Illinois, multiple executions, 1912-1957, Undated

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150 Spectators. -
© condemned men were

ded as they Walked into the

Chamber and saw neither
P Ror the 130 Spectators, —


shouting goodbye in
Moat penetrated the glass
nm betwen the chamber and
i Cuarters when the

i eiectric shock was given.
$ last statement was.a plea
“God and those J have ine
g@forgive me.” ;
maintained a atoicas

ghout the long Gay
“wee Visited by their refas!
‘a went the ghar with¢

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speed i dr into...the' dec e)
and as he sat tensed. awaitin the |
| shock, Warden Frank D. ipp
f approached him to ask if-he had a
\last word to Sav.

“l forgive all the gy who have
finjured meé and I ask the forgive~.
ness of those witicrn ; have injur-.
ied.” he said briefly. When he in-
}Gicated that he had nothing more
1 gay, Warden Whipp step
back, signalled the elec ticiene ena
Moe first shock, 2.500 voli«. whe
Deeiniatsterad at F203 8, moO
was followed by shocks of 500 and
pee volts and at 1:04 a. m. Dre:
as A wna and Frenk Ches
melik of tha pris setagy oes

hounced him dead ad

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] ‘ed nid ihe ne: <t ViCtimn, vas Dre bg
4 © entered th ve death chamber |
Vat 1:09 a. m., was strapoed in the!
ithair and then wat asked by War. |

dew Whipp if he had ” statement
to make.

:

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ntinved on page 13, colume his


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able . . .” he began, as he and the others prepared to
step down from the makeshift platform in
with the police officer’s order.

He never finished his sentence, his words cut off by
a deafening explosion in the front of the police ranks.
One officer was killed on the spot, and 60 to 70 others
were felled by the blast. Seven the injured would
later die of their wounds.

Stunned police—180 of them against more than a
thousand—instinctively opened fire on the crowd, kill-

Witnesses would later say that they saw the bomb’s
glowing fuse arc through the darkness as it was hurled
by a shadowy figure from behind a pile of boxes in a
factory doorway.

It never was determined who threw the deadly
missile, but the public and the press clamored for
justice.

Hundreds of known or suspected anarchists were
rounded up by police, 31 were indicted on various
charges, and eight eventually were charged with
murder. .

Why eight?

“My own conviction is . . . it was retribution—eight
anarchists for eight policemen,” suggests Bernard
Kogan, a University of Ilinois at Chicago professor
who in 1959 authored a monograph titled ‘“The Chicago
Haymarket Riot: Anarchy on Trial.”

It was, as they say, an eye for an eye—an anarchist
for a cop.

Though indicted for murder, the eight were tried and
convicted on a charge of inciting to murder. Five were
sentenced to be hanged.

It was the Haymarket incident, according to Paul
Avrich, distinguished professor at Queens College and
Graduate School in Flushing, N.Y., that ‘stamped
forever the image of the anarchists as wild-eyed,
shaggy-haired, foreign-born, bomb-throwing maniacs,
a stereotype that has remained embedded in the
American consciousness.”

Those who were convicted for their alleged part in

the affair hardly fit the stereotype, although some
came closer than others. These are the Haymarket
Eight, all easy targets to satisfy the lust for vengeance
the public felt at the time:

ta

ON

awe ome NRT
eeesiis tos Haymarket
as it appears | riot site
today [above] [JA Tapeey | te a
appeared. in 1936 L_| 'pmeralc otal
fetow Wl Ee CG
by rear BA 17810
Fale retbeen JOE

@ George Engel, 50, was the owner of a toy store. He
was born in the town of Cassel, Germany, on April 15,

wagon factory, where fellow workers soon got him
1 i labor movement. In 1876 he and his
wife opened a toy store in their home at 28 N.

i . By then the plain man with the round
face and thinning hair had become a fervent champion

preached, ‘‘not brought about by the working men but
by the capitalists,” and he urged workers to arm
themselves for the impending battle.

@ Samuel Fielden, 39, known as “Good Natured

Sam,” was the man on the speakers’ wagon at the
moment the bomb was thrown. A Britisher, he was
born in the town of Todmorden in Lancashire on Feb.


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; a- Z ” B oy FINAL 3 DAYS

IN STORE

house Sale

Riot
-T INSTANT I
s CREDIT
, No Payment
. C6: Until June, 1986 continued from page 15
fine first served.

°
#h our warehouses and gather together discounted styles, over stocked items, but never a standout in

fs, scratched and dented La Z Boy recliners. sofettes. modulars, sleepers. the revolutionary
tes. Then we price them at whatever we think will move it fast! This adds up to movement Born in

ear. Chairs and sleepers in manv cases at our cost just to move them fast. It's New York City on July

Setore Spring. It's a one shot sale. All items subject to prior sale. no returns or

4 recliner or sleeper this year, don't miss this sale! 12, 1850, he spent his

- after his parents re-
turned to their native
Genuine La-Z-Boy® Recliners! soil. He was 14 when he
returned to the U.S., 15
List when he first came to
Chicago. He worked as
a waiter and bartender
in a German saloon
and then took a job as
a lake seaman. After
holding a number of
other jobs elsewhere,
he married in 1873 and
returned to Chicago
several years later.
Fighting for a reduc-
tion of working hours
and for the education of
the working man, he
soon found himself
blacklisted as an agita-
tor and had great difficulty supporting his family. In 1879 he
finally landed a job as a salesman for a yeast factory, and two
years later started his own firm. As a “hustler” in the labor
movement, he helped organize the bakers, beer wagon drivers
and brewers, for whom he won an increase in wages and a
reduction, to 10 hours, of their working day.

@ Albert Parsons, the recognized leader of the revolutionary
movement, was considered the only “real’’ American among the
group; he could trace his lineage back to the Mayflower. His
forebears included Revolutionary War Gen. Samuel Parsons and
American jurist Theophilis Parsons, and his older brother was
Confederate Army Gen. William Parsons, who had also served
under Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War. Albert Parsons, the
‘youngest of 10 children, was born June 20, 1848, in Montgomery,
Ala., where his parents had moved from Maine. Hé joined the
Confederate Army at age 13 and fought in the Civil War as a
member of the Lone Star Grays. Although he fought on the side
of slavery, he married a woman described in those days as
“colored,” although his wife, Lucy, claimed to be part Mexican
and part Indian. He came to Chicago two years after the Great
Fire and worked as a typesetter for the Inter Ocean and Times.
A slender clean-cut man who dressed well, he soon found himself

* embroiled in the battle for an &hour working day. A colorful
speaker, he became active in the socialist movement, and as a
Chicago delegate to the Revolutionary Socialistic Party’s unifica-
tion congress in Pittsburgh in October of 1883, he took a
prominent part in the proceedings.

“ Py
MO cl:
.

The anarchists on the gallows: “Let the

“0 Genuine La-Z-Boy® Sleep
‘as and Love Seats!

\\

ae i bP dae
) hb . y

Wa

A List $529. Save $152

B. List $699. Save $212

C. List $779. Save $182
\ ichael Schwab, 32, a gaunt bearded man who
ns $597 looked older than his years, was born in
b ¥3u Bavaria Aug. 9, 1853. His mother was a
ee #2 peasant, his father a tradesman. Like sever-
al other members of the labor movement, he
fas ular Sectionals.: was orphaned. An apprentice bookbinder, he
Se and Mod 2 left Europe, as did many of his compatriots,
OAK LAWN: 10639 S. Cicero Ave. © 425-1039 to escape the widespread poverty and came to Chicago in 1879,

ete: {set dnceaarin © aeoreo? ween te already an avowed socialist. A literate man who loved the

HARLEM & IRVING: 4109 North Harlem Ave. © 457-0284 aig he was tg as scholarly in appearence. He started
HAMMOND: 6752 Indianapolis Blvd. 219-645-084 1 eteation work as a reporter for Arbeiter-Zeitung quickly rose to
rax Rule ao0 Sami ane oeewee associate editor under Spies. He found conditions for the working
SCHAUMBURG: 1066 W. Gor Ad © 519-0360 man no better here than those he left behind in Europe. He once
ARLINGTON HEIGHTS: 1107 €. Rand Rd © 302-6166 = i explained, ‘‘Seeing the terrible abuses with my own eyes... . the
. ° ‘arnsworth @ ’
sHOPPES MORTON GROVE: 5928 W. Dempster © 967-6013 Co) ie

BACKEARM: SRA2 Fae State St @ 815-207-0074


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Riot

continued from page 13

time to address you. I will say, however, first, this
meeting was called for the purpose of discussing the
general situation. . . It seems to have been the opinion
of the authorities that this meeting was called for the
purpose of raising a little row and disturbance. This,
however, was not the intention of the committee that
meeting wanted to tell you certain facts of which you
are probably aware.”

He went on to blame the “capitalistic press” for
“‘misrepresenting the cause of labor’’ and charged that
“McCormick . . . must be held responsible for the
murder of our brothers.” But he implored the crowd,
“Don’t make any threats; they are of no avail.
Whenever you get ready to do something, do it and
don’t make any threats beforehand.”

He concluded by asserting, eS ee ae
is with us, those who are not unworthy of their
rraditiies and their éetathers.”

At 9 p.m. Parsons, a spellbinder with a reputation as
a blood-and-thunder orator, mounted the four-wheeled
platform.

He pointed out that workers received only 15 cents
out of every dollar earned by capitalists and went on
to advocate the 8-hour work day.

“It is time to raise a note of warning. There is
nothing in the 8-hour movement to excite the capi-
talists,”” he declared. ‘“‘Do you know that the military
are under arms and a Gatling gun is ready to mow you
down? Is this Germany or Russia or Spain?”

of your liberty and your independence, to arm, to arm
yourselves.”

When voices from the crowd shouted,
ready!’’ he retorted, “You are not.”

“We are

It was 10 p.m. before the third speaker, Fielden, was
introduced by Parsons. “There is no security for the
ee oe ee Ee ee eee

Barely 10 minutes into Fielden’s speech, the wind
whipped up, the sky darkened, the drizzle turned into
rain, and the crowd started to break for cover.
Continuing to speak as his audience » Fielden
exhorted, “What matters it whether you kill yourselves
with work to get a little relief or die on the battlefield
resisting the enemy. ... Any animal, however
loathsome, will resist when stepped upon. Are men
less than snails and worms?”

He was concluding his remarks when, to his amaze-
ment, a cordon of blue-uniformed police loomed in the
darkness to the sound of marching feet.

Fearing violence, District Police Cmdr. John Bon-
field and Capt. William Ward had decided to lead a
column of 180 officers from the nearby Desplaines
Street station toward the speakers’ wagon and order
the group to break up.

‘In the name of the people of the state of Illinois, I
command this meeting immediately and peaceably to
payor Capt. Ward bellowed.

offered no argument. “We are peace

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Three murders solved, and the killers
in custody! Believing the stickup mob
fully capable of all the crimes in the
Twenty-second street district, I accused
Crapo of shooting Sergeants Carlin and
McNally.

“Sarge, it wasn’t me that shot those
two coppers,” Crapo muttered. “You
can’t pin every job on me. I was al-
ready running when they got shot. I
saw them drop. Listen, you go ask Nick
Viana who shot ’em.”

Clearly, the implication was that
Young Viana had shot the two police
sergeants. I took still another tack.

“How about Santo Orlando, your pal
that was in the canal?” I snapped.

The youth’s dark eyes stared at me
and then turned away.

“You knew him,” I said.

“Orlando? Yeh, I saw him around.”

“Who put the five bullets into his
head? Why was he in the canal? Why
was he wearing skirts?”

ee looked at me through narrowed
lids.

“What’s the idea?” he said. “You think
I tell everything. You got one murder
rap on me. Give me a break.”

The youth then became sullen and
evasive and I got nowhere with further
questioning of him, I turned then to the
pleasant-appearing Nick Viana, only 18
years old, but surely a killer. When I
told him Crapo’s admission he admitted
shooting Wendell in the saloon holdup.

Then he admitted shooting the police
sergeants. And he told of many stick-
ups and burglaries, of slugging and rob-
bing Chinese and shooting at negroes,
an amazing recital of crime told calmly
by a boy! His confessions cleaned up
numerous unsolved crimes on_ police
dockets of the near South Side.

“Who killed Orlando and put him into
the canal?” I demanded. Strangely,
Viana’s attitude changed and he quit
talking. The mystery of Orlando chal-
lenged me more strongly and I was de-
termined to find the answer. I tried to
get it from Errico and Campioni, but
they, too, refused to discuss Orlando.

But there was other work to do imme-
diately. With the other members of the
homicide squad I conferred with as-
sistant state’s attorneys on plans for
prosecuting the prisoners. Considering
the ve of whether the youths could
employ lawyers I found puzzling the fact
that despite their many and profitable
stickups the prisoners were not well-
clothed, did not appear to have money
and had lived in dingy quarters. I ques-
tioned Crapo about it.

“You fellows must have a lot of
money,” I said. “Got it buried or in a
safe deposit box?”

“There ain’t much left after the boss
gets his,” Crapo said calmly.

“Who’s the boss?”

Crapo looked startled.

“Say, Sarge,” he whined. “Forget that
I said it, will you? I didn’t mean to
sing. I don’t want to get killed.”

“Nobody’s going to kill you,” I said.
“Not now, anyway. You're safe in
here.”

“He'd do it some way. He ain’t called
The Devil for nothing. Nobody can
sing on ‘Il Diavolo’ and get away with
it. I ain’t saying another word.”

I was startled, but I tried to conceal
my perturbation from Crapo. At last, a
chance of a trail to The Devil, that mys-
terious master of crime!

‘“Where is he? Who is he?” I shot
the question at Crapo. But he had quit

talking. I grilled Viana and Campioni,
but they wouldn’t talk about “Il Dia-
volo.” There was terror in their eyes.

The Story Of The Devil

I WORKED on Sansoni then, pleading
with him for facts and pretending to
have some about The Devil. Sansoni
talked then.

“He can’t get in here to kill me. ll
take a chance, but he’ll get me later any-
way. I! Diavolo got me to go out on the
stickup. You know Nick Viana. Well,
Nick was a choir boy and. a good boy.
He went to church and sang the hymns
and sang at vespers. Then the Devil got
hold of him and got him out on the stick-
up. The Devil gave him a gun and put
him to work to get money for him.

“Like me, like Nick, he got hold of
us and had us go around with older
boys that had guns, and they’d tell us
about making easy money. He’d get us
to roll the dice with him and the dice
were heavy on one side and he’d get us
owing him money. Then he’d give us
guns and tell us to go out and get the
money we owed him.

“T heard stories about how somebody
didn’t do what the Devil said, and was
found with bullets in him or a knife in
him. He would get behind me and twist
my arm until it nearly -broke and say:
‘Go get money to pay me and don’t ever
be a stool pigeon on me or you get
killed.’

“One day he sent me and Campioni
out to do a job. He said that if we
didn’t do it he would tell police we were
stickup men and we'd be put in jail. The
job was to go to the carpenter shop of
Larue in Dearborn north of Twenty-
second and get $4,000 Larue had hid in a
back room. He said to go in to this
old man, Larue, and show guns and scare
him and then put a stiletto to his stomach
and push it till he told where the money
was.

“He said that after we got the money
we had to shoot Larue or Larue would

First of the mob to be trapped by

officers, Tommy Errico furnished

Brady and his men with a lead which

landed the Devil’s gang behind the
bars.

62 THanx You For MENTIONING STARTLING DETECTIVE ADVENTURES

Confronted by «
gunmen, Andre.
keeper, courageo
to die under a }

LLL,

have us put in ja
make sure Laruc
went out.

“We went out
talking and it d
went to the plac:
storm shed over
basement that |
figured somebody
shed. We went
Larue wasn’t hor

“The boss cal
pigeons and s °
told us just he
we stopped a
short cut we tc_-.
it out that the |
follow us and th
to have us kille
shed or maybe ai

“T shouldn’t sir
kill me now.”

Amazing thou;
I believed it fully
him the name a
“the boss.” Bu
and refused to t

The D

GAIN I wen:
oners, tellin
telling that “the
punishment for t
At last, after alo
the former choi
wept.

“You go to th
Twenty-second |
his place. He’s

Never in my :
department did
I called Sergea:
Carroll and we
squad car at fift
parking the car
store front at N
dirty windows f

We went in \
saw a counter °


re een

CARDINELLA Gang, Illinois.

—|IL Diavolo.

-. By Lieutenant Phil Carroll.
Of the Chicago Police D partment,
as Told. to

Richard Craig

HEN “The Devil” crooked his

finger people died. Guns
flared at his command; bul-
lets thudded into soft flesh. Noses
were broken; lighted cigarettes were
shoved into the bared soles of. feet;
stilettos turned around and around be-
tween tortured ribs.

All this The Devil ordered. And
there would be no reprisals. The
Devil feared no man. A great city,
Chicago, quaked in terror at the men-
tion of his name. Why should he
fear man?

Least of all The Devil feared the
law. The law didn’t even know The
Devil existed. The law never would
know, for he dealt summarily with
people who talked too much. His fol-
lowers realized that; realized’ what
would happen to them should they
even imply to a copper that he existed.

And should he fall into the hands of
the police, The Devil knew what to
do. Even under the greatest emer-
gency—when he walked up those thir-
teen steps to the gallows—he would be
prepared. They would stretch his
neck and pronounce him dead—but he
would walk again, walk and direct
once more his cohorts in murder, tor-
ture and robbery.

All this The Devil knew. And he
knew that it was no occult, nefarious
curse that would save him from the
hangman. It was cold, calculable fact.
born of science. He couldn’t be
hanged. You shall see...

But what did The Devil have to de
with the cold-blooded murder drama
in the South-Side saloon? For that
is where this story really begins:

Andrew P. Bowman, veteran saloon
keeper, polished glasses behind the bar
in his drinking place at No. 447 West
Twenty-Second Street. It was June

Thomas Errico: He was one

man who didn’t quake with

fear when he witnessed a
cold-blooded murder

10

24, 1919. His lone customer, Benjamin
Wendel, an electrician who resided at
No. 3215 Lexington Street, sipped a
stein of beer.

Bowman peered toward the street.

“Hungry for business?” Wendel
asked with a laugh.

“Nope, Ben,” Bowman grinned. “I’m
eager to see those factories let out.
Today’s pay-day for the boys. I’ve
got a lot of cash on hand so I can
break their checks. And I’m afraid
to have so much dough here; there’ve
been too many stickups.” .

Wendell pushed his empty mug to:
ward the saloon keeper.

Salvatore “Sam” Cardinella—
“Il Diavolo”: He used loaded
dice and backed them up with
promises of torturous death

Frank Gibbia (left): Gangland
beat the police to him. At the
right is Nick Viana, the Choir
Boy who sang two different ways

“Fill it up again, Andy,” he said.
“Have one yourself.”

As Bowman combed the foam that
crowned the freshly drawn steins of
amber fluid the doors of the estab-
lishment banged open. Seven youths
strode in. Their hands clutched re-
volvers.

“A stickup,” one of the youths cried.
“Hands up, or die!”

With a bellow of rage Bowman flung
a heavy stein straight into the face of
one of the snarling gunmen. Wendel
swung at another. -

Guns blazed. When the smoke
cleared away Bowman lay on the

OFFICIAL DETECTIVE sTORIES, MA ROH 15, 1937.


“ampioni,
“Tl Dia-
\ ir eyes.

il

. pleading
ending to
Sansoni

ime. I'll
later any-
put on thie
ia. Well,
zood boy.
he hymns
Devil got
the stick-
n and put
- him.

t hold of
vith older
‘d tell us
e'd get us
1 the dice
e'd get us
d give us
id get the

somebody
. and was
a knife in
- and twist
- and say:
don’t ever
- mm get

npioni

if we
e we were
n jail. The
er shop of
f Twenty-
ad hid ina
in to this
s and scare
lis stomach
the money

the money
arue would

2 Tae

Confronted by a quartette of Devil
gunmen, Andrew Bowman, saloon-
keeper, courageously gave battle only
to die under a hail of blazing lead.

menial

have us put in jail. He said we had to
make sure Larue was dead before we
went out.

“We went out on the job but we got
talking and it didn’t look right. We
went to the place and saw there was a
storm shed over the passage into the
basement that led into the shop. I
figured somebody might kill us from the
shed. We wént back and told the boss
Larue wasn’t home.

“The boss called us liars and stool
pigeons and said we didn’t go in... He
told us just how we went there and how
we stopped and looked and about the
short cut we took coming back. I figured
it out that the boss had other fellows
follow us and that maybe he was going
to have us killed, maybe at the storm
shed or maybe after we got the money.

“T shouldn’t sing on him. I guess he’ll
kill me now.”

Amazing though Sansoni’s story was,
I believed it fully, and I demanded from
him the name and the whereabouts of
“the boss.” But Sansoni was terrified
and refused to tell me.

The Devil’s Hideout

enn I went the rounds of the pris-
oners, telling them about the Devil,
telling that “the boss” should share in
punishment for the crime he had caused.
At last, after a long talk with Nick Viana,
the former choir boy broke down and
wept.

“You go to the poolroom at 218 West
Twenty-second place,” Viana said. “It’s
his place. He’s in there.”

Never in my many years in the. police
department did I go into action faster.
I called Sergeants Norton, Alcock and
Carroll and we sped across town in a

_»

and three pool tables behind it. A thick-
set, swarthy man in shirt sleeves was
before us, his back to the counter. He
whirled and faced us.

I leaned over the counter and jammed
my .38 against him. Phil Carroll stepped
around the counter and covered him.

“Put your hands out here, in front,”
Carroll commanded. The man cursed
but I jammed my gun harder against him.
He put his hands out and Carroll snapped
handcuffs on his wrist.

“What for you stick up a business
man, you coppers?”: he snarled. He
talked rapidly in Italian, but we were al-
ready dragging him and pushing him
out to the car.

At Hudson avenue we learned our new
prisoner was Sam Cardinella, 39 years
old, long the operator of the poolroom.
I led Nick Viana to the cell where Cardi-

‘nella sat. The youth looked in and shrank

back against me.

“You got the Devil,” Viana said. '

Never, in all my work in the depart-
ment, did I have a more gratifying mo-
ment, such a sense of work well done,
us when I looked into that cell and real-
ized that I had the master of murder se-
curely locked up, his career of crime
surely ended!

When I tried to question him, I felt
that the urge to kill had flared up in him
anew. He hunched forward and _ his
black eyes glittered. The skin wrinkled
on his brow in a frown which increased
his ugliness, and the flesh bulged on his
short neck. And though I tried for a
long time to draw him into making some
admissions, Sam Cardinella wasn’t doing
any talking except cursing in rapid
Italian.

He would say sometimes: “No under-
stan’,” though I knew he could under-
stand and speak English. I brought be-
fore him the young men who had been his
slaves, and he would shake his head and
say: “Don’t know that fella.”

We worked on quickly, getting the
youths’ confessions down on paper. We
needed a direct accusation against Cardi-
nella as involved in one murder, and we
got an explicit statement from Crapo that
Cardinella plotted the saloon holdup in
which the two men were slain.

I wanted, of course, to send Cardinella
to the gallows. I believed that thus many
of the so-called “Black Hand” killings of
several years would be avenged. And I
was convinced that removal of Cardinella
and his young proteges from the Twenty-
second street district would end the wave
of crime there.

The state’s attorney’s staff decided to
prosecute the entire mob on the basis of
the murder of saloonkeeper Bowman.
But Cardinella, who for years had pre-
tended to be an impecunious business
man, employed one of the highest-priced
criminal lawyers in the city to defend
him. I learned then that “Il Diavolo”
had a family—five children! He cer-
tainly didn’t seem to me to fit the role of
fond father.

In the midst of preparations for trial
I kept wondering about the unexplained
fate of Santo Orlando, remembering
vividly the lifeless form in the bedraggled
dress and recalling my astonishment at,

finding the man’s features under the wet :

and formless woman’s hat. I took Er-

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squad car at fifty miles an hour. After rico and Viana into a corner of the lockup W Robin Hood House, 2 W. 13th St., N. Y.
parking the car we went to the dingy at Hudson avenue and demanded the ff Send me your amazing package of booklets and illus-
store front at No. 218. Curtains behind truth. 1 trated brochures FREE. 4504
dirty windows hid the interior. “T tell you,” Viana said. “Orlando was BD atesyen np comewextasua Aad. «+s
We went in with hands on guns and my friend. Sam Cardinella wanted ne | eee
saw a counter with tobacco and candy, and Crapo and Errico and Campioni to £ AddPESS coc cece eee c cece eee eeesecsseeeeeres
THANK You For MENTIONING STARTLING DETECTIVE ADVENTURES 63


SRI A, eS ARIE. ctl das ER

HOW | JUDGE
CHAMPIONSHIP
FIGHTS

General John V. Clinnin, former
president of the National Boxing
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of the point system used in scoring

big fights.

ALSO

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ee ee ee PRC Ses SM RR

do the job at the saloon. He picked Or-
lando to drive the car. Santo was a fast
driver. Sam sent word to Orlando to
come to the poolroom that day with his
car, and to change the license plates be-
fore going to the saloon.

“After the stickup we went back to the
poolroom and gave the money to Sam.
He said to come back later and he would
give us some. But Sam looked .at the
car: and saw that Orlando still had his
own plates on the car. Sam got mad and
cursed Orlando.

“The next day Sam got worried about
it. He sent for Orlando. He made him
put on woman’s clothes in the poolroom
and then had him get ready to go out
of town. Sam said the coppers would
get wise because of the license plates.
Sam gave Orlando $300 for his split of
the saloon money, and said they’d drive
to Joliet and then Orlando could take
a train and stay out of town for a while.

“A fellow they call ‘Cat-Eye’ got in the
car. Sam drove it, and Orlando sat be-
tween those two on the front seat. I
heard about it afterward from a friend of
‘Cat-Eye’. When they got near Lemont
Sam stopped the car and talked with
‘Cat-Eye.’ Orlando didn’t know what was
going to happen.

“*Cat-Eye’ had a gun. He put it
against Orlando’s head and shot all the
bullets. Then Sam frisked Orlando and
took back the $300. He gave $200 to
‘Cat-Eye’ for the killing. They put Or-
lando behind the wheel, dead. Sam
started the car near the canal, and put
it in second gear and got out. It went
into the canal. Another boy had come
out from the poolroom in another car
to pick up Sam and ‘Cat-Eye’ and bring
them back. Sam bragged one day. He
said: ‘Anybody that don’t do what I say
gets what Orlando got.’

“IT was mad. I cried about Santo.
He was my friend. He was a good boy
till I! Diavolo got him into the poolroom
and beat him with the dice.”

Nick Viana’s story was only new testi-
mony of the fact long told in whispers
in the Sicilian quarter—the Devil killed
his own,

The state faced a fight to bring the
gang to the law’s vengeance. Convic-
tion and hanging of Cardinella seemed
difficult, for Illinois at that time had not
taken a man’s life for a crime committed
when he was not at the scene. Crapo,
upon whom the state depended most, sud-
denly repudiated his confession. Then,
when the state found some witnesses to
link the gang to the saloon holdup,
Sansoni broke the mob’s defenses and
pleaded guilty. He received a sentence
of life in prison.

Campioni and Viana were placed on
trial together for first degree murder.
Sansoni testified for the state and there
was a quick verdict of guilty without the
jury’s recommendation of mercy. That
meant death on the gallows for both.

After that development Errico and
Crapo became terrified and pleaded guil-
ty. They received life sentences.

The Menace Of The Gallows

“That man sent us out to stick up
Bowman’s saloon.”

The verdict was “Guilty.” The sen-
tence was death!

Cardinella stood and shouted curses
at the judge and the jurors and the prose-
cutors and his own lawyers. He fought
the bailiffs who dragged him from the
courtroom. While Cardinella was car-
rying out a fight in higher courts to
escape death, Campioni was led out on
the gallows in the old county jail and
died with a noose around his neck.

Then the trap was prepared for Nick
Viana, the one-time choir boy doomed to
die on his nineteenth birthday.

“It isn’t so bad to die when I know
that Sam Cardinella has to die, too,”
Viana said. “But you better hang him
quick, because he sent word that he will
kill my mother, my father and my sisters
because I squawked and because I told
about him,”

As the boy stood on the gallows and
the rope was being placed about his
neck he was asked if he wanted to make
a last statement. He said only:

“T want Sam Cardinella to be hanged.”

After two reprieves and futile legal
fights Cardinella was sentenced to be
hanged on April 15, 1921. On the day
Sheriff Charles W. Peters read the death
warrant to him, Cardinella’s defiance
vanished. His courage fled. He screamed
and threw himself on the floor, and there
wailed and wept.

When the scaffold was ready for the
Devil he couldn’t stand to don the shroud
gown. He couldn’t get up from his cot
in the death cell. He groveled and
moaned, Guards rolled him over and put
the gown on him. They told him to get
up and walk to the scaffold. He tried,
but fell to the floor, limp.

But death was waiting and he could
not avert the rendezvous. Guards lifted
him into a chair and carried him in the
chair to the gallows. The black cap was
forced over his head and the noose was
placed around his thick neck.

Cardinella shuddered then as if fearing
what he might encounter beyond death.
The gallows trap was sprung and the
noose gripped the neck. Chicago’s Crime
Master was dead.

COMING

“SOLVING THE
GRIM SECRET

of the
MURDER FARM”

» » One of the most amazing
fact cases of the year will ap-

AT ALL pear in an early issue of
Newsstands :
RIAL was called for the Devil, and
N Loe a ig Scanlan had Cardi- STARTLING DETECTIVE
hA nella brought into his chambers and
E @) DE R IX asieed him to plead guilty. Cardinella re- ADVENTURES
used.
M CHAN “I'll beat the rope,” he said.
Crapo testified, accusing Cardinella, Watch for It!
AND INVENTIONS pointing him out and saying:
64 THANK You For MENTIONING STARTLING Detective ADVENTURES

Beh'r

his side. Sykes )
pact of the same |
into his hip.

As the deadly
convicts turned or
changed shot for
left rear tire ont
the machine swe:
desperately, conv
wheel, straighten
seemed certain t
bouncing ahead, a
cut to about 30:

We had reac!
Valley Ford, nea:
pened—unable to
gave up the ba
plunged into a d

Out jumped S$
men. From the
Atherton, Sykes
victs ran for a s1
firing indiscrimin

Soon the area
scores of possen
shed from every
crept close to t
Straight stumble
ran for cover ac

Coolly Distri:
raised his gun t
careful aim, he :
caught Straight
dropped, fatally \
in a few hours.

Their leader
eyes, the other

ried for mercy

“Toss out yo
now or we'll bla

They obeyec

gether,

aAAN

a

é

ed

—


ee a ge

still warm. It hadn’t been so very long

since some one had driven Santo Or-

lundo’s ear into the yard. And my guess
it was Orlando himself.

ched his house thoroughly,

outh was nowhere to be found.

ivers of his family asserted that they

had not seen him for days. How about

the car, we asked. Oh, that had been

in the yard for a week. That was their

story.

x A HILE I was questioning the family,
*¥ Sergeant Phil Carroll informed me

that Wendel had just died. Our case had

become one of double murder.

Santo Orlando was the key to the so-
lution of the case, I was certain. To
bring about his capture I used all the
facilities of the police department. Mes-
sages bes: «¢ his description were sent
to the « stations with instructions
that ali Jable men be put on the
hunt for iim. Squads were sent out to
raid his known haunts and pick up youths
who were acquainted with him.

We arrested a number of shady char-
acters in the hours that followed, but
vigorous questioning indicated that none
of them had any part in the saloon mur-
ders or knowledge of Orlando’s where-
abouts.

Directing the hunt from my office that
evening, I was far from dismayed by our

46

ing

dy, in
1 J. Gras olds
Michae eon a the
n
Y 2 vicio proge i“

eanny as to put a fiction writer to shame.

And even as I sat in my office that
evening, the first crimson colors were be-
ing applied to the canvas to make the
strange picture that I was not to see
completed for many a day.

* & &

The youth they called the “Singing
Kid” was always doing something unex-
pected. His mites couldn’t figure him
out; couldn’t understand, for instance,
why he went to church every Sunday and
sang in the choir.

They would have been astounded to
know that right now he was engaged in
the act of thinking.

The “Singing Kid” was thinking seri-
ously as he sat ata circular card table
in the rear room of a dingy pool hall on
Chieago’s South Side. At his left and
right were five other youths. They were
much alike—the six. All of the same
racial stock, they were dark of hair and
eye, coarse-featured, slender, the young-
est but eighteen, the oldest no more than
twenty-two.

Dangling from a cord attached to the
low ceiling, one light bulb hung over the
center of the table. But the “Singing
Kid” didn’t need its rays to depict for

(Above, lett to right) Joseph Costanzo and Frank Campione, two

who were under the evil spell of “II Diavolo.” Both received death
sentences for their crimes

lack of success. I was confident that Or-
lando would not long evade us. And I
was equally certain that once we got
him we would have no trouble in break-
ing him down ‘and getting the names of
his companions in murder,

Tow litte P knew of what Jay ahead!
There was nothing to warn me that the
Jowman-Wendel murder ease was but
the first page ina erime chapter as dra-
matic and sensation | “hicago has
ever known and de » be topped
off with a denouement weird and un-

‘

him the swarthy, glistening moon face
of the man who sat at the head of the
table. He knew all too’ well that evil
countenance,

The man’s eyes. were screwed up
small under half-closed lids. His voice
was soft and calm and deadly.

“That was very bad, Santo. The
cops know your name now.”

The youth addressed was white-lipped.
“T—I meant to change the license plates,
Boss,” he stammered. “I—I just forgot.”

“Forgot!” The thick-set, paunchy

TRUE DETECTIVE MYSTEY


distinctive about the gun-toters. The
descriptions they had given fitted scores
of innocent young men in Chicago’s
Italian districts.

Surely, I thought, the slayers must have
displayed some particular physical char-
acteristics or mannerisms. I decided that
I would give the victims time to regain
their emotional stability and in the morn-
ing go over the affair with them again.

The first witness I interrogated lived not
far from the pool-hall. urged him to
try to recall what one thing, apart from
the actual murder, stood out most promi-
nently in his mind. ‘

His brow wrinkled in thought for a
moment. Finally he laughed‘ in an em-
barrassed manner.

“Tt won't help you. aby because it isn’t
important,” he said, “but the thing that
stayed in my mind is the coolness of one
of the fellows who was held up with us.
Fellow by the name of ‘Tom Errico, He
didn’t blink an eye even after they killed
that poor fellow.”

My heart gave tt leap. ‘To his open-
mouthed amazement 1 promptly thanked
and dismissed Lynch. I turned quickly to
Sergeant Grady, who had also been listen-
ing. His eves were gleaming with a new
and. startling suggestion.

“Are you thinking the same thing I am,
Mike?” I demanded.

H* held up the index finger of his right
hand.
T nodded. “Let’s go.”

Tom Errico had given an address on
62nd Street as his home. When we got
there we learned that he had moved that
morning. Searching his room we came
upon a torn bit of envelope giving an
address in the 2400 block on Wentworth
Avenue, This was the home of one of
Errico’s relatives and we found our man
there.

He was frightened at sight of us and
demanded what our visit was all about.
Making no reply, I approached him and
looked over the vest he was wearing.

In the statement he had made after the
poolroom murder-holdup, Errico had re-
ported the loss of a gold watch and a
silver pen-and-pencil set.

I saw that he was carrying a pen and
pencil and a watch, identical with those
he had reported stolen!

“Peprieo,” L said sternly, “you were the
fingerman on that job. You went in first
and made sure the coast was clear for
your pals. You Jet them rob you to make
the setup look good. After the murder
you met your pals, got your stuff back
and took your share of the loot.”

The dark-cyed youth blanched, but tried
to bluff his way out. “Youre crazy!” he
snarled. “I had a duplicate pen set and
a watch just like the one those crooks
took away from me.”

I shrugged. “Tell it to a jury. You
know, even if we don’t get your pals we
can hang you. You're just as guilty of
murder as if you fired the shots. Maybe
the jury’ll give you @ break if you come
clean and tell us who the actual killers
were. Otherwise it’s the rope for you
sure.”

At my mention of the word “rope,” he
fell back, as if in his mind’s eye he could
see the noose dangling over his head. His
face twitched nervously as_ his thoughts
raced. Suddenly he blurted:

“Yeah—yeah. . . . T was the fingerman.
But I didn’t know they were going to
shoot anybody—honest 1 didn’t. VI tell
you: the guys that did it—Frank Cam-

pione, Tony Sansone and Leonard Crapo.

Campione and Sansone did the shooting.”

Trembling in his eagerness to save his

own skin, he told us that Campione lived

in a two-story frame house at 24th and
Wells Streets and that the other two were

manen, 1941

i)

My man-eating dog is gone torever

i

Unrin a few months ago, the kind to go to their homes to see them.
of dog I loved was the kind who wags One night I tasted an elegant whis-
his tail at everybody.

key at Jim Evans’s place. I asked

Then my friends became a prob- him how he could afford to serve it.

lem. Despite the new, higher price of “You should read the ads;” he

liquor, they kept dropping in on me said. “This whiskey is M & M. It
like flies and saying, “How about a costs less than the whiskey I used
to serve and tastes better.”

arink?” At that time, { didn’t serve

M&M. T thought you had to pay & T agreed. Then T went home and
fortune for good whiskey. And as 1 called the dogeatcher. Next day I
had no fortune, I got me the mean- ordered a case of M & M. Once again

est dog in town. I have fun, friends and drinks. It’s

After he had torn the seat out of a good life, thank you.
seven pairs of pants, my friends
didn’t drop around anymore. T had

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ae ‘
a a UR ete me


o shame.
lice that
were be-
uake the

to see

‘Singing
if unex-
ure him
nstance,
day and

aded_ to
gaged in

ug seri-
cd table
hall on
eft and
yY were
e same
air and
young-
re than

. to the
ver the
Singing
jet for

~~-raseipintinaiamati
ee a ee

man’s voice rose. His eyes widened, his
we Was livid with rage. “You’ll never
forget anything again, you-—~”

‘The object of the fat man’s fury shrank
buck in his chair. The others, save the
“singing Jad,” paled and squirmed un-
eusily in their chairs. The “Singing
Kid's” countenance betrayed nothing,
hut inwardly his thoughts were like
marching soldiers of doom: “He’s going
to kill Santo, He will not let him live
to be captured.”

It suited the purpose of the older man
to assuage their fright. Craftily he
stumped out his rage, as if it were a
dying match. His lips twisted into a
mockery of a smile, baring stained, un-
even teeth. His voice dripped‘kindness.

“DR UT—we will forgive you, Santo. We
will fix it so that you can go away
for a while.”

He put out his thick hand and patted
Santo’s shoulder. A grateful, timid smile
trembled on the youth’s lips.

Inwardly, not daring to move a muscle,
the “Singing Kid” shuddered. That
touch is the touch of death, he told him-
self.

The fat man kept up his pretense of
good humor, “I have been keeping

(Above) ‘The strange behavior of Tom Errico (Jeft) put police on
his trail as the fingerman. (Right) Nick Viana, the “Singing Kid,”
. was said to have been revived after death

trick, boys. @his little job today was
Number 145 for us. Not so bad either

S2,300, No wonder you boys got such
‘ice clothes and so much money to spend
on the girls!”

One hundred and forty-five! The
“Singing Wid” didn’t know. Long ago he
had stopped keeping count. It was all a
wunble in his mind—-holdups, robberies,
~luggings, bluckinail, the torturing of men

nd women for the cash and jewelry
they had concealed in their homes.
‘There had been so many that now a

Maken. Pad

crime was a routine matter, like a job in
a factory turning out bits of machinery.

And he heard the leader say, “Shall we
shoot a little craps now, boys?” The
fat man tried to look paternal. He
chuckled, “The Boss can’t win always,
boys. I] think maybe you will have
good luck this time.”

It was hike a flame in the “Singing
Kid’s” mind, the memory of what the
priest had said a few Sundays back
about the sanctity of human life. “Why
am | robbing and torturing and killing

to fill the purse of that man?” he asked

himself.

“A word before we have our pleasure.”
The fat man’s voice was like the
snap of a whip. “I am going to get
Santo out of town where he will be safe,
but there is one thing 1 want you other
boys to remember. Don’t: let the cops
get you. Shoot them first. Any guy
that lets himself be caught—well, [’ll
see to it that he’s cold and stiff before
the cops have time to start him talkin’!”’

The “Singing Kid” felt an icy hand
clutching his heart. There was the an-
swer to his question. Sitting there at
the head of the table, staring at him evil-
eyed was “Il Diavolo.’” Once you be-
longed to him you didn’t quit. Not if
you wanted to stay alive.

And now again there was’ the chuckle
and the guttural voice asking, “Ready to
try your luck with the dice, my boys?”

Like the others, the “Singing Ixid”
nodded.

* * *

Late in the afternoon of the day fol-
lowing the two murders, with our city-
wide hunt for Orlando and his pals on
at full tempo, Sergeant Patrick Hamil-
ton was called to the telephone in the
office of the stolen automobile detail.

To his amazement, he heard the voice
of Santo Or- (Continued on page 80)

47

> s

ene reitmanane

ithindihttidiee

RT


7 inane natn

ecto

lando, whom he had arrested several times.
The fugitive we wanted so badly was
greatly agitated. He spoke as if the words
were being jerked from his throat:

“T’m scared, Sarge. Listen! If I give
myself up, will you swear to protect me?”

Hamilton played his cards carefully,
fearful lest a wrong word send the youth
flying. “You'll be safe with us, Santo,” he
soothed. “Why don’t you—”

Orlando interrupted bres ly, his
voice pitched high, “But he » he has
the power to kill us even if we're in jail!”

“Who’s that you're talking about,
Santo?” Hamilton asked, puzzled.

“Tl Diavolo.”

“Never heard of him.”

“ANHAT’S Italian,” Orlando said tensely.

“Tt means ‘The Devil.’ He’s the Boss.
He’s been sending us out on jobs—more
than a hundred of: ’em. He framed that
saloon job yesterday. I forgot to change
the license plates and I—I’m afraid he’s
going to kill me for it.”

“Where are you?” the Sergeant asked.
“T’ll come‘out and get you.”

“No—no,” Orlando said hurriedly. “I
can’t be seen with a cop. I'll come to the
Bureau tonight. I’d rather go to jail for
life than—than have ‘II Diavolo’ get me.”

Then, as if he were speaking to himself,
Santo Orlando moaned and muttered un-
intelligibly as he turned away.

Hamilton heard the click of the re-
ceiver on the other end. It was impossible
to trace the call, so the Sergeant hurried
to my office and informed sc of the con-
versation.

When he had finished. | could not. re-
strain a low whistle of surprise and ela-
tion. Santo Orlando’s surrender promised
to pave the way for_a crime cleanup of
major proportions. It would solve not
only the Bowman-Wendel murders, but
also one hundred or more holdups and,

hig! -portant, give us a line on an un-
de: ‘master mind.” Drumming my
f the desk, I wondered who this
n s “I] Diavolo” might be. Ap-
pa he had organized a youthful

crime syndicate and was sending his un
derlings out to rob and plunder on
wholesale scale. The capture of f!
“Fagin” would be a big thing in itself, |
—I looked up quickly at Hamilton.

“Do you think Orlando will kee
word?”

“Pm sure he will,” was the Serge:
reply. “He’s scared to death. He sui
himself that he’d rather be in a cell than
face that bloodthirsty ‘Il Diavolo,’ who-
ever he is.”

Hamilton and I waited at the Bureau
all night long, but Orlando did not put
in an appearance and nothing more was
heard from him. Had he changed his
mind about wanting the security of a cell,
realizing suddenly that he was putting
himself in the shadow of the noose? Or
had the fearsome “II Diavolo” caught up
with him before Orlando could reach the
Bureau? ;

In the morning I met with the captains
commanding the two police districts in
Chicago’s “Little Italy” colonies, on_ the
near North Side and the near South Side.
T asked them to put their best under-
cover men to work in an effort to identify
the character Orlando had called “I! Di-
avolo.” The two officials had never heard
of such a person, but were eager to get at
the job of locating him, one good reason
being that his capture promised to clear
up some unsolved crimes that were on their
blotters.

Three irksome days passed—irksome

80

Devil’s Progeny
(Continued from page 47)

because we were no closer to Orlando and
“I] Diavolo.’ Then Thad a hurried visit
from Sergeant Hamilton. He was beam-
ing with satisfaction.

“Just had a call from some tipster,” the
Sergeant said. “He wouldn’t give me his
name, but he told me that I could find
Orlando at 238 West Division Street. ?’m
going over there right now.” :

Forty-five anxious minutes I waited,
looking up every time the door opened,
expecting to see the Sergeant and his
prisoner, Then the phone jangled and I
heard Hamilton’s voice.

“T found Orlando all right,” he said
grimly. “This is an undertaker’s parlor
and our man is on a slab. Shot three
times in the head!”

Chief of Detectives John W. Norton

“@The Devil got to him first!” T ex-
clamed.

“Yep,” Hamilton said tersely. “I’ve
been talking to his relatives and here’s
what happened. The killers had him dress
in women’s clothing, then they took him
out to the town of Lockport near Joliet,
shot. him and dumped him into the drain-
age canal. The coroner’s jury returned a
routine verdict of death by drowning.
How they could do that. with those bullet
wounds in the head is beyond me, but any-
how somebody notified his relatives that
se was out there and they claimed the
sody. They were just getting ready to

‘vy bim when I got here.”

Might as well come back to the office,

‘”’ T said dismally.

Ve were right back where we had

ted. The lips of our key man had been
dled. All that we had now was the
vague designation “Il Diavolo” for the
gang leader. It was apparent that the
tipster who had called Hamilton was
one of the Devil’s underlings. The ruth-
less bandit, chieftain wanted the news of
Orlando’s, murder to get wide circulation.
He wanted it to serve as a dire warning
to others who might be tempted to
“squeal.” I resolved then and there that
I would not rest until I had topple?
from his throne this fiend who considerc:
himself above all law and order.

The undercover investigation in the “Lit-
tle Italy” colonies disclosed an amazing
situation. The residents, our _ officers
learned, did know of a man called “TI
Diavolo.” They knew he had recruited
a gang of youths and was directing them
in robberies. holdups, shakedowns and the
like. But their fear of him was so great
that all denied they knew his real name or
where he had his headquarters. Obviously
“T] Diavolo” by crafty propaganda had
built, up a superstition that death would
be the fate of any one who betrayed him.

He had built well. So strong was the
wall of fear he had constructed that. all

our efforts through the summer failed: to
shed any light) on Jus identity or bring
into our hands any of‘his followers, Scores
of young hoodlums were picked up, but
none was identified in any of the holdupé
we attributed to “Il Diavolo’s” gang. :

Like every other member of the de-
partment, Detectives James Carlin and
Hugh McNally were pitting all their ener-
gies to the task of rounding up the ter-
rorists. On the evening of October 4th
the detectives were approaching the inter-
section of 2ist Street and Indiana Avenue
when they saw five youths entering a
parked car.

The furtive manner of the five aroused
the officers’ suspicions. Carlin shouted a
command to halt. Apparently obeying,
the youths stopped on the sidewalk and
wiited for the plainelothes men to ap-
proach, ‘The detectives were less than six
feet away when one of the youths whipped
outa revolver and began firing.

Carlin slumped to the sidewalk with a
bullet in his groin. McNally was wounded
in the right leg. Dropping to his knees
he drew his own revolver. A well-directed
shot from the young gunman’s weapon
knocked the revolver from the detective’s
hand. .

The five then leaped into the car and
sped away. A passing motorist took the
wounded officers to the Merey hospital. I
talked to them there. The light had been
poor and the youths had all worn caps
pulled low over their eyes. As a result, the
detectives were not able to furnish a help-
ful description of any of the group.

OWTVIER, we didi’t need deseriptions

to convinces us that the assaikints were
followers of “I] Dinvolo.” Only youths with
something serious to conceal would have
adopted such desperate tactics to svoid
routine questioning. I remembered Santo
Orlando’s fear that) the bandit) chieftain
had the power to kill him even if he were
in police custody. The attack on the de-
tectives showed plainly that the vicious
brigand’s young cohorts would rather take
human life than arouse “Tl Diavolo’s” ire
by being arrested and subjected to ques-
tioning.

On the night of November 15th a group
of men were shooting dice in a poolroom
on 68rd Street. Three swarthy youths
entered, pulled guns and ordered the play-
ers to throw up their hands. Albert Kur-
balanzo, a young neighborhood shopkeeper.
hesitated—hesituted only the fraction of
a second, but his delay was fatal. Two of
the gunmen promptly opened fire. Five
bullets disposed of Kurbalanzo.

Displaying no emotion, the killers lined
the other players against a wall and_re-
lieved them of their cash and valuables.
Before departing, one of the bandits knelt
beside the slain man and cold-bloodedly
went through his pockets, taking a sum
of money and a watch.

I was in another section of the city at
the time, investigating a murder and sui-
cide, and did not reach the scene until
some hours later. I sensed immediately
that the killing was the work of “TI Dia-
volo’s” pupils. The callous manner in
which the bandit had robbed the slain
man bespoke the tutelage of the vicious
crime “brains” whom we had been pur-
suing so long and so unsuccessfully.

Looking over the statements made by
the victims, I read their description of the
slayers: “Young, slender, dark, looked like
Italians.” It was the same sort of descrip-
tion we had received from other victims
of “Il Diavolo’s” crimes. The trouble was
that none of the losers had noted anything

TRUE DETECTIVE MYSTERIES


LAW AND LAWLESSNESS

George Redding then pleaded not guilty to the charge of
being an accessory to murder after the fact and again was
found not guilty. William Redding pleaded guilty to the
lesser charge and was sentenced to one year at the Alton
penitentiary, one week of which he was to serve in solitary
confinement and the rest at hard labor. He was also fined
$1.00 and costs.”

From the confessions and testimony of the accused men
and from their conversations with Bonney, who became a
member of the gang in order to effect the capture of the
murderers, it appears that John Long, Robert Birch and
William Fox were Davenport’s actual attackers. Aaron

Long is generally agreed to have stood outside the house’

as a guard. Theodore Brown — mentioned by John Long,
and again at one point by Birch, as one of the murderers —
was never identified and possibly never existed. The other
men connected with the affair — John Baxter, Grandville
Young and the two Reddings — were involved only in plan-
ning the robbery and helping the others escape or in with-
holding knowledge of the affair.

Before the final court hearings of the Davenport killers,
Rock Island County citizens had become sensitive about the
notoriety their community had undeservedly acquired. Even
the newspaper which had reported the first hanging in great
detail barely mentioned the attempted jailbreak of Baxter
and Birch and a man named Kingsbury, which took place
on Sunday, January 18, 1846." By 1848, the editor of the
paper complained “that the press everywhere ought to pub-
lish no more on this subject.’

‘Two indictments were returned that year aginst Harrison
42. Ibid., 56-92.

43. The Upper Mississippian and Rock-Island Republi an. 2 5
etna tee ae an epublican, Jan. 20, 1846.

540

:
ie
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a
ay
ee
=
a
s
z
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=

O. FRITIOF ANDER

' King and Anthony Butcher on the charge of keeping a gam-

ing house. They pleaded guilty and were fined $5.00 each
and court costs.*°

There is little evidence of other lawlessness before 1850,
although Constable Grover was rebuked by the city council
in 1849 for an unwarranted violation of the swine act.”

The problems of law enforcement in Rock Island were
never serious, but the problems of finding and keeping a
peace officer remained difficult. The town board was so
desperate that it sometimes appointed constables to the office
without even inquiring whether the appointee wished to
serve; few, not unexpectedly, refused. This situation no
doubt led to the creation of the office of city marshal in
1848 or 1849. William S. Morris became Rock. Island’s
first marshal, but his tenure, too, was short, and he was soon
replaced by B. J. Cobb. The duties of the marshal, unfor-
tunately, were no more challenging than those of the con-
stable, though the marshal was nevertheless obliged to give
a bond of $500 for “the faithful performance” of his duties.**
Among these was the requirement that he “visit all groceries,
ball alleys and billiard rooms once a week,” under penalty
of a $2.00 fine; any person or persons preventing the marshal
from so doing was liable to a $5.00 fine.**

In 1849 the town board devoted one entire ordinance to
“swine running at large’; the ordinance declared that pigs
and hogs running at large constituted a public nuisance,
and provided a $1.00 fine for every twenty-four hours that

unpenned swine were permitted to run loose. The city
45. Law Record of the Circuit Court of Rock Island County, Book 3,

PP. 53» 85-
46. Records of the Town of Rock Island, 1845-1852, Book B, May 5, 1849.
47. Ibid., Dec. 1, 1849.
48. Ibid., Jan. 25, 1850.

541


Bes . ’ — = = —
ais Ai ta = am

of his famil

the Colonel to die. But his cries were heard by Picknickers
on the island, who summoned help. Davenport lived long
enough to describe three of his attackers,

The search for the murderers was led by the famed de-

tective Edward Bonney, and by October, five of the men
implicated in the plot h

ad been captured and put in the
county jail.

Before they came to trial
hysteria spread over the town when it was rumored that
the rest of the “robber band” would try to free the im-
prisoned men. Several acts of vandalism added to the gen-
eral unrest, and the city appointed a guard of night watch-
men, with Nathaniel Belcher as Captain.” The city board

also appealed to Governor Thomas F ord for two hundred
stands of muskets with bayonets

request was denied, and, fort
break did not materialize.**

» however, a near

and ball cartridges, but the
unately, the anticipated jail-

Earlier fears that the killers
would be lynched also proved unfounded.

The Rock Island newspaper devoted little Space to the
actual trial, which began October 6, but the court records

29. See George W, Wickstrom, The Town Crier (Rock Island,
27-32; Newton Bateman and Paul Selby, eds., Historical Encyclopedia of
Illinois and History of Rock Island County (Chicago, 1914), I: 724; A History
of the Murder of Colonel George Davenport . . , and an Account of the
Arrest of the Murderers . . , together with the Trial . - + at the October
Term of the Circuit Court of Rock Island County . . , (Galena, 1845).

In 1850 Bonney immortalized the episode in his book Th
Prairics . .

1948),

y and household staff, When he discovered the

nt! Aga inh Bde

Toe on

are ee

ERPS IN ee ied tant AP pe eat ag HRI

2 eee
AEA fall ae

: BB AI i tec tial Nea
. SHB il * Ht Aa

i Sel ily HT ore

v
hart

“Draging [sic] Col. Davenport Up Stairs.”

are extant, as are numerous secondary accounts. Four of the
six men indicted for Davenport’s murder were brought to
court in irons; they were assigned counsel and immediately
entered a plea of not guilty. John Long, Aaron Long, and
Grandville Young asked for a change of venue, which was
denied by Presiding Judge Thomas C. Browne. Young
then sought a separate trial, but this request, too, was turned
down. John Baxter was granted a continuance, but the
judge quickly overruled an attempt to quash the indictment
against him. A qualified Jury was finally sworn in, and on

535


i hua) tA | ij ak yale

October 10 John and Aaron Long and Grandville Young
were found guilty and sentenced to hang on October 29,
some time between ro A.M. and 4 p.m. The court ordered

hee eon,

that the body of John Long be given to Dr. Patrick Gregg, a
i that the body of Aaron Long should go to Dr. Egbert S. 2.

i Barrows and that of Grandville Young to Dr. Reuben Knox.” &
By the day of the hanging, excitement in Rock Island was :

i : high. According to the Upper Mississippian and Republi- &

can, people had begun to throng into town the evening be- 3

4h fore, and by the morning of the twenty-ninth, the streets =
" were so packed that the sheriff found it necessary to have 2 SS rms

them patrolled. At ten o’clock the sheriff and the guards 3 “Torturing Col. Davenport.”
‘ paraded through town to the strains of martial pasts pac: F and Grandville Young were innocent and that he and three
aii paratory to the march from the jail to the gallows, At_ = lothers —- William Fox, Theodore Brown and Robert Birch —
: 12:30 the guard formed at the jail, under orders of Captain 2 were the only guilty ones. Nevertheless, he insisted that he

i Belcher. They stood in a hollow Square composed of over C had not been fairly tried. After John Long finished his ,
cel one hundred thirty men, all well armed. A half hour later, ke talk, the sheriff introduced Aaron Long, who denied having
: 4 the prisoners, well dressed and neat, were brought out of Pa atiyy part in the murder. Grandville Young, when his time

%

the building. John Long, for instance, was wearing “a blue
dress coat and pantaloons, light summer vest, thin boots,
black cravat, and black hat.”

rape

came to speak, appealed to his friends to rescue him. At
3:30 the traps were sprung, and John Long and cand
Young immediately plunged to their deaths. Aaron Long's
rope broke, and he was forced to endure the procedure a
: second time. Even after the first rope had broken, Aaron
| Long still denied any knowledge of the murder. A curious
afterthought of the John Long case is that the jury did not
return a true bill on the murder indictment until after John
Long had been tried and sentenced.”

‘ After John Baxter was granted a continuance in October,
. he was released from jail on a $5,000 bond put up for him

by Edward Bonney (the detective who tracked down John

33. The Upper Mississippian and Rock-Island Republican, Oct. 30, 1845;
~ Law Record of the Circuit Court of Rock Island County, Book 3, pp. 46-58.

536 537

Ss Ae

re Yi

iB adh

The three prisoners marched to the gallows to the tune
of a special dirge which had been written by George ,P.
Abell, a local composer who was also the conductor of the :
band. When the condemned men arrived at the gallows — ‘
which was ten to twelve feet above the ground with a plat-
form where fifteen to twenty spectators could stand — the z
Rev. F. A. Haney introduced John Long to the audience, .
for cach of the three men was to make a public statement
from the gallows. John Long declared that Aaron Long

32. Law Record of the Circuit Court of Rock Island County, Book 2,
PP. 393-467.

ha ie OS on
ht REP AAD a

> fea. ‘ tt, Neg
i atinenta cee tae ee ee ne ee ee ene ee


LAW AND LAWLESSNES§
Long and his confederates) , Joseph
Nathaniel Belcher and Da
men posted $1,000. Baxter w
Rock Island County, found guil
November 18, between 10 a.m
State Supreme Court found a w
the sentence was suspended for

Johnson, Patrick Gregg,
vid Haws. Each of the five bonds-

as soon brought to trial in

ty and sentenced to hang on

and 4 p.m. However, the

rit of error in the case,
retrial,*®

and
In a special term
as placed on the docket by
and a change of venue to
Baxter was tried there in

| to hang, but his sentence
eng *

of the circuit court, the case w

orders of the Supreme Court,

Warren County was granted.
1846, found guilty and sentencec
Was Commuted to life imprisonm
A fifth man named in
Robert Birch, w
Circuit Court in
not guilty.

pe. Birch was granted
al February term of 1846, at
a change of venue to Knox
as placed in jail. He escaped before
tried, but the indictment remained on the Rock

and County docket until the September term of 1849,
when it was stricken with leave to reinstate,”
time the indictments

been caught, were also

a continuance until the speci
which time he was granted
County, where he Ww
he could be
Is]

At the same

against William Fox, who had never

dropped, with the Same reservation.”

ents connected with the D
34. Law Record of the Circuit Court of Rock Is]
55-66.
35. The Upper Mississippian and Rock-
36. Law Record of the Circuit Co

69; The Monmouth Atlas, May 14, 1847; H. F, Kett, pub., Past a
of Rock Island County . . , (Chicago, 1877), 128,

37. Law Record of the Circuit Court of Rock Island County,
Pp. 56-284.
38. Tbid., 284.

538

Four more indictm avenport
and County, Book 3, pp.

Island Republican , Nov.

20, 1845.
urt of Rock Island County,

Book 3, p.

nd Present

Book 3,

“Execution of the Two Longs and Young.”
used his imagination for this picture, as w
because it differs greatly from the eyewitn

er ee
The artist evidently

ell as for the others,
€sS accounts,

case were also brought before the October, 1
circuit court.

845 term of the
These indictments were drawn against Wil-
liam H. and George Grant Redding, one against each man
for being an accessory to murder

before the fact, and an-
other against each for being an accessory to murder after

the fact. Two continuances were granted,” and at the spe-
Cial February, 1846 term, the court ordered that “editors
and publishers of newspapers be prohibited from publishing
the evidence on the trial of this case pending at the present
term or [from] commenting on the sa
mission be given them by the judge or the s

of this circuit.’ When the defend
the court, they

on.

me unless per-
tate’s attorney

ants were brought into
asked permission to be unsh

Their request was denied for purpose
the case was continued until the M

they were found not guilty of the

39. Ibid., 57-65.
40. Tbid., 60.
41. Ibid., 70-89.

ackled from then
S of security, and
ay term, at which time
More serious charge,"

1 SRE a a


INDICTMENT—General Form—One Caant. 1675%—Hlinois Office Supply Company, Ottawa, Iiiaois.

wh BUNT. oO rhe us clr aie = SR
STATE OF ILLINOIS,
La Salle County, fs Of Mi tac Tamrary. out Term of the
La Salle County Circuit Court, in the year of our Lord 19.45....

THE GRAND JURORS, Chosen, selected and sworn, in and for the County of La Salle, in the
name and by the authority of the ‘People of the State of Illinois, upon their oaths ceesthk: That
BS all he nde tad Fred Gerner, John Hauff and Arthur Thieves
late of said County, on to wit: the..... 16th \ viinstosaenaiiea day of..... January  Jogaicati hoe cuaidounge dedislggeaceduagieraaenes in the
year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred ged: LETT RG si sen cansecnesiiertanrivition at and within the
.said County of La Salle,.............. did unlawfully. and feloniousl ys WAU eee |
1tecijnennsGgenea malice .aforethought by shooting, Kill and murder
So iia eh beege Charles... Bundy,...2.numan.being in the Peace of the.
shih lloniiibieaeestoce People..then..and..thers..heing, scquSieiiain bi oe Hirtenip Irieaetdinavexiie onnlnonas

contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity |

\
of the same People of the State of Illinois.

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INDICTMENT —eneral Form—One Count Without Caption, ley ou—-iliinois Giese Supply Company, Oliawa, Littiors.
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AND THE GRAND JURORS aforesaid, chosen, selected and sworn, in and fer the County of La Salle

| _ aforesaid, in the name and by the authority of the People of the State of Illinois, upon their oaths afore-

through the chest, lungs, heart and intestines of one Charles Bundy,

eee en Se eee errr Seer nn rn, Sen ee er eee ne ee

aforesaid, do.say.that. the said Fred Gerner, John Hauff and Arthur

_Thielen,.the..said Charles..Bundy,.in manner and form as aforesaid,

.. by... shooting,...then..and there umlawfully,.mwilfuliy, seloniousty and
..of...their..malice..aforethought,...did. kill.ang Man Ger yee ccceceeececce cesses eeeeeeceeeeee

contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity

of the same People of the State of Illinois.

——
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by

|

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INDICTMENT—General Form—One Count Without Caption, 14750—Illinois Office Supply Company, Ottawa, Illinois.

wae $0 eer eee te ee en eee ea

AND THE GRAND JURORS aforesaid, chosen, selected and sworn, in and for the County of La Salle

aforesaid, in the name and by the authority of the People of the State of Illinois, upon their oaths afore-

_ Pesce of the People, then 2nd there being unlawfully,.feloniously,......

Violently. ang wilfully, each of bis malice. aforethought did. meke Pe iscoea

_exen being then and there armed with ea ¢ ertain. gun, 2a more particular

sui) dese riztion of woiech is..to..the Grand Jurors unknorm,..then.and there.

a
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Soarges with gun powder and divers leaden bullets, each unlavfully,...

ay feloniously, wilfully.andof his individual malice aforethought > id

fnerlies Bundy, and the said Fred Gerner,.Jonn. Baur fend Arthurs 3

m

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elon, witha divers of the leaden bullets aforescsid, out.of the.

cod

. guas..2.foresaid, Gischarged ond shot.off_as oforessid,..seid Chorles....

iy, then and there feloniously, wilfully end of their individual

aries Bundy, then and there with divers of the leaden bullets

un
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id, shot, Gischarged and sent forth out of the gun #foresaid

the said Charles Bundy, a mortal wounc, from which ssid

*

. J00n.. Zentfang Arthur Thielen, the said Charles Bundy in manner and

contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity

of the same People of the State of Illinois.

'

|

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INDICTMENT—General Form—One Count Without Caption. 16750—Illinvis Office Supply Company, Ottawa, Illinois.
a, * SIRES SUS Se I Se SEPA SATE E Te STS wT SEAS RCTS UGE ST SET Ce Say

hae E21 te ne et “a OVW POR TTY Ree Rey RES

oe ees

_ AND THE GRAND JURORS aforesaid, chosen, selected and sworn, in and for the County of La Salle

aforesaid, in the name and by the authority of the People of the State of Illinois, upon their oaths afore-

ae .
said, do further present: That the saide...... eect eceececteceeeeeeeeeeeeeeee wsdl atisi cade pdsktadsdsancadpapectdiaccdleciincees

rbot tecbteeihy den Fred Gerner,.John. Hauff.and Arthur Thelen 0

.

ae in the Peace of the People, then and there being, unlarfully,.

cconssulnialtewcitt reloniousiy,.wilfully.and of. their malice. aforethought.....

a tceeeocests il dic make. an assault, andthe seid Fred Gerner,. John Hanff,.........

7

saiclipstyapionciegd and. where. charged with gun powder and divers leaden bullets...

unlawfully, feloniously, wilfully anc of their malice sfore-

the body of the said Charles Bundy, and the said Fred Gerner,

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contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity

of the same People of the State of Illinois.

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262 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

*

were inflammatory and exceeded the bounds of judicial pro-
priety. Here is part of Ingham’s summation:

Fielden and Parsons have said that they would like to take a black
flag and march up and down the avenues of the city and strike terror to
the hearts of the capitalists. Why did they choose the black flag? The
flag which represents their principles is the flag of the pirate, which now
and always has meant, “No quarter”; a flag that means for men, death;
for childhood, multilation; for women, rape. That was the flag under
which the defendants marched.

Grinnell went even further:

The proof has been submitted; everything has been done for the de-
fense that could be done. Gentlemen, it is time in all conscience that
you did have a judgment; and if you have now prejudice against the de-
fendants under the law as the Court will give it to you, you have a right
to have it. Prejudice! Men, organized assassins, can preach murder in
our city for years; you deliberately hear the proof and then say that you
_ Gentlemen, you stand between the living and

have no prejudice!
Do your. duty

the dead. You stand between law and violated law.
courageously, even if that duty is an unpleasant and severe one.

There has been much criticism of Judge Gary's instruc-
tions to the jury. Practically all the instructions on behalf of
the State were literal copies of instructions that had previously
been given over and over again in murder prosecutions and
had been expressly approved by the Supreme Court. The
special instructions relating to the law of conspiracy were clear
and accurate expressions of the law of Illinois. The Court re
fused to instruct in accordance with the defense theory that
the State was obliged to prove the identity of the bomb thrower,
holding that since several counts of the indictment charged
that the bomb had been thrown by a person unknown, the jury
were at liberty to find from the evidence either that Schnaubelt
threw it or that it was thrown by some unidentified person act
ing in concert with the defendant conspirators.

The jury retired to consider their verdict on August 19—
nearly two months after the trial started. After three hours
deliberation they reached a unanimous verdict finding all the

FRANCIS X. BUSCH 263

“~~ defendants before the Court guilty of murder as charged. On
~ August 20 the penalties of Spies, Schwab, Parsons, Fielden,
Engel, Fischer and Lingg were fixed at death; Neebe was sen-

tenced to fifteen years’ imprisonment in the penitentiary.
~ A motion for a new trial was made in due course and over-

» .-yerdict of the jury. An appeal was promptly taken to the

= Supreme Court of Illinois. In the Supreme Court there was

~an addition to the list of defense counsel—Leonard Swett, one
~ of the ablest and most resourceful lawvers at the Illinois bar.
Captain Black and Messrs. Zeisler and Salomon also appeared
“and argued for the defendants. The State was represented by

¢ See . . . .
== the same counsel as in the lower court, with the addition ot
F ga

— Attorney General George Hunt.

_ = The opinion of the Supreme Court, rendered September

14, 1887 after elaborate written briets and orai arguments,
takes up the first 267 pages of Volume 122 of Ilinois Reports.
After a meticulous and exhaustive review of all the evidence,

~. (1) That all the defendants were associated together,
+ and were dominating members of the International Arbeiter
~ Association. .

= (2) That that association was unlawful, its avowed pur-
© poses being to destroy the constitutional right of individual
property owership, to overthrow the government and to estab-

OPO Mega TM

ony

(3) That the means to accomplish the association's pur-
poses, proposed to be used and used by members of the associa-
tion, contemplated and involved the use of violence to destroy
_ Ptivate property and kill those who wanted to protect it.

— (4) That the riot at the Haymarket on May 4, 1886 oc-
> curred as a planned incident in the general conspiracy of the

oes

Members of the International Arbeiter Association to over-

at Faith Cre HER ON TENON PIERRE

264 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

(5) That each of the defendants had an assigned part,
which he carried out; and the death of Patrolman Degan was
the direct consequence of their concurrent acts.

The opinion carefully reviewed and assembled the evi-
dence as to each defendant, and concluded it was sufficient to
establish, beyond a reasonable doubt, that each defendant was
guilty of a conspiracy to murder, and guilty of the specifically
charged murder of Patrolman Degan.

Answering the heavily stressed point that it was not shown
that any of the defendants had any connection with the throw-
ing of the bomb which had killed the seven policemen, the
Court found:

(1) That Lingg had been selected by his fellow-con-
spirators to manufacture dynamite bombs.

(2) That bombs traced to the possession of Lingg and
Spies were identical with the bomb which had been thrown
and exploded in the Haymarket on May 4.

(3) That there was evidence from which the jury could
properly conclude either that Schnaubelt or some unknown
agent of the conspirators threw the bomb.

(4) That under the law as to the admissibility of evi-
dence under the particular form of the indictment (in the
alternative) the jury could find a verdict of guilty based upon
either finding.

All the specific points raised by the defendants were dealt
with; the Court, with ample citations of supporting authority,
held there had been no prejudicial error in (a) overruling the
motions of certain defendants for separate trials; (b) the dis-
position of challenges for cause in the empaneling of the jury;
(c) the admission of incompetent evidence; or (d) the giving
or refusing instructions.

The seven justices unanimously concurred in the opinion,
written by Justice Benjamin D. Magruder, that the judgment
of the Criminal Court of Cook County should be affirmed.

FRANCIS X. BUSCH 265

:

The decision of the high court was hailed far and wide as
savictory for law and order and as a just disposition of the case.
There were, however, dissenting voices. Few if any disputed
he evidence that the defendants were anarchists, bent on de-
-stroying private property and overthrowing the government
“by violent means; but theré was criticism of the verdict and
udgment on the grounds that the defendants had not had a
fait trial. Some held that in the absence of positive proof as
to who threw the bomb, and that the thrower was an agent of
the defendants, the defendants were entitled to an acquittal
m the charge of murder. The best answer to this, it seems to
me, is found in the bench statement of Justice John H. Mulkey
at the time the opinion was delivered. This is his statement.
quoted at the conclusion of the formal opinion:

OT Vig. RRA PRCA oe

~. Not intending to file a separate opinion, as I should have done iad
ealth permitted, I desire to avail myself of this occasion to sav from the
ench, that while I concur in the conclusion reached, and also in the gen-
€ral view presented in the opinion filed, I do not wish to be understood as
Aolding that the record is free from error, for I do not think it is. [am
fhevertheless of the opinion that none of the errors complained of are of
SO serious a character as to require a reversal of the judgment. In view of
: the number of defendants on trial, the great length of time it was in progress,
the vast amount of testimony offered and passed upon by the court, and
the almost numberless rulings the court was required to make, the wonder
+ with me is that the errors were not more numerous and more serious than
they are. In short, after having carefully examined the record, and having
given all the questions arising upon it my very best thought, with an
fatnest and conscientious desire to faithfully discharge my whole duty,
tam fully satisfied that the conclusion reacned vindicates the law, does
Complete justice between the prisoners and the State, and that it is fully
warranted by the law and the evidence. .

~» There remained one last legal recourse—an application
to the Supreme Court of the United States for a writ of error
-teview the decision of the Illinois Supreme Court. The
ayers, recruited to aid Saloman and Black for this task.
ough all able men, were a strange collection: John Randolph


266 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

*

Tucker, who had served as Attorney General of Virginia dur-
ing the Confederacy; Roger A. Pryor, ex-Contederate brigadier
general; and General Benjamin F. Butler, the Yankee firebrand
who had won the undying hatred of the South by his tyrannical
administration of the conquered city of New Orleans. State’s
Attorney Grinnell and Attorney General Hunt appeared for
the State of Illinois. The petition was promptly heard by the
full court. The arguments lasted three days. The issue before
the Supreme Court was a narrow one: Was there a federal
constitutional question involved?

The defense, handicapped by a trial court record made
by other lawyers who clearly had not apprehended a possible
appeal to the United States Supreme Court, made the most of
a weak situation. They contended there had been a violation
of four amendments: the Fourth, in that some of the evidence
against some of the detendants had been obtained by an tilegal
search without warrant; the Fifth, in that Spies had been com-
pelled to give evidence against himself; the Sixth, in that be-
cause of a failure by the trial court to recognize proper chal-
lenges of jurors for cause the defendants had been deprived
of a trial by an impartial jury; and the Fourteenth, in that be-
cause of the foregoing, the defendants were about to be de-
prived of their lives and liberties without due process of law.

The Supreme Court made short work of the claims that
the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments had been violated.
Adhering to a long line of established precedents, it held that
those admendments were limitations upon the federal govern-
ment and applied only to prosecutions in the federal and not
in the state courts. {n connection with the claim that the Four-
teenth Amendment (violation of due process) had been in-
fringed, the Court considered a number of specific points.
The first of these was the contention that the trial court had
improperly overruled the defense’s challenge of a large num-
ber of jurors for cause. The Court examined the record as to
only two jurors, because all the others challenged for cause

FRANCIS X. BUSCH 267

had been eliminated from the jury by peremptory challenges:
but when the challenges for cause as to these last two were
denied, the defense, having exhausted its 160 peremptories.
was obliged to accept them, and they served on the jurv. Each
sof them—T. E. Denker and H. T. Santord—had said in his
__ voir dire examination under oath that he had formed an opin-
~ ton of the guilt of the defendants from what he had read in
_. the newspapers, that he still held that opinion and would carrv

te

ae

it with him into the jury box; however, in response to subse-
‘> quent questions by the state’s attorney and the judge, both said |
= they believed they could set aside that opinion and decide the
=case solely on the evidence as it came from the witnesses, and
ane instructions on the law as they came to them trom the Court.
+ These answers brought the jurors strictly within the Illinois
* statute, and for that reason the challenges for cause were over-
» tuled by the trial court. The defendants’ lawyers contended
before the Supreme Court that the examination of these jurors,
~ taken in its entirety, showed that the defendants had been com-
= pelled to accept jurors who had already prejudged the case.
=and a jury which included such men constituted a lack of the

ss cc C ”
~-“due process of law” guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amend-

eR ENNIO CARR RACOI NIORS | MMIMEP NM me

AOR pene EN IIe

rig

ont ani

_ the states. The Supreme Court, however, ruled that on the
| “whole record it was “unhesitatingly of the opinion’’ that the

i : “defendants had not been deprived of a trial by a fair and im-

The claim that Spies had been compelled to give evidence

= against himself was based on the allegation that he had been
= Subjected to improper and prejudicial cross-examination. He

ve been gross error for the prosecution to have referred to
agihe fact that he had not. Having taken the stand, however. he
was legally subject to cross-examination, the same as any other
witness. The cross-examination was searching and exhaustive,

© pe, MRE august PION MN APNE NR Ap ppg” 8 Se
‘ Ay xt Rs
Wt


268 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

¥

but the Supreme Court held that the determination of the local
courts as to what was and what was not proper cross-examina-
tion was a matter of local law, not subject to review by a fed-
eral court.

The point that a letter incriminating one of the defend-
ants had been obtained by illegal search without warrant was
shortly disposed of on the ground that such a contention, to
have validity, must first have been raised in the triai court.
No such point was there made. Similarly the final and rather
diaphanous point that Sptes, a German citizen, and Fielden,
a British subject, were entitled to special procedural treatment
by virtue of the United States’ treaties with Germany and
Great Britain, not having been raised in the trial court, could
not be considered by the Supreme Court on appeal.

None of the points presenting a federal constitutional
question, the petition tor writ of error was denied by a un-
animous Court. This decision of the Supreme Court on every
question was supported by a long line of unquestioned prece-
dents. The core of the whole matter was the maintenance of
the fundamental theory of the supremacy of state law in mat-
ters of local concern, and that the decision of the highest court
of a sovereign state could not be overridden by a federal court
unless it clearly appeared that the result of such decision had
been to deprive a person of his life, liberty or property with-
out due process of law. Even the sharpest critics of the ulti-
mate consequences of the Spies trial have never questioned the
soundness of the decision of the Supreme Court of the United
States in refusing to review the case.

Now only one hope was left—a petition for executive
clemency. Governor Richard J. Oglesby was literally deluged
with petitions that the sentences be commuted to terms of 1m-
prisonment; few suggested pardons. The petitions came from
all sorts of people in all walks of life—from leaders in com-
merce, labor, literature and the arts. There were also many
voices loud in protest against any interference with the sen-

FRANCIS X. BUSCH 269
~~ tences, with letters by the thousands from men and women of
- = equal prominence.
Z * On November 10, while an excited public was awaiting
_ the Governor's decision, a bomb similar to the one which had
_ been thrown in Haymarket Square was smuggled into Lingg’s
cell. He exploded it and blew his head off. A few hours later
Oglesby commuted the sentences of Fielden and Schwab to
life imprisonment, but rejected the pleas on behalf of Spies.
Parsons, Fischer and Engel, who were executed in the earir
morning of November 11, 1887. |
Fielden, Schwab and Neebe served five years. In Novem-
- ber, 1892 John P. Altgeld, a former judge of the Circuit Court
~ of Cook County, was elected governor. One of his first official
se acts was to announce his intention of reviewing the record of
+ their trial. “It I decide they were innocent,” declared Altgeld,

=< GK

Sp

3 I will pardon them, no matter what happens to my
_career.”” His eighteen-thousand-word message was a thorough
“teview of the evidence, couched in language of unrestrained
~ passion. He declared the eight defendants had been “rail.
= toaded”; the jury which tried them had been “packed”; their
— constitutional rights had been violated, improper evidence ad-
. - mitted, erroneous instructions given and Proper ones refused,
~ and that Judge Gary had conducted the trial “with a malicious
+ ferocity unparalleled in history.’ Altgeld granted all

| ae three prisoners an immediate and unconditional pardon. His
| =e fear of the effect of his act on his career was justified. He was
as beaten when he ran for re-election, never again sought public
' “=. Office, and died a frustrated and broken man.

» The trial of the anarchists has continued a subject of active
_ dispute up to the present. There are those who see in the execu-

~ tion of Spies and his companions a trial by alleged judicial

Aq 28 ree CHAI NDE YI

~ Process which was in fact a lynching of innocent men under

: * the forms of law, but controlled by a whipped-up, fysterical
public opinion. On the other hand, there are those who feel
that even if Spies or some one of his co-defendants did not


ie ES *

CARDINELLA, CONSTANZO & FERRERS, hanged Chicago April 15, 1921

L DIAVOLO, the master criminal, was behind ‘the
7 double murder. Nobody doubted that. The bodies’ .

of his two latest victims were not yet cold when
the word was spreading through the dark streets of the
Chicago district he dominated. fe

“The Devil has struck again,” ran the whisper. “Two
opposed him and they are dead. The Devil. . Av

That night when patrolmen tramped their beats they
found the streets deserted. It was always this way im-
mediately after the sinister power of the mysterious
El Diavolo had been felt. No children played in the
gutters, no old men sat in doorways, no youths loitered
beneath the yellow street lamps.

The patrolmen and the flying squadrons of detectives
were thwarted. There was nobody to question. None
ventured abroad, for to be arrested at such a time, to
be questioned by the police, might mean death, even
though one maintained silence in the detectives’ squad
room. El Diavolo murdered those who talked; merely
to be seen in the hands of the law meant swift and ter-
rible retribution. His gunmien seemed to be everywhere.

This time it had been a saloon holdup. Saloon holdups
were not uncommon in Chicago back in those days in .
1919. The thing that stamped this job unmistakably
as the work of El Diavolo’s men was the wanton murder
of the proprietor and a customer.

Late in the afternoon of June 24, 1919, Andrew P.
Bowman was behind the bar at 447 West Twenty-second
Street on the near southwest side of Chicago. It was a
sleepy June day; a little later the men from the nearby
manufacturing plants would stop in to cash their checks
and have a beer on the way home, but just now an
electrician, Benjamin J. Wendle, was the only customer.

Bowman was leaning across the bar, talking, when six
swarthy young toughs came in. All had guns. They
planted themselves expertly about the tavern, covering
every angle. At the same time one of them said coolly,
“You have a lot of money here. Hand it over!”

The whole thing only took a couple of seconds; it was
a smooth professional operation. oe

Startled, Bowman and Wendle turned simultaneously
to stare at the man who had spoken.

The slight movement cost them their lives. The six
guns crashed almost as one and Bowman and Wendle
slumped to the floor, their blood reddening the sawdust.
The gunmen found the cache of $2,300 and scooped it up.
A passerby who saw the killers come out of the saloon
remembered that they seemed unhurried and unruffled.
Murder was nothing new to the men of El Diavolo.

The getaway was clean, the detectives who rushed to
the scene discovered. But there was one break; the
passerby had jotted down the license number of the get-
away car. And not being a resident of the terrified
neighborhood, he had not hesitated to turn it over to
detectives. :

Investigators wondered if they were at last on The
Devil’s trail. The plates might be stolen. Yet fora
matter of hours their hopes were high. Always before,
after The Devil struck they had had no lead to work
on and had been forced to the futile expedient of send-
ing raiding squads blind through Little Italy in the for-
lorn hope of locating suspects. Now they had their first
real clue, a license number.

They traced it quickly to Santo Orlando. - Auto bureau
records showed that he lived at 1023 Larrabee Street in
the heart of Little Italy, only a few blocks from Death
Corner where many of the Black Hand’s victims had
been shot down in former years. :

Better still, police records showed that Orlando was
known as a stickup man.

“Pick him up,” ordered Lieutenant John Norton, one
of the detective aces assigned to the case. But when
officers got to Orlando’s home they found ‘that he had
disappeared, and so had his car.

Where had he gone? Police began by questioning : :
neighbors. But by now nearly everybody in the terror- at a :
ridden neighborhood had gone into hiding. The few The Devil moved fast, his pudgy

who remained only shook their heads and muttered, “I hand coming up with a gun. But

don’t know.” oe the detectives were even faster.

Pe Orlando became the most sought quarry in Chicago, . : one (Photo specialiy posed by protussional
: ef ig) ; : nicdeis.)

FRONT PAGE DETECTIVE, August, 1944


where Kubalanza had
ion of the bandits was
furnished by the other
t for the faintest clue

ou’re not very excited
2 thing,” Lieutenant

1, “Excitement won’t

‘ognize any of the

m before?”

1estions showed that

‘egular job, the de-

u’d better come down

o the station Errico
sers covertly, his dark
“What do you want
detectives didn’t an-
im worry.

s they asked him
| lost in the robbery.
ost a watch and his
-ched him and found
cket.

vere carrying two
u always carry an

ne that was stolen.”
anced at their notes,
first questioned the
’s not the way you
rst time.”

and they knew they
n.

ame faster until at
iis hands and stared
. He was trembling

chim. “You fingered
? You cased it and
Tho were your pals?
ice to miss the gal-
» your accomplices

‘at him and _ sud-
. He confessed that
en the inside man

co

a

t

on the stickup. He added that the three.
holdup men had been Frank Campione, »

Nicholas. Viana, and Tony Sansone.
“Are they the men of El ‘Diavolo?”

. But Errico shuddered and was mute.
» The very sound of The Devil’s name.

sealed his lips.
Raiding squads made quick forays

'.and picked up Campione, .Viana and
' Sansone. The customers in the barber

shop identified them. Confronted with

this evidence, they confessed.’

But that was only the beginning; the

detectives, sure they had the murder

mob on the run, demanded to know
the identity of El Diavolo. |
The four suspects’ became silent.

_ Nothing could induce them to open

their mouths. Surely no man ever had
held greater power over the lives of
his followers. :

The detectives abandoned that line

‘of questioning and demanded to know
who else was in the robber-murder "

gang. They dragged the . information

Lieutenant John Norton didn't
hesitate to arrest a suspect.

out in bits—a nickname here, an ad-
dress there; sometimes a full name, a
street corner where a man loitered, a
description.

Headquarters .was roaring with ac-
tivity. In little rooms each of the sus-
pects was being interrogated separately.
Squads rushed out to run down clues

_. that poured from the questioning rooms.

They hurried back with additional sus-

‘pects or with a laconic, “It was a

phony—brace him again.”
Makes False Confession

All day and far into'the night the

work went on. Officers became red-
eyed with exhaustion. Scores of men
were picked up and questioned. In
the end the officers hung onto four
other young men in addition to the
quartet they already had in custody.
The new ones were Joe Constanzo, Sam
Ferrara, Leonard Crapo, and: Antonio
Lopez. _-
- Somehow, the detectives did not be-
lieve that any. of them was El Diavolo.
And none of them would say a.word
about The Devil—until one said un-
smilingly, “I am El Diavolo.”

‘

Andrew Bowman and a cus-
tomer were shot together.

The astonished investigators knew
that he was lying. So great was The
Devil’s power that one of his men
would try to take the blame for all of

El Diavolo’s misdeeds.

There was nothing to do but start
building a case against Constanzo Fer-
rara, Crapo, and Lopez.

.

Their pals already arrested said that

‘Constanzo, Ferrara, and Lopez had

been the three men who had killed
Varchetto in the delicatessen on For-
quer Street. Quickly the officers looked
up the records on. that case and got
the eyewitnesses together. They iden-
tified the three gunmen, who then con-
fessed.

“Who put you up to it?” demanded
the grim detectives. There was no
answer.

“El Diavolo?”

Again no answer. The officers
shrugged and got busy investigating
Crapo. They noted that his descrip-
tion matched that of one of the gun-

~ men who had

murdered

Bowman and

Wendle in the

saloon in June,

when Orlan-
do’s car had
been used.

So the de-
tectives sought
a link between
Crapo and the
slain Orlando.

. They back-
checked _ their
investiga-
tion of Orlando,
made at. the
time his shot-
up body had
been found in
the drainage
canal. They
went back to
the saloon
where they had
located the

men who had overheard the argument
between Orlando and Gibbia, the argu-
ment in which Orlando had complained
about having to turn his loot over to

El Diavolo. . .

1In this saloon now the investigators
discovered that Crapo too had been
seen. with Orlando and with Gibbia.
Like them, he occasionally had shown
up with a roll of money. And one
of these occasions had been the eve-
ning of the holdup in which Bowman
and Wendle had died. Crapo had been
with Orlando that night.

It was only a ivuse thread in the
tight-woven fabric of crime but the
detectives seized it. They asked Crapo
for his alibi for that night—not for
the time of the murder as they knew
that would be. faked—and he said he
had been out on the south side.

When they confronted him with men
who had. seen him in the saloon, he
cracked and confessed he had been
one of the six gunmen who killed Bow-
man and Wendle. But he refused to
namé the other five and he was silent
when they asked him the identity of
El Diavolo. ;

“Our only chance,” Norton and his
men agreed, “is to hunt The Devil
independent of the suspects.”

There was only one way to do it.
That was to find the common link which
bound together all of the men in
custody.

The officers now had under arrest
eight suspects who admitted various
crimes which they believed were in-
spired by El Diavolo. He was the link
between them, obviously. But might
there not be another bond? And
might not this, if discovered, lead to
The Devil?

To find the connection the officers
began an investigation of the life and
affairs of each of the eight men in
custody. Who were their friends?
Where did they gather? Where did
they go for amusement?. Did they all
do one thing—for example, did each of
them, at some time or another, make
a trip to the same distant city?

It was a difficult task. But Lieutenant
Norton felt that it was the only way
the detectives could draw aside the
mask that hid the evil features of El
Diavolo.

Determinedly they went at it. They
tried to break down the life of each
suspect day by day, almost hour by
hour, seeking the one common de-
nominator among them.

Several times they thought they had
it. Once, comparing notes, they dis-
covered that five of the eight men had
known one girl. But the other three
had not known her at all. No, she was
not the link, The officers dropped her
and began again.

They learned that three of the men,
at various times, had made a trip to
Elgin. But none of the others ever
had been in Elgin and had no connec-
_ there. So that was not the wanted
lead.

_ Other similar angles turned up. None
panned out. The detectives collected
a lengthy dossier on each of the sus-
pects, questioning everybody who ever
had known them and who now could
be found.

Poolroom is Lead

Then they unearthed an interesting
clue. Comparing notes at headquarters,
officers investigating six of the men dis-
covered that they all had gone to the
same poolroom to shoot pool at one
time or another. This place was on
West Twenty-second Street, in the same
general neighborhood where many of
the crimes had occurred.

But what of the other two? So far,
detectives investigating them had not
come across this poolroom. Now they
sought it, dropping everything else. It
was a vital point.

And they learned that their men also
had gone there

Was this the link the officers wanted?
Certainly it was one connection, and
it was the only one so far uncovered.
Whether it would lead to El Diavolo
was another question which the officers
proposed to answer at once.

Working swiftly but with the utmost
secrecy, the detectives combed the
neighborhood of the poolroom. The dark,
ominous-appearing (Con’t on page 50) 7


24

oka

How were the two deaths linked? shaved him. One of the bandits kicked the barber chair where ‘Kubalanza had

Detectives moved into the haunts Kubalanza’s foot and ordered, “Sit up died, his description of the bandits was
of Little Italy, listening to every scrap: and dig for your money.” vaguer than that furnished by the other
of gossip, hoping to pick up informa- Kubalanza struggled to a sitting posi- customers,
tion that would explain the vengeance tion in the barber chair. He reached -

murders, for his hip pocket where he kept his took ico
It came in bits and there wasn’t much wallet, . ,

t : | to me you’re not very excited
of it. But the officers did manage to The three bandits’ guns roared. The about the whole thing,” Lieutenant
learn a few things. A couple of men . tearing slugs nearly knocked Kubalanza_ Norton said, :

in a saloon were talking about ‘the out of the chair; his body jerked spas- Errico shrugged. “Excitement won't
{ i : two of the gunmen help,” he said. :

into the place together, flush with fold- covered the witnesses, the third leaned “Did. you recognize any of the

bandits?
pockets, taking $15 and a “No,”

“Never saw them before?”
“No. ”

argument; Orlando had said he: could ying man’s
not see why they didn’t hang onto the gold watch.
money, why they had to cut with the sap .
boss. Gibbia had defended tte boss— Get Deser iptions When more questions showed that
“He’s the one who made us what we Then he turned to the other ‘cus- ico had no regular job, the de-
are.” The argument had been incon- tomers, collecting their cash and val- ’ tectives said, “You'd better come down
clusive, but Orlando had appeared uables in an efficient, leisurely fashion, to headquarters,”
surly, — we heedless of the Sroans of the dying On the ride to the station Errico
Was the boss El Diavolo? The de-

steelworker on the floor, glanced at the officers covertly, his dark
tectives thought so. None opposed the bandits. The cus-. ‘eyes Snapping. “What do you want
They figured that Orlando, already tomers were all stupefied 5 this un-- with me?” The detectives didn’t an-
complaining about having to turn the exampled brutality, this co d-blooded .,Swer; they let him worry,
ee

Vol

Scarred, bewhiskered El Dia- Frank Campione got death for -
volo dropped from a gallows. a wanton barber shop slaying.

proceeds of banditry over to El Diavolo,. efficiency in crime. Presently the job’ At headquarters they asked . him

ad been murdered for his careless- was done. As quietly as they had again what he had lost in the robbery.
ness in the matter of the license plates entered, the bandits left the barber’ He said he had lost a watch and his
and of being arrested. Probably Gibbia shop. money. They searched him and found

had anied him under orders of El] Police were on the scene within min- a watch in his pocket,
Diavolo.

utes and this time descriptions of the “Funny you were carrying two
But who, then, had murdered Gibbia? bandits were available, All three were watches. Do you always carry an
Did this mean that there was a rift Italian. One had wild bushy hair. An- extra?”

in the ranks of The Devil’s outlaw other wore a choker collar and had a “Yes,” Ses ?

band? Or had the leader himself  fy]] Square face. The third had a “Describe the one that was stolen.”

silenced his hired executioner? crooked mouth. He did. They glanced at their notes,
Robberies continued. Two bombings The stolen ‘jewelry also offered a made when ‘they first questioned the

rocked Little Italy. The terror continued clue. The detectives obtained complete -customers. “That’s not the .way you

all through that long summer of 1919, descriptions of the watches taken from . described it the first time.”

while the officers worked feverishly the customers, Lists. of these were Errieo bit his lip and they knew they

given to the Pawnshop detail, with in- had him'on the run.
John Capoccia’s barber shop at 4420 structions to watch for them with ut- “The questions came faster until at
West Sixty-third Street was crowded most care.’

; ; last he threw up his hands and stared
with more than a Score of customers Would this work? Or did the mob wide-eyed at

at them. He was trembling

on Saturday afternoon. The shop was have So adroit a fence that none of the: with fear. :

a neighborhood hangout where work- watches ever would show up in hock-  —s The: closed in on him. “You fingered

ingmen whiled away their idle time. shops? the job, didn’t you? You cased it and
gunmen entered. “It’s a As detectives

ee questioned customers you fingered it. Who were your pals?
holdup—line up against that wall!” in the barber sh

op, they noted a curi-_jt’s your only chance to miss the gal-

they ordered. ous thing. One of the victims seemed lows—tell us who your accomplices
Startled, the customers moved to much more composed than the others, were.” ge

comply, even nonchalant, : : They hammered at him and sud-

was not only denly Errico broke. He confessed that

he ‘had -indeed been the inside. man

Albert Kubalanza, a steelworker, was He was Tom Errico. He
in the chair, reclining while Capoccia calm,” Although he had been close to

Detectives alert for the faintest clue .
aside.

F/

PO ee ee

7

on the stickup. He ad

oldup men had been

7Nicholas. Viana, and '
© “Are they the men
» But Errico shudder:
"The very sound of 1
© sealed his lips.

~ Raiding squads m:
» and picked up Cam;
) Sansone. The custom
» shop identified them.
' this evidence, they co

But that was only t

» detectives, sure they
"mob on the run, de:
' the identity of El Di
©. The four suspects
\ Nothing could induc

their mouths. Surely
held greater power «
his followers.

The detectives aba
of questioning and de
who else was in th:
gang. They dragged

Lieutenant John Nort
hesitate to arrest a

out in bits—a nicknz
dress there, sometim:
street corner where
description.
Headquarters was
tivity. In little rooms
pects was being interr
Squads rushed out t
that poured from the «
‘They hurried back wi
pects or with a la
phony—brace him ag

Makes False (

All day and far is
work went on. Offi
eyed with exhaustior
were picked up anc
the end the officers
other young men ir
quartet they already
The new ones were J«
Ferrara, Leonard Cr

Ze .
ag sl oy the dete
lieve that any. of the:
And none of them v
about The Devil—w
smilingly, “I am El ]


d fart his pudgy
b with a gun. But

ere even faster,
sed by professional
eis.) ; :

ba

the only link between this latest crime and The Devil.
. Every detective in the area was put on the case.
Officers stormed through Little Italy grabbing scores of
persons and demanding information. All they heard
was, “El Diavolo, he knows.” Impatiently the investi-
gators pounded on. This time they need not heed the
trembling voices of. the frightened residents. This time
they had a definite clue and it brought results.

They grabbed the car and with it Orlando. His face
was white as paper as he faced them. They hurled ques-
aa after question, but sheer terror seemingly sealed his
ips.

. “You're safe here,” Lieutenant Norton said. “El Diavolo
can’t reach inside this station. Who was in it with you?
Who is The Devil?”

But the power of the mysterious master of crime
showed in .Orlando’s constricted throat, in the sweat
beaded on his forehead and in the rigidity of his body.
He spoke not a word.

In the end the detectives were forced to turn him loose.
There had been no eyewitnesses and the passerby who
furnished the license number could not identify Orlando
as one of the murderers.

But Orlando was not released and forgotten. Day
and night a detective shadowed him as, walking like a
man in a daze, he wandered back to the dark hidden
places of the district of tenements and terror, back to
the poolroom and taverns and vacant lots where his old
friends lived.

‘Only now he was like one stricken with the plague.
Men shunned him. Children fled when he approached.
Seeing him coming, acquaintances turned their backs
and strode rapidly away. Nobody spoke to him.

Death and the Devil

Probably Orlando knew he was going to die. He was
a tinto, a tainted one. He had fallen into the hands of
the police. Had he talked? None knew; but it would
have been useless for him to protest that he had main-
tained silence. He had been caught and it was enough.
E] Diavolo, plotting in some secret grotto, knew. Orlando
was doomed.

Orlando’s course as he traveled about the city seeking
companionship became frantic. The detectives trailing
him were hard put to it to keep him in sight. One

“night he eluded them and it was a fatal mistake. - Or-

lando’s body was pulled from. the drainage canal near
Lockport, Ill., the next day. El Diavolo’s vengeance had
struck.

Deputy Police Commissioner John H. Alcock called a
conference that day in headquarters. Facing him were
17 crack detectives of the Chicago force, among them
Lieutenant Norton.

“This reign of terror in the Italian district must stop,”
Alcock said. “We cannot have merchants murdered and
robbed, and learn only that some master-mind called
‘The Devil’ is responsible.”

The detectives waited while the deputy commissioner
rifled through a sheaf of reports. “I think there is a man
in that area known as ‘El Diavolo’,” he went on. “But
remember that he is a man and not a ghost.” He smiled
faintly. “He’s sufficiently afraid of us that he murders
anyone who may have talked—such as Orlando.

“I want you men to work on nothing else until this

leader is caught and his gang broken up. Go out, now,

and hunt The Devil!”
But even while the detectives were outlining their
campaign, El Diavolo’s mob went back into action.

.Antonio Varchetto was slain in a delicatessen at 709

Forquer Street. Several stores owned by men who re-
fused to pay extortion demands were bombed.

Then a relative of a neighborhood resident named
Frank Gibbia picked up the telephone to hear a caller
say, “Orlando is avenged. Frank’s corpse is in Chicago
Heights.”

Terror-stricken, the relative went to the police. Gibbia’s
bullet-riddled body was found on Ridge Line Road a
couple of miles southeast of Chicago Heights. Officers

- inveStigating soon discovered that Gibbia had been an

associate of Orlando. =


BRESETTE, BROWN & CLARK » ELECTROCUTED December Eee

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necbnoe x” Camere treek fex aries /L/Y Sov Athy EN Fo tA


Headlines from the WAUKEGAN DAILY NEWS

Thurs, May 17, 1928, p.1 (cont.)
Fatally shot in farm robbery
Shot when he resists 3 robbers
William Beck, Jr. on farm near Milburn dies of wounds;
mother gagged, beaten; takes bonds

Fri, May 18, p.1
2 confess part in killing of farmer
Indian and Negro tell of murder
3 others sought in death of William Beck, Jr,
Ex-convict fired shot, police in Chicago are told

Sat. May 19, p.1 (cont.)
To ask chair for killers
Capt Smith maps case as police confer on Wm Beck murder

Mon, May 21, p.1 (cont.)
Stolen bonds found near home of murdered farmer

Tues, May 22, p.l
Await pair in killing here today
Clifford Bresette and John Brown to be brought to Waukegan;
held in murder of Wm, Beck, Jr.

Wed. May 23, p.1 (cont, )
Post $1,000 reward for 3 in killing
Place price on 3 sought for murder
County Board acts to award ? for each capture in death of Wm,
Beck, Jr. near Milburn

Thurs, May 24, p.1 (cont.)
Two bound over in Beck killing
2 held for murder are bound over
Dominick Bresette and John Brown held to Grand Jury for Justice Court
Not to plead their guild

Fri. June 8, p.1 (cont,)
To repudiate killing story
John Brown plans to deny confession involving hime in Beck murder

Wed. July 11, p.l
Clark, nabbed suspect, admits part in Beck slaying
Denies he fired shot at victim
Claude Clark, captured in Lougsville, Ky. confesses to his part
in robbery but refutes slaying


A LIBERAL
EDUCATION?

THE POLICE of Dallas, Texas,
hit a criminal jackpot not long ago
when they halted a speeding auto-
mobile. One thing that impressed
them was the driver’s faultless dic-
tion as he apologized for his infrac-
tion of the law. The second thing
they noticed was a bulge in his back
pocket.

From that point on the man’s

nation of one pocket revealed a
.25-caliber automatic. Search of
another yielded a .4l-caliber der-
ringer. The new coupe he was
driving was found to have been
stolen in Detroit, Michigan. Search
of his suitcase disclosed seventy-
two books of blank checks listing a
fictitious insurance firm as payor, a
check protector, various bottles of
colored inks, a blackjack, and a
number of blank bill of sale forms.
To top it all he was identified as
Leroy Nash who was wanted in
Danbury, Connecticut, for shooting
Detective Captain Eugene Melvin.

Sewn into his belt were two hack-
saw blades—‘Just in case,” he ex-
plained.

Nash boasted to Dallas officials
that he had ‘‘more than the equiva-
lent of a college education” as a
result of his studies while in prison
of psychology, salesmanship and
criminology.

“Criminology,” he said ruefully.
“I guess I’ll have to polish up a
little more on that.”

“You'll soon be taking a post
graduate course in prison,” re-
marked Captain Will Fritz, as he
picked up the long distance phone
and told Connecticut officials that
they could come after their prisoner.

——BRrapDForD JAMES.

troubles multiplied rapidly. Exami- °

140 pounds; eyes, blue; hair, light brown;
complexion, fair; build, medium. Occu-
pation: Mechanic. Marks of identifica-
tion: One inch scar above left wrist;
upper teeth out; walks erect; shoulders
straight and broad. If located, notify
Sheriff T. Alex Heise, County Court
House, Columbia, South Carolina.

FRED POOLE is a criminal who is known
to be a. professional safe-cracker, coun-
terfeiter and general thief. He has used
the same method of operation for a num-
ber of years.

Poole goes into a community and puts
up at a lodging house in a fairly decent
neighborhood. Then he loiters near the
cheap cafes and bars in the area. He be-
comes acquainted with young men in
their twenties and entices them into crime
by picturing how they can get rich over-
night if they join him in safe cracking
and other forms of larceny.

He chooses men who have automobiles
and uses these vehicles while casing the
places he plans to rob. The wily criminal
uses the cars while committing the crimes.
Then, if a vehicle is identified, Poole
makes his getaway, and a youthful car-
owner is left “holding the bag.” After a
successful robbery, Poole tells his young
fellow-criminals that he has to go away
on business. Then he disappears with
most of the loot. When he arrives in a
new community, Poole settles down and
begins the same procedure again.

A few years ago, he committed a more
serious crime than safecracking, coun-
terfeiting and leading youths astray.
During a robbery in Richland County,
South Carolina, Fred Poole shot and
killed John Kelley, a citizen of that local-
ity. He disappeared shortly after.

Poole is badly wanted for this crime,
but attempts by the authorities to locate
him have not been successful. Poole is
d erous. He is a heavy drinker and
ten boasts about his achievements.

TONY SANSONE. Murder and Escape.
Reward: Master Detective, $100. Age,
46; height, 5 feet, 9 inches; weight, 140
pounds; eyes, azure blue; hair, dark
brown; complexion, fair. Old photograph.
Marks of identification: 1% inch vertical
scar on left cheek near corner of mouth;
mole over left cheekbone; heavy eye-
brows. If located notify Warden Joseph
E. Ragen, Illinois State Penitentiary,
Joliet, Illinois.

Qn A cool November evening, a number
of years ago, a group of men were
shooting dice in a Chicago, Illinois, pool-
room. Three swarthy youths entered the
establishment, drew guns and ordered
the players to put up their hands.

Albert C. Kubalanza, a young neigh-
borhood shopkeeper, reached for his
handkerchief. Two of the gunmen, sus-
picious, opened fire. Five bullets struck

Kubalanza, killing him instantly.

Displaying no emotion, the killers lined
the other patrons against the wall and re-
lieved them of their cash and valuables.
Before departing, one of the bandits knelt
beside the slain man and cold-bloodedly
went through his pockets, taking a sum of
money and a watch.

The police learned that one of the vic-
tims of the robbery had displayed an

amazing coolness throughout the holdup,
even when Kubalanza was killed. This
seemed extraordinary, and the authori-

ties decided to question him. Shortly
after the robbery, he had reported the
loss of a gold watch and a silver pen-and-
pencil set. The police visited the suspect
and found the “stolen” articles still in his
possession. Under questioning, he ad-
mitted that he had been employed by the
gunmen as “fingerman” for the holdup,
and he disclosed their identities. Frank
Campione, Tony Sansone and Leonard
Crapo were arrested.

Placed in separate cells, the three men
were questioned about the murder. Crapo
was told that the others had named him
as the slayer of the dice player.

Talking rapidly, Crapo admitted he
had participated in the poolroom holdup
and accused Campione and Sansone of
firing the fatal shots. At the same time,
under the barrage of questions, the
frightened youth admitted killing a sa-
loon keeper during a previous holdup.

Campione and Sansone were informed
of Crapo’s statements. Confronted with
this evidence the two gunmen confessed
that they had killed Kubalanza.

Frank Campione received the death
penalty. Tony Sansone and Leonard
Crapo were sentenced to life imprison-
ment.

On May Ist, 1933, Tony Sansone es-
caped from the Prison Farm of the Illinois
State Penitentiary and is still at large.

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TIME

matters are bein
Wilson inform
\l., police that 200
Lord’s Prayer was
from his car. But
hief who stole age
from the steeple o
urch at CONCORD,
repair man before —
ttee and then sub-
id-colored paint for
South Street Chris-
PRINGFIELD, Mo.,
derable dismay that
chimes which it In-
snies had been stolen
st Episcopal Church

like music seem to be
; to such instruments.
of Michael Kostecki
lost his piano to am-
who lowered. it three
> a second-hand store
paltry ten bucks. In
STER, Mass., Mrs.
confidently left her
it hall while she car-
thold articles to her
» she returned home
Musical thieves

3 was shown when
yrted to JEFFER-
police that a set of
is was stolen from his
e a musician from De-
he was held up and

accordion.

ts keep on emphasizing
,ome is his castle, so
sed their standards and
r stealing such castles,
arts. C. W. Brenneisen
ITY, Kan., reported to
+ of two houses, com-

and electric fixtures
Then too we have Fred
\LT LAKE CITY who,
j administer of an €S-
a house placed in his
revisited the pase
.r the house was ‘
sins of KANSAS CITY

ph Marquard. In his gar-
2 und 52 sidewalk blocks
laying for a garage

WILL TALSEY

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

\

ENOUG

By EDWIN BAIRD

In the old Cook County jail at Chi-
cago they were getting ready to
hang Sam Cardinella. And all were
heartily agreed that no man ever
deserved hanging more.

The criminal career of this Car-
dinella was like something out of a
Book of Horrors. He was guilty of
at least a dozen murders and scores
of ruthless robberies.

He didn’t commit these crimes
himself, but, worse still, he taught
others how to commit them. He
operated a sort of crime school in
which he taught the art of murder,
and he had eight “graduates” ready
and willing to do his bidding.

To mention a few of their killings,
any one of which merited the death
penalty:

Andrew. P. Bowman, South Side
saloonist, and his customer, Benja-
min J. Wendle, were shot and in-
stantly killed when they disobeyed
the command of the eight gunmen
to “shell out.”

Albert Kubalanza was likewise
killed in a barber’s chair when he
reached for his wallet instead of
lifting his hands.

Antonio Varchetto went the same
way when he defied the gunmen.

And so it went, night after night

—robbery and murder, over and
over.
This reign of terror had the Chi-
cago police in a hot sweat. Head-
quarters ordered, “Get those gun-
men!” and two officers, Policemen
Hugh McNally and John Carlin,
spotted them engaged in a running
gun battle. Both officers were
killed. The killers escaped.

ly called “Sam”) eInded the police.

At last he, too, was caught—a
snarling, black-bearded monster with
bushy black brows—and sentenced
to die on the gallows.

And now, on Friday morning,
April 15, 1921, he sat in his cell in
the old Cook County jail awaiting
death at the end of a noose. And
that was how he went to the gallows
—seated in a chair. He refused to
rise and join the death march, so
the guards carried him, chair and all.

There was something weird in this
—hanging a man in a chair—but
what followed was far more so.

When the noose was tightened
around his neck he glared defiantly
at those around him, as though he
were saying: ‘‘You will never be able

ROPE

to kill me!”

A moment later he went through
the trap; still seated in his chair.

In the jail yard below, a group
of loyal friends and relatives waited
to claim his body. It was turned over
to them in accord with the law.

They placed the body in a wicker
basket and took it to an ambulance
waiting outside. They worked very
swiftly and they almost ran to the
ambulance. And, even more swiftly, -
the ambulance raced away.

The jail guards, watching this,
wondered why everything was being
done with such slapdash speed. They
‘knew Sam Cardinella was the crafti-
est criminal alive, but now he was
dead, and why should there be such
haste with a dead man?

They recalled that strange look in
Cardinella’s dark eyes when he sat
on the gallows, as if he were defying
them to hang him. Could it be he had
some uncanny secret for cheating
death? It didn’t seem possible. And
yet... '

The guards ran outside. They saw
the racing ambulance swing into an
alley down the street. They hurried
after it. :

And when they jerked the door
open and looked inside they were
filled with utter amazement.

The interior of the ambulance was
like a hospital operating room. Ona
long rubber bag filled with hot water
lay the body of the man they had
just seen hanged. Two doctors and a
nurse were working on the body with
desperate speed. One doctor was ad-

‘ministering hypodermic injections.
The other was using an oxygen tank.
The nurse was helping both.

One of the guards said, “Stay |

where you are, all of you. We're ali
going back to jail”

Back at the jail, they called the |

jail physician. “Better take another
look at this guy, Doc, and see if he’s
really dead.”

The jail physician had already
made one examination of Cardin-
ella’s body and pronounced him
dead. Now he made another—and
pronounced the same thing.

“This man,” he said, “is as dead
as he’ll ever be, and all the doctors
in the world couldn’t bring him to
life again.”

Still, one wonders what might
have happened if those doctors and
the nurse in the ambulance hadn’t
been interrupted.

Anyway, that was the last of Sal-
vatore Cardinella, Chicago’s bloodi-
est terrorist—the Man Who Thought
He Couldn’t Be Hanged. THE END

\
BERNARR mergers LATEST DETECTIVE

MAGAZINE, April, 1947

EDITOR TO READER

This is the fourth issue of Bernarr
Macfadden’s Latest Detective Maga-
zine. I feel it the proper time to
answer one question which has
cropped up repeatedly in the hun-
dreds of letters the first three copies
inspired.

From all over America and Can-
ada have come good wishes and ad-
vice. The latter we will call con-
structive criticism. One thing “con-
structive” was the suggestion that we
print stories “which have not ap-
peared previously in other detective
magazines.”

Boy! How we wish we could put
out a magazine like that!

But it just can’t be done. And
here’s why.

When B.M. decided to publish
this latest magazine, his instructions
were “to make it the best, the most
complete detective magazine on the
market.” This we are trying to do.

To start with, we went out and got
the best writers. Anyone can tell
the story of a murder, but only a
few writers can pack into their stor-
ies the action and suspense that is
essential to good reading.

Next, having lined up our writers,
we had to decide what makes the
best detective story. And we came
to this conclusion: No story is the
best until it is COMPLETE.

By COMPLETE we mean it must
have answered three questions in the
reader’s mind: (1) Who committed
the crime? (2) How was he tracked
down and caught? (3) Has he been
CONVICTED?

The last, we believe, is all impor-
tant. We can’t honestly see how a
case is COMPLETE until the trial
and conviction has transpired.
work you will realize that police

withhold their best evi-
dence until the triel Otherwise it
would be handling the defense an
“eur” on a silver plate. Therefore.
we can’t honestly state the COM-
PLETE case until after the trial.

Trials take time. Often a “con-
fessed” murderer repudiates his con-
fession and another is found guilty.
W ouldn’t we look silly if we went to
press with a so-called solved case and
then had the above happen?

So we print only COMPLETE de-
tective cases. You may find some
duplication of our stories in other
magazines. But you won't find any
cases more COMPLETE in any
other magazine.

And, to give you the best enter-
tainment in detective stories, we feel
the completed cases are worth wait-

ing for. W.#H.T.


burned two years later. A brick addition, attached to the
jail after the fire, was probably used by the jailor as a home.’

Few persons coveted the job of constable since there was
no stated salary and income depended on the fees collected
and on occasional special allowances. Consequently, there
were no less than sixteen town constables in Rock Island
between 1837 and 1848. The minutes of town mectings
indicate the nature of the “allowances” for the peace officers.
On November g, 1840, for example, the town board allowed
the retired constable, John A. Boyer, the sum of $1.00 for
the removal of a nuisance;* several weeks earlier, Constable
David Haws had been allowed $3.00 for unspecified serv-
ices." Two similar allowances are mentioned in later min-
utes of the town board: Constable E. P. Reynolds was
granted $2.00 for the removal of two dead hogs, on October
4, 1842,"° and Constable G. R. Grover was granted $2.50
for the removal of nuisances on August 18, 1849." In addi-

10

tion to these allowances, city peace officers were permitted
to collect various fines for minor offenses of which no record
was kept.”

The laws in Stephenson were few. On December 9, 1837,
the board of trustees decreed that the town’s citizens could
not build indiscriminately wherever they pleased, declaring
that any building erected on the common square or on public
land, or in any strect, alley or road within the town was a
public nuisance. If such buildings were not removed by the
owner upon request, the ordinance stated, they were to be

The Illustrated Souvenir of Rock Island County (Rock Island, 1845), 7.
Records of the Town of Stephenson, 1837-1841, p. 49.

Ibid., 45.

Records of the Town of Rock Island, 1841-1845, p. 151.

Records of the Town of Rock Island, 1845-1852, Book B, Aug. 22,

Ibid., Nov. 16, 1850.

ele ate
My

§h ret gmcheee Yigehy

RE ET SRS ERENT Rk a

removed by the constable, who was to collect for his services
from the owner or owners,"®

Other ordinances of 1837 outlawed horse racing and
gambling within the city limits and established fines against
gambling violators, including the owners of the house, gro-
cery store or shop in which betting took place. Violators
were subject to a fine of $5.00.

The discharge of all firearms, firecrackers, torpedoes or
rockets was punishable by a $5.00 fine unless the action had
been previously approved by the board of trustees. A similar
fine was assessed against anyone who disturbed the peace."
Later the ordinance against disturbing the peace was broad-
ened to forbid hallooing, shouting, bawling, screaming, pro-

fane or obscene language, fighting, dancing, singing, whoop-

ing, quarreling or any other unusual noises or sounds that
might disturb the neighborhood.”

On May 7, 1841, the town board declared that pigs and
hogs running loose were a public nuisance. Unpenned ani-
mals were to be impounded by the constable, and if not
called for within ten days the constable was to sell them at
public auction to pay for their keep and his fee.*® This ordi-
nance raised such a furor among the many townspeople who
owned pigs that it was repealed on December 7, 1843" —
only to be revived five years later, September rr, 1848."*

Two other uncommon “public nuisances” received the
attention of the board in 1841. On June 22 the gunpowder

stored in the Powers warehouse was declared a public nui-

13. Records of the Town of Stephenson, 1837-1841; also Records of the
Town of Rock Island, 1845-1852, Book B, 13.

14. Restated in ibid., 16-17,

15. Ordinances of 1856, City of Rock Island, Art. 4, Sec. 3

16. Records of the Town of Stephenson, 1837-1841, pp. 66-67.

17. Records of the Town of Rock Island, 1841-1845.

18. Records of the Town of Rock Island, 1845-1852, Book B, 40.


RE ae

a a Sera

aR.
hada iA, ie

ee ere
eee

emg

sance, and the constable was instructed to remove it at all
hazards. In the future, gunpowder was to be stored in the
town only with the consent of the board of trustecs.’? On
July 3 all liquor, spirituous or vinous, in quantities over one

pint was designated as a public nuisance when it was sold

without a license; it was also the constable’s duty to enforce
this ordinance.” :

There are few extant records of actual violations of the
law in the city of Rock Island since the constables did not
keep records of the minor crimes for which they retained
the fees and fines. The earliest known lawlessness in the
town was recorded in the Rock Island Banner and Stephen-
son Gazette of February 27, 1840, in the form of a notice,

which reads as follows:

$20 REWARD

Broke away from the custody of the Constable on Saturday of
the 22nd inst., a young man by the name of Angustus Harrington,
charged with stealing eighty dollars in money. He is about 19
years of age, 5 fect 6 or 8 inches high, slim made; fair hair; had
on when he went away, a blue jeans tight bodied coat, and a net
cap. The above reward will be given for his apprehension if de-
livered to me in Stephenson.

WILLIAM Frizzevy
Const.

The year 1840 seems from newspaper reports to have been
the most lawless in the early period of Rock Island’s history.
On April 16 the Banner announced that Meshack Rose had
been arrested and placed in the county jail for selling a horse

* Two wecks later the editor

stolen in Warren County.’
wrote a short editorial entitled “Swindler and Deadbeats,”
in which he warned all readers that Lyster Wallis, J. Ogden,

19. Records of the Town of Stephenson, 1837-1841, p. 100.
20. Ibid., 102-4.
a1. Rock Island Banner & Stephenson Gazette, April 16, 1840.

539

EULER T REM

“ett

BER AEE NOS RMA BEAT RBAT VSR DOSES SNM DA RR er an Nie bea

3

ANB ne

YO. eKRilivi ANVER

S. G. Peoples and Samuel Sutton “had not paid their just
debts to this newspaper.”** Oddly, the editor devoted more

space to the horse thieves, swindlers and deadbeats than he ~

did to Joseph Gerrard, the first murderer in the town of
Stephenson.

Gerrard was charged with killing one Z. Mayhew with
an axe on May 22, 1840. He was brought to trial in Octo-
ber, found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to the state
prison for the term of one year.** The jury did not believe
that sufficient evidence had been presented to warrant a
conviction for murder. Although Gerrard was given a very
light sentence, his lawyer entered an appeal of judgment,
and Gerrard was bound over to the next term on a $10,000
bond. At the opening of the May, 1841 term of the circuit
court, Gerrard won an acquittal on both the manslaughter
and murder charges, and the prosecuting attorney was over-
ruled in his request for a new trial. Before the court ad-
journed, however, the case was reopened, in spite of protests
by the defending attorney. At the next court term, in Octo-
ber, 1841, Gerrard was again found guilty of manslaughter;
he was fined $1.00 and sentenced this time to three years
in the penitentiary.

On the basis of the record, Gerrard appears to have been
tried twice for the same crime. But the original jury, on
finding him guilty of manslaughter, had neglected to lay

"aside the murder indictment, thus leaving that indictment

still open for trial. On the first retrial in which Gerrard
was acquitted of the manslaughter charge, the murder in-
dictment was dismissed without an actual trial. As no

actual indictment had been issued for manslaughter, the

Ibid., April 30, 18.40.
Tbid., Oct. 17, 1840; The Upper Mississippian (Stephenson), Oct. 29,

53!

Oh

SOM, Sa aA MRED tS NeRad


oF 1s

. 2, ie cS . J ¥ A Pag ; + . ‘
Met: MME ae eee # ted hae ei Koad '
Se ee Serene Vee Ar Wenig Soke 2 Oran Ons

O. FRITIOF ANDER

Law and Lawlessness

In Rock Island Prior to 1850

Professor of history at Augustana College, Rock Island,

O. Fritiof Ander is well known for his studies of Scandinavian
emigration to America. His books include The Cultural
Heritage of the Swedish Immigrant, The Building of
Modern Sweden and T. N. Hasselquist. He has long been
an active member of the State Historical Society and was one
of the founders of the Illinois Junior Historian, which has
since become the very popular Illinois History magazine.

A FRONTIER TOWN or pioneer community of more than
a hundred years ago was often associated with Indian raids
and lawlessness, and an old river town with river thugs and
fights, but in the early history of the city of Rock Island, law
and order preceded the organization of local government.
The presence of United States troops at Fort Armstrong —
located opposite the town on an island in the Mississippi —
prevented Indian raids and discouraged river pirates. Fur-
thermore, deputy sheriffs were serving the community before
it had any appreciable number of settlers, since the area
had been a part of other organized counties before Rock
Island County government was set up in 1833. Thus, by
the time the town of Stephenson (later Rock Island) was
founded, Rock Island County government had been estab-
lished for almost five years, and that of the state for almost
twenty.

On October 21, 1837, pioncers of the growing settlement

526

“, Dhet aleiisal Ireiaty Jrecnal

Sa:526- S592

UO. FRITIOF ANDER

gathered at a schoolhouse to organize the town of Stephen-

* son. A week later a board of trustees was formed, with

- Henry Powers as president and H. G. Reynolds as clerk.
2. They were sworn into office by Miles W. Conway, justice

ER,
48

¥

hee

nach Saar alk ean GR pb nated haa ROAR EN eae EE ce ae NEA hs NEMS 9 BED

eee

ys

2

Pot BRD inant

of the peace for Stephenson Township. The board of
Stephenson immediately adopted a few simple laws which
were to be enforced by town constables.

Two days after Stephenson was officially organized, the
board of trustees selected Thomas F. Spencer as the first
constable. He took the oath of office on December 8° and,
although the records are fragmentary, seems to have con-
tinucd in office until John A. Boyer was appointed on Janu-
ary 7, 1840.°

The duties and powers of the constable were varied though
not strenuous, and he was required to give bond “for the

4

faithful discharge of his duties.”* He served as collector of

taxes, fines, forfeitures and penalties, and had power to ar-
rest anyone refusing to pay a fine or assessment and to im-
prison such a person in the county jail for a period not to
exceed twelve hours for every five dollars of the fine.” (On
April 6, 1841, the board of trustees decided to separate the
office of tax collector from that of constable.*) The county
jail had been built by J. W. Spencer in 1836 at the approxi-
mate site of the present courthouse. It was a log building,
two stories high and twenty-two feet square, part of which

1. Records of the Corporation of the Town of Stephenson, Oct. 21, 1837
to May 31, 1841; Records of the Town of Rock Island, April 6, 1841 to
Nov. 2, 1845, p. 1. The town of Rock Island — whose boundaries included
the plat of Stephenson — was chartered by the legislature in 1841. By 1845
population was estimated at 1,500 people, and four years later Rock Island
government was reorganized under a new city charter.

2. Records of the Town of Stephenson, 1837-1841, p. 5.

Ibid., 33.
Ordinance of Dec. 9, 1837, ibid., 9.
Tbid., 11.
Ibid., 54.

FTTI

Tou

*

"cgi *61 zeqo300 uo *s
fuyor pue uotey °DNOT

auedp “ONNOA PUue

»

T

‘pUeTST yoon ye pesuey *seqTuM ‘aTT


way was left clear, because of the irregularities in the first
case, for the prosecuting attorney to demand an indictment
on that charge and a new trial.** Thus ended the town’s
first major crime story.

In the spring of 1841, county residents were warned by
the Upper Mississippian that counterfeit notes were being
passcd in the lower end of the county.** The counterfeiters
were caught during the summer and brought to trial in the
fall term of the circuit court. One of the counterfeiters, a
Samuel Cluse, was found guilty and sentenced to a four-year
prison term. The December 9 Upper Mississippian car-
ried a story on Cluse, who made a full confession of his
activities after he had been sentenced. He gave a detailed
account of all the methods used by his confederates and was
emphatic in warning others not to follow his path, for he
himself was, he said, an example that crime did not Pay.

In 1842 the most serious “crimes” reported in the Rock

Island newspaper were such acts of vandalism as destroying
the town’s shade trees.” On November 7 of that year a
complaint was lodged against Constable Reynolds by Erastus
Babbit, who accused the Constable of throwing stones, clubs
and brickbats into his yard and of breaking the Sabbath.
The town board discussed the charges and decided that
Constable Reynolds had not violated any laws.”

The years of 1843 and 1844 were peaceful ones. Not a
record of lawlessness exists. But on July 17, 1845, the Upper
Mississippian and Rock-Island Republican devoted space
to a short news item which reported that a man by the name

24. Law Record of the Circuit Court of Rock Island County, Book 9,
pp. 61-280.

25. The Upper Mississippian, April 8, 1841.
26. Ibid., June 16, 1842.
27. Records of the Town of Rock Island, 1842-1844, pp. 153-54.

532

$

CARERS tes

’

yay

SN ry sh S99 et Rag eS a a a

wey

agi $ 2

1h

whe
Ser =

“Murderers

of Kingston and his three sons were in jail for stealing
bacon.**

Earlier that summer perhaps the most dramatic episode

in Rock Island’s early legal history took place. On July 4, .

Colonel George Davenport — who had come to Rock Island
in 1816 as sutler for Fort Armstrong — was beaten to death
in his home on the island. Davenport was one of the most
respected citizens of the area, and though none of his mur-
derers was from Rock Island, they were tried there, and the
public came to associate the killers with the town.

The murderers were soon identified as members of a band
of thieves who had been terrorizing six northwestern states.
On the day of the murder they had expected the Davenport
family to attend a July Fourth celebration in Rock Island
and had planned to rob the Colonel’s home during the fam-
ily’s absence. But Davenport did not accompany the rest

28. The Upper Mississippian and Rock-Island Republican, July 17, 1845.

933


THL 3 Wyop “qanvH ‘pear Sea

BS SOS TR
Ui

3tum Sanyzay ‘yep

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vo

‘oaTe ‘g.

ee A NT HRT ICON

GRIM SPECTACLE
WITNESSED BY
GROUP OF 150)

DAILY REPUBLICAN-TIMES, Oftawa, Illinois,
May 10, 1935

SC6L “OL Sew (@TTeéseT) aatt


AND THE GRAND JURORS aforesaid, chosen, selected and sworn, in and for the County of La Salle
aforesaid, in the name and by the authority of the People of the State of Illinois, upon their oaths afore-

said; do further present: That the sate. ...n..c...-.uscset--cicosesactenenstbissters

F Fs

late of said County, on to wit: the........ ABE Gay 8: FR ic dpivetenne in the
year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and....thirty-five... at and within the

said County cf La Salle,...inand..upon..one..Charles..Bundy,..aumen.being...in..the.....
Pesce.of. the. People,...then.and.there..being, .unlavfully,. felonionsly,........

‘
cilfully..and.of.their..individual..malice.aforethought.did maze..an.assenlt ;
|

to wit, revolvers, snot guns, rifles and machine guns, then and there

Pad

‘charged with divers metal bullets unlawfully, feloniously, wilfully and |-

7s

to,..against.and upon the body of the said Charles Bundy end the said |
Fred. Gerner,.John.Hauff.and Arthur Thielen with divers of the netal ar |
pullets..cforesaid,..out.of.the.guns..eforesaid, discharged and. shot off as |
|
as..cforessid, the..said..Charles. Bundy,..then..and.thers..val. EAN fi scndinos Sesecrs |
foloniously,.wilfully.and.of.their.indivicual malice aforsthought, oid. |
strike,..penetrate..and..vound,..giving. to..the.said Cheries. Bundy, then denote
and..there..with..divers..of..the.metal..bullets.aforessid shot, cischarged rns
and seat. forth out of the gums aforesaid, by the said Fred Gerner, John
Havf? end Arthur Thielen in and upon the body of the ssid Charles |
pundy,..2..montal wound from which said mortal wound, the said Charles |
Bundy..diegs..... Ang..the. Grand Jurors aforesaid, on theif oaths aforesaid,
do..say. that.the.said. Fred. Gerner,..John Heuff and Arthur Thielen, the |
snid..Charl es. Buncy,..in.manner.and.form.aforessid, then and there  cllenieseemcaze |
unlayfally,.<£ Loniously,..vilfully..and.of.thein.individual metiee i. !
nforetnowshnt,-GLG-leALL..amd. murder gy... ecccccceseseececccceeiteeeeeeeenneeectanmececccnneseceneesceccensaancennasasseneegasas
|
ncanshuceedqccdpacencscadospehocesneys cbeiieneie Do ccncccccceccccccccccccecccccccnncccccece cocececesec ans seaccceeecsenesecennncsceensecenensecccsemecwar sens ceaseeessenerecenassn seer ee |

contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity |

|
of the same People of the State of Illinois.

2StakescAktorien ay soc fons abd Conny cil A Sang
|

oc

a

—— 7

"WITNESSED .
GROUP OF 150

pete Written by Hauff to
 Wido wof Slain Bank
Cashier.

COR EIN te PEE NON ES. CR.

TRIPLE, EXECUTION
TAKES 19 MINUTES|

BY ART SHINSKE. :

The Siete satisfied its demand’
Of a life for «@ life loday with thei |
@lectrac SO. Gb. Lae. . ner. Want

pericipated 5 a the Killing of Shree
naihegsbiigial Gus wi 4b GL peg & ay
4h exalt cad) yY the - switch” was
Wh Jn 106 O10. sia peniteme
tiary at sole: ony tw expiate ne
POO OF of. LAcras aes " Stave Oana
1@T at the Leonore, 1, Shave Dan ;
ecaume ihe QURTHen who eury Bi.. at,
eng WRICh., preceded. § ae


INDICTMENT—General Form—One Count Without Gap‘ion. 16750-—Illinois Oftice Supply Company, Ottawa, Illinois. :
er LTS acer WSS SS rs re a rere nets. tuner ten cee SE tte st Res! cS - ee |

AND THE GRAND JURORS aforesaid, chosen, selected and sworn, in and for the County of La Salle

aforesaid, in the name and by the authority of the People of the State of Illinois, upon their oaths afore-
y

said, do further present: That the said............................. CE NC SRE Be CA ea raat

late of said County, on to wit: the..L6th ss day Oe ORRERy et eee in the

year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and....... thirty-five oo at and within the

said County of La Salle,......in.and uyon one Charles Bundy, 2 human

OFF ORO EE Tee GCOS CREO OSS TEES TI tH SAIRET ERY TS * FOROS COWEN SN Mawes COSTER ORM aynene Un ePrancnsncandsWeerenbeces nbonneterectcavenvoncereveucteece

being in the neace of the People, then and there being s.Unlenfully,

te¢loniously,..wilftully..ana.vith malice aforethought sic meke sn.

SSscult, and the said Fred Gerner, John Hauff and arthur Thielen,

with gun powder and leaden bullets. which he,.and each of them, the.
said..fred. Gerner,..John. Hauff.and. Arthur. Thie en,..beld.in wis. and each.
or..their hands, he,..and.cach of them, the said.Fred. Gerner,.Jahn OE Ve
Hauif.and Arthur..Thielen,...did.then. and..there..feLloniously,...cLllfully..........

thus, striking said Charles Bundy with Giver leaden bullets thus dis-

churged from the revolvers, shot guns, rifles sn¢ machine EWS »...Aqke 3.

PRES Ts Powe ne B80 THe TS Te eee tet he

_—

she. ands..of the said Fred. Gerner,..John. Hanff and. irthur Thielen,..

inflicting..on.and.in.the body of.bim, the soid Charles Bundy,.. martal |

sounds,...from.xhich..said.mortal wounds, .the.said Charles. Bundy en: eer
CLled...... 4nd..the..Grand” jurors..aforeséid,.on.their..oaths..aforesaic,...do ke Giec
Say.that the said Tred Gerner, John Hauff and Arthur Thielen, the

cee eee CHET Re TTT te Wee ee ewes Soehag WHEnyRT SR OO SET eB G roms chan re HN TEP SE OFEDM Bee buVisbn Sosa ainibanexearenndnaus eppecees sven sacccwacnosUdecesgen sodeoains tbe ielscpheAkE:

contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity

of the same People of the State of Illinois.


256 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

attempts at social and economic reform through the ballot had
failed, it declared; there was only one remedy left—revolution
and force. The association was divided into groups, of which
there were eighty in the United States, located principally in
the large industrial centers. There were at least seven ot these
groups in Chicago, which held meetings regularly in the vati-
ous sections of the city. Schwab, Neebe, Lingg and Seliger
belonged to the North Side group; Engel and Fischer to the
Northwest Side group; Spies, Parsons and Fielden to a so-
called “American” group. The members were known by num-
bers rather than by names.

Certain chosen members of the group were armed with
rifles and drilled regularly under the direction of a former
German army sergeant once a week at their meeting places.
These men were known as the ‘armed sections” of the groups.
The elite corps in these different international groups, known
as the “Lehr und Wehr Verein,” were armed with Springfield
rifles of the latest pattern and drilled once a week. There
were four of these elite companies in Chicago. In the spring
of 1886 there were altogether in the city 3,000 armed anarch-
ists, of whom Parsons wrote: “They were well-armed with
rifles and revolvers and would have dynamite and bombs when
they got readv to use them.” These groups were directed by
an Executive Committee, of which Spies, Schwab and Parsons
were members, which met every two weeks in the Arbevter-
Zeitung building. Meetings of the armed sections were called
by code signals published in the Arbeiter-Zeitung. 4

"A mass of evidence was introduced to show the particular
contribution of each of the defendants to effectuate the avowed
purposes of the [International Arbeiter Association. It was
proved that Engel and Parsons had been active for more than a
vear in the procurement of rifles and pistols; that Spies, Schwab.
Fielden, Parsons, Fischer and Lingg had been engaged in ex-
perimenting with dynamite and making bombs, and that 2
stock of bombs was kept in the offices of the Arbeiter-Zeitung.

FRANCIS X. BUSCH 157

Parsons and Fielden were shown to have personaily partic-
pated in the military drills of the armed section of the “Ameri-
an” group of the Arbeiter Association.

_ There was testimony that on the preceding Thanksgiving
Day, before a meeting in Haymarket Square, Fischer gave to
one Gottfried Waller, a member of the Lehr und Wehr Verein.
a gas-pipe bomb seven or c :ght inches long, saving that it was
to be used in the event of an attack by the police. Waller as
one of the prosecution’s witnesses testitied that he kept the
bomb in his house for two weeks, and then gave it to a fellow-
- member of the Verein who took it out to some woods on the
~ outskirts of Chicago and exploded it. This was trequent prac-
tice on the part of the defendants and other members of the
~ == International, so that they might gain experience in the han-

5

ad

_» dling, lighting and throwing of bombs.

oe
ah

© Lingg had, as previously stated, recently arrived from Ger-
— many. Though only twenty-two years old, he had been active
>~as a Socialist leader in Europe. The evidence established that
~ he had been selected by the International to buy dynamite and
— experiment with it in the manufacture and detonation of vari-
ous types of bombs. Seliger was his principal assistant. Ther
“produced several types of bombs. One tvpe was designated as
“a “Czar” bomb—a crude affair made of two semi-globular

sae *
<

~ Shells, fastened together with a bolt and nut. Some of these
» were found in Lingg’s possession when he was arrested, and
* one was traced to Spies. Fragments of the bomb exploded at
» the Haymarket and removed from the bodies of some of the
victims were identified and offered in evidence. The parts
“corresponded exactly with parts of the Czar bombs in Lingg’s
and Spies’ possession. A chemical analysis of the Lingg and
= ~ Spies bombs showed the same composite of materials—tin,
_~ with traces of antimony and zinc—as did the parts of the bomb-

Seer ITE oom

‘ of May 4 Lingg and Seliger carried a small hand trunk con-

S a
Bs ee
t

Pe

254 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

¥

With Parsons in his place inside the rail, the trial pro-
ceeded. Nine hundred eighty-one talesmen were subjected to
examination: 757 were excused for cause—either they had
formed a Axed and ineradicable opinion of the guilt or in-
nocence of the defendants, of
were opposed to capital punish-
ment, or would not convict on
circumstantial evidence. Of the
remaining 224, the defendants
eliminated 160 by exhausting
their peremptory challenges. |
The State, which also had 160 |
peremptories, used 52 of them.
The detense protested the sweat-
ing of two of the final twelve,
but were compelled to accept #
them, since their challenges for §
cause were overruled and their
peremptories exhausted. This jim
was the first of the alleged errors
of which more was to be heard # 5
in the courts of appeal. WILLIAM P. BLACK (ca. 1890)

The kevnote of the trial was
sounded by Mr. Grinnell in his opening statement:

n, for the first time in the history of our country are people

Gentleme
to make anarchy the rule, and in that attempt

on trial for endeavoring
for ruthlessly and awfully destroy

youngest of us lives this in memory will be the last and only time im our
when such a trial shall take place. It will or will not take place
__ In the light of the 4th of May we now know
that the preachings of Anarchy {by} . . . these defendants hourly and daily
for years, have been sapping our institutions, and that where they have cried
murder, bloodshed, Anarchy and dynamite, they have meant what they said,
and proposed to do what they threatened. ... The firing upon Fort Sumter
was a terrible thing to our country, but it was open warfare. I think ic was
nothing compared with this insidious, infamous plot to ruin our laws and

country
as this case 1s determined. .

ing human life. T hope that while the.

FRANCIS X. BUSCH

: | 255
' = our country secretly and in this cowardly way.
= Everything was ripe with the Anarchists for ruining th
ee : g the town... . There
a 8 one bomb thrown there [Haymarket Square} at least, and
: . ; > af
perhaps more, and that would call the police down; but the police... . were

= be destroyed, absolutely wiped off the earth by bombs in other parts of

2 a defense reserved its opening statement until the close of
: Bp Presecution s case, and the hearing of the evidence com-
=. The State's principal witnesses were Seliger and a num-
, ber of the prisoners’ other associates in the International Xa
; ~ beiter Association and the Arbe:ter-Zeitung police officers.
nd two men, not in any way connected mach ‘the alleged “on:
= spiracy, who had been in the neighborhood and ‘oined the
“crowd out of mere curiosity. One of these—Harry 7 Gil :
= Was badly discredited on cross-examination, and fine see
: a the stand to swear they would not believe him une
= The evidence against all the defendants, with the possibie
= exception ot Neebe, was overwhelming. Dozens SP iaiiae
ae oe advising the manufacture and stocking of dyna-
eS s tor possible use against the police and the militia
| were shown to have been written by Spies, Schwab and Par
: eS A dozen or more witnesses—some co-conspirators Sac
ia o and some disinterested persons—testified to their at-
os ance at meetings held shortly before the riot at which
5 pbies, Schwab, Parsons, Fielden, Engel and Fischer made in
. - ee speeches in which they preached anarchy and oun
} ay es e free use of dynamite to bring it about.
2 ‘, pe ere was a wealth of evidence as to the purposes and
; a ies of the International Arbeiter Association. Its plat-
3 a or declaration of principles was featured regularly in the
arm and the Arbeiter-Z eitung. It urged the destruction of
He present secial order; that all property owned bv individu ls
d all capital be transformed into common property. All nai

wom

ERNE Rage
' ANTRUM rey EHR HH agg YY gS ONGAERHOM en
wr i" ‘ Baa oe,

Ott a Ried hha aL

bas

yar

258 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

*

taining a number of bombs from Seliger’s house, intending to
take it to the headquarters of the North Side group of the
International—a saloon at 58 Clybourn Avenue. On the way
they were met by a fellow-member named Nunsenberg, who
carried it to the headquarters. It was there placed upon the
floor and left open. A number of persons called during the
day, helped themselves to bombs and departed. No one was
able to tell who these people were. Nunsenberg disappeared.
The anonymous features ot this incident highlight a quotation
from the Arveiter-Zeitung:

In the commission of a deed, a comrade who does not live at the
place of the action, that 1s a comrade of some other place, should, if
possibility admits, participate in the action, or, formulated differently, a
revolutionary deed ought to be enacted where one is not known.

The Lehr und Wehr Verein—the elite guard of the In-
ternational—met tn a hall near Haymarket Square the night be-
fore the riot. Copies of Spies’ “Revenge” circular were dis-
tributed and discussed. Engel was the leading spirit at this
meeting; his resolution for a plan of specific action was adopt-
ed. The central feature of this plan was that members of the
armed sections should come to the aid of the striking work-
ingmen if a collision with the police was threatened. A rally-
ing word and signal was agreed on—‘Ruhe,” which in Ger-
man means “rest” or “peace.” The featured publication of that
word in the “‘letter-box” column of the Arbeiter-Zeitun g was to
be the signal for members of the armed section to repair to
specified meeting places described by code in the notice. If
the police attacked the strikers, some of the armed sections
were to respond with shots from their revolvers; other mem-
bers were simultaneously to throw a dynamite bomb in each
of the Chicago police stations. The resulting confusion was
counted upon to disorganize the police, make further violence
easier and permit the revolutionists to escape. The word
“Rube” did appear in the Tuesday morning edition of the
Arbeiter-Zeitung in heavily leaded, emphasized type. Arrange-

FRANCIS X. BUSCH 259

“ments were made at these meetings of the armed sections for

yas

the distribution of thousands of handbills for the giant mass
~-meeting the next evening in Haymarket Square. It was con-
~fidently predicted and expected that at least 25,000 would be
“ptesent. The designated meeting place was less than a block
-and a half from the Desplaines Street police station.

_. There was cumulative evidence as to the gathering ot the
crowd, the calling to order of the mass meeting, the speeches
of Spies, Parsons and Fielden, and the throwing of the bomb.
At was shown that the police captain addressed the crowd in
‘the exact language prescribed by Section 253 of Division I of
the Criminal Code to be used in dispersing an armed or riot-
ous gathering of thirty or more persons: “I command vou in
the name of the People of the State of Illinois to immediately

SAARAAEE 2 cl catia aanaaae eT

~ and peaceably disperse.” According to some of the witnesses.
'~».Fielden replied to this command in clear and emphatic tones,
_ = Weare peaceable.” Immediately the bomb was thrown. The
_ State contended that the word “peaceable” was the equivalent
_of “Ruhe” and the signal for throwing the bomb.

“~s. The prosecution claimed that following the explosion of
© the bomb members of the crowd discharged revolvers into the
crowded ranks of the police. The defense. vigorously denied
~ this, claiming that all the shots came from police revolvers.
“The testimony of disinterested surgeons who had removed
} bullets from the dead and wounded policemen proved that
| 4 they were of definitely different types and calibers from those
, Supplied for the guns of the police. That Spies, Parsons and
~ Fielden participated in and addressed the Haymarket meeting
' Was not disputed. The testimony of several policemen that

el iad hw neece ae

HOR on,

open,

/. ——— S
Sn

= immediately after the bomb was thrown Fielden had a revolver
, 5 ah his hand and fired at the police, however, was vigorously
* disputed by him and other defense witnesses.

, 2 It was proved that during the meeting Schwab, Engel,

ischer and twenty-five or thirty men were in the immediate
eighborhood of the Desplaines Street police station, acting

260 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

*

in a strangely excited manner; and that Seliger and Lingg in
the early part of the evening were close by the North Avenue
police station, and were later seen in company with members
of the Lehr und Wehr Verein near the police station at Web-
ster and Lincoln avenues.

Neebe was proved to be not only a stockholder of the
Arbeiter-Zeitung and active in its management, but also a mem-
ber of the North Side group of the International and a par-
ticipant in the meetings of that group who frequently acted
as presiding officer. He was shown to have been present at
one of the group’s meetings in April at which it was resolved
“not to meet the enemy unarmed on May Ist.” On Monday
night, May 3, he was seen distributing the “Revenge” Cit-
culars which had been printed on the Aub eizee- Zeitung presses.
In the distribution he was said to have made angry utterances
such as ‘It is a shame the police act that way, but maybe the
time comes when it goes the other way—that they {the strikers |
get a chance, too.” He said the dynamite found in the offices
of the Arbe:ter-Zeitung atter the riot was used to clean type.
When his house was searched on May 7 the police found a
red flag, a sword, a breech-loading gun and a .38 Colt revolver,
of which four chambers had been fired and one was loaded.
It was not shown that Neebe was at Haymarket Square or any
of the police stations on the night of May 4.

All the defendants disclaimed any connection with the
throwing of the bomb, any previous knowledge of an intent
to throw it, or any idea as to who had thrown it. Schwab, Engel,
Lingg and Fischer claimed they were not at or near the meet-
ing in Haymarket Square, and were supported by the testt-
mony of their comrades.

Critics of the trial have laid great stress on the State's
failure to prove who actually hurled the bomb, or that it was
thrown by one of the conspirators or their agent. The indict:
ment consisted of a number of counts, some of which charged
that the bomb was thrown by Schnaubelt, indicted as a co-

FRANCIS X. BUSCH 261

~ conspirator; others charged that it was thrown in pursuance ot
— the plan of the conspirators by a person unknown. Several
witnesses placed Schnaubelt in the neighborhood of Hay-
~ market Square during the meeting, and a number of others
“©. present, when shown a photograph of Schnaubelt, identified
him as the man who threw the bomb. Others called by the
State, who saw some man hurl the bomb, were unable to
‘identify Schnaubelt or anyone else as the thrower. All the evi-
-dence introduced by the defense tended to show that Schnau-
‘belt was not in the Haymarket crowd at the time of the riot.
and therefore the bomb was not thrown by him, but by an
unidentified and unknown person with whom none of the
‘indicted men had any connection. The State’s theorv of the
Ea ip law was that the bomb thrower was sufficiently identified when
=~ it was shown by either direct or circumstantial evidence that
': @ hie was a member of the conspiracy, and threw the bomb to
= carry out the conspiracy or further its designs; that his identi-
fication by name or description was unnecessary. The jury
was instructed on this theory, and this became one of the prin-
* cipal claims of error to the Supreme Court of Illinois.

The arguments of contending counsel were passionate
-and at times vitriolic. Captain Black’s principal argument for
“the defense was a flamboyant piece of rhetoric, but whether
" judicious or not is seriously open to question. As one news-
_. Paper commented, it was ‘‘a defense of terrorism, directed more
= is appeasing his clients than persuading the jury.” He thun-
dered:

sch alblahatanaa cee

ATES ama

Jesus, the great socialist of Judea, has preached the socialism taught
py Spies and his other apostles. John Brown and his attack on Harper's
Biecry may be compared to the Socialists’ attack on modern evils. Gentie-
men, the last word for these e eight lives. They are in your hands, with no

n closing only the words of that Divine Socialist:

thers should do to you, do you even so to them.”
eS :

- Grinnell’s and Ingham’s closing arguments for the State

“As ye would that

vy lwo bullet holes in his forehead,
udel rolled in the sawdust in agony,
od, spurting from terrible wounds
t brought death the next day.

Get the dough,” the leader ordered,
ingely calm,

« hoodlum vaulted over the bar
{ kicked the dead body of the
“on keeper aside. He took $2,300
n a money box. A moment later
seven had vanished in a waiting

VAS a member of Chief of De-
ectives John Norton’s newly
anized homicide squad, a new
nkle in police business. Our job
: to solve murders. With Sergeant
2ph McGuire, my partner, I sped
he scene,
aptain Michael Gallery of the Deer-
Street Police met us at the door of
saloon.
Follow me,” he said. “We'll talk
two girls who saw the get-away.
y’re the only witnesses.”
1 the office of the Cuneo-Henne-
cy Company, next door, we inter-
ved Hazel Sullivan and Ann Mil-
office workers. Miss Sullivan
ed excitedly.
We heard what sounded like shots,”
said, “and we looked out the
: window. We saw six or seven
1 come from the saloon. They got
\ car and drove away.”
he license number of the vehicle,
girls said, was 123-182. But they
ld not describe the men.
Te traced the license. It had been
‘ied to Santo Orlando of No. 1023
rabee Street, in the heart of the
ion known as “Little Hell.”
Santo Orlando!” exclaimed Ser-
at Michael Grady. “I know him.
s a bad actor.”
irens screaming, a half dozen
ads raced to the Larrabee Street
ress. The house was surrounded.
icemen smashed their way through
front and rear doors.
cut Orlando could not be found. His
lily said he had not been seen in

Frank Campione

days, However, standing In the yard,
its engine still warm, was his car,
bearing the license number 123-182.

Two days later Orlando was heard
from. He telephoned Sergeant Patrick
Hamilton, chief of the automobile sec-
tion. His voice shaking with fear, the
fugitive whined:

“I’m on the spot! Both the police
and the gang are looking for me. And
I’d sooner take my chance with the
cops!”

“Come into my office and tell me
about it,” Hamilton urged.

“Okay,” said the caller.

a casket, laking a solemn vath lo com-
mit murder!

“We will avenge him!” swore one.

“We will avenge him!" repeated the
others.

“What’s this?” demanded Hamilton,
striding in.

Sullen glares were his answer.

Hamilton looked .into the coffin,
Then he realized why the person who
had telephoned had laughed so ghoul-
ishly. For before him lay Santo Or-
lando,

The undertaker began to close the
casket. .

"The Devil" Feared No Man and
Ruled His Underworld Kingdom with
a Supreme Power That Extended
Even to His Assurance He Would
Return Alive After Being Hanged

They had had some dealings—the
detective and the thief—which had
been satisfactory to both of them.
Several of Orlando’s ex-accomplices
had. gone to prison while he had re-
mained at liberty. So Hamilton

imagined his invitation would be ac-.

cepted.

But days passed and Orlando did not
appear. A week after he had heard
from the fugitive, Sergeant Hamilton
found him. Receiving a tip by tele-
phone that Orlando was at No. 238
West Division Street, the police officer
sped there.

He found it to be the address of
Rocco Brothers, undertakers. Enter-
ing quietly, he peered into the chapel.
A half dozen men were standing about

“We start for the cemetery in five
minutes,” he apologized.

“Oh, no,” said Hamilton. “First, I
want to know how he died.”

Someone handed him a death certifi-
cate. It had been issued by a coroner’s
jury at Lockport, Ulinois, a small town
southwest of Chicago. It stated that
Orlando had died of “drowning or
otherwise”—a routine verdict which
indicated no marks of violence had
been found on the body.

“Poor boy, he must have fallen into
the drainage canal by accident,” a
relative explained. \

Hamilton peered at the head of the
dead man. Then he snorted:

“Drowning or otherwise!’ That
coroner’s jury must have thought this

Antonio Lopez

js April Mool's Day! Tis head's pep-
pered with bullets. Did they think

ple are born with holes in their
neuds?”

Investigation revealed that Orlando’s
body, attired in women’s finery, had
been found in a submerged car in the
drainage canal. He had been killed
shortly after he had telephoned Ham-
ilton, doctors estimated.

Why the coroner’s jury returned the
verdict it did, instead of one of “mur-
der by persons unknown,” we never
did learn. Anyhow, we had no juris-
diction in the matter, since the body
had been found outside Cook County.

“Somehow or other,” said Hamilton,
“the gang learned he was going to
squeal and took him for a ride.”

Orlando’s relatives gave us no help.
They declared they did not know any
of the slain man’s associates and that
they had no idea why he had been
murdered.

“Must have been a mistake,” they
said, blandly. .

But it had not been a mistake. We
knew that; Orlando had been killed
because he was going to talk.

What we didn’t know was that this
was our first brush with The Devil.

Wee passed and the saloon
murders were bigger mysteries
than ever. And then, on the clear,
frosty night of October 4, we got a
lead, a feeble one, to be sure, but bet-
ter than none,

. Sergeants James Carlin and Hugh
McNally, patrolling the eld red-light
district, saw a half-dezen young fel-
lows loitering on the corner of Twen-
ty-First Street and Indiana Avenue.

“They look wrong to me,” said Mc-

ally. “Let’s give ’em a look-see.”

The two officers started toward the
group. With uncanny speed one of the
youths pulled out a revolver.

He shot down the two policemen.
Carlin, wounded in the groin, is still
paralyzed. McNally was not badly
wounded, but a well-directed bullet
had knocked the gun from his hand.

Joseph Costanzo


“Yes,"" replied the officer. “After
ooting this gent down, they calmly
ited the till of $200 and then
wehed all the customers, taking an-
ier $200.”

“And they even frisked the dead
in—took his wallet!” cried a detec-

e.
McGuire whistled and looked at me
tuiringly. We both recognized the
thnique. I.murmured:
“Il Diavolo!”
“They were Italians—the stickup
2?” asked McGuire.
The answer was what we had ex-
cted—“Yes,” said the lieutenant,
veryone agrees on that.”
We questioned the victims. Pale
d shaking, they declared. they had
t recognized any of the holdup men.
structing the district detectives to
xe statements from all of them, we
parted.
‘The Devil’s toll is mounting,” said
ief Norton, grimly. “If we don’t get
; scalp, ours will be taken and we'll
pacing a beat out in the sticks.”
‘Yes, indeed,” said McGuire, grim-
“We must stop the rat. So far we

-leutenant Phil Carroll (above),
vho tells here the capture of one
f Chicago’s most notorious,
bloody gangs

“A family man” was II Diavolo.
At the right are his wife and six
children, who apparently did not
gain by his ill-gotten profits

a ——

Joseph Costanza and Salvatore
Ferrara, above: They followed
Il Diavolo to the gallows but
no one was waiting to speed
their bodies back to life

\

have four murders chalked up against
him—the_ kid in the canal, the two men
in the saloon holdup and _tonight’s
victim.”

“And God only knows how many
other killings!” I exclaimed.

We threw ourselves into a frenzied
hunt for the master of crime, spending
twenty straight hours in the search.
Working with us were Chief Norton,
Sergeants Grady, William Knowles,
Otto Erlanson, William J. Burke and
Patrick Alcock, all members of the
homicide squad. At length, I sug-
gested:

“Twenty-four hours have passed
since the last killing. Let’s go back
and talk to those wilnesses again.
Maybe, after thinking the matter over
all night, one of them might ‘recall
something that will help us.”

“We have no other clew to work on,”
said McGuire, glumly. ‘Come on.”

Accompanied by Sergeant Grady, we
made our way back to the far South-
west Side and started our weary task.

And we found one man who aided
us!

Daniel Lynch, one of those who had
been robbed, shook his head sadly
when we visited him. He said:

“Boys, I’ve told you all I know.”

“Go over your story again,” I urged.
“Something you may regard as unim-
portant might help us.”

uit WAS a horrible spectacle,” Lynch
related, in the course of his recital.
“I was scared stiff, figuring I’d get the
same any moment. Man, oh man, Ill
admit I shivered. But there was one
guy who really showed nerve. He was
the coolest I’ve ever seen. He didn’t
bat an eye when Kurbalanzo was shot
down.”

“Who was he?” I demanded, inter-
ested.

“Tom Errico. He lives down the
street.”

“An Italian?” asked McGuire.

“Yeah,” replied Lynch, “and he said
after——”

Lynch stopped talking suddenly; he
found he was speaking to himself. We
had dashed to our car.

“There’s our lead,” I cried, jubilant-
ly. “Dollars to doughnuts, he was the
finger-man—went in there to make
sure the coast was clear!”

Rushing to Errico’s address we
stormed the building, backed by a half-
dozen squads summoned from head-
quarters. An Irish landlady, fright-
ened by our heavy armament and sud-
den attack, nervously cried:

“He moved. Went yesterday. He
lived here only two weeks. Go away,
or you'll be after giving me a bad
name with the neighbors.”

“Where’s his room?” I demanded.

She led us to a bedroom on an upper
floor. It was in apple-pie order.

“Did you clean up here?” I asked.

“Of course,” she replied acidly.
“What kind of a place do you think
I’m running?”

(Contniued on Page 35)


wuinan suspected of murder passing
down a long line of Marines, peering
MteNTY into ewch fae, Al length
Hattie came to the end of the line.
She said she couldn’t identify any of
the men. 1 began to wonder if Ilattie
hadn't been lying about the two Ma-
rines whom she said had accompanied
Underdown,

My next move was to confront
Hattie with Underdown. We took her
0 the Prosecutor's office and brought
n Underdown,

The woman leaped up at him as if
0 scratch his eyes out. We restrained
ler and she shouted:

“You did it! You killed Bob.”

The tall Texan narrowed his eyes as
‘is gaze locked with that of his mis-
ress,

“You're a liar!” he roared. “You
vanted me to kill your husband! You
now damned well that you hounded
1e for weeks before he came home.
(1

Underdown checked himself. He
alized he was talking too much.
‘hen he closed his mouth and gritted
is teeth, something told me that we
2ver would get anything more out of
m.

Came the day of Bob Evans’ funer-
. As the man’s former buddies low-
ed his flag-draped casket slowly
om sight into a yawning grave, the
tes of a bugle floated gently over
e mild Spring air. I had allowed
ittie to attend the funeral, hoping
at if she were emotionally stirred
e might come clean. As the last
‘tes of the bugle died away, Hattie
inted,

Later in the day, when Hattie had
‘overed from her experience at the
weside, my. secretary, Miss: Yoos,
‘nt to her cell and had a talk with
r. I figured that Hattie needed ‘a
‘man’s sympathy just then,

Miss Yoos told Hattie she felt sorry
‘her, and indeed she did.

‘You know, Hattie,” my secretary
d at the psychological moment,
u_really would feel a lot better if
1 told Mr. Parker the whole truth.”
Tattie looked evenly at Miss Yoos.
‘But I’ve told him’ so many lies,”
: said.

Yes, he knows that. But I have an
a. Why don’t you and Mr. Parker
i myself go over to your cottage and

haps it would be easier for you to
jain to him just what happened
irsday night.”

lattie leaped at the suggestion, ap-

ently anxious to unburden her soul

he easiest manner possible.

1 the little bungalow, Hattie Evans

an to re-live the. fatal night. She

in greater detail of how the illicit

» between her und the young Texas

‘ine flourished in the seclusion of

little house. And then, as the time

roached for the absent husband to
rn to his wife and home, the lover
refused to relinquish either of

n, begging the woman to insist that

ns re-enlist in the Navy so that

t love might run its impassioned

‘se.

4t, said Hattie, she was unwilling

ubmit to this. She wanted her

vand back—he was as good a lover

Inderdown was. She tried to tell

Marine that she could continue to

him “on the side,” Underdown,

fit of jealous rage, decided to take
bull by the horns. He took Hat-
car and, in company with Marine

k, drove to New York and had

« determine exactly when his hus-

'-rival would return to claim his

2 and his wife. ’

ester was here when Bob and

y came in that night,” said Mrs.

‘vertheless I ordered a careful
th. Behind the dresser we found
nvelope addressed to Sam Errico.
address was near Twenty-Fourth
‘t and Wentworth Avenue, the
ping grounds of The Devil.

the head of a caravan of police
I swept across the South Side.
ing the others a few blocks from
Cwenty-Fourth Street address, Ser-
ts McGuire, Grady and I walked

Evans. “We had been in bed together her to name Chappell and Carmichael.

all afternoon and T lonked pretty worn Phat was noted ig,
oul and twas afraid my husband 1 went over to the air station and
would suspect something when I went arrested the two men, T figured that

to the door to meet him. But poor Bob Chappell, who was only nineteen,
never suspected a thing, Dully was would break, He did. And this is the
with him and they came in, I intro- story he told me:

duced Lester as a customer. Bob knew On the night of the murders, Under-
I was doing some bootlegging. Duffy down appeared at the barracks where
said he thought he’d take a little walk he quartered with Carmichael and
and kind of laughed and said he young Chappell about 9 o'clock, and
guessed Bob would want to be alone asked his two buddies to come along
with me after being away so long, with him while he bumped a couple of

“That made Lester furious. 1 could guys off. Underdown had been pun-
see it in his eyes, I was hoping Bob ishing the grog. So-had Carmichael.
wouldn’t catch on. Fortunately, he
didn’t. We all sat around and had
some beer, and then Lester left. I
went to the door with him. He
grabbed me and started to give me an
awful going over with his hands right
there at the door.

“I never did see such a passionate
man. He simply couldn’t get enough
loving. While I enjoyed him, one of
the reasons I wanted to break things
off, or at least slow them down a bit,
was because I was afraid he’d wear me
down, and I’m a perfectly normal
woman.

“T finally got rid-of Lester, straight- |
ened myself out and went back to the
kitchen. Duffy kept insisting that he
would go for a walk and leave Bob |
and me alone for a little while. Iwas -
in an awful fix. I wanted Duffy to
stay, because I knew what would hap-
pen the minute he left, Bob being away
all those months, and he was a pretty
passionate man, too. I was afraid that

with Lester all afternoon. I just didn’t
have any passion left in me, that was
all, and I couldn’t fake it on Bob. He
would have found out in a minute, and

Andrew Bowman refused to

Would Rate tet%9, cogether and inere  fubmit peaceably to holdup men.
wo ave been he pay.
“So I went over to Bob and whis- tim of Il Diavolo to come to the

pered that we couldn’t do anything attention of polices ,

for the next few days anyway, and he P
said to Duffy, ‘Just my luck! You Carmichael was all for knocking a
might as well stay.’ We all laughed couple of guys off, too. Young Chap-
and had some more beer, pell thought Underdown was just
shooting his mouth off, so he went
ie ag ABOUT an hour, Bob thought he along. The old tradition of the devil
heard a noise out back. ‘What’s dogs—“Go along and ask no ques-
that?’ he asked, and picked up the tions.” :
shotgun. He— —” The three Marines, after fortifying

“Where did Bob get the gun?” I in- themselves with some liquid courage,
terrupted. finally reached the bungalow.

“It's always been here in the kitch- “The two men are in the kitchen;
en. We went to the back door—that come on back,” said Underdown. Car-
one,” she said, pointing to the door michael accompanied the killer, but
that led out to the fields behind the young Chappell, growing apprehensive,
house, “and just as I got to it some- afraid to go on, afraid to turn back,
one outside fired a gun. I screamed stayed out front by the roadside.
and then I heard Lester say, ‘Did I hit Lights shone from the kitchen win-
you, Hattie?’ I turned and saw Bob dows, and he saw Underdown and Car-
lying on the floor, with a red mark on michael disappearing into the shadows
the front of his shirt. that enveloped the fields behind the

“Then came another shot. It got house. Then he heard the crack of a
Duffy. Then Lester and the two other rifle. In a little while he heard the

Marines came in,” rifle crack again. Stiff with fear and
“Who were those two others, Hat- not drunk by any means, young Chap-
tie?” I asked. pell stood. there by the roadside. Hattie
“Their names are Chappell and Evans came running out the front door.
Carmichael.” She knew Chappell. She stood along-
“What's Chappell’s first name?” side of him, saying not a word. He
“Madison.” didn’t speak either,
“And Carmichael’s?” Presently Carmichael and Under-
' “Claude.” down came from the rear of the house,

“Both stationed here in Lakehurst, I carrying their rifles, butts downward,

suppose?” barrels upward, as if they had just
“Yes, they’re friends of Lester’s.” used the weapons as clubs, Under-
“And they were both in line when down’s hands were dripping with
you went to identify them?” blood.
“Yes. I saw them. But I was hold- Hattie flung her arms around Un-
ing out on you then, Mr. Parker.” derdown. She kissed the killer and
IT knew that Hattie was still holding murmured, “Good work, honey.”
out on me, for she was very careful “Okay, baby. Are you all right?”

not to implicate herself. But my sec- said Underdown. Hattie nodded.
retary’s display of Sympathy had She had the green box under her
brought ther to the cottage and caused arm.

Il Diavolo of Little Hell (Continued from Page 13)

to it on foot. We found a small house seated on the bed Picking his teeth
with lights burning in several rooms. with. a fingernail file.
Discreet inquiry in the neighborhood The prisoner identified himself as
elicited the information ‘that Errico Errico and we rushed him to the Hud-
lived in a first-floor room. son Avenue Station on the North Side,
The front door was unlocked. ‘We: far ‘from The Devil’s domain. We
slipped into a dark hall. Guns out, we did not want the news of his arrest to
crept along it to the rear, halting out- leak out. -
side ‘the partly opened door of a light- - McGuire showed me a statement Er-
ed room. Flinging the portal wide, I rico had made after the poolroom mur-
jumped inside. A young Italian was der.

“Now wait here, We gota little mare
lo du to throw the dumb cops olf the
trail. We got to plant a gun your sweet
husband tact ou tiie, Underdown ane
Carmichael went back into the fields
in the rear of the house, and Chappell
heard five shots, It was the shells from
those shots that I later picked up., ‘Then
the two killers went into the kitchen,
planted the gun, and came out, the
gory business of the evening finished.

“BEAT it now, baby,” said Under-

down to Hattie. “I’ll see you to-
morrow maybe and we’ll have another
party, eh?” ,

Hattie kissed her murderous lover
and walked off down the road in one
direction, the three Marines going off
in another direction. Chappell recalled
that Underdown had thrown his rifle
into a pond, not far from Homestead
Farms. He didn’t recall where Car-
michael had disposed of his rifle, but
noticed that he didn’t have it upon
their arrival back at the barracks,

ere was a story that reeked of ‘in-
credible hatred and gory passion.
There could be no question now, from
Hattie’s remark to Underdown after
the killing, that the crime had been
premeditated, and that she had been in
on it beforehand.

We _ quickly located Underdown’s
rifle. Chemical analysis disclosed blood
and hairs—the hairs of the two un-
fortunate victims—on the butt of the
weapon. Ballistics tests showed the
lethal bullets had come from Under-
down’s rifle. Chappell’s story checked
in every way with the established
facts. Only one piece of corroborating
evidence was missing, the second rifle
used in the crime, the one with which
Carmichael had assisted in the club-
bings.

We didn’t locate Carmichael’s rifle
in time for the trial of Hattie and Un-
derdown. It was found afterward. But
Carmichael joined Chappell in turn-
ing state’s evidence, and Hattie and her
passionate, murdering lover were
found guilty of murder in the first de-
gree, and promptly sentenced to death
in the electric chair at the New Jer- .
sey State Prison in Trenton. On pleas
of guilty, Carmichael and Chappell
were sentenced to twenty-five and ten
years in State Prison, respectively,
Chappell has paid for any participation
he may have had in the crime, and re-
cently was parolled.

Emmet Clark, the Marine who had
gone A.W.O.L., was exonerated of any
complicity in the crime. We picked him
up in South Carolina through his
sweetheart there. He had gone to New
York with Underdown and inquired
when Bob Evans would return to
Lakehurst. He didn’t know at the time
what Underdown had in mind. After-
wards, on the way back, Underdown
proposed that Clark join him in killing
Evans. Clark knew Underdown was
serious, feared for his own life if he
openly refused, strung Underdown
along and then fled through sheer
fright of the belligerent Texan.

(For his protection, because he was
innocent, his real name is disguised
here under the pseudonym of Emmet
Clark—The Editor.)

td LOOKED for a time as if Hattie

Evans would be the first woman to
die in the electric chair in New Jersey.
But she got her sentence commuted to
life because Underdown had his com-
muted to life. Underdown missed the
chair when Carmichael’s rifle was
found. It showed evidences of having
been used in the clubbings; thus Un-
derdown wasn’t absolutely alone in the
crime.

“He said,” McGuire pointed out,
“that he lost a fountain pen, a me-
chanical pencil .and a watch and
chain.”

He indicated Errico’s vest,

“He’s got all those articles on him
now. I have a hunch he didn’t have
two of each. He'd hardly have
bought them so soon; the robbery took
place only yesterday and he was sup-
posed to have lost all his dough.”

bb


cerca pene TET TE ARE SN TEREST ANC

The gunman dashed to a parked
automobile and sped away. In_ the
Mercy Hospital, the wounded police-
men told of their bloody encounter.
em Carlin, as doctors.worked over
him:

“They were young punks—lItalians.
I’ve seen some of them, I think, in the
streets just west of there, around
Twenty-Second.”

Thereafter, we concentrated our
search for the murdering band in the
Italian settlement on the near South
Side. Orlando, we learned, had fre-
quented the district. However, when
we sought information from residents
of the neighborhood, we received the
old dodge, which we knew was a lie.

“No understand English, please,”
they would say.

HE Italian detectives, usually suc-

cessful in cases involving their

own nationality, got no further than
we did.

“I’m sure the answer to the murders
lies in this district,” I said. “There’s
a lot of people who could help us but
they’re afraid to. They act like a
bunch of Russian serfs -when the
whip’s cracking.”

For weeks the two of us haunted the
Italian colony. in a vain search for
clews. Then, one sunny afternoon,
while we were munching sandwiches
in a restaurant, we overheard a mother
in the back room as she lectured a dis-
obedient child.

“Tony,” she scolded, “be good or ‘Il
Diavolo’ will get you.”

At a corner table, sipping wine, two
Italians perked up their ears.

“T] Diavolo’—he’s a terrible one,”
murmured the man nearest us.

“Yes,” agreed his drinking compan-
ion, “hungry for money, he sends chil-
— into the street to murder and
rob.”

The restaurant proprietor, who knew
we were policemen, paled and hurried
over to the table of the garrulous
elders. He whispered to them excit-
edly. They cast fearful glances in our
direction, arose, paid their bills and
departed.

“«T) Diavolo,’ ‘The Devil,’ who is
he?” I asked the eating-house keeper.

The man’s swarthy face became
mottled. He stuttered:

“IT no know what you speak.”

He did,not intend to talk, I realized.
So with a shrug we departed.

“Something wrong there,” I declared
when we got outside. “That fellow is
scared. Notice how he hushed up the
a gents when they spoke of ‘Il Dia-

0’?

“It all adds up. The gunmen who
shot down McNally and Carlin were
youngsters. They must have a direc-
tor, older and more experienced than
they are. It might be this Devil the
Italian woman speaks of, just as we’d
talk to our kids about the ‘bogey
man’,”

“Yes,” said McGuire, “that’s the
answer. There’s a master of crime in
the picture. Did you hear one of the
old men say The Devil sends kids out
to murder and to steal?”

Il Diavolo, we found, was well
protected. We could not get a clew
to his identity during long weeks of
investigation. But we knew that such
a person existed; only too plainly did
we see fear flame into the eyes of those
whom we questioned about the crimi-
nal leader. Their denials were too
emphatic to be the truth.

Searching police records, we found
his satanic trade mark in some two
hundred odd crimes. The Devil’s
men were always young—‘“probably
wearing their first pair of long pants,”
said Chief Norton—and they worked
with the precision and discipline of a
squad of Marines. The offenses for
which we were sure the gang was re-
sponsible included almost every felony
in the statute books.

NE Italian businessman did tell us

something. Il Diavolo conduct-

ed a crime school and he recruited his

pupils from the Italian youths of “Lit-

tle Hell,” the “Valley” and _ the
“Archy Road” colony.

“l’yve heard many rumors of him,”:

this man said, “but I haven’t any defi-
nite information. He’s a terrible man
and leads a large band of youths.”
Police files contained no record of
many of the crimes of The Devil,

.this informer declared; the dreaded

gang leader wanted it that way. These
unreported offenses were principally
blackmail and a certain type of rob-
bery. The cruelty of Il Diavolo was
blood-curdling.

“There is a case,” one person said,
“where Il Diavolo’s men forced their
way into a businessman’s home and
demanded his savings. He gave them
money he had hidden. They asked for

more. He said he had surrendered all
he owned.

“The hoodlums tied him up and tor-
tured him. They fried the bare soles
of his feet with matches for hours.
Then they plunged stilettos into his
flesh and turned them around and
around in the wounds.

“Finally they departed, warning him
not to report the matter to police. He
didn’t, of course. He fled to the old
country with his family.

“Other men have been approached
since then and threatened with the
same medicine if they didn’t pay
blackmail. Most of them paid.

“Some, of course, defied the gang.
They’ve disappeared. Today, no one
dares to speak against The Devil or
to refuse him anything.”

From this statement and other in-
formation, we came to the conclusion
that Il Diavolo and his evil brood
had murdered at least fifty men!

“But man,” I cried, “if some of his
victims would only come forward we’d
rid the community of this scourge.”

The informant shook his head sadly,
saying:

“I know you would, but they won't
talk to you. The Devil has ’em
bluffed.”

Arguments were of no avail against
the gnawing fear of the victims of the
master of crime. We were foreed to
pursue other lines of investigation.

N THE cloudy evening of Novem-
ber 15, 1919, Sergeants McGuire,
Michael Grady and I sped to a pool-
room at No. 4420 West Sixty-Third
Street to investigate a murder. We
found police of the Chicago Lawn Sta-
tion gathered about the body of a man
who had been shot to death. In a cor-
ner, a half-dozen frightened youths
had been herded.
“The dead guy’s Albert Kurbalanzo,
a neighborhood businessman,” ex-
plained the officer in charge. “He
happened to be in here tonight while a
bunch of young fellows were shooting
dice in the back room. A gang of
three men came in to stick the place
up. Kurbalanzo was excited—didn’t

raise his hands fast enough. They Ict
him have it.” ;
“Did they take anything?” I asked.

Above, Antonio Lopez

Sergeant Joseph McGuire,
left, who worked with Lieu-
tenant Carroll in the hazard-
ous path leading to I! Diavolo


| d Reese Meet
nGallows, -

Lapiéd: the death cell
last night. He was
of the three con-

FRANK CAMPIONR

m rder ag well,.
‘Poliflaris Serdakis off and: |

i he told the Jury. “And |
‘I croaked unother fellow ;

Naight’

MG@insel, Attornéy Gene!

ra making efforts to get!
long distance from‘Lieut.. ,

Fi . . a a

dager Kordcki brought up a!,

Se Ofee and a sandwich.

oul't mind au little game of},

4 t won the game of rhum and!
i over: hi succésn, ‘4
then | 12:30 uc‘ock” In the
~ | : |

hllef called up. Atturney Moran. |
word>yer, Frank,” he ‘said. \
#-have/unother game,”. sug-
the’ prigoner. : |
Frank,” said) one of

7 j
if there's any word yet: from
informed his lawyer was still
the operators at Springfeld

Pagar amiled and renewed the

ff Peters heard. of the efforts of

Cardindtla gang, the night he. |
Camplone und Reese, a Negro |
yer, plunged through the trap |
» the first double hanging In
three years.
two men stepped upon the;
Campione nearly collapmed.

bet M6 £0, please,” he sobbed,
M8 White bUrpliced priest sought

ls courage, His black shirt |

dsplaying a ecapular dung: |
the chest. His hair wis toun: |
even whut, as if to blot cut!
of the waiting noose. Ever |
Was taken, Months ago, to the |
he had been

felgning |

7R/BUNE
(olsfiq 204! “i

Comptaint, Negro Says. |
ttanding tall and amiling be!
raven White man, seemed al- '
ent, i
foing to roxt,” he nald in a'
“I have no complaint to
Gel Almighty will take care of:

4 t
*'s angwer wos a xibbering !
Ki knees swayed baneath him.
Shields trie! to make him
t phayer, |
Mt them hung me,” he im-
; wave me.” |
We wan placed about Reese’s
Ntero turned his head toward !
¥ith a halt compassionate,
Grin.
ater the death.mask was ad-
Plone continued his whim-
nw Then the trap was
two white forms shot
1] was quiet save for the
© happier prisoner in 9 far

surpliced priest made the
cross. The doctors crowded,
ting to pronounce the mur-
The state's penalty had


ees aa ses BEB has CER

: are 2)

dU

/ Sam Cardinetia; ma tabs Ne
and Sam’ Ferrara wit be ae ig
morning In the county Jail...

Antonio Lopez, who ‘hud bean tie

| demned to die“with them, was Kranted ,

thirty day reprieve by, Goy. Small,

{

= {cban ne ides | Acclaim
ik

i]

Vs

cet es

of murderers, sis aife and)" blgek.
handers” to be puniabed. “ will. jdie’ Edic Vi
alone at 10 o'clock, Chitago time. The! Ic a ictory. nf

others will be hangnd /thirty minytes|° | Ae bie

Dean oenee ne

+ i i
it boat Rallroads jand Hi unions sad won
€rows When Reprieved. | | Victories yepterday through « “
There was drama th thie little row of, fof the’ r * \decision ‘of the
death 'cells inthe Jail when the! States railway Inbor hound, whfsh: ta
| news came from Springfield—hope_ fOF ins: “ted to stoke | up the isc
_ one of the four prisoners held therein: jand, put the tran
[doom for the others. : Hector my ben thdiast
Eppa. “the game coek.” gave this’
“no wgCy LZ" ae
shouted;)- Glory’ be tot The ¢ tun, Bh effert.. holds that
My Beavers are inswered.” Jatt) thy Present: natidnal: sgreements Fee
ing Working qonditions on -Amer+
the’ shout that /fillowed “It; and ‘ican raitrou 4 wall vote to an end on!
thes other ella! therescame Bind! July ar Co ferendes between thd car-
cries; sounds of hands slapping. BORER. | 5). retin the workers dire wrdered nag
Laing was ‘led back ‘to. murderers” gin at “the éarifent possible ow.)
row." Where his father, Frank Lopez, ; ‘These are to settle us MUCh AS possible
(sod Attorneys George Jo Spatuzza und
j dunes Itirtour “were Mailing. Ped ie he toritroveras Nee ere
4 Father Won stay. {ing rules.” ltThe reaults ars to be re:
}f Fathér and son embriiced and Kissed | ported Luck to tie board ax fast ae
eet rept. iy z jshey 4re redched. L-Then on July 1 the. 4
in “Tony ix a Rood boy,” the°old man | board will Hromulgate such rules aa it
P| said, A fine boy: “And het as a wife | deems * "Supt: and reasonable” for
jj And @ Uitte boy in Thalys tits wife | clanses - of ¢inployte regarding whom
| | doesn’t _khow about-thid thar ts only | | rules have hot men reached by agree?
pa little. We @dn't tell) her Tony had | ment.’

j4 been sentenced to diet) _- ‘ “Ss U oh Is Keynote. : ;
1 Tt was the old mat’ $) plea that LM * Exnedite "— that was the keynote
'4 the reprieve. tet 1

anne MAtive| of the decisipn. Kn had
Meets Wife and sik Children, | been expecthd that the long drawn ou
| Cardinela, sometimics known as“ the contryversy) over ‘the national agree!
j devil? had nothing ta except when | mente would. be, fragged out agveral
this wife and six childegn came to SHY workr Jong tr, when the board ju

! | good-by. He talked! to them ‘rapidly, lin with ite tinding. j ile
H bev}
up

later,

=> nena shire tarsenetnd

i

Cs oh e me 45
PAA

i
i
i

| weeping. In exsene) & decision putes it
yHe kissed them all fa dozen times, the carrie the employés thnk:

first his wife. then his, oldest, and 0 elves! to strain fen out ms much

yon down to the baby} whom he aeld in} possible of) the, ¢ontroveraial mattee
hia arms for a long tine and get tra apottaties tm shape for the

| Ferra, too, held his baby in bis arms, | combes demands of induatry,

und hig wife art ; psterical as she ; mf find! ¥ the last officta
Watched. Z e lott tar ow constituted. The: -

1 ae ped -
ILK DE4 LERS | _Powtense wae tila by ie ite | lelaha ot-ties
REFUSE UJ 3 M. AN DS an ine bere ‘oe jal ovit re [nied Bs sleet jeunes
LICE MEN Me STRIKE}. Broke Up Nunta ane ‘ if [v8 ;

i “Eo milk as) lets met at the! Ha- Mardinella dies he murder ‘ot |

3 Parent se sr

tel

{ the

; hers! for one day ff jin seven.a ha’ Petes vane ons
holiday on Thursdhydand two week: | the Worst gange-tha

tadation with pag! The MUk Driver +| upon Chicago. been | that which) gived an employé © fiy
Swuton gathéred at]Cadr Men's hall! ins | Two otter of th led . have

| hours’ “tay {f te jhas to tune Bp
hanged, Nicholas ¥ M, 18 years old, f
, , | ' é
ny ; and oeed to) Eien by ig d “the songbird,” who bhurned c dinella wheels”
ss ade BO Bp for hig fate, dud’ tank» Gamplone,

he" ; lide ances cine] is re wen | Leonard Crupo a om. Errico. gre
7 ry lary. t ea. 4 .
*e, oop diner of; crdntedt a géney cy i -fara hia

160 hero) pris, Jagt No- {eatfos May 1. B

Hy Neer, \gecrata} y : he robber
ae No n. said there; : ; > pen rw ant
cert strike, yo 1" sy SP o Costanzo, Fefrara 4
“We,will appea convicted of the. miirde
idividtinis,” het Varchetto, shot. Jan.

» Ciiet of Po-{* Then it they d 2 shop, 109 Forauer ireet.
2 Figst ieputy A (mands thé’ publi

Bet tha _ Lambert | i mitk drivers for
ually: for}. Inside dairy
ny ny sot Funipmesite of mi

La Salo yesterday. and rejecteg | Andrew Bowman, ’s keeper at 22d

broke up one of | |
is ever corse

demands of Qh Ynion wagon @riv- j and: Canal-streets, i #4, 1919,

3

Gardinela commit ino crimes him.


ma? et ete

_petsident
“<s WIL Take
Corgail
Pe

COON OF ey
eur

urnt
Matter
bs i

ts treaty
ETD bw ‘

fe

When
Soul. vraterday,
ile eee ee, ae pears
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ant itwil! tO bet

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|

A meets  Pentay |
TOPIL fas
Sth
by

ely tage

te Amert

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a
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tated apatite
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vorbeor tha atreret

i Mehee, receiver far the @ bi Ke
de TOON Tp essed wh

fate in *Ppping t

Moanwlacture of the Oost chen
Calta, :

Vw
of

+ Lheitnes
A pooten fa to
ian bortestjons
WD Sate hotiye aret

tron Vap
» BUR et atior,

bed Ds Japan |

4

6o
Mahes St Asatte Nappy.
fa: aS

“Mighty ¢
ed RC Andrew,

contra hear (00 Marnmenp:
reve Mle Pash oY hye Paani
“AIO vat bosu.

this

the te
ey

i

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red

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thers> orders tems

Tmashs.

a ‘POLICE SHAKE A
WICKED SPONGE
“IN N.Y. HOMES

Vorh, Apri TRE t pecial. J
theirourive here tee

Hi

ine
of
New

, te

Vote Deleted 7
PPaparese: trate,

PMO NE on the

fore theres
iBVarion

tetay.

‘aw, bee a

state: Thguor
3
mer ta:

e tha ;
+}

tb.
hte

dime.
whe
elerk-
ube
jlauberheimer, ctftet
will be an added ub

Necks Pade |

LNpe.

Deaf Mute’s E VeihadleA fire,
He Can't Hollet for Help

i } Stindh-
“ fbyja
sy bur

te
att

April ts ayy

Umbra
Was si'ver

Sfanre.
dhsf
nbapersh
“put dhe. tx
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the Pery out,.%
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up and saw
H

_ ACTION PICTURES

cc} -OF TH
CUBS- CARDINALS
GAME

taken with camera fitt
with telescopic . sad ota
be found’ on page 1/0

the second sectipn.
the second «

fiat.
te

es ng. a Kar

accident
fellow wdrker gtanced | hp
alr in flames. |

|

Hl

|

“AS

hed

‘a

th
iwi

&
7p

+}
Kies i

ime heat Or
heen ations |
J4inin for a,
building. py |

| 46

i

Gs

ce

fedday ending t i
Par With Germany) i
ary, fatienws
Shes get ire

4 Aprit 6.

reantution
1917, de

}
yore ¢ Caraipeliu'a, pl
ap with titel ¢recution,

“atl ask | Ubve tn the hands ©

bhinit of the SéMatdipra tem
tb\ernor,

LCprdineliy became known whe Jailer)

pit was!

had

ona windew
Cheld bette een. one

fi
‘Spectal guants |

Pie

iA

Hpur cater the cethral
ri heaf todas when ‘tad to the gallos
shade equght fre fs not had Ko many
Unable taj nine years.
ssed und! Jennings and! todt other men wered

LCardine ta

ady have been, anged for the
fgg. and Thomas

wou ¢ np action
for! &@ stay of the

sda

This attom initfa-

Poth

piddég th
fiov. Smal
¢€ ROY érnor aid

for Jeaive thr st i
% on an sutomobfle tout of
davon, sip highwayh, During
Hee WIE Jewett for lajwirto

muthern H
ete sty
prog.)
yp acting |
altches! |

‘MAIMED SEIZE
WOMEN’S JOBS
- ON ITALY ROADS _

LBY HENAN WALESS
[Chienge Tribune Fareigu News Mervice}
(Corsripstso1ae; | ay be Chveago Thine f ‘

_ PARIS, April 13)—{By Wireless.}—'
futilated ltaliqn ar veterans seized"
‘he oMfices of the railways. in Rome, No. f
‘ ; ! Milan, Turin. Bologna, Genoa, “Naptes,
announe thet infarmation
rewebed the]! jail. otteihts ten Bark. Caghari ira rmo. of ha Trieste
YROAKD that friends of (Cardinetia this morning. i
tre Plotiing to effet hid releds-, At The. seizure ba
Imedin{, eedite ns he -eorntinyed cern,
rere! ive and :
le

The os tng teld a
yohe wll take no etion..
Tells of ding Nitro,
he edepected lot to be
wnty jail with ti " ob pict ©

the}
reeing |

, Mothe
to Y

Me told
cerin.

of Ant Hiding of the xitro-:

SES

cal

New Fee bch

Aue bperative ies
twa Nek Viving An
ment, ind young” Bn
other middie aged, tow
ud to bf the

een 3 72

Protest ag: }
ert ek Nother
i inaimied eterans
$vomen: rinploy ¢e In reduced
“s trty Oftice work rultway a4-
Around Jall. omni roe during « tine at te
ere assembled and | duced Wages and the companies ‘have
Veral prisoners afifted to other parts refined: to ‘discharge them,
the Jail Visthrs to “muhterere’| One eved, one texged, and one armed
QW. Were starch) and only-the clog) War heroes x16 rip the big cofice
t relatives Of the condemrigd) mer, | bULdiNgS, tnok ponkedeion ard posted
s permitted tolsce them, isentries Bt the dors. These sentries
al furthe:
eri fy. aT pe?

’
khd two oubces of!
rhtrogivaertn

Throw Gua

thatin
Thornts

hustila

‘ tolet &
other

Pe oie
& diVore
Teng.an
June
Miss ksthe-
lande stenog:

Umays wa! re.

a cs Ts
mn) WEENE Y MEETS
-_ A HOLD UP MAN;
an POOR HOLDUP MAN

Nerth Paulina.
eth hte *e He's

at Chief Fitzmefits wou t women
het a detal: Ofiperile to th

Tomorrow [Hwenty aye | deputy |
HAMS Jiaii
and
the rexvelver pand

plone
ter oft

Wi at Gr

ther

One of the Fepotts that reg: thea the}
in was that t: attempt to et orm © stre
p Jal? ile be imade by friends of | Arts
f Last bight as Mri Swefney
Laine a man erderdd him to *
dy enfere: i
a ef bhie! stee: \ : <
MroSaeenes planed his Tight
and grabbed
The tant?

tts

WAS ohig§
Stick ‘em
theorder with a flash

tiirigsicr Hirst to Hang.
unte ton) éh rofhe patlow sw
Cin EP pidisy Morning oa
S ocluch Cardine'a ?
banged. Half an. Mans eye
ne pale by wah hye tege.
Cook county” hag! te us Balle inn he dangie teres
DRINKS inva day for COMU IN Swee PD AGN odoned (Bt
ie, ane, Thomag | ¥f4PON, and disappeared
fweeney notified the R
ation.

The -
we.

nouner
home
“He

pher tre
Sted

wWominutes pas:

J Ferrara wilt

nthe

the Wises

ted cabone:

‘foo the Gaited
our WER this your *
heart, now, at E143 at
Pty nothing wedgual
our in the evetting, w
ree “awio viet
Mr. BF.

oe

b Mena

A's

ey ph :
‘eers Park

es

Wasio Diue steel mateh-
ee
age Commission Bill
Is Killed by Committee ™

Apringtield, Le Apa! 13.—|
he Dill fur a

migsion for “invess

 wopnen weornerp

huise |

“

fo

need.
| Ferrara and Carftinei.a will
the death hous
¢ Jail At noon t

* placed | ae

in the new part ot
May. The other two,
il held at jthe hospital under
ard | Carding! ke has no friends!
igng the murdertrs, r Lee found f
pez and Covtinga are “pais.” This! -
t_ Fertaca't go tp the gallows wits
rdinetia. | !

Two Already
{stop

ibd

bet
t “]
Spee hal ] have
{nimum wage com. where
pati

¢
{

Executed.
le fanged for the)
‘Bowman in’ Juns.!
fitted when the Car-
peted to rob his sa-
‘jan® and Frank
of the’ gang, ‘al-

cSmmittee, _cireuesh

& vps vote, it owas re i they’:
to @ subcommittee from* ‘whieh! f have |
it fwill. be reporte unfavorably | late} ehildre:
tn sion, The aggion folipwed a! Fach
fiv tee led Dy Mise Jeanette | auto:
Rapwin of! Montana fpr the wil. eae tha
ard (ofttet by a de! .

mufacturing tnt

pang R

ela gang att¢
5 Nickolas |
ipione, mem

Hrrico and
appre hre eit tife sentences:,
0: yday! th more men will be
inged., The} ard Grover x pep
4 Okar MeGablen, tne An
tf connectiph with th
of | last purus
ho' kitted ¢
ed pa a

2 he di

nde vf dederh T. of ton

eel manu

pital yesterday in. tr
t tivated neh Ra ¥


58

| bine HISTORY of capital punish-
ment includes many bizarre at-
tempts to revive dead criminals.
Before hanging was instituted in
England, it was customary to put
a man to death by cutting off his
arms and legs. To somewhat soften
the harsh sentence, the law pro-
vided that if a felon survived such
an amputation unaided, he would
receive a full pardon and would be
set free.

Doctors made several attempts
to save these wretches, but in 1679
the surgeons of Prague undertook
even more novel experiments. De-
capitation was the current method
of execution, and the physicians
attempted to restore life by re-
placing a man’s severed head. In
one instance, they succeeded in
keeping the heart beating for
thirty minutes.

British medical men even de-
veloped a special operation for use
on those who had been hanged.
Called a bronchotomy, it consisted
of a special incision in the wind-
pipe.

In the case of Patrick Red-
mond, the operation was successful,
Hanged at Cork, Ireland, on Feb-
ruary 24th, 1767, he remained on
the rope twenty-eight minutes.
Friends smuggled the body to a
doctor who, five hours later, re-
stored him to consciousness. Pat
was really tough. In 1864, at Leeds,
England, a man in process of being
executed attempted to be his own
surgeon. He failed.

One of the latest known attempts
at resuscitation took place in Chi-
cago in 1921. After the hanging of
Cardinella (‘Il Diavolo’), his gang
sent a hearse for the body. Ona
tip, police opened the hearse. They
found it to contain a doctor and
nurse, a cot covered with a rub-
ber mattress filled with hot water,
an oxygen tank, and a shelf of
hypodermic syringes. The plot
was foiled when officials refused
to release the body for twenty-
four hours.

—BEN GATES

(Continued from previous page)
Occupation, laborer. If located, notify
Chief of Police Joe Kimsey, Department
of Public Safety, Knoxville, Tennessee.

HE roadside restaurant along Middle-

brook Pike in Knoxville, Tennessee,
was one of the finer eating places that
was patronized mainly in the evening.
Therefore, it was comparatively quiet
on the afternoon of June 3rd, 1949. The
proprietress was taking advantage of
the noonday lull to get her place in
readiness for the evening rush.

Around one o’clock, a young man en-
tered and ordered a cup of coffee. As
she served him, the restaurant owner
became aware that the newcomer was
acting nervously. She observed him
carefully as, within the next few min-
utes, he walked to the door a couple of
times and looked up and down the high-
way. She thought perhaps he was ex-
pecting someone. However it soon be-
came evident that he had other plans.
Upon seeing that the highway was de-
serted, he turned, and drew a revolver.

“Do as I say, and give me your
cash!” he demanded.

The thoroughly frightened woman
hurried to her cash register. She
opened it and handed the hold-up man
the $125 it contained. Helpless before
the .38 revolver he carried, she watched
him escape with her hard-earned money.

The proprietress quickly reported her
loss at the Knoxville Police Head-
quarters. After looking over rogues’
gallery photographs shown her by police,
she picked out George Leonard Wash-
ington Hall as the alleged robber.

GEORGE COREY. Aliases: George
Khoury or Khouri, George Uran. Mur-
der. Reward: True Detective, $100.
Age, 37; height, 5 feet 10 inches; weight,

We v4 fo n ese Sugitives

180 pounds; hair, brown; eyes, brown,
complexion, dark. Syrian descent. If
located, notify Joseph C. Crescio, Super-
visor of Detectives, Massachusetts State
Police, 1010 Commonwealth Ave., Bos-
ton, Massachusetts.

HERE had been a long rivalry be-

tween George Corey and Kenneth
Legro for the love of Marie Chenery
before the girl became the latter’s bride,

The three had known each other
since high school days. By the time
Corey entered Northeastern University
to take an electrical engineering course
and Legro went off to Dartmouth, both
were deeply in love with the beautiful
Marie. After the young men successfully
completed their education, Marie grad-
ually found Legro’s character to be the
more reliable of the two and she be-
came engaged to him. Corey took her
choice badly. As time went on he be-
came desperate at losing her. He per-
sisted in his attentions, even to the ex-
tent of sometimes going with Legro and
Marie on their dates. On one occasion,
he argued so bitterly with Legro over
the romance that he created a scene,
This brought about Corey’s arrest and
he was advised by the police to leave
the couple alone.

When Marie announced her engage-
ment to Legro, Corey told her, “You'l
be a widow in a month.”

Believing the threat to be an idle
one, the couple married quietly in the
office of the Peabody, Massachusetts, city
clerk on September 6th, 1940.

To avoid Corey, they took a house in
the Sagamore Hill section of Hull, a
remote section of Salem.

On December 16th, 1940, Corey rented
a Packard sedan, leaving his own car
parked near the rental garage. At dusk
he approached the home of the young
couple. Because it was raining and the
evening was dark, it was easy for him
to hide behind the steps to their porch.

Later Legro came home from work.
He stepped out of his car and started
to enter his house. The doomed man
got no farther than the front steps when
he was shot four times. He died in-
stantly.

The murderer fled but a neighbor gave
police the first four numbers of the
license plate of the car seen speeding
from the scene. They were the num-
bers of the car Corey had hired. Four
days later the car was found. Corey’s
fingerprints were on it. An Essex County
grand jury indicted Corey on a charge
of first degree murder. Since then
Massachusetts police have made a
nation-wide effort to apprehend him.


day of
charged |

blaw

hearing

s

an altent

‘2


‘Five men sentenced to. death, for two
f ‘murders: met their fate to-day. It
e largest number of prisoners ever

execijed in a gingle day in IllMnols. The
hangings moved with. expedition. They

werg completed in less |than two hours’
time, much of the delay being required
while. Judge Landis in the federa] courts
heard the last plea to save Thomas Jen-
nings, the negro murderer, and denied it.
Dramatic scenes and ineffectual efforts to
save the men accompanied the grim trag-
edy.

The four young men sentenced for the
murder of Fred W. Guelzow, Jr., Oct. 20,
1911, were marching to the gallows while
attorneys were arguing !n court for them.
A balliff from Judge !McKinley’s court ar-
rived breathless after the first two were
dead with a request that the proceedings
be delayed, Charles F. Petors, chief dep-
uty sheriff, who officiated with Jailer Will
T. Davies, declareg that he could not: ba
halted except by a court order. Tho exe-
cution of the next two proceeded.

Brothers Are First to Die.

Ewald and Frank Shiblawsk!, brothers,
26 and 21 years old, were the firat to be
executed. Phillip Sommerling, a brother-
in-law of them, 34 years old, and Frank
Schultz, 18 years old, were the next.

The four white men showed scarcely a
quiver at approaching death. Tho nogro
was On the verge of collapse and had to be
held on his feet {n the last moments,

' The times of the hangings were:

Ewald ‘Shiblawski} dropped 10:18 a. m:;
dead 10.26 a.m. |

Frank Shiblawski, dropped 10:18 a. m.;
dead 10:80 a. m.

Phillip Sommerling, dropped 10:50 a. m.;

.

‘dead 10:58 a. m.

| their crime.

Frank Schults, dropped 10:50 a. m.; died
11:01 a. m.
Thomas Jennings,
dead 12:23 p. m.
Negro Is Silent to the Last.
The four white men had confessed

dropped 12:14 p. m.;

to,

their murderous gang are serving life seo-
tences tp Jollet.

Jennings did not make any public confea-
sion. He refused to talk even to the last
moment. He was convicted of the murder
of Clarence PD. Hiller, !n Morgan Park.
Sept. 18, 1910, the conviction belng obtained
by convincing circumstantial evidence and
finger prints. He !s sald, however, to have
admitted the crime.

Step on Platform Together.

The Shib'awskis stepped on the plat-
form together. Frank stood on the right
and his brother, Ewald, on the left, facing
the guards aud doctors below them. Jaller
Davies and his assistants placed straps
about the ankles,
each man.

During this time Father Rapinski, stand-
ing behind the two men, sald a prayer.
Father O'Brien afded {In the preparations
for the execution. After both men were
strapped white ahrouds were placed around
them and Jailer Davies and Nr. Peters
placed tha ropes about thelr necks. White
caps then were placed over each of their

Two 16 year old members of ,

knee, and shoulders of |
w

heads In an instant more Jailer Davies

|

ee eee ees
; Step on Platform Together.

The Shibiawskis stepred on the plat-
form. together. Frank stood on the right
and his brother, Ewald, on the left, facing
the guards and doctors below them. Jaller
Davies and his assistants placed straps
cach a0 ankles, knees and shouldera of

eac an. == ; A : :

Diksig this time Father Rapinski, stand- |
{ng behind the two men, said a prayer.
Father O’Brien alded tn the preparations
tor the execution. After both men were
strapped white shrouds were placed around
them and Jailer Davies and Mr., Peters
placed tha ropes about their necks. White

caps then were placed over each of their

heads. In an instant more Jailer Davies
and his. assistants pushed three levers,
then three buttons, and the men swung
to their deaths. ee

Priest Prays as Men Drop.

When tho men dropped’ Father O’Brien
crossed his hands in prayer and burled
hig head in his chest for a few minutes.
Assistant) Jailer Arthur Jacobus stepped
beside the swinging bodies and caught hold
of Frank Shiblawski. The physicians were
called. and stethoscopes applied to the
heart and Jungs of the men,
The respiration *of Ewald Shiblawskl
stopped at 10:23 and ho was declared. dead
at 10:26. Frank Shiblawsk! was not pro-
nounced dead until 10:30 o'clock. Dr. C. W.
K. Briggs and Dr. A. G. Meserve exam-
ined the bodies and pronounced the mena
dead. They declared that the necks of both
men were fractured by the fall.

_ After the men had been officially pro-
nounced dead the bodies were cut down
at 10:88 a, m. and removed to a lower floor
in tho freight elevator.

Summoned to Scaffold,

Sommerling and Schultz walked on tbe
scaffold at 10:44 a. m. Fathers O’Brien
and Frances Rapinski were in the death
chamber with the two when Chief Deputy
Sheriff Peters entered the room with
Jailer Davies and two assistants. Som-
meriing, Schultz and the priests were
kneeling Jn prayer. Closing the door be-
hind him the failor sald: “Come!"* The
condomned men, just preceding their spir-
{tual advisers, marched to. the gallows and
took thelr places on the platform. Jailer
Davies stepped up to the men and sald:

“Js there anything either one of you
wish to say before you are hanged?”

The men replied with a shake of thelr
heads. Neither showed any elgue of nerv-

ousness.
Sommerling Show, Signe of Fear.

It had been reported that Schultz was.
on the verge of a -collapse, but be took:

his place on the gallows without any dls-
play of emotion. The formalittes of ad-—
justing the shrouds, manacliing: the en's
legs and locking the handcuffs lasted only |
a few minutes. The two nooses were swung
zon theis pogitions and placed around the

JENNIN. GS,, Thomas, black, hanged Ghicago, 2-16-1912; and
SCHULTZ,. Thomas, SHIBLAWSKL, Ewald and Frank; and SOMMERLING
Phillip, whites, hanged Chicago 2-16-1912.

Guelzow Slayers. March to the Gallows While At
_ torneys Make Ineffectual Attempts to Ob-
| tain a Stay of Execution. :

|
\ \

Dramatic Scono Pie as Bailiff Rushes Into, Fatal Cham.
- ber After Two Are Hanged and Makes a Valin |
*'. Request for Delay.

Judge Landis : Rofiros Reprieve Asked by Friends ‘ot Thomas - Piaget 8s
Jonnings and Latter Follows Four White Mon | Oe leereert
: to the Scaffold. | i :


|
i
|
||
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al
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thi
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4
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3
ef
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i

LAW AND LAWLESSNESS

marshal was charged with the duty of capturing and confin-
ing such animals, which, if unclaimed by a specified time,
were to be sold at public auction for an amount sufficient
to cover all charges. Anyone interfering with the marshal
in the performance of this duty was subject to a fine of $10
to $25."

Since many of the city ordinances adopted before 1849
had never been recorded, several were combined and put on
the books that year as part of Police Ordinance No. 5. This
law prohibited such activities as the operation of gaming
houses and gambling, hallooing and shouting in houses,
fires in public places, indecent exposure, as well as “immoder-
ate riding and driving.” On January 25, 1850, probably
through the efforts of church people, the town board took
another stand for law and order when it decreed that all

groceries, bowling alleys and billiard rooms were to be closed
on the Sabbath.”

A study of the Rock Island County Circuit Court records
reveals that no mention was usually made of the place where
crimes were committed or of the residence of the person or
persons involved. It has been possible to determine some
residences through old tax records, but there usually is no
other source for learning the place of the crime. Even the
original warrants and summonses did not always include
the county, nor did they always state the party for whom the
warrants were issucd. No records were kept of the testimony
of witnesses. In a few cases, such as the Davenport murder,

49. The 1849 ordinances cited here and in succeeding notes were later
codified as Ordinances of 1856, City of Rock Island. See Ordinance 6,
Secs. 1-3.

50. Ibid., Ordinance 5.

51. Records of the Town of Rock Island, 1845-1852, Book B, Jan. 25,
1850.

542

ite aera

ide

Rape oH ey Sod

weber Asoe ONE her dy: St Abie pipe Pr Res, ;

O. FRITIOF ANDER
it is possible to establish the location of the crime, but of the
seventy-three criminal cases brought before the Circuit Court
of Rock Island County in the period from 1837 to 1850 very
few can definitely be said to have been committed in either
the town of Stephenson or the city of Rock Island.”

The early settlers of the town came from established com-
munities where they had long enjoyed the benefits of law
and order, and when they came west they did not want to
abandon those benefits. They came with their wives and
families in hope of establishing new homes in a peaceful
community. They were men of God. Many were deeply
religious and were desirous of protecting and strengthening
their religious faiths. Consequently, they began to organize
churches as early as 1836. This religious atmosphere of
the town no doubt contributed to its good record. Another
contributing factor was the slow, steady growth of the com-
munity, which never suffered from the problems of the
“boom town.” Rather, as Rock Island grew, its deepening
roots were nurtured in an appreciation of law and order.

52. Of the seventy-three criminal cases in the circuit court there were
sixteen. convictions and four changes of venue. The cases included six
charges of pulling down buildings, with no convictions, and three charges
of inciting to riot, with the same result. Neither were there any convictions
in the following fourteen cases heard by the court: five of arson, three of
perjury, two of false imprisonment, one of embracery, one of malicious
mischief, one of setting fire to the prairie and one of forgery.

Of ten indictments for assault and battery, there were three convictions.
On the two charges of accessory to murder, there was one conviction, while
the seven indictments for keeping a gaming house resulted in three convic-
tions. Of seventeen cases of larceny, three of the accused were found guilty.
Four of the ten people tricd for murder were hanged; and one man indicted
for manslaughter was imprisoned. The highest rate of conviction was for
the possession of counterfeit money; two of the three convicted counter-
feiters drew prison terms.

Before adoption of the Constitution of 1848, the circuit court heard all
criminal cases not handled by justices of the peace; the county court — or,
more precisely, the court of county commissioners — had no criminal
jurisdiction.

543


inited tige in
ROON butt r

conf essed

unourae ped Hitias

ested mainly im bore § i;
yOUDE war Jor ‘ie {3 rv 1¢%;
no attempt to 4 lative;
to the shooting ge.
lives of the hree

year.

the day asked Af
anything hapPe A
bis tk ee

ag
bandits in the

Httie village

to rob the t

James Adamson, (Jr, one
prank querds ee


Bert? .:
we identi«
issumed

‘ cy ean LF fen

Sth oa e from the
‘s death char ‘aa we last of

Pm Oo Tree bonds ted paid with

iif ver 2 oie slayings.

Leite vite

of | fond 7" wit met
“intl st
Baked tp lew

other prisoner |
dis ut 20, ict


“Sérved Chick. 1
ee had Spent the

us chick.
ad datriicosath

as Caten w
relat

ith relish |
‘VCs waited impa. |
10 '¥¢ ae their conversa- |
MA the

bs

ly, any

67 statement 0)
Make tr hewspanpermen
Vials

nin their cella

at Fy FROOR A
er.
; pee ee


POSEN Ragen, state superinte
fent of prisons, was among
present. Others ineluded offid
from the southern Mlinois
tentiary at Menard, from
tise reformatory, from.

@Od police forces jaeko Salle os daul

adjoining counties, including §

ie Ralph H. Desper and t |
¥ & including the writer
execution wha . the.
riple one in Jolict since | ae
hoo when two nO RTI
Oar ware clectre

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PIE TSAR TNT

“The dead guy out there followed us
into the hallway when we came back from
a movie,’ Wanderer explained. “Ruth
was fumbling around, trying to turn on
the light.

“He ordered: ‘Stand still,’ and then he
opened fire. Ruth fell, and I jerked out
my own automatic and let him have it
three or four times.

“IT was in the army and know how to
use sidearms when I have to. I had been
keeping the old gun handy ever since I
was robbed of $900 some time ago.

“Poor Ruth! The dog didn’t give her
a chance.” Tears rolled down his cheeks.
“Tt wasn’t only Ruth he killed. He mur-
dered our unborn child. We were expect-
ing the birth in about'two months.”

Racked by sobs, the bereaved husband
was escorted to the precinct house where
he dictated a statement, a formality in-
vestigators were unable to spare him.

He fondled a_ .45-caliber automatic
which bore the inscription “Property of
the U. S. A.” and the initials “L. H. B.”

“This is mine—a swell old gun,” he
murmured. “I picked it up on a battle-
field in France. I served with the 17th
machine gun battalion, you know. It was
lying beside the body of a lieutenant. I
suppose he was the L. H. B. whose initials
are on it.”

HE other weapon, also a .45-caliber
automatic bearing the manufacturer’s
numbers, was used by the killer, he said.
Hailed by the entire city as a hero,
Wanderer repeated his story to a sympa-
thetic coroner’s jury and was commended
for shooting down the slayer.

“Tf more citizens treated holdup men
as you did,” said the deputy coroner,
“the murder rate would drop.”

But Lieut. Norton did not congratulate
Wanderer.

“There’s something phony here,” he de-
clared.

His superiors ridiculed Norton’s theory
and urged him to forget it.

“You'll only make a laughing stock out
of yourself, John,” they told him.

But the stubborn Norton began an in-
vestigation of the: affair which police
records had labeled “closed.”

Diligent sleuthing failed to uncover a
clue to the identity of the Ragged Stran-
ger. He was evidently a casual, one of
the thousands of homeless who infest
West Madison street, the tramps’ “main
stem.”

A keen student of men, Norton doubted
that a ragged hobo with holes in his shoe
and a week's growth of beard woul
possess an automatic.

“Bums just don’t own pistols like that,”
he explained. “When one of them gets
his mitts on such a weapon, he hocks it
for a sawbuck or so.

“And even if he were on the heist, why
would he be away up in the Wilson avenue
neighborhood, miles from the haunts of
his kind? He wouldn’t dare go that far
to pull a job.” :

Norton traced the killer’s gun from the
manufacturer in the East to a Midwest
wholesale dealer. He searched through
hundreds of invoices and learned it had
been consigned to a South Wabash ave-
nue sporting goods shop in Chicago.

One John Hoffman, store records dis-
closed, had purchased the weapon several
years before. But no trace of Hoffman
could be found at the address he had
given. Neighbors said he was a roomer
who long since had moved without leaving
a forwarding address.

Norton, however, did not give up what

seemed to be a hopeless quest. He finally
ran down Hoffman in his home on North
Western avenue, near the scene of the
double killing.

“Where is that .45-caliber automatic
you bought?” he demanded.

“T sold it,” replied Hoffman.

“To whom?”

“A guy named Fred Wanderer.”

Fred Wanderer was a cousin of Carl
Wanderer!

Norton’s superiors were thunderstruck
but the homicide squad leader simply
smiled.

Fred Wanderer at first denied he had
ever owned the gun. Then he declared
it had been stolen. Norton finally broke
him down.

“IT gave it to Carl Wanderer on the day
his wife was shot,” he admitted.

Could Carl Wanderer have made a mis-
take in the identification of the weapons?
It was hardly possible. He had stated
positively that the gun marked “Property
of the U. S. A.” was his. But to make
sure, he was brought to the station and
again shown the pistols.

“Ves,” he said, “this one, No. C-2282, is
the killer’s.”

That was the beginning of the end for
Wanderer. Like a cornered rat he fought
desperately, changing his story a half
dozen times. First, he explained: “I
had both guns and shot my wife acci-
dently in the tussle. I didn’t tell that be-
cause I was ashamed.” Later he main-
tained: “The robber snatched one of
the guns from my hand and plugged
Ruth.” But his stories proved of no avail.
At length, realizing the futility of lying
he confessed.

“I got tired of my wife,” he told Norton,
“and decided to kill her. I hired the hobo
to fake a robbery, telling him I wanted
to cover up for some money I had gam-
bled away. He was to get $20 for the
job.

“The bum, poor boob, had no gun, I
had a rod in each hand. I plugged him
first and then let Ruth have it.

“Sorry? No, I was fed up with married
life. I wanted freedom.”

On September 30, 1921, in the cold, gray

dawn, Carl Wanderer plunged through
ap at the Cook county jail.
Just a few months before, another dra-
matic chapter in Norton’s career had
ended in the same grim jail yard when
Il Diavolo, the devil of Little Hell, danced
a jig of death at the end of the hempen
rope.

L DIAVOLO, Salvatore Cardinelli, had

been the leader of a gang of young
killers responsible for five cold-blooded
murders during two years of robbery,
extortion and burglary.

Whispers of I] Diavolo had come to
Chief Norton as early as 1918 but he had
been unable to get any clue to his identity.
Two detectives, James Carlin and Hugh
McNally, were seriously wounded while
working on the case.

Little Hell, the Italian colony, in which
I! Diavolo reputedly made his headquar-
ters, quaked in terror at mention of his
name. If it were not for the baffling
series of crimes, Norton would have
doubted the existence of the elusive killer.

‘Santo Orlando, a police informer, tele-
phoned the detective bureau one sunny
afternoon.

“Chief,” he said, “I got a lead on Il
Diavolo. But-I don’t dare talk on the
phone. I’ll meet you at the same old
place.”

Orlando did not keep the appointment.

ev

ges

We ter,
was learned w
was found in

As the mo
Diavolo moun
Andrew P. B
in a holdup
Archer avent
etto, a baker,

Wealthy It
ported to be
to the terrori
ears cut off ©
his demands.
tures, the vic
matter.

“Tt would
fearfully.

On Noven
balanzo, a b
in the holdu
4420 West ¢
doubt that
by the Devil

“But they
vestigators,

HIEF NO
ter. He}
shoes. Nort
follow the
average law
“Tf I were
Norton told
that poolroo1
the coast wa
one of his v
Thomas ]
robbed, pos:
He had rey
perl a fou
cl Seize
fi int, |
thos “erticle
Grilling 1
admitted ha
He named
Sansone as
“The Dev
“T never he
Campione
With them -
boy, and Le
Later, Anti
Joseph Cos
into the net
Masterful
Viana, a ha
the two po
killed We
Bowman; a
rara had sh
But days
out the ider
in all-const
edge of suc
But Cra
made a slip
of the sma
in more thi
sullenly:
“There wv
got throug
at his pool
Crapo h
that he hac
like a clam
to talk furt
before Nor
“Crapo
Norton lie
your doug
hall. Why
You're onl:
you
he


' CARDINELLA, CONSTANZO & FERRERS, hanged Chicago, IL 4/15/1921

(STARTLING DETECTIVE, March 1939).

AMERICAN MANHUNTERS.

* FEATURING: ©« °

Former Chief of Detectives
John W. Norton, Chicago

armed negro thief took refuge in

a black belt tenement and hour
after hour fought off a score of police-
men who sought to capture him.

Two bluecoats, one of them a rpokie,
huddled behind a squad car and methodi-
cally exchanged fire with the desperate
criminal. A slightly built, elderly man
walked up.

Standing in an exposed position, the
newcomer calmly surveyed the battle-
field. With an ugly ping, a bullet bore
through the hood of the vehicle over
which he gazed. The rookie uttered an
oath, grasped the mild-appearing man,
and with a vigorous push sent him reel-
ing toward the sidewalk.

“Scram, you fool,” he ordered tensely,
“or you'll find yourself ridin’ in an un-
dertaker’s hearse!”

Smiling faintly, the older man strolled
away, and the bluecoat resumed his at-
tempts to deposit a pellet of lead in the
skull of the mad gunner.

“Say,” cried the second policeman in
awed tones, “do you know who you
bawled out? That’s Sandy Hanley—
Chief Norton himself!”

The rookie wilted.

“Chief Norton,” he stuttered weakly,
“Oh, my gosh!”

The other grinned as he reloaded his
revolver.

Cities. by narcotics, a heavily-

“You sure told him where to get off
at,” he commented.

Haunted by visions of arraignment for
disrespectful conduct toward a superior,
the rookie nervously returned to his
station after the killing of the maniac had
ended the siege.

John W. Norton, chief of detectives,
met him outside.

“New on the job, son?” he questioned.

“Yes,” replied the patrolman fearfully,
“and, Chief, honest, I didn’t .. .”

“You did perfectly right,” boomed
Norton, with a laugh. “At my age, I
should know that bullets aren’t
harmless tnosquitoes.” His voice
became serious. “You acted like a
veteran under fire, young man.
Your dad was like that—a real cop.”

Before the bluecoat could utter
another word, Norton hopped into
his chauffeur-driven limousine and
was whirled away.

“How'd he know about Dad?”
queried the recruit, ‘‘He’s been dead
five years.”

“Norton is a detective,” succinctly
replied his companion.

The story spread. To old-timers
it was just another display of the
affability, which, coupled with pluck
and determination, made Norton the
idol of the Chicago police depart-
ment. In the hearts of rookies, who

Carl Wanderer, below left, the Ragged Stranger, center, and Mrs.
Ruth Wanderer, right, were the central characters in one of

Norton’s most celebrated cases.

By
JAMES BRYCE


He finally
e on North
ene of the

automatic

’

rer.’

sin of Carl

nderstruck
ler simply

ied he had
ie declared
ially broke

on the day
‘d.

iade a mis-
‘ weapons?
had stated
“Property
it to make
station and

1. C-2282, is

he end for
t he fought
ry a half
ained: “I
wife acci-
ell that be-
r he main-
ed one of
id plugged
of no avail.
ty of lving

ld n,
‘di 0
1 I wanted
{ had gam-
320 for the

no gun. I
ugged him

ith married

> cold, gray
‘d through
dl.

1other dra-
career had
vard when
fell, danced
he hempen

dinelli, had
‘ of young
id-blooded
{ robbery,

d come to
but he had
us identity.
and Hugh
nded while

y, in which
headquar-
tion of his
he baffling
‘ould have
usive killer.
ormer, tele-
one sunny

lead on Il

alk he
s Id
ypointment,

Be ae ON a

Weeks later, the reason for his failure
was learned when his bullet-riddled body
was found in the drainage ‘canal.

As the months passed the toll of Il
Diavolo mounted. Benjamin Wendel and
Andrew P. Bowman were shot to death
in a holdup of the latter’s saloon on
Archer avenue. Then Antionio Varch-
etto, a baker, was slain.

Wealthy Italian business men were re-
ported to be paying Black Hand tribute
to the terrorist. Some of them had their
ears cut off when they refused to meet
his demands. Distgured by their tor-
tures, the victims declined to discuss the
matter.

“Tt would mean death,
fearfully.

On November 15, 1919, Albert Kur-

”

one explained

-balanzo, a businessman, was murdered

in the holdup of a crowded poolroom at
4420 West 63rd street. There was no
doubt that the job had been executed
by the Devil and his crew.

“But they left no clue,’ reported in-
vestigators. :

HIEF NORTON mulled over the mat-

ter. He placed himself in Il Diavolo’s
shoes. Norton felt that he was able to
follow the thought processes of the
average law breaker.

“Tf I were a fairly smart gang leader,”
Norton told his men, “I’d plant a guy in
that poolroom to give me the office when
the coast was clear. Check up on every
one of his victims.”

Thomas Errico, listed among those
robbed, possessed an unsavory record.
He had reported losing a mechanical
pencil, a fountain pen and a watch and
chain. Seized by detectives after a dif-
ficult hunt, he was found to be carrying
these articles!

Grilling produced a confession. He
admitted having been the finger man.
He named Frank Campione and Tony
Sansone as the gunmen.

“The Devil?” Errico shook like a leaf.
“T never heard of him. No, no.”

Campione and Sansone were arrested.
With them Nick Viana, 18-year-old choir
boy, and Leonard Crapo were picked up.
Later, Antionio “The Rooster” Lopez,
Joseph Costanza and Sam Ferrara fell
into the net.

Masterful questioning brought out that
Viana, a handsome youth, had wounded
the two police officers; that Errico had
killed Wendell; Crapo-had murdered
Bowman; and Lopez, Costanza and Fer-
rara had shot down Varchetto.

But days of questioning failed to bring
out the identity of the Devil. The killers,
in all-consuming terror, denied knowl-
edge of such a person.

But Crapo, under Norton’s grilling,
made a slip. Asked how he had disposed
of the small fortune that was his share
in more than 250 robberies, he muttered
sullenly: ,

“There wasn’t much left after the boss
got through. He took it in dice games
at his poolroom and... .”

Crapo halted in confusion, realizing
that he had said too much. He shut up
like a clam and could not be persuaded
to talk further. Viana then was brought
before Norton.

“Crapo. has squealed on the Devil,”
Norton lied, “and told us how he took
your dough in crap games at the pool
hall. Why keep your lips buttoned?
You’re only fixing yourself for the noose
when you do.”

“So he talked.”

Viana squared his

*

shoulders. “Well, I’m glad of it. The
Devil’s no good. He should be hanged.”

Viana revealed that the Devil was Sam
Cardinelli, 39 years old, owner of a pool-
room at West 22nd place. He was ar-
rested.

Cardinelli, Viana, Lopez, Costanza,
Ferrara and Campione were convicted of
murder and died on the scaffold. Errico,
who turned state’s evidence, Crapo and
Sansone were sentenced to life imprison-
ment. Frank Gibbia, another member of
the gang, escaped the police net but later
was found dead, evidently murdered by
the slain Orlando’s friends in cruel
vengeance.

After Cardinelli’s execution, it was
discovered that the dice he had used in
winning his henchmen’s share of the loot
were loaded! Sn

Another of Norton’s greatest accom-
plishments took place during 1933 and
1934 when he cleaned up the notorious
Valley district, for more than a generation
the spawning ground of the city’s most
vicious criminals.

When Norton was placed in charge of
the Maxwell street precinct, the station
complaint book nightly showed dozens
of robberies and scores of automobile
thefts. On an average of twice weekly
a gang murder took place.

Other captains had attempted to tame
the hoodlums who infested the dread
section but every one of the officers had
been forced to throw in the sponge.

On the afternoon that Norton took
command the fireworks started. He over-
heard a woman store keeper complain to
the desk sergeant that 'loiterers in front
of her shop kept trade away.

“They won’t move off when I ask
them,” she cried. “They’re ruining me.”

“They have to hang out someplace,”
the sergeant told her. ‘We can’t do any-
thing. Why. don’t you get a warrant?”

“Warrant, my eye!” snorted Norton.
“There’s more law in the end of a night
stick than in all the warrants ever issued.
Warrants don’t mean anything to those
rats. I'll give them something they’ll
understand.”

A SPECIAL squad of six-footers led
by the fiery captain descended on the
corner. The policemen’s clubs swung
with deadly accuracy. Bruised and bleed-
ing, the toughs were tossed into cells.

“Even if the judge gives them a pass,”
chortled Norton, “they’ve been punished.”

In ten work-packed months that fol-
lowed, Norton did the impossible. Max-
well street became as quiet and law-
abiding as Rogers park. In order to
accomplish this transformation Norton
and his bluecoats, without the use of
kid gloves, arrested 7,796 police char-
acters. One-third of the number were
convicted of crimes and: most of the others
decided that the district was unhealthy for
them. :

Norton is at present assigned to the
office of the Cook county election com-
missioners, where he directs special
squads in stamping out ballot abuses.
Their work has shown that the veteran
is the answer to the prayers of reformers
and honest citizens. Scores of precinct
captains and other politicians have be-
come penitentiary lodgers. Chicago’s last
election, to the amazement of the public,
was without violence.

“And that fact,” a newspaper editorial
declared, “is ad miracle in this city where
bombs and bullets have marked other

ai

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>
. -

CARDINELLA Gang

Cab

} "i g

CHICAGO’S

CRIME
MASTER

Side whispered of “Il Diavolo,”
“The Devil,” who killed his own;
but they kept the silence that is their
code.

“Go out and kill coppers,” he would
say to boys enslaved in crime. “Go out
and get money for me.”

He would give them stilettos and pis-
tols with explicit instructions—orders to
kill—but to obey him was to hazard death
at his hands.

I came upon the trail of the Devil
when, as a sergeant of the homicide squad
of the Chicago detective bureau, I in-
vestigated a series of crimes in the
Twenty-second street district. During
my investigations I reached the conclu-
sion that the mysterious master of crime
was responsible for fifty murders !

I was to learn that he was a strongly
built man of at least 175 pounds with
powerful shoulders and arms. He had
a swarthy complexion and evil, dark
eyes set between high cheek bones. His

G 'sice whi of Chicago’s near South

Twenty-second street district which in-
dicated a central source. An Austrian
restaurant owner was held up and shot
by swarthy youths. Chinese were
slugged and robbed in the center of
Chinatown, at Twenty-second street and
Wentworth avenue. A swarthy man
often shot at negroes as if for target
practice. The district was a difficult one
for police to work in. Even as late as
1919 this one-time levee district, notori-
ous the world over in 1912, was a center
of vice. The area included Chinatown
and a part of the Black Belt; there was a

Sicilian colony along West Twenty- »

second, touching a Slavic settlement
farther west. The area had produced
many criminals.

One night Sergeants James Carlin and
John McNally of the old South Clark
street police station hunted in Went-
worth avenue for the criminals and met
four swarthy young men. The officers
attempted to seize and search the youths.
One shot Carlin through the abdomen

2 py CAPTAIN: |

Policew
and ban
Chicago
furtive
figure «
enabled
crime ri
tei

Sicilian “EP
in two we
istence of
repeated It
at play, an:
the father «
heard then
“The D
sends othe:
him,” the
Then t
which wer:

| MICHAEL GRADY 0 “h""

terrifying aspect was emphasized by a and felled McNally with a bullet in the A ae (Above) vs tke saloon at 4
1 low forehead, a thick neck anda fringe thigh. They cursed the officers and fled. seat “As Told To pe ed of |
of black oily hair about his bald upper Then young bandits of similar descrip- we Dy Ba > Rae afternoon.
head. tion held up payroll guards of the Henne- A RO BERT FAHERTY electrician
| In 1918 and early 1919 there were berry Printing Co., 455 W. Twenty- Mi ; : four dark )
4 numerous crimes of violence in the second, and escaped with $400 loot. Two 2 pair with
money. B
20 STARTLING DETECTIVE —
ADVENT
5 ‘ + r - ) “3 es seme, SREP I SOREL ATEN
STARTLING DETECTIVE, April, 1935


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claimed to have seen Mrs. Luetgert on the
street im Kenosha, Wis., on the Tuesday
after she vanished.

William Francis, a stockholder in the
sausage plant, said that Luetgert had been
experimenting with various animal fats
and caustics, in a soap-making venture,
which would explain not only the potash,
but his friend’s working at the factory
late on Saturday night—and in secret.
The processes were to be patented if
successful, Francis said, and thus were
revealed to no one.

So successful was the defense that the
first jury disagreed. At the second trial
Prosecutor Deneen hammered home the
circumstantial evidence the police had
obtained, and stressed the — testi-
mony of Professors Haines and Delafon-
taine, and of Bailey and Dorsey.

Luetgert was found guilty of second
degree murder, and his punishment fixed
at life imprisonment in the state prison at
Joliet.

The  once-wealthy sausage maker
pleaded that he could carry his defense
no further because the court actions had
impoverished him. He was taken to
prison.

There, on July 27, 1899, Attorney Law-
rence Harmon arrived to tell Luetgert that
a friend had provided $1,500 to appeal .the
case. He was too late—by an hour. The
sausage manufacturer had died of heart
disease.

“‘Hunt the Devil!’’

(Continued from page 25)

place, they learned, was operated by a
short, heavy-set man named Samuel Car-
dinella.

Was he El Diavolo? Norton waited no
longer. He and a comrade strode into
the poolroom to find the proprietor stand-
ing behind the cigar counter.

Cardinella truly seemed fitted to carry
the name, The Devil. His pudgy face
was bewhiskered and there was a scar
on his right cheek. Though his mouth
smiled, his eyes were flat and dead as
he said, “Good afternoon, gentlemen, What
can I do for you?” ,

“We want to talk to you.”

“Certainly, I am at your service.”

“About a man named Orlando.”

Cardinella’s expression did not change.
He seemed ‘to be waiting. The detective
spoke again. “We want to ask you about
several dead men, Cardinella—or should I
call you El Diavolo ... ?”

The Devil moved so fast that his action
was almost lost. His pudgy hand went
beneath the counter and flashed up with
a gun. But the detectives were equally
swift. In a split-second they, too, were
behind the counter and grappling with the
master criminal.

Disarmed, he was rushed in a squad
car to headquarters: There, his ‘huge
bulk quivering in a chair, he denied his
was the brain behind the murder of Or-
lando and the series of holdups and shoot-
ings. :

But when the eight men in custody saw
that Cardinella was under arrest, safely
locked behind strong bars, they talked.

It was as though somebody had pulled
the cork from a bottle. Information poured
out in a flood. The eight conf mob-
men confirmed ‘that Cardinella was El
Diavolo, and that he had been the master-
mind behind all of the crimes.

He had been a modern Fagin, teaching
yo men in Little Italy how to rob and
plunder and kill, teaching them that to be

caught by the police meant death, teach- _

ing them to shoot first when an officer
approached. To him they had been forced
to bring their loot. His had been the
evil. genius which had ruled the under-
world for so long.

But now his power was broken. His
underlings were talking, and though he
continued to say nothing he was charged
with the murder of the saloonkeeper Bow-
man. So was Crapo. Crapo pleaded
guilty and was sentenced to life imprison-
ment.

Before Cardinella came to trial the seven
others in the gang were disposed of, Lopez,
Constanzo, and Ferrara were convicted of
killing Antonio Varchetto and sentenced
to hang.

Errico, Campione, Viana, and Sansone
were accused of murdering Kubalanza in.
the barber shop. Sansone pleaded guilty
and got life. The other three were con-
victed and sentenced to hang, but Errico’s
sentence was commuted ‘to life imprison-
ment.

Cardinella himself remained. His mob
had told police that Cardinella and Gibbia
had taken Orlando for a ride, and Gibbia
later was killed by persons unknown.
But the state elected to try Cardinella for
the murder of Saloonkeeper Bowman, the
crime to which Crapo already had pleaded
guilty. :

Cardinella went on trial June 24, 1920,
before Judge Kickham Scanlan and a jury.
Crapo and Errico both testified against
him. The jury convicted him after short
deliberation and he was sentenced to the
gallows. .

To Cheat the Hangman

But his fantastic career was’ not ended.
In jail awaiting execution he went on a
hunger strike and grew thin. He some-
how obtained enough high explosives to
blow up the jail but was discovered before
he could make the attempt. He tried to
bribe a high panes officer to help him
escape. His lawyers fought repeatedly
through all available legal maneuvers.

None of this availed. His execution was

scheduled for 8 a.m. on April 15, 1921..

As dawn broke that day he collapsed, and

‘his body, wasted away by his hunger
strike, had to be carried to the gallows.
He was in a stupor as the noose was
fastened about his neck, and his head
lolled from side to side, making the hang-
man’s task difficult.

‘But at last all was in readiness and as
the trap was sprung, officers thought they
had done with El Diavolo.

They were wrong. His body plummeted
downward. He was cut: free and pro-
nounced dead and relatives claimed his
body.

-But they seemed to be in a great hurry
as they took the body outdoors. Curious
detectives followed them. They put the
body into an ambulance and it raced
away.

Swiftly a squad car set off in pursuit.
It caught the ambulance a few blocks
away and halted it. Inside, the officers
found a nurse and two doctors and a huge
quantity of equipment that included a
rubber mattress filled with boiling water,

hypodermic needles, oxygen apparatus, and -

various restorative medicines.

An effort had: been planned to try to
bring the dead Devil back to life!

Grimly the officers forced the ambulance
to drive back to the jail. There they
kept the body in isolation while jail physi-
cians completed a lengthy examination
which convinced them that El Diavolo was
really done for. Only then was the body
released. The plan to resurrect the: dead
was thwarted. And El Diavolo’s reign of
‘terror was ended. ; ;

“0 ae Mere Ae Or

Kids wit

(Continued fre

Seated on an oak ta
quarters at Akron, th
only five feet four, an:
pounds, admitted he }
He ge look like ;
soun e€ one ei

* his life, al

“I didn’t mean to k
said, “but he started
said it was a stickup.
gun, and was reaching
so I shot him—but I m
the leg, just wound hii

When I saw what |
scared, and we turned 3
car, and after we were j
fainted. But I was all
I got home. The only
again was when I rea
eg

e ew a leg nor
nearby chair, pen. Me it
T wonder what the

this,” he pondered, star
know what I'll get—the

care. I didn’t have any v

ow.

a at 17.

, seems that ever 5}
I've been getting balled
seem to make friends ve
home most of the time.
girls as the other fellows

; My folks made me |
o'clock, and usually wher
I had to take my sister <
quit school when I was
grade, and that’s where
should have stayed in sc

He told of getting a jc
local factories, but didn’t
quit, Murgaski couldn’t {
so he just “hung around, v
to happen.”

Admits Club |

“I was all balled up agai
I didn’t care much a
met those others guys an
not to worry about what
promised we could get
bt pr. out ae some
why we those jobs.’
This kid who was al k
roan ee he had _particip:
ub robbery, sayi » “Iwi
the gun.” rom * ©
’ However, he would ac

scribed how he and his

to rob the Krizan avo
_ We drove around Thursd
ing for a joint to heist, and
the place we went in. }
kill the guy—it was just a

pontine up again. But it’s
food time I guess I’m

_ Yankulov and Co iw
in short order. The latter, it
ascertained, was probably th:
the gang, Since, at 18, he
hardened criminal.

In the previous December
released om the Lancaster
soeing = conviction and |

in Jan >» 1943, fi
purelaries. reed : :
€ was not so shy, when :
called for him, about admittin

*


stories playing cards with the condemned men. two other

After lool
locked the
down the

Jo Swe:
his compi
“What's t
“You act

“Read

Their |
of a rece!

i , . MacArthur obtained many of his death-row S wniling

~

T)
as

Samuels

—)

Crime Reporter Charles MacArthur.

Fe

i cs 9 te

TRUE POLICE CASES, august, 1948 ii.


hier, the man-
the box office
iter. The man-
shot and killed
and sentenced

ontended that
ut insists that
circumstances
{n’t have been
n. While Bris-
ie MacArthur

elt so sorry for
al permission
‘m before the

2 experience,”
‘ly, “and one
‘t repeat that
('m the only
ond all night
ut to be exe-
men and jail

ou like and
lie in a few
gh, but there

ntly changed
were making
when he
he religion
Is assigned
played cards
‘ddie played
nzy, but he
‘s as though
everything,

in the after-
ng, hanging
n the morn-
I began to
d mistaking
me to the
at I wasn’t

ll and tele-
Springfield.
ked him to
Id him the
Ng circum-
‘ery decent
e the man.
2,’ he said,
eas was the
do in my

cell. Bris-
Is. I shook
asked me
2d to make
ng on the

n Chicago
les. They
id as many
ple would
n die was
little po-
of tickets

led my re-
Tote that
wrote, ‘I,
t to die,
eon the
1ere, smil-

ing and laughing with such inhumanity,
as you wait to watch me end my life.
You are worse criminals than any | ever
knew in Pontiac Reformatory or the
Cook County Jail.’

* “IT didn’t know whether Brisbane
would have the nerve to say all that. But
when he mounted the scaffold and the
hangman asked him if he had anything
to say, Eddie said ‘Yes!’ and delivered
the speech, which he’d memorized in the
last hour from my scribblings in pencil,
to that sstonihad crowd of people.

“I was very young then, and proud of
the speech. Eddie Brisbane delivered it
in a calm voice. But one reporter, who
was covering the execution for the Chi-
cago Tribune, was so sore that he wrote
of Brisbane, ‘He died as all murderers
die, a coward, yellow to the last.’”

The reporter who really burned u
MacArthur, though, was the correspond-
ent of the New York Sun, who was so
indignant at being insulted by the
hanged man and at Death House Charlie
for writing this speech, that he wired his
paper, “It is said that Charles Mac-
Arthur, the reporter who wrote these
words for Brisbane, won all of the con-
demned man’s money shooting craps with
him. Is it possible that MacArthur used
crooked dice?”

MacArthur says his greatest death
house beat was scored in the hanging of
Earl Dear. Ben Hecht, covering for the
Chicago rt News, and other reporters
were so startled by the appearance of a

black cat on the scaffold that they wrote
their stories about this feline omen of
evil walking around on the gibbet.

“My story was much better,” says
Charlie. “They were so interested in
watching that silly cat they didn’t notice
how embarrassed the hangman was. You
see, Earl Dear had no chin and they were
puzzled about whether the rope would
hold. They had last minute consultations
about how to string up this chinless killer,
measured him, shook their heads and
finally took a chance, praying the noose
wouldn’t slip. It didn’t. This was my story
and thanks to the black cat I had it all
b self.”

Next to his memories of his nightmar-
ish evening in the death cell with Eddie
Brisbane, the playwright says that his
strangest recollections of murderers con-
cern an ex-choir boy named Nick Piano,
and Harvey Church. He says:

“I was very fond of Mr. Piano because
he’ was merry and happy in the death
house, and sang all of the time. But I
did get the willies the night before his
execution. His large Italian family—
twenty or thirty relatives—came to bid
good-by to him in the visitors’ room.
They all kneeled down to pray for his
soul and Nick Piano sang Kipling’s poem
‘Oh, Mother of Minel’ which had been
put to music.

“T’ll never forget those sobbing women
in shawls, kneeling, their hands clasped
in prayer, as the doomed man sang:

‘If I were hanged on the highest hill,

Do you know whose love would follow
me still?

Oh, mother of mine, oh, mother of mine!’

“That was the saddest sighf, and the
most impressive, I ever saw, I think. But
the execution of Harvey Church was one
to depress a cannibal. He'd killed two
men who came to his house to sell him
a Packard. He took one down presuma-
bly to show him the cellar, and murdered
him. Then took the second one down and
shot him to death also. This all to get
the Packard.

“When Harvey was in the death house
he decided to annoy the authorities as
much as possible. He took up the Yogi
philosophy, and by thought control man-
aged to make his body rigid in a sitting
position.

“On the day of the hanging the boys
did everything. they could to make Har-
vey stand up, including burning him
with matches, but Harvey was a tough
one, and didn’t stir. He was determined
to be hanged, sitting down.

“The only thing they could do was
strap him to a chair and carry him up
the steps of the scaffold that way. And
he was a big fellow too, weighed over
200. He didn’t even straighten up when

‘they opened the trap door. A horrible

sight it was to see that body, still rigid
in a seated position, dangling from the
end of a big rope. And he was buried
that way, sitting down.”

Devil's Joke °
[Continued from page 35]

clutching a revolver. Helm stood near,
and declared he had shot Jones in self-
defense, There was no one to say him
nay, and Helm went free. Jones may be
listed somewhere between No. 8 and
No. 12 among the victims of Boone
Helm’s knife and guns.

After the Jones affair, Helm joined a
party of seven Portland men on an at-
tempted horseback journey east to Salt
Lake. Six nights out, while camped on
the Grand Ronde River, Helm decided
his companions were men of his own evil
stamp, and made them a most startling
proposition:

“The Walla Walla Indians have more
than 4,000 horses,” he mused. “Let's or-
ganize the Snakes to raid the Walla
Wallas and steal that herd. We'd split
fifty-fifty with them, and come out with
2,000 horses for ourselves.”

The other travelers were shocked at
the suggestion of such a massacre and
large-scale horse theft, and immediately
left Helm and returned to Portland.

None of them wished to travel 600
miles through wilderness with such
a dangerous character. Dr. William
Groves, one of the party, sent word to
the chief of the Walla Wallas to be on
guard against such a raid. Boone Helm
reluctantly abandoned the plan, and with
five other men continued the journey to
the east.

Six weeks later, one of the party was

found snowed in, in a cabin high in a
mountain pass. The rest were dead.
Which one survived? Boone Helm, of
course. He had sunk to the depths of
human degradation to sustain life. Not
that it bothered his sensibilities; he
proudly told his rescuers of resorting to
cannibalism after his. fellow travelers
starved, and in later years often boasted
of the gruesome affair.

Did the poor wretches die, or did the
Missouri man eater anticipate the natural
event by killing the others? Sheriff Calla-
han is inclined toward the latter view,
because later Helm boasted in a Lewiston,
Ida., bar that, “Many's the poor devil
I've killed, and the time has been that
I've been obliged to feed on some of
them.”

In Salt Lake, Helm for the first time
hired out as a murderer. He killed two
cattlemen named Alvin Sheets and Dan

‘ Blucher, then fled west. The case re-

mained a mystery for years until someone

talked. Helm was employed for the job.

by another rancher because of a feud
over grazing rights. The instigator of the
crime established an alibi at the murder
hour in a Salt Lake saloon, and was never
suspected until after his death..

y this time, Boone Helm was in his
late thirties, a sullen, boastful, intract-
able man, feared by all who knew him.
Despite his known killings and various
warrants out against him, he never used
an alias. His name and reputation were
his best armor.

He next threw his shadow over the
Montana-Idaho gold fields. In June
of 1862, he carried out the murder

_ which was a fitting climax to his career.

The leading faro expert of the town of
Florence was one “Dutch Fred” Hansen,
who enjoyed a favorable reputation
among the sporting element. He was
hailed as an honest gambler, but this was
not too great a compliment because hon-
esty at the gambling tables was necessary
to prolonged life at that time.

ven such a paragon of frontier virtues
as Dutch Fred hed enemies. One of these,
who had lost money at Hansen’s table,
filled Boone Helm with liquor and urged
him to battle the gambler. Helm, always
willing to add to his string of killings,
staggered to the faro layout, drew a re-
volver and roared a challenge to a duel.

Dutch Fred had lived by his wits for
years and was trained to think fast. While
Helm was shouting his challenge, Hansen
leaped over the table and drew a knife in
the same instant. He put the razor-keen
point to Boone Helm’s throat just below
the apple and pressed gently but firmly.
“One more word from you, Helm, and
this goes in to your backbone,” he
warned. Helm’s adam’s apple, prodded
by the knife point and by his own emo-
tions, bobbed up and down.

Bystanders leaped to take Helm’s guns
and the faro man’s knife. The weapons
were given to the bartender for safe keep-
ing, and Hansen returned to his inter-
rupted game. Helm apologized, and left
the saloon.

Two hours later he returned. Hansen
was still playing, and Helm went to the
bar. “I’m sorry about the whole thing,”
he said. “I’m leaving town. Let me have
my guns back, ‘and I'll leave without
trouble.”

87


Most state laws require that the
body of an executed criminal un-
dergo an autopsy before being re-
leased to. friends or relatives for
burial.

Occasionally such autopsies serve
a scientific purpose. But there is
another reason for them. An in-
cident which took place back in
1921 will explain what this reason

is.
The 1921 incident involved the
hanging of a gangster and took
place, appropriately enough, in the
most-glorified of all gangster cities,
Chicago. The focal point of the story
was Chicago’s Cook County Jail.
At that time, Illinois laws did not
require autopsies on the bodies of
its condemned . .. hence this tale.

URING AND FOLLOWING the
first World War, a gang chief
known: as “Il Diavola” (The
Devil) terrorized Chicago's

West Side.

He commanded a cut-throat crew
and specialized in murder-for-hire.
Now and then, he committed stick-
ups, which usually ended fatally

THE DE {
DEAT

38

for his very unfortunate victims. .

“A dead witness is no witness”
was Il Diavola’s motto.

Il Diavola was thought to be a
member of the Mafia and it was
therefore impossible to get even a
stool pigeon to speak of him, so
widely feared was the terrorist so-
ciety. ;

Lieutenant John W. Norton was
given the unenviable assignment of
bringing in I Diavola.

Norton worked in vain until June
24th, 1919, when a double killing,

bearing the earmarks of an Il Dia- |

vola job, presented him with a
meager clue.

Andy Bowman, a West Side
saloonkeeper, and Ben Wendell, one
of Bowman’s patrons, had been fa-
tally shot, and $2,200 taken from
the saloon cash register by a gang
of thugs. A neighboring shopkeeper
had jotted down the license number
of the getaway car and Norton
traced it to a mobster named Santo
Orlando.

The lead washed out, however,
for before Norton could get his
hands on Orlando, Il Diavola reach-
ed him first. A few days later, Or-
lando’s body, riddled with slugs

Los

from a sawed-off shotgun, rose to
the surface of the canal into which
it had been thrown.

Then on November ‘5th, 1919,
came another murder, Albert. Ku-
balanza, a steelworker, was shot and
killed as he sat awaiting a shave in
Capoccia’s barber shop on West 63rd
Street.

Investigation indicated that Il

. Diavola’s mob had been hired to

kill Kubalanza and: that a youth
named Tommy Errico had fingered
the contract.

Lieutenant Norton and his col-
leagues nabbed Errico and that ar-
rest led to seven others; the police
now had eight of Il Diavola’s hench-
men safely behind bars.

Of this number, a young gangster -

named Nick Viana pfoved to be a
blabbermouth and from him Norton
learned Il Diavola’s identity for the
first time.

The gang chieftain’s real name
was Salvatore Cardinella. He was
30 years old, married, the father of

six children and until now had never:

been suspected of involvement in
crime.
Norton arrested Cardinella in a

" West 22nd Street poolroom, by

ar gat flteolGar

a dillieoahnte eta

“They w
take the
of the g
he brag:
so after
the han
they ha

make su

ra


Wed. Oct. 24, p.1 (cont.)
Fate of slayers rest with jury
Arguments of counsel are being concluded
Case drawing to close and verdict is expected sometime late today
Defendants on stand

Thurs, Oct. 25, pol
Death penalty is voted for 2
Slayer of Beck found guilty in short time: Jury took but 45 minutes
to decide issue; Clark may get the chair too,
Mother is pleased
Boys gloomy as chair looms; in special cells
Both Brown and Bresette claimthey got ‘rotten deal’; Clark silent
Eat but don't sleep

Sate Oct. 27,5 Pel
May sentence five in Beck murder case next Monday
Execution date to be on Dec. 15 is belief
Judge and States Attorney confer and believe sentence can be entered

Three expect death

Mon, Oct. 29, pel (cont.)
Electric chair for 3 slayers
Dec. 15 to be date of executions; 2 get jail
Clark to be electrocuted along with Brown and Bresette in murder
All ask leniency

Wed. Dec. 5, pel
Murderers fight to escape electric chair
2 Beck slayers ask clemency; hearing called
Col. Smith told that Indian and Clark are to get chance to dodge chair

To hold trial Dec. 13

Thurs. Dec. 6, pel
Brown to appeal to governor
Executive clemency plea will be filed
Shuns parole board as ussless; will ask for clemency within a week

Has oaganized support

Tues. Dec. 11, p.1l (cont.)
Expect stay to thwart death penalty for 3 slayers
Hearing to be held before Board Thurs.
Believe date of execution will have to be reset to hold hearing
Clemency trial nears


rrr

Thurs. Dec. 13, pel (cont.)
Three slayers given hearing
Ask mercy of Parol# Board at hearing
Pots and Lee go before Pardon Board today and Beck killers seek mercy

Fri. Dec. 14 p.1 (Picture of Claud Clark)
Deny clemency to 3 slayers
Gov. Small refuses to commute sentences
Bresette, Brown, and Clark scheduled to die in electric chair at dawning
Are in death cells

Mon. Dec. 17, pele
Condemned men leave but one trace at jail
Bresette created huge "welcome" sign for second floor bull pen cells
The burials are today


| sTORY jor THE TWO MURDERS
| Crimes for w

a en RARER iis LU REROULART PIR

there arose an audible fpubmui from the ||
prisoners that rose at times to fait.
.. The execution chamber held jthe: largest
number of persons that jever wituessed a;
hanging in Cook county. j The plan of}
hanging the white men |in: pairs and the!
négro separately requi di three ‘sets of:
Jurors of twelve physicians: each. |
(Writing a letter’ to the widow of Guel-.
zOw was one'of the last jacts of Ewald |
Shiblawski. it was delivered to Mrs. Guel-(
zow at the home, where ‘phe lives with the!
fatherless baby. . Upon r ading it she burst:
into tears, '' f |
The scaffold was com leted shortly be-;
fare, 10 o’clock last night, and a few min-!
putes later#the trap and the ropes were,
tested to make sure that leverything was fn:
proper working order. Two drops of the;
trap were made and ur ropes werd;
tested. The noise made by! the trap, whic
is wide enough for the te nee f thred
men at the same time, aroysed most of the’
prisoners in the jail. f f iy tt
John H. Madigan of Washington Heights, :
a friend of Clarence. Hiller,;who was mur-i
dered by Jennings, was 8 nod

——

Spectator. Ht

He came to witness the execution of Jen-:
nings and was compelled to watchi the €X-}
ecutlons of the four white: men. — i

“T promised Hiller’s
bis. home in: Ridgeville,
notify him ‘immeflately
hanged,”’ said Madigan.
awaiting word from me.’ ae

_— eee

i. is | 143
ich the Four| White;

We e, Conde ned, i
truck farmer liv-'!

.,Men and Negr

“ murdered by 9

AY

| \Fred -W. Guelzow, Jr.,
ing near Morton Grove,

Bang’ of six young men: Oct, 20, 1911, at
Lincoln and Peterson avenues, while on His
Way'ito the Randolph gtreet market with
preduce. In addition to the four sentenced
to hang, Frank Kita and Leo Suchomski,
each 16 years old, received life sentences
for the crime. A! p }
Guezlow, who had bepn: marrted only ia
little more than a year, pleaded ‘with his
assailants to take his} valuables, but ‘to
spare his life for the sake of his wife and
baby. The men gave nm need to his pleads.
The body was found two days later when
Shiblawskt confessed the crime following
arrest of himsclf, his brother and Sommer-

v

ling while they were attempting to sell:

Gueizow’'s horses, which they stole. They
also took a silver watgh and $7 from the
hody.
The six men were found guilty of mur-
der Dec. 12 by a jury in Judge Petit’s
court. The four were sentenced to be
hanged Dee. 22, Suksequently Gov. Deneen
eTanted the men a reprieve until to-day.
Another appeal for co mutation of sen-
tence was made Wed esday, but it was
denied, :
+ Clarence Hiller, who was chief clerk of
the freight department of the Chicago,


The judge dented the right of the @t-
torneys to file a petition dr enter motion
for stay of execution until evidence was
produced showing that there was founds-
{lon for.the allegation of ihssnity. Father
Morris was put op the eta d and testided
his positive belief of this, ; but during hip
examination information ws brought that
the executions were papi 2 :

 “E gee no use in pleading for lives that
linave already -been taken,” eaid Attorney
Reid. “The state has the blood of these .
mtu; there is no further ‘use for us to
argue. I move the proceedings ‘be éropped.”’

Northup Appears Heflore Lan dle.

Assistant State's Attorney Northup; who
prosecuted Thomas Jennings for the mur-
der of Clarence Hiller, appeared in Fed~
eral Judge Landis’ court shortly bafere 10
o’clock, and outlined the contentions 6%
the part of tbe state. }

“Jennings’ attorneys 4id; not make the
contention that their client; was compelled
to give finger print evidence while to ja).
while the case was being tried In the gtate
court, nor did thoy make this palnt delese
the board of pardons, therefore they cannot
make jt in the federal court,” declared My.
Northup., a
_ Judge Landis took hig a (t in the court:
room promptly et 10 o'chock Attarpay
William G. Anderson, coupes} for Jennings.
began his arguments for bis client lmme-
diately. '

“You can rest assured that the banging
of Jennings will not go on votl) you bave
bad a chance to present argpmenis,” Judge
Landis told him.

Landis Refuses the Pies.

After Hatening to arguments for more
than an bour Judgs Lendlaj refused the
The jurist

plea for the condemned pas.
declared that the federal’ goverames; bas

no right of intervention and that the ép-

plication to his court was pol the proper

way to take the question af the sdmissl-

bility of the Anger prints ps evidence to

the United States Supreme court. Judge
Landls commented on those who enlisted

in the efforts to save the ngck of Jennuiags

at the last moment. :

“Hf it appeared that there wes & gueo-
tion involved in thie case over which the .
federal courts had any jurisdiction, eveu
though a real sitnation aroge whereby the
government could Interferd, then 3 eas's ,
aa , Seats SUT SE Ol
[Continued on Bioond Pasa)

necks of the men. Sommerling inetinctive-
ly twisted his head to ona elde as, if to
avoid th noose and be was geen to tremble
violently. ee Oe

Father Rap{nski sald a prayer to them
as they were being bound and shrouded.
Each followed bim, speaking tn audible
tones. . i

As the caps were tiod about their heada,
Schultz’ voice became louder and more

distinct. They dropped at 10:60 a. m

Doth Are Pronounced Dead.

“At 10:53 o'clock the bodies were lowered
a short distance to give the doctors @0 Op-
portunity of determining when life coased.
At 10:58 o'clock Sommeriihng was pre-
nounced dead and bis body taken down.
At 11:01 o'clock Schults was pronoupced
dead. As the bodies were, being lowared
Fathor Rapinski was askoc whether the
men had made any statement to dim.
“Yes, they gave me A Message for thelr

folks,” the priest said. ‘‘They felt that

they have made peace witb thelr Maker
and went to death with a pardoo on thelr
Mps for everybody concerned in their
prosecution and execution.”

Undertaker Claima Bodies.

The jailor was cutting dawn the body of
Schultz, the last to die, whon Joseph Jar-
gembowski, an undertaker at 1419 Hlach-
hawk street, entered the jail and claimed
the bodies on bebalt of relatives He ead
ho would take them to his place of buel-
pess with the exception of (bat of scbults.
which was taken to the bome of hie
parents. The undertaker declared that the
funerals of the men would be held Moodsy
morning at St. Stanislaus’ church Inter-
ment will be at St. Adclbert's cemetery.

Immediately after the Iart two dodles
were takeu down the trap ugain waa teal-
ed and a Dew rope put In positton for Jen-

nings.
Big Crowd Hefore Jail.

A detail of police under the commang of
Licut. Wright kept the crowds off Michi-
gan and Iiltnols streets while the exevu-
tion war in progress. About 3.§00 people
gathered In front of’ the jaii ae early as
9 o'clock. AmonEK them wefe many (rien ds
of the condemned men.

Argue as Men Are Hanged.

Attorney Frank R Reld appeared before
Judge McKinley in the Qircult court at
10 a. m. in a last vain effort to save the
four white mepb. He asked permiasion lo
fle a petition and enter @ rnotloo for stay
of execution, alleging that all four of tbe
slayers wore insane. Supporting bim were
Attorneys Ninian Welch, John R. Tyrrell
und George J. Drelshe and Fathers Joho
Morrig und Francis Repineki. both of whom
signed affidavits declaring thelr belief that
thy men were Insane.

Attorneys on both aldes — Assistest
State's Attorneys Marshall and Day for
the atate-- argued over the peUitloa trujy-
leasly while preparations fur the @xe¢u-
tlon of the men were going on io the fall
below. At 10:20 o'clock wofd was brough$
to the courtroom that the first two hed
been hanged. ae ae

*.

—_

' y -4 ‘

E ON GALLOWS

Tee ie (anes
| tdontinued from rik Page.)

) gee ‘why Sele
‘last, momen
‘United Stat
{ ‘i F
The four

and ‘he
greeted |the

‘they were t

}-shortl
| ordinary pri
occasion:
tory, of |
to be hange
of foods,

taken of the
; Reads
Chief |' De

o'clock
five’ condem

they had y cenys ‘all they

Roe rf a )
eres a a at ‘the
ge interests came in at t
.0 invoke ‘the a of the
sae Re : a. : :

; paid
Breakfast simple |
uelzow slayers arose at 7:45

erling was.the first to awaken.

j They
death watch with a cheeriul

“Qdod: morning” and inquired what time |

havy. breakfast. - nfo od
as served to the. doomed men
: They: received only.

Bon fare—coffee and rolls—the

h in the his-'
ail, it js said, that men about

¥

male

i 's <
iff the men had had any Mons

r cigarettes an

cen
‘m. i : { ;
the Death Warrants.
ty Peters shortly after 9
‘te the death chambers of the
hed murderers jand read the
hts ta them. Jennings was the
whom the warrant was) read.
ho emotion and made no com-
Peters then degcended to the

s for ray photograph

ene eemerenenet

Teo] coun
THe fou

F ig

oo

fondemned men displayed no emo-

tion and qnnounced that they were realy

lo! go th

ies entere
black bag.

A few ef the later Jailer WII) T.

heir death. '
Dal-
the execution chamber withia
lie withagew from It five ropes,

each bearing the name of one of |the five

men conde
he took
the Shitla
The ji
of the: Shi
COW. TES
AL i. Mes
son, T]},
George OU.
ThaoR: Voit
Creorge J 4
Charles f.

c+

Per
Those lan
Sommer}in
Jonis ©.

}
han,

Bienet, oO,

mned to be hanged. From these
ne ropes to ‘be used in hanging
wski brothers.

ry of physicians fot the execution

WawskL brothers. Were:

igs. R. D, Stntzel,
pve, Roblu- Daniel FE. Egan.
ALC. Koathe.
tcLaughlin. George | Thilo,
Sydney: Walker.
pee Stephen EF. Donlon.
Iumiston, is ea

sonnel of Second Juary.

pointed to act at. the hanging of
g and Schultz were:.
Wo Lewke. .

ed by the .four Guelzow slayets.

pars gees tpn

{
I

Philip: Jobahuaes, W. EL USehroader,

H. A. Korine. J, K. Jamie-on,

Alfred I°.| Jdcobson, Joun Kercher,

Dr. Fletehed, ' i M,C. MeHugh,

Robert A] Amith, OR J. Breuillett.
The jury! for Jennings comprised the fol-

lowing: ’

Nicholas /Engles. John M. Jacobs,

I Or iS Cette, H. W. Lang.

Giorzse We. Korce, Frank Lydsten.

Vhitip A} Orum, Joseph Springer.

Wo Robt, ¢ Nerman Copelany

Charles 4

ohrey, Thowags A. Caries,

Manly Sheriffs Are Present.

The fdllpwing sheriffs
ties in ‘Illinois were present:

of various eoun-

!

W.oA. Mjlbhirn, Wabash. Bb. Po Wigmayer, Caas,

Mo Bristle,

W.ooM.. Whey

Ford.
John R. bleud-rson, Ken- 0. C,

Elmer J, Green, Lake,

Cofold, Putnam.
Woo Mipkin, Jasper,

ning. Moul. J, ON. Waketield, Jasper,

Other Prisoners Removed,

Shortly
In the Wa}
wing, adeo
tlons. The
in their

ifter & o'clock the 600 prisoners

1 were removed to the north
rding to the custom tn exeeu-
fall of the arop could be heard

temporary quarters, however. Soon

abitiahheedinemainy sy s- rond- =


seria es: 7 uuuptiemaseees mee _—

A tp . ] ” |

Rock Island & Pacific rajlr

seuviccia one Jennings, ike woe
» was.

i ie “filed bik his home Sept.
' Jennings was arrested near b leh
@ revolver in his Posaessipn ‘which Pacaat
ly had been discharged. and contained two
empty cartridges. ‘Hiller. was shot twice

Fing>r prints léft-on the window Bill of
the Hiller. home dy th assailant were
found to be identical with the prints of

Jennings’ fingers. His conviction was ob-
tained. Principally ;by the finger prints
which for the first 'time were put to a test
. oo State Supreme court.

® was granted /a reprieve.

& commutation of: hig roan alee ie
made last Wednesday, but was denied

een cnet ed i

‘Arraigned in Court for Making Dem-
onstration Against Hanging. _

.. “Capital punishment -ts barbara z
' brutal and should be lisse =
fe While carrying a) sign bearing the above
| ~Dscription tn large letters aad leading a
| crowd of almost ‘500 men and women
toward the county jail, where the five con-
, demned ,murderers| were executed, Isaac:
Maron, 25 years old, was arrested in South |
| Halsted street, near West 12th street, to-
| Mi The crowd was dispersed. *
Maron, who sayg! he lives at 1529 Edge-
frites avenue, was ‘charged with disorderly
Mite When he was arraigned ‘before
: pal Judge | imes in the Maxwell
etree court the charge was dismissed after
e had explained: i he intended to cause

Jail, }
ean by carrying a a!
-of that kind?" the court asked Maron. r
I don’t think capital punishment should
Sree iawaes hig oe “and I called the
er nkin
to - away with-it.” ir ae ttle
“Every man’ ids a right to expres
own opinion, but. tt is wrong for eta es
put. his opinion on“a ‘sign and parade with
pda, eathig the streets. I'll let you
e: u’ll
the like again.” 4 wien EO te
Maron promised.

Nearest Approac to Five Executions
im One Day Was Four in 1887.

_ ‘The nearest approach to five hangings ina
singlo day in Chicago was when the four
anarchists were hung, Nov.|11, 1887. The
scaffold which was used to-day was built
for that occasion. : Jt has been set up and
‘taken down for every execution since that
| time. The next hanging in point of. size
| was when the three car barn bandits paid
i the penalty for their crimes, April 22, 1904.
| The last previous to to-day.was of Andrew
| William, Oct. 22, A90u.
Chief Deputy Peters, who represented
| Sheriff! Zimmer ai} to-day’s executions, has
taken part in evéry one on the present
scaffold—forty-twq in number. ma
“The first in > which I. had a= part
was of the anarchists,’ he said to-
day during a lull in tho executions. ‘I was
forced to place the rope uround the neck
of George Engle, whom I had known since
a boy. It was a cruel experience for me,
-but the law required it. I had been one
ot his death watch the night before and
started home so as not to see the execu-
| tion, when the ‘sheriff sent for me and de-
| tailed me to do the work. Two other dep-
uties who-had been picked for the work
had weakened at the last moment.”


248 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

¥

the Alarm, the national organ of the American anarchists, the
Communist Arbe:ter-Z ettung and the Anarchist published in
Chicago. The Alarm (published fortnightly and monthly )
was printed in English, the Anarchist (monthly) and the
Arbeiter-Zeitung (daily) in German. Their combined circu-
lation in Chicago was less than 10,000.

This is a tair sample of the fuel which the Alarm kept
pouring on the smoldering fire:

Dynamite! Of all the good stuff, this is the stuff. Stuff several
pounds of this sublime stuff into an inch pipe, . . . plug up both ends,
insert a cap with a fuse attached, place this in the immediate neighborhood
of a lot of rich loaters who live by the sweat of other people’s brows, and
light the fuse. A most cheerful and gratifying result will follow. .
Dynamite is like Banquo’s ghost, it keeps on fooling around somewhere
or other in spite of his satanic majesty. A pound of this good stuff beats
a bushel of ballots ail hollow, and don’t you forget tt. Our law makers
mught as well try to sit down on a crater of a volcano or a bayonet as to
endeavor to stop the manufacture and use of dynamite. It takes more
justice and right than is contained in laws to quiet the spirit of unrest.
If workingmen would be truly free, they must learn to know why they
are slaves. They must rise above petty prejudice and learn to think.
- From thought to action is not far, and when the worker has seen the chains,
he need but look a little closer to find near at hand, the sledge with which

to shatter every link. The sledge is dynamite.

For stx months before the Haymarket Riot such articles as this
were pouring forth from the presses of the Arbetter-Z entung:

The eight-hour question is not, or at least should not be, the final end
of the present organization, but, in comparison to the present state of
things, a progress not to be overrated. But now let us consider the ques-
tion in itself. How is the eight-hour day to be brought about? Why,
the thinking workingman must see for himself, under the present power
of capital in comparison to labor, it is impossible to enforce the eight-
hour day in all branches of business, otherwise than with armed force.
With empty hands the workingmen will hardly be able to cope with the
representatives of the club, in case, after the Ist of May of this year, there
should be a general strike. Then the bosses will simply employ other
men,—so-called “scabs.” Such will always be found. The whole move-
ment then would be nothing but filling the places with new men; but if the

FRANCIS X. BUSCH 249

‘ ich will, of course, be employed, then, and only then, can you expect
*-xthorough success of the eight-hour movement. THEREFORE, WORK-
= SINGMEN, I CALL UPON YOU, ARM YOURSELVES!

_ The incessant prodding of the workers to enforce their
demands by violent means was not contined to the outpourings

of these newspapers. For months a group of openly-protessed
“anarchists had harangued and preached anarchy to the crowds

eee

of loafers in Union Square, Newberry Park and other open

_ =~ spots in Chicago. Chief among these rabble-rousers were

r= August Spies, Michael Schwab, Albert R. Parsons, Samuei
~ Fielden, Louis Engel and Adoph Fischer. None of these were
-members of the striking unions. All but Parsons were foreign-
-born; none had become naturalized. Spies was managing edi-
' tor of the Arbetter-Zeitung, Schwab its coeditor and editorial
= writer, and Fischer a contributor and stockholder. Parsons was
editor-in-chief of the Alarm; Fielding was a stockholder in the
-€ompany which controlled it and a frequent contriburor to its
= columns. Engel was the moving spirit of the Anarchist.
=~. May 1 witnessed the largest labor parade ever seen in
« Chicago up to that time; there were inflammatory placards.
= mutterings and threats a-plenty, but no open violence. Sunday
“passed peaceably, but on Monday, May 3, violence broke out
_at the struck McCormick Harvester plant when strikers gath-

pam

-ered at the gates attacked strike breakers who had been hired
: ~to take their places. A riot call brought police to the scene.

Clubs were freely used and several shots fired; one striker was

“

Killed and several wounded.

_ Before the riot both Spies and Parsons had harangued the
trikers, inciting them to direct action against the “scabs” who
Were taking the bread out of the mouths of their wives and chil-

1 HOPE IAAN ONE MEM LLY
POT Ree a:
ioe the
if brsah i
eens

-€vening an article (later proved to have been written by Spies)
“appeared in the Arberter-Z eitung:

252 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

fifty others received bullet wounds or club injuries, none of
which, however, proved fatal.

Such was the Haymarket Riot.

The excitement caused by this mass murder of seven po-
licemen can be better imagined than told. With the aid of
Pinkerton detectives, supplied and paid for by the Harvester
Company, Spies, Schwab, Engel, Fischer and Fielden were
promptly arrested. Parsons could not be located. Investigation
led to the subsequent arrest of Louis Lingg, William Seliger
and Oscar Neebe. All these, together with the absent Parsons
and Schnaubelt, were promptly indicted on May 27 by a grand
jury as accessories before the fact to the murder of Patrolman
Mathias Joseph Degan, and for general conspiracy to murder.
A number of others were arrested and indicted for inciting to
riot.

Lingg had come to America from Germany about ten
months before the Haymarket murders. He was a member of
an anarchist organization—the [nternational Arbeiter [ Work-
ingmen’s} Association—in which he was closely associated
with Spies, Schwab, Parsons, Fielden, Engel and Fischer. He
had no regular employment, but spent his time manufacturing
and experimenting with dynamite bombs. Seliger was Lingg’s
landlord and assisted him in his sinister occupation.

Neebe was a member of the International Arbeiter Asso-
ciation, a small stockholder in the Arberter-Zeitung, and next
to Schwab and Spies the most active man in its management.

Schnaubelt was also a member of the International Ar-
beiter Association and participated actively in the arrange-
ments for the Haymarket meeting. Some witnesses (contra-
dicted by others) testified that he threw the bomb.

Seliger and a number of other members of the Inter-
national Arbeiter Association, who were to a greater or !ess
extent involved in the conspiracy, testified for the State and
thereby procured immunity. Schnaubelt was never appre
hended.

FRANCIS X. BUSCH 234

>

(= quired a nation-wide reputation as a learned, wise and upright
+ judge.
oe

At the prosecutor's table sat State's Attorney Julius s.

: © Grinnell, an able and experienced trial lawyer, and his assist-
— Francis W. W anes Edmund Furthman and George C Cc.

Frain for Waukesha. Wisconsin, on his way to Canady From
his secret and safe haven he had been kept informed of the

ourse of events, and on the advice ot Captain Black, who
ssured him that his acquittal was certain, had planned to ap-
ear in the courtroom when the case was called and dramatic.

st nlay, Grinnell! was on his feet. Pointing a at the
-€tstwhile fugitive, he shouted: “I see in the courtroom Albert

. 7. Parsons, indicted for murder, and demand his immediate

" Quietly Parsons replied:
with ¢ my comrades, your Honor.’

“T present myself for triai
Just as quietly Judge Gary

fs <i followed with: “You will take your seat with the prisoners,

250 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

REVENGE! WORKINGMEN! TO ARMS!

Your masters sent out their blood-hounds—the police—they killed
six of your brothers at McCormick’s this afternoon. They killed the poor
wretches because they, like you, had courage to disobey the supreme will
of your bosses. They killed them because they dared ask for the shorten.
ing of the hours of toil. They killed them to show you “free American
citizens” that you must be satisfied and contented with whatever your

bosses condescend to allow you, or you will get killed! Tf you are
men, if you are the sons of your grandsires, who have shed their blood
to free you, then you will rise in your might Hercules, and destroy the
hideous monster that seeks to destroy you. To arms, we call you, to arms!

YOUR BROTHERS.

Twenty-five hundred copies of the article were printed in Eng-
lish and German and distributed in various parts of the city.
The following afternoon, Tuesday, May 4, handbills,
later traced to Spies and his associates, advertised a giant mass
meeting at the old Haymarket, Desplaines and Randolph
streets. These were distributed by thousands at the gates of
the McCormick and other struck plants. Of these two or three
hundred carried in bold, black type: “WORKINGMEN ARM
YOURSELVES AND APPEAR IN FULL FORCE!” At Spies’
insistence Fischer had deleted this caption from the remainder.
At 8:30 Spies, Parsons, Fielden and Rudolph Schnaubelt
mounted an empty truck wagon which stood next to the side-
walk on the east side of Desplaines Street about a hundred feet
north of Randolph. There had been a more or less continuous
drizzle, and the crowd was disappointingly smal]—probably
not more than 1,200. Spies called the meeting to order and
harangued the crowd in German for some twenty minutes, bit:
terly assailing McCormick “for the murder of our brothers.
There were cries of “Hang McCormick!” from some of the
more excitable members of the audience. Parsons followed.
speaking in English. His language was even stronger than that
of Spies: “It behooves you . . . if you don’t want to see { your
wives and children} perish with hunger, killed or cut down
like dogs in the street, Americans, in the interest of your lib-

FRANCIS X. BUSCH 251

and your independence, to arm, to arm yourselves.”

- . When Parsons left off, Fielden took over. It was nearing
0:30 P.M. and about three-fourths of the crowd had left.
“The law ts your enemy,” cried Fielden. “We are rebels
against it. The law is only framed for those who are your en-
sslavers.” (Cries of “That is true” from the crowd.) Fielden
continued:

ede hk, oe
TARTAR ene yl past att abit)

~~ Men in their blind rage attacked the McCormick factory and were
ot down in cold blood. . . . the law came to his defense: and [Mc-
-=€ormick]} was a large property owner, therefore when McCormick under-
took to do some injury to the interest of those who had no property the
= law also came to his . and not to the workingman’s defense when
»=3McCormick attacked him and his living. [Cries of “No.”} There is the
= difference. The law makes no distinctions. A million men own ail the
“=ptoperty in this country. The law has no use for the other fifty-four

He ‘milion. [Chorus of cries: “That's right enough, that’s right enough.’’}.

> . Any animal, however loathsome, will resist when stepped upon.
Are men less than snails and worms? TI have some resistance in me:
= T know that you have too; you have been robbed, and you will be starved
= into a worse condition.

: It was at this juncture that a small army of police—180,
according to the later evidence—burst upon the scene, led by
“Captains Bonfield and Ward. The latter ordered the crowd to
‘disperse. Fielden attempted to argue. The captain’s demands
~ Stew sterner and louder. Fielden, Spies, Parsons and some
others unidentified started to climb down from the wagon.
At this moment a dynamite bomb, thrown from the crowd,
inded and exploded among the crowded police cordon. A
<tusillade of revolver shots followed—the number estimated
2 later by witnesses as between seven y-five and a hundred. They

= ame both from the crowd and from the police. The police
sed ranks and charged and scattered the now screaming
mob. When order was restored and accounting had of the
sualties, one policeman had been killed, six others fatally
‘ounded and seventy injured. One of the crowd —a harmless
ectator—was hit and fatally wounded by a police bullet:


a ere te vs . rh
hE oy i eee hc Me Oe ae veg Coe eo ie ‘i
+ ea "a a a MT date: Sass, CT aes Me ee Pe eee ds » % ; i
aya ay ee pe he Sa e Se gee RR a iia ee hip, Calle 2 ye :
‘ SS RR Be PM ee Lek es Pee, eae
$ ae A a tte bay, % "ie ta, RY a i Heh des on, Ree ales a haa PRM He Gash, sy i A
aor 3S "Ry a ae i ’ as

ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL, Vole

ans . i
‘ A Tr f mn 7 , ROA
t Spies FavsonsS, riscpney and enae }
id lead siete he ;
t
®

THE HAYMARKIET RIOT AND THE

; TRIAL OF THE ANARCHISTS
By FRANCIS X. BuscHy

a eee

AY FIRST has long been a dav on which to anticipate

trouble. As for Many years past, thousands of discon-
tented \.orkers and unemployed still parade the streets of
European and American cities on that day, either to show their
strength or to protest ayainst real or fancied grievances.

On Saturday, May 1, 1886 in Chicaro the grievances of
labor were not imaginary. Times were none too good. Labor,
skilled and unskilled, was overworked and underpaid. Work-
ets in the stockyards, industrial plants and the smaller sweat-
shops labored from ten to sixteen hours daily. The wages of
these untortunates were far from sufficient to provide a sani-
ary place in which to live, and decent food and clothing.
There was no added pay for overtime, no paid holidays or any
of the modern “fringe benefits.”

This May Day found thousands on strike and many more
thousands, discontented and sullen, threatening walkouts. The
workers’ cry for an eight-hour day—with ten hours’ pay for
the eight hours—had been taken up by the radical newspapers:

Francis X. Busch, Chicago attorney and dean emeritus of the |

De Paul University law school, delivered this address before the |
i Illinois State Historical Society at Jacksonville last May 14. He is |
|

|

a

fie.

' the author of In and Out of Court (1942), Law and Tactics

in Jury
y Trials (1948) and Enemies of the State (1954).

247

8, 1955 (A utumn,

ES

SST ss

ate

See RRS 2


going to put the rap on me, are you? I
didn’t do the shooting.”

“You're in just as bad a jam as if you
did shoot Kurbalano.”

“Yeh, but how about the other guys?
I ain’t going to take the murder rap.”

Just what I wanted! I demanded the
names of ‘‘the other guys,” telling Errico
that if he didn’t name them he’d have to
take full responsibility for the murder.

“Campioni and Sansoni,” Errico re-
plied.

He said Campioni lived on W. Twenty-
fourth street, and that Sansoni usually
lived there. They had rooms on the
ground floor. A family named Russo
lived on the second floor of the two-story
house, he said.

The squad prepared for battle. At the
bureau we fitted up our car with rifles,
shotguns, extra pistols and plenty of am-

the young man was
and admitted he was

$s on him and rushed
avenue police station.
\ing definite on Errico,
-made theory on him
him in the lockup.
there was easy dough
1 room,” I said. “You
hen you went out there
You looked the place
y night to make sure
‘formed coppers in the
was nearby. You gave
ind they stuck up the
arbalano. You'd better

be tough for a few
weakened and his eyes

t it,” he said. ‘Who's
you? Say, you ain’t

TLING DETECTIVE ADVENTURES

Trapped in the roundup of the Devil’s mob, Nicholas Viana,
upper photo, and Frank Campioni were sentenced to the gallows
in the old Cook county jail, at right, but not before they had
put the finger on their criminal mentor.

munition. Experience had taught me
there is likely to be a lot of fireworks in
an attempt to seize young Sicilian stickup
men who are in a bad jam. In the dark-
ness of early evening we approached the
designated house.

Sergeants Joe McGuire and Knowles
took position at the front of the house,
crouching near the front door and careful
lest their shadows fall on the drawn blinds
of a front window behind which was dim
light.

I went to the rear with Sergeants Phil
Carroll, Patrick Alcock and John Norton.
We found that blinds were drawn over a
rear window. It was agreed that we at
the rear were to make the first break to
get into the house.

I went up the little stairway silently
and tried the door while I held my pistol
ready in my coat pocket. I tried the door
but it was locked. Then I took a slip of
paper from my left-hand pocket and
rapped on the door.

After a few minutes the door was

i.e

opened about a half-inch and a woman’s
voice demanded: “What you want?”

“I’m a police officer,” I said. “I have
a warrant for a man named Russo.”

The door opened wider and a dark-
haired woman looked out.

“Oh,” she said. “Russo lives upstairs.
Not here.”

I jerked out my pistol and jammed my
shoulder against the door and forced it
open. I darted in and the squadmen
rushed in behind me with guns ready.

We ran through the kitchen and into
a dark living room. Ahead of us we saw
the half-open door of a lighted bedroom.
I darted into it, swinging the door open
wide and holding my .38 ready. Two
startled young men faced me, one stand-
ing before the dresser, the other sitting
on the bed drawing on a sock.

“Stick ‘em up!” I commanded. The
amazed young men slowly did so as they
faced first our three pistols and a shot-
gun, and then the added armament of

[Continued on page 61]

oH
KS
j :
#
4
A

et hl ge

+ reg a eure

23


SORA ole rl Scala ace abale lla a RRMRMRRINR

hair
6)

sentiment.
ents, repre-
e, certainly
t, law-abid-
ry possible
le criminal

|

f many
fringe of
espicable
t supply
8, realiz-
guns will

uld have
ot down
s of the
3 guns to
esperado

ecently, in
yangs,

y pur-
danies
uplete and
lace where
Machine
ept out of

se lines
HyOY as
e detec-
TECTIVE
1 my fa-
and it’s

cover.
-I wish
illinger,
tory. I
*t some-
'd cases.
1\s, too.

. Ga.

‘quest, we
volved the
etheart, a
ina in the

in recent
. new and
constantly
4 ally claim
se racket-
rld of the
o enforce
trong arm
s, by the
force

wild

There is only one way for business men
to stop this growing menace. That is
to join together, to enlist the aid of au-
thorities, and to follow through with
fearless testimony when racketeers are
brought to trial. It means a battle, but
there is no other way to bring the rackets
to a halt.

Can’t Improve SDA—

Dear Chief:

I have just finished reading Feb-
ruary SDA. Will say I believe it
gets better with each issue, if that
is possible. I like it because nearly
all cases are finished in one number.
Some of the other books run stories
that are drawn out for months. In
the February book I liked “The
Black Traffic in White Slaves Below
the Rio Grande.” Such as that
should be cleaned up.... In answer
to your question, I believe prisoners
in penal institutions are treated too
well and pampered too much. I can
think of no way to improve on your
magazine.—G. B. Woodworth, Fin-
gerprint Expert, Danville, Il,

Paroles And Prison Breaks—

Corer your bread upon the waters and

it will return—bearing automatics.
That, to paraphrase the’ familiar quo-
tation, is exactly what happened to mem-

‘Ca pturing Chicago’s Crime

[Continued from page 23)

Knowles and McGuire, who had rushed
in from the front, crashing the door open,
when they heard us break in from the
rear.

“Put the rods down, will ya?” one of
the young men said. ‘“What’s the idea?”

But we kept our guns ready while we
handcuffed the pair after letting them
finish dressing. Both were swarthy, ap-
parently Sicilians.

One identified himself as Tony San-
soni, 18 years old, the other as Nick
Viana, also 18.

“We're taking you two for a little
ride,” I said. “We're police officers.”

Knowles found a loaded .38 in a dresser
drawer and I -found a loaded .45 auto-
matic in a pair of trousers on the bed.
We searched the house and found five
more pistols, a half-dozen boxes of car-
tridges, two stilettos, two broad-blade
daggers, two pairs of handcuffs and sev-
eral short lengths of window sash rope.
There was no doubt in my mind then that
we had found a headquarters for one
of the worst stickup mobs of the area!
I figured there was a chance we had
solved a whole crime wave.

Rounding Up The Mob

WE GRILLED the two new prison-
ers all night, concentrating on the
poolroom murder but trying also to get
admissions of other crimes. By morning
we had some results, for Sansoni, like
Errico, mentioned “other guys.” He

bers of California’s State Board of Prison
Terms and Paroles on January 16. For
on that date, meeting at San Quentin, the
board was kidnaped by a quartet of des-
perate convicts who carried automatics
supplied by another convict whom the
board had paroled last October!

That, to our way of thinking, is one of
the most powerful arguments against the
present parole system that we have ever
heard. Details of the sensational kid-
naping and prison break will be found in
a dramatic story in this issue.

Nelson Was Paroled!—

Lee a bit more into the
parole question, it is revealed
that Lester Gillis, more notoriously °
known as George “Baby Face”
Nelson, was twice granted freedom
on parole!

Nelson, it will be recalled, shot and
killed three federal agents in the few
months before his worthless life was
forfeited in a gun battle with G-men
near Chicago.

And that example of the amazing
inefficiency of our present parole
system certainly speaks for itself!

PG ARS

Master.

named them as Campioni and a friend
whom he called “Joe” and gave their
addresses, likewise in the Twenty-second
Street district.

Two bureau squads went out that
morning and located and seized the two
named and brought them to us at Hud-
son avenue. From them we got another
name and address, after long question-
ing, and a squad seized Leonardo Crapo
» Pag home. He was a Sicilian, 20 years
old. i

We soon found that Crapo apparently
had something on his mind. We concen-
trated on him. Knowles would grill him
angrily and then I would go to Crapo
and talk kindly to him.

“Tommy Errico said you killed Kurba-
lano in the pool room,” I said to Crapo.

“That’s a lie,” Crapo snapped. “I was
there, but it was Campioni that did the
shooting.”

One murderer named! I reviewed in
my mind other recent crimes.

“But you shot Bowman in the saloon
stickup,” I said.

“All right, you know, then. That guy
Bowman was a fool. We knew he had
the money. We didn’t want to kill him.
I guess he thought I was slow with my
rod. He threw the glass at me, but I
put one in him quick.”

“And then you killed Wendell, Bow-
man’s friend, in the saloon.”

“Who told you that? I didn’t shoot
the other guy. Tommy Errico and Nick
Viana got that guy.”

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61


APTAIN |
EL GRADY

Above)...
Told To
T FAHERTY

PLING DETECTIVE

Police were helpless as death
and banditry held south'side
Chicago in terror’s grip;/but
furtive whisfors of a dread
figure called *‘The /Deyil’’
enabled them to smash a
crime ring and trapa sinis-
ter master crook.

Shielding his identity by grim repri
ruled Chicago’s south side. Above,

Sicilian “Black Hand” killings occurred
in two weeks. I heard then of the ex-
istence of The Devil. A Sicilian child
repeated Italian words of his elder when
at play, and they were repeated to me by
the father of an American child who had
heard them.

“The Devil hungers for money and
sends others out to kill to get money for
him,” the child said.

Then two daring crimes occurred
which were to put me on the trail of the
arch-criminal !

Andrew Bowman had $3,000 in his
saloon at 447 W. Twenty-second to cash
checks of payroll workers on a Saturday
afternoon. As Benjamin Wendell, an
electrician, was chatting with Bowman,
four dark youths entered and covered the
pair with pistols and demanded the
money. Bowman hurled a beer stein at

ADVENTURES

Fey

oe
pt Bonu ARS AEH

two policemen were mowed down.

the bandit leader and darted for his pistol
behind the bar, as Wendell sprang at one
of the robbers.

There were instantaneous shots from
the bandits’ guns and the acrid odor of
gunpowder mingled with the smell of
beer. Bowman fell dead behind the bar,
shot through the heart. Wendell dropped,
dying, with two bullets in the head. The
bandits seized the $3,000 and escaped.

The Man In Skirts

W HILE I was working with the
homicide squad on that case the de-
tective bureau received a flash that there
was a dead woman inan automobile in the
drainage canal near Lemont, IIl., south-
west of Chicago. I rushed to the scene
with other detectives and we saw a body
in a woman’s dress lodged between the

sals upon informers, the master criminal (insert) known as “The Devil,”
the corner of 22nd and Wentworth, center of the Devil’s activities where

top of a partly submerged automobile and
the bank.

We dragged the body out and ex-
amined it. I removed a woman’s hat
jammed tightly down on the head and
saw close-cropped dark hair and then
heavy beard-roots. There were men’s
trousers beneath the skirt. This supposed
woman was really a young man, and the
semblance of accidental death was re-
futed by five bullet wounds in the head!

I traced the license number of the car’s
tag. It was registered in the name of
Santo Orlando, from a West Twenty-
third street address. Relatives identified
the body as that of Orlando, but at that
point the relatives ceased to talk and our
efforts to solve the murder were hindered
by the code of silence.

We did learn that Orlando often had
been in company of an older man de-

21

scribed as bulky and strong and evil-
looking. We theorized that the youth
was a criminal, and I had a hunch his
mysterious companion, of whom we
could not then find a trace, was the
legendary “Il Diavolo.”

Soon afterward there occurred another
murder of an Italian. I got the flash at
the bureau at night and rushed to the

scene with the night detail of the homi-"~

cide squad, to a pool room at 4420 W.
Sixty-third street.

There we found the body of Albert
Kurbalano, the proprietor, on the floor,
and a dozen young men staring at it.
They told us that three strange young
men had invaded the pool room and stuck
up a dice game, seizing $200 from a pool
table used for the game and taking $200
more from the players. Kurbalano had
been excited and failed to keep his hands
up during the robbery and one bandit
had shot him three times at point-blank
range, killing him instantly. The robber
then searched the dead man’s pockets,
taking a roll of bills and the trio fled.

Quiz Holdup Victims

ERGEANT WILLIAM KNOWLES

and I rounded up other participants
in the dice game from the outside. We
questioned them and all agreed that the
robbers had looked like Italians, The
nearest colony of Italians then was lo-
cated near Paulina and Sixty-ninth
streets, some distance away. I figured
the robbers most likely were Sicilians—
from the nearest colony of that group.
Twenty-second street. And I reasoned
that one of the stickup mob must have
been in the pool room before to “case” it.

I questioned the dice players about pos-
sible visits to the pool room by a strange
Sicilian. They promised to notify me at
the bureau if any lead of that sort de-
veloped. The next day one of the players
phoned to me at the bureau and said he
had a line on a young Sicilian who had
been in the pool room.

Sergeant Phil Carroll and I rushed out
there and learned the mysterious
stranger’s name was Tommy Errico and
that he had lived in the neighborhood. At
his rooming house I was told by the land-
lady that Errico had lived there only two
weeks and had departed the day of the
pool room murder. A live lead! I
figured there was a strong chance Errico
had cased the pool room for the robbery.

I searched the room he had occupied
and found a crumpled envelope on the
floor behind the dresser, It bore the
name of Tommy Errico and an address
near the corner of Twenty-third place
and Wentworth avenue. Carroll and I
treasured that envelope. It pointed to a
lead on one criminal in the area which
might hold the secret of the murders of
Bowman and Wendell and the mysterious
death of Santo Orlando.

Orlando’s death had been to me a chal-
lenging riddle uppermost in my mind
during the days after we found the dis-
guised youth slain in the canal. As our
squad car sped northeast from the room-
ing house to the distant Sicilian quarter
I hoped our quest of Errico would lead

22

DEVIL’S DEN
From this poolhall on
West 22nd place the
Devil directed his cam-
paign of terror.

toward an explanation of the mystery of
Orlando.

We left the car a block from Errico’s
address and slipped up to the house pre-
pared for action, our police .38’s ready.
I went to the front door and was sur-
prised to find that it opened with a turn
of the knob. I slipped into the dark
house, tiptoed through a hall and saw a
shaft of light from a nearly closed door.
I crept up to the door, flung it open and
sprang into the room,

The First Arrest

SWARTHY young man was sitting
onabed. He jumped up and started
for the dresser on which there was a
loaded .38.
“Don’t move or I'll kill you,” I snapped.
He stopped and put up his hands.
By this time, Carroll, who had forced
the rear door of the house, was at my side.

Facing our guns, the young man was
tough but terrified and admitted he was
Tommy Errico.

We put handcuffs on him and rushed
him to the Hudson avenue police station.
Though I had nothing definite on Errico,
I used my ready-made theory on him
when I questioned him in the lockup.

“You had a tip there was easy dough
at Kurbalano’s pool room,” I said. “You
cased the place. Then you went out there
and hung around. You looked the place
over last Saturday night to make sure
there were no uniformed coppers in the
street. The mob was nearby. You gave
them the signal and they stuck up the
place and killed Kurbalano, You'd better
talk, plenty.”

Errico tried to be tough for a few
minutes. Then he weakened and his eyes
showed fear.

“Sarge, you got it,” he said. “Who's
been singing to you? Say, you ain’t

STARTLING DETECTIVE

going to put th
didn’t do the sh

“You're in jr
did shoot Kurb:

“Yeh, but he
I ain’t going to

Just what I)
names of ‘‘the «
that if he didn’
take full respon

“Campioni a
plied.

He said Cam)
fourth street, ;
lived there.
ground floor.
lived on the sec
house, he said.

The squad pr
bureau we fitte
shotguns, extra

y

Trapped
upper ph
in the o!

ADVENTUR


CARDI NELLA, CONSTANZO & FERRERS, Whites, hanged Chicago 4

/15/1921;

CAMPIONE,.Frank, hanged Chicago; 10/14/1920; VIANA, Nicholas,
hangeé Chicago, Ill., 12/10/1920; and LOPEZ,

hanged Chicago, Ill., July 8, 1921,

Pa

The swarthy, glistening moon-
face of “Il Diavolo” was un-
known to police while they
sought to solve crime after
crime directed by his evil brain.
But his last plot was foiled

BIZARRE

AM
4 Ane

Anotion, white,

Mohad not heard of him, the
one they eatled “TL Dinvoto”™
the devil

We had seen the results of
his handiwork, in the jnils, in the moreue,
in the white faces of men and women
Whose dast few dollirs had been stolen
from them. But we did not. eness the
single directing foree of evil behind the
crimes whieh had thrown Chicago into
dismay. For “Tl Diavolo” had stayed
within the shadows,

But a wild) surmise—a feeling that
there had to be some such being—came
to me the morning of the first. murder.

It was Spring, that morning. Late
June, and warm, with a gusty breeze
that flipped papers along the sidewalks.
Not the sort of morning one goes oul
looking for murder. But death, sudden
and shocking, came that day.

In the swingine-door saloon at 447
West 22nd Street, Benjamin Wendel,
an cleetrician, lenned against. the bar,
The June breeze sifted in through the
swinging door, stirred sawdust. on the
floor, Wendel oa red musingly at the
stein of beer before him.

He heard footsieps, glanced up casu-
ally. Andrew P. Bowman, operator of
the establishment, came in through the
doors. Tightly clutched under one arm
he carried a small black satchel. Wendel
grinned. “Hope you left the bank a few
dollars, Andy,” he said.

Bowman hurried behind the bar. He
opened up the satchel and removed sey-
eral bundles of — greenbacks. “Only
$2,300,” he said. “I let the teller off
easy this time.”

Wendel looked at the big clock over
the bar. It was a quarter to twelve.

“Quarter hour more and you'll hear the
factory whistles blowing the lunch hour,”
he commented.

“Yeah,” Bowman said. “Then the

s

ua


ed into
ae pres-
ted him
hly. On
business

afia had .

relatives
ned the
t and to
> decent
»y were
Jiavola’s
Viana as

imate of
npressed
Although

d to die, -

still a
> reckon-

cated his
.eim—and
dary, jail
of nitro-
cell —
up.
over the
ed and no
e had
\ first

avola did
‘-haracter:
ce. It was
ise of my
1antle of
easy gar-
ybust man
he looked
ught him,
enough to
is that he
orge him-

Sardinella,

ige height, °

sorhood of
ost weight
en pounds
suary ‘and
the doom-
reature of
unt, bony

scheduled
cution. All
ternoon he
lis custom-

o spent the
ilted with
id Deputy
e probable
ar’s lack of
vaiting him
some dark
brewing in
i he at last
submission

iella’s wife

bid him
inten-
ricularly

concerned,
them dry-

eyed and when he kissed his wife
goodbye it was with no more fervor
than if he was leaving her at some
street corner, to see her again within
the hour. '

Nine o’clock. Cardinella’s last
meal was brought to him but he
touched not a particle of it; although
he had eaten nothing ‘for more than
24 hours. H

Ten o’clock. Two priests visited
Cardinella’s cell, to hear his confes-
sion, offer him communion and ad-
minister the last rites of the church.
Cardinella participated in the ritual,
but listlessly, and with a boredom
hardly characteristic of even an ir-
religious man anticipating death.

Warden Meisterheim and Lieuten-
ant Norton got worried. They
checked and rechecked the secur-

‘ity measures planned for the execu-

tion but found nothing amiss.
Ten-forty. Warden Meisterheim

stood outside Il Diavola’s cell and

read him the death warrant, in an-
swer to which the condemned mur-
derer said nothing.

Ten-fifty. Two guards entered
Cardinella’s cell with the idea of
binding his hands behind his: back
and leading him forth to the gal-
lows. Now his reactions were more
in keeping with what was expected
of him. He screamed and fought
with the guards, but weakly. His
principal defense was to fall to the
floor. The guards lifted him but he
refused to. walk. (hen, after tying
his hands, the guards resorted to an
expedient usual in such circum-
stances: they placed him in a chair,
and carried him, chair and all, out
to the scaffold. If this was all the
resistance to death Il Diavola could
offer, then Warden Meisterheim and
Lieutenant Norton felt somewhat
relieved.

Beneath the gallows, Cardinella
refused to stand. Happily, the trap
was large enough to accommodate
both the chair and its occupant. Thus
the condemned man, still seated,
was moved into position and the
noose placed about his neck.

At the warden’s signal, the execu-
tioner jerked a lever, the trap open-
ed and the chair and Cardinella fell
through. The chair crashed to the
floor beneath the scaffold but Il
Diavola was left dangling from the
rope.

This was it. If Cardinella was not
already dead, he soon would be.
Lieutenant Norton was wholly with-
out apprehension for the first time
in hours. i

Then, in the distance, sounded the

- ringing of a telephone. A door open-

ed and closed, footsteps neared and
Deputy Warden Peters touched Nor-
ton’s elbow.

“Lieutenant, the phone’s for you.
Man says it’s urgent—matter of life
or death—hurry!” -

As Norton left the execution
chamber, a backward glance told

him that a committee of medical
men were already moving toward
the scaffold to pronounce Cardinella
dead. ,

The lieutenant’s caller had amaz-
ing news for him—amazing, and yet
so convincing that he accepted it
without question. For what Norton
heard over the wire explained sev-
eral of the my$teries which had be-
sieged him during the last four
months, including the last few
hours.

“Thanks!” he said, and that was
all, for it was useless to ask his
caller’s name. He dropped the phone
and ran back to where guards, hav-
ing cut down the body of Il Diavola,
were rolling it out to the anteroom.

Norton pushed through a_ door
and came upon a scene’ similar to
that which had followed Nick
Viana’s hanging.

Moreover, certain of the actors
participating in the earlier tableau
were present, including the under-
taker and the dark, furtive men who
were representatives of the body’s
claimants.

A sheet-lined basket stood open
to receive the corpse, a hearse wait-
ed outside ahd all concerned seem-
ed in a terrible hurry to collect their
grim burden and make off with it
in the hearse. :

“Hold it, boys,” commanded Nor-
ton, and pulled his gun. Then he
turned to Dr. Francis McNamara,
the chief jail physician, and asked,
“Cardinella dead?”

“Certainly, he was hanged.” '

“Neck broken?”

Dr. McNamara hesitated. ‘“Well—
no. But he was strangled.”

“Any chance of reviving him?”
“Er, yes .. . with the proper
equipment and if it’s done within
the next few minutes. Would-be
suicides by hanging have been re-
vived, although I’ve never heard of
such a thing with a man officially
executed.”

“The next-few minutes, eh?” said
Norton. “Then let’s wait at least
an hour before we release the body
to these mobsters.” He glanced to-
ward Meisterheim. “I just got a tip
over the phone, Warden. Back in
December, I’m told, Nick Viana’s
body was claimed just so it could
be experimented with, in anticipa-
tion of what would happen tonight.
Also in anticipation of his execu-
tion, Cardinella starved himself to
make his body lighter; less jerk on
the rope, less chance of breaking

his neck. And the chair he tricked

the guards into using—that, too, was
an act. Seated with the noose about
his neck, he had a shorter distance
to fall than he would have had
standing. Shorter maybe by a foot
and a half. I don’t know who phoned
me but they said that if Cardinella’s

. friends succeeded in _resuscitating:

him, that Cardinella had sworn to
wipe out Viana’s whole family. And

Frank Gibbia: he was alleged trigger-
man in gang slaying of Santo Orlando.

they also told me... '

As he spoke, Norton pushed past
the claimants for Il Diavola’s body
and ripped out the sheet lining of
the undertaker’s basket, revealing
a layer of hot water bottles.

Then he stepped from the building
and threw open the doors of the
hearse, surprising a doctor and a
nurse crouched within.

Indeed, on further examination,
the hearse proved to be a veritable
hospital on wheels, equipped with

blankets, an electrically heated mat-.

tress, a pulmotor, a tank of oxygen
and a chest of heart-stimulant

’ drugs.

Naturally enough, it was not un-
til the following morning that War-
den Meisterheim saw fit to release

. Il Diavola’s body, by which time

rigor mortis—and eternal irrevocable
death—had long since set in.

Subsequently, in a statement to
the néwspapers, the warden and
Dr.~ McNamara gave Lieutenant
Norton full credit for having de-
feated one of the most remarkable
plots ever attempted to revive a
man whose life had been decreed
forfeit by society.

But the newspapers didn’t permit
fhe matter to rest there: they advo-
cated that measures be taken which
would insure no repetition of the Il
Diavola incident.

A little later, laws came into be-
ing which required that the bodies
of executed criminals be subjected
to autopsy—and surely no one has
ever survived, or could possibly
survive, such an ordeal. In the most
elementary and basic of autopsies,
the abdominal and pulmonary cav-
ities are opened, the heart exposed,
and then the top of the skull—the
cranial vault—is sawed off.

THE END
41


a

the

iO—

ts of
rue,
omen
-tolen
~ the

i the |

into
taved

that
“Comme
arder,

Late
reeze
walks.
‘'s out
udden

t 447
endel,

bar.
ch the
nthe
it’ the

casu-
or of
th the
arm
Yendel
a few

r. He
ds sev-
“Only
ler off

. over
elve.

sar the
hour,”

n the

bovs'll be rushing in here to cash their
checks. I always try to time myself
pretty close coming back from the bank.
Don’t like to keep this much money on
hand very long. ‘loo many stickups.”

He turned to the bartender. “You
ean go to lunch now,” he suggested. Then
tying an apron around his waist, he took
his assistant’s place behind the bar.

Wendel called for a second beer. As
Bowman handed back the stein, the
swinging doors parted.

Into the saloon—in silence—came six
vouths. Their faces were tight set, their
eves piercing.

Simultaneously, the six whipped out
revolvers.

“No monkey business now,” one of
them snapped, addressing the saloon
owner, “You've got a lot of green stuff
in the box behind that bar. Fork it over
before we start shooting!”

Bowman, a man about forty-five, had
4 courageous heart. He uttered a cry
of rage.

“No dirty crooks are going tq get my
money!” he shouted.

With that, he hurled a stein in the
direction of the gunmen. Not to be out-
done, Wendel leaped from his stool and
lunged at one of the bandits.

A deafening roar followed. Bullets
spurted from the muzzles of three weap-
ons. Calmly the three other intruders
looked on, holding their fire.

Tyo shots struck Bowman in the head.
ile reeled back, then slumped over dead
behind the bar. Wendel, shot twice in
the stomach, fell beside the brass rail.
Conscious, and in agony, he saw one ol
the gunmen walk swiftly behind the
bar, step over Bowman's body and pick
up the steel box. ‘Phen, displaying
neither haste nor anxiety, the six men
stepped briskly through the swinging
doors

Several minutes elapsed before another
customer entered’ the place, saw what had
happened, and telephoned the police.

The call was promptly relayed to my
office in the Chicago Detective Bureau.
At the time I was a Lieutenant of De-
tectives and had just. been placed in
charge of the police department’s first
homicide squad. With a half dozen of
the ace detectives of the force to aid me,
it was my new task to investigate all
murder cases. The information given
over the telephone concerning the saloon
murders was meager, but it was enough
to lead me to believe that here was my
homicide squad’s first important case. I
lost no time in getting to the place.

RRIVING there just as an ambulance
pulled up, 1 spoke briefly to the
dying Wendel and heard him gasp out
the details of the shooting. I tried to get
a description of the slayers. The elec-
trician could only murmur:

“Dark—young—ltalians .. .

His eves closed and his head fell back
on the stretcher. We placed him in the
ambulance and had him rushed to a
near-by hospital.

toing back of the bar, I examined
Bowman’s body. At my heels was Ser-
geant Michael Grady. He remarked:

“Well, Lieutenant, it looks like the
only way we're going to solve this is by
getting a confession. Those murdering
rats seem to have taken care of the
witnesses. ‘This poor chap can’t: help us
any and it doesn't look like the other
fellow has very long to live.”

I nodded soberly. his first case of the
homicide squad did promise to be a
touvh ohne to crack,

Our first step Was to canvass the
neighborhood tor persons who might «
have seen the killers enter or leave the
bar-room. As if to make amends for the

”

dearth of clues at the scene, Lady Luck
smiled on us almost’ at once.

Next door to the saloon was the large
printing plant of the Cuneo-Henneberry
Company. There we found Hazel Sulli-
van and Ann Miller, office employees.
The young women told me they had
heard the shots and on ‘looking out of
the window had seen the six youths get
into a car and drive away.

“Can you describe them?” I asked
eagerly.

“No,” Miss Sullivan replied, “we
saw only their backs. But we were sure
something was wrong so I jotted down
the license number of their ear.”

Triumphantly she handed me a slip
of paper. On it I read these figures:
“123-182”

I thanked the girls and congratulated
them on their quick thinking. I was
afraid, however, that the clue. wouldn’t
amount to much. The chances were a
thousand to one that either the car or
the license plates had been stolen. Killers
don’t drive around in automobiles that
can be traced to them.

But—lI got a shock and a thrill of hope
when I phoned the police vehicle bureau
and asked them to look up the license.
Their report was that the plates had
been issued to one Santo Orlando, 1023
Larrabee Street. I knew Orlando as a
young hoodlum and petty holdup man,
who had been arrested by the police on
several occasions. Could it be, I. won-
dered, that he had suddenly become so
bold or so foolish. as to drive his own
car ona “job” of holdup and murder?

My squad chauffeur pushed the ac-
celerator to the floor as we headed for
Orlando’s home. And in the back yard,
there, the first thing that greeted our eyes
was his car with the license number the
girls had noted at the murder scene. I
put my hand to the motor and found it

BY JOHN W. NORTON
Former Chicago Chief
of Detectives

As told to
JOHN JAY

45


Salvatore Cardinella: as “Il Diavolo” he terrorized Chicago’s West Side.
(R.) Nicholas Viana was stool pigeon who told police The Devil's true identity.

knocking him down and relieving
him of the gun he attempted to bring
into play.

En route to a station house, Car-
dinella made a break for it and
Norton found it necessary to floor
him once more; it was apparent that

the gang chief would do anything to_

escape. :

The district attorney decided to
try the Cardinella mob for the Bow-
man stickup killing, rather than the
Kubalanza job, since in the former
case motive could be mofe clearly
shown.

The nine went on trial and were
found guilty. Six received -death
sentences, three received terms of
life imprisonment.

Among those slated for the gal-
lows were Nick Viana and, of course,
Salvatore “Il Diavola’ Cardinella.

Viana accepted sentence fatalis-
tically. But not Cardinella.

“They will never take the life of
the great-Il Diavola,” he bragged.
“J am not yet ready to meet my
‘namesake.” ‘

In the condemned cells of the
Cook County Jail, where the hang-
ings were scheduled to take place,
Cardinella cursed. Viana. But for
Viana’s loose tongue, Cardinella
wouldn’t be in his present predica-
ment! ;

Then, utilizing certain of his hid-
den, ill-gotten assets, Cardinella in-
structed his attorneys to file an
appeal.

The filing won him a stay of exe-

cution, which meant that even if his _

appeal failed, he would not be
hanged until quite a while after his
condemned cohorts had trod the
-scaffold and felt the rope.

Meanwhile, he was visited fre-
quently in his cell by a number of
dark, furtive men, who represented
themselves as his “relatives,” but
a shotgun wound through the head.
40

~

- who were believed by the jail au-

thorities to be Mafia members.

By December, 1920, four of the
six condemned Bowman murderers
had been executed and now came
Nick Viana’s turn.

“J die happy,” said Viana, when
they led him down the corridor
leading to the scaffold, “knowing
that’ Il Diavola will soon share my
fate.”

“Dog! Squealer!” shouted Car-
dinella and beat on the bars. “You
should be hung not once but a hun-
dred times, Viana—squealers deserve
eternal torture!”

Present at the Viana execution
was Lieutenant Norton, a frequent
visitor to the jail. He remained
after the body had been cut down

-' and followed along when it was

wheeled into an anteroom to be
claimed by relatives and picked up
by an undertaker.

The claimants were already on
hand, with a hearse waiting outside.
To Norton, Viana’s relatives looked
very much like some of the rela-
tives who had called on Il Diavola
in his cell—a matter of considerable
wonderment. And to increase Nor-
ton’s wonderment was the speed

with which the men worked once’

Viana’s body was turned over to
them. They tumbled it into the un-
dertaker’s basket, rushed it out to
the hearse and sped off.

A few days after Viana’s execu-
tion, the Supreme Court denied Car-
dinella’s appeal and his hanging was
set for four months later, on April
15th, 1921.

The newspaper carrying this story
also carried a connected story: after
execution, Nick Viana had not been
buried. His body had been thrown
into Lake Michigan, where it had
been found floating. Curiously,
there was not only the mark of the
hangman’s noose about the neck but

Lieutenant Norton looked into
this strange situation but the pres-
sure of other duties prevented him
from investigating thoroughly. On
the face of it, the Viana business

sized up.as follows: the Mafia had .

frightened off Nick’s real relatives
and had themselves claimed the
body, merely to mutilate it and to
see’ that it did not secure decent
burial. In the doing, they were
doubtless carrying out Il Diavola’s
orders, for he had damned Viana as
a squealer.

But along with this estimate of
the matter, Norton was impressed
with a further realization. Although
behind bars and condemned to die,
Salvatore Cardinella was still a
power and would have to be reckon-
ed with accordingly. ;

The lieutenant communicated his
fears to Warden Meisterheim—and
none too soon. In mid-January, jail
guards found a quantity of nitro-
glycerine in Cardinella’s cell —

enough to blow the place up.

Thereafter, the watch over the
condemned man was doubled and no
visitor was allowed-unless he had
proper identification and would first
submit to a thorough search.

At about this time, Il Diavola did
something entirely out of character:
he went on a hunger strike. It was
in protest, he said, “‘because of my
innocence.” But the mantle of
“martyrdom” was not an easy gar-
ment for him to wear. A robust man
with a voracious appetite, he looked
longingly at the food brought him,
and while he ate only enough to
sustain life, it was obvious that he
wanted desperately to gorge him-
self.

When first arrested, Cardinella,
who was of less than average height,
had weighed in the neighborhood of
150 pounds. But now he lost weight
at the rate of about fifteen pounds
a month. January, February and
March passed. By April, the doom-
ed gang chief was a creature of
sunken cheeks and gaunt, bony
frame.

April 15th came, the scheduled
date of Il Diavola’s execution. All
morning and into the afternoon he
was quiet, with none of his custom-
ary rantings and ravings.

Lieutenant Norton, who spent the
day at the jail, consulted with
Warden: Meisterheim and Deputy
Warden Peters as to the probable
meaning of their prisoner’s lack of
revolt against the fate awaiting him
at 11 that night. Was some dark
plot or dream of rescue brewing in
Cardinella's mind, or had he at last
conditioned himself into submission
to the inevitable? .

' Kight o’clock. Cardinella’s wife
and children visited him, to bid him
farewell. While normally an inten-
sely emotional man,’ particularly
where his family was concerned,
Cardinella spoke with them dry-

eyed and
goodbye i
than if he
street cor)

the hg
@
meal
touched n
he had ea
24 hours.
Ten oc
Cardinell:
sion, offe:
minister t
Cardinell:
but listle
hardly ch
religious
Warder
ant Nor
checked ;
ity measu
tion but {
Ten-fo:
Stood out
read him
swer tov
derer sai
Ten-fif
Cardinell
binding }
and léad

. “lows. No:

in keepir
of him.
with the
principal
floor. Th:
refused t
his hand:
expedien
stances:
and carr
to the sc
resistanc:
offer, the
Lieutena
reli

B
refustu t
was larg
both the «
the conc
was mo\
noose pli

At the
tioner je
ed and t!
through.
floor be:
Diavola

“rope.

This w
already
Lieutena
out appr
in hours

Then,

- ringing c

ed and c

chamber

t

3, me

GERNER, HAUFF & THIELEN, whites, elec. IL@ (LaSalle) May 10, 1935
STATE OF ILLINOIS, |

La Salle County, leg

: I, EDW. T. RYAN, Clerk of the Circuit Court, in and for the County
of La Salle aforesaid, do certify that the within bill of indictment was, on
& the Gav Of 2 A. Do 19.2. , duly
ea in ee Court by the Grand Jury of said County, and being ex-
amined by the said Circuit Court, it was ordered by the Court that the
' same be certified by the Clerk of the Circuit Court to the County Court of

said County, for process and trial, which is done accordingly.

Witness, EDW. T. RYAN, Clerk of said Court, and the seal of said

ae be
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DALLY.

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TRIBUNE: FRIDAY. MAY 10.1935. a

~eeee hw ete 5 aoa

'5 DESPERADOES

i
j
|

l
|
|

JOE PALMER.

- RAYMOND HAMILTON.
Five murderers who were executed carly today,

Vilinois and two in Texas.
lof the slaying of a cashier while holding up 23 bank in Leonore, Ill. Ham-
ilton and Palmer were found guilty of killing a prison cuard in Texas.:

three of them :ni

; pen

,compury,

Hauff, Thielen, 2nd Gerner were convicted’ *

weapon & Se.

PUT TO DEATH
FOR MURDERS

{Continued from first pace.)

ee

“Thielen were given religious consola-
thon hy the Nev. Allgius Weir, Catho-

he «haplain.

‘| TWO TEXANS DIE IN CHAIR

— eae

Hunterville, Tex. May 19 (Fridayh—
(M—Raymond Harton, bragcart des-
perade, was electrocuted curly today
He went te the ceetre coair
at 1:19 alm. (Chieaso dayhaht time).

lie followed his partner in crime, Joe

Palmer. by only a few minutes, Palmer
was placed in the chair at 1:94 a. m.
land pronounced dead at 1:68 [Chicago
{dayight time]. ;

' }iamilton’s face was ashen as

: Me j walked the few steps to the chair from
Sentences Canadian Vet is ‘the door of the death cell, but his step

Embezzlement of $27,500 | was comparatively finn. He wae ac
‘4 Braithwaite. 3% years oid, a i companied by three Catholic priests.
Lios¢  BRen Rte ee ee “Da you have anytuing te say,

FRED GERNER.

i : we oe aoe
‘Canadian war veteran, yesterday war. Ray?'' Warden W. W. Wald aske-!: Catholic chaplain of the prison, who is

sentenced to one to ten years in the/ him.
itentiary for the embezzlement of: "To aet the Infermation—Io think it
from the Seneca Petroteum | was from the secreterv t othe guvernor
of which he Was secretary. ;—that they Wanted ss:
Judge Harry B. Miller of the Criminal | Hillsboro murder.’ the undersized biong
court imposed sentence in accordance : killer answered. “

with a verdict recertly returned by a| “TI didn’t do thi: Tidts:
The man that ha a te serge):

t taser

tet

ero murder.
Tf he

jury.

for the murder of Maj. Crowson, prison ‘

te!

t eonfess that:

—-

| SOLDIER HANGED;
| RICH WOMAN’S PLEA TO
| — KING TURNED DOWN |

' DURHAM, England. May aos
John Bainbridge, a 24 yea- old pol-
dier, was hanged today Lor murdering
a 75 year old man, whilé Mra. Violets

farts “ti i cs te Stew hap

Van Der Elst, militant opponent of } ;
\the death sentence, staged another of | |

| her anticapital punishment cemon- |
, strations outside the prison walls. H
| Mrs. Van Der Elst. tn a futile at-}
‘tempt to delay the execution, sent a!
; telegram -to King George and Queen}
‘Mary Just night requesting them to}
prevent the hanging from taking place
during jubilee week. :
+ Balnbricdge was convicted of killing -
| Edward F. Herdman. aged xolicitor’s |
{clerk, last New Year's eve tn the |
; course of a robbery. Testimony at |
‘hig trial disclosed that soon after. the |
crime was committed, the youthful ;
_ soldier attended a holiday party at
‘which he played the part of the “ mur-
‘derer’ in a game calied “ Murder.”

: wasn’t I wouldn’t say anything any-
t way.” ‘
ia emile and keep up the show of assur-
‘ance. He was definitly pale as the
istraps were attached. .

| As he was strapped into the chair
‘he turned to Father Hugh Finnegan,

leaving tn two weeks for a trip to Ire-
jand. und said:
; * There you have a nice trip. father.”
Ju-: befure the cuir mp qeded

he turned mementarily to iRe casei

rs ae. Ff

sses and said?
ziwd-by au.’
rraAnouners! dead at 1°27 4

vied wit
"Weil.

He wes. mn

He tried with little success to force |

—— = oe

~~


DOE & MEANS

, lars) Cp Apdalh, (o-) |E S=02-793S—
Fal “in, ih | : ane rai
ry ae ce Sedat i | Manrelolts RACE METHOD
GG ine taf te Vee. [sor

SYNQesis

[Gevsdy baal res ¢ Lal Bersat of floor, [ht firlee Lud. hharhs

Ear RET ald - De ee

APPEALS

EXECUTION

SOURCE

Katy Mapputle ours [ooo Or ure. AM! S00 0/1 G5
FRANK NEWTON “—- SuPeLy. > adans 7 7 ~

SPW? F3 $—


“May everybody forgive me,” he

suld. “I hold no malice and hope that

God will bless my mother, my wife,

and all my relatives.” |
First Triple Execution.

Crim efficiency marked the carrying
out of the first triple execution ever
held at Jollet. Gerner was placed in
the cHair at 2 a.m, und was dead five
minutes later. Hauft's life was officially
snuffed out at 2:12 and Thielen. was
pronounced dead at 2:20. Even aftor
they had made thelr dying declarations

gees

Copyrtakt, 1888, b7 Cheonge OApone

cHich6o TAibu€e

Hauff und Thlelen had time to sive
personal goud-bys to friends among the
spectators of the grim scene. :
‘With wa fourth man, Melvin Leist
of Rockford, the trio attempted tuo
hold up the State hank of Leonore,
iL, on Jan, 16. ‘They shot and killed
J. Charles Bundy, the cashier, amd
fled without getting any money. Police-
men and sherifs’ forces pursued them
through three counties, In g running
gun battle the robbers shot and killed

“MAX REINHARDT, |
‘HELENE THIMIG, |
ACTRESS, WED

Hollywood, Cal, May 9.—4°—-Man!
Ycinharat, noted theatrical producer, |
and Wionde Helene Thimig, Germain ae:

Relief, but

rn Jobs at

}‘Per Week |
Seder ie rt

three heads of families who}

» én work relief in) Warren a somewhere in Nevada.”
in Lake cuunty spurned priv!
oyment yesterday that would , tive - Jen premise replied to

+ ; °
fs them 33 cents an hour, or about where they had been
“We are happy. Thats all.”

a 4g hour week. The men} Se Are

) work for less than 59 cents | They arrived, tired and dusty, from
the rate they have been re- ; Nevada. * They had obtained a mar
~ -pHef projects. triage licrnse We dnesday in Reno, w heres

“passive strike," yr. {his Riga, Latvia, diverce from. Elsa!
; Hermes former German stage stir, had '
beeh deered tidings.

The bride retired almost immediately
jua of Lake county to take upon their arrival at a Santa Monica |
to compel the men te ac- | Beach cottage. Reinhardt received a’

He in. {few friends. He said they planned ‘to ;
sat no action is possible un- jstay at the cottage about a month.and :
Ithen commute between Reno, his legal:
| residence, and Hollywood. H

{
{

married

“We're too tired to talk wbhout that.” |
'

questiols
marries.

ye

ic ee
!

1
fiz county supervisor,
joormaster of Warren town-

od Assistant State's Attorney

‘Ss
private jebs, was
law.

Become Public Charges. {

-h the refusal of the meni Crowds Jam Liquor Stores
Fenlon sald, they are Likeay |
become pullic charges |
The Ji}ineis emer: |

commission,

'

ty to
swnship.”
“lief

witins

Charleston, W.

work reloet,
ets in the ceunty on May ti long

}was bro
however, | new state absvlute monvupoly

drouth"” that started tn 1914
oP duck of runes,
of

om

employment,
the railroad, | law,

. starting: work on an under: |
THE WEATHER

_

Milwaukee

will enavle trafic on Skokie
pass underneath the rairoad’s |
ist north of Gurnee, in War-!
enship. Railroad representa:

|=——— ———-

aught out Fenlon as the poor-, [Daylight Saving Time.)
‘or his township and offered | sunrise, 5:35; sunsel 7:53. Moon sets at
, fur the relief chents. ,  2:1U a. mm. tomorrow. Saturn ig a morn-

% Te ee ia) ang star, Venus te, ap evening star, Mare
arren township,” Fenion sald | and Jupiter are luminaries of the night.

FRIDAY. MAY 10, 1935.

yy We Raswite Rat tue ‘welfare | Chicago and vicinity TRIBUNE
and 25 family heads who} Far and cooler BAROMETER.
+n on work relief. Two of tha | Friday: Saturday 1p- a=
creasing cloudiness FAIR SS
sot fit for heavy labor, 80 Il yoiowed by show:
y 2o*te apply for the railroad | ers: gentle variable .

winds Friday, mvet-*

ly northeast.
linow-Genora lly

fair Friday: sbow-

emand 50 Cents an Hour,

,
‘
{
t
reported for work this morn: |
,
4

m4 janded promises of 50 ers Saturday; pot
n before they started. mun cheuse |”
temperature.
fouu sciused to pay more than
Jar scale of 35 cents an hour TEMPERATURES IM CHICAGO
killed hands, so the men went,
'

} | MAXIMUM, 3B. Mic.ccssscereeeee 70

tte the higher serie of niet MINIMUM, @ A. M.. Laaenion'sasO®
ry, Fenlon said, the 3 a. m....G1 , Noon .....65) 8 P- m....05

: a = wonme | 40.m....97} 1D pi....67 | Unoficial—
urned mure by working for tne | 5 a m...-00] 3b. m...-69) YD. m....68
sy Working mu -eek 6 a.m. v|Sp.m....70} 10 vb pi... US
: wing oe = week, | we abv | 4 pim... 69 | 12 p. in....0%
led bisa ver try sins), On work | Mam ay 5 p. mm... oa | Midgniaht . uu
ec) eT su] 6 p.m... 68 la. m....60

‘hae Michigan lapped high asalust yp igs,

‘ritting belplessly castware late yes:

pterday oo afterneen tae ehnidren Basie However, he said he did not belleve his
thevget their last resource. They! pujets hud killed the cashier.’ :
prayed, 0 -- Through the afternoon and evening

toy

at Opening in W. Virginia,

‘and all were suffering from exposure,
| Vai, May 9-4?) |
which has ;Crowds jammed two state liquor stores

suste nded jin Charleston today as West Virsinia’s ' De Leon, 8 years old, a brothe:

Ken. by Myuor sales under the ly
lquor |

"mingled thebr appeals and thei

Sherif Glen Axline of Marshall county
and Charles Seipp, a township super-
visor. tak ie Mae fn
One Kills Self, Three Selzed.

All the gunmen were surrounded in
a teld near Varna, Il There Leist
committed suicide and the other three
surrendered. They were tried at Ot-

Rescue 3 Gils
Adrift 2 Miles
|
Off Lake Shore eee iitis on saren 18. The

defense of the trio was that not one
, ; : :of them had done any shooting; all
As stormy waves two miles out in the blamg was laid upon the dead

the sides of ine rawbeat in) which All stuck to this story until yester-
three yeune Waukegan Kirls were | day, wnen Hauft admitted that he had

fired at the time Bundy was siain.

Their prayers were answered. Two
hours utter their eventful trip started,
a moter launch in which sat the Wauke-
Hucbermaster Milten J. Larsen

the men awalting execution had many
visitors. One of them was Btate’s At-
torney Elmer Mohan ot. La Balle

wien county, who had prosecuted them. He
ant two policermen drew up beside! shook hands with each and Hauff as
them afd towed them safely back 10] sured him he pad no hard feelings. -

shore. Warden Frank Whipp disclosed last

Suffer from Exposure.

The rescued trio are Lucille De Leon,
id years old, and her sister Helen, |
4 years old, of 576% Market street,' of the shooting victim.
und Gloria Villalavo, 12 years old. | were not made public.
572 Market street, Waukegan, Spray! , “Dedicates” Son to Church.
from the waves had drenched them | Su great was Hauffs religious en-

thusiasin that he was baptized by: the
}Rev. Q. A. Deck, an evangelist,-and
ithen urdered that his 19 month old son.
. a hy | who was brouht to the prison to be
Lucille and Helen, found Une. pew FORT viewed by his father for the last time.
dilapidated craft, Ued UP on the’ be “ dedicated ” to the Baptist church.
beach near Belvidere and Market) a, Rev. P. B. Chenault. a Baptist
streets. For a time they amused | ; —
; minister, accepted the: charge.
themselves, the girls sitting jn the | Thielen was visited’ by ‘ta othe: %
Cat nee “etHNe Raian er thems ister of Gerner, and his divorced first
ajoag the paach. wife, Mra. George Adams of Dubuque,
Wind Blows Craft Eastward. la. The latter was the firat to arrive
| Then Raleigh let xo the Hne. The and Mrs. Thielen was not aware of
\wind was blowing strongly from the) y., coming. Mrs. Ad A aceon news
west, Out drifted the hares okift. 10 | of the exccution In an automobile out-
it was a single oar and with. THIS) site the prison walls. f
Gloria endeavored to gcull back sd The only yisttors of Gerner, a bache-
land, unsuccessfully, Her tusk BIE or, were his three brothers, Charites,
more hopeless as the minutes jussed. Frank, and Norbert. Hotb Gerner and
Farther off sbore the Wind wus
‘Stronger and the waves more Mmepac
ing.

night that Hauff had written more than
a dozen iciters during the day and that-
one of them was to Mrs. Bundy, widow
Its contents

but were otherwise unharmed. -
Abvut 4 p. m the girls and Raleigh

(Continued on page. 14, column By

‘Little Helen cried and tried to leap |
{nto the water. She was restrained i
by Lucille. Gloria laid aside her futile
oar and bailed with her hands. That
seemed as futile as the oar, but she
did her best. Lucille helped when she
could take her attention, a few sec

madres Vee, 4st a wad -+

near Midway Islands severe
previously observers said
mada might have stopped at
Frigate shoals, 500 iniles
Honolulu, or at Pearl Hart
Hermes reef, 100 miles thiz
Midway.
_, (Pictures on Back Page.
HONOLULU, May 9.—G4
American navy's secret move
trackless stretch of mid-Paci
an unprecedented forty-six pla
fight from Honolulu to Midway;
Kot under way Mtre today an:
inimediately faced the prospec
ting storm conditions at sea.
Seon alter the planes ‘had t
here in uw spectacular forma‘
neuver, J. F. Voorhees, gov
meteorologist. sald heavy rain
Ang and a twenty-four mile w:
Ing ut Midway Islands, 1,323 :
tant.

May Stop at French 5b
Voorhees suid. there wag ap
of increasing storminess in
He suggeste! the air armada,
of {ts kind ever mssembled, c&
at French Irigate shoals, §
northwest of here, or at P
Hermes reef. 100 miles shor
air ftleet’a destinatlon.

Flight officers had noted t
bility of a storm in the are:
way before the take-off, how
apparently considered
plans, which presuinably cal)
intermediate stops.
It took one minute
hours for the heavily luaded
bearing some 200 officers an:
get into the air ont by one,
ships of the fleet the power!
lined up in-squadrons and
away on a hitherto unblazed
Fleet Guides: Alr Arm:
Somewhere in the great tr
tween the American mainlar
and Hawaii, the United 5¢
guided the history making #
with an unseen hand, T
were on “routine duty”
movement played some |
part in the widely discuss
fleet operations.
Extreme secrecy surro:
preparations and departur:
navy could not conceal the
nects of the mouvement. ©
no progress reports would
out. Sek |
Without a single hitch
climbed ‘from the glassy
Pearl Harbor nt intervals ‘
four minutes, bexiniving at
{12:48 p. im., Chieaze dayli -
time). The ‘art plane gots
a. m. [2:47 p. m., Chicago t!
Aima for Coral ts)
Naval officers wouldn't
a masa Night wasn being m
was learned the bix wir
aiming for the tiny coral ts
suon ure to beccme a way
contemplated trans-Pacific
airplane service. |

It also was learned the |
pected to reach the Wttl |
mere speck on the map.
hours; that the planes w:
away from Pearl Harber
month to figure In othe
nerial operations far at ©
Including filghts between t
the Aleutian Islands of

no ©

less

onds at a time, from Helen.
Pray, but Heep on Bailing.

wearied and bopeless, they at length
began their prayers. aloud. Even the
littlest one, in the intervals of her
weeping. asked God to help her. The
| older girls bad no time to cry. They
tr ball. |

MEAL . --
PROBLEMS —
SOLVED...

miles distant. ¥
| First into the air and
‘armada was the noted squ
‘of six long range plane
| January. 1934 made the
‘masa precision Might fre
‘Cal, to Pearl Harbor, 2,
Cirele Naval Bu

net

CanicaAeene

|
|
|
|
|
varuiner |

coal

report indicating storm cor

Riot

continued from page 17

were led to the gallows in the old Cook County Jail at
Dearborn and Illinois Streets several hours later at
11:30 a.m.

Their last moments were spent standing side by
. side facing a throng of 170 witnesses, including more
than SO reporters, seated below the platform on
wooden benches. Their bodies shrouded with white
muslin, arms pinioned just above the elbows by thick
leather belts tightened around their chests and
wrists handcuffed behind their backs, the four
mounted the gallows. There deputies bound their feet
with leather straps.

As the white death hoods were placed over the
condemned men’s heads and the nooses around their
necks, the knots just below the left ear, the muffled
voice of August Spies pierced the eerie quiet of the
barnlike room: ‘The time will come when our
silence will be more powerful than the voices you
strangle today.”

“Hurrah for anarchy!” cheered Fischer through
his muslin hood.

“Hurrah for anarchy!” Engel echoed.

“This is the happiest moment of my life!”’ said
Fischer.

“‘Let the voice of the people be heard . . .”” Parsons
began, when, at a signal from Sheriff Canute Mat-
son, the executioner, using a chisel, severed a stout
rope, dropping the trapdoor under the anarchists and

hh Lf

‘bbe V4 Us Ll, sate teat: de fr GAL
iby

(. het, & pt fs ip mughl, ss hy. eibed
whiiiatud, ig t bones z cable; Myiit egal bhi

hit ud, &. bul. “nas wir ang whi ke Ye hee? psy

tt gh mushacht. . j
are mc on pho. pict ,*
shes dali ae naling ncioh ches hols

| Mild WH it dhe lag
cha uw 5 cake: cased, A ad me eh

errr — ad. es sl fi idee

A handwritten “wanted” poster was issued for
Rudolph Schnaubelt, a suspect in the bombing.

a

cutting Parsons off in midsentence.

The four white-robed figures dropped in unison,
jerked at the ends of the ropes and spun in a
macabre death dance in midair.

It was an excruciating 7 minutes and 45 seconds
after the drop before the last man stopped writhing
and was pronounced dead. After they were cut down,
an examination determined that none of the anar-
chists’ necks had been broken by the sharp drop; all
four died of slow strangulation.

The Chicago Tribune of Nov. 12, 1887, carried the
headline: ‘‘DROPPED TO ETERNITY.”

The subhead read: “The Dreadful Scene in the
North Corridor of the Gray-Walled Jail—The Sen-
tence of the Law Duly Carried Out—All Four
Strangled to Death.”

ll four died proclaiming their inno-
cence.
And it is a fact that none of the
eight who were convicted for their
Haymarket roles was ever even
suspected of being the bomb
thrower. Until late last fall, when
Dr. Maurer in California mentioned that her Ger-
man-born grandfather was probably the bomber,
historians had generally agreed that a known an-
archist named Rudolph Schnaubelt was the most
likely candidate.

Schnaubelt was one of the 31 indicted early in the
investigation but was never captured and brought to
trial. According to historian Avrich, Schnaubelt fled
Chicago after the bombing and spent the night on a

continued on page 20

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Riot

continued from page 18
farm outside the city.

Avrich is the author of “The Haymarket Tragedy,” published
in 1984 by Princeton University Press, and it was his book that
led to the revelation that George. Meng might have been the
mysterious bomber.

Curious about what the author might have said about her
grandfather George Meng, Maurer obtained a copy of the book.
But the only Meng she could find was mentioned in passing as
one of five Chicago delegates to the 1883 unification congress in
Pittsburgh: Parsons, Spies, Balthasar Rau, J.P. Meng and Jacob
Mikolanda, ‘‘a leading Bohemian activist.”

Parsons and Spies were then described as taking a prominent
part in the proceedings, but there was no further mention of
Meng.

Could there have been two anarchists named Meng from
Chicago? Maurer hardly thought so. In a letter to Avrich in New
York, she asked whether it was possible that the J.P. Meng
mentioned could actually have been her grandfather, George.

Sensing that hers was not just ‘‘another bomb-thrower letter,”
the historian said he dug out his source materials on the
Pittsburgh congress. A story in the Sunday edition of Arbeiter-
Zeitung, the journal of the International Working People’s
Association, a loose federation of radical groups, did indeed list
J.P. Meng as one of the Chicago delegates. But upon digging
further, Avrich eventually determined that the “J.P. Meng” in
the newspaper account was an error, that the Chicago delegate in
question was in fact and, as Maurer had suspected, George
Meng.

Maurer recalled that her late mother, Louise, once told her
about the anarchist associates of her father, George Meng.
Among them was a man named Rudolph, whom Louise, when
she was a girl of 15, had seen hiding out at the Meng farm
located in what is now the Hegewisch neighborhood on the Far
Southeast Side.

“This was no doubt Rudolph Schnaubelt,” Avrich said during a
telephone interview.

So if Schnaubelt didn’t throw the bomb, he was no doubt
present at the riot and apparently fled the scene with the man
who did.

Schnaubelt’s name was more prominent than that of Meng in
anarchist circles, and a month after the bombing police Supt.
Frederick Ebersold issued a handwritten bulletin for Schnaubelt
seeking his arrest for murder and inciting to riot.

aly ee ae eee OS

The Haymarket statue was damaged by a bomb in 1970.

Ts Meme ~~~ a OR ot stip


Sy

Samue. Fielden

The bulletin, which contained a photograph of the
bearded suspect, read:

“Rudolph Schnaubelt, about 30 years of age, 6 feet
high, 190 lbs. weight, slightly stooped [sic] shouldered,
light brown hair, usually wears full light beard, but
was shaved off when he left here, and wore light
mustache.

“Depend more on photograph than above descrip-
tion. Works at making watchmakers tools.

“Schnaubelt was one of the leading Anarchists who
caused the riot and massacre in Chicago, May 4th.

“If found, arrest him and wire me.”

The bulletin bore Ebersold’s flowing signature.

fter spending the night of the bombing
on what was undoubtedly Meng’s tiny
farm in Hegewisch, Schnaubelt took
off for Canada and then Europe.
Years later he turned up in Buenos
Aires, according to Avrich, where he
was photographed with his wife and

children.

“Meng has never been mentioned before as a
suspect. And while we cannot say for certain, I
believe, after reviewing the evidence, that he probably
threw the bomb,” Avrich says.

Maurer, who taught at Hyde Park High School

_ before leaving Chicago in 1961, recalls, ‘My mother
was ashamed and embarrassed, and thoroughly dis-
liked her father.’’

George Meng and his wife had two daughters, Kate
and Louise, Maurer adds. Mrs. Meng died of consump-
tion in 1873, when Louise was 2 years old and Kate was
5. Unable to care for them, their father had the two

we placed in a Catholic orphanage in Rochester,
Ten years later, the same year that Meng is known
to have attended the 1883 anarchists’ convention in
Pittsburgh, the girls’ father reclaimed them from the
orphanage and brought them back to Chicago.
Maurer believes her grandfather attended the con-
gress and picked up the girls on the same trip East,
possibly using his allowance as a delegate to the

4

trip.

Back in Chicago, three years before the Haymarket
bombing, a traumatic incident occurred that Louise
Meng later narrated to her daughter:

“I was 12 years old and had never had a doll. There
% was a Christmas party at the Lutheran church in
Gee sai The little boys all got tops, and each girl

tt a doll. My father took mine away from me and

aba it in the stove. He said, ‘You're too big for that

: “It broke my mother’s childish heart,’’ Maurer says.

I Few other memories of George Meng have survived
l the past hundred years.

I “My mother only lived with grandfather for three

years, and by the time she was 15, she was already

earning a living as a housemaid,” Maurer says. “Her

memories of him were rather short and, by and large,

Pittsburgh meeting to finance the cost of the whole.

Adolph Fischer Louis Lingg
one whole winter on turnips.”

The Meng farm, where Louise as a teenager remem-
bered her father’s anarchist friends hiding in the barn,
was hardly a farm as we know farms today. “It was
not very good land for growing and to this day it
isn’t—too soggy,’ Maurer says. They lived in poverty
that people nowadays simply can’t imagine.”

Based on her mother’s stories, Maurer believes her
grandfather was around 45 when the bomb was thrown
that May evening in 1886.

Meng himself died a violent death a few years later,
in the early 1890s.

“I remember that when my father’s parents died,”
Maurer recalls, ‘I turned to’ my mother and asked,
‘What did your parents die of?’ She was very embar-
rassed and all but choked. Then she said, ‘Well, your
grandfather died in a saloon fire.’ ”
~ Maurer says she pictures her grandfather like many
men of the time, as a ‘“‘miserable creature . . . bone
weary and overworked.

‘In those days people worked from sunup to sun-
down. The farmers worked that way, and it was
transferred to the factories without much thought.
Those men weren’t wild-eyed revolutionaries as we
might think of such people today. They were fighting
for better working conditions and free public education
for the kids.”

After exchanging information with Avrich, Maurer
says she now believes her grandfather felt he never
got enough credit for his role in the movement and so
on the night of the Haymarket rally decided, ‘I'll show
’em!’’.

Policeman John Bernett, who saw the bomb tossed
into the ranks of his fellow officers, later described the
man who threw it as being 5 feet 9 or 10 inches tall and
wearing a mustache.

That testimony rules out Schnaubelt, who was “6
feet high,’”’ according to the police wanted bulletin.

Had it not been for that fateful saloon fire that
prematurely took his life, Meng might have solved the
mystery himself—perhaps by claiming credit for the
deed in some kind of deathbed declaration years later.

Neither Bernard Kogan nor his brother, Herman
Kogan, coauthor of “Yesterday’s Chicago” and ‘“‘Chi-
cago, A Pictorial History,” both of which contain
chapters dedicated to the Haymarket affair, had ever
heard of George Meng until Maurer named her
grandfather as the likely bomb thrower.

From his home in New Buffalo, Mich., Herman
Kogan says, “I’ve read everything available on the
Haymarket riot. I never heard of Meng.”

Bernard Kogan says the only mention of Meng he
could find in his own voluminous records is in a book
written by police Capt. Michael Schaack, who investi-
gated the Haymarket affair in 1889. In ‘Anarchy and
Anarchists,” Schaack lists George Meng among the
anarchists named in records of various meeting halls.

“There is a whole history [of efforts) in pursuit of
the bomb thrower,’ Bernard Kogan says. The whole
thing is so moot there is no conceivable way at this
time of proving who did it. One of them did throw the
bomb. It was the first time in the history of the

In 1893 a bronze monur
graves of the hanged an
cemetery in Forest Park. |
of a woman laying a wrea
worker and was inscribed ~
dying words: The day will
be more powerful than th:
today.”

bronze st.
Century
erected i
Haymarke
eight offic
Over th.
tue was r
on the 4lst anniversary |
streetcar and defaced rer:
also blown off its pedestal ¢
in 1970. To protect it fre
moved that year to the i
Headquarters, 1121 S. Stat
the Police Training Cente:
where it stands today.

Despite her years, Gec
who will be 81 in Octobe:
right—something the old a
stood.

The mother of two and :
heads a nonprofit organiz:
the Next Generation. 5S
newsletter advocating the
ment in schools, does con:
radio talk shows to espouss«

“Haymarket, 1886!” an
artifacts from the’ Haymar
runs through December 3
Society, North Avenue an
$1.50 for adults, 50 cents }
admission Mondays. The S
a.m.-4:30 p.m., Sun. noon

= S—

. | Michael Schwab “August Spies

= In 1893 a bronze monument was erected over the
s | graves of the hanged anarchists in the Waldheim
7 cemetery in Forest Park. It depicted a hooded figure
a of a woman laying a wreath on the brow of a fallen
worker and was inscribed with a paraphrase of Spies’
dying words: The day will come when our silence will
be more powerful than the voices you are throttling
today.”

r

?

0 bronze statue of a helmeted 19th-
N Century Chicago policeman was
erected in 1887 on the site of the
d Haymarket riot in memory of the
e eight officers killed in the blast.

d Over the years the 9-foot-1-inch sta-
tue was moved five times, hit once,
6 on the 41st anniversary of the riot, by an errant
streetcar and defaced repeatedly by vandals. It was
it also blown off its pedestal by a bomb in 1969 and again
e in 1970. To protect it from further damage, it was
ie moved that year to the lobby of the Chicago Police
. Headquarters, 1121 S. State St., and then, in 1976, to
n the Police Training Center at 1300 W. Jackson Blvd.,
i- where it stands today.

in Despite her years, George Meng’s granddaughter,
ap who will be 81 in October, is an activist in her own
or right—something the old anarchist would have. under-
stood.

in The mother of two and grandmother of five, Maurer
1e heads a nonprofit organization, End Violence Against
the Next Generation. She publishes a quarterly

1e newsletter advocating the abolition of corporal punish-
dk ment in schools, does consulting work and appears on
ti- adio talk shows to espouse her cause. |
id

4e “Haymarket, 1886!” an exhibit of engravings and

: artifacts from the‘ Haymarket Riot, opens April 27 and
of runs through December 31 at the Chicago Historical
le Society, North Avenue and Clark Street. Admission is
iis $1.50 for adults, 50 cents for children and seniors. Free
he admission Mondays. The Society is open Mon.-Sat. 9:30
he a.m.-4:30 p.m., Sun. noon to 5. For additional informa-
tion call 642-4600.

3061. ‘22 Wid


ped with

> victims,
devil him-
raids.

years of
ions and
he said.

24 years”

fit had a
he places
vould aid

to Jook
d. “That
Cermak
died.”
‘vil’s dis-
sst Sixty-

he leader

He was
back to

firing at
s riddled
s tearing
his chair
covered

gunmen
a quick

stretched

of thick
register

i one of
counter,
n towels
the pro-

patrons,
‘led the
~’s only

it three

pimple-
ing the

customers. “It hasn’t got here from the bank
yet. ”

The gang backed out of the place, piled into
a sleek black sedan and fled.

Word of the crime was. flashed to central
headquarters and Chief Norton and Lieutenant:
Carroll rushed to the scene. ~

Chicago Lawn Station detectives, who ar-

rived ahead of them, briefed them on the de-

tails of the Devil’s latest murder.

“What's this three’ grand business ?” Norton
asked.

“The bums had the right dope,” the pool-
room owner said. “I’m expecting $3000. A
fellow’s bringing it from the bank: It’s to cash
weekly paychecks for fellows from the factories
around here.”

“That guy who. emptied the register thought
the dough should be here already,” Chief Nor.

ton said. “But his buddy knew it wasn’t. It”

one of them knew, why didn’t the other?” >
“There’s only one answer, Chief,” Lieutenant
Carroll said. “The ‘second guy didn’t learn
about it until after they entered. It’s a cinch
they would’ve delayed the heist until the big

money arrived if they had known beforehand .

that it wasn’t here.”
“Then,” Norton said, “if Mr. Pimple Face
found out about it after he came in, it means

he got his information from: one of. the.

victims.”

“NOzopY here told them anything,” the
owner said. “The bums did all the talking.”
“One of your customers could’ve whispered
to him without you knowing it,” Norton said.
“Instead of being a victim, though, he was
their scout.” :
Only four of the ten listed victims still re-
mained in.the place; the others had been in-
terviewed by precinct officers and had left.
“How many of these fellows do you know
well and trust fully?” Chief Norton asked the

‘proprietor. He read aloud the names of the

patrons robbed.

“Square shooters, pals, all of them, except
that Early guy, that Stanley Early,” the pool-
room owner said, “He seemed okay, but. he
was a stranger. He’s been in here only once
or twice before.” .

Early had left after reporting the loss of °

$25, a wrist watch bearing his initials and a
gold pen and pencil set.

“Get him,” Chief Norton said to Lieutenant
Carroll. “The address he gave is in the ‘next
block.”

The address was a small rooming house kept
by a bright-eyed, elderly widow. She told Car-
roll her lodger had checked out in a hurry
only a quarter of an hour before. His name?

“Well, he said. his name was Early,” the
woman said, “but I noticed an envelope on
his dresser the other day and it was-addressed
to a Sam Errico. It had been sent to an ad-
dress on Wentworth Avenue—in the . 2400
block. I don’t remember the exact number.”
~ With three squads, the two men‘ raced to
Twenty-fourth Stréet and Wentworth Avenue.
Inquiry at a corner pharmacy revealed that
Sam Errico, 23, a bachelor, lived in an apart-
ment above a store in the middle of the block.

The police smashed down the front and
rear doors simultaneously and charged in.
They surprised Errico, who was in bed with a
big blonde.

“Get some clothes on, both of you,” Nevin
ordered. “If I take you out the way you are,
I'll be pinched for putting on a lewd show.”

In Errico’s coat pocket was a gold pen and
pencil set. On his wrist was a watch bearing

+) ’
bo a! ete ai 2

* ‘ 1 4
the engraved initials, S. E:

“This watch,” said Chief Norton with a
bland smile, “was stolen from a-lad named

‘Stanley Early, according to a complaint made

to the Chicago Lawn police.”

“Those “initials stand-for my nanid)’ Sam :

eo not Stanley Early,” the. suspect snarled.
orton turned to Lieutenant Carroll. “Bring
the witness in.” |

Into the room stepped the owner of the pool
hall in which the latest murder had taken
place.

Norton gestured toward the prisoner. “Meet
Sam Errico.” °

“Sam Errico, hell, d? atned the man. “That’s
Stanley. Early.”

The investigators hustled Errico, alias Early,
and his girlfriend to an outlying precinct house

to prevent word of their arrest bowers out to ©

the newspapers. ©

The blonde convinced police she SRE
nothing of. Errico’s activities ‘outside of the
field of romance.

Errico, ‘sneering, dehed: the police to link

him with the pool parlor murder. “What if I
‘did .use a phony name?” he said. “A lot of

people do.” .

Chief Norton parked Errico in a cell ‘and
drove out to the South Side to direct a can-
vass of the prisoner’s neighbors. He learned
that Errico’s closest friend and. most” con-
stant companion was Frank Campione, a 23-
year-old thug, who lived on the edge of
Chinatown.

yyesviy armed ‘squads were ‘deployed
around Campione’s home. Chief Norton

‘tiptoed to a lighted winddw. Peering in through

a'crack under a drawn shade,. he saw four
young men drinking wine, talking and laugh-
ing around a. kitchen table.

The window was up about three inches.
Norton motioned. to three of his:men to shove
their shotguns through the opening. Then,
reaching ‘in, he. gave the ‘shade a violent tug
that ripped: it from its roller.

The suspects, startled, leaped to their feet,
kicking back their chairs. When they caught
sight of the .gtim-faced detectives who had
them covered they sullenly raised their hands.

The prisoners were Campione; Nicholas
Viana, 18; Leonard Crapo, 20, and Tony San-
sone, 18. The cops frisked them and col-
lected seven guns.:A search of the house un-
covered 300 rounds of ammunition, two razor-
sharp stilettos and three broad-bladed: knives.

Like Errico, the four men refused to make
any admissions.

“We can’t call in robbery victims to. view
them just yet,” said Norton. “If we did, the
papers would hear of the roundup. We’ve got

to keep it a secret. until we grab the Devil and .

the rest of the: “gang. If we only could get the

‘prisoners -to talk.

“They’re punks, “but they’re as tough as
nails,” Lieutenant Carroll said. “You can grill
them till doomsday, but they won’t talk.”

“In every crowd there’s a weakling,” said
Chief Norton. “Just wait. One of them will
sing.” :

The five men—including Errico—were locked
in separate cells and left alone for eight hours.
Detectives kept them under close observation
without their knowing it. The next day the
detectives told Norton that four of the
prisoners had slept soundly through the night.

“All except Crapo,” a detective told Chief
Norton. “Hpe’s scared. He walked up and
down, hour after hour, moaning and biting
his fingernails.”

Tavern keeper Bowman was shot doen:

A few minutes later Norton was talking to
Crapo. The hoodlum tried to hide his nérv-
ousness, but he was trembling so violently
that his chair creaked under him.

“You've got a bad case of the shakes,
buddy,” Norton said. ~

“A chill, a chill, that’s all,” mumbled Crapo.
“T’m a sick man.”

“You'll be sicker after I tell you what your
pals just told me,” Norton said. “They say
you bumped that guy in the poolroom.”

Something seemed to snap inside Crapo,
like an alarm clock spring that had been
wound too tightly. “Liars, liars, liars!” he
shrieked. “They’re dirty liars!”

“It makes no difference to me, kid,” said
Norton with a shrug. “Just as long as I can
pin it on somebody.”

“T won’t be the fall guy,” Crapo said, stand-
ing up and pounding his. fist on the desk. “I
was there, yes, but I didn’t fire my rod. Cam-
pione did! Campione’s the one.’I saw him.
Some of the’ others, too. They’re the ones
who did the shooting.”

Before Norton finished with Crapo, the

-hoodlum had dictated and signed a confession

which involved himself and his companions
in the Kurbalanzo, Bowman and Wendel mur-
ders, the shooting of Detectives Carlin andMc-
Nally, and some 200 holdups.

His statement also cleared up another homi-
cide—the slaying of Antonio. Barchetto, 46, a
baker, who’d been riddled with bullets when
he’ reached for a gun to resist a robbery in his
shop on West Chicago Avenue a few months
earlier.

“And Santo Orlando, who killed him?” Nor-
ton asked Crapo. .

“T don’t know. Honest I don’t know.”

“Was it the Devil?” Norton asked.

Crapo wet his lips. “The Devil?” he
finally said. “Who’s he?”

Chief Norton placed Crapo in a cell and
had Viana brought before him. Viana read
his pal’s confession and nodded. “It’s true,”
he said. “I always knew you'd grab us some
day. ”

Norton handed the man a cigaret and told
him to sit down and relax. Then he said, “One
thing puzzles me. What did you fellows do
with all your loot? You collected a fortune,

39.


———————

‘| bg

You Only Live Twice

continued from page 35

for shooting down two detectives who closed
in on him during a robbery.

After the bodies were examined by three
physicians, 200 witnesses filed out of the exe-
cution chamber.

The families of the dead men made their
way slowly to the main door of the jail and
rang the bell. A turnkey peered through a
barred wicket. He listened to what they had
to say, and then he told them. “You can’t get
them yet. Come back in eight hours.”

“The undertakers are with us,” one of the
mourners said. “The hearses are outside... .”

“That makes no difference. You'll have to
wait until 8 a.m.”

“But why?”

“Don’t ask me,” the turnkey said. “It’s a
rule, that’s all I know.”

There is, actually, a very aibtiial reason for
the rule. It is this: A Chicago murderer once
rose from the dead after he was hanged!

That happened back in December, 1920,
when hanging was a legal means of execution

in Illinois. But the story really began 18 '

months earlier, in June, 1919.
It began on the afternoon Sergeant Patrick

Hamilton’s best ganaiand. spy phoned him :

at headquarters.

“T got a hot tip for you, Sarge,” the man
whispered. “That double murder in Bridge-
port, remember. . .. ?”

Hamilton asked. The victims were Andrew P.
Bowman, a tavern keeper, and Benjamin
Wendel, a customer. They’d been shot down
by a gang of hoodlums who got away with
$2300.

“Well, I got it solved for you,” the voice on
the other end of the wire sdid. “The leader
of the mob is a guy called I] Diavolo. But
listen, Sarge; I can’t talk here. Too many
ears. Meet me at Luigi’s. Half an hour,”

The caller was Santo Orlando, 26, who
lived in the heart of the rough, tough slum
district known as Little Hell. Two years be-
fore, Hamilton had saved him from going
to prison for a crime of which he was inno-
cent. To repay the officer he had become his
spy in the underworld.

Hamilton left his office at once to keep the
appointment at Luigi’s, a tiny spaghetti house
miles from Little Hell. He waited more than
an hour. Orlando didn’t show up. Finally
Hamilton paid for the four cups of coffee he’d
drunk, got up and left.

A week later, he received another phone call.
A strange voice told him:

“HE'S waiting for you on Division Street.”
The voice mentioned the street number.

“Who’s this?” Hamilton asked.

“Il Diavolo!” The man laughed. “The
Devil!” And then he hung up.

Hamilton rushed over to the Division Street
address. It was, he saw as he walked in, a
funeral parlor.

He called an attendant over. “Pm looking
for Santo Orlando,” he said.

“Follow me please,” the attendant mur-
mured. He led the way into a’small chapel

and pointed to a coffin. In it lay ‘Santo Or-

lando, Hamilton’s informer.

Another attendant started to. lower the ‘lid
of the casket. “You were just in time. We're
taking him to the church for services now,”

he: said. He gestured toward the coffins,

“First, tell me what this is all about.” Hamil-
ton showed his, badge. “What did he die of?
When did he die?”

The attendant pulled several papers from
his pocket.

“Everything’s in order. See, the death cer-
tificate, the burial permit.”

Issued by a deputy coroner-of nearby Will

County, Ill., the certificate attested that a -

coroner’s jury had ruled that Santo Orlando
had died of “drowning or otherwise.”

“What’s this ‘or otherwise’ business ?”, Ham-
ilton asked.

“Maybe he had a heart attack, too,” the
attendant said, casually. “Maybe. . .”

He continued to talk and while he did
Sergeant Hamilton bent over the corpse and
rubbed away a thick coating of pancake-type
makeup behind its right ear. He saw it now—
a round role plugged with wax.

“ Drowning or otherwise’ is right!” he said,
turning, to the attendant. “But it’s mostly
‘otherwise’. This man was shot!”

A doctor was summoned from the Cook

‘County Coroner’s office. He probed the wound

and extracted a .32-caliber bullet.

“Maybe I should’ve kept my. big mouth
shut,” Hamilton said. “Now I’ve got a mur-
der case on my~hands.”

[SVESTIGATION disclosed that Orlando had >

dropped from sight a week earlier, on the
afternoon “he’d’. phoned. Sergeant Hamilton
to tell him he knew the identity of the mob-

Ft hah ae - am - ster who headed the gang responsible for the
“The two guys in the saloon on Cerma :

double murder on Cermak Road.

“T’m convinced Orlando was. killed because
he was going to unmask the Devil, ” the
sergeant reported to Chief of Detectives John
Norton. “The Devil found out somehow and
let the poor guy have it.”

For the next two weeks, detectives combed
Little Hell: from end to end, trying to track
down the Devil. They studied slayings, and

holdups and they came to the conclusion that-

at least 200 robberies had been committed by
the Devil’s gang.

Sometimes as many as nine youths par-
ticipated; at other times-only three or four.
But descriptions. matched and so did their
way of operating. Their loot, much of it pay-
roll -cash, totaled almost $190,000 in a one-
year period. —

Months passed, but -the police got no closer
to the Devil than ‘they had been when they’d
first heard his name, The holdups continued,
the loot mounted steadily.

Chief Norton formed three special squads

led by the department’s - aces—Lieutenants

Michael Grady, Phil Garroll and Otto Erlan-
son. fe

“Forget everything else—your - pinochle,.

your. wives, your kids, your homes,” Norton

- told them. “Concentrate on the Devil!”

More time passed—and then, on October 3,
Detective Sergeants Hugh McNally and James

- Carlin spotted a parked sedan at Twenty-first:

Street and Indiana Avenue. ‘There were seven
boys in the car. .

“Let’s give them the once-over,” said Mc-
Nally. ~

As the officers started - toward the auto,
a burst of shots came from the car. Both
men fell, seriously wounded, and the car sped
away.

Half an hour fee the same car drew up in
front of a super-market near Ashland and

-Lincoln Avenues. The’ seven gunmen strode
into the place, lined the owner and his cus--

tomers against the wall and escaped with
$1540.

After analyzing the reports of the victims,
Lieutenant Carroll decided that the Devil him-
self did not take part in the actual raids.

“Only a master crook, one with years of
experience, could plan these operations and

keep that mob of hoodlums in line,” he said.

“None of them is more than 23 or 24 years
old.”

Carroll also céncluded that the outfit had a
scout who made advance visits to the places
to ‘be robbed to gather facts which would aid
in executing the holdups.

“They usually know exactly where to look

’ for their victims' hidden: cash,” he said. “That
-happened in the double murder on Cermak
Road, as Wendel told us before he died.”

On November 15, seven of the Devil’s dis-
ciples charged into a poolroom on West Sixty-
third Street.

“Hands up before I count three,” the leader
hollered. “One ... two... three!”

Albert Kurbalanzo, 62, did not stir. He was
hard of hearing. He sat in a chair, his back to
the thieves, reading a newspaper.

With the casualness of marksmen firing at
a scarecrow in a cornfield, three bandits riddled
him with lead. The force of 12 bullets tearing
into his frail body knocked him from his chair
and into a corner, dead, completely covered
with blood.

“T got a few shots left,” one of the gunmen
called out. “Anybody else want a quick
trip?”

Nobody answered and all hands stretched
higher into the air.

A swarthy bandit, with a shock of thick
black hair walked over to the cash register
and scooped $80 from it.

Then, without hesitation, he opened one of
ten cabinet doors behind the cigar counter,
plunged his hand beneath a pile of clean towels
and drew out a cigar box in which the pro-
prietor kept his extra’ cash.

His buddies, meanwhile, frisked the patrons,
taking money, rings and watches.

“Hey, we’ve been short-changed!” yelled the
hoodlum behind the counter. “There’s only
130 bucks in this box! Where’s that three
grand?”

“We got here too early,” said a pimple-
faced gunman who had been searching the

custor
yet.”
The
a sle
Wo
headgq
Carro
Chi
rived
tails «
“WwW
asked
“Tt
room
fellow
week)
aroun
“Tt
the d
ton s
one <¢
“TS
Carr¢
about
they
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that
eT
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victir


Cardinella was reputed to have promised his
would-be saviors $100,000 if they brought
him back to life. The reward was to come
from a small fortune which he told them he
had salted away. None of the monéy was ever
found.

The undertaker and the fwo doctors were
not prosecuted for their roles in the fantastic
plot; the state’s attorney’s office was unable
to find a statute under which they could be
brought to trial.

J ont to he sure ‘Nick Vigna was ‘still dead,*
police quietly dug up his Brave. ‘His corpse,

‘the marks of the rope plain on his neck, was

in its casket. He was dead, all right. The dirt

_ was shoveled over the grave once more.

After Cardinella’s ‘body was. brought Back:
to the jail, it was held until 9, p.m, a period

which made hopeless any. possible: Srenrts at -

resuscitation.
On the recdiiteendalion, of Dr. “McNamara,
the sheriff ruled that thereafter the remains of

,

all executed criminals must be kept for at
least eight hours before being released.

Few of the present guards at the Cook
County Jail ever heard of Cardinella the
Devil, or of his attempt to cheat the hangman.
But the rule inspired’ by his fantastic plot still
stands today—even though the electric chair
has replaced the ,gibbet—as the families of
Lindsey and Davis learned recently when they
sought to claim the bodies of the two killers
right after the executions.

” Must IG Baek

continued from page 29 aes

sudden, I felt better—better than I'd felt in a
long time. In 17 years, as a matter of fact.

I nodded and I said slowly, “I am Cornelius
Pytsch.”

“Frank,” Chief Heck said. He couldn’t be-
lieve it.

Then came the job of breaking the news to
my wife, Virginia. Virginia and I had been mar-
ried for 15 years. I’d never told her anything
about the past, about what had happened all
those years ago, first in New York, then in
California.

Virginia took hold:of my arm when.I told

her. A million things must have gone through.

her mind as I was talking but all she asked me
when I was through was, “Frank, am I still
married to you?” |

I kissed her on the forehead and told her
that the alias I’d been going under: didn’t
make our marriage illegal. Then I told her,
“Virginia, Honey, I’m not guilty. I was rail-'
roaded into -jail. I want you to. believe me.”

Virginia said she. believed me and I felt
good.

Chief Heck patted my shoulder. “T’'m with
you too, pal,” he said.

The next day in court my bail was set at
$15,000. I was.asked if I could pay it. I said
T couldn’t.

They put me in jail that afternoon. But next
day I was out.

What had happened ? uf

Friends, people from the neighborhood,
people I’d met four years ago when Virginia
and I moved. into our little house, had gotten
together and raised the bail money. Six fam-

ilies—Chief Heck and his wife, the Gillies, the.

Shemwells, the Glasses, the Herzogs and the
Van Heusens—placed their houses in hock for
the money. Others went to the bank and drew
out of their savings.

EANWHILE, petitions to make me a

completely free man were circulated
throughout Northlake and a giant rally was
held in the community of 9000 to organize a
determined campaign to effect my release.

John T. Duffy, assistant public defender of
Cook County, joined in the movement. “We
must see that this man is not imprisoned,” he
said. “By living in constant fear for 17 years,
he has paid his debt to society, By being a pil-
lar of good in his community, he has demon-
strated his rehabilitation.”

Heeding the pleas of those supporting me,
Governor William Stratton of Illinois has
promised me a hearing on my plea for justice.
“When a man has led an exemplary life for
many years,’ Stratton has said, “his past

ordinarily should be forgotten unless a very “

grave offense is involved.”

I don’t have to tell : you ‘how Virginia and 5
felt when we heard this news from the gover- .

nor. I don’t have’ to tell you. how we'd felt
from the. minute .we’d heard that enough

money had. been gotten together by my friends”

for my release...

Friends have ‘been few ‘and far Calrces
since the time I was born 49 years ago. My
father and mother died in Philadelphia a few
months apart when T'was only five. :

They were poor and we had no close rela-
tives, so my eight-year-old brother, Bruno;
my six-month-old sister, ‘Hildegard, and I ended
up in a German Lutheran orphanage.

_ At the age of ten, I was. placed in the home

of a barber in Germantown. A nice old man, :

he began teaching me his trade. In a. few years

I was helping him in his shop. I'll never forget ©

my first paying customer, an undertaker, who

had grave doubts about permitting a kid in

short pants to shave him.

The undertaker was in a hurry and ‘my fos-
ter father was, busy with another customer.
kei undertaker decided to take a chance with

e. “Don’t cut too close, son,” he said, ner-
; veel as I slapped Jather on his face.

. Standing on.a box, I finished the job with-

“I’m going to a hotel on a little business. You
wanna come?” :
I had nothing else to do and I went along.

. His attention was to commit a robbery, i

I didn’t realize it at the time.

We climbed a flight of steps to the second-
floor lobby of the hotel; the Fulton Hotel.
Then the guy I was with drew a revolver and
pointed it at the clerk behind the desk.

“This is a heist,” he said. “Give me your
dough.”

I think I was as surprised as the clerk was.

The clerk handed over $7 and we ran down
the steps to the: street. I was just as anxious
as the other guy to get away.

WE .got into a cab outside and he told the
driver ‘to take us to Times Square.

Just as the cab started to pull away a wom-
an heaved a flower pot from an ira win-

: dow of the hotel.

out drawing blood. The undertaker thanked -

me and gave me ten-cent tip.

“How'd Dido trek asked my foster father
afterwards.

“You did fine,” he said, smiling a little, sur-
prised a little, “I never Bot more than a nickle
from him!”

~ Avshort time later, the bashed found out that
‘he had tuberculosis. He moved to Denver and
left me at the home of his mother, a very. old
lady. I got a job in a greenhouse that paid me
$10 a week. The old lady charged me $8 a
week for room and board. Later, a few years
later, I learned that $4 a week would have
been enough.

Before I reached 16, I had served asa

\

steamfitter’s helper. and had spent a season as

a circus roustabout. :
Then, in 1920, I fibbed about my age and en-
listed in the Navy. I spent eight years in the
service. After two hitches I picked up my hon-
orable discharge and left.
The Big Depression hit the counEry a year

or so later. Things, of course, were tough but.

I managed to get along, doing odd jobs, every-
thing from dishwashing in hash houses to Ppol-
ishing cars.

Then I managed to ake’ a valakeki

I was in New York City. It was a hot after-
noon and I was sitting on the stoop of the
house where I was staying. A guy I knew, a

young sharpie who always seemed to have:

plenty of spending money, walked up to me.
As I remember it, he said something like,

“Robbers! Robbers!” she shrieked. *estop

* them!”

A cop on the corner saw the plant falling
and heard the woman and a minute later he
was in another taxi, chasing us. He caught up
with us a few blocks away.

In court, E pleaded guilty to unarmed rob-
bery and was sentenced to serve four-to-eight
years in Sing Sing. The other guy got two-to-
four years on the holdup charge and five-to-ten.
for gun-toting. .°

I didn’t feel bitter toward the police or the
judge. I had it coming, I knew that. I prom-
ised myself that I would be a model prisoner
and profit by: my experience. When I finished
my term, I’d lead an honest life, keep my nose
clean.

But some of the other boys in Sing Sing
had different ideas on the matter. They told
me that might not be easy. An ex-con auto-
matically has two strikes on him, they said.
A lot. of law-enforcement officers of the old
school work on the theory that a man con-
-visted of a crime is forever an — of society,
_they said.

‘I was to learn that this was true. You don’t
have to take my word for it. Almost any honest
‘judge or lawyer will tell you the same thing.

I was paroled in October of 1933 after serv-
ing less than four years..My parole sponsor
was the man in whose home I had been living
‘at the time of my arrest. He was now mining
for gold in’California and I was-permitted to
go there with him.

‘I thought all my troubles were over. My
sponsor’s mine was in the Pleasant Valley area
in the mother lode district of the Sierra Ne-
vada Mountains. He had not come across any
gold yet—but he had high hopes.

‘For two years and eight months I labored,


yet there isn’t enough dough among the five
of you to finance a party in a hot dog stand.”

“The boss ended up with all the dough,”
Viana said. His tone was bitter. “He won
it from us in crap games in his poolroom. He
had luck, that boy. He had all the luck in
the world.”

Norton. smiled. “You've heard the saying,
‘Lucky as the devil?’ ”

Viana nodded. “Yeah,” he said. “And _this
Devil was, damn his black heart.”

“What’s the exact address of his pool room
joint?” Norton asked, hiding his eagerness.
“Crapo didn’t mention it.”

“On Twenty-Second Place—218 “West.”

Viana described the Devil’s pool parlor as
a crime’ college for the neophytes he had
recruited in Little Hell and Chinatown, He
trained them for a couple of months and
then, when he was sure they were ready, he
sent them out on holdups. After each holdup,
the Devil divided the proceeds equally among
his followers.

“Tt was then he got out his dice,” Viana
said. “He never lost. From me alone he won
at least $20,000.”

Less than an hour later, Chief Norton,
backed by 12 riflemen, nabbed Salvatore “Sam”
Cardinella, ams the Devil, in his dingy pool-
room,

Cardinella, a tall, burly man of 35, badly
in need of a shave, with a deep, ugly knife scar
on his right cheek, offered no resistance when
handcuffs were snapped on his thick, hairy
wrists. “What’s this all about?” he asked, his
gruff voice trying hard to sound meek. “I got
six kids. I’m a decent, hard-working guy with
six kids to feed. I ain’t mixed up in nothing
wrong... .”

At headquarters, Viana and Errico identified

Cardinella as their leader, the Devil. But the-

other prisoners denied ever having seen him
before.

“JT can understand why they're covering up
for him,” Viana said. “The louse always
warned us that if we squealed he’d get revenge
by bumping off our mothers and sisters.”

“He’s in custody now,” Chief Norton said.
“He can’t bump anyone.”

“That’s where you're wrong,” replied’ Vidna.
“He has an enforcement squad, three men,
whose faces and names we don’t know. He

introduced us to them one day in the. base-

ment of his poolroom.
“They were masked and didn’t say a word.

They just sat there and looked at us through

eyeholes in the masks. The Devil told us they’d
do. the killing if he ever was betrayed and if
he couldn’t do it himself.”

"THE members of this enforcement squad,
Chief Norton learned much later, were ig-
norant immigrants who did not speak English.
They had been paid $10 each by the Devil
to take part in the act, the nature of which
they hadn’t the faintest idea.

With this and similar melodramatic bits of
trickery, the Devil had kept his gunmen under’
rigid tow.

Other disciples of the Devil were named now
and police squads went out after them, Quick-

ly rounded up were:.Antonio “The Rooster” —

Lopez, 28, who was roughed up when he
resisted arrest; Joseph Costanza, 31, and Sal-
vatore “Sam” Ferrara, 21.
One of their associates, Frank Gibbia, 26,
was shot to death in gangland. style by
vengeance-seeking friends of the slain inform-

er, Santo Orlando, near Chicago ‘Heights: be- °

fore policy could catch up with him,

€

Still another meinber ot the mob, Joseph
“Nipper” Okonti, disappeared and was never
caught.

A trial was held a. few months later. All
five men were found guilty of murder. Errico,
Crapo” and Sansone were given life terms.
The Devil, Campione, Ferrara, Viana, Lopez
and Costanza were sentenced to’ be hanged.

Viana swaggered to the gallows on Decem-
ber 20, 1920, crying out to the other prisoners:
“Goodbye, boys. Goodbye to all of you, except
Sam Cardinella—except the. Devil. May his
soul be damned.”

Viana’s body was claimed by an undertaker
and taken away just a few minutes after the
trap door slammed open beneath his feet and
plunged him to his death.

AS THE hearse carried his remains out of the

jail yard, a guard glanced through a small
window at the rear of the slowly-moving
vehicle. “There’s a couple of guys in there

Norton: "In every crowd, a weakling.”

with him!” he exclaimed. “They’re. working
over him like doctors!”
“Embalmers probably,” another guard said.
“Embalmers in a hearse? Couldn’t they wait
until they got, the stiff to the undertaker’s?”
“You know how things are today,” the
guard said. “It’s the old speed-up. Everything
is.rush, rush, rush.” 9
Nervous and distraught for weeks, Cardi-

‘nella, the Devil, paced his cell like «a high- °

strung tiger in a cage. And then, a few. days
after the. execution of Viana, he had a visitor
who had a long talk with him. A change came

over the killer now and he appeared cheerful °

and calm, - os

One by one, the murder master’s henchmen
were hanged..- Finally, at- 10:20 a.m. on April
15, 1921, Cardinella’s turn came. .

When guards entered his cell to escort hiss
to the scaffold, Cardinella began’ to rave and
collapsed in a twitching heap. The guards lifted
him from the floor, strapped him in a chair and
carried it up the 13 ,steps'to the gibbet..

As the rope was placed around his neck,
Cardinella moved his head from side: to side,

moaning and crying for mercy. The guards .

loosened the straps that held him to the chair,
stepped back quickly, and the trap was sprung.

‘The chair fell through the opening and hit.

the cement pavement . with a.clatter. Above it,
Cardinella twisted in the clutches of the noose.
- Finally he stopped moving and six minutes

later he was lowered to the ground. Twelve
physicians stepped forward, went over him
with their stethoscopes and pronounced him
dead.

The body, a scarlet circle around its neck,
was taken to the jail mortuary, placed in a
long wicker basket and turned over to a wait-
ing undertaker. He hurried off with it.

The same guard who had noticed the un-
usual activity in the hearse that took Viana
away four months before now hurried up to
Deputy Warden Lorenz Meisterheim.

“Maybe I’m nuts,” he said, “but I think
there’s shenanigans going on. Two guys who
look like doctors are in that wagon, rubbing
Cardinella’s wrists, injecting something’ into
him with hypodermic syringes and... .”

Meisterheim didn’t wait to hear more. He
rushed out of the jail. The hearse was ‘two

locks away and moving fast, in the direction

of Little Hell. Hailing a police squad on guard
duty outside the jail, Meisterheim called out:
“Catch that hearse! Bring it back!”

The squad car overtook the speeding hearse
and ordered it back. -

Meisterheim opened the rear door.

Cardinella’s body was stretched out on a
rubber mattress filled with hot water. Encasing
the corpse were dozens of electric heating pads
attached to powerful portable batteries. Also
in the hearse were heart stimulants, hypo-
dermic syringes, tanks of oxygen and other

‘medical supplies and appliances used in

resuscitation.

“This isn’t a hearse!” Meisterheim said. “It’s
a mobile hospital !.”

The two men in the hearse with the body
were doctors, both of them with shady repu-
tations.

“Just a little experiment,” one of. them said.

“We wanted to see how long rigor mortis

could .be delayed by the application of heat.”
Meisterheim grunted and ordered the body
taken back into the prison.

Jail. Physician Francis W. McNamara was -

summoned. After he’d examined the. body,
he said: “If those two had continued working

‘-over Cardinella, he might have risen from

the dead.” He explained that the plunge from
the scaffold had not broken the killer’s neck,
that he had died of strangulation.

x > DEATHS from asphyxia, like this one,
there’s always.a chance,” the doctor went
on..““In fact, medical history contains many
cases of restoration to life after hanging and
apparent death. If his neck had been broken,
the attempt would have failed, naturally.”
Investigators learned from trusted under-

‘world sources that Nick Viana had been re-

stored to life after he was hanged.

“But they resurrected him only to see if it
could be done for the Devil,” one stool pigeon
explained. “Viana served as a guinea pig, that’s
all. When he began to breathe and opened his
eyes, they strangled him.-They couldn’t let a

_ squealer live.”

-Cardinella’s collapse in his cell prior to the

‘ execution had been an act, the informant said.

While pretending to be in a frenzy of fear, the
condemned man had kept moving his head as
the hangman adjusted the noose. By doing this,
he managed to slip the rope ring upward so
that’ his jawbone, instead of his neck, absorbed
most of the shock of the plunge.

In addition, he had gone on a strict diet
months before the execution and. lost 40
pounds. ‘This was intended to lessen the shock
of the drop and thus prevent fracture of the

_ cervical vertebrae.

Cardin¢
would-be
him back
from a $s!
had salte«
found.

The ur
not prose
plot; the
to find a
brought °

sudden, !
long time
I nodc
Pytsch.”
“Frank
lieve it.
Then
my wile
ried for
about tt
those yi
Californ
Virgin
her. Ar
her min
when |
married
I kiss
that th:
make o
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roaded |
Virgir
good.
Chiet
you too
The 1
$15,000
I could:
They
day Iw
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Thurs. July 12, p.1 (cont.)
All of Beck's slayers captured
Five men now face bog trial
Last two fugitives, George Boone and Harold Martin, taken into
custory in Chicago raid

Fri, July 13, p. (cont.)
Clark confesses to killing William Beck
Points to others as his aides
Claude Clark, colored, brought here from Louisville, makes clean
breast of fatal shooting of William Beck

Sat. Oct. 20, p.1l (cont. )
Asks separate murder trial
John Brown sees testimony of others antigenetic in Beck death trial

Mon. Oct. 22, p.l (cont, )
4 jurors selected for Beck murder hearing
2 others in guilty plea in killing
George Boone and Harold Martin admit manslaughter charge in
Beck death; 2 are on trial

fues. Oct. 23, pel (cont.)
Mother names 2 in Beck death
Jury hears of killing from kin
John Brown and Dominick Bresette on trial for the murder of
Milburn man
Smith reviews case

Wed, Oct. 24, p.1
Murder case in hands of jury
Defendants tell about Beck's death
Dominick Bresette and John Btown disagree in stories as they face
possible death penalty

Thurs. Oct. 25, 1928 p,1 (cont.)
Fights killers’ retrial move
To oppose new trial here
Brown and Bresette given death penalty in Beck murder to ask retrial
Clark faces like fate

Fri, Nov. 16, p.1 (cont.)
Killers taken to state pen
Clark, Bresette and Brown make last auto trip
To die Dec. 15

Thurs, Dec. 6, p.l (cont. )
To make fight to save Brown
National Association for the Colored People to enter case in his behalf

i Mon. Dec, 10, p.l (Springfield UP)
4 Lake County pardon pleas are started

Mon. Dec. 10, p.l
Get bids to executions
Warden Green sends invitations to officials
3 killers are to die

Thurs. Dec. 13; pel
Board advises on death cases
Hear pleas for condemned men and others
In executive session today

Fri. Dec. 14, p.1 (cont.)
Denies pleas of 3 doomed men
Board hears pleas, 3 to die in chair
Trio convicted in the Beck murder loses appeal to Parole Bd.;
mus’ pay with lives tomorrow

Sat. Dec. 15, pel
3 murderers executied
Pay penalty for killing of William Beck
Clark first to die in chair at Joliet
Goes unashamed; all calm as law is carried lut today

Mon, Dec, 17 p.12
Condemned men leave but one trace at jail
Bresette created huge "welcome" sign for second floor bull pen cells
The burials are today


or ne a ee eee es Meee ee ae ee amma am
.
, =
"4
4

Sat. July 14, p.1 (cont, )
State may demand death for five in Beck murder
Confession of Clark clears up case - Smith
Col. Smith expects two at least to be sent to the electric chair
Fear Potz repetition

Sat. Sept. 29, p.l (cont.)
‘. Grand Jury ready to probe 36 cases ee.
Six men face indictment for murder, list several burglaries
Will start Mon.

Mon. Oct. 1, pel (cont.)
Indictments for five alleged slayers are voted by jury
Evidence to be heard in 2nd murder case today
Grand Jury acts in Will Beck murder. may complete trial tomorrow

Tues. Oct. 2, p.l (cont.)
Grand Jury has nearly concluded its probe

Work has been rushed

Wed. Oct. 3, p.l (cont.)
Grand Jury votes 27 true bills
Indictment brought in against 33 defendants,
Four cases rejected and several not brought up;
Trials start Oct, 22
Bail is determined

Thurs. Oct. 4, pel
Indicted to be arraigned for pleas tomorrow
Several expected to admit guilt but call holds uncertainty in most cases
Nearly all located

Mon. Oct. 8, p.l
Murderers of Beck pleads guilty
4 others in case enter a plea of not guilty
Claude Clark admits shooting and will be sentenced Oct. 22, Smith says
One withheld plea

Oct. 20, pel (cont.)
Electric chair to be asked for two alleged slayers
Trials are asked een
Col Smith to demand maximum in Beck case
Bresette and Brown to face electréacution when trial starts on Mond.

° Mon, Oct. 22, Bel

Beck murder case is on trial

Two plead guilty; two demanding jury trials

Boone and Martin, driver of car, follow suit of Clark who fired the shot

Are selecting jury

Tues/ Oct. 23, p.l (cont. )
Aged mother identifies slayers
Dramatic moment as Beck case is heard
State expects to finish case today and jury will deliberate tomorrow

Three plead guilty

We


Headlines from WAUKEGAN DAILY SUN

Thurs. May 17, 1929 p.l (cont.)

Farmer is murdered by bandits

Beat mother; make escape with much loot

Will Beck slain, aged mother seriously ill, and $3,500 is taken
Search for Indian

Fri. May 18, p.1 (cont.)

Beck murders are under arrest
Robbery plans are told in confession to police
Indian and one Negro held as search for three others continue

Murder warrants out

| Sat. May 19, p.l

Beck's killer is uncaught, sheriff asserts
Continue pursuit and expect to arrest three more later today
Find more bullets

Tues, May 22, pel

Beck's killers being brought to court's jail
Deputies leave today to bring prisoners here for their trial
Hunt for three others

Wed. May 23, pel (cont.)

Thurs.

$1,000 reward for Beck slayers
Authorities striving to locate 3 more men
Search renewed for missing killers

Close in on Clark

May 24, p.1 (cont.)

Slayers are bound to the Grand Jury

Trial is asked by both men now being held

Reported to be ready to repudiate confessions made to Chicago police
Hunt other three

Tues. July 10, p.l (cont.)

Thurs °

Clark, alleged slayer, is captured

Man named in Beck murder is nabbed in Louisville

Reward of $1,000 offered by local States Attorney, spurred the search
Waives extradition

July 12, p.1 (cont.)

Arrest two more in Beck murder case

Five charged with crime now under arrest

George Streed picks up last two offenders in murder of William Beck
Charged with murder

Fri. July 13, p.l (cont.)

Clark admits killing of Wm. Beck
Is bound over to Grand Jury without bonds
Negro claims he tried to shoot lock off door to Millburn farm murder

Tells complete story


FIVE
HAN
F inst! Ew

Years.
Aver

APPEA Is

SLAYERS DIB;
GING RECORD

7 ager winorammion : Yaong

e cutions it Over Two
Although Tragedies i
rage 28 a Month, |

: | |
= TO courts PAIL, |

,
i

ary

tie ds ne

Gua rd A
of

(no 1900, a negro named! 4 William
Jorge nywas| hanged in the Cabk county jail!

fir he
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mons ah
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enh Fes nels te

exdets t of
ar

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Vestr: # 4 v

secre Mele

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pave &
The ace

wurcer werelEwdld an@ Frenk Shiblawski, :
ag hige, PR

Je that time—twa years,- three:

ny ist] &f s! ‘ayers had been brqught to}

‘frre men, four whites and al

Night alee Police
Howed to V few Bodies,
Dead Murderers,

4

i } .

jer of Patrolman Dennis Fits. :

seh lt -five days—there have,
Ha telyAsoo homicices in Chicago;
13. an dverage offabout twenty.
Ih During the period ‘since the!
Johnson not a single one of this;

’

jrvurched out of the death’ cells
n the ceurt of the county jail’

men who pald the Penalty for,

4p Summierling, and; Thomas

Souter findy confessed killin Fred Guel-:

cy 4 ti. kK] Rardener, for his mosey. The:
: ‘domas Jennings, who had been |

meupiders ek €

we ¢cccng9.| Rock Island and Padifte rat. |

ray . his’ residence at Washington |

Heghis ;
Crowds View: Bodies, ; |

“finger print’ evidertce of the!
larence Hiller, chief ‘clerk of!

- , The todhes|af the four.white chithdrers’
4 ae rapused to the public view ‘ak Joseph |
ts

wor Oo OSHS undertaking rooms, 1356 |
wit wireet pt night, the-nolice lend ing.ofm- !
gal farngiion| to this medfeval ptocedure.
Trree theeusand persons viewed tha remains:
arithen: ungered In the street eo an to mine | \
rene cf tne Intsery of the dead mén' 8 rela:

meth

mp ts +s ~ ’
- AS scom ag {iti was learned the bodies |
1 anihe vn derta ulng establishment a crowd de-
fants gather® Goon Jarzembowskti asked |
the poling $b ‘Fave his place fro i Weing
monted’ A number of patrolmen were sent’
to the piace | they formed the crowd !nto a:
‘une and permitted every body, men| women, ,

éoore Wher Mra. hip Sommerlin

in chijdren{ ta pass into the room.
There was fp good deal of confusidn at the

. Carry-

ing Ter baby, tried to get In & peliceman,
whi é'! not Hnow ber pushed her back, Sho,
érorped bas ber knees and ghrieked /hysteri-

tain ~{ Fra
aaxv her dead

Hanged as Court’ ‘Heats Plas.

-fn @

ntegst

adsination Df Guelzow
asd cornfessidns revealed them as’

ed oa eprennts efforts had * n made

ants préparatory to th march,

p rhy man. I got the ae to see

{ ' ae pats !
i, identification Shan ws was
iogk at the'dead aseasgin, The
nk Shiblaweki fainted — she”
i husbdnd’ s distorted f, cq.

Loh qf the white men had made
n.of the: part he =~ played ©
and al~

Ccetased’ as: to seem scarcely.
hid not pay the penaltyiof their

»

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om chamber persons Who hadi
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Werehiorton, 2. C.. May Kmeb eres
Clal.J-- business leaders, BUppowedly | we
bi ‘advisers to the gdantnints elie, pret py 5
tested to Preatdont Rooewelt today be. | ag |
cattrea he has diereaatded thet aAyioe | fy:
and becsuse fa had given tos dest
gion that they) supported tom, beetle | '
tuan the United States Chamber, cyt
Commerce, Whreb fecenthy  orith tre [le ‘
the New Peal, f
The Brestdent waa obliged fo outiinay ee
to Tiarev 1 Kendall bead of tien) oh
Called busines and advisers conncil |
which ta appointed te hee ied Be “ht
Commerce Roper, ao new phoes frce | yey
whereby the burmes: adyierts ro
porta Will receive Witte Hire atten ' ’
tion, Otherwtee he was faced with th af '
restanation of most cf the corn hs
Kendall at White Monee, ee
1 When Mero dvendall called et the i tur
| WWoibrtte: Phere teebay the japstriesce feosel | .
Gad dy daa group Were bialtin pet em
Lanty beesiee they brave bern it rerroveh | .
bit betwee thr Preemfent caeeb rc cry ils
Proehepect the chamber of corener cs \ rans
Peritersin ef fea admitasttaQen, iy =
timated that the durtnees leaders Tr
ig Ihe couney supported him and ctor: rte :
seeetud the erftletemer, ; ' at
Myo Po rdtallfe eorne zs meanders vere Te
Inernse a borane Inst Phursdeyy, oo
the elingnber ef eanmaeree thn z {he | Stee
Pree Preah, the corm win. condar tot nace
toe the White Mause be Seerctarys dene
loper, whe announec? that ti rae Yast fe vid
neva tien supperted the VreshfentUe ds,
prosrom., Ve then amude publte aie’ ;
olution ef the. council bucking the ; oa
NRA o “y
ei agian 1 “Actually. it was learned today, the, once
conned) had taken other resolutions to and ; ae
the Witte House, one erithetring the deay ee
New Deal hanking bi, one opposing | Crest
the New Deal utility holding com.! ates a
pany legislation, and another lukewarm |“ v
tewerd the social seecurnty  presramy, | serit
These three eritheal reroltions were ( Slont
Quietly pocketed by Roper and White’ men a
jaxsowav, Oklahoma coawhoy-congressman, Heuce attiehés vwiile the compart rwenl \
while dancing with Rarhara Reck, enter. | tis te favorabte NRA re eohad mh we nea
‘nb Agta i ag speech assatling Huey Lang, | med pers, ert
eel Pte Ge enti ae? | Preas Confernmnes Eee atted nee
a ee Sa _ ce ee : Afar Scretary Roper bod tect le imy ore
* A koown that the council backed the' I do
‘E Now Deal, President Roosevelt at his! preps
, THREE SLA YERS Fivlay press conference used thet “I
ILL DIE TONIGHT IN vieit of the council as evidence show: | feren
Ince that business men did not agree | fon,
with the chamber of commerce critt | wher
HIP ! JOLIET PRISON clsm of the New Denl, but actuaDy]do ne
At -4 a mm. tomorrow miernins thers backed his administration. I ma:
: ‘ Ly using them to protect fteclf}use tl
P—Thel i, WALL See eepetlt d ye 1. ele ree ‘aruinst the chamber of commerce and report
pehair of the old) prises at Fediet penis ; : f
frONvetatiany: tar tres py ; ee} by passing over the critical resolu. the ce
ay! " res mares ta cemmitted ’
‘ss on db Commection with the dering: Demidit thons, the administration entirely mly- Jast, p
\ ee! represented them, the business men on | stator
rine tink f OOIeh ct SE Latins, HL, State bank den council felt, They were privately|A mat

mb the [tien i Metvin Te ist, fonrta meme) very bitter about the White House in-| Ue dit

paps ber of the eee ities eominitted cident and thelr bitterness added to) of tht : 7 . |
sulcide to avoid capture, an already tense situation, report |
me vsles The condemned men are Jolin Pant, Since its furmation almost two years] the nz

voyage 7029 Wolfram street; Arthur ‘Lhirlon | ago, the business and advisory coun- the ot

and Fred Gerner, both of Rockford. | ej] discovered it had been practically

nee They were convicted at Ottawa of tha |ignored by the New Dealers and used “(SL

: murder «of Sherif Glen Axiine of Mate jonly as a “front” when the adminis- : |
jinsy off shal, county. In the heldup and in] tration wanted to appear on good |

at the |the ehas thorough three counttes atter [terms with buriness. None cf the ac F, Z. |
wustrice | the bauk raid, Charl: Bundy, bank | tlen or caution advised by the coun.

in the cashier, and Chert. seipp, township | ell had been followed out. rm

unde supervisor, were slain. Some Ready to Resign. Fred

ole » the 2 :

Reve ee Aen dn ck oe mae ‘ing Hung shot tae: Sees. RE ones] st ee |
éuriire bcs ‘ ; atantly put in a false position of “ad-| ported |
: Gerner. vising " the adrninistration, many coun-| night a |
we and : os Saas ee ERR EE ay ell members were ready to resign. The} he is n
RAE Vincent Astor Becomes. |President today, however, outlined a incurre :
< wale S ! O f H I new procedtre whereby the council's] the Un

Catt ote Uuwner 0 Ofel| reports will cet to the White House and | street. |
in, said| New York, Myy &.—UP)—-Vincent nee PAE, : grave, |
t more} Astor became the sole owner of tha We Uiscussed with the Prestlent| roll 3 |
ease, fashionable St. Regis hotel today when mow our committee would handle their | Delaws |

he purchased the Duke tobacco fam- ies |
3 Nly’s fnterest In the property for ‘
$200,900, Raymond Moley, close ad-
tors at | Viser to President Roosevelt, his been
$25 yee-]acting uw; receiver of the hetel on
ie which Aster foreclosed a $5,000,000


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* CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNK: TUESDAY.

Ryt era tin e 2
a a Ae

eae

MARCIT

Abe Buzzard, who led his broth-
ers, civil war orphans, in horse
stealing and train robbing and who
died yesterday tn Eastern peniten-
tiary, Philadelphia, Pa. This picture
was taken in 1903, when he was sen-
tenced to prison.

(Story on page 1.7

a :
JURY IS SELECTED:
TO HEAR TRIAL OF
‘DON CHAMPAGNE’

CRIMINAL COURT,

Frank Murphy, robbery; sentenced to
one to 20 years In the penitentlury by
Judge William V. Brothers.

John Donald Walker, 34 years old,
ex-convict who gained the nickname
of Don Cham.
pagne when, the roureyessorT te Ta
state alleces, he Psy .

bs ;
spent in night hs
clubs much of the k
$220,000 he is ne-
cused of having
obtained from
Mrs. Grace
Forschner,
wealthy Palos
Park widow, was
placed on trial on
n Jarceny charge
yesterday in the
Criminal court of
Judge John C.
Lewe. The- jury
was xclected yes-
terday and testi
mony will) start
today,

Mrs. Fersehner, 65 year old widow
of a Chicarwo contractor who died in
1920, was instrumental in) obtaining
‘Walker's release on purole from the
penitentinry at Joliet in) May, 1933,
where he was serving a sentence of
one ta 14: yenrs.. for - formers. Mes,

JOHN D. WALKER.

JUDGE DEGREES
DEATH FOR THREE
JN BANK MURDER

Leonore Bandits All Will
Appeal Case.

Ottawa, Il, March 18.—[Speclal.]
—Fred Gerner, 27; Arthue Thielen,

the Leonore bank
bandit gang were
sentenced = today
by Judge Robert
% DaArkin. to
death in the elee- )
tric chair, on April &
11, for killing J.
Charles Bundy, is &
Ieonore bank

cashicr, ;
THOS OWE PRS F055
taken from the

La Salle county
jail this afternoon
to the  peniten-
tiary at Joliet by
Sherif Ralph H.
Desper. He was
nided by deputies
nnd state high-
Way police.

The men under sentence also killed
Charles Scipp, Richland township su-
pervisor, and Sherif Glen Axline of
Marshall county. following the bank
robbery, Jan. 16,

Hauff had pleaded guilty, asking
merey, and was given a hearing In
mitigation of sentence last week. Ger-
ner and Thielen were convicted March

Prag jury named the death pen-
alty. hece prisoners plan to appeal
to the State Supi -ourt.

In passing sentence thé
“A jury of 00d citizens
county fixed the punishment for you
Fred Gerner and you Arthur Thiclen.
I believe that their verdict {3s just
ana right. Tho command to shoot
and the intent to kill were deliberate
ands willful.

“It has now become my duty to fix
the punishment for John Hauff, It
is unusual for a court to give the
death penalty upon a plea of guilty,
but this is an unusual crime. 1 have
listened attentively to all the evidence
and am.unable to find auy mitigating
circumstances—every fact and circum.
stance is in aggravation of the crime.
The killing of Charles Bundy was un-
necessary, willful, wanton gnd deliber-
ate; there was no lack of intelligence,
no intoxteation, no uncontrollable pas-
sion.”

When, asked by Judge Larkin
whether they had anything to say as
to why senten¢e should not be im.
posed upon them, Gerner and Thielen
replied they had not shot Bundy.

Cuticura Soap

For the Daily Care of
Your Hands

Prolong the youthful appearance of
your hands by giving them the
saras care you give your face. Use

Cutienra Sonp every time vou
cS ° , ers | ie eS oo

JOHN HAUFF.

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270 THE HAYMARKET RIOT

*

actually hurl the murderous missile that took seven lives, the
act was directly incited by their inflammatory writings and
speeches, and that their prompt conviction and punishment
torestalled a reign ot anarchy and terror in Illinois.

There is a geographical rallying point for each group.
At the north end of Union Park in Chicago one can see a

- weather-beaten monument commemorating the seven police-

men who lost their lives in line of duty. Farther west, in Wald-
heim Cemetery in Forest Park, is a monument as large and as
costly as that in Union Park—a bronze figure of Justice crown-
ing a dying worker with a wreath of laurel, dedicated to Spies,
Parsons, Engel and Fischer. Every year on May 4, the anni-
versary of the Haymarket Riot, the various police organiza-
tions, with appropriate ceremonies, place a wreath at the foot
of the monument in Union Park. Every year just after Novem-
ber i1, the anniversary of the execution of Spies and his three
associates, a wreath is found on the monument at Waldheim—
but who places it there has never been determined, or at least,
it known, has never been published.

© CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
OF 1862

By STANLEY L. JONES

mii ubsasta kuipiatltendiintes sa, eatin, ealiads daateer angie, tied ieee eater
Rad 4 t sd ily tee ne #4 ? 4
if Ee eH a
He tae 4

HE state constitutional convention that met at Springteld
— in January, 1862 was the rallying point for the last out-
~ burst of Jacksonian agrarian radicalism in Illinois. As such it
illustrated the vitality of the Jacksonian movement in the West,
2 > while it was also a portent of the Granger and Populist move-
ments. The most important of the many facets of this cgrarian
‘fadicalism was its opposition to banks and corporations.’

= Since territorial days Illinois had experimented with bank-
ie ing systems in periods of prosperity only to have them fail in
= time of depression. Recurring panics and bank failures had
caused acute hardship throughout the state and had convinced
= the people that banks were, indeed, nefarious instruments of
~-@ group of ruthless monopolistic capitalists, as asserted bv the
followers of Jefferson and later by the Jacksonian Democrats.
~ Ilinois farmers, particularly in the southern part of the

f
i

é 1 Thomas Ford, History of Ulinots, from Its Commencement as a State iz 1818 to
1847 (Chicago, 1854), 282.

- Stanley L. Jones has been an assistant professor of history at

» the Chicago Undergraduate Division of the University of Illinois

+. since 1947. His doctoral thesis, prepared under the direction of the

~ Tate Professor J. G. Randall at the University of Illinois, was “Ants-

«= Bank and Anti-Corporation Movements in Illinois. 1845-1862.” He
4-45 at present preparing a study of the election of 1896.


_—

CHICAGO TRIBUNE MAG

faymarket bom

Four anarchists died on the gallows—but did the real killer escape to a H

scores of lawmen and civilians
wounded, historians are taking a

The Haymarket blast and its aftermath, viewed by
scholars as a pivotal event in the history of both the
. : the

AepOg RONCNR, OLMOLES BYE Anau)

orkingmen to Arms!
out their bloodhounds—the police

“You have t
humiliations; yo


rae
i we
afd

3

Pan

ie
'
seamtaaedbes, vaasnisal

THHUE

HES
ais sasse Lines


?

killer escape to a Hegewisch farm

}

, F i? : a F : 5 gs
§ See Bran i ae 98 8o9 o 2
i a A aH ; | beta
gleegeiee ray yg Festge + 2
FRITH fallin | anh rinil| 2
8 ile PHM i sadeedas i ee gge8? i oF)
DTH | eat LF Eset a i Ld ie
Tle Tings Rabb”: HE ake Bue zag Hi
cat oe On as Pf] QHH mie op
=z| Bik ta: | Peli! | | i Henn: wel HT =f

CARDINELLA GANG.

A FRONT PAGE CRIME CLASSIC

Lt. Phil Carroll - Vianaret
looked for a plant. his eye |

#&—A stand-in died to
test his death cure.


live again

il Carrol!

for a plan

Vianareturned to life, opened
his eyes, was strangled.

Joseph Costanza and Sal Gerrara and other disciples of The Devil were warned
by hooded men that their mothers and sisters would die if they stepped out of line.

BY HARRISON T. CARTER

™ ON THE STROKE OF midnight, two hearses rolled up the U-shaped drive-
way that led to the Cook County jail on Chicago’s west side.

A battered sedan and’ a taxi trailed the funeral cars and halted behind
them in the grim shadows of the high concrete walls. No one got out of
the cars. But the sentries in the lookout towers above them were not
concerned. They knew that in the cars sat the families of two men who
at that very moment were being marched 40 feet from death row cells to
the execution chamber.

It always happened this way—the kin of the condemned wanting to
be as close as possible to their loved ones during those last. minutes,

Within the next 26 minutes that morning—October 17, 1952—both
prisoners were strapped into the electric chair. Then the switch was pulled
and 1900 volts ripped through their bodies and they were dead.

First to go was LeRoy Lindsey, marijuana-smoking killer of a cop in a
holdup. He was followed by Bernie Davis, executed (Continued on page 38)

Lopez sports the shiner
he got resisting grrest.

ONLY LIVE TWICE

35


om informers in the shadowy under-
arid. T’'ve heard it from a score of
urees Other policemen have, too,
any of them believe it. And why
t? Medical history contains a num-
r of cases of restoration to life after
parent death by hanging.
Nick Viana, the story goes, had been
crely a human guinea pig. The ex-
riment with his body had proved,
ports say, to doubting Thomases in
e gang that a second life by means
scientific resuscitation is possible.
ana himself was denied the boon;
had “talked.”
Four months passed. On April 15,
21, Salvatore “Sam” Cardinella, Il
avolo, was to be executed.
Throughout his confinement Cardi-
la frequently refused food. He
ced up and down his cell, apparent-
unable to sleep at night. Rumors
culated that some effort was about
be made to effect his release.
Ve investigated and searched his
1. On a ledge outside his window
s found a bottle containing one
ice of pure nitro-glycerine.
‘Correctly used,” said Chief Norton,
would have wrecked the entire
1g of the jail!”
In April 15 jail officials prepared
hang The Devil and two of his
ichmen. From his cell he could hear
slams of bags of sand as the scaf-
1 was tested. His wife and six chil-
n visited him. Weeping, he kissed
m in turn—talked to them in his
ios of Sicilian.
‘nother Italian prisoner—one of
‘teen awaiting death — snorted
enfully.
The Devil must be getting soft,”
said. “He just told his wife that
was comin’ back. He says Viana
but they let him die again!”
ike a wild beast, Cardinella paced

the room where Mary Munoz bat-

so gallantly for her life, Mr. Earl -

‘ren, District Attorney of Alameda
nty, was attempting to question
hoping she would be able to give
her information about her as-
int.

OW are you feeling, Mary?” the

District Attorney asked.
Vot so well,” she replied.
Jo you feel as though you are go-
to get well?”

don’t think so. I am going to die.
1 just burning up inside. I am so
sty. I wish I had some ice cream
omething cold.”
id you ever see the man who shot
before?”
Yo! I never saw him in my life.”
\re you sure?”

could swear it.”
Vhat did he look like?”

didn’t really look because he
. ‘Put up your hands. Have you
iny money? Whether you have or
I am going to kill you.’ Then he
me and shot Stanley three times
ran away. I didn’t have a chance
2e him any more.”
Vas he a young or an old man?
he dressed in a gray suit?”
think he was. I didn’t look much.
it tried to see if I could find some-
3—(she did not complete the an-
*). I couldn’t get up. I couldn’t
d on my feet. He jumped on the
iling-board and opened the door.
n’t say any more, I am so tired.”
1 the way to the home of the
bit” I learned from Castro that
full name was Ernest Dias. We
id him working in the front yard.
ro did not want to be present, so
‘him go home. At the same in-
t we arrived, a huge car came
ing up to the gate, loaded down

police, deputies and newspaper-
, all because of my call to the
‘iff’s office. I had to do some
talking to keep them from arrest-
every one in sight and spoiling my

of action. The Sheriff certainly
‘t do things by halves. I per-
led them to leave me alone just

the floor of the death-house, awaiting
the final march. ‘Two clergymen vis-
ited him and yave him the last sacra-
ments. As they prepared to leave, The
Devil threw himsclf on the floor,
clutching their vestments, kissing their
shoes and crying aloud in fear.

He collapsed when the guards came
to escort him to the gibbet. So they
lifted him into a chair and strapped
him to it. Costanza and Ferrara, who
were to have died with him, were left
in their cells while guards carried Car-
dinella to the scaffold in the chair.

While the rope was being adjusted
around his neck the gang leader’s eyes
were closed; his head swung back and
forth loosely. He seemed to be pray-
ing as the shroud was placed over his
head; he wet his lips and mumbled.
The trap was sprung and with a clat-
ter the chair fell to the pavement.
Cardinella’s twitching feet sought its
support, but a guard jerked the chair
from beneath him.

T™ minutes later he was pronounced
dead. His body was carried
out. Costanza and Ferrara took the
center of the stage. Before allowing
guards to place the black mask over
his head, Ferrara insisted on reading
a poem he had written. It went:

CAL ee they will take us from our

cells,

And hang us by the neck until we

die at nine bells.”

Then he gave imitations of barnyard
fowl, with which he often had inter-
rupted his trial to the amusement of
morbid spectators. Crowing like a
rooster, he plunged through the trap.

Meanwhile, the body of The Devil
had been carried to the jail mortuary
and placed in a basket which had been
brought in from an undertaker’s hearse
waiting in the yard. :

Glancing into the hearse, a jail at-
fondant saw a worn de onuese’s ind
form and a man who appeared to be
a doctor. He reported to Deputy War-
den Lorenz Meisterheim.

“There’s fishy business here,” the
guard whispered. “Why should they
have a doc and a nurse in the hearse?
And something’s funny about the bas-
ket, too. I felt hot water bottles under
the blanket that lines it.” ’

Meisterheim investigated quietly.
He found the hot water bottles.

“Tell the undertaker you can’t find
me to give you a release on the body.
We'll make him wait about an hour.”

At length permission was given for
the removal of the corpse. But when
the hearse left the jail-yard, the alert
Meisterheim saw the doctor preparing
to inject a stimulant and the nurse
rubbing the dead man’s wrist.

“Follow them,” he commanded a
squad.

Several blocks away the hearse was
halted and the driver ordered to take
the body to the County Morgue. The
undertaker’s vehicle was examined
and in it we found a specially made
bed equipped with a rubber mattress
filled with hot water, heating-pads at-
tached to an electric battery, an oxy-
gen tank, hypodermic syringes, and
several other appliances that might be
of use in resuscitation!

The corpse was held at the County
Morgue until physicians were positive
that further attempts at resuscitation
would be hopeless. Chief Jail Physi-
cian McNamara declared:

“T would say that there was a chance
for Cardinella because he died of
strangulation and asphyxia; the shock
of the fall from the scaffold ‘did not
break his neck. If it had, the attempt
to revive him would have been hope-
less, of course,”

Maid Madness (Continued from Page 9)

an hour or so. What a spot I would
be in if I failed.

“Give me your revolver; I want to
see it,” I said as I approached Dias.
“I haven’t a revolver,” he replied.

“Oh, yes, you have. We know it.
We want that gun and want it now.”

“The only gun I have is a shotgun
and it hasn’t been used for a long
time,” he answered, looking |me
straight in the eye.

“I’m giving you a last chance, Dias.
Give me that gun or I’ll turn your
house wrong-side out. Do you want
your mother to know what you have
been doing lately?”

“Look in the house if you want to.
I haven’t got any gun and I never had
one,” he repeated.

Could this well-appearing, timid
young man be the fiend we wanted?
If he was a liar, he was a good one.

I had the deputies detain him in the
yard while I went to the house. Mrs.
Ramos, his mother (the name Ra-
mos was due to a second marriage),
came to the door in answer.

‘Sf RNEST said for you to give me his
revolver,” I told her.

“My son has no gun except a shot-
gun there behind the door,” she ex-
plained.

“Mrs. Ramos,” I threatened, “if you
don’t give me that gun we will have
to turn your house upside down until
we find it. And then you will find
yourself in a lot of trouble.”

“I can only tell you there is no
other gun in the house,” she reiterated.

I did not have a search warrant nor
had I made an arrest. I had no right
to search the house. But I stuck with
her, approaching from every angle I
could think of. She denied ever seeing
a revolver in the house or in her son’s
possession.

We had run into a blind alley. Any-
way it had been a good idea. Every-
one gets off on the wrong foot some-
times.

“Where is your husband?” I in-
quired.

“Out in the back yard somewhere.”

I went out back and found him.

this beautiful Lovers’
familiar to sweethearts
of San Leandro, California, a
murderous moron crept one
moonlit night. The cross indi-
cates the exact spot where he
struck—twice

Along
Lane,

“Your wife said. for you to give me
the revolver.” I started the bluff all
over again.

“What revolver?” he inquired, with
a blank face. No dice here either.
My hunch that had been working out
so well had come to an abrupt end-
ing. Even Ernest Dias was not the
type I expected to find. He was a
boy in his early twenties. A slim,
neat-appearing lad with the soft, dark,
liquid eyes characteristic of his race.
He seemed anything but the brutal
killer sort. I wasn’t anxious to see
anyone from the Sheriff’s office right
then, so I went back to the house.
The husband followed close behind me.

In a last desperate effort, I said to
her, making sure my body hid her
husband from her:

“Your husband has told me where
the gun is hidden. I’ve come to get it.”

Police made no arrests in’ connec.
fon with the weird projects ik was a
matter outside the law.

Cardinella’s every action previous to
his drop through the trap testifies to
his cunning. A heavy man, he refused
food in order to lose weight so that the
shock of the fall from the gibbet would
be lessened. His collapse, too, was an
act; he knew that the hangman would
have difficulty adjusting the noose
properly when he was seated with his
head lolling. By moving his head, the
gang leader was able to slip the rope
ring upward a trifle—just far enough
to have the jawbone give partial sup-
port for the shock and prevent frac-
ture of the cervical vertebrae.

ITH The Devil’s gang of youthful
killers smashed, who were the re-
sourceful hoodlums who tried to save
him? This question never has been
answered. But it is believed that they
represent a powerful band of the “Lit-
tle Hell” section, where II Diavolo re-
ceived his training in crime. A for-
tune he was reputed to have secreted
was the inspiration for. the coopera-
tion he received, it was said.

After the Cardinella expose, jail
Officials took no chances of another
resurrection attempt. Thereafter, the
body of a criminal was kept under
guard in the prison morgue for hours
and was subjected to medical tests
that made sure justice could not be
cheated by medical science.

“Captain John L. Alcock labeled the
gang chief when he said:

“He was a Master of Crime—the
most cunning criminal ever encoun-
tered by the Chicago police.”

Anyhow, Il Diavolo of Little Hell
is, I am sure, where he belongs.

And Nick Viana got his last wish—
that The Devil would die, too.

Her face blanched. At the same
time I continued to walk on into the
house, herding Mrs. Ramos before me.
She backed down the hall and into.a
bedroom. I. followed, as if I knew
exactly where I was going. The age-
old instinct of motherhood to protect
a own backed her up against the

ed.

Then she must have caught a
glimpse of her husband’s face over
my shoulder. She stiffened.

“There is no gun in this room,” she
said. I heard the panic in her voice.
Her denial had come too late. She had
ed me to the hidden gun, for, as I
lifted the corner of the mattress on
the bed that she had backed against,
there lay a thirty-eight caliber re-
volver.

I could see at a glance that the gun
had been fired’ recently. I spun the
cylinder—four of the chambers were
empty. A further search of the house
disclosed a bank book made out to
Ernest Dias. Four hundred dollars
had been deposited in the last few
months. All Dias could explain was
forty-eight dollars earned at work.

I placed. Dias under arrest: and put
him in the car and started for the
hospital where he would face Mary
Munoz. As we walked down the long
corridor, a nurse came out of Mary’s
room with a full dish of ice cream in
her hands. Mary had died of her
wounds and with her passing went
the only eye-witness who could iden-
tify her assailant. Again my case had
sprung a leak.

AT™ all, I did not have anything
on Dias. The first time he went to
court, he would walk out a free man.
Almost any attorney can explain a
check book and a revolver with four
empty cartridges.

I sent a deputy on the run for Ed
Bowers. In the meantime, by air mail,
the Sheriff’s office had sent Dias’ gun
and the bullets taken from the body
of Montero to Captain Crossman, a
ballistics expert.

Word came from the deputy that
he and Bowers were on their way in.

37

ange


Expoke to Merico ina converiutlonal
me, as though I did not have a doubt
s to the truth of what I was saying.
“You're a fine mob,” I sneered,
bumping off that poor fellow for
othing.”

Ile blustered, demanding to know
‘that I was talking about.

“Don’t give me that,” I snapped.
You were the caser—went into the
lace first to see if the coast was
car,”

He denied it. But after several
ours of grilling he began to weaken.
inally, he cried:

“TI didn’t do the shooting, though.”
“Who did?” I snapped.

“I won’t talk,” he mumbled, sullen-

“Then you want to take full respon-
bility, go to the scaffold for it, do
nu?” I asked. “Remember we have
itnesses. They saw the get-away.”

\8 I had expected, this broke him
down. He cried:

“Frank Campione and Tony Sansone
ere in on it, too.”

He said Campione lived on West
venty-Fourth Street and that San-
ne usually stayed with him.
“They'll kill you,. though,” he
arned. “They'll never give up with-
tt a fight.”

Placing Errico in a cell, we rushed
the South Side. We learned that
family named Russo lived on the
cond floor of Campione’s home; the
vodlum resided below.

Stationing Sergeants McGuire and
aowles in front, Chief Norton led
rgeants Grady, Alcock and me
ound to the rear. Lights were burn-
g in the first apartment. Should we
sh the house? It would be a dan-
rous move; before we could smash
‘wn the door'the gunmen might be
nding hot lead at us.

“T have it,” snapped Chief Norton.
Vhat’s the name of the family up-
lirs? Russo? Okay, follow me.”
He ascended the stairs to the porch,
aking an unusually loud clamor. His
t thundered on the portal. A woman
ym inside called out:

“Who’s there?”

I edged toward the protection of the
ick wall beside the door. It was a
klish moment; Chief Norton’s an-
er might bring a stream of deadly
igs through the thin panels.

‘Tm lookin’ for Russo,” Norton
ed. “Police officers. e got a war-
at for his arrest. Beating his wife.
en up. Is he there?”

The door swung open after a mo-
mt and a_ very relieved-looking
ung woman faced us,

‘Russo lives upstairs,” ‘she said.
Without a word Chief Norton
arged into the flat, flinging her aside
ighly. Into a lighted bedroom .he
lus. Two youths cried out in sur-
ise as we entered. One had been
tting on his socks, the other comb-
s his hair at the dresser.

[The second youth’s right hand
iked for a gun. Thin, wiry Chief
rton was on top of him in a pan-
like leap and flung him to the

ier side of the room before he could |

‘k up the weapon.

‘Hands up, smart guys!” he cried.
hil, put handcuffs on ’em.”

Che prisoners identified themselves
Nick Viana, 18 years old, and Tony
asone, also 18. While the prisoners
stested, we searched the apartment.
addition to the gun on the dresser,
found one in the pocket of a pair of
users on the bed and five more hid-
1 in other rooms of the house. We
0 uncovered a dozen boxes of car-
iges, two keen-edged stilettos, two
vad-bladed daggers, two pairs of
idcuffs and lengths of window sash
ves, such as are used by criminals to
ss up kidnap victims.

the woman, mother of a small child,
s Mrs. Frank Campione. Her hus-
id and a young man, Leonard
ipo, came in a few minutes later
| were taken into custody. In sep-
te cars, we transported them to the

alation, giving them nu opportunity to
talk together.

Hours of grilling followed. The
prisoners maintained sullen silence.
We noticed that Crapo, who was only
twenty, had something on his mind.
His hands were never still. In the
quiet of his cell he had bitten his fin-
gernails to the quick. He was or-
dered brought before us again and
again.

“Crapo,” Chief Norton said finally,
pretending to be reading from a state-
ment. “Here’s what Tommy Errico
says: ‘Leonardo Crapo is the man who
shot Kurbalanzo in the poolroom.’”

“It’s a lie! A lie!” cried the youth.
“I was there but Campione did the
shooting.”

“But you killed Bowman in the sa-
loon,” said Chief Norton.

“Guess you got me there,” said
Crapo, his head sinking on his breast.
“But he was crazy—tossed a stein at
me!” .

“And the customer, Wendel — you
murdered him,” declared Sergeant
Grady. 7

“Nope, don’t try to pin that one on
me. Errico and Viana took him.”

“But, Leonardo, you shouldn’t have
wounded those two policemen—Mc-
Nally and Carlin,” I said. .

“I didn’t. That was Viana. I was
ad running when he popped them
re) ”

“How about Santo Orlando? Who
killed him? Who dressed him in
women’s clothes? Who put him in the
canal?”

Overpowering fear in his expression,
Crapo became silent, refusing to an-
swer any other questions.

In an effort to trap Crapo, I en-
gaged him in apparently friendly con-
versation. None of the prisoners
showed signs of prosperity. I asked:

“What did you do with all the loot?”

“There wasn’t much left,” he snort-
ed, “when the boss got through. He
a dice with us in his poolroom
an ee

He caught himself and halted, cast-
ing a frightened glance at me.

“Who is the boss?” I demanded.

“Say, copper,” he pleaded, “forget
that I shot off my mouth like that. I
don’t want to die. The Devil will get
me. ”

“But he can’t get behind these
walls," I pointed out. “You're safe.”
“You don’t know The Devil,” said
the prisoner, solemnly. “Nothing can
stop him.” '
I could no more get him to talk

sa
further than I could get the walls to

speak. I ordered him locked up.
Viana was summoned again.

“Nick,” bluffed Chief Norton, “we
know all about The Devil and we're
going to put him in a safe place, where
he won’t be able to lure other kids into
crime, as he did you. Why should you
protect him? He ruined you. You
haven’t even ill-gotten gains! He took
it back in those dice games in the
poolroom.”

“So someone’s been talking,” he said,
quietly. “Well, I’m glad of that.
The Devil’s no damn good. He should
be hanged.”

Clr NORTON lifted his pencil
from the pad. on which he had
been taking notes.

“And son,” he asked, “what was the
address of that poolroom again?”

“Two-eighteen West Twenty-Second
Place,” replied Viana.

Fifteen minutes later Chief Norton,
Sergeants Alcock, Grady and I strode
into the dingy pool hall. It was fur-
nished with a small counter, display-
je Apel and tobacco, and three pool
tables,

A thick-set, swarthy man with evil,’

dark eyes and a low forehead was in-
side the curtained door.

“Our man,” I muttered, pushing a
thirty-eight against his ribs. i

He made a move to resist, but he de-
sisted when Sergeant Grady’s revolver
butt nicked his skull.

Chief Norton snapped handcuffs on

the prisoner's thick wrists us he vol-
leyed curses in Italian and English.

Identifying himself as Salvatore
“Sam” Cardinella, 39 years old, owner
of the pool hall, the suspect snarled:

“A businessman, Tam. A_ family
man—six keeds. You ain’t gonna get
away with this.”

At the station, members of the stick-
up gang caught sight of Cardinella as
we escorted him through the lockup
to a remote cell, They shrank back in
their cells in fear.

“You got him—The Devil,” whis-
pered Nick Viana.

Although we grilled Cardinella for
hours, he would do no talking. His
henchmen, however, became loqua-
cious after The Devil was placed be-
hind bars. Explained Viana:

“We didn’t want to talk much be-
fore, because if we did The Devil
would revenge himself by killing our
mothers or sisters. He said he would
when he warned us against squealing.
He’s locked up now, so we got nothing
to fear.”

“Disobedience to his orders meant
death,” explained Viana. “That’s why
Orlando was killed. He had been told
to change the license plates on the car
used in the Bowman murder. But he
forgot. The Devil learned that the
cops were looking for Orlando, trac-
ing him through the license. He was
afraid that Orlando would squeal, so
he said he was taking him out of town
to a hideout.

“He had him dress in women’s
clothes as a disguise, and with a fellow
named Frank Gibbia they drove off.
The next thing we knew we read in
the papers that Orlando had been shot
to death and tossed in the canal. When
we asked The Devil about it, he said:
‘That’s how I treat a squealer.’”

HE hoodlums’ stories implicated
other youths. We arrested’ Antonio
“The Rooster” Lopez, Joseph Costanza
and Sam Ferrara during the next few
days. They confessed to the murder
of Antonio Varchetto, a baker, shot to
death when he resisted a holdup. Two
others became the object of a wide-
spread search, They were Frank
Gibbia, and a man known only as
“Nigger,” who had had a part in the
Bowman and Wendel murders.

In addition to the police, relatives of
the slain Orlando were seeking Gib-
bia—and they found him first.

Gibbia’s aunt received a telephone
call on August 13, 1920. A man’s voice

id:
“Orlando has been avenged. You’ll
find your nephew in Chicago Heights.”

Bullet-riddled, the hoodlum’s body
was tossed from a speeding automobile
along a lonely stretch of Ridge Line
Road, four miles south of Chicago
Heights.

“Nigger,” however, never was cap-
tured.

After long-drawn-out legal battles,
The Devil, Errico, Viana, Lopez, Cos-
tanza, Ferrara and Campione were
ae of murder and sentenced to

eath,

Now how did Il Diavolo know he
wouldn’t die? Attend::

Because Errico talked, his sentence
was commuted to life imprisonment.

.Crapo and Sansone were sentenced for

life. And, except for the formalities
of hanging the condemned men, we
thought we were through with them.
We thought we had broken up the ill-
— gang; smashed Il Diavolo for
g

If it weren’t for the alertness of a
guard at the jail we would ‘have been
wrong. But that is another part of
this story, more stirring, more stun-
—_ than anything that has gone be-
ore.

A goodly bit of that part is on the
official records. Most of it is not; most
of it never was headlined in the news-
papers as the previous activities of the
gang ‘had been headlined. Furtive
whispers have carried the story
through the underworld and time has

Jent credence to rumors that might
have been considered preposterous
once,

These querulous rumors concern
Nick Viana, the handsome choir boy.
Nick was to be hanged on December
20, 1920. He had a strong tenor voice
and he used it to such advantage that
he became known as the “Songbird of
the Jail.” Even as he marched to the
gallows he intoned the notes of the
“Miserere” from “Il Trovatore.”

Without hesitation he strode across
the wide platform of the gibbet and
halted on the trap door. While a
deep hush prevailed on the prison the
black mask was placed over his pleus-
ant countenance and the noose adjust-
ed around his neck.

The silence was shattered by the
eery whirr and slam of the trap door
that plunged the erect choir boy to
grotesque, swaying doom.

In the mortuary room in the base-
ment of the jail, an undertaker’s as-
sistant waited. ,

“In an awful hurry, ain’t you?”
queried a guard.

“Yeah,” answered the undertaker.

“The Vianas want to get the kid un-
der the daisies pronto.” .
_ “Okay,” snapped a jail official, feel-
ing the strain every execution imposes
on prison attaches.. “You'll get the
body quickly; we want to get rid of it
as badly as you want it.” .

Just a few minutes after the choir
boy had been pronounced dead by the
jury of doctors in the shadows of the
scaffold, his body was lugged to the
waiting hearse and placed inside. The
back doors of the vehicle slammed
shut. Rapidly, a doctor and a nurse
began to work over the corpse. The
jail gates were opened and the death
car swung down the narrow alley be-
hind the grim prison.

“Looks like a doc and nurse in that
hearse,” muttered a guard. “Wonder
why?”

He dismissed the matter from his
mind, however, as the hearse disap-
peared into traffic. With the hearse
went the last official record of Nick
Viana, the last official story.

But there were unofficial stories—
rumors dank with mysticism. For Nick
Viana was to rise from the dead!

This is the fantastic story they stil!
whisper in the honky-tonk dives along
Chicago’s Rialto of the underworld:

After the hearse bearing Viana’s
body left the jail it sped to a hangout
in a near-by building. Wide doors
were opened to admit the auto; atten-
dants hurriedly pulled the body out,
carried it to a chamber fitted out like
an operating-rooni. Under the direc-
tions of a doctor they began to work
over it, applying artificial respiration.

Examining the red ring around the
neck of the choir boy, the doctor said:

“Strangled to death; the neck isn’t
broken. We may save him yet!”

Ten minutes passed.

The doctor with his stethoscope lis-
tened for the sound of heart-beats.
Finally he cried:

“He’s coming to! Work, men, work!”

Hurriedly he administered a heart
stimulant with trembling hands.

Color began to creep into the pallid
cheeks of the choir boy. A groan, very
faint but audible, welled from his
throat. He began to breathe with dif-
ficulty. The doctor, satisfaction and
relief in his tones, announced:

“He'll live!”

A gunman stepped forward.

“No! He'll die!” he snarled. “He was
a double-crosser. We just wanted to
see if this could be done. There’s
someone else coming back from the
dead. Let this rat die.”

And so Nick Viana, for whose death
the County of Cook takes credit, is re-
ported to have died a second time that
day—executed by gangland.

This is a weird and sensational story
I have to tell—a macabre tale which
I would hesitate to relate if. it were
not for the fact that official evidence
of its truth can be presented.

The details of this drama came

April | OFFICIAL DETECTIVE STORIES Will Be on Sale Friday, March 12


ge

—_——-}

usually to be found there with him.

Gathering two squads of detectives, I
lost no time in getting to the designated
location. We were going after killers and
I expected a gun battle, but hoped we
would be able to take our quarry by
surprise. A half block from the inter-
section I accosted a boy on the street. He
knew Campione and innocently pointed
out the house where the accused murderer
lived on the first floor. Having a plan in
mind, I learned from the boy that the
occupant of the second floor was a man
named Russo.

Sending half of my force to cover the
rear, I ascended the front steps with the
others. On the first floor my knock was
answered by a woman who spoke through
the !ocked door.

»'s there?”
vint to see Russo,” I answered.

“Upstairs,” she said.

“Don’t ‘lie to me!” I shouted. “I know
he’s in there.”

HE door ‘jerked open violently. A
young woman faced me and cried
angrily, “Who are you calling a ”

Guns in hand, we brushed past her and
dashed into the living-room. Three slim,
dark-complexioned _ youths leaped from
their chairs. One’ made a dive for a
dresser drawer. I managed somehow to
connect his jaw with my fist. and he went
sprawling to the floor. Within a few
seconds the trio were handcuffed.

There was a loaded revolver in the
drawer. Elsewhere in the apartment we
found five other guns, a quantity of am-
munition and four keen-edged stilettos.
While we were conducting our search,
another youth appeared and was also
taken into custody.

At the Detective Bureau we identified
our prisoners as Campione, twenty-two
years old; Sansone, eighteen; Crapo,
twenty, and one Nick Viana, eighteen.
The woman was Campione’s wife, and
mother of a small child. She was promptly
released after questioning showed that she
had had no knowledge of or part in any
crime.

I proceeded cautiously in my interro-
gation of the four young desperadoes. I
felt that here was our great chance to

estaly)) the identity of the elusive “II
Dia nd put an end to his depreda-
tions ‘| time. I was determined not
to s} ie opportunity by any precipi-

tate aciion.

Remembering the terror that “Il Dia-
volo” had instilled in Santo Orlando’s
heart, I warned my men against any men-
tion of the gang leader for the time being.
I didn’t want the prisoners so frightened
that wild horses couldn’t wring admissions
from them.

Studying the quartet as they sullenly
parried questions, I found my attention

caught by Crapo and Viana. Pale and
trembling, Crapo appeared to be the
weakest of the lot. Viana, who I had dis-
covered was a choir boy known to his
companions as the “Singing Kid,” had a
cold, calculating look in his eyes, as if he
were pondering the odds against him.

I made a swift decision to concentrate
on those two—the badly frightened one
and the unruffled, intelligent one—as my
best bets to achieve the gon! ‘!.' had
been mine since that June day Bow-
man and Wendel had been { mur-
dered in the saloon.

I halted the examination and ordered
the four placed in separate cells, my idea
being to give Crapo more ti to worry
alone and the “Singing Kid” sore time
for solitary thought.

Thirty minutes later I hurried to Crapo’s
cell. Simulating great excitement, I
shouted that the others had n»med him as
the actual slayer of the layer. It
was a time-worn ; lice rust it worked
like a charm on jittery hoodlum,

Crapo screamed tiiat he wouldn’t be the
“goat.” Talking rapidly, he admitted that,
he had participated in the poolroom hold-
up but, as Tom Errico had done, accused
Campione and Sansone of firing the fatal
shots. Answering my barrage of questions,
he confessed that he had killed Bowman,
the saloon keeper. Errico and Viana, he
said, had murdered Wendel. And Viana
had wounded the two detectives in the
street encounter.

We got the group together again, this
time including Errico, and Crapo repeated
his charges in their presence. After some
intensive questioning they admitted the
crimes attributed to them and signed con-
fessions to this effect.

They all denied that they knew any-
thing at all about the slaying of Santo
Orlando, their admitted accomplice in the
saloon murders. Their terror when Or-
lando’s name was mentioned told me more
clearly) than) words ti would-be
police informer had b: led by “II
Diavolo” himself.

We had accomplished much, but the
goal that was of the greatest importance
was yet to be gained. We still had to
find out who “Tl Diavolo” was. I sat alone
with Crapo for almost an hour talking on
a variety of subjects.
marked smilingly:

“You must have had a lot of fun with

all that money you picked up, Leonard.”
Carelessly the confessed slaver — re-
torted, “Naw. The Boss shot craps with
us in his poolroom and won al]——”
His mind caught up with his tongue.
The color fled his face. “Please.” he

begged, “don't pay any attention to that.
It—it’s not. true!”

I calmed the youth and went directly
to Viana’s cell. The “Singing Kid” eyed
me warily. He must have known that he

Suddenly I re-

was facing the gallows for the murder he
had confessed, but it was obvious that
there was something else on his mind. I
began to work on him, my ammunition
being the scanty information Crapo had
let drop. I showed a broad smile.

“Nick,” I said, “we've got ‘Il Diavolo.’
We captured him in his poolroom.”

The “Singing Kid” looked stunned.
Then slowly a look of triumph appeared
on his face. I continued to draw on my
imagination.

“Here’s something that'll make you sore,
Nick. He used Joaded dice to win your
share of the loot! We found the phonies
in the poolroom.”

Viana’s eyes spat anger.
crook!” he snarled,

I remembers} that this youth before me
invariably ended a week of crime by going
to church on the Sabbath and singing in
the choir.

“Nick, ‘The Devil’ is not going to start
any more kids on the wrong road. I know
youre glad of that. Tl tell you some-
thing. I haven’t made my report yet on
how T found out who Tl Diavolo’ is. TH
bet ib would mak: oon feel good if T let
people think that you were the one who
‘rinped up the rat. It would show your

nds and relatives that you wanted to
» for your sins, wouldn’t it?”

.\ warm glow spread over the young
killer’s face. “It would be niece,” he mur-
mured.

I took out notebook and pencil. “O.K..,
Nick. You just whisper his name and
address and I[’ll write it down here, just
like it was the first time I ever heard it.”

Nick’s voice was proud as he. said
firmly, “Sam Cardinella—218 West 22nd
Place.”

“The dirty

IFTEEN minutes later in a dark, grimy

poolroom I put handeuffs on Salvatore
“Sam” Cardinella, thirty-nine years old,
the father of six children. Swarthy, gross
of body, he cried, “Team honest business
man. I have nothing to do with crime!”

But the tremor in his voice and the
alarm in his evil, dark eyes belied his
words. Jubilantly I knew that here was
the infamous, long-sought “I] Diavolo.”

I examined several pairs of dice found
in the place. They were loaded. It wasn’t
even a little white |) that I had told the
“Singing Kid”!

Back at the Burea. | placed Cardinella
in a cell and brought his young followers
into the corridor to face him. “II Dia-
volo’s” eyes, baleful with fury, went rapidly
from one to another of the five faces.
lighting for his very life, “The Devil” was
striving desperately to exert the hypnotic
influence with which he had long kept the
youngsters in his power.

With a sinking heart I saw the youths,
the “Singing Kid” included, shudder and
recoil under the paunchy, big-jowled

I don’t know where it is.”

“I was hoping you’d come over.”
“I wanted to speak to you about the pistol,” she said.

“It doesn’t matter,” he told her.
But it did matter. Later the pistol was in his hand— i
Don’t miss this murder mystery—one of the most astounding of this century. In February MASTER DETECTIVE.

PASSIONATE PRETENDER AND THE GIRL WHO CHEATED DEATH

Nothing must go wrong at this tryst on the lonely road, a tryst that
1 But the plotters overlooked one minor detail—
The exciting story of this murderous plot is a “special” in the February issue of MASTER DETECTIVE. Don’t miss it.

They were waiting, the two men, to kill her.
was to spell doom for a beautiful girl.

MASTER DETECTIVE IN THE FEBRUARY ISSUE—NOW ON THE NEWS STANDS

STARLIGHT SNARE
He spoke softly.

“All that matters is you—”

CLUE OF THE SIXTH HAT

He thought cheap filling station robbers and desperate killers were two separate breeds of rats. He set his trap
for the former, but when it was sprung he found too late that a man with a
Here is an astounding story of check and counter-check as California sleuths
and ruthless as any they had ever encountered. You will fin
DETECTIVE, a Macfadden publication,

on sale at all news stands now.

“It was in the drawer when I left. If it isn’t there now—

gun is a rat, no matter what the breed.
track down a band of slayers as tricky
d this dramatic case in the thrill-packed February MASTER

82

TRUK DETECTIVE MYSTERIES


«

H
|
i
| i |
Ped
|
i
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t

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r

placing the defendant at the scene of a
murder at the time it was committed.
Shortly afterward, the “Singing Wid”
heard a jury decree death for him for the
slaying of Wendel. A death sentence was
also the fate of Frank Campione. Leonard
Crapo, Tony Sansone and Tom _ Errico
were more fortunate, their lawyers winning
verdicts of life imprisonment for them.
Still another trial resulted from admis-
sions made by Viana and the others. They
had nained Antonio Lopez, Joseph Cos-
tanzo and Sam Ferrara, also followers of
“Il Diavolo,” as the slayers of Antonio

' Varchetto, a baker, slain during a holdup.

These three young hoodlums were also
sentenced to death.

EGAL delays kept the “Singing Kid”

alive until December 10th, 1920. At
one minute after midnight on that morn-
ing—which was, incidentally, his nineteenth
birthday—Viana paid the supreme penalty
for the lawless life he had led. As he
walked lo the seaffold, his fine tenor voice
rang oul in song, He chose the “Miserere”
from “Tl Trovatore” for his requiem. He
was erect and unflinching as the black
mask fell over his head.

His courage could be traced to the sat-
isfaction he felt at revenge attained. His
last words were, “I’m not kicking. Sam
Cardinella will be stepping up here pretty
soon.”

“Il Diavolo” fought long and expensively
to keep himself from walking up those
thirteen steps to the gallows. Much of
the loot he had garnered had not been
recovered and he and his kinsmen spent
freely of it to save his worthless hide. But
all his legal tricks failed and with his
doom sealed, Cardinella went on a “hunger
strike.” Torty pounds dropped from his
squat, paunchy frame.

Late in the evening of April 15th, 1921—
which was scheduled to be Cardinella’s
last night on earth—I was in my office at
the Bureau preparing to depart for home.
I had no desire to witness the execution.
So far as I was concerned, the case was
ended.

Suddenly the telephone rang. Picking
up the receiver, I heard a man’s voice:

“Ym not, going to tell you who I am
and you'll never know. Cardinella did me
a great wrong and [ don’t want to see him
live. Listen! His friends are going to
grab his body right after the execution
and revive him. They know they can do
it, because they tried out their pla
Viana and he’s alive right now! You
get to the jail before they carry Car¢!
out. Hurry!”

I heard the click of a receiver. ‘Vix
mysterinns ©’ ‘4d hung up.

For « sat stunned and mo-
tionless. 1e sounded preposter-
ous, but ‘mant had spoken so
earnestly (.. vas convinced the plan
would be attenipled.

My eyes went quickly to my watch.
The hour was 11:50. And “Il Diavolo”
was to die at 12:01! If I were to frustrate
the brazen plot, I had only eleven minutes
in which to do it.

I could not get the county jail on the
telephone, as the wire had been discon-
nected. This was the practise on the
night of an execution to prevent tricksters
from delaying the course of justice.

Hastily rounding up a car and three
detectives I drove at top speed to the
prison, arriving there at 11:57. Not know-
ing at what section of the building the
expected action would take place, I posted
the men at strategic points around the
rambling graystone structure, then hurried
alone into an alley at the rear of the jail.
As a general rule, it was from the rear door
that the bodies of ‘the executed men were
sent out of the institution.

The alley was in almost total darkness.

84

I traversed its length cautiously, not
knowing what I might encounter, but. saw
no one and heard nothing but the echo
of my own footsteps. [was burning with
curbosity as to what sort of methods “TI
Diavolo's” followers were going to use to
transport his body away. If they expected
to restore life to him, they would have to
work mighty fast, I reasoned.

I looked at my wrist-watch under the
one feeble light that burned over the
prison’s back door. It was exactly 12:01—
the very moment the noose was scheduled
to be wrapped around Cardinella’s fat
neck. Then I heard the sound of a motor
and saw a flash of white as a vehicle
turned into the alley.

It came to a stop in front of the jail
door. I saw that it was a hearse painted
pure white. Gun drawn, I made a prisoner
of the driver, then flung open the rear
doors of the hearse. Inside were a man

Old County Jail in Chicago, where
Cardinelli was executed

and a woman, both in white, the woman
wearing a nurse’s cap.

“What does a dead man want with a
nurse?” J demanded sharply.

Their eyes wide with fright, the three
made no answer. My whistle brought a

‘ective. I instructed him to take the

» to the Bureau.

xamining the hearse I saw a small bed

t stretched down the center of the
chicle., On it was a rubber mattress filled

with boiling }c! iter. Heating pads
attached to an «iectric battery were in

readiness. At the head of the bed was

an oxygen tank and a shelf heid hypo-

dermic syringes. : » a large

wieloy basket — t! ed rubber

filled with hos wster. Apparently

is to be used to carry “Tl Diavolo’s”

‘> from the jail to the hearse. No

was to be lost in applying heat to the
strangled body.

I hurried into the jail moieue. Cardi-
nella’s body lay on a slab. His relatives
were signing the necessary papers to ob-
tain the release of the corpse.

“Cu ila’s body is not to be taken
out ur morning,” I instructed the jail
attaches. .

Their eyes flashing fire, +! hives
shouted threats at me. | n to

the Bureau for questi:

Dr. Francis MeNan se}
cian who bet pronounce . dead,
appeare: ' TL show: he para-
phernalr vad been set up to resusci-
tate “Th ”

“They iad a chanee for success,” the
physician suid gravely. “The shock of the

plunge from the gallows did not break
Cardinella’s neck. He died from strangu-
lation and asphyxia. Tf his neck had been
broken, the attempt would have been
hopeless.”

Cardinella had plotted carefully for his
return from the world of the dead. The
so-called “hunger strike” had been for the
purpose of reducing his weight and thereby
lessening the shock of the fall from the
scaffold. And at the last minute he had
simulated a complete physical collapse,
making it necessary to spring the trap
while he was seated in a chair on the
gallows. His head had sagged from side
to side, thus making it impossible for the
hangman to adjust the noose in a manner
that would insure the fracturing of the
neck vertebrae.

Questioning the occupants of the hearse
al the Bureau, I learned that the chauffeur
and the nurse had been hired by the other
member of the trio, who was a doctor.
In turn the physician said he had been
retained by anounknown man who, ina
telephone conversation, had promised him
$1,000 if he could revive Cardinella. The
doctor said he had picked up the hearse
at a designated street corner. After leav-
ing the jail with the body, according to
his story, he was to have driven along a
certain street until halted for further
instructions.

Recalling the tipster’s statement that
the “Singing Kid” had been restored to
life, I questioned the trio regarding this.
They denied knowing anything about
Viana or his fate.

In the morning “II Diavolo’s” body was
turned over to his kinsfolk. By that time,
needless to say, no miracle of medical
science or any number of thousand dollar
bills could give back life to this man, the
most vicious criminal IT had ever en-
countered. And Tomade it my business to
see that he was laid six feet. under ground.
He was followed to the cemetery by a
detail of police.

There were no prosecutions as a result
of the macabre plot. The doctor, nurse and
chauffeur were released after the State’s
Attorney gave the opinion that while a
crime had been attempted, none had been
committed. Likewise, Cardinella’s rela-
tives went free. As might be expected,
they swore they knew nothing of the
scheme.

IMMEDIATELY sought an answer to

the question as to whether Nick Viana,
a man legally dead, was enjoying the breath
of life. From out of the “Little Italy”
colonies came a strange tale. This was
that the “Singing Kid” had been revived
by the plotters, then, as he gasped for life.
sent back to death because he had been
a “squealer.”

I could not confirm this weird story, but
I did get satisfactory evidence from. re-
liable persons who had been at the funeral
that Nick Viana was dead and buried.

With his wanton disregard of human life
and the strange power he brought to bear
on vicious young hoodlums, Sam Cardi-
nella was one of the most dangerous
criminals this nation has ever known, An
appalling picture of what might have hap-
pened if he had been restored to life in
the hearse'that night has been given us
by some legal authorities.

These authorities contend that if “TI
Diavolo” had been resuscitated he could
have re-embarked on a crime career of
even greater magnitude without fear of
prosecution, You can’t arrest a dead man,
and, they reasoned, in the eyes of the law
he would have been legally dead.

Certainly not a pleasant situation to
contemplate. The city of Chicago owes a
debt of gratitude to the anonymous person
who telephoned me eleven minutes before
the execution.

TRUE DETECTIVH MYSTERIES

=e

rder he
is that
ind. I
junition
po ha

diavolo,

tunned.
ppeared
on my

‘ou sore,
vin your
» phonies

ne dirty

efore me
by going
inging In

z to start
J know
ou some-
rt yet on
ois. Vl
ad if I let
one who
show your
wanted to
+)?
the young
” he mur-

il “O.K.,
pame and
here, just
heard it.”
s he said
West 22nd

iark, grimy
1 Salvatore
years old,
urthy, gross
st business
ith crime!”
‘e and the
belied his
it here was
Diavolo.”
dice found
d. It wasn’t
mid told the

| Cardinella
ug followers
a. “Il Dia-
went rapidly

five faces.
© Devil? was
ihe hypnotic
ong kept the

» the youths,
shudder and
big-jowled

Ee |

rANDS

now-——

ECTIVE.

‘st that

niss it.

vis trap

breed.
. tricky
AASTER

eee ee

CVE MYSTERIES

Jeader’s steely gaze.

And then “Il Diavolo” lost his head. He
began to scream imprecations, at the same
time beating his fists impotently against
the stout bars.

I heard a roar of laughter. It was com-
ing from the “Singing Kid’! The choir
boy had broken through the bonds of
criminal serfdom with which the now
caged ruler had held him. The others
looked startled for a moment, then they,
too, broke into loud, mocking laughter. At
last. they were free of fear.

Revising their confessions, the five stated
that Cardinella had sent them out on
every crime ip which they had taken
human life.

In addition, their signed statements
cleared up approximately one hundred un-
solved armed holdups, all of which they
said “Il Diavolo” directed. Further, they
confessed almost fifty armed robberies of
homes in which men and women had been
tortured into giving up their valuables
and so terrified that they had not made
reports to the police.

Forgetful of his own predicament, his
eyes glowing with the spirit of a crusader,
the “Singing kid” applied. the coup de
grace to the inhuman trainer of young
murderers. He told how Santo Orlando
had gone to his death.

ee killed Santo because of
the license plates mistake and also
because he suspected Santo was going to
turn informer,” Viana said. “He didn’t let
on to Santo, though. He told him to dress
in a woman’s clothes and said he would
help him hide from the police. I saw Sam
take a gun and get into a car with Santo
and Frank Gibba. When Cardinella and
CGibba came back, Sam said that Santo
would never talk to a cop again.”

Now Gibba’s capture became all im-
portant. Undoubtedly he was the one
man who could swear that he had seen
‘ardinella personally commit a murder.
Without such testimony, members of the
State Attorney’s office doubted that they
had sufficient legal evidence to convict
“T] Diavolo” of first degree murder, the

only type of verdict carrying the death

sentence.

While we were figuratively turning Chi-

cago upside down in our hunt for Gibba,
Cardinella asked to see me in the county
jail.
“You will never hang me,” he said, an
oily smile on his moon face. “But I don’t
want to spend the rest of my life in prison,
There will be $50,000 waiting for you if
you will arrunge it so that T ean escape
from here.”

“Take the $50,000 with you, Cardinella,”
I retorted. “Where you are going you can
use it for firewood.”

Two days later I was given a convincing
demonstration that “T] Diavolo’s” power
soared beyond prison walls. Frank Gibba
was found shot to death on a lonely road
in Chicago Heights. Somebody outside
was still serving the dark-visaged Boss.

Despite this stunning set-back, Cardi-
nella was indicted for first degree murder
in the death of Orlando. Two months
later he was called to trial before a jury
in the courtroom of Judge Kickham Sean-
lan. The bulwark of the state’s case was
the “Singing Kid’s” testimony from the
stand that he had seen Cardinella take a
gun and depart with Orlando on the auto-
mobile ride from which the latter had not
returned alive.

Viana’s quiet, brooding earnestness im-
pressed the jury, so much so that after
brief. deliberation its members sentenced
“J] Diavolo” to death. Legal authorities
said it was the first time in the history of
Illinois that a death verdict had been
rendered in a case where the prosecution
could not produce eye-witness evidence,

mancu, Edt :

PRIVATE KELLY’

—__but he’s out

¢ PIPE WAS SMELLY

of the dog house now!

out, before I lose my temper!”

“NO BLANKETY-BLANK rookie
whosmokessuchblankety-blankety-
blank tobacco can ever marry my
daughter! Phew! Get out and stay

“THE OLD WALRUS sure told me
off!” gloomed Kelly. “Wonder what
dollar-a-pound mixture he smokes?
Fat chance I could afford such-like
on the slim pay J get around here.”

“LOVE HIM, DO YOU?” growled
the Colonel. “Tell him the Army’s grance under
favorite pipe tobacco is Sir Walter
Raleigh. Men ought to be ordered to
f burleys!”

Id blend o

smoke this mi

yyy cater tape
around lid seals

flavor. in, brings
you tobacco 100%
factory-fresh!

KELLY GOT DECORATED for fra-
fire! You can, too!
You puff Sir Walter in your pipeand
every nose agrees it’s the brand of
grand aroma! Two full ounces, 15¢.

83


wih ¥

CONSTANZO and FERRERS, whites,

Nana eee
5 ai

a) aap

waeen pga ‘an
Cancel. Gas!
_Mask sk Orders!

WH Lin ermittent odor, ee

: hdesoribable and obnoatous, ee
aod fare ts disrupt: tha equanimi y,
re Boifers and residents bf the north
i F sRore Iing the last few Ww iweeks. i

rieve Gif ts Is tormiahed an tinpioasho mgater

Residents of Highiand P rk were a

as

: ach Other. juaned mbers of thi, Onwenta! ih,

Ma ches note on Yap.

em
age

A ECR ERPS ORC MALTS

DOCLInk. Skokie, and Exmoor clubs
if found the atmosphere on certain after
SEARS HENNING. neons unbearable. , Many golfers of?
Co April Wee fspes Pthe Vist named club had Biven up the:

‘ " ;
Special guards kre n,
kas noi! Fame in disgusy rs axed

: ‘ } for the four hang ings at the county!
goo) > Samuels. Bois, Wrtork-y te dail tamprrow'| mogning, (gllawing the
oe oa and he Village of Iie * Bisclosure late yesterday thal a ptot
ve J arkwodid aw Dit pf. ale “Uthing. ito bo ithe Jali with nitrogly: tin had
All the Md ay w ind Blows.” been frustrated. ae i

* ay P of ae iy o 3
righty in m . y Sor 4h % Jailer | } George "iNeperita Line and)

the contiséated- ‘ ; ES 8, he gE r ah other oft als VOiod! the beltef|that the!
A way intl” biew y r
Nialempires: ay oe Wink! biews. W he Nothe bree | Placing of the ‘hit delycerin, which was!
c: " x '
ene ym of tre lake, ali was well. | found in“ murderpr's row,"
Vien ite as westerly y
HE ptkencd i hota conspiracy to free Sami
. ose ce aoe i ze
fet ched:his nose in elodqus \i.Daht-\ leader of the netor ous Cardin
v% time,
revised an} : Vs S Of rablaies and ders gard} ella is)
. Just.to the west of uo i :
ty means 3 z ; ey Ligne of the vur m4n condemned to die |
t ‘ A 6 4
pliuanned toc. ki eae ae a ‘ a olmety; i othe: gallows: tofnorrow, he Other:
Urrmany® withet ating misal compar y2 AW nu three are Antonio fopez, Joe Costanzo, }
APPT Orecen ty: a umd Ferrara, fill canvicte
"ng Antonie vere hettes dure PAIN ic
SEM tel wetter y

Soma today epn
nimiuetion. in the
jon deslaring

emicals wad eft an
She crn faire 64 ie)
sO Cantey Gag : + ;
ET the Crinb int ho co) Curdinella’s Tbst Hope Gone,
hires WE oe tee meg The tlnury that farcetfort Was being
’ made to save Cu With given /
eaihle 0 | impertan Patches from}
ad that ope fer
CA sete tation of sertence,
y pardon for -Cardineia’ had been
Protests wert Aled with ie pbractiody “abanddeedo it had been
Park business: Men's ASKO- earned, the dispat¢hes stated, that the!
while Charles Grant oF beurd of pardons Would take n action ;
; : ‘on Cardinelia’s plea for, @ stay of the |,
the matter ap with A | execution. |
eae cougen when it mects Friday ! ‘This automatiea! Y paces th initta- |
roght I « crday, ‘andsoash | tive in the hands or - > Both

Jere Spey bs
them 5 remeds the evil teois Mae i the Rovernor and Rhe le

stacies to Ameri)
nart of the Ver. “ble a denderizer may be paced ft he Pernor leave the sufte tomorroyW mern-

tiie OAly feastblevale: | PAN, Orie at wil haletebe de Cig On an aAUtemot) le tout of sputhern '
aes Sai EHUE es ed a peblic nulsanen 27 : Wiseornsrehighwask. During their ub: MAIMED

roe the attentian of bran

teveiver for the Gat Lak vernor
pe Sirs calvompany, He expyessed wil BY RENRY
ingness to robperate “in +yopping the | Telly of Figding Nitro. <b sathicage Tribune F
maniifacture of the offending che ee Fuepect fot. tol bomb ‘the LCansric he: 1.9 By

i's pnehtied E k Went lof the atd' pro tem acting
\s Ww %
Fr/ean contentions

'h take nohiétion.
ind Japan have sot? take nohiction

wa With. suggestion

oh toyed be Tapas peele, ' eeounty Jail with ube’ object of| freeing!” PARIS, sere: 13

Makes St. Andrew Happy. i €Rrdinellp became fahown whe Jailer | srutitated Trai

ater, “ Mighty ‘riad to hear {t.” commen “ee avid of the fi ipa oe g nitro! he.oMices of t

Aethat tae contro: |

hy t
eee thok, to. deal fms last night Io you know, 1-su Tat Was Rica giles id, that as mation |

ipected fur a time that this | was obi fwd - ed ‘the | Jalk officials ten, Bari. Eee: i

fapecics of Blue Sunday propaganda: @ ys ago hat), frignds of Cardinetin ith morals i
What They Did. “drive the Sabbath golfer off units | ere plotting U0 effect hiy releque. An! The seizure Way
tminietration leo Litnd into tbe elhacehes™ Limmedia « soareh , p Smur | the Shekree an
tYe Yap at TO Several mashic Urtiste- are oeabd D | Merete’ rps “qnd {hi 4 found | ¥ hepa j while; tht
beto serterall Tate! oo pangeled th orders for. gdqs ( dow . heures! without jobs.
wor the Cfilted Ftalens Cate 7 the bet raids ald binds Me employs
Tokio ip reported to! rip.) ie office wor
‘ mf here duri

pening ie. Huston POLICE SHAKE A.

and general mandate | ee irgesds Ui: hd

from at other urs!” WICKED SPONGE i age ok ek rho cack
the allfes are called ‘ ‘ | e ey one
irtly what they have! ‘IN N. Y. HOMES i OR jb cae
Ueflance of aresise mtb New. York. April, 13,-E-[ SpeciAl.] pt ¢ mn
| The police, in theif drive here to ef-}-

ind that the wreteste? | force thejnew state liqu law, beg bel
AngioJapanene treaty | the invasion of mira partmen
come involved in the! aay.

tween” the «United | A party pf seemen | at fuded q

t Britain i the- Yap ‘ait “gp horie 7 being en by Mr

‘date question {4 not; lonnia Meress, 470 Rest One Munvl
‘istection of the Unit! had rife street. Hntering with-

> ere but a Warrant, they placed the host

‘is thal the Mnited | under arrest, ulleging that they
wowit Ale i ‘s tet a) 6 2 bs

poe
SEIZE |
aca We Rie MeN ohete thc sae sence WIE, Jowett of Lewistown, pres WOMEN’ S JOBS

m3 oo: bringtield d Sere ON ITALY ROADS

WALES. |

jen News Service, }

he Chirago ‘Thoune
~—[{Ry Wireless, J—
ur veterans seized"

llways in Rome):

and he) 6d St. Andrew, pitran susnede, the golf- ' yeerin. us ? l asian, Turin, Bote na, Genoa, Naples.

a proteat aca st
rent of women

e compantes have | hat te
her, ;
a; ee ee