It they are not dis
charged prisoners ins legal ee heir status is different
from that of the prisoner who has served hia fall time and who
‘on going out received his absolute discharge, 31 is to be hoped
that the indeterminate sentence will ultimately be extended t9
all prisoners, so that none will veeeise thelr absolute discharge
Prison Association or Ni ons 6
until after a period of conditional release. At present parote
is the exception rather than the rule
here is a radical difference between the relation to society
of a prisoner who has completed his term and that of a man
on pavole. ‘The prisoner with an absolute discharge is released
whether he be a ft subject for velease or not, He may have no
home, no friends, no prospect of employment, but the Iaw whieh
forced him to 40 to prison on a certain day forees bim to go out *
on another day, withont regard to the consequences to him or
tosociety. »He is regarded as having paid bis debt to the State,
and the State has no longer any control over him. The paroled
sum, on the other Land, is not discharged until he is assured
of work, which means also an assurance of food and shelter.
For the paroled man there 8 no need of a prisoners’ home,
with she evils which may xesnle from gathering together men
vin ought to be separated. ‘The paroled prisouer enters at
« hnto natnral and novmal velations with society. His free-
dont, however, is conditional npou his good bebavior. ‘The State
stil) holds over im the hand of authority, a salutary and
estraining influence.
We have considered above the ease of the paroled man. But
what shall we say of the discharged prisoner who comes out at
the end of a definite sentence as most prisoners do? As already
said, he hae finished his term and the State bas no further hold
npon him. ‘The best that can be done under these circum:
stances is to visit the prisoner some weeks before his release,
even all about his age, relationship, education and whatever
Ise will assiat in re-establishing him in society. Appeals may
lw made to friends or relatives to furnish work or shelter, 80
tae the man when discharged may ave no dangerous period
of idleness or homelessness. Visitation service in this way in
the prison may be much more effective than deferring such ger
view until the prisoner §s veleaged. At times all that is neces.
smy to reestablish relations of self-support is to reconeile
fiends to the prisoner or to reconcile the prisoner to his
| friends
66 Avwac Revorr oF THe
Renewed emphasis is placed upon the importance of this work
by the Prison Association. A few eases will instrate its
value. Two wecks before their release
prisoners were vis.
of them prac:
ited at Elnckyell'e Island, It was fonne that
tically needed ro phiysieal help feou the Assaeiation, They
had felons, families, or homes te which they wight go om ais.
charge. Several of they were jioot, Init they were not depend.
ent, ‘They apprerinted the kindly sp
of
alde, s0ld, “ T have a wife and children to
Work 1 soon as T get ont, think ie will he better to hety
it and friendly inquivies
Visitor, One tan, a Hebrew tailun, living on the east
fo, sad T eam got
someone who needs it more than Edi” In the eases of the five
who needed ely one needed @ pale of khoes, smother, who is a
well-trained cook, needed a working anit of clothes, ‘Those were
furnished at ony ative. Anotiier wan had to receive food and
shelter, ‘The other two needed to be put in relation with their
friends. Onc was a young aman, vather feehle mentally, whe
id not know wheter his mother wonld be willing to seeeive
him on his release, Omy agent visited his mother, who was
only too gid to lave him couse Lowe, In another ewe a young
man was not sure that he could go bnek to the reputable
boarding-howse where he had lived before und be trusted for
fa week av two until he obtained work, .\ visit to the land
Indy showed that she had much vegaed for her former boarder
aud wits willing to help him to that extent Te soon seonred
work. and at hist aeconnes was doing well, ‘Dh
Aid not need to come to our Association, but the service rom
dered them was far better than giving (hem meal tickets ar
lodgings.
Another case was that of a young n
sister from whom he bd not heard, and concoming whose
e toward him he was doubtful. A note to the siste
nd forgiving,
a who hid 8 isaevied
She wae affectionate
Her younger brother went om his release to ber home, instead
of boing lett to shift for himself
‘The most helpless of discharged conviets are those who have
Puisos Assoctatios ov New Yous. or
no home, no trade and no friends except those whe lead them
into temptation and who may zather be called enemies that
friends. The danger in such cases is that tinst offenders may
soon Inpae Into cheonie repeaters.
‘Though much can be done to relieve prisoners from want and
‘mendicaney by visiting them before they are released, theve is
need in every large community of some place where the pris:
‘oner who Is a subject for temporary help er counsel may find
Ft, and where a geucrons, helpful Influence toward the erring
can We exerted; this oftice is such a place,
During the lust year there lus been some falling off in the
number of “rounders who apply to us for aid. A cord of
‘wood, a sav and buick in our cellar hax had a discouraging effect
pon some of the chvonie cases, but applicants who are hungry
and needy and desirous of obtaining employment ave glad
enough to submit to the work test, Only to a amall extent is
food distributed from the kitchen. None avo lodged in our
ts have been made with respectable res
lodging-houses, and meal and lodging tickets are
building. Arvangem
taurants ani
‘The table on another page will show the statistics of ves:
‘vation in our aid department duving the sear. Statisties, bow.
ever, give but an inadequate iden of the results of work of this
kind. A fuller presentaton of the relief work of the Asso
tion was glven in an article on “The Relensed Conviet,” by
Charles M. Skinner, statl conespondent of the Brooklyn Eagle,
the concluding paper in a sovies on “The Prisons of the
Nation and thelr Inmates.” written hy: him for that journal.
We re indehted to Mx. Skinner for taking te photographs,
and to the publishers of the Brooklyn Eagle for permission to
ding. ‘The unfortunate condition of the dis
-ged conviet Is forelbly set forth by Mv. Skinner in his open:
paragraphs.
Awan Report or te
Ran
eT
— P
worm FF
Puigos Assoctamos or New Yon 69
Like all else that pertains to the well being of the eximina},
the matter of ywoviding for fim after le has been set free has
received litle attention from the people. Yet It is a thing of ,
vital conseqnience, Shall he lie allowed to leava evil in a prison,
come back te us worse that wh went away, and be then
ko Vinthomaly #0 a disiviet Hat he formerly
redated? Hf be were always sent fo a veformatory we would
oot combict from hina, bie then he fe not always sent
thers, “Ou the contrary, he be geuveally sent to & prison where
the jutneements to letter Tiving are uninportant
he world leached with long confinement,
oustonied Tight, bis tiade forgotten or be
bis friends cold or sepellent, if he has
ax, or but a doliay oF two, and he knows that it
the fact of bis hnprisoument is discovered it will stand againat
him when le tries to obiain employment. He may kave been
living a life of isolation so long that the whole world has gone
past hin, and he goes biek Tato a comnaumity that dacs sot know
Inia nd’ that is surrounded by conditions he has hardly more
‘than heard of,
“One convict who left Sing Sing a while ago and who returned
to New York city had never accu, till that retura, an elevated
Hiroad, nor a izolles car, nor the Brooklsn bride, nor the
Statue of Liberty; the eight story tenements were ‘mew, the
asphalt streets were sometiting to wonder at, the saloons were
nove gorgeous and nore ardevly than they hail been, Broadway,
instead of being a proper aout of stveot with stages rocking and
Timbiing along the lenuth of it, was a voating canyon with 800:
foot cliffs of masonry beetling over it, and cable cars were
clanging, and there were ave lights everywhere, and i was all
startling and even terrifying. This man was as an infant in a
great Taahslon, knowing nor which way To nen nor what to do,
find every eonviet awho has served a term of several yoars fs Hike
him.”
Describing some aspects of one work at 185 Bast Fifteenth
street, Mr. Skinner says:
“Here a Hittle company of slvewd, experienced, practical, yet
sympathetic men meet the shorn and shaven delegates from the
penitentiavies, prisons and reformatarles, inquire Into. their
heeds and siiugele them Into places, There ka tnove work that
nch delegntes can do than even they realize, when they regain
their Liberty, At first a test of Some sort is pnt upon an appli
cant in order to see If he fs sincere, or If he ie a rounder or
recldivist. If he appears to be nuskilled aud of the laborer
class, he is put at work serubhing floors, . Tt is a curious fact
70 Aswwar Renoir oF sae
that a “bun” will not do this work. Lie will shy at it and sind
an exvuse fo rim twas. ‘The pai who really nicams to
pluce or tools and rloches to reaune his trade withal, wil de
what is asked of hin.
“OF ein ie ovitien atone theme applivants, ‘The
other day while 1 was eliacting with the Rev, kaumuel sf, Baavows,
thy wise and optinubstie secretary af dhe Jxsoctation, # fore
entered, Tt wine a rai, could das, aiud fhe was Tightly dressed,
Dut ropyed with a stovepipee hit just froin Tlackwell's
Island, Mie said, sd wold ke a trill warner
thas he Ha mat pot iat which
Would suie better Tham x tle with his stralghtoued civen
aatted in Pvcaicl and Teall
sbtaived the werded change, Te hai been
a8 well is i
Tn auathvr instance a Went Indian vane back to society ia
Famnaey, dresseal in stestw Beat and jaja
“One of the ywopertios of the Association Is a stovexoom
filled with rlothing. | Here it is possible co fe ont any applicant,
from the grvnad ny. fron he offerhiss that the ehavieable have
made, and the shelves contain coats oF miiny colors, bats of all
sizes and diversi shapes, vollaes, shoes, nnderclothes aud other
necessities, all numbered and thgged aevording to sia, aud all
respectable in appeatrance, At first the
In thelr generoaity and ave our sinall Sums of miones. but one
fof them trucked a few toa tlie cent
schooner honse jem Hft thele tankards of chemical
beer and dink @ health to the *gvern guys? of East Fifteenth
strect, After that mouey was uot distzibuted,
“The worthy fellow, wid there ave niany sitch, always bas a
Tain chance to seee employment, Several steamship coms
antes, contractors aid othe whe five mon by dozens and hun
juiayors were ready
Areds re always ready 40 listen ro applicants who ave the
Indorscment of the Assekttion, ‘The exprisoners are not
usually long about thr afiee, ‘They disappear presently, aad
‘there is a new soldine in one of the harbor forts, 9 new fireman
Ina hold of an ontgoing ship, a new pick and shovel man in the
tunnel workings, who fs a stranger 1 his males and who need
ot assenble them to Fisten to fhe story of his past unless he
wants to, and is proud of it
“Age thie men appreciative of what ix dene for them? Fairly
no, yes, Tt Js almost inpossiife to say hiow many of them give
the best proof of thei appreciation by avoiding appearances of
evil fovever after, ocanse hey deltt away to other States, or
hey die, ot they ship as sailors and disappeav im foreign lands,
or they change ther names and become bak presidents, of
Pnisos Aseociattox of Naw York u
something, but St ie thought that 50 per cent, of them reform,
Rome cutinasiasts hold out for 75 per cent. And even the sup
pnsed habitnal criminal may upact theories by beeoming. vir
tious over night and staying that way tll the end, sternly refus
Ing all chauiees to throw apa good Job and go buek to stealing.
There is, for iustance, an avckiteet not a thousand miles
vay who is muting at Keast $5,000 8 year at his profession,
ind who It not geucrally known, as why, indeed, should he be,
ty Nowiber bliwk from Clinton, where he served eight years for
‘Then there is a mail robber, an avwfal man, who served
isstine, humg aboot the rooms of the Association for five
otis, gots place under Ge goverment he had robbed, and
now at the head of an important public department, which
ee serves faithfully, honestly and capably; indeed, he fs a man
who is not oly trusted but respected for his Intelligence and
Ingeunity, Then, what do you aay to a professional piekpocket
nethe slickest fellow in the business; yon had to give your
wateh to hin whether you wanted to or not’—who is a hotel
Hetective carning ®2 a day, never straggling from the path of
vetitnde, trasted with everything about the place, and the
Terror of thieves, Yet that fellow served uo Tess than eight
terms in prison for thieving There's liope in everything and
for everybody
miiy its charter the Prison Association of New York is per’
tuitted fo erect amd carry on # workhouse for released convicts,
Init it has not deemed it Wise to aet ou this provision. 1¢ would
tend to keep rounders hanging ubout the place beseeching
Tharity, and make ton careless about looking for work clse-
where,” Tt would also tend to bring them into their own society,
which Is unwise,
ihe aan who applies to the Association for help seldom lies.
He knows it to be of Kittle use, Aud he Is generally willing 10
he square, He does enough work to pay for the tools, or to
hold his rlaim on the, when work as a mechanic is provided for
Trini, and he is anxious to escape from the world’s i
nly {he yrofessional eriitinal, the man who deliberately chooses
theft as a'ineans of Iiving, who is auvogant or revengetul. One
buch deflantly said fo an agent, who, after the custom, visited
hhim in prison just hetore his release, to juquire about his fami
and prospects, ¢ Yes, I can get work outside, but 1 won't take it
What do thes give me? A dollar and a half a day. 11 steal
Stat? ‘That is the kiud of fellow that a more advanced society
inay permanently seelude from its advantages and deliberations,
Set when that kind of inan is @ political boss, how tamely we
ut up with him!
nm Axvat Repout of aun
“Regarding the mental attitude of the prisoner, it is surpris
ing that so few of them show bitteruess, Me. Barvows saya: «In
Sing Sing 48 iu Si of the mien confess that they are justly
Pouished, I find Ttrle of a sevengefil attitude toward society,
and even the Judges snd prosecuting attorneys ave looked upon
fas necessary pnts ut thu legal machinery, who act without pre)
hwwwever, yon will Md that some one person
ed a vohvict's enmity, aud there ave threats of retalla
ion; but usually it is 9 aeitnegs for the prosecution. us Hie com
plainant, and nut the oficers of the lav, who wre held im such
Aislike.’” Aud wien a complainant shows welmrity, de you
wholly blame the couviet that he feels a little move than sory.
and a little mad? Here, tor sa Jad of 19, who hos
Teen serving & laifavear sent Appropyiating: 83 from bis
employer. He yielded to a sudden temptation and was after
ward sorry and ashamed. He wonld have paid the money back
and possibly will do so vet, Tht the punishment was dispro:
portionale, ‘This wis a case for the probation ofiecr, not for a
jury, His wis months fn the penitentiary were mouths of greater
heaviness heeause he never hened tn that time {vom his relatives
and suppoeed thes had vefesed to have anything 1
with him, though i happened merely that they had
Themselves bavied feom secing ov writing to him
““Briendly visits ave made fram time fo time by officers of the
Association to meu who have reformed, to befriend and encour.
aye them, Oue day an ex-conviet dvove to the office in his ear
Plage and said that the Association liad helped him, Now, he
wanted to pH out some of the money he had honestly earned, tn
befriending some one else
“Tt ia not to the credit of this country that so litile Is done
to help the convict who wants to lend x betier life, and that s0
much is dene by men hoggish of privileyes 10 Keep him
down in the Ife wherein he nds himself. The cowardice of
American officials in d with questions that are Tikely to
bring thew in conitiee wiih organized labor and their iadiiferonee
to the opluions of that far ueger class that represents. mor.
ganized Inbor is a bar to progress in poison management. Tt pi
Senta the proper employment and’ training and teaching at
prisoners and disqualifies them for uscfnl life after release.
‘There ix a little bronder spirit in Bnrope. and i€ hns been found
by Mr, Easrows that where work is active for the betterment
of discharged eonviets there are fewer recommattments to prison;
hence, a lighter burden for the taxpayer to bear; that where
relief associations exist there is a better prison management
and more active preventive measures; that the tendency of an
fon is to liberalize public sentiment and that of the
WHERE CONFERENCES
ITH, DISCHARGED,
PRISONERS ANE HELD.
THE LIBRARY.
Paisox Astoctattox or Naw Yore. a
various methods none promises better than the Swiss, in which
every discharged convict, who is not an habitual eriminal, way
have @ patron who slall be to hits a gwardian and friend.
Some day we shill vot anlikely sevlude or exile the incurable
offenders—theve are not many of them—aud to the others we
may, with good grace, extend a helping hand, realizing that,
in spite of their faults, which are often exaggerated, they are
mien and livothees.”
AS to the question raised in the previous article whether
recipients of ald are really grateful, it may be sald that many
prisoners are not demonstrative, but they appreciate neverthe-
less what is done for them. Many of them are not eapable of
writing, but those who are sometimes take the pains to send their
homes, Flere is anch a letter:
Dear Six.—Thongh the position T got is only temporary, ¥ hope
it will last long euongh to pnt me on my feet again,
Fam grateful to the N.Y. B.A, for the hun
shown in my ease, and thank yon in particular for your kindness
‘and consideration in helping me to keep my head above water
in my struggles.
From now on it will be sink or swim, but 1 do hope to bave
the pleasure of seeing yon again, under brighter circumstances.
‘Yours truly,
MLD.
P, SI got the shirt from L,, thank you.
‘A man came {o us who bad not only been in prison, but had
been sick while there. He was discharged In cold weather and
needed clothing. He was given an evereoat and other garments.
We received a few days after, the following letter
My Dear Sir.—So long as you forgot to tell me your name when
1 got my enats, I know Fou Will exense the abroptness. T looked
so spruce and up-to-date that I fally hope to be settled by some
time tomorzow, having had two promises to that effect, but of
course want (0 wait HILT get there before being too thankful
Now what I wonld like to kuovr fs, eam you aid me with two oF
three bowls of soup till 1 see where Tam at? My last penny
Js gone and I ad only 2 cup of coffee and two ertllers today
for all dag, unless some good angel meets me before night time,
Tam aot ashamed to ga inta any office now, but the “ inner man”
fs cansing trouble, T want to tell you I more than appreciate
Te Ansvan Rerowr or aus Panos Asoctariox or New Yorr.
the coats, gloves, ete, and am move thaw cuntident I will soon
be settled in « position dat will pay me well. Flauanage to got
aon wiehont tlhe wep a little lite inside, and
aus Tum wot thnifeky tn this yespeet, Fsdulll mone than appreciate
what Leket yea may send nue, As T many be working to-morraw,
Fin unable 40
to mils ot gooil show. i
x hours, in other words, dn't want
tit, even if 1 have ny brealtast,
WA yout Riudly let vie har fiom sou by: coanuevune evening in the
enclosed envelope and oblige? ‘The next 48 hours is going to be
my hardest, but 1 howe for the lost aad as soon ae Dean get
salaried place wil ut yon kaow
Had T have presented my letrer when it was written, 1 would
have eeu setled cre this, but J hate to ask favove till it gets
down to the last motel
Thanking you 4 thousand thes and assuring you 'm more
thon tying fo do my best.
Sincerely,
GELS
‘The following letter, from a lady deeply interested in the last
correspondent, and who is also a prisum workex, was received:
1 do want to thank you for your great kindness te
We scarcely knew: hifin when Jie came to Bave tea with 0s, He
Jooked #0 nice all dressed up, even to gloves, and Tam sure * Our
Father’ will bless you for clothing a poor brother in such bitter
ery well, and 1 trast ll sou bw able to help
himetit, Mele teyioe bned, poor fellow, nnd seamg io appreciate
our Binduen and tate,“ hope he il prove hig graitude,
He isan inteligent man, an expert tspewriter, and be ought to
succeed.” "
IME
THE TREATMENT OF THE CRIMINAL.
Rusouw of tix Cosaurrney oF tu Nartoxat CosrEnexcr oP
Cuanrris asp Commuertos, ny Cuantros 7. Laws, ULD.,
In this generation a complete revolution is rapidly taking
place in the method of dealing with criminals on the part of
neganized society, Theongh the greater part of the nineteenth
centney the animating principle in such dealings has been the
innishnent of offences; that is to say, the primitive and tra-
Gitioual impolse to inflict Injury as a vecompense for wrong
has been accepted in social and legal life, and made the basis
of legislation and adwinistention. The prineiple has found sup:
port in religions feelings and theological notions, which are
vartly innate and partly traditional. It has been earvied very
fur, and many penal codes have been formed upon the theory.
that it is possible to define evimes and misdemeanors, to appor-
rion to each by name its relative goilt and to afix to each
grade of pnnishment proportioned to its guilt. The absurdity
of {his entire system of thought has no doubt been clearly seen
ful minds from the firsts 5 theories
have been devised to support the penal systems founded upon
it, independently of the doeteine of retribution. The only one
of these which ean be said to have taken root in the geneval
nvind is Ghat the object of the punishment of criminals is to
Acter others from committing similar offences. It is assumed
that whenever a man commite 0 crime st is the right of soclety
fo make bin an example, to use him as a means of preventing
others from offending. The theory is frequently illostrated by
the stoxy of a Boitish judge who, when the horse thief remon-
ust the sentence that he be hanged, answered, “T
strated ag
76 Axsuat Reront or tan
hang you not for stealing a horse, but that horses may not be
stolen.”
‘This notion, howeve
i las uever commented itself to philosophie thinkers. Move
Is 80 confusing to the moral sense that
over, an appeal to facts fails to justify it. Tt fs known to all
who have cavefully stnilied the eviniinal class, thei instinets.
habits and motives, Wat tw instances its which en are
deterred from urhoe by the apprehension of legal punishment
fare but few. Such penalties may have some deterrent effect
upon those who alwiuly have strong infinenees for good in tele
social position and associations, hut not to any important extent
‘upon Vabitaal erimiuats
In the light of sovial svienee our penal codes are without
consistency ov justiiication, And if these eodes are considered
historically the Investigator is suprised to find that they have
never been founded upon
eaoned system of thought, but
have grown up af the result of cfrewmstances and accidents,
Tt Is but a few generations since imprisonment as a penalty
for offences may be sald to have bea maknown, ‘The punish.
ment for evime 60
isted of whipping. of the pillovs, of personal
mutilation, of exile, of fines, Prixous were used to detain pris.
foners and witnesses, but the linpulsonment itself was not
regarded as a peualts, As enstoms beeame suitixated and
refined, and as the barbarian of the penalties commonly te:
Bicted began to revolt the avowing anivit of humanity, impris:
fonmient gramnily took the plnce of ather punishments, wutfl in
Most of the penal vodes oF the efvilized world It is aow etther
exclusively ar aluost entisvly smiscituted for phystea! sulfer
ing. Tu recent yeas attempts have been made hy able legis:
Antors and thinkers 70 graduate move ecawately the degrees of
‘eviminality involved in partienfor offences, to define then with
orton the penalties to them with move
greater eiue and 10 peor
relation to emrvent voncepiions of justice. Bat every: snch
effort is in its natnre condemned to failure, Tt has become
more aud more obvions that a particular act legally defued as
ap offence, proved to a jury, and wade the basis of a verdict of
Prisox Associavios on New Your. 7
guilty and of the sentence of the conrt, ean in no ease furnish
A measure-of the desert of him who commits it. The grossest
iaexnalities in the terms of imprisonment assigned to particular
Hences are found in the comparative legislation of different
States, amd inequalities no less great in the Jadicial adminis.
tration of each State where @ discretion is intrusted to the
jndge. No classifieation of offences can constitute 1 classifica
tion of offenders; and the effect of a period of imprisonment
pon the mind and charaeter of @ puisoner can in no cage be
Foresven, nor can it he asanmed that the effeet, whatever it be,
is proportionate to the length of the imprisonment,
Meanwhile the positive evils of the system of wholesale
imprisonment of olfenders, as now generally practised, become.
ove prominent the move they ave studied. Practically, the
vast majority of our prisons are but achools of eriminality.
Nearly the whole of the eviminal class, recognized as euemies
vf society, ane the graduatvs of these schools. Imprisonment
in itself has no good effect upon the prisoner's character. Tt
arnishes no stimulus to gaod conduct or check upon evil
otives; but it is an unnatural Iife, aud the vast majority of
those who are condenined to it degenerate under its influence.
Add to this that even if it were the most wholesome and bene-
Hefal life of which the
the practtee of consigning them to it for a time predetern
without regard to individual chavacter or special circumstances,
solely in reference to the uae which de law assigns to the
partieniay act, would rob it of all ite value. If it be assomed
that te effect of prison life is good upon the character, then
should be applied for just 80 long a time as it
inmates of the prisons ar
will continue to be beneficial,
Tut the entire subject, in order that it may be comprehended
as a cousistent whole, mnst be studied upon the basis of recog:
nized prinetples of social science. The object of the dealings
of society with evime is to proteet society against the eriminal,
to eliminate exime. If this be admitted, it is obvious thet, if
prisons are to nd a place im the system of criminal juris
78 AssuAL Revore on ‘run
Pradence, it must be a¥ @ means contributing to this end
Doubtless they may to some extent be made sett for suct
a purpose,
as he is in prison ts disarmed.
His warfare against society is suspended. Abwurd as it is to
send bin to prison far a predetermined period, it umst be ad
mitted that there arv many men whose characters sind bablts
fave such (init it fs best for aueiety at laege to keep them in cow
fnement, ‘There cus be no justidieation whatever for finprison:
ing a niin unless lis confinement ix necessary to protect the
rights of others. ft follows nee
wily Unt the duration of
the confinement must be determined by this necessity. Eve
sentence to imprisonment shonid be ended only by the attain
ment of fitness for frevioin, ‘Thin is the prinetple of the
indeterminate sentence, #0 called, which Is already reeoguized
to a limited exte
fu the legislation of several countries and
of several States of the Union, list which bas as yet but a nar.
row and pi
etlak application. ‘The principle is universs
mately associated with this, and whieh
dually foveiug, its way fto recognition, is that of
probation for venvieted offenders, On the vast majority of
those who are detected in violations of law and byought before
Another principle in
is also gs
the conrts to answer for them it eannot be said with teath tha
it is a danger to society for them to bw at large. In every auch,
case it ix a wrong to The ofenier to send him to jail A fae
better course Is th extend the paternal and pratecting eare of
the Stace over suet eases throngh the a
ney Of responsible
and trained officers for sich fline as is nevessary to obtain the
Assurance that their jiermanent feredenn is consistent with the
Fights of others, Jn this spieit the well-known Probation Law
of Massachusetts has been framed, and it is gradually finding
imitators in the lexislatores of other States, giving hope that
it will xoou be in general practice. Ite resulta have already,
in the very partial application which it has foimd, proved extra
ovdinarily beneficial. It has done anuch to diminish juvenile
offences and erin
es in Massachusetts and im England, and
Pnisox Associatiox or New Yor, 9
promises to be oue of the most potent methods by whieh the
State enn seek to eliminate eviminality.
‘The system of pavoling prisoners under conditional release
ave served part of their terma with eredit has
J pritetised jn many countries, Tt has been
tory work of well
after they
Ieudy been wid
fooud an important auxiliary to the veforma
condaried penal institutions. But its best use ts in connection,
muquestionibly, with the indeterminate sentence, When an
offender is found of such a character that he cannot safely be
loft in feeedom, but after proper moval and industrial training
in a reformatory institution has given evidence of his eapacity
and disposition to support himself honestly, he should obtain
employment, snbject in case
of any inregmiavity to he vetmrned fo prison, but with the privi
lege of eaening 1 complete restoration to independent social
life after 4 sufficient petiod of trial. ‘This process in comne!
tion with the best veformatory institutions of the country has
een found to result in the entive reestablishment of a large
niajovity of those to whom its benefits have been extended,
‘These principles necessarily imply that the internal adminis-
tration of prisous shall be directed to the education of the
Inmates and their training ia regular and prodnetive industry.
Bach one of these exsentinl reforms deserves an elaborate dis
‘cussion far beyond our present limits. ‘The necessity, however,
ine is generally recog.
conditional release, with prog
fof these improvements in prison diss
nized; and the chief diffienlty met in promoting them is that of
obtaining wardens, offeers and employees competent in all
respects for the work, ‘These positions require not merely
Ligh iucellizence and reat strength of churacter, hut also a
profound knowledge of nmin nature and a special training i
the methods of dealing with its degenerate and pecverse forms.
‘The administeation of the indeterminate sentence, at is well
understood, requives peculiar Intelligence and training Hf the
very diflenlt task of detert so
veformed as to justify release is to be entvusted to the prison
authorities, It is notorious that the worst criminals are some.
ining when a prisoner
80 Axnvar Ruroxr of tax Pruso Assocation or New You.
times able to pat on the garb of penitence and reform so as to
impose on a observers, Upon this subject all that
needs to he said to-day is that in social life every special need,
whether of character or of intelligence, ultimately produecs its
‘own supply, and that if the true principles of penal legisla
are adopted and vigorously carried into effect a body of men
competent in all respects fo administer these laws will gradu-
ally be raised up for the porpose,
‘Taken together, the principles we have suggested constitute
1 lays and ave destined completely to
wansform the method by which society at large deals with
crime, We hold, therefore, that every reformer should direct
his efforts not merely to the Intredeetion of detailed Improve.
ments in on prisons ov in one penal Inws bm? to the accomplish
ment of the great revolution, now clearly in prospect, whieh
shall embody these wholesome and demoustrated principles in
the legislation and practice of the State,
Chariton 7. Lewis,
RW. MeClanghry,
3.1, Tare
©. L, Stonaker
J.W. Wiis,
Z. R, Brockway,
Roelit’ Brinkerhor,
a new ersten of pe
INS
OFFICE.
PRISON SUNDAY.
‘The National Prison Association of the United States, while
under the presidency of the late Rutherford B, Hayes, exPres!
dent of (he United States, feeling the vast importauce of secur
Ing the cooperation of Oe great Dody of churches and church
members it giving effect to its fundamental principles of
protection of society
the clueches of the United States to set apart the last Sund
nd the reformation of the prisoner, urged
y
fn Oclohce as prison Sanity, Phe Invitation was accepted i
mumbor of Skies, sant Tas become a regular feature of the
yuurly calendar of some of fhe ehuvehes, In order fo «all atten
tion fo this day and advise Its obwervance by the eburches a elt
cule was Kent ont by (iy Association to about six kmndred
ministers and churches in (he State, One object of the day is
to thongitfatly and cavetully consider every aspect of the prob:
Jens of crime; anather object Ia fo enlist eympathy for the
prisonce and to scone Better support for the organizations
which sre working for his reformation.
Phe mumber of ehoweches whieh responded to this appeal was
small compared with Uie anmber addressed. disburse
ment for postage, printing, and Inhor amounted to $99.17, and
fw collecting reveived fem the charehos amounted to $119.56,
39, Financially considered the return
leaving # balance of
vas small, but the educative value of observing sucht a day in
diffusing information and developing public sentiment cannot
be estimated in dollars and cents.
tis not always convenient f
the date assigned, aud in some instances sermons
aspects of penology have been preached on other Sundays of the
yeiir, and contrilvations have been wade at other times,
It is a pleasure to note the promivence which was given to
Jrurehes and ministers to keep
82 AvsuaL Revour or tux Paso Associstiox or New Yorn,
the day and the theme in St. Andrew's Episcopal chmveh in
Rochester. ‘The sermons delivered hy the rector, Kev, A. 8,
at both the morning aud evening erviees Of this
voted to the subject, his morning theme being
“Prison Material
Both of thiese sermons were printed in ful, the morning sermon
aud the evening thee * Prison Methods,
in the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, and the evening sermow
in the Rochester Union and sadrertiaer
Ia his morning discourse Dr. Ceapsey presented varions con
Gitions and Influences which are feuitful sourees of prison
mate ance, environment, personal neg
leet and ind laws, Te called attention to etimmology na “a.
acience to which nable minds are giving themselves jnst a8 noble
ke sludy of medicine
‘al, emphasizing inher
minds have always given themselves to
and the practice of st
In bis evening discnsse Dr. Crapsey set forty with great
feness principles and methods whieh
As this sermon
clearness and effec “
‘eswential to the vefornstion of the prisoner
was delivered in answer to the request of this Association, and
fs it is admirably adapted for instruction and inspleution, Ww
resent it heve in full
PRISON METHODS.
A Sinnwo by Rey. Anonusox 8. Gt.
Eniscorat Cuvncu, Rocursran, N.Y.
vewy, D. D,, oF St, ANDREW'S
Rey. Algernon 8, Crapsey, in compliance with a request of the
New York State Prison Association, preached a sermon on
prison reform from the following text: “Iwas * * © alck
tal in prison and ye visited me not.” Matthew xvi, 43. ‘The
preacher ead:
As one crosses the Bridge of Sighs from the Doge's Palace to
the prison of old Venice and goes down into the dungeons there
ho wonvlors what kind of men they were who put their fellow
men in auch dark and loathsome places, It seems to us of
today that the real eriminal was not the man in the dungeom
ue the man who put him there,
We have the same feeling when we read of the rack and the
thumb screw, of the heatings and the brandiag, of the breaking”
tw the wheel and the buring at the stake, whiek were the tor
Lures aud the pouishments inflicted upon the vietlns of the Jaw
in ancient and mediaeval times, We are glad that we were not
sd cruelty.
‘The modern world differs greatly from the ancient and
digeval in its conception of evime and in its attitude toward
the criminal. Tt looks upon crime as partly the fault of the
criminal and partly the fanle of the society which produces him
o thinking of the eviiinat if talkes into account his inheritance
ndings, and finds, if it can, mitigating circum.
horn im those days of darkness a
and bis sue
stances which commend the offender to a mexelful judgnent. I
das to
the estimation of modern thonght no man ean be so ba
ven the lowest ave to be treated
lore all his righis as a man.
a human beings,
Axsuan Revere or rae
Whatever punishment criminal may have to endure, i8 or
ought to be
is not vengeance, but reformation, It Ie or should be the jaten:
Hicted upon bin for lis own good. Its purpose
tion of the Inw fo correct the Dad habits and root ant the evit
principles from the wart and life of the prisoner, and so to
make @ repetition of his bad actions impossible, In dealing
With a eriwinal the State may also have in view the good of
society, It may inflict punishment as a warning to others that
they may take care not to follow the evil ways which have
brought the prisoner te Wis doon
It is only recently that prisoners have been looked upon as
objects of pity aud conmisnration
fons the Tater
Peixon reform really dates
avt of the eighteenth century, VO was Tol
Howard who firsh roused the attention uf western eheistendem
to the frighttnl condition of tis prisons. ‘This good man hieeon:
ing acquainted, as a peave oficer of his vounts, with the abuses
Of prison Tife, spre bis Lime al slvengeth hy the interests of
the poor weetehes Wun the kav a
and left to the tender me
Tul ¢nst into font dens
4 uf bynlal jailors. From the days:
of John Howani aut hit imwediate stevessar ie he work of
prison reform, Hlizabell: Mey, (he iuprovement of prisow condi
fins and the salvation of (hie prisoner Intve engaged Che
thoughts and enlisted (he efforts of the wisest aud best men an
women in the world
‘The consequence of all this effort is seen im be wore humane
treatment of prisoners and im the decrease of prison popmlation.
According to the report of the New York State Commission of
Prisons, the prison popwlation af the State wf New York on the
Ast of October, 1800, wns 10,701, Jy 1895 the same populatio
Was 12,661, showing a dececase of 1,900 in five years
figures include all prisoners, those confined awaiting
well ag those who are serving under sentence of the court.
Pusox Asvociamox or New Your. 5
State Commission says: “Hind the population of the pepal insti
tutions kept pace with the increased population of the State
since 1895 the Inmates of the prisons would have been approxi
‘The cost to the State and
rounties of arresting, convieting and maintaining 4,000 addi
ional peisouces would be approximately $800,000, annually.”
Here coxtainly is a fact whieh should encourage every lover of
mankind. We can safely say that the prison population of tle
country Is steadily decreasing; fewer and fewer men each year
Iwcome Hable to the penalty of the
mately 15,000, instead of 10,7
‘The cause of this improved state of aMfairs is doubtless to be
fond in the better conditions of life provailing in the United
Giles. ‘The public schools, with tele more reasonable methods
of Wwaching, the prosperous conilision of the commercial world,
lie taste for athletic and outdoor sports, all contribute to the
nneral improvement of morality and the diminution of exime,
Ene (his desivable result is due also to the wiser methods of
dealing With incipient erhniiats, OMmecrs of the aw ave eavetul
Hol to pass a criminal charge against a man, and especially a
young mam, if Hhey can avoid it. I have known officers of the
Taw to take great and proper pains to save a aan from the
shame of nevest and imprisonnient,
(his may of corse be done from a bad mative, and in the
rest of the criminal, but in the eases T have in mind the oBicer
acted from the hest motives and for the highest good of society.
Every officer of the law kuows that the worst place in the world
to send a man is to prison, and s0 does what he can to prevent
It, And when n man Is arrested and confesses his guilt the
onset keeps him ont of prison if It ean possibly do so, Sentenee
Js suspended and the offender is allowed to go out on parole,
There is an officer appointed to look after these men, to help
Hem in every way to regain their place in the world. This
nmane system, which is now well organized in the State of New
York, does mueh to keep dowa the prison population.
88 Axyeat, Revont or one
Another device of the lay which is very helpfal in shortening
‘the term of prison residenee is what is known as the indetermi
nate sentence, ‘The seittence names the shortest period a nan
must serve, and Uhe longest that he may serve. Bot within
that period he may by discharged at any time by the prison aw
thorities If they are convinced that he is wady for liberty.
‘These and other like provisions of the law show that the steady
tendeney of legislation looks to the reformation of the prisoner,
and not simply his pnnishnwent.
But although mneh has been done, much still remains to
be done in the way of improving wv yrison methods. In the
good old times if a man wis (ken sick, the Brse thing the doc
tors did was to blecd lm. Ly this process they inade a weak
‘man weaker and lessened his chance of recovery. Many au
was sent in this way to au untimely grave, Now we
suing the sime course with vegavd to the erivrinal
man who has little self respect, anil by our prison methods we
take away whut Hite he bas, We degrade itn in bis own €)
and in the eyes of all who see him. We very often put kine
under the charge of brutal men and subject bim to debasin
treatment, and then iu due ting tarn him loose upon the world
a confirmed exhuinal. ‘The prison hae completed the work of
demoratization.
Our prisons themselves eoutribute to this deplorable result
‘They ave great, sloomy piles in the center of some populous
town, or surrounded by a large rural population, Their very
walls speak of miscy and shame aud degradation. Some of
these prisons have been slanding for years, and are saturated
with vice and wickeduess. ‘The very stranger walking through
their corvidors feels himself contaminated, Those corridors
are haunted by the memory of eountless erimes.
Prison officers tire, too frequently, men Ly no means eaten:
Inted to elevate the moral and spiritual tone of the prisoners.
‘They are without special training, appointed too often for politi
Paisox Assoctanios or New Yorr. 8T
al reasons, and think of the prisoners as simply a means of
livelihood. ‘The one thought of such officials is their own ease
soul their own dignity. ‘They ave absolute authority over the
prisoners in their eharye, and wuany a story could be told of
insult and onteage visited by some brutal keeper upon some
prisoner fay less brutal than himself
Another and most fruittnl canse of prison degradation is the
enforced idleness of the prisoners. If is almost impossible to
peat of this outrage npon humanity iu measured terms. One
despairs of mankiud wh fows that the Legislature
of @ great State, im obedience to a popular clamor that was
without reason, forbade the prison popatation to engage in use:
ful and profitable employment. Sue a lav Is a diageace to our
statmte books and slionld be remaved at once. If there were
abuses under the old contract system, Tet such abuses be cor-
reeted; let the State itself employ these wards of the Stat
useful and profitable work. ‘The State prisons Inste
A source of expense should be profitable to the State, these
10,000 men shonld earn thelr own living, pay the expenses of
wrest and couviction and have beside a sum greater of
less at Geir disposal when they leave the prison
By idleness and by goliinde we are doing all we ean to com
plete the ruin of those who are already near enongh to destrue-
tion. In our own penitentiary, which is accounted one of the
best in the State, the oficlals of whlch are men who are trying
to do their whole duty hy the prisoners committed to their care
and who deplore as much as 1 do the system which they are
compelled to enforce, the men ave locked in their cells at 6
o'clock in the summer and at 5 in the winter and are kept there
until 7.80 the next morning—from twelve to thirteen hours in
absolute idleness and solitude. It is appalling. I know that
if 1 were subjected to such treatment for six months I should be
a moral wreck and my constant wonder is that the moral nature
is able to survive such an experience and the prisoner ever
88 Axxuan Revone ov THB.
recover his moral tone, One i alas
ancient. sys
st ready to say that the
an of lorture was better than this, ‘The tortured
his pain, Tint what shall
We Bay OF A MyHoM Which kenge x una sell fed, deprives him
uri
rn was esnnobed and purified
Une day of seul cine Firing weenganCion snd Une alias
luim ap teow ea
fond thghie of a whutey evening atid sum
ise the nest moving, iv a nareuw ell Will WO other eompstnion
than Lis own evil thoushis? Words easnat deseribe the wieked
folly of such a system
We suggest as lines of progress in prison methods fist the
f the sclevexpect of the prisoner. Tis
wition. ‘The steiped suit
oat Ho prisons gael shan
caveful preservittion
ress should MOL De a baelye ot ah
whielt has 90 lon ive place a
nifornt Chit hae wot ihe evi sssiekations, a wniforuy of oh
the prisoner conlt hw: proud lasteaul of ashamed. ‘The prisoner
should nol be eubjevted 10 any shanietul personal treatuteat
Anything like inmecnmuny exymuire shonld bwavaided. ‘The
Aiseipline of He prison should ess foe as possible init.
‘The prisoner should lave his morning roll call and bes evening
parade. He shoud be called by hik name, not bya mumaber. Ee
sliould be wade 0 feel every day that he isa aman, capable of
Prisons should never be built near centers of population.
‘They should lw in remote parts of the countsy, in the sudst of a
Targe acreage of ground, surrounded by stockades, guarded by
sentinels aud away fron tlh reich of eurions people, ‘The State
of New York should destroy at ouce is two prisone at Sh
Xing with exiuinality
Sing and Anbu, ‘These prisous are
and are fou with evil associations; their names are names of
evil onten, ‘They should be leveled to the yround
sstend should be built liouses in the widst of geeen ficlds, where
the influences of natuxe would aid in the restoration of the
moral health of the prisoners. I was speaking to one of our
ad in the
Pisoy Assoctatiox op New Yous. 89
wisest judges and he said that the destruction of Auburn
prison could not eome too soon for the good of the State.
1. ig absolutely aecexsury thatt the officials of the prisons
honk he nici rained lo thee work, I would be just as, sensi
Iie yes, far more seusible—to connait the eare of a hospital to
sue farmer or kuwyer or merchant oF politieal worker, as it
is to commit the eave of one yrisons to mel men as these.
No mint shonld be Chought of for prigon employment until he
has born schooled (his Work, ‘There should be institutions
lowest
Gurkwen should have at knowledge of criminology, and they
host looks pon Cheit Insinest with all the pride of a proves:
fons, hey ate dealing with moral and spivitust diseases they
lence sid of the soul. No great
Tor Ue training of prison officials, all except the ver
shutele ie ply wiefaais oF Ue eo
looked for iv prison life util every prison
dicks | is Lesined Lo) is work aml Tooks upon it as at profession.
‘ue proper cauplayuicnt of Ihe prisoner i aliolutely meces
1° Tape: ot Iris mnaral recovery, amd -any employment
ht oil] henetit iy sioral mature nus be useful and profitable,
More gurrying of stones frou place to place or walking round
sang be
aie (he mun whe does it. A
inv vireo ex do not lsing, but de
prison shonld pwoduce all shat it eonsmines. ts food, its cloth
the prison and
should be used
fn the vavious
ing, fly fneaitnve of all Kinds, should be made
y the priaonens, ‘The most approved machines:
In this work. ‘The prisonees should
arts andl industries. ‘They should be anade to understand that
if they would ext they aims work, and Ghat their comfort in
the prison and their specry discharge fon It would depend on
tity of thely work. No other mode of dis
line of nature whieh
ithe quatily and ys
cipline can ever fake: the place of the dise
ls the discipline of work
Nature says work or starve. ‘To escape starvation men go to
work, and by means of their work thelr whole mature is de
ald be the method of training in the prison ak
veloped. ‘This sh
it is in the outside world.
90 Axxvar Raromt or tue Pxrtos Assoctiniox or New Yor
We have now to consider in conrlosion the relation of the
citizens of the Stute to the prisoners uf ue State, ‘These two ave
members of the sue organic suviety, ‘They wet and react on
each other, At present éhey are utluval eneuios, The erluinal
preys mpou the citizen a the citizen avenges hinsel€ upon the
prigoner, ‘This wayfave will eontinnw itil Hhe citizen looks npou
the prismicr. uot altaxet lier ak abe enenny, IP ge an erring
brother, and givvs him al chanv ty carn aw honest living iy the
world, Prison associations stunt fu this attribute toward the
prisoner. ‘The mien aud woe of sissoinstons wait at
the door
riewd and give sins a ely
f the prisons saul
ad atid i tals way’ ty to ebange
hin fron st exiniin
Hinto
Awsthiding citizen, Tat the present
00d work go on and the time must es
piss away With the yek and the the
‘That day may be fw away, be it isa day to dream of, to work,
ama to pray for. Hy showing Kindness hore and fheve to a
when the peison will
brother whe has fallen we sh
the prisoner shill zo fou trun Wis prison honse to walk in the
ight and the ai of the world whieh God has an
among free wer.
all ourselves Intsten the day when
de, 4 free man
NEW LEGISLATION.
Tho corresponding secretary, Samuel J. Barrows, hae eon:
teibuted to the bulletin prepared hy the New York State Library
a seview of new legislation enacted thronghout the country com:
coming crimes and offenses, ‘This review, with that of many
otlice writers covering the whole field of legislation in the United
ates in the year 1901, is published by the University of the
State of New York. It is not thought necessary to repeat it
here, As there is much interest, however, in other States in
regard to the subjects of probation, the indeterminate sentence
md yarole, we present the text of laws passed by the Legisla
ture of New York in the year 1901 on these subjects.
‘The following is the full text of the Probation Law of New
York, passed April 17, 103, to go into effect September 1, 1901
‘To facilitate comparison with the older portions of the Code af
Criminal Procedure whieh tlsis act amends, the new matter is
underscored,
Ax Ax to amend the code of eriminal procedure, relating to the
appointment of probationary offleers aud dedining their duties.
"ocame tw, Avl 4%, 2061 wth thera of dhe Goveruor. Pansed,
‘The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and
Assembly, do csiacl as follows:
Section 4. Title one, part one of the code of eriminal procedure
is hereby amended by adding theeeto a new keetion to be known
tas section elovena, fo read as follows:
§ 11a. 1, The justices of the comsts having original juris
iction of criminal actions
Assuan Ravowt ov sna
hold such ofice during the pleasuye of the const or Justice mak
i
from among private citizeus, male ar fem
Of he vwuet waking Che appoiutnent
Gepatios, asriniants oF elutky of the disteiet aliomicy’s ollie iu
the eouniy wherein the euurt making (he apyoiiioent is held,
Any officer or menor of the police duce of wy city oF incor
porated \illqge who may he detailed to daly iu mich antes, of
any constable oF peace officer, muy be employed as grulttion
Gilkey Nyon the ordew of sniy EoueL oF jstive aw herein provided,
No probation oficer sppwiuted under th pro
ion all feeeive eummpennsation Fat hie service ae
an aficer, bul Hhis shuth wot be: constsned bw eeyriy
Gee oF CoUrE aswiataNL a AMY’ olliver, Mbpiahy wssiatanl we OF
OF a diateiet attorney alice, tw any oliver cy member of the
lice force, Wr Ny Foistable oF peace oflicre, appointed proba:
Hon officer ss herein pravided, fron veewivinge the slay oe com.
pensation atlached To his sid oltctal coplayment -
2 Every prude Lint afiece x appoinied sbi l] whvia ou divectea
by the cous, fugue inte The wiitecedenity rhamicier wal wiles
OF persons oer the age of sixteen yout arvenstesd far a eriae
Within the jurisietion of the court appuiuting iv, wud
Feport Tine sau ty the entre i
Feport of all eimes Iuventiguted by: hin, v
is Gane OTe cit, milf fuly atic lion perovined UF
Bim im the Wischirge ol his ofiee, ax shall he prescribed ly. The
‘ourt oF jaxtive wulsing the i RGR 0
he eowvt oF juatiew wsngaing he De hs iene
Medd with the clerk rot, oF where
There Is no eferk, with the Justler the Hi favuinhs to
gach person released! on probation en 0 Tis eats, A
Writien etatement of The terme aud ronditions of his probation.
iS and conditions inpased by wai
bation ofcers
eave, The
& Soctlons four iundsed and elghty-tbree, font hundred and
ighty-seven, nine hundred and forts-one, nine hnudred and forty.
Virsos Assocramios oF Nw York. 93
two, nine Inmdved and forty-three and mine hundred and forty-
six of the code of criminal procedure, ave hereby amended to
read a allows:
§ 483. After a plen or verdiet of gulliy, In a case where a dis.
exetion iS canfersed ripon the court ay’ to the extent of the
pimishinent, the court, spon the sigzestion of either party that
there are ciremnstanicos, whieh may be properly taken lato view,
avation ot mnitigation @f the paitishment,
its diserction, hear the same stamarily at 2 specified tin
upon sitch notice to the adverse party as 4 may direct.
shill appear hy the
Diced or Ai Team Rr MC Ae ot seen SERS
fed of rxhuc, that ( 1 mit
court oii bate powar, fa Tv diaetion, a
fede om prebialTon 38th a 7
he stipented, Hie cour ndings
ie livect lint such spon
period of fine, aud nipow sich tevias and conditions a
Aeterwine, amid shall plare such porson_on probate
Stange ud sje sor of Te prob Clow olicer of wali court dar
ing stich siepension:
ao ‘rit i 40 wy @ fine and chat the defendant
1c inp © jai the owen TmporTig wT
Fenee, may diver Tar ceution of the sentence of ie
Prismnisint fe xinspenntod for such port of Tie, ae ew seh
iid shal place
oferta ou probation inter the clare avd eupervinion af the
mat shall be
cont before which, or the justice
etre whom, the pesson so convicted was convicted, oF his nue
‘seston, may, In its ox lus discretion, revoke and terminate such
probation, pow auch vevocation and termination, the cout
say, 1 the sentence baa teen soapend {ndigment
a ingest youl which the
defendant wie
Pronounced and the ex
ou Axsuan Reeory oe rate
court may revoke such suspension, whereupon the judgment
‘ball be in fall force aul effect for its umexpived (erm
GST AE the judgment be imprisonment, oF a fase and im
prisomnent ontil it be patd, the defendant must foruhwith be
committed lo the custody uf the prover offeer, and by kim
detained, nntil the judgment be vomilied with. Where, however
‘the court his suspended sentence ov where atter imposing
‘ence, the court hs suspended the execution thervof and placed
‘he defends ia
and elghiy-th
ait Tf over the
under the f the pe
mt on i, a provided Jn scelion four hnindved
de of eviwinal procedure, the deteud
Te plnece
<_ fovthow
dation and the compliaice with tho terms and condition of the
sentence or of the suspension Théteat. Wheve, however, lie pe
bation has been terminated, as provided in paragraph four of
und eighiy-tlwee of (ie code of criminal
Drocedire, aid Tie wmspens reat of ie
[and the judzinyt piviemnces, the det
vio od to the gislody- of the prope
Dy bin detained wail the Fragment be complied with
§ O41, Within ten days atter (he adjournment of any exdmainat
court of record in this state, the disteiet atiaruy of the county
in which the court shalt be held, shall Furnish to The clerk of fhe
connty a eevtied statewent containing th ‘all pessons
convicied of evime jn said conrts the crime for which conviete
Griether the convetton wns up tit ar atou a pia af eulty
nd wheth TE Mead aa Epeala oo CNA Neve nay plveed
obation; the cases in whieli counsel were assigned by Che
eourt fo defend the defendant; the sex, axe, nativity, reetdenee,
and occupation of the defendant; whether married ov singles th
aro living or dead; whether ter
whether before convicted or np
mn regarding them as nay seen
» order to obtain. information
WF he interrogated
trict attorney hefore judgment is prononneed, Me shall also
ied by the court
section four Inmndved
furnish to the clerk of the conve a ccvtis
I date of appotuiivent.
Prisox Assoergtion ov New Yous, 95
§ 942. ‘The clerk or the deputy elerk of the court of special
sessions in the city wid canuty of New York shall on or before
The fest day of Febritary, eightecs mndred and uinety-five, and
fnatterly thcteatter, transmit to the seeretary of state a taba
fated and certified statement, in the form preseribed by the see
siany of siate, entailing the name of every person convicted of
wot every person ayaiast whom sentence was suspended,
perso ped on probation in sich
siest, cighteew Inmdred and ninets-fo.
the date of the closing of wach Inat preceding quarterly reports
i eser pion of the offense of which siteh person was convicted
iether the conviction was npon # tial av upon a plea of guilty
Tid the ditte of the ronvietion; avd also a certified statement
ontaining: the names of all prolaion onicers appointd by the
alee 1 bythe
ampoin
rourd, with Hele adavess anit date «
Teche of the city winaininaves of
ic betore Betruary fest, nineteen Inunazed and one, sd anntally
hereafter, rransnit to the aeevelaty of state, a tabnlated state
nent Tunde from thei records, showing thé nuwnber of males
Inf females eouvicted of erie dnting each month iu the pre
iting uarter in the several courts nf such city magistrates;
fhe imaber convieted of each offense, the nmmber sentenced, the
htunaber Aved, the nnvber of Uiose against whom sentence W
ispended, and the miniber place on probation; and stall also
fornia a coviffied statement conlaining Ue anes of all pro
bation officars appointed by the magistrates, with thelr address
Emi date oT appointment. Such atatowcnts shall be in the form
TreserTbod De the acoretary of state
‘O47, On ov bwfore tle Jest day of February, elydhteen hn-
fad auarterls thereafter, the elerk of wach
ied: td
red and ninety-five,
hounty shall transmit to the sveretary of state a tabo
Natihed statement, in the form presevibed by the seeretary of
alate, of all the matters contained im the statements Med with
iurea by the district attorney of sich county after October
seh 6
‘and af the name
Ihivisivet, eighteen Invudred and ninety four
of ench person shown to he convieted by a eonrt of xperial Bes
Sion by the ecvtifeate ef conviction Med with him hy magie
rates Holding vonrts of spoelat sessions after October thirty
fest, cighicen Inudved and ninets-fonr, and since the date of the
Closings of eacl ast jweceding quarterly report made after Octo-
her thireefirst, elghtoen Iamdred and ninety-four, and showing
the offense for which each person was s0 convicted; whether the
conviction was upon a {rial or upon a plea of guilty; the sem
96 Awxuan, Revo or ome
ce Imposed, whether the act
whether the defeiidant was phiced on probation. Said ec:
Satement shail also contain the waines of all probation offeors
appointed hy sald courts of special soxsions. with Hiei addvexs
‘and the dle of
was suspended,
WG. The sorretary of state stall ranse Ui Cte Eo Ie pubs
lished wiih forms and juste tion of th
duties therein presevibed, anit copies thereof to be Tuenislied
annually 0 each county clerk, ‘The forms furnistwa by the see
rotary of state ag herein provided. shall contain in tabnlated
1 eamviefiont wily
iw eonvirtid, Ty
Court Defoe
ee a
had been previonsly convict
suspended, tr
ation an oe eon weve he prion Way
canes where the defendant wa pl
tog t her
fesuMieient number of The eaprowe
Hons, and of the forme to he
clerk or depnty clerk af the cour
‘and county of New York, shall a
to enable him to faenish at least one cop
the disteict attormey. and {he elerk at Mie contl of special sex
sions of the cily ant eonuly nf New York sind the analy elev
Shall distvibnte the copii of Huis dhe an of saeeh fons and
instenrtions aveordinely, aad when ori canny
salaried office his dishuesvinents arnt eoujeas
fees nailer this
the secretary af state Tn ymblisiing Unie 1
copies thereat, aml af snelt forims a
required, sinll be yal by’ {hie treasnver pon the
warrant of tle compleation, from woneys He tlie teases: ne
otherwise syaireprinted,
$3. All nets ae pacts of nels ineonsisionl with (hu provisions
of this act, in so far as inconsistent Cworewith, are heveby
repeal
§ 4. This act shall take effect September Mest, nineteen kun
dred and one.
by the distriet nttornes, or
Puson Assocraniox or New Your. 7
‘The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and
Axsoutly, do enact as follows
Section 1. Sections seventy four, seventy-five and seventy-six
of title two of chapter three af part four of the revised statutes
lating to state prisous as amended by ehapter Uiree Lundred
aud eighty-two of the laws of cighteen Imudred and eighty-nine,
ne het anid sy a fo ed a follow
74. jersou now confined In a state prison, oF in the
Tiacleei ee York Heturmaviry wales centeree tor dealt:
\ for a felony, the masimum penalty for whieh ig imprison
nicnt for five years or Tess, exelusive of fines, who lis never
refore been vonvieted of a crime punishable by imprisonment i
X state prison shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the board
ft commission igonees and may be paroled of
Uischarz fr and snbject to the same cond
Hons anil yenaities az prisoners confined under indeterminate
sutenees. The minum and maxinum terms of the sentences
of said prisonees ave heveby fixed and determined to be as fol
js: ‘The dedaite term for whieh eaeh euel person is sentenced
shall be the maximum limit of bis term and one-third of the
deduite ter of his sentence shall be the minimum
{ 75, The members of the state conmnission of prisons shail
coustitute a board of commissioners. for paroled
prisoners for the state prisons and the Eastern New York Re
ory and the board of parole constituted by section two
of chapter Hirce hundred and forty-eight of the laws of niueteen
Imudeed for the Eastern New York Reformatory is hei
abolisied. ‘The superintendent of state prisons shall appoint &
role officer for each prison. It shall be the duty of such off
to aid paroled prisoners in seenving employuient and to
Visit aud exercise supervision over them while ou parole and
ny shall have such authority and perform sueh other duties
* the board of commissioners for paroled prisoners may direct
The salnes of each parole oMeey shall uot excced twelve hue
Ged dollaes per aninm, which together with his aetal and
necessary traveling expenses, shall be payable from the main:
tenance fuad of the prison to whieh he is assigned.
§ 76. A majority of the board of commissioners of paroled
prisoners slall constitute « quorum for the transuetion of busi
hess and fhey shall meet upon dates to be fixed by them in the
months of January, April, July and October in each year, and
98 AxnuaL Rerozr ov rue Paisow Assootantox or New Youx.
at such other times ns they may deem necessars. Each prisoner
confined in a slate prison, of ih the Eastern New York Reforus
wa Upon the expt a form of bis sen
lieation to iu waiting and in soe
san pene ‘upon pavole, or
S Tievelnitier provided, and sie boar
‘uaing ane edhe form of app
in npn parole oF absolute dis
vein routained shall affect the right o¢ linbitity
water iwenty-oue o€ the Jaws of eighteen launder
is ot pasts of sets inconsistent with the provisions
heevhy repeated.
take effect September flest, nineteen hun
gi. This act
dred and one.
Ax Acr to amend the penal code reinting to the sentencing of
Nur York, represented in Senate and
The People of the
Aasombly, do envet os follows
Section 1. Title cighceon of
by inserting « new seetio
4
1 penat code is hereby amended
scetion six hundred
1 be kun
ad eighteen, nd to Yond as Follows
§ OSTA. A pevse fore convicted of 4 seime punish:
bie by Bapuigonateat sate peo, whois convicted ny
exelunive of fives ive ov Wess,
sentence’ to sta semfenced thereto under
am indeterminate = nv of whieh shall not be
less than ene veas i fixed by Inve, noe les
than sue sinn of which shail not. be
more tian + we fou whick Une erin
Inpeolabable of which the eftendey ix convieted sini
Timit of suck sentence sliall be x0 fixed ax to comply with the
provisions of section six hundved and ninety seven of the penal
code.
'§ 2 This act shall take edeet §
red and one.
eptember first, niueteen hun-
MEMORIAL TO THE LEGISLATURE.
lle the Legislature of the State of New York:
Executive Commitive of the Prison Assorlation of New York;
hat this organiation
18463 tlie upon it is de
sand examining under an
prisons Jn the State, aud of
‘der of the Supreme Coart all the
reporting auaualiy to the Legisla-
Inve their state aud condition, Your petisimners further declare
lat under the wuckovity of srk aw ordey anal in fulniment of
scl duty a comuiitee of this Association, tie chaitihnan of
which was a. physician, accompanied by an expert sanitary
engineer, visited aiid Inspected the State prison at Sing
N.Y, dairy 19, 1900, with a view to deterinine its sanitary
oudition, ‘The facts developed in this Investigation axe of auel,
eave hnportinee Lot only ta the inmates of Sing Sing, but to
the community at hurge, thet the Prison Assoeiation of New
York would fail of fis duty to the Legislature and to the public,
hint fo sily fa its sole diaty to the prisoner, if these facts were
hot hnmedivtely wyged mpon yout attention
In the fifty-sixth: aminal sepore of the Association, trans.
uitted to the Lexislatne daamtey 40, 1901, the conclusions of
comuittve and of the sanitary engineer, to
Testiuony af the warden and pliysician of Sing
Bhig were presented in fall and sme now ia priai, These
wporls show that Sing Sing prison is abyoluvely init for
niahftation, Te is shivonded in a chilling yell of dampness
smnlight never peneteates its cells aud hae not
soventyaix years. ‘The ells are dark, unventibvted eexpts
whic men ave compelled to exist on oue-thid the amount
hiv uecessay for the avenige nna being. Even this pit
inily sual suppl of aie is vitinied by fonl and poisonens odors
vn the Of sewaze and the deleferions emane-
Tne Fram de Geahnae dikised throughout he prison,
These daniserarsly wnhoalthy renditions which have engendered
Iyploid fever and tibievenlosis ave aggravated by the enforced
sxeverowding by which twa men ave obliged to aleep together
na space that wight answer far a daz kennel, but into whieh
o tuitty farmer would think in these days of immuring one
‘of his cattle, Neither the humane disposition of the warden
nor the continuous vigilance of the physician can overcome
100 Awsvat Ruvoxr or ee
these baletel conditions which are inseparable from the Yoca
ive seara ayo, Warden
we one a ble
derleyed tor contatiee tate
ates Chaves 1. Win
wm oedter stile thatthe pearon
forse theman amite sipple-af suntigin snd fresh ai Publi
Fatt tations, et the enble aie ajure poowidd for each couric
ihe prisoners-qee edouhled ny? the
This ie ver
before th
ation. The prevent of the ' ;
Indeprndent investigation sntisequent to That of ont cammuitec.
As a reanit ‘of the report of the prenide nf and of the testinony
mraisled by this Anearintion, the on
Sauuaey 50h. me siovnely passe th
Mm tiew of the condition af Sing Siu pelson,
by ihe fhets hvonaii before ne. we deem the sanitars conden
Mich'ne to-vender it yuft fo be eenpied by Inman hemes, and
Seconmnend that inwmediate. steps shontd be talento. remeds
These conditions.”
‘Tho putt press of ‘New York city and toughont the State
promplly supported the reasonableness of the demand Tent
Thur far no etion fo horn taken by tho ools thority whieh
tan effeetunily remedy the evil the Leaisiafare af the Beate
‘Ve call the atteniion of saut honaenbe fds to the Faet that
tue uftnees of the State prison nt Sing Sing i not a new ais
Cavers. Ty haw not anit been condemned by several of its wa
ene: bot by. the Sapovintendent-of Prisons and by the Con
thienion of Prisons, the. Stare Conmyianion of Peixon in its
rth onan report for 1809 says: «The old cellaionse or man
frison ie overeronded, damn, rnwholesamie. a disgrace to the
Binte. _\vnew oar should be hnilt with ail modern improve
ents jn beating, lighting, ventilation amd space.”
Puisos Association of Naw Yonx. so.
On the occasion of the Atieth auniversary of this Association,
held February 28, 1895, the following resolution was adopted:
lature of the State of New York to the w
State prison in the place of the one at Sing Sing. No money
spent npon the grounds and buildings can sake them adequate
ive importance that a
fo the 1eqnivements, Tt is of impera
tion be selected, whe
ws of prison avehitecture, and where the susonndings can
be controlled, and employment given to a portion at least of
the vonviets in outof-door work”
Tt cannot be suid, therefore, that this Association was unduly
opatient ov importunate, if after meavly six years, and with
ives and startling evidence as to these intolerable unsanitary
vile, now makes an urgent appes
peals of those who are most familiar with Sing Sing are
Arnit ip an insidious disease, which Ie silently spreading
contagion aud death. Jt is the conclusive testimony of medieal
experts that the conditions which exist at Sing Sing as to damp:
ess, poisouons alr and the absence of snalight ave the most
favorable that could be established for the development and
commmnteation of tubercnlosis, ‘This disease it is dificult. to
combat under the most favarable clreomstances of prison life,
but it becomes uncontrollable and spreads with fearfal rapiaity
tinder the worst. Special resvarches made within the lust five
years show tat tuberenlosis under the conditious described is
not only swiflly developed in those susceptible to the disease,
Dut that it is constantly communicated ta Well persons. Aten:
tion, is called to the alarming fact, presented by Dy. Knopf in a
paper on“ Fuberculosis in Prison,” submitted January 20tB, as
2 part of the Gfty-sixti annual report of this Association, ‘The
infectionsness of tuberculosis is now 2 demonstrated fact of
medical seienee. ‘Thove is remarkable agreement ns to the way
in which the disease is promoted. When the prison at Sing
Sing wax built these medical facts were not understood; but if
the State of New York had deliberatoly undertaken to establish
a plant for the development and sprend of tubercle bacilli it
comld hardly have ereated a generator move favorable for its
propagation than the prison at Sing Sing, What is also clear
is that such mitigations as have been suggested cannot remedy
the radical defect in the structure of the building. In the best
modern prisons the eells have 2 eapacity of one thousand cubie
feet, and they are aecessible to sunlight and properly drained.
In Sing Sing the enbic eapacity of the eels is but 145,
302 Awwoan Ruvons o ze
and one-fourth of the psisoners being * doubled up ” ave limited
to but 72] cuble feet. An idea of the relative amount of ait
space of the best prisons as compared with Sing Sing may be
seen from die following diagram
Air Space ie Siny Siny Compared with the Best Prisons
1000 enbie feet
1) 150 cubie feet
{to evbie fr
‘The practice of vonduiuy ywisouers in dark cells, where they
died frou lack uf aix, was comiien Mh mediaeval thpes. Sing
Sing peisow was built’ with no such intention, but
Genied that this is the punishment hullieted there,
ist be absolutely repuui
(cannot be
ted iy eve
Justice aid hamuity. The Conscitntion of the United States
Forbids ~ cruel and jruusual punighmene”, Yee euel and ue
usual is any foe of puuisimert whieh’ muder the guise of
Aepriving nase oF bis hberty depeives hin of his health or Hfe
Grand Litceny is not a eapital eviae in New York, Yet a aan
Ning lor such a felony may be sentenced to
Jy ae if he weve doomed to the vlectrie ebsit
weulosis lie owes it to the atveagth of his cou
das any’ presigpostite isestwe it will
Hyery” prisoner and ced with the
the ganntlet of this terrible infection,
nd it is nor ewing 19 The meres of Hie Slate that they ure noe
smitten by the disease. Sneha puitigawent is mupatrdonably
eral and excessive, |The apology for ceiminal negigenee whtel
the State will not poruit to au olfendes cannot be lavoked with
any more justice by Uy f when it permits year after
year this tuberculosis factory to remain after its dangers aud
iendencios have heen sepeatedly bronht betore the Legislatare.
The Gee
fection whieh has bee advanced. at
and ental oF Sing Ning pwison is the obj
atte
twenty cools por capita of the popnlation of the Rate at New
Yorkns the Lucene from the sate of the present site would pry
fon tin ampie gvonds, Ina. wealthy
state ike Now icy the pitiful plea
ff poverty cannot b reat ublie
uty witch has been rnstponed sear after year oo precaely the
fame ground, ad will be pestpoued indefatele walees the Dub
nag easily perceive that the proposed saving 10 the State ta
oat af building ue prison
108
Parsox Assoormiox oF New Youe,
postponing this urgent duty is altogether fletitious, It is mot
Economical to turn able-bodied prisoners into invalids and to
Gransform a pelson into au Justitution for the generation of
disease, An able-bodied prisouee who is capable of earning his
Own support while in prison, daud of coutribating somett
tie support of his family, becomes, when juiected by tuber
Culosie, not ouly a charge upon the State while in prison, bat
4 burden upon the eomunnnity when ke comes oat, Whae could
de more Hlogical than to wake an appropriation for a sani
Tanna for tabercuosis iu the Adirondacks while maintaining
tt Sing Sing « public
ig t
stablishanen
We are well aware Ut
indiflerent as to whit beeones of mew after the
prison, and who assuine t
may be a benefit Ua suciet But this is not
tine prevasting sentiment in the gr New York, which
has taken advanced, lioimake and intelligent ground ia the
rtutlinking people fail to see that
yous to tie corammnlty as It Is to
‘e tlatt the ix to come out.
0) a SD his yeinon ave
No vutes of the Boawd of Health placed
mater for
Fe cinta asecutoaia froin sgreaing the seed. of
Mica Th ius paver on fubeveniosis Dr
fin the commit
mailed attention to dhe danger to the public from
tied prisoner takes the disease with
‘Tie ise
revenge whieh the State has taken upon
ee nitory, the
Sigon were a privage factory aud dos
onemrantin of the Board of Health ynight be
eased Tait just for the State 10 maintain a publi
Tenia ky amgasttany contiion, alike oboxtons to che poblie
{Nts ad! che publi hontth: an fnetitation whch Tas been com
Tome be the Supersutendent of Prisons, tice condemned by
rere! Commitaton of Prisons wx a disgrace to the State,
rie tendenued by the Prison Aswociation of the State, and
(Mii Soe months by the Toned of Health? Shonid not the
ie ule Tadieting: punishment pan those who disobey the
Miflguy coae pay saute hoed Itself to the code it haw framed
sarc Reandet to the unanimnovs condemnation of this nett
ae eee Ae Beate hoavd charged with {he Tmportant duty of
Taintainiog dhe health of the eommunity?
‘Unvier these considerations end fa slew o
ing facts peevented, we earnestly renew OO
¢ the important and
ais ‘appeal to the
OL Awncat, Revorr or tue Pussox Assoctanoy or New Yous.
Legislature to take immediate action for the abolition of Sing
prison and for the exection on a suitable site of a prison
constincted on modern sanitary principles
We urge also the appointment of suitable commission to
cousider what steps are necessary for the improvement, recon
Struction or ceutralization of the penal institutions ‘of the
State,
Cuanuzox 'P, Lows,
President
(On behalf of the Exeoutive Committee)
Evanse Sunita, Seoretary.
Saori J. Batnows, Corresponding Seerctary.
JOHN ROCHESTER THOMAS.
At a meeting of the executive committee of the Prison Asso:
viation of New York, held November 21, 1901, a special commit
ve, consisting of Messys. Jackson and Speranza, appointed at
the preceding meeting to draft a minute in yelation to our Jate
associate, Mr. Jolm Rochester Thomas, presented their report.
And on motion of Mv. Emgene Smith, seconded by Viec-Pvesident
Letchworth, who spoke brietly upon his acquaintance with Mx.
jf was ordered that the minute be adopted as the
xpression of the executive committee and spread upon the
inutes, and a copy sent to the family of Mr. Thomas. The
ninnte was as follows
“John Rochester Thomas was born in Rochester, N.Y, on
the 18th day of June, 1848, After receiving a school education
hie entered an architect's office in his native city, later studied
ig profession in Burope, and in 1868 went into business for him.
welt. conarkably gifted and thoroughly teained, he early
In 1882 he removed to this eity amd has com
wertol his ame will mimcrons noteworthy steuetines, to men
‘ion only’ few, the armory of the Kighth Regiment, N. ¥. (1880),
and that of the Heventy.sirst Regiment, with the Second Rattery
1892), the Second Reformed church on Lenox avenue, and the
Calvary Baptist chureh on West Fifty-seventh street. It will
also he veralled that he won the
jn designs for the new City Tull, which in 1890 i¢ was proposed
0 build at an expense of $25,000,000. ‘The schome was never
carried out, but to Mr. Thomas was given the arebitect’s part
‘im the Hall of Records now bullding.
“But in this committee we allude chiefly to his sexvice in the
He did not venture to eriticlze prison
st place over 13% competitors
course of penolo;
methods, but he spoke with authority upon prison construction.
In 1874, though so young, he was appointed by Gov. John A.
108 Awvas, Revorr oF sue Passos Assoctarton oy New Yorn,
Dix, architect and sole commissioner for the erection of the
New York Sinte Reformatory at Eluira, Samuel J. Tilden,
who in ISTE surceeded Jub A, Dix as Governor, retained Mint
led to complete the bute
Tis sm
in offlee, Me. Thomas was Ona
128 whick are justly esteemeit models of thei kivl
‘eos at Eliniva loa to bit selertion as arciitect af he New Aeaxey
State Reformatory at Kalyway (1829), and of the
York Ret
fon prison avehiceutune fa is ps
Eastern New
ingtory at Napanoel 1899), Me embodied his views
fon the snbject whieh he read
at the Congress of the National Prison Assoviation, held in
Pittsburg, Pa, in 1592, and whiek wes separately dakned wud at
tracted wide notice
“Fe was his work in this branch of penology, whieh is surely
not the Jeast important, which led to his eleetion to the exeew
tive eounuitter of this Association in 1893.
pleastee to have hin with ms, and we knew we ond count mpon
his he tion fou the
HE was always &
ty Interest im all the elforis oF the Awso
physical, mental ad spiritual improvement of the criminal. 1
was then with soreow that We sw in his appessauce when Tast
at one amectings that his health was falling, and with & sense of
personal loss learned that he had passed from earth,
Thouswait fslands,
This
event took plare in Wuchestor Park
Wednesday,
associate and fellow worker. We here express on
thanks for what he was permitted to perform, and convey to
those most deeply affected hy his deallt one secre sympathy
He lives not iu vain who conteibntes to the progress of the ree
He Ieaves precious memory who links his efforts to those of
bis predecessors that have striven to make the path of the
crimival back to honesty and virtue possible and easy.”
‘sugnst 4S, 102, mul we Tost in im an Lonoved
TREASURER'S ACCOUNT.
For Tur Yran Expixe Octover 81, 1900,
Donations
Torrowed on mortgage on No. 136 Kast Fifteenth
arreet covets
New York State Reformatory
Rents js
Balance fa Mechauies Natlonal Bank, October 81,
1900
or.
Expenses of agency in New York city for ais-
charged conviets and persons under arrest,
Expenses of State organization, prison and jail
inspection and connty work.
Paid of mortgage on No. 185 Kast Fifteenth strect.
debtedness paid. a
ast Pifteenth
Interest on $4,000 and 85,500 mortgages on No. 185
East Fifteenth street.
Taxes and water rents on No, 185 East Bitteenth
street joi covieviansscsses ee
36,087 32
5,500 00
1,100 00
108 Anxvat, Retour or tae Parsow Assoctarion or New Yors.
Balance in Mechanics National Rank, October 21,
1901
(Signea)
Connenive B, Gono,
Treasurer,
We hereby certify that we have examined the accounts aud
vouchers of Cornelius B. Gold, Treasnrer, and find them correct.
(Signed) Jous Sentay Wan, Jn,
“Auusasper M. Happs,
Auditing Committee,
Disbursements November 1 to December 81, 1901
LOCAL COMMITTEES.
‘The county committees of the Prison Aesociation are now in
process of reorganization. It has been thought best therefore to
omit the list of committees in the present report, ae such lists
would necessariiy be very imperfect. ‘The corresponding secre-
tary will welcome suggestions from the different counties in rela-
tion to local work.
HONORARY CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
UNITED STATES.
Alabama—R. 1. Dawson, Mon{yomery; Miss Julia 8. Tut
wiler, Liviogston; Mrs. B.D,
Colorado —J. 8. Appel Denver; Wis, F, Slocum, Colorady
Springs
California —Bvainavd F, Swith, Represn, Sacramento, C
Connectient— Francis Wayland, New Haven; Jobu €. Taylor
Hartford.
Florida—L, B. Wombel), Tallahasse
Tilinois. Rev, Fred I, Wines, Was
Henderson, Rev. , H. Hart, Chiiengo,
Indiana Thos. E, Fllison, Port Wayne; Alvin
ferson; C,H. Reeve, Piymonth,
Kansas—Jolm P. Milliken, MePherson; R. W. MeClangley,
Fort Leavenworth,
Lonisiana—Miehsel Heymann, New Orleans; Clarence F.
Laws, New Orleans,
Maie—Ailliam Sawyer, Portland,
Maryland. 8, Grifith, Baltimore.
Massnelmsetts—W. F. Spaulding, Boston; FP, 1 Sanborn,
Concord,
Michigan. —tevi L, Barbour, Detroit; L. C, Stons, Lansing.
Minvesota.—Sannel G, Siwith, XC Panty Austin H, Young,
Minneapolis.
Missouri —Thos, I Iiuley, Kansas City,
Now Jory —E. d, Anerson, Trenton,
New York. —Z. I. Brockway, Binira
North Carolina —Col. W. F. Hensley, Vismonth,
North Dakota—N. F. Boucher, Bismarck,
Ohio. Gen. R. Beinkerhoit, Mansel.
Oregon, —Favl M, Wilbur, Portland.
Pennsylvania —I. J. Wistar, Philadelphia
Ansar Ruvowr oF 7H Parcox Assoounion o Nw York. 111
‘Tennessee.—Rev. P. I. Cobb, Rev. A. L Phillips, Mrs. ZN.
Williams, Nashville
Texas. Folin N, Henderson, Dallas; L. A. Whatley, Hunte-
ville.
Vermont—b. D, Hazen, St. Johnsbury
Virginia Robert Stiles, Richmond
Wisconsin.—Clarence Snyder, Hon. James E, Heg, A. 0.
Wright, Madison,
Washington.—Joln B. Catron, Walla Walla; Hop. Beast Sis
fer, Pacoma.
District of Coumbia—Hon, Fred H. Wines.
FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
BERMUDA.
J. Jackson, Hamilton.
‘ANADA,
James Massie, Toronto, Ontario,
FRANCE,
A. Riviere, Secrotary Société Generale des F
a'Amsterdam, Paris; Mons. Kobi
ville, Paris; Mona, Bonneville de Marsangy, No. 7
lieve, Paris; Dv. Paul Ralliere, 128 Ronlevard Haassman,
Yaris; R. Bérenger, Viee President du Senat, 11 Rue Portalis,
Pais,
GERMANY.
Johann Wichern, Raule Hans, Horn bei Hambury
Heinemann, 250 Cammey Tandstrasse, Horn bet Hamburg; Dr.
Ponving, Veesident "Tibnnal of Justice, Hamburg; Paster
Winckelman of the Prison Association of Saxony; Herman
Adam}, LL.D. 5 Bismavek strasee, Bremen,
GREAT BRITALN.
Alfred Davis, 12 St. Ermins Mansions, Westminster, London,
E. C.; Dr. Maurice Davis, 11 Brunswick square, London, W. 0.5
112 Awwyear, Revons or tie Prison Assootattos of Nuw Yorn,
J.J. Henley, Local Government Bourd Inspector, New Govern
ment Ofice, Westminster, Landon, Eug.; General Bit B. P, Da
Cane, London, Tg.s Plarenre Davenport HM, Oxford,
Fobanna Margaret WN. 2 Mazley vod, Tow
Florence Nightingale, 10 Soni atreet, Camden, Rage; William
Tallark. Secretary Howard Association, 5 Hishopeate street
Withont, London, Bay; Wallet B. Crafton, Calnoor Coat
COIL Hopwood, Layton, Binge Toh Mar
Tonto, Eng: Lori dames Movetond, Lane,
Leslie Scott, Esq, Liverpool, Eng.: B. Ruggles Tirise, Chaieman
of Directors of Conviet Prisons, Varliament street, London, Eug.;
Rey. J. W, Horsley. Si, Tolin’s Reetar, Walwortls, Bugs Aethne
Maddison, Secretary, Reformattory and Refuge Union, London,
Eng.; Sir Jolm Scott, Malabay House, St. Albans, Bng.5 W.
Douglass Morvison, LHD, 2 Fivbnviment Gardens, Chelsea,
Eng.
HOLLAND.
%. B. Gockinga, Leeuwarden; J. Broinwold-Riedel, Amster
éam,
INDIA,
Rev. Dr, 7. J. Seott, Bareilly
ITALY.
Senator Martino BeltraniScatia, Rome; Prof. Cesare Lom:
rose, Turin; Hazon R. Garofalo, 29 Largo Garofate, Naples.
JAPAN,
‘erusaki Olnonse, Kabat, Molknidu; Rev. K, Lomeaka, 38
Miyamasee, Sibuy, ‘Tokio; Tl, Sano, Seeretary General of Ue
Penitentiary Society of Tokio; Keigo Kiyoura, Minister of Jas:
tiee, Tokio,
RUSSIA
Hon. Michael Kazavin, Department of Prisons, St.Petersburg.
SWITZERLAND.
Dr. Guillanmo, Bureau of Statistics, Berne; Dr. Wolfgang,
Mittermaicr, Berne.
LIFE PATRONS.
By Coxrumenoxs oF $500 o8 Mom av Oxe Tors,
rose Clark,
Roswell Smith.
Willian 1, Scott,
Lispenard Stewart.
Dean Sage
Brown M. Bayard.
Ars, William B, Dodge.
Cornelins 1B. Gold
Mrs, Cornelius B. Gold,
Walter Howe.t
Adrian Taetin, Mra. 4. 7. Stow
Honey K, Mellarg, Cornelins Vanderbilt.*
Oswald Ottendor William x. Vanderbilt,
Miss ulin Ritnelander.* John David Wolfe."
Mise Serena Rhinelander atherine L. Wolfe."
‘Jncob H, Sehift Mrs. Anna Woerishoffer,
HONORARY MEMBERS.
By Costmimorioxs oF $100 av Oxe Tue
Gourge B. Archer
Williams HL Aspinwall.*
William B. Astor
JF. Astor
Mrs, Caroline W, Astor,
mel D Avery
Rev. N.8.8.Beman, Troy, NL
Mrs. Feedevick Billings.
Frederick Billings,
F.C, Bowest
William 7. Roath
Rev, Philips Brooks, D, D.*
Alexander Hargraves Brows,
M. P., Liverpool, England,
James Brown,
M, Bayard Brown,
HK, Bull
Ors
B. Outen Chisolm,
W.F, Chisotn
Aitved Corning Clark,*
Bawaeel Severin Clark,
William F. Cochran,
HK, Corning.
R. Falton Caitting
John Caswell
amnel B, Caldwell,
award Cooper
ALB. Conger
Williaa B. Crosby
W. B, Connor
Erastus Corning AM
John D. Crimmins
JW. Cnitis,
George N. Cetis.*
Rev, Dy, Pauling, Adbany.*
William E. Dodge
Willan Wutler Danes
Henry W. Deovest
Theodore W. Pwight.*
Edward Bivstein,
elbidge 7. Gerry
Winthrop 8, Gilman,
Williaa © Gilman,
Lincoln 8. Gold.
Miss Cutherine Fa Gold?
Bredevick T. Ul,
De. 4. €, Hotland.*
Foseplt Mowhmnd, Mateeawan
Joseph Howland, Mattes
wan, N. X
Bilisba Harris.*
Axxeat, Revorr or mnt Prisow Association ov New Yor. 115
EC, Homan.
Mevodith: Howland,
Hinrence M. Uyde
Samuel Maeantey Jacksou,
Suh Tastor dootnton.®
ames Kt. Keene
Morris I, Jesup.
James H1, Jones.
Jol 8. Kennedy
Jamu Lenos.¢
Miss Lenox.
Verve Lorian.
Peter Lorillavd*
Wo. P. Letelawordh,
Chariton, Hawi
Woodbnry &. Layton.
Robert 4, Livingston,”
1.1, Mead,
Richard A, Mecurdy
Mes. 2 1. Mefauatian,
Allen Metatne
Ragmnel BL 1 Sterwe.*
George D, Morgue,
Adan Novvie
1M, Obypiam
Daniel Pavvish,
o. Fuster Peabody
8 Bowes
1 Phelps.t
ell Petnwe, D1
A. Patlen
age C. Rand.
Latha @ Reed,
W. ©, Rhinelander,
©. RB, Robert.”
©. V.S, Roosevelt
‘Thwodore Roosevelt.*
2. Hampden Itob
Henry It. Renwick.®
Horace Russel
9. 6. Bellew
George L xeney?
Janos & Seymour, Amborn,
Aktovd Sully
Adan T. Sackett
Joseph Sampson,
Mrs, Maty Shea
JW, Sheate:*
01 Shipnina,
William (i. 7, Shedd, D. D.
Elliott F. Shepard.”
Hoary M. Sebieffetin,?
AL, Sturt?
‘Alexander Stuaet.*
dames Stokes.”
Jonathan Starges.t
Mes. Catliovine L. Spencer.
Rev, Je, Sanl.D.D.,Phia,Pa.*
Feaucis Gearge Share?
Mrs, Francis Gearge Shaw,
Phohe Stokes,
soni
Aol D, Slaytoaek,
Award Wells Sou
Seth ¥
TL, $. Terbel
Phoebe Ami Thorn,
Sinclair Tousey.
George C. Ward,
116 Avnost Ruvonr o tue Paisox Assuctarion of Nuw Yor.
Rey. Henry J. Yan Dyke, D.D.
Henry Villard.”
Wa, Vau Arse, Phila Pa?
Ales Via Reussolae
J. Seely Ward, Jv
RW. Weston,
Kamael Willets."
Rev, B,C. Wines*
J. Walter Wood.®
Williaw Wood,
Charles 1, Waite.
Cornelius b. Wood, Brooklyn,
SEW
LIFE MEMBERS.
By Costume:
A Friend.
Most Rev. M, A. Corvigan,
Jolin H. Abeel.*
WW, Astor.
Dp, Felix Adler
Robert F. Ballantine.
Beane Bell
August Belmont.
simon Borg.
W. A. Booth
Cornelius N. Bliss.
1. Carson Brevoort
Jame M, Brown,
Stewart Brown
J.B. LeRoy
John Croshy Brown.
Edmond Comin,
Benjamin @, Claek,
AMbert Crane
Mbs, Thomas Crane."
W.P. Coleman.
Wm. Colgate.
Tarael Corse
William F, Dodge, Jr
Norman W. Dodge.
Miss B. A. Dean,
Ege
ose ov $50 av One Te,
BT. Field.
Hamilton Fish."
James Foster, dv
Arthnr Gilman.
Horace Gray
Mrs, E. C. Halliday.
John ©, Havemoyer
B, Herrick,
james Horne.
Frederick B, Hyde,
mes C, Holden,
Mes. Thos, Hubbard,
‘Thomas Hunt.
John Win. Hutehinson,
Richard Levin,
Duley Jardine
Edward Jones.
james J. Jones,
Francis , Landon,
Sammel Liehtenstadter
J.8, Lowery.
Mrs. Joseph Milbank,
Mrs. S. P. Maghee.
W. H. H. Moore.
113 Awwean Reeour or rat Passow Assgerstios oF New Yor.
Willian F, Mott Cornelius Sith,
David Olyphant anes 0. Sheldon.
E, Parmly De. 4.6. Viclpe Stokes,
Thontts Prosser Charles X. Latbor CONTRIBUTIONS.
Trowand Potter LT. Torry aes
Bony 1h, Uses. Sn ee Novewane axo Decmner, 1900
Robert Ray Samael \uehnuty Taeker,
auser 1. Rasmonil Roy. 8.11 Virgin
\. Robbins, Aba Van Next.
Ameriean Leather Go
Geerd Avchbold, Jon
Sanmived Sloan Bleecker Vaan Wagenen, lon Aled
William B. Sioune. A. Wal
W. ©. Schermeriiorn, Mos Tam Witla
Frederick K. Sevens, Mrs. BV. 8. Wintheop.
Willian 1, Seott W. ILS, Wood
Leo Speyer, B. J. Woolsey
Olivia E. P, Stokes, Mrs. B,J. Woolsey
lol Stewart WW. Walker
aunes ¥. Sutton, Samuel Wetmore
Astin Sherman, Andrew €. Zabuiskie, fee re
1.2, Sherman, Jhnne Meee
Barbour, Robert
Rallontine, Robert ¥.
eekman, Mrs. ohn N
Linings, Mrs, Predevick
Bhindy, ral B.
Bienes thal
Brown, Wm, Havman,
Rrmsh, Miss M. HL
Budge, Hemy
Duttlay, Robert
Cash,
Coit, George M
Colgate, William,
Cook & Rembelmer Co
Coutier, Chastes J
Deas, Mus. Helen 1,
Delatield, M. L
Podge, Rev. D. Stuart
Douglass, ID.
Eidlita, Otto M
Elliott, W. P
Belanger, Abraham.
20 Assvan Bi rm Pnisox Assoctartox or New Yous.
Evarts, Wm. M., Hon.* $10.00 FP Piauten, soum
aww Post, Abram 8.
Gerry, Elbridge, Hon i 8 Raymond, Charles H...
Goodwin, James J. Robi, J. Haaspden,
Gray, John Clinton sured Root, Charles 'P
Griswold, J. No A 4 Sackett, Hensy W
Guild, Pre'k A elif, Taco H
Gurnee, A. Coss si Schiotfelin & Co.
Harper, Mrs. Tos. W. — 5 sellew,
Heide, Hever oe SRW
Hoffman, F. B. 7 ‘ Rnith, James Rufus
Fon, Dr. Hen 001 Cotton Co.
Huntington, Rey, W. B. sueyer, Eeo.
Hinyler, Jo 8.cc.csecceeeeee canes tar, Theo. B.
Iselin, Adrian Stone, Mason A...
Iselin, William, & Co, _ Stvong, Abs, Theron G
Keteltas, Mins Mice. Nwexey, Mrs Nol.
Kelley, AW, fee Thomas, De. TG.
Lacombe, Hon, B. Henry : 5 00 Toathe, William
Landon, Max, Toatry #1 Trawhwidge, James A.
Lord, th, Benjamin oe Vander Poel, Mes. 8. 0,
Lond, Mrs. Gon, deForest Warburg, FM
MeGOOK; TOMI Ty COl.csssescsesieseaseereevsensses Waterbury, Mes C. A
Maey, V. Everit oe a Witherbee, Mrs. B.8..2-.
Maey, Mrs, W. 1 : Witlets, John
Mailland, Memrg, Des seceee werenirenn 8 Witlianys, Geom:
Marqnand, Henry ¢ 5 White, $V)
Miller, Mes, A suvvetiants Whitehead, A. Pennington,
Minturn, Mrs. 5. W E orar 1 Wolf, Lewis 8.
Moir, Mrs. William, : 2000 | Wvormsen, Mrs, Tsidor
Morgan, George HI : 5.00 | Zimmorman, ara, M. E
Morgan, Mrs, James Poseeeeceee = 10 00
‘Mann, Charles A 5 - 500 um.
North, Thomas M epaienaeetie 5 00 Abbott, Rev,
Pinkerton, Robert A. ferttrerreteressess 1000 fF Abbott, William WN.
Adama, Mra. Mt
Awsuan Ruvorr op nme
Adams, Mos. Thateher 3
Agi Mes. E.
Alaviel,
Alarie
Mexsuder, 3. Hemyy
Alesandes, Dr. W. T.
Ameriewn Leather Company
Amonyuions
Anonymous
Anonymous
Amouymous,
Anouynious
Avehbeld, Joln D.
Arnold, Constable & Co:
Anchinelows, Mua, 1, D.
Auclmniy, Mes. 1
Austin, Nieuols & Co.
Avers, Saminel P.
A Friend
A Friend
A Prien
Babeork, Samuel D.
Babeoek, H. D. :
Bacon, Svs. Francis MeNeil
kor, Miss Clara A
er B
Baldwin, fr. Helen.
Ballautine, Robert F
Bavbey, Boars Losses
Barbour, Rev. Robert
Baro
Bove
Bavtlett, 3b, P. 6.
Bates, 3b. J. E
Batjex, Henry...
Parsox Assoor
Batten, Rev. L, W.
Bauchle, Thomas H."
taylieg, Mus. N. E
BB :
Reach, Capt. Warren C
ecklned, Manetin
ioeknan, Mes, John N.
Hebe, Homiun, & Co,
Hetkuap, We E.
Belmont, August, & Co,
Needed! Sheuatt
Honjunin, Corelia A
Benjamin, Miss Plovenee 1
Hieiwer & Nehinid..
Mos, Bredeviek:
Proderiek
lies, Tex, Joon €
1, Simmel 8.
Hiunicnthal, George
sh Lonils
navannan, Mrs. Lansdale.
hhoget
ronrne, Miss Emily Fr
vadiey. & Smith
Hocte, Mrs, A. B.
Sovemaan, Miele
Heewer, Williaw Ay Je
Leowstex, Robert 8. .
ooklyn Thivd Unitarian Church...
m4 Axsvan Reromr ov
Brown, Addison,
Brown, Edwin H
Brown, John Crosby.
Brown, M. Bayard
Brown, Miss Susan F
Brows, Wiliam Harman
Brosh, Miss FL
Mise
° Benes
Burden, Henny, 2d
Butler, Howard Russell
Batler, Richard oy
Butler, Ms. Theron
Butler, Wo, Mien
Butler, Willard Parke:
Butterworth, Mrs. Geo. F.
Gali, Mes.
Caldwell, B.
Callaway, 8B
Campbell, Stas GT.
Canfield, (2.
Cawior, Rev, Samuel P
Cash
Cash
cash
Cash... .
Case, Mrs, Clinton P.
Castree, John W.
Cauldwell, Mes, We A
Century Co :
Chisolm, Renjamin Ogden.
Chisoln, George
Clark, Edward Severin
Clark, F. Ambrose.
Glarkeos, M. & H
Chine, Mrs. Anna C.
Dursox Association oF New You.
Coe, Rov. BW.
Coit, George ML
Colby, Howard 3.
Colgate, WH
Collins, Miss Blew
onnstovk, Tamed C.
Connell, A. Harvey
Cook, Charles
Cornell, Robert
Corning, Fred, Gleason
Coulter, Charles
Crimmius, Hoa, John D.
Cropsey. Mes. Jomes C,
Proshy, Mow.
Calver, Mi. Rverett M
Curley. 3.
Cunviee, Bain A.
Cuetis, Warven
CPs,
Dana, Charles
Davidson, Mrs, M. b,
Dean, Frank
Dros, Mrs, Helen B
De Capper, Henry
We Forest, Robt. W
Deliyn, B. F
Detadeld, Miss Jutla T
Delafield, Matmvin B.
Delano, Waren, Je,
Deuton, E. M.
Dis, Rey, Morgan
Podge, Cleveland TH
Dodge, Rev. D. Stuart
Hodge, Mes. ¢
Dodge, Norman W
Dodge, William FE.
126 Asyvat. Revon!
Dodge, Ms. W. B., Se
Donald, Jawes .
Donohue, Foun Fe. -.-
Donmitzer, Mis, Hemy
Dotter, Charles Cy
Tsgors Mis. tea
DuBois, Mrs, Eugenes...
Dutch Reformed Church collection,
Patton, BP
Dwight, Mrs MB.
Eaton, Mes, Dorman
Ragar, Mes. Fumes A
Eidlity, Onto
Biseunann, €
wider, Mus, Matilda
Elliott, Wiliaw P..
Fmanitel, Mss €
Emery, Jobe 3
Exbsloh, Rowlotph
Eslanger. Alvan
B.C.
Fabnestovk
Balon, Join
Parner, Miss Mary J.
Ficld, Mex, Wittam 1, ©.
Fish, Mrs, Nirliolas
Piselr, He & ¢
ik Maw Tharvuy
Flower, A. 3.
Floyd. ohu
Foote, 1s. E, B.
Forester, George B.
Foster, Frederick de P.
Foster, J. Hegeman .
Paisos Assoctatoy oF Naw
aster, Mrs, Seott
Fos, Norman =
Fraser, Mex. We...
Prost, Wiliam Henr
artiess, Mis ¢
Pourteentl Stveet €
a WW.
Gannett, W. €
arner, Mrs, Tuomas
weettson, FP.
We A,
Mie, Walter
ermond, Key, Philip
mn, Eloridge
Mies FD
sn, Mrs. Henry §
wert, Geor
1M, Cornelins B.
‘ovdrldge, Mrs, Frederte
oodwin, J
Gray, Hon. Sou Clinton
sheene, J. Ashton
Gevenongh, Join
Griewold, Mus, Chester,
Gemnenthal, Philip HL
Guild, Frederick
Hinmnen, AL ¢
Giaenee, WS
Light Stephen 8.
Lulsted, Miss Am
Tain, James 3
fomsou, Mis Ts...
Lure, «I. Montgomery
Tavley, Jobn J
Harper, Mrs. Joseph W
Yous.
we Be &
Bs AwsuaL Ierow® or me
Harviot, Mes. 8.04
Harvisou, Mrs. Mary 1
Havemeser, Jol ©.
Hawley, Mes, John 8.
Hayden, Hey W
Hayes, Hon. Patriel.
Hearn, J. \., & Son
Heath, Frank F.
Heimerdinger, 4. B.
Heisseubuttel, Prank Hl
Henderson, Mies Mf. W
Hendsicks, Mies Eleanor
Heny, Abs HLS
Hertzel, Miss Cavotine A.
Heremaun, Shes, Esther
Hewitt, Hon, Abram $
Heymann, Selignan
Hilabungh, Henry
HN, Adam
Hoe, Mrs, Robert
Hoe, F., & Co.
Hoffman, Very Rey, Be Ass
Hogau, Charles
Holt, Henry
Holt, Robert 8.
Hoppin, William W.
Howells, George A.
Hrubbacd, Generat ‘Phowas EL
Hubbard, Sos. Thos. H.
Hudson Presbyterian Chureh.
Hulen, Victoria A
Humphrers, Alex. C.
De, Henry st
utington, Rev. W. R. o
oe, Tohn 8. 0
Hyde, Clarence 3 100 00
Paisox Agsocration of Naw York.
nslee, Miss Bliza
sein, Advian,
Iselin, William, & Co.
Jackson, RC.
Jaelson, Samovel M.
Jackson, Mes. W, H.
Fneobl, De, Absa
iteay, Robert
ames, Darwin 8.
Jarvis, Di, N. 8.
Jenkins, A. B.
Jessup, Morris
Johnston, Howard A
Jndson, Henry 7
Kendall, The M
Kennedy, <Jobn 8.
Koteltas, Mise Allee,
Knapp, Milton *
Kvauth, Nachod & Kubne. .
Koopf, Dr. $. a,
Kohnstamm, Joseph
vie, James, & Som
aidlaw, Mr, Henry Bi
don, Mrs. Honey
Langdon, Woodbury G
Eange, J.D
Lanier, Mrs. MLM,
Fanman & Kemp...
Tawrenee, Miss Caroline
Lawrence, B.
Lofterts, Frederick R.
9
10 Avsvan Revorr oF sxe
Lesher, Mr
Lester, David B.
Letehworth, Hon. Wm. P.
Lewis, Charlton T.
“Lewisohn, Toonard
Livingston, Miss Ann Ludlow.
Lobenstine, Wan. ©.
Lockman, John
Lockwood, Homer N.
Lord, Frankiin B.
Low, Fon, Seth,
Low, Wn. G
Towel, Mrs, Caroline
Ludiam, Geo. P
Lusk, Dr. W. C
Lydig. David
Lynce, Mes. Ellzabetlt
MeCampbell, Theron
‘MeCook, Col. Joun J
MeCord, Wm. H
MeCurdy, Richard A
MeDonld, iss Bessie F.
McKesson, Irving
‘MeKim, Robert V.
MeLane. Mrs, Adelaide 1
MacLaren, Mes. F.
MeLean, Johhn 8.
‘Medabon, Jumes
Mackay, Mes, B..
Macy, V. Bverit.
Macy, Francis H..
Mager, Mrs. F. Robert.
Maillard, Henry, Jr
Maitland, Robert 1.
$5 00
10 00
25 00
25.00
my
50
10 09
10 0»
10 00
100
200
10 09
Bon
10
10 0
100
10 0»
om
50 00
Prigos Askoctariox or New
Mareh, Miss Virginia A
Mavston, Baga 8.
Marvin, De. D.3f
agon. Miss HT 8.
bison, Tames Weir
iihews, Abert
8, Robert 3
Effingham,
Miss Annie 1,
yhlbank, Mrs, Joseph,
Miller, Mrs. A
MHtigan, John ©
Mrs. John W.
Mole, ates,
Moore,
Moore, W.
Morwan,
svgan, Svs, J. Pierpont
Moree, Daniel P
Mott, Lewis F.
it, Win, F.
Moulton, Miss Mary.
Yann, ©, D.
woe, Mrs. Chester
Nicholls, Seth
North, .
Nyack First Presbyterian Church,
Youe.
as
35.00
5 00
5 00
5 00
500
5 00
25 00
20 00
500
10 00
10 00
5 00
10 00
50 00
10 00
10
10 00
25 00
10 00
0 0
20 00
19.00
10 00
10 00
500
10 00
132 AxnvAt Revonr or Tae
O°Connor, Thomas Hh.
Ogden, Mrs. Chas. W
Ogden, Mrs. Gouverni
Olmsted, Mrs. Chas.
Olyphant, J. Kensett
ONeill, Mrs. H.
Oothout, Mrs. Jane E
Opdyeke, Mrs, Emerson
Mra. W. 8.
Win,, & Sons
O'Reilly, Cornelius
Osborn, Mes. Wa, Clureh,
Osborn, Nes. W. TE
Otterson, Miss Lucy
Palmer, General W. 5
Parish, Miss Susan D
Parsell, Sirs. H.
Parsons, Mes, Bain
Parsons, FA
Parsons, Jobn E.
Peabody, Geo. Foster
Pearsall, J. W.
Peck, 0.6.
Penfold, Miss Josephine. ...
Perkins, Goodwin & Co.
Pettigrew, R. HL
Phelps, Stowe
Pinkerton, Robert A.
Plant, Albert
Planten, John
Polls, Mes, Wm. Mf
Pomeroy, Hl. A.
Post, A. 8.
Pouch, F. E.... oe
Powers, Mrs. Jennie Turner.
10
10 08
10 0
10
Paizox Associnios or Naw Youx.
Prall, Rev. Wm, Rector St. Paul's Chureh..
Dratt, Herbert L.
Prime, Rey. Wendell
Putuan’s Sons, GP...
Kaven, Austin A.
Bead, Wan a.
kobb, Hon. J. Hampden...
obbins, Chandler...
Hoberts, John E,
Hollins, W. F —
Ross, Ws A. & Brow...
Salinger, Bawara
Selutter Bros. =
SebielTelin, S6es. Wim, Jay,
Seiietietin, Wim. Jay.
Schiettelin & Co
Schill, Jacob EL
Schott, Chas. ab Je.
Schuyler, Mise L. L.
Selwab, Mins, Gustav
Seribuee, Mes. J. Blair.
Seligman, Mes. Jesse,
Seligman, Iegge Ne...
Shepard, Mes, Eliot P.
Shipley, Miss Blizabeth,
Slade, Francis Louis.
134 Awsuan Revorr oF me
Slicer, Mrs. Thomas R. .
Smith, Dr. A. HL
Smith, 6
Sanieh,
Suith, 5.
Smith, Wa.
Smith, W. Wheeler:
Speers, Juumes M.
Speyer, Leo
Speyer & Co. .
Spool Cottow Co,, The.
Stamford Mig, Co.
L.
Stevens, Mies, Byam K,
Stewart, Lion, WR
Stickney, Josephs
Stokes, Anson Phelps. :
Stokes, J. . Puelps, M.D...
Storey, Mev. beet.
‘Thomas, i." Gaillard.
Thouson, Joka W
horns, Samuel
‘Tiebout, C. H
Tistany & Co
‘Toothe, ‘Vm. é
Townsend, BH. L.
"Tuck, Dr. Heney
‘Tuckerman, Alfred...
‘Twitebell, Herbert K
Uhtmann, Frederic’...
Ullman, §.
Vanderpocl, Mrs. Joby A
Vanderveer, Miss B. F.
Prisox Assooration ov Now Yous.
Van Ingen, Mrs. E. HL
Van Santvoord, A.
Vermilye & Co
Vero, Harold
ner, Jolin
Washburn, Wan. Tves.
Waterbury, Mrs. CAL. oe
Watertown First Presbytexian Church. .
Weeks, Mb. ALA
Weleh, Mrs. Alexander M
Wells, Henry €
Wells,
Merzian.
Wheelock, Dr. Geo. G.
Wiute, Mies, Stanford,
White, 8.
Waiteomb, B. B.
Whitehouse, Mes, J. EL.
Whitloek, Sins, D. B...
Whiton, 8. G..
Wieke, Wane -.sseeeeee
Wiggins, . ,, M.D.
Willeox, Wim. @
Willeés, John 7.
Witlians, Geo. G...
Winthvop, Egerton L. :
Winthrop, Mra. Grenville...
\Wineringham, Sidney
Witherbee, Mes. F. 8.
Wolt, Lewis 8,
Wormser, Mrs, Isidor-
Youkers Westminster Chureb.
Axxuan Reronr op tax
DONATIONS OF CLOPHING.
M. Barber
Mrs. V. L. Bayne.
Bendix & Bendix,
Ms, Brick,
Mrs. 2. C, Buek,
Mis. Burchell
Mrs. Burkhalter
Mie, Burnett.
ALM. Chapman,
Mrs, Chauncey,
Mrs. 8, B. Clark,
Mrs, Howard Clazkson
Meney Coggell
Mie, We. B, Crittenden,
Mr, Dudley
3.1. Dadiey.
R.N. Blizuer
John A, Bly
Madume Pundelle Fackiri,
Mrs, Nicholas Yish,
Mrs. L, Fisher.
W. H. Forsythe.
E. B, Frink,
Mrs, GA. Puller
Corneline B, Gold.
Ars, Goldman,
F. ©, Griswold.
Freeman Griswold.
Alexander M. Hadden,
Mls, HF. Hadden,
Mrs. Esther Hermann.
B.. Hill
Mas, Hollenbeimer,
A. 8. Houston,
Rev. Dr. Howes,
Mrs. Howson,
Nos, G, C, Hurlbut.
Mrs, J. 5, Saequelin.
Mrs, H. Kahn
Mrs. 8. H, Koh,
W. Kuhnharat,
F, RB, Lawrence,
Jolin Burling Lawrence,
Waller
Julius Liebsan,
Mes. 8, Lincoln,
iss Lingnist
BM. Loomis,
©. W. Loomis.
Bliss Mareh.
Louis B. 3
B, G. Merl
Mos. L, H. Mili
Mis, Lee W, Moree,
Mrs, J. 31. Mortimer
Neediework Guild of America.
‘Thomas M. North.
Prison Assootarion or New Yore.
‘thomas H. O'Connor
‘rs. Parker.
W. HL Parmenter
Mrs. James Pedersen.
1. B, Phinney.
Mes. J. Poll
urs, Rhodes,
lary P, Robinson.
L. P. Rollwagen.
amuel.
irs. Sarrett.
B,J. Sebiedler.
lived Schindler.
3. B. Serre.
©. ©. Smith.
HL. M. Sperry.
©. Sullivan.
1H. B. Tompkins.
H. Tuek.
Mrs, M.D. Ward.
Mrs, W. C, Weidemeyer.
Drs, A. M. Welch.
Henry ©. Wells.
Mrs, Wetmore.
Raward M. K. Whitney.
Mrs, Willett.
George H. Wilson.
Andrew C. Zabriskie.
DONATIONS OF READING MATTER, ETC.
Ars. HD. Avchincloss.
dbs. 8. Baboook.
Mrs. G. R, Bishop.
Samuel Blackburn.
". TE, Brown,
Clark.
Irs. W. Dansinger.
Mos. 2, E. Dickinson.
UAW. Draice.
ans, O. F. Fall
Ms, Nicholas Fish.
James D. Haque.
's, Harburger
+, Henriques,
Mra, BW. Hinge,
W. HL Hooper
Mospital Book and Newspaper
Miss Kendall.
Avs, Kubnbardt.
N. K, Lane,
Mrs, D.'T, Larrimore
Mes. C, Lawrence.
Mrs, J. B. Leavite.
Mrs, L. Lichtenstein.
Mes. Lineolo.
Mise L. Mason.
Mrs. W. D. Meblhop.
Ass. A. Miller.
Mrs. A. Muller.
‘Mrs, J. Muller.
Prof. F. M. Noa.
Mrs. W. V. Noyes.
Mes, Oppenbeimes.
Me, E. B, Parmele.
Mrs, E. Perry
Mrs. George A. Robbins.
188 Awnvar Reronr oF naz Persox Assoorarien of New You.
ALP. Sahler,
James Simpson,
Rev. T. R, Slicer.
Katherine Bacon Smith.
Mrs. B,D, Smithers.
Miss Spaiford.
Mrs. B, Stranss,
Mrs, 8, L. Townsend,
Mis. 0. @. Vail.
Mrs, Wade,
Mra. Wetmore.
A. Wolt.
DONATIONS OF PROVISIONS.
O'Donohue Coftee Co.
Rohe & Brother.
Brinkerhoff Bakery,
Ferris & Co.
APPENDIX.
CHARTER OF THE PRISON ASSOCIATION OF
NEW YORK.
Ax Aer to incorporate the Prison Assoclation of New York.
Passed, May 9, 1846, by a two-thinds yore
‘The People of the State of Now York, represented in Senate and
sesumbly, do enact as follows:
Section 1, All euch persons as are now or hereafter shall be.
come members to the said association, pursuant to the consti
mtion thereof, shall and are hereby constituted « body corpo-
rate, by the name of * The Prison Association of New York,”
have the powers that, by the third title of the
1e frst part of the Revised Statutes, are
and by that nam
cightoenth chapter of
dcclaved to belong to every corporation; and shall be eapable of
Imtchasing, holding and conveying aug estate, real or personal,
tov the use of said corporation; provided that such real estate
shull never exceed the yearly value of ten thousand dollars, nor
be applieil to auy other purpose than those for which the eorpo-
sation is formed.
§2. The estate and conceras of said corporation shail be man
ged and conducted by its executive committee, in conformity
to the conatitution of the said corporation, and the following
urticles that now form the constitution of the association shall
continue to be the fundamental laws aud eoustitution thereof,
subject to alterations in the mode therein preseribed.
ARTICLE I.
The objects of the association shall be:
L. The amelioration of the condition of prisoners, whether
Uctained for trial, or finally conyleted, or as witnesses.
2. The improvement of prison discipline and the government
of prisons, whether for cities, counties or States,
140 Asowan Reroxr of mp
8. The support and enconragement of reformed convicts after
their discharge, by affording them the means of obtaining an
honest livelihood, and sustaining them in their efforts at reform.
ARTICLE 1,
‘The officers of the society shall be a president, vice-presidents,
a corresponding secretary, a recorling avevetary, a treasver
and an executive committee. ‘There shall be the following stand.
Ing committees, viz: a finance committee, & counmittes on de
tention, a commitice on prison diseipline amd a committee on
Alscharged convicts, ‘The muuber of the executive committee
shall consist of uot move than thiety-fve, of whom not inore
than ten shall be oficers of the society aud uot more than
twenty-five shall be persons other than officers,
ARGICLE IIL
‘The officers named in the preceding article shall be ex officio
members of the executive committee, who shall choose one of
their number chairman thereof.
ARTICLE 1V.
‘he exceutive committee shull meet once in each month and
keep regular minutes of their proecedings. ‘They sluall have a
general superintendence and direction of the affairs of the so.
ciety, and shall anually report to the society all their proceed:
ings, and sneh other matters as sliall be likely to advance the
ends of the association,
ARTICLE V.
‘The society shall meet annually in the eity of New York, at
such time and place as the executive committee shall appoint,
and at such other times as the president, or, in his absence, one
of the vice-presidents shall des
ARTI
Any person contributing annnally to the funds of the asso-
ciation not less than five dollars shall, owing to such contribu-
tion, be a member thereof. A couteibution of $500 shall consti:
Paigox Association o New Yori, ui
tute a life patron; a contribution of $100 sball constitute an
honorary member of the association for life; and a contribution
of fifty dollars shall constitute a member of the association for
Jife. Honorary and corresponding members may, from time to
time, be appointed by the executive committee.
ARTICLE VIL.
A female department shall he formed, consisting of such
females as shall be selected by the executive committee, who
shall have charge of the interest and welfare of prisoners of
their sex, under such regulations as the executive committee
shall adopt.
ARTICLE VOT.
‘The officers of the association shall be chosen annually at the
annual meeting, at which thne such persons may be elected hon
orary members as sball have rendered essential service to the
eause of prison disefpline.
ARTICLE IX.
Any society having the same object in view may become auxil
iary to this association by contributing to its funds and co-oper-
ating with it
ARTICLE X.
‘The executive committee shall have power to add to any of
the standing committees such persons as, in thelr opinion, may
be likely to promote the objects of the goctety, and shall have
power {o Gil any vacaney which may occur in any of the offices
of the association, intermediate the annual meetings.
ARTICLE XI.
‘This constitution may be amended by @ vote of the majority:
of the society at any meeting thereof, provided notice of the
amendment has been given at the next preceding meeting.
‘The oMicers selected for the current year, under the constitu:
tion, shall continue to he the officers thereof until others shall
be duly chosen in their places,
142 AnsuaL Reronr on ta
And it is hereby further enaeted that no manager of said
society shall receive compensation for his services,
§ 8. The said exceutive committee shall have power to estab.
Hsh & workhouse in the comity of New York, and in their ais
cretion, to receive and take Into the said workhonse all such
persons as shall be
disorderly person
of the Pea
n up and committed os vagrants or
tase contereed sea of the Dridewell
in said city, , .
rake Bek ances tions relative to the ma
soantted
fo the said workhonse, not contrary tm law. as they may deem
ciplineand eniploynientof the persons £0 as aforesaid
Proper: and may appolut such officers, agents avd serrants as
they may doom nevestary to teansaet the business of the said
mix designate their dutles. And the aai@ ex:
centise conmtee whall noake an enunal tenor to the
tore tnd 40 the corporation of the ety af Now York. of the
the disposition which slat he mate af them hy histrwetine ox
employing them therein, the revetpta and expenditures of eld
exeentire committee, snd qvneratte all such tnets nnd’ particn
Ira a8 may ext she anerations of the aad nasoshtion
‘he snid exeentive committer shall have power, during
the ainoeity of ans of the persons so committed, to the setd
aforesni. as npnventices or aereanta, with thelt eonseat, dciog
their minority, to such persons and at such places, to lenen sich
Proper trade and employment as, in their judgment, will be most
Puisox Assootartox or New York. us
conducive to the reformation and amendment and future benefit
and advantage of such persons.
£6. The said executive committee, by such committees as they
1 from time to time appoint, shall have power and it shall
inspect sind examine all the prisons in
be their duty to. visi
and
he State, and annually report to the Legislature their state
condition, and all such other things in regard to them as may
onable the Legislature to perfect their government and disci
pline. And to enable them to exeente the powers and perform
Ihe duties hereby granted aud imposed, they shall possess ali
the powers and authority that, by the twenty-fourth section of
art fourth of the Revised Statutes,
jons;* and the duties of
Jitle first, chapter third,
ave Invested In inspectors of county pr
he Keepers of each prison that they may examine shall be the
swe in relation to then as in the section aforesaid are imposed
‘sons in relation to the inspectors
the keepers of such p
nspeetion of
thereof, Provided, tliat no such examination or
any prison shall be made until an order for that purpose to be
urmuted by the chancellor of the State, or one of the judges of
hhe Supreme Court, ov by @ vice chancellor or eireuit judge, or
by the firet judge of the county In whieh the prison to be ex
Junimed shall he situate, shall frst Pave heen had and obtained,
which order shall specify the name of the prison to be examined,
the names of the persons, members of the said association, by
whom the examination is to be made, and che time within which
Ihe same must be coneluded.
Smane or New You:
Tx Sonam, May 8 1846,
‘The bill having been read the third time, two-thirds of all the
snbers elected to the Senate voting in favor thereof,
Resolved, That the bill do pass.
By order of the Senate,
A. Ganprsen,
President.
M4 Aywoar Ruporr or tux Paisox Assootarion or New Yous.
Srarm of New Yori
In Assrammty, Apri 24, 1846,
‘The bill having been read the third time, and two-thirds of all
the members elected to the Assembly voting in favor thereof,
Resolved, That the bill do pass.
By order of the Assembly,
‘AL ©. Crans,
Speaker.
Avenoveo, this 9th day of May, 1846
Sias Wrionr
Srare or New Yors,
Snonrtany’s Overce.
Thave compared the preceding with an original Jaw on file in
this office, and do certify that the sume is a correct transeript
therefrom, and the whole of said oxiginal
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto atlixed the seal of this
office, at the city of Albany, the Afteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-six,
g Axon’ Cawpnenn,
Deputy Seoretary of State.
[Revised Statutes, part IV, chap. 8, title 17
§ 24.*, It shall be the duty of the keepers of cach of the said
prisons to admit the said Inspectors, or any oue of them,
every part of such prisons; to exhibit to them, on demand, all
the books, papers. documents and accounis pertaining to the
prison or to the detention of the persons confined therein, aud
to render them every faellity In thelr power to enable them to
discharge the duties above described. And for the parpose «!
obtaining the uceossney information to enable them to make
such reports as is above required, the said inspectors shall have
power to examine, on oath. to be administered by elther of the
said inspectors, any of the officers of the said prisons, and to
converse with any of the prisoners confined therein, without the
presence of the keepers thereof, or any of them.
‘+See section 20 in last rovielon,
BY-LAWS.
1. There shall be a stated meeting of the executive committee
ou the thind Thursday of each month, and speelat mectings shall
be held on the requisition of the ehairman or any free members
of the executive committee, The eall for a xpecial menting sl
in all eases, state the business (o be transacted at said meeting,
TT. ALevery meeting of the exeeutive committee five members
shall be necessary to constitute a qnorum.
LIL. The order of business at every stated meeting shall be
follows:
L ‘The reading and approval of the minutes of the last pre:
eeding meeting.
Report of treasurer
Reports from sianding committecs.
Report from the corresponding secretary.
Reports from epecial committees,
6. Report fren the general agent
Miscetfancous business,
Ata special meeting mo other business shall be transacted
thon tht for whieh the sid meeting was ealled.
1V. The chairman shall appoint all speeial committees; and
ho person noininated by bin shall be excused, unless upon
Fragone satisfavtory to the meeting.
v
The chairwan shall decide all questions of order, subject
to an appeal; and the roles of order shall be those embodied in
's Manual, so far as they are applicable.
‘There shall be four standing committees, namely: A com
Iittce on Avance, a committee om detention, a committee on
ged conviets, and a committee on prison diseipline.
t shall be the duty of the finance committee:
To devise ways and means for obtaining the funds neces
sary to eavry on the work of the association; and they may, at
their discretion, employ an agent to collect the requisite funds,
10
1s Axsuat Reronr of rime
2, To andit all hills against the assoctation; and no bills shall
be paid by the treasuree unless approved ly the committee and
conptersigned hy the chairman,
8. To andit aud epart upon (he treasurer's accounts annually:
4. To invest and voutval (we sucplus moners of the assori
ation, under (ke authority of (he esveutive coumittee.
VIL Th slut be tiie duty of the committer on detention:
1. To inquire, as far as msiy he prartivable or uecessaes, into
the eanses of commitment of persons in th prisons or honses of
detention in the vities of New York and Hrooklyn, and to adapt
proper mesures for procuring: (he diselmrge or providing for
the defense of sel as shall appear to be entitied theveto.
2. To visti freqnentty (he prigons under (heir change, and to
endeavor to improve hell the physiea! and wert) condition of
the prisoners ia all suitable and practieable ways
IX. It shall be the duty of the committee on discharged
1, To correspond with prison agents oe superintendents
tive to the clamacter and trades of prisoners, and to asce
previous to the discharge of each prisoner, his eclings, views
and capabilities, with a view of making the best
for hig fature employment.
2, To keep a vecord of all persons who Will emplay discharged
prisoners, and of ther several acenpations; to procre such eu
ployment for prisonces sind applying therefor a8 seems best
adaptet to the vapacity of each; to bold correspondence with
employers; to koe a revand of the conduct and prospects af
those for whom phives have beet obtained, that they my be
sustained and eaieouraged with the idea that a continued friendly
Interest is felt for them,
3. To sconre suitable hoarding phiees for dischurged prisoucrs,
where they will not be exposed to corrupting influences, taking
care not to liaye more than oue in a place, where it eam be
avoided.
4. To see that {he prisoners are provided with suitable eloth
ing, of a kind that will not attract particular attention,
Pnisox Assoctation op Naw York. ut
X. It shall he the duty of the committee on prison discipline.
‘To give attention to the internal organization and management
of prisous, embracing the physieal and moral influences to be
exerted on the prisoners during their confinement, This duty
shall be comprised undey the following heads: Health, reforma-
tiow, convict Inbor, aumiuisteation and interuat poliee, compari
sou of different prison systems, visitation of prisons aud houses
of reformation, and the whole subject of esiminal law and penal
justice
XI. One or more agents may be appointed by the exeentive
committee to assist the standing committees in the performance
of their duy
XU. ‘The revording secretary of the
secretary of the executive committee;
sociation shall be the
and it shall be his duty
fo keep the mimtes of the proceedings of said committee, to
tveord them in a book provided for that purpose, and to give due
hotive of all the mectings of (le counuittee.
XUL. ‘The corresponding seeretary shall conduct the corre:
sponitenee of the executive committee aud of each of the stand
ing conmnitteess wien requited shall act as the yeuersl financial
ugent of the association, und shall report at each stated meeting
of the committee
XIV. ‘The treasurer shall reeelve and safely keep all moneys
Lelonging: to the association; shall pay over the same ax directed
hy the finance committee; shall report at each stated meeting
of the executive committee; and shall give such security for the
faithful discharge of his duty as that committee shall require.
NV. ‘The president, chairman of the exeentive committee and
corresponding secretary shall be members, ex offeio, of all the
standing committees,
XVI. No alteration shal be made im these by-laws, except
‘pon notice of the propowed amendinent given at a previous
Ineeting of the executive committee,
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Actor vindicated, Am,
dani's Attack Feed, :
\prienltnrat labor for prisoners
Aeliect uf Now York weturmatorie,
\esosiation for Enproving the Condition of the Poor
in. Careline, suport on Raymond street Sail by
Tn, workhouse ou,
ing seeretarg, report of
150 Inpbx ov Seasons. mx oF Summers,
Cottage plan for reformatories. «+. roster, Judge W. W, admonition by.
Committee on pao law ror United States prisoners Foster, tra. Joka A b
Sominittoos of B.A. N.Y Foster, Mee, Rebeca Salowe, “The Pomba Augel™
Couaisous tern tlon. . Friomtie smporvision
Cousin of He Cited States, quoted Friemly esatatin
Couviet tense system. Frevastone industry peta.
Orapses, Ber. AS. : Yared, Aber ;
‘Cehunal, reacmont of eoport ot tier peuiaton get
‘Cehminotoge @ scleee tor noble minds Tabitual crimitals, exteavagance of short seitences For
Groeten Uden, A. ME, metlom by
Cuba, delegates teom, to Conferenee of Chasitie. Lipase manag ;
“Cuting np" at Elmira Hart's Islan. removat of bos &
Cumuiatiee seutences Hayes, JRUMHCONM Be sssveee oe
Panueanora ts Lenlt of pritonees.
tuberenloaiy i Munoriey meaner
Dark coll, uso of at imiva cureswoniing mewbers
Defencelese Hiugainn, Huse of Refs, HR0d s.r
Duel, Juage J. ML. report from, 02 probation. Alben
Dietary in. penitentiary Howard, Joi
Discharged convicts i Eutope Hues, THOS, W
Drisoners, upportsuition fOr, Diustrarione of probation aystem
Discipline of work, he diipline oF mater Incortgibles, régime for.
Donations of et Tnewrable otfeuders ....
“Double dvekers" in cols... Tiana State prison, operation o& parole i
‘Dealaaay at RIE HIG oe luctiseroet Watchmaker, Az
Dmnlkards, sirt senteneuw for,
Dei aia ie
eononiy i avtusinistration ably at Bhai
Blot, Mis Aa. of ©. 0, Inspectors of B.A. ¥
Eintrag soturnantiny. 32, 18 10, 39, 30, 60, lostitutlons for rally priooa ofa
pra or cited sa : luvestigacion of probation eases,
Luis. iupeored conditions
Batravaganee in eousteuetion. Jeans as Pouotogist™. os.
WAS” laced Jautgos opinion ws 10 probation.
ara products rafeing of Juvevite offences diululshivg,
Felony. mashaans penalty for Kombat, D, .
Filteation avea reports from
inancial gost not best test of prison system King, 1% A., of University Settlement
Piues paid by instalments Khigs county penitentiary, demolition of
‘well administered
182 Ixpex or Sussners,
ads in workhouse
Lawes pasted at last Legtsiatare
Legal punishnient of drunken wad disord
Latter af transis
Libacr, amwoprtation for
Local comnts
Macbiuory tu State priseus, bill to abelis
Machonnchic
Malby, Senntoe =
Massnehnett, effect af probation I
bobtion 1aw of...
Tusbriste Asya
Prison Astetalon,
Meal nail logging tekets
Memorial to the Lngistnture,
Mills, Hestient
Miseacringe of Justen, ‘
reformatory: for
DMouey aid not elven
Morgau, J. 11
Monroe county ywoitenliary
Sapanocl
Natiopal Couferonee of Charities and Comet,
Nevw York ity prion
New York Stare Fibraey, Lulleth of
Onicers, bist ot
Onomaga penitentiary
Parole law: 9, 14; West of
for Uuiten States psoaee.
Pavoled men, duty to report...
prigouers, number of. .ecc0..
Inpex oF Sumors.
‘Peval Code, amendments to
Ponaition a detorcont.
Penitentiares, six in New York
Pierce, Rev. F
Prlees of prison grods, how Axed
Principles of past law
Prison Association of New York rewolution adopted by
Importance of work of,
fsoclations ...sesseeseeesee
employment |.
rade goods t open market
“ Prison Materia” theme of sermon.
‘Prison Methods," theme of sermon.
Peison industaes, protection of.
‘fleais showld be trained.
‘what they stionld be,
population of New York,
spday
a8 schools of erlmiaaiity.
“Prisons of the Nation abd thelr Tamales
Posomers' hone
Prisoners should be ealted by nawe, not umber.
Probation law: 9, 40; work of...
In Massaciwsetes
oMicers: duty of. esse:
faformation {oom -
substitute for short sentence,
system, economy of
‘work in police courts
Punishment, purpose of. ........
Pantsbments, severity of, ut Elmira,
Ransous, Dr. J.B.
Raymond street 5a
Reformatorieg for women,
Roformatory system, extension of.
Released Convict, The”
Ropeatant forges, A.
epocts: of Executive Commitee, 9; of Coresponding Secretary
Yobertson, De, 20: opinion on relaon of elation to inset
‘aches Domberad and Chr
Iovtestr Unto an Advertiser,
Inpex of Sunysors. Ixpex oF Summons,
Sanitarium for tubereviosts
Sentenes. suspense
{Willisiss, Mornay, report from, on workhouse.
Wlarate, Charles WM report of,
Won’ petion, Raymond street Jal
Wonien at lage comity penttentary
Work, disetptine of natire
Workhouse, Blsckwel's Island, constrnetion of
for released convicts,
hore geutentevs for habieanl erin
memorial coucornn
robaitains of
Sketch of Jolin Rochester ‘Ton
Skinner, Chacles M, Uy; exthaet frou weltings
State Boed of Henlh. vrolusion of,
State Conulasion sit Prison, pare of
State prloou for wom, Anbu
Statistics, collection of g eo
Striped clothing
Mis. TA. of City Mission.
ing. probation officers
recoumiendations for administration.
fu Clinton vison,
“atyberenlosis i Prison.” yy De. Knope
‘two youtnal conzers
Unpromising caso,
Voluntooe prohation aitcess
Waring pian of drainage
Water supply at Sing Sing
Welsh, atts. ©. 1, of Salvation Army.
Willara, Davia
