The State Employee, 1944 February

EW YORK

Cc MAR 2 31944

STATE L1By
To Members:

Please contact your Senator and Assemblyman and tell them of your vital in-
terest in the Association's program. The program is fair to the State and to the
employee. Your Association has put the program squarely up to the Governor and
to the Legislature. See the December issue for list of Senators and Assemblymen.

@ Adjustment of ALL State salaries to meet present and provide for future
increases in living costs.

@ Higher basic minimum entrance salary scale.

@ Bringing all Stafe employees to minimum of their career service grade plus
years of service.

@ Prompt adjustment and retroactive correction of errors or omissions in
classification and salary standardization of positions in State institutions.

@ Full cash salary payments to institutional employees with permission to
take meals or other accommodations within or without institutions.

@ Time and one-half for overtime.

@ Inclusion of non-statutory positions in competitive or non-competitive
classification with career service opportunities.

@ Prison pay scales for Matteawan and Dannemora State hospital employees.
@ Safeguard and make uniform illness and vacation leaves in State Service.
© (Cptional retirement after twenty:Aive years’ of State ‘services,

@ Legislative study of retirement system to consider higher retirement allow-
ance for employees in lower pay grades.

@ Automobile and living allowances to meet increased costs of State
employees required to travel.

@ Accord to women equal rights in civil service appointments and pro-
motions.

@ Watchfulness as to rights of State employees now in armed services.
@ Upbuilding of New York State service to the highest possible efficiency.

@ Constant attention to civil service matters in the interest of State civil
service employees.

THE STATE EMPLOYEE i: blished

THE ASSOCIATION OF Fee Sake, etd

STATE CIVIL SERVICE EMPLOYEES New “verk Eilon cand execute

OF THE STATE OF N YORK, INC Ban, N, a a! ingle copy, 306, per

EW i tered aa" Sexpedclaas ‘mutter,

HEADQUARTERS, STATE CAPITOL, ALBANY, N. Y. e 1 at

Organized in 1910 — Present membership 27,000 (the largest all-State Sane nos ene, sopscatnt oe aa

employee organization in the United a ery at seat of gree Hans 8, “sate Capel A
State Government — Dues $1.50 per year —less than !/. cent a day. ny, N.Y.

The State Employee

VOL. 13, Number 2

FEBRUARY, 1944

10 Cents a Copy

The Governor’s Budget

As we go to press, the Governor’s
budget has reached the Legislature.
The budget shows State finances to
be in a splendid condition and the
Governor’s budget message indicates
the high efficiency attained in all
branches of New York State govern-
ment. The highlights of the per-
sonnel recommendations are:

(1) The Governor adopted the As-
sociation’s recommendation to
bring all Feld-Hamilton  sal-
aries up to the minimum of
their salary grade, effective
April 1, 1944, and has recom-
mended an appropriation of
$1,700,000 to make this effec-
tive, This applies to all institu-
tional workers as well as to de-
partmental employees.

(2) The Governor recommended
that a lump sum be appropriat-
ed and made available to pay
the stipulated Feld-Hamilton
salaries on promotion and
transfer.

(3) The Governor recommended
the $1,200 minimum salary be
continued, except for custodial
employees, and that increments
be paid to those raised to $1,200
within the last .year.

(4) The Governor recommended
the payment of overtime at
regular rates for another year.

(5) The Governor . recommended
that the war emergency bonus
be continued at present rates
for another year.

In reference to the first of the
Goyernor’s recommendations, the
Association feels that this is a long
step forward in streamlining and
improving Feld-Hamilton _ proce-
dures. It will put an end to the
Practice of appointing and promot-
ing employees at salaries less than
the minimum specified for their po-
sitions,

In reference to the second recom-
mendations, it should be noted that
the employees have frequently been

February

required to take salary reductions in
order to obtain promotion simply
because no funds were available to
pay the salary required under the
Feld-Hamilton grades. This will no
longer be true.

In reference to recommendation
three, we are disappointed that the
$1,200 minimum salary has not been
extended to employees of the cus-
todial service and certain non-statu-
tory positions where employees are
still employed at rates far below
$1,200.

In reference to recommendation
four, overtime pay has done much
to alleviate the manpower shortage
in the hospitals but it is our belief
that the current practice in industry
of payment of time and one-half for
overtime should have been adopted.

We are disappointed to note that
our request for a modest increase
in the coverage and rates of the war
emergency bonus has not been ac-
cepted. The Governor states that he
has considered the recommendations
for the increase and has decided
against it, apparently on the assump-
tion that the present cost of living
will be rolled back, or, at least, re-
main stationary. The Association
hopes he is right, but feels that the
increase will continue and that fur-
ther adjustments will be necessary.
The cost of living has increased
about 5% since the last budget went
to the Legislature. The Association,
in accordance with its adopted pro-
gram, is sponsoring bills to increase
the war emergency bonus and ex-
tend the bonus to employees in the
Legislature, judicial and throughout
the service.

The Association has, from the be-
ginning, taken the point of view
that what is required is a cost of
living adjustment law which is flex-
ible and fair and that a temporary,
fixed bonus cannot meet the situa-
tion. We hope that the Legislature
will again favor the Association’s

plan for stable, real wages measured
in terms of buying rather than in
deflated dollars.

It is highly gratifying to note that
the Civil Service Commission has
finally been put on a par with other
State department heads in the mat-
ter of salaries. This is long delayed
recognition of the importance of per-
sonnel administration.

For many real advances, the As-
sociation gladly renders the thanks
of its thousands of members to the
Governor. We hope the Governor
will round out the record with other
needed recommendations and re-
forms.

We print in full, below, the Bud-
get message relating to. employment
matters:

PERSONNEL

“In the past year much has been
done to improve the status of the
State’s employees. The war emer-
gency compensation should be con-
tinued. The Administration has giv-
en the fullest consideration to plans
proposed for increasing this emer-
gency compensation. In the light
of all pertinent facts, I propose that
this emergency compensation be
continued at the present rates,”

“T do recommend, however, that
its financing be changed from the
present plan. The budget recom-
mendations that I am making here-
in do not carry the potential sav-
ings that were unavoidably includ-
ed in last year’s appropriations.”

“T propose that the war emergen-
cy compensation be financed first,
from appropriations available for
regular personal service, then from
the $1.7 million appropriation al-
ready recommended above, and
finally, if necessary, by transfer be-
tween departments of appropria-
tions available for personal service
that would otherwise lapse,”

“The beginning salary of $1,200
that was established for this fiscal
year should be continued for another

39

year. I recommend this continua-
tion, and also that the employees

~ who have received $1,200 during
this year, and are otherwise eligible,
should be given the regular incre-
ment for next year.”

The provision for paying over-
time to institutional and certain
other employees has worked well
during the year. It has helped alle-
viate the manpower shortage. It
should be continued for another
year. I am asking that the continua-
tion be only from year to year be-
cause I should not wish to see any
permanency attached to hours of
work in excess of eight per day.”

“Salary increases required by
promotions or transfers are not al-
ways available under a line item
budget set-up. To cover such salary
adjustments required by law, I pro-
pose that a lump sum be appropriat-
ed to be used to increase line items.”

“Beyond this, I find that the em-
ployees and the Administration
have been plagued by the situation
that arises when a salary paid is less
than the minimum to which the
title is allocated. When salary stan-
dardization was adopted, tempo-
rary provisions of the law percluded
the bringing to minimum of salaries
which were below minimum but,
at the same time, permitted bring-
ing to minimum all positions that
became vacant, In line items, this
can be done only once a year. In
lump sums, it can be done any time.
It-is patently unfair that employees
to be paid from lump sums should
be so favored over employees work-
ing on line items.”

“Eyer since salary standardization
was adopted in 1937, the employees
have been asking that this entire
situation be corrected. I propose
that the matter be rectified and that
we bring all positions paying less
than their appropriate minimum to
the minimum allocated. So that all
employees may be treated the same,
I think these adjustments to mini-
mum should be made at the begin-
ning of each fiscal year. This change
will go far to simplify civil service
and budgetary administration.”

“T recommend that another in-
equality affecting civil service be
eliminated. The President of the
Civil Service Commission has _re-
ceived $9,000 per year, and the other
two commissioners $7,000 each,
Civil service has not been recog-

40

nized as on a level with other com-
missions or departments. But effi-
cient administration requires sound
personnel work and policy.”

“Tt is time that civil service was
recognized as a dynamic arm of
State government. The present com-
missioners will make it that. They
are equal to the responsibility and
should receive the same compensa-
tion as other department heads. I
propose that the ‘president be paid
$12,000 and the two commissioners
$10,000 each, in accordance with the
standards in other departments.”

SUMMARY
Governor Dewey, summarizing
his over-all budget recommenda-
tions, says:
“To summarize, I recommend:

1. The passage of appropriations ag-

gregating $371.8 million for the
fiscal year 1944-45, or $4.9 mil-
lion less than granted for the cur-
rent fiscal year. Of this amount
$366.8 million would be from the
general fund and $5 million from
the newly established post-war re-
construction fund.

. Within this aggregate, a reduction
in appropriations for State-aid to
education by $7.8 million, in ac-
cordance with the existing formu-
lae.

. The appropriation from the post-
war reconstruction fund of $2
million for the acquisition of
rights-of-way for throughways, $2
million for planning State pro-
jects, and $1 million for the acqui-
sition of necessary equipment.
Reappropriation of $12 million of
prior years’ highway construction
and reconstruction grants from
the general fund, with a provision
that this money may also be used
for the acquisition of rights-of-
way.

5.The continuation for another
year of the existing war emergen-
cy compensation rates, the begin-
ning salary of $1,200, and the ex-
isting provisions for overtime pay.

6. The continuation for another year
of the 25 per cent reduction in the
personal income tax and of the ex-
isting emergency levies expiring
this year.

7. The relinquishment to the local-
ities of the proceeds of the mort-
gage tax estimated to yield this
year $1.6 million, and the distri-
bution to the cities during the

Nn

w

Pgs

next fiscal year, of the revenue
from the 2 per cent tax on gross
receipts of utilities, estimated at
$17.7 million. This latter tax re-
turn would be used to reduce debt
service,

8. The passage of legislation obviat-
ing as far as possible the existing
practice of authorizing deficiency
expenditures through the issuance
of certificates of intent and per-
mitting instead the making of a
special appropriation each year to
take care of emergency expendi-
tures, under proper safeguards.

9.The continuance of the present
policy of careful husbanding of
revenue, close control over expen-
ditures, and fullest’ possible pre-
paration for fiscal emergencies.

This program is conceived in the
spirit of confidence in the future, It
is moulded by our recognition of the
great responsibility which the Em-
pire State must bear in the economic
reconstruction to follow the war.
Our State still faces hard work be-
fore the war is won. But the efforts
of our valiant soldiers and our Allies
bring the beginnings of peace close
at hand,”

Public Payrolls

According to a report by the U. S.
Bureau of the Census, there were
6,300,000" persons or one in every
eight workers in the United States,
in governmental employ in July,
1943,

This does not include the mem-
bers of the armed forces, persons on
work relief, or persons employed by
contractors. Of this number, 3,140,-
000, or 49 per cent, were federal em-
ployees; 1,315,000, or 21 per cent,
were State and local employees, and
1,907,000, or 30 per cent, were State
and local non-school employees,

In July, 1940, there were 4,473,-
000 such persons in governmental
employ. From that date until July,
1943, federal employees increased
2,079,000, from 1,061,000 to 3,140,-
000; State and local school employ-
ees remained at 1,315,000, and State
and local non-school employees de-
creased 190,000, from 2,097,000 to
1,907,000.

Between these dates, the report
showed, federal payrolls increased
about 250 per cent, whereas State
and local payrolls increased only
seven per cent.

The State Employee
Classification

By J. EARL KELLY
Director, Division of Classification
(Address delivered at Conference of

Personnel Representatives of State

Departments)

What is classification and why is it
necessary?

Before we get to the discussion on
classifying and  reclassifying  posi-
tions, I think we should have a clear
understanding of some of our terms.
I am quite sure that many of you
are familiar with some, if not all,
of the different phases of classifica-
tion work, but let’s all start from
scratch,

First of all, let us consider the
word “position.” To us it means an
assignment of work by a compe
authority with certain responsi
ties, requiring the services of a single
employee. In other words, it is a
“job” which may be part-time, full-
time, temporary or permanent, oc-
cupied or vacant. When positions
are found to be sufficiently similar
so as to be grouped together under
one title, we in effect classify them.
The word “class” covers one or
many positions.

This process of grouping or classi-
fying positions has two distinct but
related meanings in New York State
Civil Service. You undoubtedly have
heard the expressions “jurisdiction-
al classification” and “duties” or
“position classification.” The Civil
Service Commission is concerned
with jurisdictional classification
while the Classification Board is
concerned with position classifica-
tion only. Jurisdictional classifica-
tion is in effect a grouping of posi-
tions according to the way in which
they are to be filled. It determines
whether the position is to be a com-
petitive one, to be filled by appoint-
ment from an‘ appropriate eligible
list, or a non-competitive one for
which the appointee must be ex-
amined but not in competition with
other candidates, or an exempt one
which can be filled without regard
to any examinations or eligible lists.

Position classification, on the
other hand, is a grouping of jobs ac-
cording to their duties and responsi-
bilities. To be technically exact, it
really consists of gathering together
into a relatively small number of
classes the various separate positions

February

which are sufficiently similar as to
their duties and responsibilities to
justify the same descriptive title,
same salary range, same qualifica-
tion requirements for recruitment,
tests for fitness and the same
civil service treatment generally. If
we analyze fifty positions scattered
through the various departments in
the State service and all of them in-
volve, for example, typing of rela-
tively simple matters, we call all of
them Junior Typist positions.

Position classification comes first
chronologically, but it is closely re-
lated to jurisdictional classification.
It is first necessary to establish the
correct title through position classi-
fication for a particular job before it
is possible to determine its correct
jurisdictional classification. You
must know what the position is be-
fore you can tell whether it should
be im the competitive, non-competi-
tive or exempt jurisdictional class.

Duties classification, in fact, serves
as a foundation upon which the
entire merit system is based. It in-
dicates what different kinds of posi-
tions there are in a State service.
First of all, it gives everyone con-
cerned with civil service a common
terminology so that everyone knows
what he is dealing with. This ap-
plies with equal force to the Budget
Director who is responsible for set-
ting up the funds for the position,
to the civil service examiner who
must construct and hold the exam-
inations for filling the job, to the
department head who has the re-
sponsibility of filling it, to the mem-
bers of both the Assembly and
Senate committees interested in
State finance who want to know
where various positions are located
and for what purpose the State’s
moneys are expended. Classification
also serves as the foundation for a
standard salary plan. It is impos-
sible to have equal pay for equal
work if positions involving equal
duties are not grouped together in
classes. There are other matters
which are facilitated by a classifica-
tion plan, such as transfers of em-
ployees from one department to
another, the handling of promo-
tions, lay-offs and demotions.

Tam quite sure many of you are
familiar with the utter confusion

that existed in the period preceding
the 1932 legislative study of the
classification of State positions. The
committee making the study found,
for example, that the title of “Clerk”
was applied to a variety of positions
running from those of the type now
called Junior Clerk with a mini-
‘mum of $900 per annum all the way
through to those the equivalent of
Chief’ Account Clerk with a max-
imum of $5,000 per annum. Similar
varieties were found in other titles
so that the department head, the
Budget Director, the Civil Service
Department, the legislative finance
committees and everyone else con-
cerned with civil service administra
tion never clearly understood what
positions there were in the State
service or what personal service ap-
propriations were actually used for,
except in a general way. To sum up,
classification serves as the basis for
efficient governmental _ operation
and administration.

Position classification is not a
fixed, rigid mold that holds down
Progressive management. On the
contrary, it serves as a very effective
means of solving personnel prob-
lems for the operating departments.
The responsibility for maintaining
position classification for your de-

* partment in good order is as much

yours as it is the Classification
Board’s. If you allow positions to
develop out of line with their duties
and responsibilities and fail to do
anything about it, you will be faced
with grumbling and discontént on
the part of employees and a general
lowering of employee morale.

What is reclassification and why is

it necessary?

This brings up the question of re-
classification. With the passage’ of
time, changes in positions are in-
evitable. These may be caused by
new legislation which either adds
or takes away functions in a depart-
ment. Progressive changes in pro-
cedures or reorganizations of depart-
ments necessitate the reclassification
of positions. Employees, through a
natural course of development, par-
ticularly in newly created bureaus,
do work of higher degree and re-
sponsibility than their positions
originally called for. As a result,
it is necessary for you in the operat-

4l

ing departments to take a periodic
inventory of the titles of the posi-
tions in your department. Some of
these changes in duties and respon-
sibilities are almost imperceptible.
Essentials of good classification

You must remember that position
classification is based on the job it-
self and not on the employee fill-
ing it. Let me become technical for
a moment and read you a part of
Section 47 of the Civil Service Law.
Chapter 498 of the Laws of 1938,
better known as the Feld-Ostertag
Law, created the Classification
Board and defined its powers and
duties. It states in part that the
Classification Board shall have the
power and duty to “assign uniform
titles to positions that are so sub-
stantially similar in essential char-
acter and scope of their duties and
responsibilities and in the qualifica-
tion requirements thereof that the
same descriptive title may be used
to designate them, that the same
qualifications for appointment there-
to may be reasonably required and
that the same tests for fitness may
be established.” This means that the
Classification Board must classify
the job and not the individual.

So often we hear the statement
made that it is the policy of the
State to provide equal pay for equal
work. It is obvious that when posi-
tions that are substantially alike are
classified unde one title, the incum-
bents will receive equal pay for
equal work done.

The Classification Board has
handled approximately 9,000 indi-
vidual appeals since 1938, Many of
these, of course, were properly based
on the higher grades of duties and
responsibilities of the appellants.
But there often were other argu-
ments used as basis for changes in
title which the Board had to disre-
gard completely, for it could not
lawfully consider them in arriving
at its decisions,

That an applicant has rendered
lengthy service to the State is not a
justification for a change in the title
of his position if his duties and re-
sponsibilities do not warrant it. The
same is true as to any seniority en-
joyed by him over fellow employees.
Nor can an appellant’s high effi-
ciency rating alone justify a change
in title. In fact, seniority, years of
service and efficiency are factors con-
sidered in promotion examinations,
but not in classification, His per-

42

sonal qualifications, excellent educa-
tional background, special know-
ledges, or ability to do more respon-
sible work are not of themselves
sufficient reasons for changing the
title of his position. Often an em-
ployee is qualified to do much more
difficult work than his normal as-
signment of duties requires. If, for
example, he were appointed from
the Clerk’s eligible list to a Clerk
position and its duties and respon-
sibilities justify a continuation of
that title, the appellant’s personal
ability to do the work of a Senior
Stenographer is not considered by
the Board as a basis for changing the
title of his position. The passing of
examinations for higher grade posi-
tions, an indication of the appel-
lant’s personal ability to do more
responsible work, cannot be the sole
basis for changing the title of his
position. His appeal must be de-
termined by what he does and not
by what he is capable of doing. Re-
classification cannot be made as a
reward for the applicant's know-
ledge of his job or his value to the
department. Annual increments
and promotion possibilities will take
care of such situations. We have
often been asked to reclassify posi-
tions when the appellant's retire-
ment is imminent so that he can en-
joy a higher retirement rate. In
some cases the department head
would even be willing to go on
record as a part of the bargain to
ask that the job be reclassified down-
ward when the incumbent retired.
Here again, the Board has been com-
pelled by law to deny such a re-
classification request.

Let me add one more argument
that is often presented to the Classi-
fication Board in support of an ap-
peal. The appellant, in justification
of his appeal for a higher title, com-
pares his job with that of some other
employee having a higher title; one
which is obviously too high for the
duties involved. Such an analogy
fails because the job with which the
comparison is made is incorrectly
classified. If the Classification
Board should grant the appeal, it
would create two wrongs where
only one existed previously. In ad-
dition to this, there is the prob-
ability that the Budget Director will
reject such a recommendation be-
cause, from an organizational point
of view, two such positions are not
justified, It sometimes happens that

the person enjoying the higher title
is or agable ob doing the work and
that the appellant with a lower title
has been actually doing the job.
When a person is inefficient or not
capable of performing the duties of
his position, there are other provi-
sions of the Civil Service Law that
will enable you to remedy the situ-
ation. The Classification Board
should not be asked to, nor will it,
pull your chestnuts out of the fire
for you.

Present employment conditions,
intense competition from federal
agencies or outside industries have
caused employees to leave the State
service and others threaten doing
so. The question of the salary to be
paid to State employees in acute
situations caused by outside compe-
tition cannot be answered through
reclassification. It is our responsi-
bility to standardize positions and to
maintain an even keel. If salaries
are to go up, they should go up on
the same general basis. Individual
positions should not be pushed out
of line with others because of spe-
cially intense needs of keeping cer-
tain employees who threaten to
leave the State service unless they
are paid more money. Once this is
done for one employee then you
must ask us to do it for others. If
we were to yield to such an exigency
a decadence would set in. The time
to stop such a situation is right at
the start. If State employees are to

receive more money because of the

higher cost of living, higher income
taxes, and so on, we believe they
should all receive this benefit. It
should be wrought by legislative ac-
tion, not by reclassification.
Classification Procedures

Now that we have talked about
classification and __ reclassification,
let us discuss the method of getting
new jobs classified and existing jobs
reclassified. First of all, if you plan
to set up one or more new positions,
prepare complete detailed descrip-
tions of the duties of the proposed
new positions on our form CL-20.
We ask that you send us two copies
of this form making sure that you
fill in both sides. Please give care-
ful consideration to the suggested
minimum qualifications that you
would expect of a new incumbent
for the proper performance of the
duties. This is where you share a
responsibility with us for maintain-
ing good classification in New York

The State Employee
State. We consider it to be of real
importance to you as an Appoint-
ing Officer to get properly qualified
employees for the positions in your
department and your ideas will go
a long way toward molding the
specifications for a new title or the
announcement for a new examina-
tion around the type of individual
you feel will most adequately serve
the State in the new job.

Tf you feel that the form CL-20 is
not adequate for expressing your
description of the job, feel free to
add any supplementary material,
work charts and supporting memo-
randa that will help the Classifica-
tion Board visualize what you have
in mind. Route all requests for new
positions on the CL-20 forms, di-
rectly to the Classification Division,
State Office Building in Albany. I
have noticed a tendency on the part
of certain departments to make such
requests by letters. We find that
a letter does not always give us the
desired information in the most use-
ful form. We realize that there is
always a lot of criticism about “red
tape” in the Government and cer-
tainly I agree with you that there
is room for improvement on that
score, but there is a certain mini-
mum of paper work that is inevit-
able in any business organization.
‘The Legislature, in fact, has seen
fit to add to the statute creating the
Classification Board, an additional
method for securing of adequate in-
formation from department heads.
Section 46 of the Civil Service Law
reads in part: “The Board may re-
quest from any State department
such assistance as it may require,
and each such department shall
make available to the Board, upon
its request, any of its personnel and
facilities.” Although this has been
on the statute books since 1938, the
Board has received such excellent
cooperation from you people that it
has never had to put this section
into operation, It hopes that it will
never have to in the future, either.
I do not consider it too unreason-
able a request to haye you prepare
this information for us in the man-
ner in which we can use it best.

There is another important point
that I should stress—a_reclassifica-
tion of an existing position or the
classification of a new one may pro-
duce a title not previously allocated
by the Temporary Salary Standard-
ization Board, The Classification

February

.

Board is required by Law to noti
the Salary Standardization bse
immediately of the new unallocated
class. If you do not give us a com-
plete report as to the job and what
you consider to be the necessary
minimum requirements for filling
it, you cannot hope to secure the
right kind of employee to fill it nor
the salary allocation that you think
is adequate compensation for the
work to be done.

If the new position is one that you
wish to place in the exempt or non-
competitive jurisdictional classifica-
tion, you must approach both the
Classification Board and the Civil
Service Commission simultaneously
with your request. The Board. is
concerned with the new position be-
cause it must assign the proper title
based on its proposed duties and re-
sponsibilties. The Civil Service
Commission is interested in know-
ing what the Classification Board’s
recommendation is as well as your
reasons for asking that the position
be placed in the exempt or non-com-
petitive jurisdictional classification.
The best way to have this dual op-
eration performed smoothly is to ad-
dress your request for exemption to
the Civil Service Commission to-
gether with a CL-20 completely and
properly filled out, at the same time
sending a carbon copy of this ma-
terial including the CL-20 to the
Classification Board. The Board and
the Commission will then consider
both steps in their internal depart-
mental procedure.

Let me now turn to the reclassi-
fication of existing positions. For
this process you use our form CL-
100, the yellow colored appeal form,
with which I am sure all of you are
quite familiar. Such an appeal may
be filed either by an employee or
by the department head whether the
position be filled or vacant.

There is a marked difference be-
tween the CL-20 and the CL-100
forms. The CL-20 which we recent-
ly revised is white in color and is
to be used for the classification of
new positions or general surveys of
large groups of positions and not for
any other purpose. The CL-100 is
used exclusively in requesting a re-
classification of existing positions.
Either form may be accompanied by
letters of transmittal or supplemen-
tary material. The Classification
Board will not honor a reclassifica-
tion appeal or request which comes

in letter form unless it is accom-

panied by a CL-100 completely and
properly filled out. This form pro-

vides on the second page a space in

which the appellant can give his rea-

sons for fecling that the title should’
be changed. There is additional

space for his immediate supervisor,

and the head of the department, to

express their ideas on the appeal.

This is not provided for on the CL-

20 and they should not be used for

reclassification appeals.

Our experience during the last
seven or eight weeks brings me to a
problenr that has been particularly
acute and yet could have been avoid-
ed with a little bit of forethought
on your part. Every year we have
been deluged with last minute /De-
cember requests, many of which
could have been sent to us weeks
before. Of course, each of them is
accompanied by some excuse such
as pressing matters of more impor-
tance, oversight, etc. Please remem-
ber that the Classification Board’s
recommendations are subject to ac-
ceptance or rejection by the Direc-
tor of the Budget before they find
their way in the Appropriation Act.
It is decidedly unfair and presump-
tuous as well for you to expect that
the Classification Board and the
Budget Director are going to jam
these late requests through without
a full and careful study just for the
sake of meeting the Budget dead-
line, Don’t forget that each request
requires considerable work on the
part of the Board and its staff for
the purpose of maintaining good
classification in this State. The
Board refuses to be swept off its feet
by last minute hasty requests, I am
quite sure that many of the ones
that came in so late had already been
thought about and considered by
you long before October Ist and
certainly even before September Ist.
To be on the safe side, get your re-
quests for the next fiscal year into
our office at the same time that you
prepare your work for the Budget
Division. The Budget Director will
ignor any request for moneys for
proposed reclassifications and_posi-

(Continued on page 54)

"Save your scrap to
rap the Japs”

43
ia

This is the month on which the
birthday anniversaries of two of our
greatest presidents are observed:
President Abraham Lincoln, Febru-
ary 12, and President George Wash-
ington, February 22.

We wonder exactly how many
State employees are aware that the
original model for the great Lincoln
Memorial at Washington is to be
found in Albany, only a step from
the Capitol and the State Office
Building?

The model is to be found at the
Albany Institute of History and Art,
in Washington Avenue. Daniel
Chester French designed the Lin-
coln model, which was dedicated
with elaborate ceremonies last year.

As a history teacher who was
present at the dedication ceremonies
told attaches of the Institute: “The

Lincoln model reveals The Great
Emancipator’s moods, the sunshine
and the storm which exemplified
his life.”

The design, art students have
agreed, is “the work of a genius
who captured accurately the true
moods of the great President.”

Many State employees, to be sure,
have viewed the Albany model, but
to those who have not availed them-
selves of such a treat, officials of the
Albany Institute of History and Art
extend a cordial invitation.

Incidentally, employees of the
Capitol and the State Office Build-
ing daily can gaze upon the classic
features of President George Wash-
ington, for a handsome statue of the
Father of Our Country stands in
Capitol Park, athwart the greens-
ward between the two historic Al-
bany buildings.

Remember the Red Cross

A War Fund of $200,000,000 will
be asked of the American public
next month to finance wartime op-
erations of the American Red Cross,
it has been announced by Chairman
Norman H. Davis.

The goal for the third Red Cross
War Fund campaign was set after
the central committee of the Ameri-
can Red Cross carefully reviewed
budget estimates for local, national
and international work of the Red
Cross for the year beginning March
1. Of this sum, $140,000,000 will be
required by the national organiza-
tion to finance its national and inter-
national activities, of which approx-
imately 85 per cent will be spent di-
rectly for Red Cross services to
America’s men in the fighting forces.

The remainder of the national
goal, $60,000,000, represents the ap-
proximate aggregate of amounts re-
quired by 3,766 chapters for work
in their own communities. Most of
the money will be used to help ser-
vicemen and their families.

State workers throughout New
York State ‘should remember this
vital collection for humanity, and
prepare for it.

Girl Apprentice
State Industrial Commissioner
Edward Corsi noted the approval
and registration of the first female
machinist apprentice by the New
York State Apprenticeship Council.

She is 18-year-old Vivian Ruth
Holcomb of Rochester. James A.
Stiles, director of apprentice train-
ing in the State Department of La-
bor, informed Commissioner Corsi
that Miss Holcomb has been ap-
prenticed to the Wilmot Castle
Company of Rochester, manufac-
turers of physicians’ and dentists’
and hospital apparatus and equip-
ment.

Miss Holcomb will receive 60
cents an hour for the first 1,000
hours of her apprenticeship with her
pay graduated each 1,000 hours to
the final or eighth such period, for
which she will receive 95 cents an
hour, On her graduation to journey-
manship she will receive the same
rate as male journeymen.

BACK THE ATTACK . . . BUY MORE WAR BONDS TODAY

44

The State Employee
By E. G. McLAUGHLIN
Chief Examiner, State Department of
Civil Service
(Address delivered at Conference of
Personnel Representatives of State

Departments)

The Examinations Division is re-
sponsible for the recruitment of
qualified employees for competitive
class positions, and in the perform-
ance of this function it has obliga-
tions to the present employees, the
taxpayers, and in a very large mea-
sure, to the operating departments,
which are charged with carrying on
the State’s business.

When a vacancy is to be filled,
for which there is no existing pre-
ferred, promotion or open competi-
tive eligible list, an examination
must be held and the decision made
as to whether it isto be open com-
petitive or promotion. Section 16
of the Civil Service Law and Rule
XIV provide that vacancies in po-
sitions in the competitive class shall
be filled so far as practicable by pro-
motion from among persons hold-
ing positions in a lower grade. Sec-
tion 16 of the Law provides further
that when an appointing officer re-
quests an open competitive exam-
ination to fill a vacancy, he shall
state the reasons why it is deemed
impracticable to fill such vacancy
by promotion, and the notice of
such request shall be publicly and
conspicuously posted in the office
of such appointing officer and in
the office of the Civil Service Com-
mission for a period of fifteen days.

In the majority of cases, it is
quite obvious when promotion is
required, for instance, from clerk
to senior clerk, or from junior audi-
tor to assistant auditor, where there
are usually a number of employees
in a position in direct line of pro-
motion. In the case of entrance
grades in such positions as physi-
cians, teachers, and engineers, it is
equally obvious that the method of
Tecruitment must on an open com-
petitive basis. The principal diffi-
culty has been in positions for which
there is not an apparent promotion
line, but for which employees con-
sider their training or experience
has qualified them. In this situa-
tion, where the appointing officer
desires to request an open competi-

February

Examinations

tive examination, the posting period
affords an opportunity to those who
consider themselves qualified to pro-
test. The protest and the qualifica-
tions of each protesting employee
should be forwarded to the Civil
Service Department for considera-
tion as soon as possible so that the
decision as to whether there should
be an open competitive or a promo-
tion examination will not be de-
layed. At the same time, the ap-
pointing officer should submit the
views of his Department on the
practicability of promotion so that
we will be fully informed in reach-
ing our decision, or in deciding on
the necessity for a hearing. Submit-
ting protests and pertinent informa-
tion promptly and completely is es-
sential in order to avoid long-drawn
out correspondence and procrastina-
tion in coming to a decision. Exam-
ination announcements have some-
times been delayed for months while
employers and employees were sub-
mitting statements of their respec-
tive points of view. The Commis-
sion’s policy is to promote where
there appears to be an adequate
number of qualified employees to
compete, which is in accord with
good personnel standards and with
a career service.

There may be occasions, when we
have no list under the same title
as your vacancy, that we determine
another list with a different title
but sufficiently related duties and re-
quirements to be appropriate. In
our opinion the fact that the elig-
ible has been qualified in a related
field is sufficient evidence that with
a short period of training or ex-
perience, he can satisfactorily fill the
vacancy. At first, it may appear
costly for the operating department
to spend a month in training a new
employee who lacks certain previ-
ous specialized training or experi-
ence, but it would cost the State of
New York far more to examine
thousands of candidates for the spe-
cialized title when an appointee
from an existing list can be trained
in a month or two to handle the job.
Then, too, the appointing officer
gains the advantage of filling his
vacancy on a permanent basis much
more quickly than if he had to wait
the outcome of a new examination.

He does not have to spend time
training a temporary employee who
may be eventually replaced by a
permanent employee who will prob-
ably also need some orientation to
the job.

One of the most important phases
of the examination process is the
preparation of a proper announce-
ment, whether for an open compe-
titive or a promotion examination.
The announcement is an informa-
tion bulletin to the prospective can-
didate showing the duties of the po-
sition; the minimum education;
training, and experience he must
have had in order to take the ex-
amination; the knowledges, ‘skills,
and abilities he must possess; and
the subjects in which he is to
be examined, with their relative
weights. This information serves as

a guide to him in preparing for the |

examination as well as a’ guide to
the examiner in planning and con-
structing the examination and in
considering the qualifications of ap-
plicants.

It is vitally important, therefore,
that the announcement be accurate
and complete. If the Classification
Division has made a recent survey,
there will probably be an up-to-date
specification for the position, For
some positions where it has not been
necessary to hold an examination or
make a classification survey in many
years, perhaps since the original
Griffenhagen Classification of 1932,
the duties may have changed ma-
terially requiring a new specifica-
tion, Sometimes, new legislation or
changing conditions shift the em-
phasis of the duties of a position.
The appointing officer, if possible,
should submit the information on
any change in the duties of a posi-
tion when he requests an eligible
list for filling such a position. Occa-
sionally, it has been found that the
duties of a position (or a whole class
of positions) have changed so ra-
dically that it is no longer eyen
properly classified,

For most classes of positions, there
are standard specifications that have
been prepared by. the Classification
Division. Since these specifications
include similar positions in different
departments, they must be drawn in
rather broad terms which may need

45

to be more specifically defined in

an examination announcement that

"is designed to give information to

prospective applicants. The biggest
stumbling block in the preparation
of the announcement has ee to
obtain agreement on the minimum
qualification requirements, and it
was found in a survey made about
two years ago that some of the
worst delays in the establishment of
eligible lists occurred between the
date the examination was author-
ized and the date announced, be-
cause of this difficulty. Appointing
officers do not return promptly the
tentative announcements sent to
them for suggestions or approval or
they are insistent upon a specific
training or experience requirement
which we do not consider essential.
So many times when such a require-
ment has been included in an an-
nouncement, the appointing officer
found a provisional who did not
meet the requirement but did such
a fine job that there was a great
deal of bitterness and dissatisfac-
tion when we disapproved the pro-
visional for not possessing the mini-
mum _ qualifications.

Announcement should be con-
structed in accordance with standard
specifications and not to fit an in-
dividual. Theoretically, minimum
qualifications for entrance to an ex-
amination should be unnecessary.
However, because of the practical
difficulties in examining an unlimit-
ed number of candidates, it is con-
sidered expedient to restrict compe-
tition to those believed to be most
likely to succeed in the job. In more
than one session of the Legislature,
there has been a movement to elimi-
nate education and experience re-
quirements for entrance to exam-
inations, and if we abuse our dis-
cretion by making the minimum
qualifications requirements unrea-
sonably exclusive, legislation may be
passed to eliminate them entirely or
we may be overruled in the courts
as in one previous examination.
Minimum qualifications should ful-

. fill their aim of setting the mini-

mum training, education, and ex-
perience without which a  prospec-
tive employee would not be likely
to do a good job.

For the purpose of the examina-
tion announcement, the examiner
wants to obtain from the appointing
officer a complete description of the
work performed, including such in-

46

formation as records kept, sources
of information, such as rules, regu-
lations, and manuals, relation of the
duties of the position to other of-
fice functions, and whether all posi-
tions with the same title in his De-
partment include substantially the
same duties as the particular va-
cancy to be filled. In determining
the scope of the examination, the
examiner takes into consideration
whether from the description, of the
job and the qualifications necessary
to fill it satisfactorily, the emphasis
should be on background know-
ledge of a technical nature or of the
work of the particular department,
or on ability to apply such know-
ledge to a practical situation, or on
aptitudes for certain types of work.
In an open competitive examina-
tion, the emphasis is usually differ-
ent from that in a promotion ex-
amination, since candidates in an
open competitive examination can-
not be expected to have an intimate
knowledge of the internal organ-
ization, procedures, and problems
of a department.

In setting up an examination, es-
pecially for professional or technical
positions, consideration is given to
whether the test should be mainly
one of a candidate’s knowledge of
the narrow field in which the im-
mediate vacancy exists or a sampling
of his knowledge of the broad gen-
eral field in which he is secking em-
ployment, which potentially should
make him adaptable in different
types of work and better fitted for
promotion. The relative importance
of the value of the types of tests
to be included determines the
weight the examiner assigns to
them.

In deciding upon the weight to
be given to the various subjects of
the examination, various factors are
taken into consideration. In higher
grade examinations, requiring com-
paratively long experience of a high
quality, the greater weight is usually
given to that subject since it is con-
sidered to be a better measure of the
candidate’s ability than is his per-
formance on a written test; in posi-
tions at the entrance level for which
a relatively short period of training
and experience is required, but for
which a candidate must possess a
basic amount of factual knowledge
or general intelligence, a greater
weight is given to the written exam-
ination which is designed to test

\

such knowledge or ability. In some
examinations a machine perform-
ance test may be included if it is
desirable and practicable. -

In promotion examinations, ser-
vice record rating and seniority must
also be included as examination sub-
jects. The service record rating is
thé operating department’s oppor-
tunity to determine to some extent
the outcome of a promotion exam-
ination. The performance of an em-
ployee on the job in many instances
is more important in eluding his
competence for promotion than is
his performance in a written exam-
ination. We sometimes hear that a
candidate who has topped a promo-
tion list is not, satisfactory, but we
find that his service record rating
may have been considered above the
average rating of 82. Therefore, ser-
vice record rating that you give em-
ployees, should, as nearly as _pos-
sible, represent the value of their
performance on the job,

The° appointing officer should
thoroughly review the tentative an-
nouncement sent to him for sug-
gestions or-approval so that he will
catch any inconsistencies that may
not apply to his Department. This
is especially true in promotion an-
nouncements where the appointing
officer, presumably concentrating on
one section of the announcement
may miss some thing with which
he should be familiar, only to have
it discovered by an employee after
the announcement has been issued.
This necessitates re-issuing the an-
nouncement which results in dis-
trust and lack of confidence of both
your motives and ours.

In reviewing promotion an-
nouncements that have been sent to
you for review, it is important to
note if the minimum qualification
requirements will result in too nar-
row a restriction in the field of com-
petition. If so, call it to our atten-
tion and we will give full considera-
ation to your suggestion and if con-
sistent with our general promotion
policy, we will adopt it. Promotion
units have been agreed upon be-
tween the operating departments
and the Civil Service Department.
An effort was made, especially in po-
sitions in the higher grades, to make
promotion units as wide as possible
in order to improve efficiency and

(Continued on page 55)

The State Employee
William J, Peterson of the State
Labor Relations Board in New York
City, is a lucky man —his literary
contribution has been adjudged the
winning entry in the Short Story
Contest of “The State Employee”
this month.

Why not get into the Short Story
Contest today? You may easily be
the winner, just as were Mr. Peter-
son and the other Association mem-
bers whose literary works have won
the contest on previous months.

The rules are simple, The story
must be fiction, must be about some
phase of State service, and must be
not more than 600 words in length.
The contest is open only to mem-
bers of the Association of State Civil
Service Employees, and all manu-
scripts become the property of “The
State Employee.”

Read Mr. Peterson’s winning
entry in the adjoining columns, stu-
dy his literary style, then get into
the contest yourself. The monthly
award of $10 awaits you. Don’t
tarry—do it today! ,

"Salvage is service"

Patroon

ALBANY'S COMPLETE
FUEL SERVICE
Quality Fuels to meet each
requirement. Engineer and
combustion service for all

equipment.
SERVICE
and
REPLACEMENTS

Use D & H Cone-Cleaned Anthracite

Herzog & Vernoy, Inc.

COAL, COKE, FUEL OIL
TELEPHONE 5-3581

The Winning Short Story

MAN AND TREE
BY WILLIAM J. PETERSON ¢

“Too bad, Joe,” consoled my best friend, “that’s the breaks of the game.”
Nice words—lovely sentiment—but nothing else. Eddie had been my last
hope. The others—well when they turned me down, I hadn’t felt too badly,
for I knew I still had Eddie to call on for help. But now Eddie, my last
resort, the man I had done so many favors for—now he joined the long list
of those who offered sympathy, but no monetary aid. And the thing I
needed most—even, more than friendly words—was money to save my home.
But all of my friends—now even Eddie—had failed me.

How bitter was life! And as I stood there is the street, thinking of my
unhappy plight, I suddenly became conscious that I was leaning against
something. Oh!—a telegraph: pole. No consolation in that. So I went back
to my thoughts.

And I saw a forest, cool and refreshing. There stood a tall tree, with
spreading limbs covered with green leaves. This tree—stately and handsome
—king of the forest—was vitally alive and enjoying life in its all. The sun
was warm and friendly. The earth provided it with food. The babbling brook
close by seeped through the ground to slake its thirst. Every day birds sat
on its branches and sang their beautiful songs. And when there was a gentle
breeze, even the tree itself joyously sang in the rustle of its leaves. Ah, life
was then sweet! In this paradise of nature, with its pure air, with friends all
around, this tree stood for all the years of its life—contended and happy.

Then along came Man, the Master! And coming ‘to this tree in its
glory, he said, “I am going to cut you down; cut off your limbs and green
leaves. I am going to take away your life. I am going to take you out of
er paradise of trees and birds. Because you must serve ME, Man, your

faster.”

And so it was done. That beautiful tree was cut down, taken out of
its its paradise to the City of Man. And it became the telegraph pole against
which I was leaning—bare, ugly, alone. No more robins singing, no more
babbling brook, no more the cool and refreshing air of the forest. Instead,
the rasping tooting of automobile horns, the impure air of the City, the
terrible heat of the City’s pavements.

And yet, in spite of it all, that tree was still serving Man, the Master.
Uncomplaining, yes even proud, it stood there—upright, straight, bearing
the weight of the wires man had put upon it. To the end serving Man, the
Master, who gave nothing and took all.

My train of thoughts came to an end. And I realized how bitter I had
felt in the loss of some of my possessions, how I had raved about the injus-
tice of it. Me, a man made out of nothing and put here to serve the Great
Master, God. And here was this majestic Tree, bereft of all its possessions,
of its very life, yet faithful and loyal to the end. Uncomplaining, yes even
proud, it stood there—upright, straight, bearing the weight of the wires man
had put upon it. To the end serving Man, the Master, who gave nothing
and took all.

Much chastened, I turned to the telegrph pole against which I had
been leaning, bowed low and said, “Majestic Tree, I thank you. I thank
you for giving me consolation, for I now realize how big you are in the loss
of everything, and how small I have been in the loss of but one of my
worldly possessions.”

And I distinctly heard the tree reply, “At your service, Master.”

ESTABLISHED 1898
“Our Business Is Growing”
UNUSUAL FLORAL ARRANGEMENTS
We Grow Our Own

FLORIST
121 NORTH PEARL STREET

AT

ANS

THE STATE EMPLOYEE

Official Publication of

‘THE ASSOCIATION OF STATE CIVIL
SERVICE EMPLOYEES

OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, Inc.

Room 156 State Capitol Albany, N. Y.

Editor
Art Editor
Staff Photographer
William J. Kennedy
Editorial Board
William F, McDonough
Thomas C. Stowell
Theodore Becker
Wayne Soper
William E. Cashin
Beulah Bailey Thull
Association Officers
Harold J. Fisher - - - - - President
Clifford C. Shoro - First Vice-President

John A. McDonald - Second Vice-President
Milton Schwartz - Third Vice-President

Harold J. Fisher
Roger Stonehouse

Earl P. Pfannebecker + Treasurer
John T. DeGraf - - - - - Counsel
Janet Macfarlane Secretary

William F. McDonough - - Exec. Rep.
Joseph D. Lochner - - Exec. Secretary

>

History

Surveys made during the past few
years, notably that of New York
Times’ of early 1943, deplore the
lack of time devoted to the study of
history.

We take a few lines to recall a
really great President of the United
States and one of the things that
made him great. His Name:
Rutherford B, Hayes. The Problem:
The Merit System. The time: 1877.

The: historians—James Truslow
Adams and Charles Garrett Vannest
—Have this to say: “The problem
was not easy to solve. In a démoc-
racy there is no way known to us
of carrying on government other
than by means of parties, A party
to be effective must be organized
and lasting. That means that it must
have a hierarchy of organizers of all
grades from the national leaders
down to the smallest of ward bosses.
If the general mass, both politicians
and voters, are moved by desire of
personal profit, the spoils of office
are bound to be highly important in
holding the organization together.
If reform is carried out so rapidly

48

as to destroy the strength of the or-
ganization, we merely substitute for
the evil of patronage the evil of a
breakdown in party organization,
with ensuing political chaos.”

“Such problems may be ap-
proached from three standpoints,
that of the practical politician of the
ordinary moral level, that of the im-
practical reformer, and that of the
statesman. The politician wishes no
reform whatever in a system which
he understands how to use and be-
lieves to be essential. The reformer
wishes to change everything rapid-
ly. The statesman wishes to make
progress, and as rapidly as possible,
but realizes that he cannot go faster
than he can induce public opinion to
support him. In any case he is likely
to be damned by both the other
types, by the reformer because of his
alleged inconsistency and because he
does not do enough, and by the poli-
tician because of his alleged lack of
loyalty and because he does too
much.”

President Hayes was the first Pre-
sident with the courage to meet the
problem of clean government head-

“on, That public opinion was sloth-

ful did not deter him. Under
“guardianship” of the Indian Bu-
reau in the Department of the In-
terior, the Indians were being
robbed by political parasites. Under
the Secretary of the Treasury, the
New York Custom House was
manned and mulcted by a corrupt
political boss. The stench rose to
high heaven.

Hayes was openly defied by the
spoilsmen because he was right!
Congress in those days—much as in
these—labored with form and fancy
and substance had to wait. In his
diary, after hungry politicians had
temporarily halted his attempts to
clean the political temple, Hayes
wrote: “The end is not yet. I am
right and I shall not give up the
contest.”

We can thank God, that Hayes
like other sturdy defenders of the
merit system in government, would
rather be right than President.
Hayes did more than any official,
small or great, to outlaw, in the
minds of decent men, the spoils sys-

tem. Every little while that system
raises its loathsome head even in
our own State. It will not die so
long as error survives among the
human race, It is the temptation to
which men in public life are most
likely to yield. The historians we
quoted earlier say this of Hayes:
y . neither the party nor the
people supported Hayes . . . Hayes
undoubtedly deserves credit for be-
ing the first President to fight to
cleanse our politics of the gigantic
evils of the spoils system . . . in this
he belonged to the coming era
rather than to the one which was
passing.” And’ they add: “There
was not the faintest chance for
Hayes of a renomination in 1880.”

If this bit of history has stimulat-
ed thought of the merit system
which system you enjoy as a State
worker largely because of President
Hayes, you will find more about it
any library. It makes good reading.

To the Victor

America is only as. virile as its
schools. With the little red school
house and its rich relations all the
way up to the great university, rests
the fate of human progress.

The most encouraging and hope-
ful sign that civilization may sur-
vive barbarism is the light in the
temple of our schools, There is a
stirring —healthy and humble —
among the leaders of educational in-
stitutions and the people generally.
“Objectives, principles, curricula,
practice” relative to changes in edu-
cational procedure are the advance
guard of the challenging army of
culture,

When in the clutch of circum-
stance of war we found the hope of
release in the resource stored up in
the minds of the personnel of armed
forces and we realized for the first
time that safety itself depended
upon knowledge, we made one of
the really great discoveries of man-
kind. For the rest of the world
henceforth must follow our example
if they would ever hope to survive.
How red the faces of national and
international leaders, all caught nap-
ping by past neglect of the full de-
velopment of the resource of the

The State Employee
inherent “in the

human mind
masses!”

It is pretty well conceded that
war does not pay in material ways
so far as nations fairly civilized are
concerned. World War No. 1 was
fought by the most civilized of the
peoples of the earth and the victors
suffered equally with the van-
quished. There is only one group
that will come out of this war richer
than when they went in and that
is the one that embraces the mil-
lions of young men and young wo-
men who in the armed services and
in war-time industry have caught
the vision of what knowledge can
do for them and the future they will
have the opportunity to build.

This Association is proud of the
fact that it has spoken out again
and again through the pages of this
magazine for more and more educa-
tion for the youth of America. We
are so obviously winning the war
because of the mental capacity of
our pople and the insatiable long-
ing and the glorious sacrifices of
American fathers and mothers of
the cities, the farms and the plains
that their boys and girls should
“have good schooling,” that no sel-
fish power can ever thwart our col-
leges and higher institutions of
learning in the future.

If ever a devil walked with the
people of the United States in the
past we know now that he was the
selfish politician, the selfish capital-
ist, the selfish laborer, the selfish
tax-payer, who would ‘be and was
niggardly with educational needs.
There have been educational isola-
tionists as there have been other iso-
lationists and they have often pre-
vailed to the extent that boys and
girls—American boys and girls—
divided only by a river or a row of
trees, the color of their skin, or the
economic status of their parents, en-
joyed different standards of educa-
tional opportunities,

Billions for war? Much more vi-
tal and pressing are billions for edu-
cation and peace and the opportun-
ity to pursue happiness side by side
with cultured citizens on all levels
of human endeavor! This last is
the vision, and those who reject it
shall perish: In post-war planning,
education must come first. It has
won the war—to it, the garland of
victory!

February v

Credo
T BELIEVE
That there are greater things in
life than life itself.

I BELIEVE

In struggling upward, even
though the spent and weary thing
I call my body cries “Halt!”
I BELIEVE

To the last. breath in the great
truths God gives me to see; and

I BELIEVE

In fighting for them, if need be,
not with the bloody sword of man,
brutal with conquest, and drunk
with power, but with the white
sword of God, white with His truth
and healing while it slays.
I BELIEVE

In my country and her destiny, in
the great dream of her founders, in
her -high place among the nations,
in her noble ideals.
I BELIEVE

That her democracy must be pro-
tected, her principles cherished, her
freedom defended.

I BELIEVE

Humbly before the Almighty, but
proudly before all mankind, that we
must safe-guard her standard, the
vision of her Washington, the mar-
tyr-place of her Lincoln, with all:
the patriot ardor of the “Minute
Man” and the “Boys in Blue” of
her glorious past.
I BELIEVE

In loyalty to my Country, utter,
irrevocable, inviolate.

THOU to whom a thousand years
are as one day and as a watch in the
night, HELP ME, in my frailty, TO

MAKE REAL what I believe.
—ELIAS LIEBERMAN.

Game Licenses

John A. White, State Conserva-
tion Commissioner, has reminded
hunters and fishermen throughout
New York State that hunting, fish-
ing and trapping licenses may be ob-
tained through the mail without the
necessity of appearing in person.

Applications for license may be
obtained by mail from the following
license issuing agencies: City, town
or village clerks; county clerks, dis-
trict offices of the Conservation De-
partment, and through the Conser-
vation Department’s main office in
Albany.

Watch Your Speech

“Remember careless talk costs
lives.” 4

“Think before you talk, the
enemy may be listening.”

“TE you tell it to SOMEONE,
who repeats it to SOMEONE, who's
overheard by SOMEONE in axis
pay, SOMEONE you know may
die.”

“Don’t talk about anything you
see or hear if it effects the war, un-
less you've seen it in the newspapers
or heard it over the radio.”

DON’T tell the name of ships.

DON’T tell locations or names of

airfields.

DON’T tell locations of organi-

zations overseas.

DON’T tell the station or assign-

ment of individuals.

DON’T discuss the size or routes

of convoys.

DON’T discuss sailing points or

destinations,

DON’T discuss airplane routes.

DON'T discuss our weapons or

airplanes or tactics.

DON’T discuss instruments of

any kind, :

‘Bel ROOMS - CHARLES E. ROCHESTER, V. P. & Ng. Bir.

LEXINGTON AVE. AT 48th ST., N.Y. 6. 17

49

By THEODORE BECKER
State Department of Civil Service
TRANSIT COMMISSION
TRANSFERS

Former officers and employees of
the Transit Commission who were
transferred to the Public Service
Commission when the Transit Com-
mission was abolished last year can-
not be demoted or promoted after
such transfer except in accordance
with the provisions of the Civil Ser-
vice Law. Thus ruled the Attorney-
General in a formal opinion, dated
December 27, 1943, in which he
stated:

“In my opinion Section 3 of Chap-
ter 170 of the Laws of 1943, as
amended by Chapter 238 of the
Laws of 1943, authorizes the State
Division of Public Service to change
the titles and designations of persons
transferred only to the extent neces-
sary to conform their former Tran-
sit Commission titles and designa-
tions with the titles and designations
of similar positions in the State Di-
vision.”

“Former employees and officers
of the abolished Transit Commis-
sion, except for their right under
Section 3 to be transferred directly
to the State Division without being
put upon a preferred list under Sec-
tion 31 of the Civil Service Law and
except for their right to be chosen
for appointment without reference
to previous service where three or
less were involved, have no greater

- or different rights or disabilities
than any other civil service em-
ployee.”

CLASSIFICATION IN THE

COURTS

The importance of thoroughly
preparing and presenting your classi-
fication appeal before the Classifica-
tion Board and the Civil Service
Commission is emphasized by a re-
cent decision of the Appellate Divi-
sion of the Supreme Court in the
case of a State employee whose
classification appeal had been denied
by these agencies. The appellate
court sustained an Albany County
Supreme Court ruling that the de-
termination of the Classication
Board affirmed by the Civil Service
Commission should be upheld, In
its reported opinion, the lower court
had stated that classification is a

50

matter for administrative agencies
and not for the courts; that these
agencies had not acted in an arbit-
rary, illegal or discriminatory man-
ner in the exercise of their judg-
ment and, therefore, the classifica-
tion should. not be upset. (Levine
v. Connelly, decided December 28,
1943.)
EXEMPT VOLUNTEER
FIREMEN

If you live in a community ser-
viced by a volunteer fire company
it may be to your advantage to join
such company. Exempt volunteer
firemen, like veterans of prior wars,
are given special protection in their
civil service jobs, whether competi-
tive, non-competitive or exempt. Re-
cently a chief of village police and
a laborer in a State department were
ordered reinstated by the Supreme
Courts of Wayne and Rensselaer
Counties, respectively, because they
had been removed without the hear-
ing on charges to which they were
entitled as exempt volunteer fire-
men. (Birney y. O'Leary; Dickin-
son y. Monroe). Ordinarily, an em-
ployee can be removed from a non-
competitive or exempt position with-
out charges. Also, he can be re-
moved from a competitive position
without a hearing. However, if an
employee is an exempt volunteer
fireman and occupies a subordinate
position in the exempt or non-com-
petitive class (other than a position
as private secretary, cashier or
deputy of an official or a depart-
ment), or occupies a position in the,
competitive class, he cannot be re-
moved except after a hearing on
charges of incompetency or miscon-
duct, with a right to court review
if found guilty. Furthermore, in
case an exempt volunteer fireman is
about to be laid off because of lack
of work or funds, he is entitled to
be transferred to any position that
may be vacant. The status of exempt
volunteer firemen is usually ac-
quired after five years of service in
a volunteer fire company.

An important thing to remember
is that after you acquire the status
of an exempt volunteer fireman you
should notify your department or,
institution head of this fact. If you
have had ample opportunity to sup-
ply this information before your re-

Civil Service Notes

moval is completed and neglect to
do so, you may be deemed to have
waived and lost your right to the
special privileges given to exempt
volunteer firemen.

STATE CIVIL SERVICE LAWS,
RULES AND REGULATIONS

The latest edition of the State
Civil Service Law, Rules and Regu-
lations, which brings up to date the
provisions of the law and rules re-
lating to such subjects as appoint-
ments, probationary terms, trans-
fers, promotions, disciplinary ac-
tions, lay-offs, leaves of absence, re-
instatement, increments, salary ad-
justments, and classification of po-
sitions, has just come off the press
and copies are now available for dis-
tribution,

Among the features of the 212
page publication of the State Civil
Service Commission are:

1. the sections of the State Mili-
tary Law dealing with the civil ser-
vice status and rights of persons in
the federal armed forces;

2. provisions of the Feld-Hamil-
ton Law, applicable to thousands of
Mental Hygiene employees since Oc-
tober 1, 1943;

3. special statutes providing addi-
tional war emergency compensation,
minimum salaries for 1943-44, tem-
porary salary increases for certain
institutional employees, and volun-
tary overtime pay;

4. rules relating to special war du-
ration leaves and appointments,
classification and reclassification of
positions, and service record ratings;

5. regulations for establishing dis.
abled war veteran’s preference in
appointments and promotions;

6. the Fite civil service extension
law, under which civil service has
been extended to the counties,
towns, villages, school districts and
special districts throughout the
State;

7. the statute authorizing the ap-
pointment of temporary policemen
and temporary firemen;

8. a key-word index.

Copies of the publication are fifty
cents each and may be obtained by
calling at the offices of the State De-
partment of Civil Service, 26th floor,
State Office Building, Albany, or
by writing to Mr. Harry G, Fox at
the same address. Copies may also

The State Employee
be purchased at the New York City
offices of the department in Room
576 at 80 Centre Street, Manhattan.
Mail orders must be accompanied by
a check or money order payable to
the State Department of Civil Ser-
vice,

PERSONNEL OFFICERS’
RESPONSIBILITIES

A ten-point program under which
operating departments in State ser-
vice can carry their share of the re-
sponsibility for effective personnel
administration was outlined by Fred
A. Schumacher, of the Department
of Social Welfare, at the recent Al-
bany conference of departmental
“personnel officers sponsored by the
State Civil Service Commission. Mr.
Schumacher, in his talk on -“Get-
ting Employees Recruited and Pro-
moted” from the operating depart-
ment’s point of view, listed the fol-
lowing points:

1. Operating departments should
on the whole understand more than
appears at present to be:the case the
varied functions of the Classifica-
tion Division, the Salary Standard-
ization Board, and the Division of
the Budget, especially with respect
to new and reclassified positions.

2. Operating departments should
review their entire title structure
periodically and clarify organiza
tional patterns, lines of promotion,
positions requiring reclassification,
etc.

3. Operating departments should
prepare duties statements and job
analyses especially on _ positions
which are peculiar to their own op-
eratons.

4, Operating departments should
speed up the examination processes
by requesting examinations as soon
as vacancies occur and by carefully
reviewing and promptly returning
tentative examination announce-
ments. Conferences should be re-
quested with the Examinations Di-
vision of the Department of Civil
Service on most questions and diffi-
culties which cannot easily be ironed
out by correspondence.

5. Operating departments should
assist the Department of Civil Ser-
vice in publicizing examination an-
nouncements as widely and fully as
possible in order to attract the great-
est possible number of competent
candidates,

Operating departments should
assist the Department of Civil Ser-
vice in the pooling of personnel poli-

February

cies to bring about more uniformity
‘on such common matters as yaca-
tion, sick leave, overtime, leaves of
absence, etc. :

7. Operating departments should
give much more thought to the plan
for rating employees; and should
not merely file the results but utilize
them wherever and whenever pos-
sible. In this connection they might
also well consider some sort of peri-
odic rating devices whereby employ-
ees might seek to improve them-
selves. This would-help to attain
Judge Conway’s concept of the
merit system, as expressed in his re-
cent remarks: “That the system
must serve first all of the people of
the State of New York by providing
for governmental agencies reputable
men and women qualified, industri-
ous, and conscientious, and by rec-
ommending those men and women
upon the basis of what they know
and not on the basis of whom they
know .. .”

8. Operating departments could
well originate and report various
surveys, and studies, with relation
to personnel which would be of in-
estimable value not only to the De-
partment of Civil Service but to
other operating departments as well.
This might be a means of making
personnel administration more of a
science.

9. Operating departments could
assist in building up and using the
library of the Department of Civil
Service. An interchange of materi-
als would be helpful.

10. Last, but not least, operating
departments could consult with one
another on difficult personnel situ-
ations and discuss the handling of
common problems.

THE CAPITOL
RESTAURANT
IN THE STATE CAPITOL
Splendid Food
Pleasant Atmosphere

Open Daily from 7 AM, to 7 P.M.
Saturdays from 7 AM. to 3 PM.

Under the management of

PETER: GIFTOS

CONSULT AN OCULIST
FOR YOUR EYES

FREDETTE’S
Dispensing
Opticians
Complete Optical Service

DIAL 42754
63-A Columbia St, Albany, N. Y.

Phone 4-1188

HOLMES BROS.
FLORISTS

*

15 Steuben Street
ALBANY, N. Y.

You Can Help

AMERICA
When

by going in MID-WEEK to
ease WEEK-END congestion

Wartime conditions tend to crowd trans-
portation facilities on week-ends when
soldiers and war workers travel. You

+ can aid by going places during the mid-

week when possible —and by getting
tickets and information in advance to
avoid delays at departure time.

e
GREYHOUND TERMINAL
350 Broadway, Albany Phone 46165

GREYHOUND

INES:

51

The Annual Dinner Event!
MARCH 2nd... 7:00 P. M. Sharp

’ DeWitt Clinton Hotel-Albany
DINNER * DANCE + SHOW

Guests of Honor:
HIS EXCELENCY, GOVERNOR THOMAS E. DEWEY
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR, JOE R. HANLEY

Prominent Executive, Legislative and
Administrative Officials

Tickets for the dinner have been distributed to members of
the social committee and the executive committee so that they
are readily available to all employees. Members outside Al-
bany may write to Association Headquarters to make reser-
vations. Remittances to cover the cost of tickets, and the
names of the employees or guests who will attend should ac-
company requests for reservations.

Due to war conditions, accommodations are limited to 450.
Previous experience indicates that this will make it impossible
to care for all reservations. Reservations should be received
at Headquarters by February 2Ist. They will be accepted in
order of receipt. Get yours in early and avoid disappointment!

THE COST — Dinner — Show — Dance — $2.50

Charles H. Foster of the Division of the Budget is Chairman of the
Social Committee.

Counties High

The State Department of Agricul-
ture points with pride to the 1940
U. S. Census of Agriculture, which
showed many New York State coun-
ties had an outstanding place in the
nation’s agricultural picture.

For example, the 62 counties of
New York State averaged 277,000
acres of land in farms each, of which
108,000 acres were used for crops.

Among the 100 leading counties
in the United States, 21 New York
State counties were listed for cows
milked on farms, with St. Lawrence *
County leading the entire nation.
Delaware County was fifth and Jef-
ferson County eighth among the
first 100.

In the country’s 100 leading coun-
ties in acerage of hay, St. Lawrence
ranked third, Jefferson fifth, and
Delaware eighth.

Buy War Bonds

Thirst

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
THE ASSOCIATION OF STATE CIVIL SERVICE

Pay YOUR
1944 Dues
TODAY!

Print Lost Nome Here

Residence ................

Work Address.
Dept. Employed.

Institution or Div...

52

First Name

Dues to December 31, 1944, $1.50, $1 of which is for a year's subscription to the
Service Leader” and’ 30 cents of which is for subscription to the "State Emplo)

EMPLOYEES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

The Only N. Y, State-Wide, All State-Employee Organization
Room 156, State Capitol, Albany, N. Y.

initial

Title.

The State Employee
Useful Patients
Pilgrim State Hospital at Brent-
wood, and one of its occupational

therapy instructors, Owen Mc-
Gough, come in for a fine tribute in
“Plane News,” official publication
of the company that is turning out
the famed Grumman Hellcats and
other planes that have dealt the Axis
one heavy blow after another.

Each month a committee at the
Grumman plant awards prizes for
constructive suggestions from em-
ployees. McGough became the first
person outside the company ever to
win the award, when he received
a $25 War Bond for submitting a
special gauge for measuring round
head rivets.

McGough devised a gauge while
supervising a group of patients sort-
ing rivets for Grumman’s salvage de-
partment at the Brentwood institu-
tion. By simplifying the task of re-
claiming rivets, McGough, the com-
mittee agreed, made a valuable con-
tribution to Grumman production.

McGough, in helping Grumman,
also has been helping patients under
his supervision to find mental bal-
ance. The task of sorting rivets al-
ways has been a bugbear to air-
craft management because it is too
costly. Yet the rivets, swept up in
great quantities from assembly floors,
are too scarce and expensive to
scrap. Grumman had tried various
rivet-sorting projects, none of them
satisfactory.

Here is what “Plane News” had
to say of the rivet-sorting plan de-
vised by McGough:

“About a year ago Dr. Harry J.

Worthing, director of Pilgrim State
Hospital, gave the O.K. to a plan
for letting a group of his patients
sort rivets for Grumman. From
long experience in occupational
therapy, he and his staff members
knew that such a humdrum task
might be just the thing for patients
who needed something to keep
them occupied. Being war work, it
would give them an incentive out-
side themselves and the satisfaction
of doing a useful job.

“To McGough was given the job
of organizing the hospital wood-
working shop into a rivet shop.
Having taught the men handicraft
in wood and metal, he was now to
try interesting them in a ‘war job.’

“Together they reorganized their
workshop. They begged large to-
mato cans from the kitchen and
made the cans into small shovels,
shades for electric light fixtures,
boxes to hold the rivets. The patients
were to be allowed to work five and
a half hours a day there, with five
minutes of radio news morning and
afternoon.

“The beginning group was made
up of the men who had been attend-
ing craft classes, plus a few others.
McGough started them all on the
simplest work—that of throwing
out the discards and sorting the rest
according to type of head, Those
who showed aptitude were pro-
moted to the more exacting tasks of
determining lengths to Ve of an
inch, One man, who in happier
days had been a packer by trade,
was allowed to box the finished
sacks of rivets for shipment back to

COST OF LIVING

Grumman. He loved this little re-
sponsibility. Be

“Some patients learned to sort
very fast and accurately, The thing
that pleased everyone, however, is
the fact that in the last three months
nine of these patients have recovered
sufficiently to be released from the
hospit

“Miniature blue and white pen-
nants—Grumman’s Navy ‘E’ burgee
—are displayed over the work
benches and in less than a year the
class sent back to Grumman five
tons of usable rivets, thereby con-
tributing in no small manner to the
war effort.”

Jobless Benefit

A report issued by Milton O. Loy-
sen, executive director of the State
Division of Placement and Unem-
ployment Insurance, disclosed un-
employment insurance benefit pay-
ments in December totaled $754,327,
for the lowest monthly outlay on
record. The average weekly check
was $15.66 or $1.59 more than in
December, 1942, and approximately

11,000 unemployed persons collected
benefits.

Dooley
Insurance Agency
We write all forms of insur-
ance including life, accident
and health.

Phone: Pearl River 732
77 Hillside Avenue
PEARL RIVER, N. Y.

‘These figures below, as of December 15, 1943, used in connection with the tables printed in the December
issue of “The State Employee,” will enable you to keep up to date on accepted facts as to living costs.

ry an
House furnishings
Miscellaneous

INDEXES

(Average 1935-39 = 100)

United

States

1244

137.1

134.6

108.1

109.5

1279

118.1

* Data for rent as of September 15. 1943.

February

New York
City Buffalo
125.1 126.1
139.1 137.6
138.8 133.4
1035 114.6
114.0 106.5
122.4 127.1
117.9 122.7

53

Classification
(Continued from page 43)
tions unless the Classification Board
has sent him its official recommen-
dations of titles for the positions re-

quested.
Eligibility for reclassified positions
Up to this point, I have concen-
trated on the classification of the
position itself, without considering
what happens to the incumbent.
The reclassification of a particular
position does not automatically
make the successful appellant elig-
ible for the reclassified title. Section”
47 of the Civil Service Law states
“that no employee either by classi-
fication, change of title, or other-
wise, shall be promoted except in
accordance with the provisions of
this chapter.” The Constitution of
this State and the Civil Service Law
which carries out its provisions re-
quire that appointments and pro-
motions in the State civil service
shall be made in accordance with
merit and fitness to be ascertained,
so far as practicable, by examina-
tions which, so far as practicable,
shall be competitive. This funda-
mental principle has in no way been
repealed or diminished by the Feld-
Ostertag Law. The Constitution and

the Civil Service Law, therefore, re- °

quire that the successful appellant
qualify for the reclassified title
through the normal procedure of
an ‘examination which, in most
cases, means by a promotion exam-
ination in competition with other
employees eligible to take it in the
same promotion unit!’ If there is
an appropriate eligible list in ex-
istence, the appointment must first
be made from that list. If there is
no such list, then it will be neces-
sary to hold an examination for the
purpose of establishing one.
When the Feld-Ostertag Law
went into effect on April 6, 1938, it
contained a temporary. provision
regarding reclassification appeals,
This is known as Section 48A of
the Civil Service Law which was
enacted for the purpose of correcting
titles of positions that were then im-
properly classified. It permitted suc-
cessful appellants to qualify for the
changed title without requiring ex-
aminations. This section, by its own
provisions, was limited to appeals
filed by employees by October 1,
1938, who had also shown to the
satisfaction of the Classification
Board that they had been perform-

54

ing the duties of the higher grade
titles for at least one year prior to
‘April 6, 1938. This section is no
longer available to most of the State
employees, although its provisions
were extended by later amendments
to positions that were not under
standard titles in 1938, The appeals
filed today come mainly under Sec-
tion 48 of the Civil Service Law
which requires the appellant to qua-
lify for eligibility as I have just de-
scribed to you.
Distinction between classification
and salary standardization
Before closing, let me recall for
you that the Temporary Salary
Standardization Board and the

Classification Board are two sep-

arate and distinct bodies whose
work is related to the civil service
of the State. The Salary Board is
not concerned with individual posi-
tions but with classes of positions.
It applies a salary grade to each such
class and all positions having that
title are affected by the salary allo-
cation. If they should reallocate a
class from one salary grade to
another, all positions in that class
benefit thereby.

The Classification Board, on the
other hand, deals with individual
positions and assigns descriptive
titles to each one. This has the ef-
fect of drawing together under one
title individual positions that may
be scattered around in various de-
partments. If you or your employee
is satisfied with the title of the posi-
tion but believes that a higher sal-
ary allocation should be paid to the
class, you should direct your appeal
to the salary Board and not to us,
nor should you come to this Board
asking for a higher title solely for
the purpose of securing more money
for the employee. If the Board finds
that the title of the position as it
now stands is appropriate, it will
deny the appeal and suggest that
you go to the Salary Board for relief.

My purpose in speaking to you to-
day on behalf of the Classification
Board has been mainly that of ex-
changing ideas with you, of letting
you know what our problems and
thoughts are on classification and
hearing your views on this subject.
I sincerely hope that this exchange
of ideas on our mutual problems
will lead to a smoother and more
efficient operation and service in the
future, and thank you very much
for your attention.

Special Offer of Group
Life Insurance During
April
Group Life Insurance will be of-
fered to Association members dur-
ing April without medical examina-
tion. This offer will be made to all
Association members under age 50,
who have not been rejected on the
basis of a medical examination un-

der Group Life Policy G-9000.

The Association’s Group Life In-
surance Policy was made effective
June 1, 1939. Since that time over
$900,000.00 has been paid to the
beneficiaries of deceased State em-
ployees. These claims have arisen in
every State department and almost
every State institution. The claims
have been paid promptly, as they
have been presented. The Associa-
tion’s Group Life Insurance has
been a great financial aid to hun-
dreds of bereaved families. You are
aware of the benefits of this insur-
ance. The families of hundreds of
your fellow State employees can tes-
tify to the need of such insurance.
If you do not now have this insur-
ance, fill out an application during
April and send it to the Association
office, Room 156, State Capitol, Al-
bany, New York.

If you do not receive special liter-
ature and applications which are
being prepared for distribution
among State employees ask your as-
sociation representative or write
Association headquarters for an ap-
plication.

The offer of Group Life Insur-
ance is made to all State employees.
Those State employees who are not
members of the Association may ap-
ply for Group Life Insurance. Their
applications will be acted upon if
they apply for membership in the
Association and become dues paying
members by April 30, 1944.

The Association’s Group Life In-
surance is low in cost, The payments
are deducted from your pay. The
insurance company underwriting the
policy is the Travelers Insurance
Company of Hartford, Conn.

This is the first waiver of the In-
surance Company’s medical exam-
ination requirement in nearly three
years. Take advantage of it and ap-
ply in April.

BUY WAR BONDS

The State Employee
ne. :

Non-Statutory Salaries

‘The following Salary rates for po-
sitions in the labor and exempt
classes have been approved by the
Director of the Budget and are ef-

fective as of January 1, 1944. All
appointments from that date will be

made at these rates. Appointments
made between October 1, 1943, and
December 31, 1943, at higher rates
will continue at the rate at which
appointed and such as may have
been made at lesser rates will be in-
creased to the rate now approved.

Baker’s helper $1,200
Cleaner 1,200
Domestic 1,000
Farmhand 1,200
Janitor 1,200
Kitchen helper 1,200
Laborer 1,200
Launderer 1,200
Maintenance helper 1,200
Power Plant helper 1,200
Teamster 1,200
Watchman * 1,200
The many workers in the Mental
Hygiene Department _ institutions

who are in the above mentioned po-
sitions are awaiting action by the
Civil Service Commission which
would remove them from Non-sta-
tutory standing to the competitive
or non-competitive classes. They are
confident that if the Commission will
study the situation and properly eval-
uate their work, they will obtain a
career service status. They base this
belief on the constitutional mandate
which requires that appointments
and promotions be made in accord
with merit system principles and
upon the career service law which
calls for equal pay for equal work
—both seemingly honest See
ment practices.

On October 25, 1943, a committee
representing the employees i in ques-
tion conferred with the Civil Ser-
vice authorities and there was every
indication that an early examination
of the different positions would be
made to decide as to their jurisdic-
tional classification, No advice has
been received from the Civil Service
Commission since the conference
and the action of the Budget Direc-
tor in announcing the salary scales
as above is disheartening to the
faithful workers involved. This is a
time when employee efficiency and
employee morale are very impor-
tant. The Association believes that

February

many of the positions cited should
without question be placed in the
competitive or non-competitive
classes. Prompt action along this
line would offer tremendous en-
couragement to the hospital employ-
ees affected and to the many institu-
tional workers who come in con-
tact with these groups day by day
and know the reasonableness of
their claim. They render exception-
ally valuable services in the opera-
tion of the institutions. The Asso-
ciation will again appeal for atten-
tion to these groups.

Examinations
(Continued from page 46)
employee morale. However, in some
cases promotion units are still too
narrow to provide real opportunities
for promotion and full utilization of
employees’ talents. The Commis-
sion, of course, is desirous of widen-
ing promotion units in so far as
is consistent with efficient admin-
istration; at your request we shall
be glad to discuss your individual

situation.

With reference to the publicity
given to our examinations, a supply
of promotion announcements is sent
to the appointing officer. Also an
announcement is sent to each of the
potential eligibles whose names have
been submitted by the appointing
officer. When it has been impossible
to compile such a list, the appoint-
ing officer is instructed to post a
copy of the announcement on bul-
letin boards in the department’s of-
fices or units, where they are of in-
terest. It is important that the ap-
pointing officer cooperate in pub-
licizing promotion announcements,
especially where there are employees
in the field or in branch offices. It
is embarrassing to the Civil Service
Commission to have employees com-
plain that they had no knowledge
of a promotion examination,

For publicizing open competitive
examinations, the Examinations Di-
vision has an extensive mailing list
through which it distributes the ex-
amination announcements. We also
expect the appointing officer to as-
sist in this phase of the work be-
cause he may have contacts in his
own field that we would not be so
likely to reach. We are always an-
xious to send announcements to any

group that you may suggest and we ~
hope for more cooperation in
phase of recruitment. A good ex:
amination cannot of “itself produce —
a good eligible list unless we have
been able to get good people to take
the examination. It is very discon~
certing after we establish an eligible
list to have an appointing officer
say, “the people on the list are no
good; I can find lots better.” If you
know them, why not tell them about
the examination or ask us to send
them applications? We are both
working together in trying to get
good employees for you so that your
department can better perform its
functions.

Although some people believe
that the appointing officer might
properly have a part in the actual
examination, that has not been our
policy, because of the possible reflec-
tion on the results of the examina-
tion. However, in the process of pre-
paring an examination, we may
want to call on you for some more
detailed information on the job than
is in the examination announce-
ment. In requesting more specific
information, we do not want sug-
gested questions, which occasionally
we have received and could not use,
thus limiting our testing field; if we
need additional information from a
department, we shall make our con-
tact through the person responsible
for handling personnel who may
wish to consult with the head of the
particular bureau or division, In
order to avoid any criticism of our
procedure, it would be undesirable
for any contact to be made between
the examiner and the provisional,
with reference to the specific duties
of the job being examined for.

Occasionally we ask an appoint-
ing officer to suggest names of per-
sons outstanding in his department's
field of work whom we may consult
as expert examiners in which case
we make all contact with the expert
examiner that we select.

If you, as the person handling per-
sonnel, are asked advice about pre-
paring for examinations, it would
be desirable to refer candidates to
the examination announcements, es-
pecially to the duties and examples
of duties and to the knowledges and
skills and abilities specified in the
minimum qualification _require-
ments; the subjects of the examina-
tion will indicate the type of tests
to be given, whether written or prac-
tical performing tests, as well as the

55
“relative weight of each. Employees
requesting information on how to
prepare themselves for future exain-
inations may be encouraged to. take
courses in the field of work carried
on in the Department. For instance,
a clerk in the Department of Audit
and Control might take courses in
accounting so that he might qualify
for promotion to Senior Account
Clerk and ultimately, with addi-
tional professional training, as an
accountant or auditor; a clerk in a
Statistics Division and interested in
this work might take courses in sta-
tistics to prepare him for promo-
tions in the field of satistical clerical
positions and perhaps later as a sta-
‘tistician. Where there is no organ-
ized in-service training program,
employees in non-technical fields
may be encouraged to learn some-
thing of the functioning of their
own division and its relation to the
Department, which should improve
their efficiency as well as aid them
in promotion to higher positions.

Information as to which promo-
tion examinations in a department
are department-wide and which lim-
ited to a promotion unit should be
available to employees. If a depart-
ment is divided into promotion
units, employees are interested in
knowing their own unit, Some are
very conscious of this information,
while others seem never to have
heard of it until a promotion comes
up in which they are interested.

The speeding up of examina-
tion service is a subject in which we
are as interested as you. .As you
all know, at the present we are at
the “low point” in recruitment, but
I am hopeful that we may all strive
to improve some of our practices so
that, when we have a return to nor-
malcy, there will be greater coopera-
tion and understanding of each
other’s problems with a resulting
increase in efficiency and service
which is our “reason for being.” To
the end of speeding up examination
service, I am recommending first,
that the original request for an elig-
ible list to fill a vacancy be submit-
ted to this Department as soon as
the operating department has know-
ledge that the vacancy will exist, so

that an effort will be made to have *

a list ready when needed; and sec-
ond, if the vacancy is in a new or
unusual position, that a statement
of the duties and suggested mini-
mum qualifications be included.

56

If the position is one for which
there does not appear to be a field
for promotion, and you are request-
ing that an open competitive exam-
ination be held, the notice should
be posted promptly without instruc-
tions from us so that there will not
have to be a delay later for the 15
days’ posting period.

If service is to be speeded up, the
details of the announcement should
be worked out on a cooperative basis
but with more promptness than in
many instances in the past. The ten-
tative announcement should be re-
viewed and returned promptly so
as to meet the deadline when ma-
terial must be sent to the printers.
The amount of time which was re-
quired for the prinitng of our open
competitive circulars increased to
such an extent, that during the pres-
ent emergency we are multilithing
the list of positions for which we
are holding examinations, and mi-
meographing the circulars giving
detailed information on the indivi-
dual examinations. Just before the
war, we had planned a program of
examination series dates set up ac-
cording to a time table as to when
an examination request would have
to be received and an examination
announcement prepared and ap-
proved, in order to have the exam-
ination included in a certain series.
This plan had to be abandoned but
will be reinstated just as soon as it
appears feasible to do so.

Emergency situations in some one
department have caused delays in
the examination service to other de-
partments, and if more departments
could anticipate their needs in ad-
vance, I believe that many of these
emergency situations could be
avoided and this would contribute
eventually to prompter service to
the majority. Then if there is a very
real emergency, it can still be met

without disrupting to too great an
extent the regular flow of work.
Anticiptaing requests for examina-
tions sufficiently in advance so they
can be fitted into a planned schedule
and the eligible lists established in
advance of the vacancies would help
to avoid provisional appointments
and would be a big’ factor in speed-
ing all of our services.

Promotion eligible lists could be
peat up to a certain extent by

¢ prompt submission of service
record ratings on the date that your
Department's ratings are due, When
departmental ratings are expected
momentarily, it has been our policy
to wait for the new ratings instead
of using the ones that are often over
a year old. The use of new ratings is
desirable since many candidates in
promotion examinations had not
been rated in the previous period,
and would therefore, require a spe-
cial rating, unlikely to be in line
with the others; also the eligible list
may remain in force for four years
and should not be based on per-
formance which may have changed
since nearly two years ago. Pend-
ing the receipt of service record
ratings, we have had to hold up es-
tablishing promotion eligible lists
for as long as six months after the
examination work was completed,
so an effort should be made to get
the supervisors to submit the service
record rating as of a certain date,
allowing the necessary time for ap-
peals and the proper consideration
thereof,

This may not be the most oppor-
tune period for accomplishment in
the “speeding up” of service, but
that is our aim, as well as an im-
provement in the quality of the ser-
vice, and I am eager to hear from
Mr. Schumacher as to his views on
how both of these objectives may
be met.

79 YEARS OF FAITHFUL SERVICE
IN FAITHFUL FURNITURE

“RUBANY'S OLDEST FAMILY IN FURNITURE”

Harry Simmons

ly 9 to 5:30— Thursday to 9 P.M.

STATE ST.
AND JAMES

The State Employee

mal
Civil Service Law and Rules

By JOSEPH SCHECHTER
Counsel, State Department of
Civil Service
(Address delivered at Conference of

Pérsonnel Representatives of State

Departments)

My part in this program is some-
what different from that of the other
participants in that in all the other
subjects on the program, but mine,
several sides are presented. I, there-
fore, feel free to go ahead without
any fear of contradiction.
Interrelationship of Constitution,

Law, Rules, and Regulations

In taking up the Civil Service
Law and Rules, I’d like, first, to
show the connection between the
constitutional provision on civil ser-
vice, the Civil Service Law, the Civil
Service Rules, and the Regulations.
Why are all these necessary and how
do they fit in, one with the other?
To illustrate the part played by each
of these, let us take one of the most
elementary procedures in civil ser-
vice. We all know that in making
an appointment to a'competitive po-
sition, the appointing officer must
select one out of the three highest
eligibles on an appropriate civil ser-
vice list who are willing to accept
appointment. Now, where do ‘we
find authority for this? Do we find
it directly in the Constitution? The
answer is no. The constitutional pro-
vision, which is part of the basic
law of this State, contains the
groundwork for this practice. The
Constitution merely contains the
simple provision that appointments
and promotions in the civil service
of the State and of all the civil di-
visions thereof, including cities and
villages, shall be made according to
merit and fitness, to be ascertained,
so far as practicable, by competitive
examination, Next we go to the
Civil Service Law. Is the one-out-
of three provision in that law? The
answer again is no. However, Sec-
tion 14 provides further ground-
work by requiring that appoint-
ments to competitive positions shall
be made from “among those graded
highest.” Under this provision it
may be perfectly proper and within
the law to appoint one out of two,
one out of three, or one out of five.
Next we go to the Civil Service
Rules and here, for the first time,

February

we find that in Rule VIII there is
a definite provision requiring ap-
pointments on a “one-out-of-three”
basis. Now the question comes up,
where do the Regulations come in?
The Regulations provide for admin-
istrative procedures in connection
with civil service operation, In the
case of appointment of one out of
three, the Regulations provide the
details on how this is to be effected.
For example, there is a provision in
Regulation 7 which states: “No
declination of appointment will be
accepted unless made in writing and
filed with the State Civil Service
Commission.” The acceptable rea-
sons for declination, without caus-
ing the removal of an eligible’s name
from the list, are all set forth in the
Regulations. So we see that there
is a definite tie-up between the con-
stitutional provision, the law, rules,
and regulations. One supplements
the other and all four should work
together for the effective and expe-
ditious operation of civil service.
‘The constitutional provision, of ne-
cessity, had to be a short one and
could not cover all the procedures
necessary to carry out the merit and
fitness principle. It, therefore, spe-
cifically provides that “laws shall be
made to provide for the enforcement
of this section.” The Civil Service
Law has endeavored to follow out
this mandate by clarifying and sup-
plementing the constitutional provi-
sion. It has been constantly expand-
ed and each year finds many new
amendments. The Legislature, real-
izing that it could not cover every
situation on civil service, has au-
thorized the civil service commission
to adopt rules which have the force
and effect of law. In other words,
they have given legislative authority
to civil service commissions, with
the limitation that such rule-making
power shall not be used to adopt
rules inconsistent with the law.
Restrictive Laws

Many complaints against our de-
partment have been made about cer-
tain practices and procedures, for
which we are entirely blameless, be-
cause such procedures and practices
are definitely set forth in the law;
and we must follow them whether
we like them or not. We must not
forget that the administration of

civil service in our State is beset
with certain legal hurdles and ob-
stacles. There are provisions in the
law which are not conducive to good
civil service administration. Some
of these provisions have found their
way into the law because of abuses
of administrative discretion; and,
once in the law, it is difficult to
have them repealed. For example,
from the beginning of civil service,
in 1883, in this State, to about 1938,
civil service commissions, in the ex-
ercise of examination functions,.
were given wide latitude in setting
up minimum qaulifications for po-
sitions. In many examinations age
limits were established. The power
to establish age limits was never
challenged by the Legislature when
it was reasonably used, However, in
1937, during the period pf depres-
sion, certain local commissions went
beyond the bounds of reason in es-
tablishing age limitations in clerical
and stenographic examinations, ‘For
example, in a stenographer’s exam-
ination in a large city, and in a
bookkeeper’s examination, the max-
imum age limits for candidates were
set at 29 and 31 years. Naturally a
great cry of discrimination was
raised by citizens and taxpayers who
were denied ‘the privilege of com-
peting in these examinations be-
cause they were over these low age
limits. The result was that the next
year a law was enacted prohibiting
any civil service commission from
discriminating against persons be-
cause of age; and Section 25-a of the
law now provides that no age limita-
tions can be established, except for
positions requiring extraordinary
physical effort, such as firemen, po-
licemen, prison guards, etc.
Another provision of the Civil
Service Law which intereferes with
the prompt and efficient administra-
tion of civil service is the one con-
tained in Section 16, requiring the
posting of notice for 15 days when-
ever an appointing officer requests
the holding of an open-competitive
examination. This provision was
also put into the law because of
abuses of promotional rights. Be-
cause of the holding of open-com-
petitive examinations for positions
which should have been filled by
promotion, the Legislature placed

57

¥
4

_ this posting provision in the law in
“order to give an opportunity to em-
ployees to protest if they felt they
had been denied promotional oppor-
tunities. There are other instances
of bad laws which were caused by
bad practices or procedures, of
which you may be aware; but time
does not permit me to discuss them.
Ambiguities and Inconsistencies in
the Law

I shall now touch upon certain
ambiguities and inconsistencies in
the law which require clarification.
In many cases clarifications of these
Jaws have been made by court deci-
sions. For example, Section 22 of
the Civil Service Law provides that
where a position of a war veteran
or exempt volunteer fireman is
abolished, such war yeteran or ex-
empt volunteer fireman shall not
be discharged, but shall be trans-
ferred to a position which “he may
be fitted to fill.” For many years
our Commission construed this pro-
vision as permitting a war veteran,
upon the abolition of his position, to
be transferred to a position for
which he was qualified, even though
such position was not similar to the
one which was abolished. For ex-
ample, a war veteran who held the
position of Investigator was permit-
ted to be transferred to the position
of Junior Attorney, if such Investi-

gator had been an attorney and had

the qualifications for the Junior At-
torney position, even though there
was no similarity whatever between
the Investigator position and the
Junior Attorney position. In some
cases our Commission went so far
as to give such war veteran a quali-
fying examination to determine
whether he was fitted to fill the po-
sition to which transfer was sought.
All this has been upset by an im-
portant decision of the Court of Ap-
peals in the case of McNamara v.
Holling, which held that war vet-
erans or exempt volunteer firemen
could only be transferred to similar
positions and not to positions which
they happen to be fitted to fill.
Again for many years our Com-
mission, in following the provi
sions of Section 31 on lay-offs, ¢s.
tablished preferred lists in accord-
ance with seniority, but placed the
names of disabled veterans laid off
at the top of the preferred lists, re-
gardless of seniority. This proce-
dure was attacked in the court in
the case of Sergeant y. Kern, and
the court held that disabled “vet-

58

erans do not get any preference on
preferred lists and that they must
take their place on such list in the
regular order of seniority. At the
present time there still is much con-
fusion about the inconsistencies in
the provisions of Sections 22 and 31
of the Civil Service Law, The pro-
vision in Section 22, which gives
the right to war veterans and ex-
empt volunteer firemen to be trans-
ferred upon the abolition of their
positions, appears to conflict with
the provisions of Section 31, which
gives such veterans and exempt vol-
unteer firemen no right of reten-
tion or special rights of preferred
status,
Restrictive Court Decisions
Previously I stated that bad prac-
tices result in the enactment of bad
laws; now I wish to emphasize that
bad cases may result in bad court
decisions. To give you illustrations
of this, let us first take the famous,
or infamous, Hilsenrad case. In
this case petitioner Hilsenrad was
given a temporary appointment
from an eligible list and was re-
tained in such position for about
10 months. When his temporary em-
ployment was terminated, he went
to court and claimed that he was a
Permanent employee, since he was
appointed from a regular competi-
tive eligible list and had been re-
tained beyond his probationary
term. The lower court upheld his
view on the theory that there was
no authorization in the law for a
temporary appointment other than
the one-month appointment _ set
forth in Section 15; and, therefore,
since he had been employed more
than three months, he was deemed
to have successfully passed his pro-

bationary term, and, therefore, was .

entitled to the rights and privileges
of a permanent employee. This de-
cision was unanimously affirmed by
the Appellate Division. After the
unanimous affirmance, there was
much consternation felt by our de-
partment and other State depart-
ments. The implications of the de-
cision were far-reaching; and it
meant that hundreds of temporary
employees who had been employed
for more than three months could
claim permanent status, despite the
fact that many were never in a
reachable position for permanent ap-
pointment and had been appointed
from the bottom of lists only be-
cause of the temporary nature of
their appointments. It also meant

-that our deparancat would have to

give promotional examinations to
those who were declared ineligible
because their employment was con-
sidered temporary in character. It
meant that salary adjustments which
were made would have to be re-
vised. Jt meant that Feld-Hamilton
increments would have to be given
to these employees. Furthermore, it
definitely declared that our practice
of appointing temporary employees
for more than one month was with-
out legal foundation and that such
practice would have to be stopped.
In order to nullify the effects of this
decision, there was enacted at the
legislative session of 1940 a law
(Chapter 612), which provided that
temporary appointments could not
be made for a longer period than
six months. As you know, the op-
eration of this Chapter 612 has
caused us many. difficulties, After
the enactment of this chapter, the
Hilsenrad case came before the
Court of Appeals; and, fortunately
for all State departments, the Court
of Appeals reversed.the two lower
courts on the theory that no tem-
porary appointment could ripen,
ipso facto, inté a permanent appoint-
ment. This decision saved our de-
partment many headaches; but, as
a result of the Hilsenrad case, we
have Chapter 612 which has set a
definite limitation upon the dura-
tion of temporary appointments
where eligible lists are in existence.
Another bad case which resulted
in a court decision which has caused
confusion is the Lanzer case. In
this case an employee was removed
on the charge that he had falsified
expense accounts by claiming $1.00
for dinner on 12 different occasions
during July and August, 1939, and
on five different occasions in the
year 1936, It was also claimed that
in the years 1936 and 1939 this em-
ployee stated that he worked in the
field until 8:00 P.M., when, as a
matter of fact, he was engaged in
teaching at a college from 6:30 P.M.
The dismissal on these ancient
charges took place in April, 1943.
The court, in upholding the peti-
tioner, and in ordering his reinstate-
ment, with back pay, made certain
unusual findings. It is well known
that an employee other than a war
veteran or an exempt volunteer fire-
man is not entitled to a hearing
upon removal. However, the court
in the Lanzer case stated:
“While it is true he was not

The State Employee
arredy ended to’suehs hearing By?”

Jaw, nevertheless, since the result
of sustaining the charges would
be to brand him as a petty thief,
ordinary decency, if not law,
would prompt any unbiased per-
son to at least permit an accused to
confront in open hearing the wit-
nesses against him.

“When an ‘administrative agen-
cy acts in a quasi-judicial capacity,
the employees brought to trial be-
fore it on charges in the nature
of theft or embezzlement should
be given, so far as is possible, a
public and impartial hearing. A
record should be made sufficient
to permit review by the court and
findings based on the record
should be made to show what the
hearing official or board deter-
mined from the evidence present-
ed. In this proceeding the mini-
mum protection for the safeguard-
ing the petitioner’s right was not
accorded him,

“Previous to the enactment of
subdivision 3 of Section 22 of the
Civil Service Law, a discharged
employee had no right of appeal
for an adverse decision, but now
a person aggrieved has the abso-
lute legal right of a complete re-
view of the facts and law by the
Supreme Court. The courts now
have plenary power to review all
the acts, the procedure and the
evidence relied upon by respon-
dents to uphold its decision. The
accusations against petitioner give
rise to suspicion that the real rea-
son for his discharge has not been
given. The acts of wrongdoing
charged are stale, musty and va-
pid, and in criminal and civil ac-
tions would be barred by the Sta-
tute of Limitations. The improper
and unlawful acts are charged to
have been committed more than
seven (7) and more than four
(4) years ago. The charges are of
a petty character, * * * Moreover,
in my opinion, the respondents
are guilty of laches. Justice de-
layed is justice denied.

“* * * The expense accounts
submitted by petitioner, it ap-
pears, were audited, approved and
honored by respondents at regular
intervals. That each year since his
appointment, he has been given
the statutory annual increment or
raise in his pay. Employees such
as petitioner are graded for the
service they perform, His service
record for the period ending May

February

13, 1943, was eighty-three (83%)

per cent.”

The findings in this case seem to
indicate that a hearing is necessary
in the removal of an employee who
is charged with a crime and that the
Court will review all the facts in the
case.

In most cases of removal, how-
ever, the courts have upheld the ad-
ministrative agencies and have de-
clared that they will not substitute
their judgment for the judgment of
administrative officer, even though
they may disagree with the admin-
istrative officer, as long as the
determination of the officer is not
unreasonable, arbitrary, or capri-
cious. Recently, the courts went so
far as to uphold a removal proceed-
ing which was brought against an
employee for acts of misconduct
committed outside the scope of his
employment, on the grounds that
such acts had a definite bearing on
his employment. This case is the
Wagner case, decided November 10,
1943, just two months after the de-
cision in the Lanzer case. This case
contains findings directly contrary
to the Lanzer case. Because of the
interesting comments made in this
novel case by the court, I'd like to
read the major part of the opinion
in the case:

“As it has been said very many
times before this, the scope of ju-
dicial review of the removal of
an administrative employee by his
superior is extremely limited in
scope under the present New
York practice. The proceeding
rests upon two inquiries: (a)
whether the removing officer has
acted within the power given him
by statute; (b) whether he has
acted arbitrarily.

“The statute, Civil Service Law,
Section 22, Subdivision 2, author-
izes removal for either miscon-
duct or incompetency. The charge
made against petitioner was mis-
conduct, but the act of miscon-
duct was not in pursuance of his
official duties, and was, so the
charge runs, committed away
from his employment and while
petitioner was off duty and not
‘on public property. Counsel for
the State, County and Municipal
Workers of America, appearing as
amicus curiae, argues that such an
act is not the kind of ‘misconduct’
contemplated by the statute; that,
while it may be argued that the
act charged might be deemed to

reflect upon petitioner’s compe-

tency, still incompetency was not
the charge made and that, there-

fore, the removal- under the

charge as framed and served upon
petitioner did not fall within the
statute and must be annulled.

“Misconduct, so the argument
proceeds, must be an act relating
in some manner to official duties
and no private act of the employee
has relevancy; while incompeten-
cy may be established under prop-
er facts from the general conduct
of the employee reflecting upon
his capacity to do his work, as
well as from the manner of per-
formance of official acts.

“The words are in the statute
without further definition or limi-
tation. They are to be read in the
sense in which they would com-
monly be taken. I would suppose
that the words carry a different
connotation than that advanced
here. Incompetency would seem
to have a rather close integration
with the performance of duty. A
lifetime of ineptitude in private
affairs would not destroy an ade-
quate performance of public duty.
Competency relates to the manner
in which the job at hand is done,
and I cannot presently conceive a
way in which an employee could
be removed for general acts sug-
gesting incompetency to do his
work where the work itself was
in fact done with uniform com-
petency.

“But misconduct implies wrong-
doing in some degree, and is in-
clusive, of course, of acts prohi-
bited by law. I think a statute
which authorized removal for
misconduct in the employment
and misconduct beyond employ-
ment which reflects discredit upon
the public service or tends to im-
pair the standing of the employee
or the respect in which he is held,
A serious crime, involving the
moral turpitude and reflecting on
the character of the employee and
upon the public service he repre-
sents, for instance, would seem to
fall within the scope of the statu-
tory ‘misconduct’, although per-
chance the employee might be
competent enough in all matters
that relate directly to his work.
The kind of misconduct having
this effect is a matter of degree.

“Whether there is a rational
cause and effect is a subject which
concerns itself with the manner in

59

which the removing officer acts
“under the statute, but I construe
the statute itself to authorize the
removal of an employee in some
circumstances for misconduct out-
side of employment and therefore
I conclude that the statute was ob-
served by the respondent in this
case.

“Since the respondent was au-
thorized to consider misconduct
outside of official duty, the fur-
ther question raised by this pro-
ceeding was whether his determi-
nation in treating the particular
act as ground for removal was ar-
bitrary. There is one distinction
to be observed between this kind
of a case and misconduct directly
involving public employment.
The misconduct charged cannot
rest merely upon the disapproval
of the removing officer of the act,
or whether it deviates from his
personal standard of private con-
duct, but must reasonably be
treated as reflecting adversely on
the public service. And, in turn,
the court cannot impose on the of-
ficer its standard of what reflects
upon the public service or under-
take to supervise in detail the ad-
ministrative control over employ-
ces. This is no part of the judicial
function. The power of removal
rests elsewhere than here, and
only when it may be shown that
the removal is so arbitrary and
unfounded that no reasonable
man would have reached the re-
sult complained of, or where the
proof at least approximates this
may the court intervene to direct
a different result.

“Te cannot be held judicially
that it is unreasonable for the
Commisioner of Correction to
treat a conviction for assault upon
a woman as such misconduct for
a guard employed in a vocational
institution as to justify removal.
Even if the court might differ
with such an administrative con-
clusion, this would not be good
enough ground for judicial inter-
ference. It is enough to say that
the Commissioner, charged by
law with supervisory power over
employees, regarded the miscon-
duct as a sufficient ground for re-
moval, and that his act in this
respect cannot be treated as a mat-
ter of law as arbitrary and un-
reasonable,”

In connection with these two ap-
parently conflicting opinions, I want

60

to call to your attention that there
have been a number of instances
where an opinion of the Supreme
Court of one county differed entire-
ly with that of the Supreme Court
of another county. The most recent
cases of this kind, which have
caused much confusion, are the
cases of Bacom vy. Reavy, decided
August 13, 1943, and Powers v.
LaGuardia, decided July 26, 1943.
In the Bacom case the Supreme
Court held that employment with
the Transit Commission was not
State service but city service; and,
therefore, employees involved in a
lay-off from a State position could
not claim such Transit Commission
service as part of their seniority. In
the New York County Supreme
Court case the court decided that
the Transit Commission employees
were State employees and were en-
titled to Feld-Hamilton increments
(which are given only to State em-
ployees), despite the fact that the
budgetary authorities of the City
of New York have control over the
salaries of such employees. I bring
this to your attention to show you
that not only are there confusion
and inconsistencies in the law but
the same holds forth in court opin-
ions, In many cases we are at a loss
to know which decision should be
followed.
Gaps in Law

Td like to take up with you now
some problems which have arisen
because of insufficiency of law. We
all know that Section 22, relating
to removal of employees, and Sec-
tion 246 of the Military Law, re-
lating to public employees in mili-
tary service, are applicable to per-
manent employees. However, the
language of these sections of the
law, giving important rights and
privileges to employees, is broad
enough to include temporary em-
ployees. Only a few days ago one
department official telephoned me
and asked me whether it was neces-
sary, in the removal of a Rule VIII-
A war duration appointee, to prefer
charges, and comply with the tech-
nical requirements of Section 22. I
told him that we had always inter-
preted Section 22 to apply only to
permanent employees and that it
was. not necessary to go through
removal proceedings and that all
that was necessary was to terminate
his employment, summarily. How-
ever, the appointing officer felt that
Section 22 may cover temporary em-

ployees; and, because the employee
involved was a lawyer, he decided
not to take any chances, but to pre-
fer charges and go through with
regular removal proceedings. It is
my understanding that this removal
case will be brought to court. There
is a possibility of the court ruling
that the law is applicable to both
temporary and permanent employ-
ces.

Another instance of insufficiency
of law relates to reinstatement of a
public employee who is given a mili-
tary leave of absence from his posi-
tion and then is dishonorably dis-
charged from military service... Un-
der the Military Law (Section 246)
the right of restoration to their civil
service positions is given to employ-
ees at the termination of their mili-
tary duty. The term “termination of
military duty” is defined in the Mili-
tary Law to mean “honorable dis-
charge from military service.” There
is no provision in the Military Law
relating to public employees who are
dishonorably discharged from mili-
tary service. Under the existing law,
we are at a loss to know what to do
with such employees. So much for
the confusion, ambiguities, incon-
sistencies, and insufficiencies of the
law.

War Time Leaves and Appoint-
ments

I now come to the second part
of my talk, which relates to the
problems caused by the return of
public employees from military
duty. Before I take up these prob-
lems, I'd like to set forth briefly
some of our procedures in connec-
tion with employees who have en-
tered the military service. As you
know, an employee who enters the
military service, either by enlist-
ment or draft, is entitled to a man-
datory leave of absence for the dura-
tion of his military duty and must
be restored to his position, if he
makes request therefor within 60
days after the termination of his
military duty. Upon such restora-
tion, he is entitled to all the rights
and privileges which he would have
received had he remained in his civil
service position. He therefore, gets
increment rights, and rights to take
aypromotion examination comparable
to the one given during his absence.
He is also entitled to satisfactory
service record ratings, probationary
credit, pension rights, and every
other right he would have had, were
he in no military service.

The State Employee
Atk filing the position left vacant
by a “military” employee, a substi-
tute may be appointed, whose ser-
vices may be terminated at any time.
These substitutes are given incre-
ments for such substitute employ-
ment, the same as regular employ-
ees. In various memoranda issued
to your departments, the subject of
increments and salaries to which
substitutes are entitled have been
clearly set forth.When a substitute
is appointed, he ordinarily gets the
minimum of the grade, unless there
are employees in his unit receiving
Jess than the minimum, in which
event he would get the salary paid
to the lowest of the “below-the-mini-
mum” employees. If a permanent
employee is given a substitute ap-
pointment in a promotional position,
he is entitled to the benefits of Sec-
tion 41; namely, if he is receiving
in his permanent position a salary
equal to or more than the minimum

the promotional position, he is
entitled to an increase upon such
substitute promotion. It should be
noted that where a permanent em-
ployee receives a substitute appoint-
ment, his permanent position should
be filled only on a temporary basis;
and, when he is ultimately restored
to such permanent position, he will
be entitled to increments and other
rights in his permanent position as
if he had remained in his perma-
nent position during such substitute
appointment.

Besides substitute appointments,
there is another type of appointment
which has resulted from the war.
I refer to appointments under our
RuleVIII-A, which are made for the
duration of the war and six months
thereafter. The two main reasons
for setting up this type of appoint-
ment are: (1) that during the pres-
ent critical man-power shortage situ-
ation it is impossible to recruit, by
competitive examination, qualified
persons for such positions as physi-
cians, engineers, specialists in defi-
nite fields, etc.; and (2) that it
would not be to the best interests of
the service to fill existing vacancies
in permanent positions with sub-
standard material or to deprive the
many qualified persons in the armed
forces of opportunities to get into
State service after the war. Before
Rule VIII-A was adopted there were
many occasions where open-compe-
titive examinations which would
normally draw hundreds of appli-
cants drew only a handful of appli-

February

cants, Of necessity, the Commission
had to do something about the situ-
ation and adopted Rule VIILA,
which provides that whenever it is
impracticable because of war condi-
tions to fill positions on a permanent
basis, the Commission may author-
ize appointment on a temporary
basis not to exceed six months be-
yond the termination of the war.
The rule further provides that such
appointments shall be made, when-
ever practicable, from appropriate
eligible lists and where there were
no eligible lists in existence, the ap-
pointments may be made on non-
competitive basis by the appointing
officer selecting a person found
qualified by the Commission after
non-competitive examination. There
seems to be some misunderstanding
about the application of Rule VIII-
A, in that many appointing officers
are under the impression that a
Rule VIIL-A appointment may be
made only when there are no elig-
ible lists in existence for the posi-
tion. As stated before, Rule VIII-
A applies even where there is an
cligible list in existence. For ex-
ample, a Rule VIII-A appointment
may be made where there is a pro-
motion eligible list for Senior Clerk
and at the head of the list there are
some employees who are in military
service. Such Rule VIII-A appoint-
ment is allowed because if perma-
nent promotions were to be made,
these eligibles would be foreclosed
of a right of promotion. Again there
may be many eligibles at the top of
an open-competitive list who are in
military service; and it may be to
the best interests of the service to
defer permanent appointments until
these eligibles are available at the
end of the war. In connection with
Rule VIII-A appointments, the pro-
cedures to be followed, the salaries
to be given, the increment rights at-
tached to the positions, are similar to
those applicable to substitute ap-
pointments. There is only one im-
portant distinction. A permanent
employee who is given a substitute
appointment must be given a leave
of absence from his permanent posi-
tion. The act of acceptance of a sub-
stitute appointment by such person
automatically gives him a leave of
absence in his former position. In
the case of a war duration appoint-
ment, however, a permanent em-
ployee is not entitled to get a man-
datory leave of absence to accept a
Rule VIII-A appointment but must

first obtain consent from the de-

partment where his permanent po-
sition is located.

During the war our Commission

amended its rule on leave of ab-
sence (Rule XVI) to permit suc-
cessive one-year leaves of absence
to employees who wish to engage in
war work or in the service of the
federal government. These leaves of
absence can only be effected with
the approval of both the appointing
authority and the Budget Director,
Vacancies caused by such leaves of
absence may be filled in the same
manner as Rule VIII-A appoint:
ments. We have recently issued a
memorandum setting forth the sal-
aries and increment rights of per-
sons appointed in such leave of ab-
sence vacancies, The salary and in-
crement procedure for these ap-
pointments is the same as for the
Rule VILA appointments. In the
case of both Rule VIII-A appoint-
ments and leave of absence replace-
ments under Rule XVI (1b), where
a permanent employee leaves his job
to take one of these temporary ap-
pointments, he will be credited with
time service in his permanent posi-
tion for the purpose of increments
when he is restored to his perma-
nent position.
Problems of the Returning Veteran
Now to take up some of the prob-
lems of the returning soldier. There
have been in the past months many
discharges for medical reasons, Goy-
ernor Dewey, in his annual message
a few days ago, stated that there
will probably be about 100,000 New
York State residents discharged
from military service in 1944. Many
may be discharged with permanent
disabilities or temporary disabilities,
Under the existing provisions of the
Military Law, if an employee suffers
a temporary disability arising out of
and in the course of military duty,
such employee is deemed to be in
military duty while his temporary
disability exists; and the date of ter-
mination of his military duty is the
date of such temporary disability.
There “is another provision in the
Military Law which states that if
a physical examination is required
for employment or promotion in a
Position in the public service, the
physical disability of a candidate by
reason of injury sustained or dis-

ease contracted while in military.

duty shall not be deemed to dis-
qualify him for such position, unless
the disability is of such a nature as

61
_to prevent him from efficiently per-
_ forming the duties of such position.
There is no provision made in the
~ Military Law as to which agency

shall determine whether a tempo-

tary or total disability exists or

Whether the disability is of such a

nature as to prevent the efficient per-

formance of the duties of the posi-
tion. The only light on this subject
is our practice in the past in con-
nection with determining disabled
veterans’ preference and in connec-
tion with determining whether a
person has a physical handicap
which would render him unfit for
employment. Under the present sta-
tute, the Education Law, Section
1204-a, if a candidate in an exam-
ination or an eligible on a list has

a physical handicap which might

‘impair his usefulness in a position,

the Advisory Commission for Phys-

ically Handicap persons is given ex-
~ clusive jurisdiction to make the de-
termination whether that candidate
or eligible may be barred from ex-
amination or ‘certification from an
eligible list because the physical
handicap will interfere with the
competent performance of the du-
ties of the position involved. There
is also a statute on the books, Sec-
tion 25-b, of the Civil Service Law,
which gives the power to the Com-
mission for the Blind in the Social

Welfare Department to determine

whether a person’s blindness will in-

terfere with the person’s perform-
ance of duties. Under the Constitu-
tion, the United States Veterans’

Administration is given the author-

ity to determine whether a war-in-

curred physical disability _ exists
when an applicant makes claim for
disabled yeteran’s preference. The

uestion before us now is should
the Veterans’ Administration make
the determination on physical dis-
ability or should it be referred to
the Advisory Commission for Phys-
ically Handicapped Persons, or, in
the case of blindness, to the Com-
mission for the Blind, or to the Civil

Service Department, or to the ap-

pointing authorities. We had a case

presented to us in a school district
where a custodian-bus driver re-

turned from military service with a

medical discharge, The school au-

thorities were very much concerned
as to the physical fitness of the re-
turned soldier, inasmuch as he
might seriously endanger the lives
of the school children if he were
permitted to drive a bus, They in-

62

quired from our De; ent wheth-
er they were compelled to reemploy
the bus driver or whether they were
required to have the school author-
ities’ physician give him a physical
examination, or whether the physi-
cian for the Civil Service Commis-
sion would give such examination.
Fortunately, the question did not
require an answer, because the bus
driver voluntarily requested employ-
ment as’a custodian and asked to be
relieved of his duties as a bus driver.
Tt is expected that a clarification of
this problem will be had by legisla-
tion which we intend to suggest on
this subject.

Another serious problem will
arise in connection wih returning
veterans who have been found unfit
to perform competently the duties
of their former positions. There is
no provision in the law now for
their demotion or transfer to posi-
tions which carry lighter duties and
which they may be perfectly compe-
tent to occupy. Again we hope that
this problem shall be disposed of by
recommended legislation.

As you know, substitute appoint-
ments must under the law terminate
upon the happening of any one of
the following events: (1) upon the
return of the former incumbent to
his position; (2) upon the failure of
the former incumbent to return to
his position within 60 days after the
termination of his military duty;
(3) upon the appointment or pro-
motion of the former incumbent to
another position; (4) upon the
death or permanent total disability
of the former incumbent. Questions
have been presented to me relating
to the last method of termination
of substitute appointments. I was
asked what procedure was necessary
in the case where a report, either
through the newspaper or through
the next of kin or friends, came
that a former employee on military
leave was killed in action. The ap-
pointing officer wanted to know if
he could take such report as final
and terminate the substitute ap-
pointment and make a permanent
appointment in the item. Before
answering this question I made in-
quiry of the Retirement System ‘as
to their practice in this matter. I
was informed by Mr. Holmes, the
Director, that whenever they got a
report of this kind they communi-
cate with the War Department or
the Navy Department for confirma-
tion of the report. They submit the

name of the employee, his address,
his beneficiary, and his last occupa-
tion; and with this information be-
fore the military authorities, they
usually are able to supply confirma-
tion or denial of the report of death.
Mr. Holmes advised me that it was
not necessary to send the serial num-
ber of the employee in military ser-
vice. The same procedure should be
followed by appointing authorities;
and after confirmation is obtained
from the military authorities then
and only then should the substitute
employment be ended and the item
filled on a permanent basis. In con-
nection with employees reported
missing in action, again confirma-
tion from military authorities should
be’ had. The Attorney General has
recently ruled in the case of an em-
ployee who was receiving pay dif-
ferential under Section 245 of the
Military Law, that where such em-
ployee was reported missing in ac-
tion, the pay differential should con-
tinue for the period between the re-
port of “missing in action” and the
official finding of “presumed to be
dead,” which is one year under fed-
eral legislation dealing with pay al-
lowances. The Attorney General
pointed out that life insurance com-
panies have worked out a method
with the representatives of the
armed forces, under which official
certificates of death will be issued by
the armed forces. Accordingly, it
would appear to be good practice
in the case of State employees re-
ported missing in action not to con-
sider the military leave terminated
until at least one year has elapsed;
unless official notification or certi-
ficate of the employee’s death is ob-
tained sooner.

Recently an appointing officer ter-
minated the employment of an em-
ployee who had been discharged
from military service but had not
reported back to work, This ap-
pointing authority had written such
employee to come back to his job,
and upon failure to receive satisfac-
tory reply he felt it was perfectly
proper to terminate his employment.
This procedure was challenged by
our Department on the ground that
under the Military Law an employee
honorably discharged from military
service had 60 days within which to
make application for reinstatement;
and that such employee, if he had
‘a temporary disability, was entitled
to have such 60-day period exnteded
until 60 days after the termination

The State Employee

of the disability, He was, there-
fore, advised that if the 60-day peri-
od expired and the employee did not
have a temporary disability, then
and only then could he terminate
the employment and fill the position
on a permanent basis.

As stated before, there is no pro-
vision made in the Military Law
or the Civil Service Law with re-
spect to public employees dishonor-
ably discharged from military ser-
vice. It is expected that legislation
this year will clarify this problem.
Tt is our opinion that in the case of
a dishonorably discharged employee,
the appointing officer should have
the discretion to reinstate him with
the approval of our Commission and
that such reinstatement should be
made only when it is found that
the reasons for the dishonorable dis-
charge do not involve the commi-
sion of serious crimes or acts involy-
ing moral turpitude.

Just the other day a question was
presented with regard to vacation
rights and sick leave rights of em-
ployees reinstated after military ser-
vice. A returned soldier had re-
quested that he be allowed his full
vacation allowance for the period he
had served in the Army. This ques-
tion has already. been aswered by
an opinion of the Attorney General,
which stated that no vacation allow-
ance or sick leave can be given for
time spent in military service. How-
ever, if a returned soldier had ac-
crued vacation, sick leave, or over-
time allowance prior to his entrance
into military service, He may be giv-
en time off for such accrued allow-
ance,

I have endeavored to cover some
of the problems which are begin-
ning to face us in connection with
the return of former employees from
military service. There will be many
more and there will probably be
many revisions of Section 246 of the
Military Law to cover these prob-
lems before the war is ended,

Court Decisions

I shall now take up the last part
of my subject, namely, some impor-
tant court decisions and Attorney
General’s. rulings. The first case
which I shall call to your attention
is the Doering v. Hinrichs case. This
case involved the layoff of a civil
service employee. The Court of Ap-
peals, in deciding this case, made a
very far-reaching determination
which upset our practice in layoffs.

February

Formerly, and until July, 1942,
when the decision was handed
down, in determining seniority for
the purpose of a layoff, credit was
given for permanent competitive
service from the date original en-
trance in the service, as long as such
service was continuous and uninter-
rupted. The Attorney General’s of-
fice and our Department had con-
sistently followed the policy that a
leave of absence or a resignation fol-
lowed by reinstatement within the
year did not break the continuity of

- service. In the Doering case the

Court of Appeals held that a resig-
nation, even though followed by a
reinstatement within one year under
the rules of the Commission, broke
the continuity of service and the
date of reinstatement or reentry
marked the new date of “original”
appointment in the service and such
date of reinstatement was to be used
as the starting point in determining,
for the purpose of layoff, seniority
in the inverse order of original ap-
pointment in the service, under
Section 31 of the Civil Service Law.
Many employees who had years of
service prior to resignation and re-
instatement lost the benefit of those
years of service. In view of the de-
cision in the Doering case, our De-
partment was compelled to change
its practice in measuring seniority
for the purpose of promotion. This
changed practice provides _ that
where an employee is reinstated sub-
sequent to July 29, 1942 (the date of
the Doering decision), no credit will
be given to past service in comput-
ing seniority in promotion examina-
tions or salary adjustments. Also,
that an employee reinstated after
July 29, 1942, will lose his eligibility
on any promotion list on which his
name appeared prior to his rein-
statement. Realizing the harmful
effects upon employees of this deci-
sion, the Association of State Civil
Service Employees last year intro-
duced an amendment to Section 31
which provided that a resignation
followed by a reinstatement within
the one-year period does not break
the continuity of service. However,
this amendment was incorporated
in one bill containing other amend-
ments to Section 31 and was vetoed
by the Governor because of the ob-
jectionable features of some of the
other proposals contained in the bill
and not because of the specific
amendment relating to the Doering
decision, It is expected that this year

legislation will again be introduced
on this subject.

In another case, Burns v. Lyons,
decided November 5, 1943, one of
the Commission’s rules, relating to
the appointment of disabled vet-
erans, which has been followed for
many years and never questioned,
was attacked as in violation of the
Civil Service Law. As you know,
under the State Constitution dis-
abled veterans’ are entitled to prefer-
ence in appointment from an open-
competitive or promotional eligible
list upon which their names appear;
and such yeterans must be appoint-
ed before any eligibles on the list
who are not disabled veterans ma)
be appointed, Under Rule VII Q)
of the State Civil Service Rules pro-
vision is made for the manner of
appointment where three or more
disabled veterans appear at the head
of a list. In such case, the appoint-
ing officer, under this rule, is per-
mitted to select any one of the three
highest ranking disabled veterans
and is not required to appoint them
in 1-2-3 order. A disabled veteran
who was number two on the list
brought an action in which he urged
that the appointment of number
three on the list, also a disabled vet-
eran, was improper. However, the
Appellate Division held that the
rule authorizing the selection of any
one of the three disabled veterans
was valid and that it was perfectly
proper to appoint number three of
the disabled veterans and skip num-
ber two.

Another important decision in a
disabled veteran’s case was rendered
in the case of Losee v. Wallace. As
you know, the Constitution gives
disabled veterans absolute prefer-
ence in appointment from civil ser-
vice cligible. lists For many years
the courts had never been called
upon to determine whether a dis-
abled war veteran was required to
serve a probationary term in a posi-
tion to which he was appointed, In
1939, in the case of Losee v. Wal-
lace, this question was presented to
the Supreme Court of Nassau Coun-
ty. The case involved a disabled vet-
eran of the Spanish American War,
who was certified to a competitive
position by the Nassau County Civil
Service Commission, He was ap-
pointed for a three-months proba-
tionary period, at the end of which
time he was dropped—as is permit-
ted in probationary appointments—
without having received a hearing

63

on stated charges. Losee contended

that as a disabled veteran he was en- _

titled to a constitutional preference
in appointment, which could not be
subjected to the mere whim of an
appointing officer through a legisla-
tive requirement that a three-months
probationary period be first served.
The lower court agreed with this
point of view. It stated:

“An appointment subject to
nullification at the end of a pro-
bationary term because some offi-
cial is dissatisfied with the work
performed by the appointee can-
not be regarded as constituting
a real preference in appointment.
Tt must accordingly be held that
the petitioner’s appointment was
absolute and could not have, been
terminated except in the manner
prescribed by Section 22 of the
Civil Service Law, that is, except
for incompetency or misconduct
shown after a hearing upon due
notice upon stated charges and
with the right to such employee
or appointee to a review by cer-
tiorari.”

Since no such hearing was given the
petitioner, he was ordered reinstated
by the court. The effect of this deci-
sion was, of course, far-reaching. It
meant that no disabled veteran who
proved to be unsatisfactory could be
removed except after a hearing on
charges of incompetency or miscon-
duct, even where such incompetency
was manifest during the first few
months of service. Appointing of-
ficers, compelled in the first instance
to appoint a disabled war veteran
who may have barely succeeded in
passing the examination, would un-
der the decision be compelled fur-
ther to adopt the burdensome pro-
cedure of preferring charges and
conducting a hearing thereon in
order to remove an unsatisfactory
appointee. However, the decision of
the lower court was appealed to the
‘Appellate Division, which reversed
it, holding that the constitutional
preference given disabled war vet-
erans did not exempt them from the
obligation of serving a probationary
period as provided by the Civil Ser-
vice Law. The case never went any
higher and the law as it stands to-
day is that a disabled war veteran
is required to serve a probationary
term.

I have already discussed some
opinions of the Attorney General in
the earlier part of this talk, such as
the opinion relating to employees

64

feported missing in action and va-
cation rights of returned yeterans of
the present war.

Before closing, I’d like to call to
your attention two other important
opinions which the Attorney Gen-
eral has given during the past year.

‘As you know, Section 42 of the
Civil Service Law prohibits State
employees from receiving extra pay
for work in their jobs. This bars
overtime pay and had also been con-
strued to bar an employee from get-
ting paid for any additional work he

might perform in another depart- ~

ment. However, the Attorney Gen-
ral has ruled that the section in-
volved merely prevents employees
from neglecting their regular work
in office hours and receiving pay for
overtime in doing that work after
hours. He also stated that it does
not prevent a regular employee of
one department from receiving com-
pensation for services performed in
another department outside the of-
fice hours of his regular employ-
ment, and added that any employee
has a right to work for employers
not connected with the State and re-
ceive compensation therefor, pro-
viding, of course, that such outside
work is not performed during his
hours of regular employment and
does not interefere with the per-
formance of his regular duties. The
same conclusion is reached as to
vacation time.

As a result of this opinion, State
employees have been able, after
regular hours, to alleyiate much of
the shortage in available manpower
by performing work in other State
departments and in essential war
activities.

On the other hand, the Attorney
General was recently forced, be-
cause of statutory requirements, to
decide, reluctantly, that persons over
70 years of age could not be appoint-
ed to non-competitive class posi-
tions, despite the existing critical
manpower shortage. Noting that all
persons in the non-competitive class
must join the State Retirement Sys-
tem and must be retired at the age
of 70, unless their service is extended
by the State Ciyil Service Commis-
sion, the Attorney General held that
although service may be authorized
to continue beyond age 70 it cannot
be authorized to commence after
that age. Accordingly, original ap-
pointments cannot be made of per-
sons over age 70. Inasmuch as com-
petitive class employees must also

join the State Retirement System
and are also subject to the manda-
tory retirement provisions, it is evi-
dent that the Attorney General’s
opinion is applicable to original ap-
pointments to competitive class po-
sitions,

Adopt Uniform Pay
Adjustments

“Five local governments in Mil-
waukee, Wisconsin, through joint
study, have worked out a uniform
plan of automatic adjustment of sal-
aries and wages to changes in the
cost of living. The plan . . . became
effective on August 1, 1943.

“The plan provides for pay ad-
justments which will fluctuate in ac-
cordance with the increases and de-
creases in the cost of living as deter-
mined by the United States Bureau
of Labor Statistics cost-of-living in-
dexes for the Milwaukee area. The
June 15th index in any one year will
determine the cost-of-living increas-
es which the employee will receive
the following year. Upon an as-
sumed minimum annual wage of
$1,620 (considered as the necessary
family minimum during the base
period 1935-39) there is added a
multiplier of 22.7 or $30.64 per
month, the 22.7 representing the
cost-of-living index in the Milwau-
kee area for June 15, 1943, with
1935-39 average as 100,”

The above is from the Noyember
issue of the San Francisco Munici-
pal Review. It indicates in brief
how sound the automatic plan to
assure real wages is. ‘This is the
plan long advocated by the Associa-
tion for emergency conditions.

Back the

ATTACK

Buy War Bonds

The State Employee

Recommended | Reading 4

Prepared by the
Book Information Section of the
New York State Library

FICTION
Indigo, by Christine Weston. Scrib-
ner. $2.50.

Portrays against the brilliantly
realized background of India in the
years before the first World War,
the subtle, emotional relationships
of four young people, Hardyal, an
idealistic Hindu boy; French
Jacques, heir to an indigo planta-
tion; and a boy and girl of an En-
glish army officer’s family. An en-
grossing, colorful novel, which il-
Tuminates the problems of race and
government in India.
Dunnybrook, by G. H. Carroll.

Macmillan. $2.75.

A lovely book of fragrant memo-
ries, a song in praise of the strength
of family ties, and a testimony that
“no one ever dies who is remem-
bered,” this is the history of an old
Maine community of strong men
and staunch-hearted women from
the eighteenth century down to the
present.

Free Man, by Conrad Richter.
Knopf. $1.75.

In this historical tale, employing
the Pennsylvania Dutch dialect,
Henry Free, aged proprietor of a
mill near Reading, recalls his com-
ing to America as an impetuous
Rhine boy, and his resentment
when he discovers he is bound to
an English family to pay for the
ship passage of his dead father and
mother, There is a clash of iron wills
when Miss Amity Bayley attempts
to discipline the impudent and in-
dependent Henry, but after he
serves with the Blue Mountain Li-
berty Boys in the Revolution, he re-
turns as a free man to marry the
lady and to rise to a position of
respect in the community,

Goblin Market, by Helen McCloy.
Morrow. $2.

A baffling, sophisticated mystery
set in Puerta Vieja, Central Ameri-
ca, where Commander Basil Whit-
ing, of the Naval Intelligence ser-
vice, successfully impersonates an
ex-beachcomber and newspaper man
and thereby uncovers-a murder or
two and a sinister scheme for re-
fueling German submarines.

February

Taps for Private Tussie, by Jesse
Stuart. Dutton. $2.75.

Robustly hilarious folk tale with
overtones of pathos and tragedy and
not a few sociological implications.
In the speech of the Kentucky
mountaineers are related the amaz-
ing happenings in the irresponsible
Tussie family when they collect the
ten thousand dollar insurance after
one son has been reported killed in
the war.

NON-FICTION

Colonel’s Lady, by Helen Mont-
gomery. Farrar. $2.50.

Diverting and illuminating chron-
icle by a likable Army wife who is
ready and willing to disclose the
fun, the advantages and disadvan-
tages of Army life, the types of
people and the varieties of social ac-
tivities encountered at an Army
post, to say nothing of the frequent
packings and movings, perchance
to Florida in summer or New En-
gland in winter, or even as far afield
as China.

Dune Boy, by E. W. Teale. Dodd.
$3.

During his boyhood, Edwin Teale
went to a city school in winter, but
all his vacations he spent at Lone
Oak, the Dune-country Indiana
Farm of “Gramp” and “Gram,” as
delightful grandparents as ever a
child was blessed with. How the boy,
possessed of a great love for the out-
of-doors, roamed the fields and
woods, the marshes and dunes, how
he tagged along after Gramp all
over the farm or sat beside him on
wild trips to town to meet the straw-
berry train, all these and countless
other adventures are amusingly re-
lated in pages that recapture a gol-
den period of youth.

India’s Problem Can Be Solved, by
DeWitt Mackenzie. Double-
day. $3.

Informal, but enlightening sur-
yey, depicting the crisis in the re-
lations between Britain and India,
and giving a vivid, unbiased im-
pression of “this land of anomalies
and mysteries—its size and physical
characteristics, its people, its reli-
gious and social structure and its
government.” Quotations from Bri-
tish and Indian leaders of all fac-
tions.

Rise to Follow, by Albert Spalding. —
Holt. $3.50.

The career of a distinguished
American violinist recreated in a
narrative sparkling with a choice
selection of incidents and anecdotes
amusing, thrilling or appalling, con-
nected with his concert tours over
the years in France, England, Rus-
sia, Norway, Italy and America.

The Russian Enigma, by W. H.
Chamberlin. Scribner. $2.75.

“Interpretative study of the Rus-
sian Revolution and of the enigma
that emerged from it.” Among other
things, the author discusses Russian
economy, the main trends in its for-
eign policy, the present military
organization, and the role of the
Soviet Union in the postwar world.

To All Hands, by J. M. Brown,
(Whittlesey House pub.) Me-
Graw. $2.75.

Aboard the flagship of the U. S.
Atlantic Fleet’s Amphibius Force,
headed, as it turned out, for the suc-
cessful invasion of Sicily, John Ma-
son Brown, author and critic, was
appointed “Bridge Announcer,” not
only to report from the bridge each
day's happenings in the crossing to
the battle, and in the engagement
itself, but also to interpret the men’s
moods and changing needs. This
narrative, taken from his talks,
mounts in interest and excitement
with the arrival of the great fleet
of English and American ships in a
North African harbor and finally
the dramatic hour of the attack it-
self on Sicily’s southern shore. An
unusually vivid picture of world
history in the making.

Under a Lucky Star, by R, C.
Andrews. Viking Press. $3.

Since the one desire of his life
was to work in the American Mu-
seum of Natural History, Roy Chap-
man Andrews, newly graduated
from college, offered to clean the
museum floors. Of course, he got
his start, and this is the zestful,
glowing ‘record of his travels dur-
ing the next thirty-five years, of the
great Central Asiatic expeditions,
and his building up of the museum
in the field, and finally as its di-
rector,

65

Citizens of this State are faced
with a decision vital to the merit
system and therefore to good gov-
ernment. The decision involves the
question of veteran preference in
appointment and or promotion in
State service. Because it touches
‘upon members of our families who
are members of the armed forces,
all citizens approach the matter
with mingled feelings as to what
should be done. Sentiment cannot
well be brushed off lightly in deal-
ing with our loved ones who may at
this very moment be crowding to
almost certain death, wounds or dis-
ease in the islands of the Pacific or

in the grilling fierceness of battle on
any foreign front.

Nevertheless, realism must gov-
ern, Each soldier fights for the pre-
servation of American freedom and
individual initiative and against re-
turning to a land plagued with pref-
erence and privilege for any group.
If our civil government is not main-
tained clean and efficient, the sac-
rifices of our soldiers are in vain.
And just as in war, the education,
the special training—the efficiency
—of the soldier is sought out and
the important tasks fall to the most
worthy, so in civil government the
merit system is necessary to select
and encourage the most efficient in
every branch.

There is a proposal before the
Legislature, introduced by Senator
Hampton and Assemblyman De-
vany, calling for a change in the
Constitution to give preference to
all veterans in appointment and pro-
motion,

To the friends of the merit system
this means the death knell of that
system in New York State govern-
ment and in the government of the
sub-divisions of the State.

Another proposal will be intro-
duced which would give partial
preference—probably 10 points to
disabled and 5 points to non-dis-
abled soldiers—to be credited to any
veterans above the passing mark,

There will be much discussion of
this matter for a long time. State
employees, who understand the im-
portance of the merit system, will
naturally be opposed to preference.
And it seems unlikely that if citizens
generally can be informed truly of

66

the consequences, that they will
eventually favor the plan. It is not
a part of the broad plan sponsored
by the American Legion for return-
ing soldiers but is being urged by
some members of the Legion in this
State. 3

In order that you may know how
other States have acted in the past,
we present the following brief sum-
mary. It should’ be understood that
the impact of veteran preference
after this war will be more intensive
and extensive, on account of the
great numbers involved ‘in this
struggle.

WAR VETERANS
PREFERENCE IN CIVIL
SERVICE

CALIFORNIA
War veterans or their widows, at-
taining a passing mark, to be al-
lowed additional credits of 5 points,
and disabled veterans 10 points.
In promotion examinations 3
credits to be allowed to veterans.
ILLINOIS
Veterans to be given preference
for appointment to civil office, pro-
vided they are found’ to possess the
business capacity necessary for the
proper discharge of the duties of
such office.
INDIANA
Disabled veterans only to be giv-
en preference in appointment to
civil offices.
IOWA
War veterans given preference in
appointment to all positions in all
units of government except school
teaching.
KANSAS
War veterans to be given prefer-
ence in all positions in all units of
government.
MARYLAND
Honarbly discharged veterans, if
non-disabled, to be credited with 5
points and if disabled, to be given
a credit of 10 points in all exam-
inations for appointments; the. same
preference to be given to the wives
of such veterans when such veterans
are unable to qualify because of dis-
ability and to the unmarried widows
of deceased veterans.
MASSACHUSETTS
Any war veteran who has received
a medal of honor from the United

an Preference

States, may be employed in the
classified civil service without ex-
amination. Names of veterans who

“pass examinations for appointment

are to be placed on the eligible list
in order of their respective stand-
ings above the names of all other
applicants.

Veterans permanently disabled in
line of duty to be placed ahead of
all veterans on any eligible list. in
order of respective standing and
to be employed and appointed in
preference to all other persons in-
cluding veterans.

MICHIGAN

War veterans to have 10 points
added to their earned ratings if hon-
orably discharged and 15 points if
they have a service connected dis-
ability.

MINNESOTA.

A disabled veteran to have added
to his examination rating a credit of
10 points and if such augmented
rating gives such veteran and he is
able to perform the duties of the po-
sition, he shall be placed at the head
of the eligible list. All other vet-
erans to have added to the exam-
ination rating a credit of 5 points
and his name to be entered ahead of
‘a non-veteran when their ratings are
the same.

MISSOURI

War veterans to have preference
in positions in the State highway
department.

NEW JERSEY

War veterans who obtain the
minimum average rating required,
to receive for 15 or more months of
war service, in addition to the
earned rating, service credits of not
less than 3 and not more than 10
points to be determined by the Civil
Service Commission; and a veteran
wounded or injured to be given the
maximum service credits of 10
points in any examination or test
regardless of the length or character
of their war service and a veteran
with a record of disability incurred
in line of duty who receives a pass-
ing rating in competitive examina-
tion or tests, shall be placed at the
top of the employment list in the
order of their respective final ratings
and in the certification of 3 candi-
dates highest upon any registry for
appointment, one of such 3 being

The State Employee
such veteran; and in the non-compe-
titive class, among those eligible for
appointment, preference shall be
given to a veteran, and further in
any examination, classification or
appointment, world war veterans
shall not be discriminated against
because of any physical defect
caused by wounds or injuries re-
ceived in line of duty,

OHIO

War veterans whose names are on
an eligible list for a position shall
be entitled to preference in original
appointments to any competitive po-
sition in the civil service of the
State and the civil divisions thereof
over all other persons eligible for
such appointments and standing on
such list with a rating equal to that
of the war veteran.

OREGON
War veterans to be preferred for
appointment in employment in
every department and all public
works in the State of Oregon and
of any county, city, town or munici-
pal corporation or political subdivi-
sion thereof, provided that such vet-
eran possesses the business capacity
necessary to the discharge of the

duties of the position.

PENNSYLVANIA

War veterans of any war:to be
preferred for appointment and em-
ployment if not physically handi-
capped in every public department
and upon all public works in the
State, provided they possess other
requisite qualifications,

Veterans of any war should take
any civil service examination in the
Commonwealth to be given credit
for the experience and training de-
tived from such military service and
shall be credited 15% perfect before
the contents of the examination
shall be considered; the rating of
his examination to be added to the
aforesaid 15 percentum and the total
mark to represent his final grade or
classification.

War veterans who shall pass a
civil service examination for a pub-
lic position in the Commonwealth
or any political subdivision, shall be
marked or graded 10% above the
mark credited for his examination
and the total grade thus obtained to
represent his final grade and deter-
sane his standing on any eligible
ist.

Where no civil service examina-

February

~ aveteran, the appointment shall goto

tion is and any veteran
possesses the requisite qualifications,
the appointing power shall give
preference to such veteran notwith-
standing his name does not stand
highest on the eligible list.

RHODE ISLAND

War veterans disabled in service
to be preferred for appointment and
employment if not physically handi-
capped in every public department
and upon all public works of the
State.

Veterans of the Spanish American
War and of the First World War
having service connected disability
or non-service connected disability,
if not handicapped in any wise for
a particular position, shall be ap-
pointed to all vacancies occurring
in the employment of janitors, ele-
yator men, caretakers or any posi-
tion in the custodial service of the
State.

SOUTH CAROLINA

War veterans who in any exam-
ination have attained the minimum
earned rating shall have 5 points
added to such earned rating and any
such veteran having sustained a dis-
ability in line of duty shall have an
additional 5 points added to his
earned rating. These provisions are
also to apply to the widow of any
veteran and to the wife of any vet-
eran whose service connected dis-
ability renders him unemployable.

SOUTH DAKOTA

War veterans, if not wholly phys-
ically handicapped, to be preferred
for appointment, employment, and
promotion in all public departments
and subdivisions and upon all pub-
lic works of the State and of the
counties, cities and towns thereof,
provided they possess the qualifica-
tion and business capacity necessary
to discharge the duties of the po-
sition,

EE

Teachers who serve in the Army
or Navy during World War, if hon-
orably discharged therefrom, to have
a 20-year certificate by the Commis-
sioner of Education of the same
grade as was held by any such teach-
er at the time of entering upon mili-
tary service, and provided they hold
a 4-year examination certificate and
have also taught for a period of at
least 3 years.

WEST VIRGINIA
Veterans of the Spanish Ameri-

can or First World War shall be

given a preference of 5 points in
addition to the rating received on
any examination for positions in the _
Departments of Public Assistance,
Health, and Unemployment Com-
pensation, such position being filled ~
according to non-partisan merit
standards.
TEXAS

If any MERIT COUNCIL be set
up under the State Roard of Public
Welfare, such COUNCIL shall pro-
vide for preference in every State _
department under which the
COUNCIL has supervision, to all
war yeterans honorably discharged,
and residents of the State of Texas
for 10 years and who are competent
and fully qualified for appointments
and employment in such State de-
partments; provided, further, that
such veterans shall receive a credit
of 5 points to be added to their merit
ratings.

VERMONT

In making appointments to cleri-
cal and other positions in all
branches of the State government,
preference to be given to honorably
discharged persons having served in
the armed forces of the United
States, if found to be qualified, and
their names shall be placed ahead
of all applicants of equal qualifica-
tion.

WASHINGTON

War veterans and their widows to
be preferred for appointment and
employment in every public depart-
ment and upon all public works of
the State and of any county thereof,
provided they possess the business
capacity necessary to discharge the
duties of the position involved.

WISCONSIN

Preference for war veterans de-
fined to mean, that: whenever an
honorably discharged veteran com-
petes in any examination, he shall
be accorded five points, and if he
has a disability, directly or indi-
rectly traceable to war service, he
shall be accorded another five points,
in addition to earned ratings in such
examination.

No restrictions as to age to be
imposed in the case of veterans, and
in the certification of eligibles, other
conditions being equal, preference
to be given to veterans,

Foregoing applies to cities and
villages having or establishing a
civil service system.

67

Merit System Expansion

Reprinted from Civil Service
Assembly News Letter, Dec., 1943

The advance of the merit system
during 1943, in terms of establish-
ment of new programs and exten-
sions and consolidation of existing
programs, has taken place for the
most part at the city and county
levels of government, according to
reports reaching the Assembly's
Headquarters’ Office. Twelve cities
and three counties adopted civil ser-
vice laws during the year, one state
and one county extended civil ser-
vice, and four states reorganized
their civil service laws during the
past year. In addition to the de-
yelopments in the United States,
two Canadian provinces—Quebec
and New Brunswick— adopted civil
service.

The cities which adopted 1943
civil service laws are: Hazel Park,
Michigan; Kenosha, Wisconsin; San
Mateo, California; Harvey and
Jacksonville, Illinois; and the New
Jersey municipalities of Linden,
Hamilton, Lakewood, Long Beach,
Lavelette, Seaside Park and Seaside
Heights. The merit system for the
New Jersey cities will be adminis-

tered by the New Jersey State Civil
Service Commission. Counties es-
tablishing civil service agencies in-
clude Fresno County, California;
Fulton County (Atlanta), Georgia;
and Davidson County (Nashville),
Tennessee.

Merit system reorganization took
place in Georgia where the Legis-
lature authorized the Governor to
appoint a three-member council to
administer a merit system for em-
ployees of the State departments of
labor, public welfare and health,
thus consolidating separate merit
system councils for each of the three
departments. Passage of a new civil
service law in Dearborn, Michigan,
creating a Department of Personnel,
replaced two former civil service
commissions covering fire and other
city employees. In Indiana, the State
Legislature abolished the State Per-
sonnel Board and the office of State
Personnel Director, and immediate-
ly thereafter re-created the Board
and office of Director. Changes was
also made in Pennsylvania, where
the Legislature amended the merit
system law to provide that all ap-
pointments, reclassifications and pro-

Delicious Food °

Dancing °*

Everybody’s

FLAG ROOM

Dinner and Supper

Francis Murphy’s Orchestra
Nightly Except Monday

FRANK H. BROWN, Manager

Going to the

TEN
EYCK

motions made under the State merit
system are to be war duration ap-
pointments, made in accordance
with rules established by the various
departments, with the approval of
the Executive Board, rather than in
accordance with existing civil ser-
vice laws.

Extension of the merit system
took place in California, where 1943
laws brought employees of the State
Railroad Commission under the
State civil service. Employees of the
Attorney General’s office (other than
clerical employees, who are already.
included), were also brought under
civil service. Legislative action in
Tennessee also placed employees of
the publicly owned Nashville Elec-
tric Service under civil service.

During 1943, bills to initiate or
extend the merit system were intro-
duced in none State Legislatures—
Arkansas, Arizona, Oregon, Mis-
souri, Nebraska, West Virginia,
Washington, Oklahoma, and Déla-
ware. In every case, however, the

_ proposals were either voted down or

lost in committee. In New Hamp-
shire, although the State has no for-
mal State merit system, a classifica-
tion and pay plan for State employ-
ees was adopted during 1943.

Fair Practice Office

The President's Committee on
Fair Employment Practice has es-
tablished an office in the Empire
State Building, 350 Fifth Avenue,
New York City, as has been an-
nounced by Monsignor Francis J.
Haas, committee chairman. The of-
fice will receive and investigate com-
plaints of discriminatory employ-
ment practices in war industry, labor
unions and government agencies,
serving the State of New York and
the New England states,

GREEN'S
Complete Office Outfitters
Visit Our Enlarged

GIFT SHOP
GREEN'S, 8 to 16 Green St.,
Just off State Phone 3-3155

The State Employee

Job Specifications

(Continued from January issue)

Beginning with the October, 1943,
issue of “The State Employee,” and
continuing through subsequent is-
sues to completion in this issue, the
Association has printed job specifi-
cations for the various positions in
the hospitals and schools under the
jurisdiction of the Department of
Mental Hygiene as set up by the
Civil Service Department. We be-
lieve that these have been helpful
to employees in many ways.

We wish all of our readers to un-
derstand that these specifications do
not indicate that examinations for
the various positions have been
scheduled or are likely to be sched-
uled in the near future. Many let-
ters have been received by the Asso-
ciation headquarters and by the
Civil Service Department asking
concerning examinatons based upon
the job specifications statements ap-
pearing in “The State Employee.”
The publication of the job specifica-
tions did not in any way imply that
examinations were to be held. When
examinations are scheduled, due no-
tice of all such is given by the Civil
Service Department through the
press and otherwise.

HEAD INSTITUTION
PATROLMAN 1-3a
Salary Range $1500-1900 Inc. $100

Definition: Is in charge of a small
police force at a state institution or
acts as a “lieutenant” in a very large
police force; does related work as re-
quired.

Distinguishing Features: A position
in this class involves supervision over
Institution Patrolmen and Watchmen
under general direction from the super-
intendent or chief of police.

Example: Assigns watchmen and
patrolmen to posts of duty; personally
enforces traffic and parking’ regulations
and gives assistance to visitors; is re-
sponsible for the maintenance of law
and order and for the prevention of
crime on the institution grounds ; 9}
erates police squad car patroling the
grounds; searches for escaped pa-
tients; recovers stolen property and
apprehends persons who violate the
law.

Minimum Requirements: 2 years of
satisfactory experience as a member
of a police force; minimum height 5’
8” and minimum weight of 160 pounds;
Possession of a license to operate motor
vehicles in New York State; good
physical condition.

sirable Qualifications: Preferably
graduation from a standard senior high
school; some supervisory ability ; firm-

February

ness; tact; vigilance; courage; re-
sourcefulness.

INSTITUTION PATROLMAN

1-2b
Salary Range $1300-1700 Inc. $100

Definition: Patrols the grounds arti
buildings of a state institution, main-
tains law and order, and guards against
trespass, theft, or damage from other
cause; does related work as required.

Distinguishing Features: A position
in this class involves work which, al-
though usually repetitive, occasionally
calls for resourcefulness, firmness,
and immediate independent action. The
Tnstitution Patrolman is assigned to a
regular beat and shift, and reports all
irregularities and violations of law to
his superior. An employee in this class
wears a police uniform, has authority
to make arrests on the grounds, and
usually is deputized as a law enforce-
ment officer in the surrounding com-
munity.

Example: On an assigned shift
makes periodic rounds of grounds and
buildings on his beat; punches time
clock or calls in to the switchboard at
regular intervals; directs traffic and
parking; gives information to visitors ;
drives ambulance, or assists employees
in an emergency at night; may inspect
all bundles carried by employees or
strangers if theft is suspected; reports
violations, and gives testimony to the
superintendent; may drive police prowl
car; quiets noisy employees at night;
searches for escaped patients or in-
mates ; tends fires at night,

Minimum Requirements: Ability to
speak, read, and write the English lan-
guage; good physical condition; mini-
mum height 5’ 8” and minimum weight
of 160 pounds and possession of a li-
cense to operate motor vehicles: in the
State of New York.

Desirable Qualifications: Reliability ;
courage; resourcefulness; tact; firm-
ness; vigilance; preferably a year of
experience in the care of inmates in an
institution or as a member of a mu-
nicipal police force.

CHIEF INSTITUTION
FIREMAN 1-3b
Salary Range $1700-2100 Inc. $100

Definition: In_an institution, is re-
sponsible for training and supervising
the fire department in methods of fire
prevention and fire fighting; or, in an
institution with no fire department, is
responsible for keeping all fire-fighting
equipment in condition for immediate
effective use, for inspecting the
grounds and buildings to eliminate fire
hazards, and for organizing ‘a volunteer
or part time force for fire-fighting;
does related work as required.

Distinguishing Features: Under gen-
eral direction from the steward or
superintendent, the chief is responsible
for keeping fire fighting equipment in
excellent condition, for keeping fire
hazards at a minimum, and for gaining
immediate control over fires which oc-

cur despite all precautions, The posi-
tion requires thorough knowledge of
fire prevention and fire fighting tech-
niques, and also calls for supervisory
ability, courage, and the ability to in-
struct subordinate employees.

Example: Assigns firemen and
“lieutenants” to various. tasks; pre-
pares a schedule for periodic inspec-
tion of all fire extinguishers, hoses and
sprinkler systems; inspects all insti-
tution buildings regularly, securing
elimination of fire hazards; sees that
fire trucks, pumpers, and hose carts
are kept in readiness for immediate ef-
fective use; supervises fire drills; su-
pervises actual fire fighting when fires
occur; trains Institution Firemen in
the above work; keeps time of ate
dinate employees.

Minimum Requirements: 4 years OF
satisfactory experience as a member
of a fire department; good physical
condition; and completion of a muni-
cipal course in fire-fighting.

Desirable Qualification. faulty to
command respect and obedience from
subordinate employees; ability to se-
cure cooperation from heads of other
institution departments; thorough
knowledge of standard ‘fire fighting
equipment and technique; dependabil-
ity; courage; resourcefulness.

HEAD INSTITUTION
FIREMAN
Salary Range $1500-1900 Inc, $i00

Definition: In an institution with a
full time fire department, acts as a
“lieutenant” in charge of an assigned
shift; does related work as required,

Distinguishing Features: Where
there is a full time department, a Head
Institution Fireman is in charge of
fire prever , fire fighting equipment,
and subordinate employees on an as-
signed shift.

Example: Assigns Institution Fire-
men to various tasks; supervises the
hspeciee of fire extinguishers, hoses,

sprinkler systems; inspects build-
ings regularly, securing elimination of
fire hazards; participates in fire drills;
assumes command of the department in
the absence of the chief; assists or su-
pervises in extinguishing fires.

Minimum Requirements: 2 years of
satisfactory experience as a member
of a fire department; good physical
condition.

Desirable Qualifications: Ability to
train part-time firemen; ability to se-
cure cooperation from heads of other
institution departments; knowledge of
standard fire fighting equipment and
techniques; dependability; courage;
resourcefulness; completion of a mu-
nicipal course in fire fighting,

INSTITUTION FIREMAN 1-2b
Range $1300-1700 Inc, $100
Definition: As a member of the fire
department of a state institution, par-
ticipates in a program of fire preven-
tion and fights fires if they occur; does
related work as required.

69
in keeping fire fighting

nee uishing UG atated ‘An Insti-

ion Pei um cl supervi-
sion from the chief, does routine work
‘ipment in
Condition for immediate effective use.
There is some danger of physical in-
jury in fighting fires.

Example: Inspects and refills fire
extinguishers; inspects and tests sprin-
kler systems and fire hoses; reports
fire hazards to his superior; ies
pates in regular fire drills; with stan-
dard fire fighting equipment, assists in
putting out fires; drives fire engine.

Minimum Requirements: Ability to
speak, read, and write the English lan-
guage; good physical condition.

Desirable Qualifications: Depend-
ability; resourcefulness; fearlessness ;
mechanical aptitude; ability to follow
instructions ; completion of a municipal
course in fire fighting.
GREENHOUSEMAN 4-1b
Salary Range $1200-1700 Inc. $100

Definition: Cares for flowers and
yegetables in the greenhouse of a state
institution; does related work as re-
quired,

Distinguishing Features: An em-
ployee in this class performs routine
work calling for skill in growing flow-
ers, and propagating vegetables. ‘The
position involves supervision oyer one
or two working inmates, The Green-
houseman ordinarily is responsible to
the Farm Manager or Supervisor of
Grounds.

Example: Seeds, waters, propagates,
plants, and transplants flowers, orna-
mental plants, and vegetables; regu-
lates the temperature, humidity, and
yentilation of the greenhouse; fumi-
gates and sprays to check insect or
fungus posts; assists in outside flower
and vegetable garden work; prepares
special soils for delicate plants; keeps
records of production an supplies.

Minimum Requirements: 1 year of
satisfactory experience in greenhouse
work under a skilled greenhouseman or
florist.

Desirable Qualifications: Prefer-
ably graduation from a standard senior
high school with a diploma in agricul-
ture; some knowledge of commercial
greenhouse management; industrious-
ness; ability to get along with work-
ing patients or inmates; good physical
condition,

CHAUFFEUR 9b-2a
Si Range $1500-2000 Inc. $100

Definition: Operates a passenger
car for a high ranking state employee,
or transports inmates of state institu-

* tions on the public highway; does re-

lated work as required.

Distinguishing Features: A position
in this class involves responsibility for
careful operation of state owned ve-
hicles on public roads.

Example: Acts as personal chauf-
feur for the Superintendent of a state
institution, transporting his superior
from place to place on request; acts
as chauffeur for a department head or
other high ranking department official ;
calls for patients at their homes or
elsewhere, and delivers them to a state
institution; may assist in minor repairs
to motor equipment.

Minimum Requirements: Possession
of-a New York State chauffeur’s li-
cense, 2 years of satisfactory commer-

70

cial experience as the operator of a
motor vehicle, and for the 5 preced-
ing years, a good safety record in the
operation’ of private and commercial
vehicles.

Desirable Qualifications: Reliability ;
temperance; judgment; mechan-
ical aptitude; good eyesight and good
physical condition.

MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATOR
9b-1b

Salary Range $1200-1700 Inc. $100

Definition: Operates a motor truck,
delivering and calling for laundry, gar-
bage, food stores, and other materials,
usually on the grounds of a state insti-
tution; does related work as required.

Distinguishing Features: A Motor
Vehicle Operator must be a careful

driver, and must be able to get along
with working patients who help him
by loading and unloading his truck.

A position in this class does not or-
dinarily require much driving off the
institution grounds, but may occasion-
ally involve operation of an ambulance,
a bus, a private car, a bulldozer, a trac-
tor, and other motor vehicles in addi-
tion to various kinds of trucks.

Example: With the help of working
patients, calls for and delivers laundry ;
collects garbage and ashes; delivers
food, clothing, and household supplies
from the store house; drives squads
of working patients to various work
places on the grounds; drives patients
to treatment clinics, to church, or to
other functions ; checks water, gas, oil,
and air for his vehicle; may assist with
minor mechanical repairs; may drive
the ambulance for transfer agents or
social workers.

Minimum Requirements: Possession
of a New York State chauffeur’s li-
cense; ability to speak, read, and write
the English language.

Desirable Qualifications: Good phys-
ical condition; good judgment; good
eyesight; temperance; mechanical ap-
titude; preferably five years of ex-
perience in driving a private or com-
mercial motor vehicle with a good
safety record.

BLACKSMITH 9b-2a
Si Range $1500-2000 Inc, $100

Definition: Performs general ham-
mer and anvil work on iron and steel ;
does related work as required.

Distinguishing Features: A Black-
smith works under general non-tech-
nical supervision, He does not regu-
larly supervise other employees but,
in an institution, usually has one or
two patient or inmate helpers. A po-
sition in this class involves the appli-
cation of skilled journeyman techniques
in forge work.

Example: Shoes horses; hardens,
tempers, and dresses stecl tools; makes
tools and repairs parts for mechanical
equipment; repairs furniture, fixtures
and farm equipment where the use of
iron and steel is required; may do
welding and brazing; orders supplies
and materials.

Minimum Requirements: 2 years of
satisfactory experience under a jour-
neyman blacksmith. :

Desirable Qualifications: Ability to
temper and weld steel ; ability to man-
age horses; ability to work from draw-
ings and to make estimates on black-

smith work; physical strength and
agility; reliability industriousness,
BRICKMAKER 9b-2b
Salary Range $1800-2300 Inc. $100
* Definition: At Craig Colony for
Epileptics, is in charge of the manu-
facture of kiln dried bricks; does re-
lated work as required.

Distinguishing Features: The Brick-
maker, a skilled tradesman, is respon-
sible for the production of bricks for
new buildings. A position in this class
involves supervision over Maintenance
Helpers who perform manual labor in
the_brickyard.

Example:

(In preparation.)

Minimum Requirements: 4 years of
satisfactory experience assisting a
skilled Brickmaker.

Desirable Qualifications: Thorough
knowledge of brick mixing and brick
burning; skill in operating and main-
taining brickyard machinery; mechan-
ical aptitude; industriousness; thor-
oughness; good physical condition.

CONSTRUCTION EQUIP-
MENT OPERATOR 9b-2a
Range $1500-2000 Inc. $100

Definition: Operates steam, gasoline
or air driven equipment on highway
work, or operates similar equipment on
canals, parks, or in institution main-
tenance and construction work; does
related work as required.

Distinguishing Features: A position
in this class requires a skilled mechanic
who can operate many kinds of light
construction equipment. The position
does not ordinarily involve operating
large power shovels or cranes,

‘wample: Operates and makes
minor repairs to road rollers, bull-
dozers, tractors, power mowers, cement
mixers, stone crushers, stone drills,
pneumatic drills and dump trucks.

Minimum Requirements: Mechanical
aptitude and proficiency in making
minor repairs to construction equip-
ment; reliability; good judgment;
good physical condition.
CRANEMAN 9b-2b
S ange $1800-2300 Inc. $100

Definition: Operates and: maintains
a steam, electric, or gasoline driven
crane, usually for the purpose of load-
ing or unloading coal barges, dump
trucks, or coal conveyors; does re-
lated work as required.

Distinguishing Features: A Crane-
man must be a skilled operator of con-
struction equipment, He is responsible
for safe operation of his crane, and
for keeping the machinery in good
working condition, An employee in
this class works under general super-
vision from an engineer, and does not
ordinarily exercise supervision over
subordinate employees.

Example: Loads and unloads boats,
barges. freight cars, and trucks; moves
piles of coal, sand, and gravel; makes
mechanical and electrical repairs to
the crane; oils and greases the crane;
fires ths boiler of steam cranes.

Minimum Requirements: 4 years of
satisfactory experience in mechanical
maintenance or construction work, 2
of which shall have included the opera-
tion of power driven construction
equipment.

The State Employee
cyert in War-time y,
DeWitt CLinTon

/ td a knot AOLEL
is ,

than Goon!

Come to the

MAIN DINING ROOM for
FINE FOOD at POPULAR PRICES

Come ... enjoy this pleasant change from the
LUNCHEON crowds, the rush and clatter of ordinary restaurants. You
12402 won't have to wait for a table. You won't be pushed
around. You won't need to cup your ears to hear what

DINNER thers at your table are saying.
6 t09 Come to the De Witt Clinton Main Dining Room and
really ENJOY your meals. The food will meet your fond-
est hopes and the low, popular prices will please you.

and... DON’T FORGET... March 2
BIG, ANNUAL ASSOCIATION DINNER

The DE WITT CLINTON

State and Eagle Streets John J. Hyland, Manager Albany, N. Y.