Cok Gea ashing of Bottom © ae * «a. Handle, Texas
sevcived a Pet rote i oot atrocious
cold-blooded» > ver recorded fot ais of this
country, + oe 4 Man named too “ho Owns
© grains awdian, hag bees 9+ sed of
ror iw murder of the Casner tint swent
«tinue to einen the suspicion until it > almost
ne a certai he recent premeditates! 9: e and
ruveery which pr. committed upon the person of
in front af che sictim’s dwelling in the presence of Bes
an’ -overal other witnesses, proves him to be ampis - civh
“uaag the Casner Brothers for their gold and sheep, winen
ster were found in his possession.
This man Bottom had been taken by the surviving brothers
of the murdered Casners, on the suspicion that he knew some-
thing of the murder, and after giving them the desired infor-
mation and satisfying them of his own innocence, he was re-
leased.
Mr, Goodfellow had started to Trinidad [Colorado after
a/load of goods for his ranche before Bottom was released, and
on-his way back was told that some of Casners’ friends were
waiting at the ranche to kill him. Instead of going there to be
illed he skipped out for Elliott. On his arrival there he reported
to the commanding officer that he knew where there was some
yovernment property concealed, and asked for a detail lo go
with him after it. In compliance with his request the scout [S.C.]
McFadden and six or seven soldiers were sent. They went
“ereetly to Goodfellow’s ranche, and the next morning MeFad-
don and three soldiers went away with Goodfellow, ostensibly
in search of the stolen property. After a while they came in
sight of a house in front of which two men were standing
Goodfellow intimated that this was the place they were looking
for. As they approached the place, Goodfellow, wh:
dressed in soldiers’ clothes, rode ahead and up to the tw
vne if bis rame was Bottom, Upon being answer;
as, and beiove any one had an idea of what hr
! Mr. G. deliberately shot the man. MecFadier
(“righteucd b. ote shot and tried to run witi
i stop hin: and get back to the spot G
‘hie horse and shot the man a sevond time oy
«
ack
ose
before
“had
fellow
Asay isi
then took the murdered man’
returned to the fort, No ste; sire toward U
this bad Goodfellow for tv ’ so days, when so.
soldiers notified the comm. ed th
a full report to the Colonel « ipany. T
commanding officer to a ser duty, and Goodfelle
arrested,
MA’ .% iAa??
KILLING IN TH PAN HANDLE
Ft. Elliott, May 12. 1877
Editor Dodge City Payer ° | am astonished at a sta
ment in your last, and!" > 5 » down Har who made it dare
not give his name
la.
Some time ap me. tana Sorty killed two brothers
named Casner and the Indian boy herding the sheep, then went
and made a proposition to a friend of his to drive the sheep
down to Goodfellow’s store and sell him the sheep, stating that
Goodfellow was buying all the sheep he could get. This friend
—by name Nicholas Martin—was horrified at the murder, and
instead of going with Sorty, he and a cousin killed Sorty, they
went and buried the men, gathered up the stock and turned it
was at Trinidad for goods, the brothers of the first mon
came into the Canadian settlement ['Tascosa}. Their names a:
John Casner and Louis Casner, and they had wi
hired murderers---by name Harrison, from the Cimaron, N. M.,
one of the men who rode with Tora Stogton when he rode
through New Mexico and killed o-
1,700 head of cattle. Second, Jat
from near the same place; Lea
These men rode to Nicholas’ h
Roitomea, anoth
uf one name ankno
and called hina oat,
8 Leigh Dyer
a brother of ¥
Nicolas Martin «~
the Canadian 1
Duro Canyon ir
County census rolls
22, may have been
vriter referred
f Martin. J, Evette 1.1
his Charles Goodnight, (ov
2-290,
ae one of the first r
Tver and of *"
Martinez bh:
» Vdham ©
ther,
vount of the
usman, U1. of Oklahon: +
Thenge Cty Times
av. fun chen, but for the inter-
r, Chane: x, would have killed the women
ae 4 avy took all the money she had, also
the horses es. ¥ss they then went to Caaamero Romers
VCralemies dor oe and robbed him of his gun and field glass.
There esared their intention of kuling on sight George
+ ivan Tean, Osay Samora, two other Americans and
exttellow. A friend mounted his horse and notified Good-
fellow, and he left his goods, procured a horwe and went ¥
Elliott for help returning to his ranche, and with & detall of
soldiers going down to Hurban Lucero’s house, knowing he EY
guns belonging to Government they near a Mexican ge — on
John Bottom and a man named Strong. On riding up Good + ed
said: “This is one of he men; have any of you got handeuf ‘a?
Bottom immediately made a move to take out his pistol and
commenced stepping back, when Goodfellow shot him, but
did not get off his horse. The horse has been sent to the owner,
who Bottom stole him from, also the pistol has been returned
to the widow of the murdered man Nicholas. The other pistols
have all been sent to the owner, and also the saddle and bridle.
Every bit of the property has been returned to the owners from
whom the murdering gang stole it. Bottom was not nearer than
5 miles of his own place, and never had a family. Goodfellow
ig gustained by the entire population, and immediately came to
Fort Elliott and gave himself up, and claimed protection from
the murderers Casner, Harrison & Co.
All of this statement is correct, and will be sustained by
the evidence now in the hands of the commanding officer and
G. GC. Buman, Casamero Reno, [Casimiro Romero] and all the
officers of Fort Elliott.
These Casners have money, and have proposed to Jack
Martin to hire him and he is now in their gang to hunt who
they can murder.
Hoping in justice you will print this, I am, sir, yours respect-
i Patrick H. Montage
Can you publish the name of the other statement of Hm"
1 expect it is Harrison the murderer,
eaen of them shot onc sb
vate letter to a friend. The
letter was not writter: for pub-
lication. We are neat at liberty
® » obtained the particulars
agen which the other state-
ment was based from a pri-
+ fomero, a sheepmar, was the founder of Tascoaa,
May 1877
to give the name of the au-
thor.
We know nothing of Mr.
Patrick H. Montage, the writ-
er of the above letter. He
seems hostile to Mr. Harrison
with whom we are slightly ac.
quainted and who appears te
be a square, upright man. —
Ed
Another Version
Ft, Elliott
Pan Handle, Texan
May 7, 1877
Mr. Editor Dodge City Times
Dear Sir-—{ wish to vive you
the true facts of the murder
committed by Mr. Goodfellow
and Lieut. Witherall (Charles
T. Witherell, 19th Infantry]
on the Cimaron, April 25th,
as near as possible.
This man John Bottom, who
was murdered, was an impor-
tant witness against Good-
fellow in having the Casner
brothers murdered. Mr. Good-
fellow came into the fort and
claimed that he wanted some
soldiers to bring in some gov-
ernment property which he
knew of. So he and his part-
ner, Lieut. Witherall, got an
escort from the post com-
mander, and a scout, McFad-
den. They started for their
ranche, or more properly
speaking, deadfall. Arriving
within a few miles of their
deadfall they went into camp.
Mr. Goodfellow and Lieut. W.
mounted their horses. Arriv-
ing at their place after davi
they made a bold charge. Dis-
mounting, the brave Lieut, W.
we a position in front of
‘wir dugout with a rifle to
vectder cocked ready, while
cdfellow crept cautiously
' the roof to the door and
erped on the door with his
sistol, An old gray headed
Mexican poked his head out
ie door and asked in Spanish
«iat he wanted, when in hor-
ror and dismay the brave man
» front of the door threw
down his rifle and ran some
sutdred yards or more before
his partner, Mr. Goodfellow,
could make him understand
that it was only their inter-
preter and clerk, so the brave
Lieut. Witherall and his war
chief were bound to have
blood, and the white race had
to suffer. Mr. Goodfellow got
an order from Lieut. Wither-
all for scout Mcladden, a
corporal and two private sol-
diers to go with him. Good-
fellow, borrowing a suit of
clothes from one of the sol-
diers, in disguise himself start-
ed down the river, coming to
s Mexican house, where they
came up to the house and
wed Mr. Bottom out. Not
coving Goodfellow in dis-
sise, he shot Bottom without
ng his gun off the eaddle
» saying half a dozeu wards,
“he ball striking him in th. ton
ef the stomach, then got off
his horse and gave him several
shots from his six shooter in
i, There was a
company wit
. om by the name of &
from the East looking up 2
ek range to stock
sheep. Mr. Goodfellow £
marked that they ought to kil!
that son of a b—— too but
yuessed he would net.
Lieut. Witherall mounted,
vode up the river to inform
the lovely senoritas what they
had done, and on return-
ing to their deadfall he in-
sisted that Mr. Goodfeliow
should kill another man by
the name of Emery or they
could not do business with the
flexiean people, but Goodfel-
low would not, as he was too
old; then returned to the post
without finding any govern-
ment property, which, if the
Lieut. W. had looked for he
could [have] found plenty, as
Lieut. Witherall & Co., is
doing a thriving business—a
government tent for. 100 sheep
pelts. It was by hard persua-
have to
does ne
in the guard house
der.
Mr. Goodfellow 5
quest to the comm ‘
post that he might go and visit
an aged mother he claimed to
have at home, but it would not
work. Then they employed 8
lawyer of note by the name of
Wycoff. Attorney Wren?
tested on the plea that »
a British boy, and claims
Majesty’s protection. a
ing his release or it wi
in a serious conflict betweer
the United States and Her
Royalty. Yours.
H. Harrison
MAY 26, 1877
Indians Defeated by Sixty Hunters in the Pan Handle
In the Times of March 175 we gave an account of
deeds perpetrated by Apache Indians [from New Mexic
the first of last March upon hunters near the Double Mo
This week one of the hunters who went out on a mi
vengeance arrived in Dodge City and gave us 2:
the engagement which resulted from the expedition.®
5 The March 17, 1877, issue has not been preserved.
arly’ part
e him to
hore were:
p, besides
Anvited,
sesses of
LAINS €n-
a adjoin
have dis
Pontas James
ST 6-33/85%
7 ¢ D
‘tobucci hant With porn OL 17 wey eo
wed, masrehant | ith the applization of them to this case, We Have
ing eee con nothing %6 do; it is for oux’principal to jae ee a
dices hur cit. had endeavor him from. the prosecut fon of his
Breet nis al ur git of | yagens etree tnd or bn ks ck
Riteraren Madeiccat:. wrharcoud weve ia- | SteDsas be may deem pFOper 1 test the legal ques
Re Nin i ase oulesion ofthe orti | tien affecting hisrights. AUL that we destre is 19 os:
feed omraelees from ihe Lraptation of meditating de-
Sane contrary to the laws of our comtry, aad of the
Chort to accomplish them by aresort te conceatment
Distaebaas beyend cumpreaeasion:
Sheng mot caceed:nety wealthy, My, Warkise
Was Welt vif. sad disze
Spa sabtertoge, and we belleve the inere explanation /
ot cur connection with the affatr wil suffice to ex-
v 3 a his. hospituiities with >
‘Couriewus and erner
‘onerate us from alt ev
is band. His handseme man-
Sor isupon @ hign buff just below Carter’s Lancing,
i mes River.ane nas silrarted tee attention
Passengers or the stéamers plying up and down
the boole Jaizes. It iss fine, spacious viifice. pai
‘ed while, and. surrounded by a cluste: “of peautifal
shadowy trers. :
Ye leaves quite a famty, suddenly planged foto
fhe deepest offiicvon. A vite, highly esteemed, ant
pest
nildren, besides a mother, sisters and Broth
here existed dev .
imputation’.
E. LAFITTE & CO,
Cxasuzstox, Monday; June 7, 1858.
a
A Chapter of Tragedies.
LYNCH-LAW IN TRXAS—PIVE. PERSO
‘A Texas paper has. the: following
day night, May 22, a party of armed ren, supposed to
eabetit thity wh nuinber, disgel black an
white mosks, suddenly macs their appearenc> at the
Mirsien ot San Jose, distant four miles from San An-
feno. In front of one of the houses in the Mission~
fo men were sleeping In *he open alr, as is
: his season. These ten, Faure Lives
Nicayox Uapranes, were taken int: stody dy
cers, and a third, Pasto LonGosta. 2e -ring &
the door, was also seized.” A
then entered the house,
Ss KILLED.
gi “On Satur.
Bieat, were Tews, Wl ation,
painfiily bereeved. Au intense excitement prevails
Threuxbows te community at this uotiavely ant ter
ie assassization. Of guurse. ‘the es pegroes ere
‘of a te
be
‘boy
thieai
Dowsar
exsed on
essity for
ber from
father, in-
bus virtue,
er. Svcd
the two,
Lhereupon
and found
the prison
by the
of alt: thst
any other
jraliy.mare |
e-
In eizborste
hibited a
aronghout.
£ term, six
remais in
vitimaely
Inere.
lol, Wink,
| emhbet
in the pres. j
houst to ar
the'defence
bx Srawaste |
hs aspirants
ewaat will
Ine succeed,
Democratic.
pr, and even
FAvould be 2
ity. a3 State
of legista-
qan’s true
f more upon:
of the in
The |
Abn ashipg
corzse of 4 chu
some wamen. At first flvizaa could aci be found
mut ov one of the party striking 4 ight he was discor-
ered hiding in the chimney. He was arought out and
places with tae rest. Yr asking some question:
leaving « guard to prevent their being followed,
the party, with their prisoners in charge, lett the
Mistion, | Proceecing some distance, they halted,
in the morning, the bodies of the
of atree-close by 7
Uuuld have besa is yet aanystery. Yours,
JAMES RIVER.
The Position of Virginia ox the Siave-trade
and Bteorion.._
i
i
L
(wo upon azote!
have enly recently returned from the Pei
ih.
tentiary . |
eason Unpiais, 18
5 said te have belonged
to Laredo, and had not long been a remdent at the
mission. ‘Tne horrors of ihe Hight were not vet
The party cirected. their course to the Mi
‘of Pspaca, Gistant about five inties from: Ss
iheir arrivel they Kuocked at the door of
facafy Leat, and roustog him from 3
here the Ganctas lived.
‘Not
Wig the purport of the visit, Muscascs pointed
j howee close by. TY
au
of
wi OF
federation under sucha comsition Tae
iSst fafamous trafic is a part of the guts
fo which the people xf Varga hare const rf
oe farmacin of ee Exon, Whee 2
F present adie representative at the
piiead his name, together wita the |
SEANAN AL2 2UEBRE SOULE, tO the |
the Siave-trade, he save
i nt, HE wae
ia
solemn. protkst, 3
FantOtl EX
2 Lue Virgink
} astute ciplomatic acting In the name
Confederation.
If, then, wren:
tade thee Ee
house
eg TEsheer Gants, ant
timo of ms cous were avleev. Roused by the |
the young mien: started bp and arm}
Rbemsetves. Neveral discharges took place. |
a princivic Proueso Gaucta coming «to the _ door,
aoe
Roatnern Crpteferatiun,
ssuate iefare we give
instiixtion sah
States of the Unien |
ican Confederation *
on the basis of Sta
the independent contral |
ve
ai
i
1
i
lace, One
pping bis be dehiad.
jose é that killing th
enicditated, The other Vict us are said
| thieves: quilt or TaLoteL.ce #e KNOW Rot
2) but theirexreatian inthe mabner described wa:
{a tioleucn at the laws of n. Tue widow
ot ria Lynchers, is
edead. She Was quite # SOUR and left
ee cidiizen, one of them 2a Ix weeks old.
end weld ed 7
deol interests ef Virgs
prereAices:
ter we found it
tesa fi tnx
who wffect
ae
| where he got it; that he #
| at the adjourcment cf
Po murres.
Te!
Spy
eh counterfeiting
the Sre-place.
had gaines a decidealy ruj
snd the lack
ture by the def-ndantss some
clined to find in thefy favor. ‘They were. out
time. and came back, saying that they were uaable to,
agrze.. One of them stated that he had no objects
to sitting it out, but i¢ was hard he snoald have tod
so, just because some people had no brains. This
sigiement, however, wes without effect om the obstl
nate jurers. Judge Brats told them if was very im)
portant they should agree, because there could be no)
Courtfer more than a week longer, as the comrt|
room inus! thenbe xiven up, and it would be very B
to keep the mer in confinement ait Summer loz
‘The jury retired, and had not agreed at the adjourn
ment of Court : °
‘Mr. Tinelii appeared for the defence.
PASSING COUNTREPEIE COI.
The United States ve. Antonio Cappell.— TM D
over was accused of passing a counterfeit qu:
dollar, The sum of the evidence was that he of.
fered the bad quarter at a fruit stand ia payment fo
an apple ; that the apple seller told him it was bad:
he asked for it back again, and said he would tell
“as arrested and searched
and had a quantity of pennies In bis possession,
that some time: before he had passed a haif doliar 01
the same apple dealer, which aftersards turmed o
tebe bal. ‘The Jury m this esse aiso had not agreed
Court,
the defence.
‘Mr, Sanford appeared for
SUPREME COURT—Sercrat Tram,
DECISTOSS.
2 ELEADING.
WN. J. Weskburn vs. J. Fo. Frantlin—Thi
was an action on stock contract. The complaint did
hot aliege that the plainti was owner, or that th
Contract for sale wes in wring. The defeadant de}
Juégment for piaina® on eemurrer, wi
Tease fo defendacttu withdraw demurrer and aal
safer on judgment 0° costs
EAcUEES TOR NEGLECT TO PAT INTRERST OX A MORTGAG|
Not To AFFECT THE FORECLOSTEE.
Francis Fermix et ab—in
Urst no Cesuant has bee
+ deferdunt aise sates that he has paid into Com
interes” aud interest thereen and costs, a
‘that the complaint missed, with cos
of Ris, EnSWer
rt tH
d asd
ts fro
Bl
} from the det
ions Of
ay evening +
6 froin CBicago, hav- |
‘Scawaa?®, the alleged pottoner
Hotel, some weeks since.
tonght no le:
acexhilited sears whi
she stai She a
she Is ontic thang
$10,600 Rerusny. Con:
Cecteuer We are b-
ephe south, Was, 2
ture Hs ov.
#0 from, ening the suspected
isening, she is communicative, ‘She achnow ledges
ithe sere Seavuiz some wine, at Hornelisvilie,
t Geiss that it was poisoned, stating that sne
i fit herself. In regard to tae money,
assumes entire norance, though § cen-
‘that she saw five or six ‘hundred dollars
1 knew that he had more on de-
a On ber person was found
a ietter inelosing #10, from her husba: id, Joux Geozve
ScowantZ, dated at Dansville, May 23, 1358, aid di-
pected to Mount Morris, ‘Tne money was to convey
her tu Germany, for which country she had procured
eesport: arriving at New-York she made the
Guaintance of Suvizz and @ yousz German, whe
(ont to Chicage—the person suspected of deing her
confidant end accomplice. She states, tnat the story
| Of her husband's haying anviher wife I a fi
hoo that of her havine been engaged in due!
pends aoc voftne | says that ale und her husband Rave alw
tae Ee hmble and | reputable churacters during their ten years! fesitence
i in'chis county.
| & RoRRIBLM STORY—A WOMAN TABRED AND PSATHEEED
AND MURDERED.
‘The Detroit Fre Presv of Saturday con
particulars of another crael butchery, near Has
Barry County, about two weeks ago. Tae murdered
who wae kiled by a biow en ti
fabs. with a dirk-
leon. She was formerly. with
jarry County, and
Yiremians ure susjected by
2 afives frou a petty jeat
wadentof the eat leading part
jn rational polities, A stera ad-
nes of State Rights aud State
2 tee the Union, @ large
SD eoutral position, the equal eucvurase
ie free labor aud slave labor. d geze- |
eh vindicstes the digail
of great statesman
has ever produced.
jonderance far out
fate, but
rai sentimext
; and a suecessicn
ner country
nia a posives! prep: H
j
1
en whose heads und hearts
And from the b;
KOR,
seeP Pas foe, the f ;
‘constantly occaied in, unavailis
ssi e hiory of tie Old Desinton,
Seca the oi join the cousse Of this con
x Mapped OW if ote ee
a i vite uniaitering toyalty- e bond of
to the Uneien binds her te the South plads Per also
aiicclin grin. in the reciprocity of common Seres'>
fo the Bel counections, she qwes 2 duty anne
| and styanie and Louisiane, Nether te, siunilecity
Benneyiyary institutions, nor the community of Teee
ti
heve been
to'derogate Ne
Sy precedent ave
monweaith-is defini
| daytime,
‘ine, for ¥
RS | events: he considered
than |
wife, 15 Mrs. {
kes the bond anc mortcage Wi
gogee tc pay the mterest ata
fo pay the principal within thirty days
rest is Not ‘What right hi
1 Ig OPETessFe OF
claim the pey cf the money which 4
ini on the day when the parties agreed
pa Traits the cnsiderat
+ of this question any inguiry ax to the power o
Court of Eauity to interfere where fraud bas b
ne the payment cf the interest, baca
no “Phe only difference
that the defendant, being unacquainted
sokered the day of payment to arrive sooner, tn cq
sequence of her Gwn negtigence, than we
otherwise have.dope, Is the plaiatid i
for this neg.ect t or hasaye done anything by whicl
Conrt would be au to interfere or charge
conditions cn which he joane te
tbe banc and mortgage as 2c
Urged that there isa fh
sainst i
The oi
bend and iat
The de
is reat
ing put his debi; there is 09 forfeiture!
Tf the bond bad been conditioned to
one veer, with the asrcement to exy
f the interest was
ity days after i became cue, n) one #y
Yor 2 tncment armue that there was any forfeit
Sud yet that condition, and the condition of the >
tw suit are substantially the same. Nor can. ib
eatied a Litany ‘Phatis asem name as dam:
fo be recovered for vio
iso
No camages ave
of payment is neither
or a penalty in
ment.
iron
to pat he!
be relieved
so HY
fevence
SHIELDS, Joe . * 1-28-1892
Location: Center TX
Offense: Murder
Seratch this one. It turned out to bea
False lead. Unfortunately some of the people with
Whom I correspond have trouble diferent ating be-
tween legal howng hgs ond necKHe. porties.. Sorry ee
nia o question - tO South ie 2 a eae ¢ Galveston, {
nin 9 es ee ato, wvordst | thetlon ites Fulton, moyor of Galveston 18 | Gi sepubligans a ae 4
of cowards and atraddlere to. the best andl mast ‘available, man in the stata ee rennhl jeans a9 wall as the Gemocrats en" | {fy
ye NOW man in congredy! gat]:
vo that tho demooratio con- | of Texas for the govomnorabip.’ i.
bball blow some~ uncertain ., Scar anegnaen seater com Peon in aking a spect.
action of Hontiitin and TLurne of Coors
and oilvor auveation a vo eh, Golgrado County ‘gor Mitte.
lon, Wi afore, warge up |. Géhumave, Tox, Jans 29.—fo Pus News: 3 | gla.and. Wilson of Woab: Mirginta Inexproney |.
corpreldski Lok | gg thy Hoyson Pat of yxy sone | fag el Mon tt a ee: |
28 00 OE A eetted “equivae | nows to the citizens of thie post of tie county; ley bill by separate Hills, ast nyrtoed to by the) of
oe ae lisew agossh ou | bo RRsat” Racy Hide aon ok oor alien, unkivally bulla comics
Sala or Ae penition on sonator. Ys 4a tho cho! of Governor Moss, ‘nd |. The fact thas these, thies gentlemen, ater an
iY uA Lo COM
ne question, and at ‘te saing Governor Howe hos not lost, hie: erly In
jngaeiqus_tha frealy-bandiod | "TEA", donveot- ito. Linpressia : ity of tho do
2 —to-dorrook- pressiona_and_nob:| majority of mocrits.o7F
s-almply 6 vacillating, shamn~ 11.5" tho yoport go abroad: | that Colovdo [which was done byw vote off to:
county profera. the Hon, Horaca Chilton Tho threa did da they fale
"ie fe for United States dotiator because Governor | pressed their views. Now thoy w:
ORE OE 8 Het g appointed hiny, s taty.is almost a-unit |‘Thoao who boliqve in attacking
y orado county:is almost @ uni B c] ;
rocracy fs a eight bettor than | for “fon, RaQ) Milla fox the United States | bill all along the Lino! bay that the
canes cioor oe atin yot | senate, the reprosehtatives of our county aro poles ia foolish, if for no.
eh te erg write ng SD | straight ut and out Milla men, and “have so putting.
ols. Aa botweon eastern do- | essed themsclyegs fo ting” : i
‘or Hogg neods no “boosting” u be neglected: by a_ republican senate or bo
stor ropublicaniam the soutl, peorenor Hoge needs, Op, Mile out | yotood by the, president inal ah avieey fe
Mathie th onner Ame | BEng wo hapto som tn dh Used | hac a senna 2 OE a |
mntial campaign with the idea States aonata, emer EN J “att o.- mon: whe, believe that
veatorn stato, If wo abandon Biruggle for. Governor. . ghoul i
‘ soree i Conpectianhy tediona Gremxyiaz, Ale, Jan. ,29.--Governox | DoW the party can 4
al olegn for can. wivalont of Jones ayd, Captain R. 7 Kolb" are now en: | th? ue we eowke ca hy Maura to a
2 ote iotoas Th eouth hes | gaged ti on active cqnvess of Butlor connty | YOrecshPy te Ere tho peoplo, wil bo b vated, [P<
votes, it: with require 223 to | for. governor. : ey do Me domoct MR gat the credit. Oe ha
wit wl ee cata cpt | ie ge, tart Ate ane |S A PED as ta 3
n_voten: inols, i county has retofors + . ' ty ™m
‘aad Beliomia ‘vould, If We but Governor Jones now stands 9 good chaned oan pare will have’to shoulder the reapa el ‘
ry ono of thém withoub asitigle,| to carry Ae vs. é : . George Pisree, the private secretary of Sen |.
so ey
bo better to take. good man’
han to-goto New ¥
G necessary quota, they having aivte sled to Coke, left for home to-day on account of”
og, ‘These states would bi 1 Boom Started, 1a 38 * ,
ca, Thove states Wow st iman | Fzonsxes, Als. Jan. 20,—ho Hill boom in the illness thie mother ;
¢ upon: hia- sanity: | : :
9 WP pon hig sanity by coun- | noxth-Alabama . was_inavguratod, hhore_last | ____ antiePinkerton-Resolutlon, b
party to pub ita. dependence. in. | ni
ng democratic? What, expres- night S
b jo organization of a Hilt club with Wasaiveroy, Jan. 29.-~Lhe “anti-Pinkerton a
athy have they given the princi. .
m7moembors. “ %
he first Hill olub- organized in zosolution, introduced by “Watson of Georgia, |.
nocratig party or the people of Yat the stato and is largely composed ag a subject of much discudsion in the house
it thie talk fs ‘weetern fa an ‘old members of the party in this section. oe enittee on judiciary this-morning. . t
y ingarencgrniiiyoiomncfoenene ‘s 4 9
iply sentimental folly. z : ‘he Farmers’ alliance representative mado a |.P
QF Mills, T am SOR. to leg ‘MOB LAW IN SHBLBY. g argumont in favor fi tho resolution... ii
mraan. 1am inclined tog : of Alabama expressed gome, doubts as |)
himself to tako this pééition | A Young Mon Peken From His Home
the double sting of boing bane and Hanged. ,
sastorn friend, Cleveland, in the 29,—~,
fight and indulging the’ belief Trarsonsfex., Jan, 29,--A young MAM | vayjous state logislatures, Tho members gon-
Imire speech contributed to his | named: Jos. B. Shields, was. taken from his erally seemed to share this opinton, and itis |
; will change his idea about this, | pome last night by a mob of threo or four and Watson will be ‘
sratic success in the presidential carried. about three-quarters of 8 mile and ‘Tt is our intention,” said Watson to a re" |
ae 3 P {
1
der to gratify nal: pique at wah things to the bitter
00 bravo, a muh not t “hanged.. {a a party measure with
on fraught with-dirétul No, clow yet'ns to the partioa, . ‘\ gas * alliance representatives. .We
palenien ee cionne
ttle dificultica with -la-
. Mills’ frionda, ‘ I think noarl Musgravo Gots Pon Yeara.
sx of the David B, Hill d : * ucing the government to
tO thot Milla and désizes his ana Haus, tad. Tan, 29,~Tho $y porn a argecy
“Taborers shave no’ right to: maintain 3
the rave lite inauxance, éwind
ayouto say to the charges that | brou; ig in a verdict to-night, after,
Nevoland’s defeat in 18887”? . six hours,- giving Musgrave ten,yeara in the } porations show ;
a -worsh abused, maligned and | po pote, ad afine of e600. “"h now trial | standing army
xn in pees life, Clevoland de- | 5 pf'bd asked. . -- ae ¢ government is not strong onou
If. He thought himself ‘bigger’ ; a oeprtnemere theso people and. sattle the,
ty aad started out with his admin- - Cars Running Again. . govornment standpoint,
; of tho rule of law and
ignoring democratic advice. Ho. . : R
the “iiugwarnpes ” Tee ean,| Peezenund, Pay Jap. ‘20g-~Tho. Pittsburg, | of the party whi
§ appoli “poskmiaater of: Naw. |. Allogheny-and Manchester jo carp. Bro: "hattalions.
yho ‘xowarded, him by marchmyg: [now runs regularly “on, ail divisions. ’Rxtra “(ye Pinkerton
sq tothe polls to. vote “for. Has}. police Mervice. has, been dispensed with and | in the light of thelr
cha made It possible for u.sor Sz bmatter’ "aie ssoumed thelr notural’tnte, 1p étanding mi) tia, sublect to t
SPenag’s Catholad 7 February ‘51388
Local
The Dallas Fire of 1860
By Carol Luker
News editor
DALLAS - The town of Dallas was a flourishing
agricultural center in.1860 during the pre-Civil War cot-
ton boom. But the prosperous economic climate suddenly
changed when a fire engulfed the business district on Ju-
ly 8, destroying everything but a few private dwellings,
according to one newsnaper account.
Three black men were presumed guilty of setting the
fire and hanged on July 24 — without due process -- on
the banks of the Trinity River.
More than a 120 years after the fact, the newly-
formed Committee for the Dallas Fire of 1860 is making
sure the import of that event is not lost on its residents.
Considered a significant slave insurrection by most Civil
War historians, second only to the Nat Turner rebellion,
the Dallas Fire until recently has been largely forgotten,
relegated to the footnotes of local historical narratives.
But for the Rev. Dr. William Farmer, professor of
New Testament at SMU’s Perkins School of Theology,
the suppression of this event is an ugly vestige that
must be dealt with, Particularly in light of the modern-
day clime of repressed racial hostility.
The fire eventually would be blamed as an anti-slavery
action of abolitionists. Other fires in Northeast Texas set
at the same time help support the theory of an insurrec-
tionist conspiracy instigated by white abolitionists work-
ing with slave leadership, Farmer said Jan. 31 at Holy
Cross Church in South Dallas.
The three men hanged — Patrick Jennings, the Rev.
Samuel Smith, and Old Cato — were among eight black
men accused as ringleaders by a self-appointed vigilante
committee of prominent white citizens.
SOME OF THE vigilante committee said all eight
should be hanged, “but there was a compromise,”
Farmer said. “Those that wanted all of the slaves hang-
ed were appeased by the agreement that if they only
hanged three, there would be a mandatory whipping of
City must acknowledge racist past, committee says
after slavery after his attorney failad i chou,
samuel-smith, and Old Cato — were among eight black
men accused as —_zleaders by a self-appointed vigilante
committee of proininent white citizens.
SOME OF THE vigilante committee said all eight
“but there was a compromise,”
Farmer said. “Those that wanted all of the slaves hang-
three calmly met their fate, refusing to make any
statements before their deaths, Farmer said, and an at-
tending doctor later wrote a begrudging tribute:
THE COMMITTEE’S specific objectives include
pressing the Dallas City Council to issue a proclamation
White Dallas must repent of its historical racist at-
titudes, Farmer said in his Sermon at Holy Cross.
“As a member of the Anglo-Saxon race, I would like
to say that if I had lived in those days, I would not have
Participated with my ancestors in the murder of pro-
Phets, but the Scriptures teach me in the words of
Jesus: Anyone who says that shows i
in support of a historical marker com--
Forty-five years after slavery
Was abolished, there was yet no
Suarantee of due process for the
Negro, as graphi depicted in
the above photo pl at Akard
and Main streets in downtown
Dallas.
after his attorney failed to show.
Edwards was given but one hour -
with his client, but never reached
him.
50
deputies and 20° police officers
fuarding the Prisoner in an
Upstairs room. Placing
from his body as he was dragged
through the streets; his flannel ©
irt was cut up for souvenirs,
members of my race living in Dallas to face up to what
happened, to study what happened, and in the sight of
“Some say a city can’t repent, only individuals can re-
Pent. They haven’t read the Bible — Nineveh repented.
Dallas must repent. We are on our way with Mayor An-
but we have a long way to go. We must
it reform in the life of
Dallas. Reform is a form of Fepentance, turning away
i toward love, toward
nette Strauss,
Support ... all those committed to
from sin, turning: toward God,
Justice.”
Farmer attributed racist
barriers causing fear.
who does murder prophets.
attitudes to segregationist
some, could
‘Anti-slavery whites,
But if a Christian
and there were
see who was in control
in Dallas... So it was not just the
slave preacher S;
silenced by what
on July 24, 1860.
cience in the white
silenced as well.’
I Smith who was
ned in Dallas
le voice of cons-
community was
ciliation of peoples Prays together, celebrates
and together
“I want to tell you, my brothers and sisters, those of racism,” Farmer said. .
you who are African ericans, white people fear “All of the churches in Dallas would do well to
African Americans, They ought to when they think of become like Holy Cross, where people of different races
the terrible things they’ve done. All they have to think and different cultures come together and witness to
of is justice,” God’s love for all Persons.”
community concerned with recon-
A READER FOR THE STUDY
OF
THE DALLAS FIRE oF 1860
Prepared by
The Committee for the Dallas Fire of 1860
As abridged by this Committee for use in Churches, Schools,
and other Community Groups and Agencies
interested in the history of Dallas
"The Past is not only important,
it is not even past."
John Steinbeck
author of The Grapes of Wrath
History of Dallas
The Houston Telegraph, Saturday, July 14, 1860
[page 3, column 2 (July 14, 1860) ]
Terrible Conflagration!
The Town of Dallas in Ashes!
Every Store & Hotel Burned!
Loss $300,000!!!
The following letter from Dr. Pryor, of the Dallas Herald is just
received at this office. It gives a hurried account of one of the most
terrible conflagrations our State has ever known. A whole town is in ashes,
and that one of the most flourishing towns in Texas. We regret exceedingly
to learn of the loss of our friends of the Herald, and trust they may be
able to resume their issues as soon as they propose. To the many sufferers
by the fire, among whom we number some warm friends, and nearly all of whom
are among the subscribers to the Telegraph, we tender our heartfelt
sympathies. They are all men of pluck, however and such men as nothing can
ruin. Read the letter.
Dallas, July 9th, 1860
Dear Cushing:- A terrible disaster has befallen our once flourishing
little city. Dallas is in ruins--burned to the ground--not a business
house left standing, hotel, shop, printing office, or anything, save a few
private dwellings. yesterday, Sunday, July 8th, about half after one
o'clock, a fire proke out in front of Peak's new drug store, and in an
instant the house was enveloped in flames. It was a large two story frame
pbuilding, filled with a large amount of stores of every kind. The fire
then spread to smith's warehouse, then to the Herald Office, even before
we could remove anything except the books. Everything we had is lost. 4
presses, material of every kind, clothing--in fact every thing. If you
have an old coat, an old shoe or shirt, send it to your confrere. But,
notwithstanding we have lost everything, we this morning have ordered a
new press and new material, and in less than 6 weeks we will be up, all
right, sooner than you would expect.
The St. Nicholas Hotel, a large three story frame building 100 feet
front by 100 back, is totally consumed, Smith & Murphy's brick store
burnt, Shirek's new warehouse and store, with entire stock of goods, the
mail matter in it, Westen's Corner, #tichés new building just framed, the
old tavern, Saddler's shop, Hirsh's large storehouse with entire lot of
goods, Fletcher's mercantile establishment, Birtle's old establishment and
prviate residence, Mrs. Bingham's old residence, Law office, books and
Papers belong to Leonard, McKenzie, Crockett, Adams, Chapman, Russell,
Hay, and the medicine, surgical instruments and libraries of Drs. Pryor,
Spencer, Johnson and Thomas.
We do not know how to compute the loss we have all Sustained; but
$300,000 will hardly come near the amount. We are all houseless and
homeless. the fire caught most of us in our siesta, the thermometer
standing at 106 in the shade. We barely escaped with our lives--some like
myself, without clothes, boots, shoes or anything else. 1 will write
again soon.
Yours truly CHAS. B. PRYOR
The Weekly Telegrap! , Houston, Tuesday, July 26, 1860
The Northern Texas Fires
[page 1, column 8: top of page]
week, but it was discovered in time, and put out. Mr. Miller, living near
Dallas had his house and wheat stacks all burned.
An extra from the McKinney Messenger office also gives the details of
other fires in that section, all of a character to induce the belief that
there is a systematic attempt being made to burn the towns and the private
awellings of the best citizens of the country. Suspicion has fastened on
two men who, we hear, have been arrested. These men came from Kansas, and
pretended to be looking at the country. They have been seen in the
neighborhood of several of these fires, just before they broke out. It is
thought by the people that they are abolition emissaries, and there is
good reason for the belief.
Last year an abolition person and one or two associates were run out
of Dallas by the people. When they left they gave out that the movers in
the affair should suffer for it. It appears that most of these fires have
been set so as to insure the purning of the property of persons who were
connected with the committee in that matter.
If it should turn out as suspected, we sincerely hope the New York
tribune may have something on which to hang a sensation story of
abolitionists being burned alive in Texas. If any body ever did deserve
this fate it is these men, if they are really guilty.
The people in the towns in Southern Texas were forming themselves
into Committees of Safety, and employing large squads of special police to
watch for the incendiaries. Doubtless every suspicious character will be
arrested. Such should be [sic] and kept in close confinement or followed
out of the country.
These scoundrels have the enthusiasm of a zealot. Like John Brown,
they will, some of them, go through fire and encounter death in their
cause. Happily blind zeal is not righteousness, or Mahomet might have
usurped the place of Jesus Christ. Nor because under the influence of
this zeal these fellows may regard revenge as piety, and murder and arson
the means of serving God, are they the less dangerous. Let their crimes
be washed out in their blood. and if they are insane, their insanity is
of a nature that burning alive will cure, as well as prevent the spread of.
The Weekly Telegrap! , Tuesday, July 26, 1860
[page 1, column 6: bottom of page]
Further from Dallas--Another fire in Dallas County--
Serious fire in Denton
The following letter to the editor from the Proprietor of the Dallas
Herald will explain itself. The energy displayed by our friend Swindells
will find its reward in the good will of the Public. There is no Paper in
the State we should miss as much as the herald, we regret exceedingly to
hear of other serious fires in that neighborhood.
Dallas, Texas, July 11th, 1860
Friend Cushing:--pr. Pryor wrote you by last mail the Particulars of
the calamity that has desolated our once beautiful town; I write now to
request you to make an announcement in the "Telegraph," that I have
ordered an entire new office, and expect to get my paper again under .way
in from two to three months, and I ask the indulgence of the Patrons of
the paper until then. I did not Save a thing out of the office except my
books. I heard already of preparations being commenced to rebuild several
of our stores, and hope ere many months to see our square built as
substantially as it was before the fire.
very truly yours, ace.
dno. W. Swindells
P.S. A fire also occurred about 1 1/2 miles from town, on Monday noon —
the residence of Mr. g. J. Eukens and g.S.Cc. Lenard. They were absent
from home at the time, with their families, and lost everything. We learn
also, yesterday, of a fire in Denton, on Sunday last, about noon, which
consumed three stores.
In haste, J. W. S-
The Weekly Telegraph, July 26, 1860
[page 1, column 7: bottom of page]
The Dallas Conflagration - From Mr. Stackpole's letter to the
Civilian, we copy the following estimate of the losses of various parties
in the Dallas Conflagration:
W. W. Peak & Co., no insurance $18,000
A. Shirek " ® 16,000
Crutchfield House no insurance 12,000
Dallas Herald Office " * 5,000
Smith, Murphy & Co. “ 1 20,000
_ -&E. Me Stackpole . J 20,000
Cockerel House, 4 three story brick,
no insurance 25,000
Squire Smith's office . 500
Gen. Good's law library 1,200
Dr. A. A. Johnson 500
E. Wester 3,000
A. Simon's new frame 1,000
Bartay, shoemaker 3,000
LZ. Reinhardt, jeweler 400
B. W. Stone, Lawyer 500
Carr, saddler 1,200
H. Herah, store and goods insured for
about $5,000 17,000
A. Simon, store and goods insured for
about $5,000 15,000
E. P. Nicholson, lawyer 1,400
D. P. P. Thomas! drug store 12,000
J. W. Elliott, goods and store 10,000
Caruth & Simon " " 3,000
R. R. Fletcher & Co., goods and store 2,000
J. C. McCoy, lawyer 3,000
Lynch, saddler 1,000
Only about $10,000 insurance in all.
[page 1, column 8: bottom of page]
An extra of the McKinney Messenger gives the following instances of
fire in addition to these already published by us. - A steam mill at
Millwood, in Collin County. Loss $10,000. Storehouse of Mrs. Dupre, at
Ladonia, Fannin County. Loss $25,000. The mercantile establishment of
Mr. Cate, at Black Jack Grove, Hopkins County. Loss $30,000. The Express
attributes the fires to incindiaries.
The woods south of Nacogdoches, between the Angelina and Neches
Rivers, says the Chronicle of the 10th, have been on fire for several
days. The fire has extended over a large scope of country, and a great
deal of damage has been done.
Frank M. Collier
The Weekly Telegraph, Tuesday, July 26, 1860
{p. 2 - Column 4 middle to bottom of Page]
The letter from Mr. Welch gives an account of another of those
destructive fires which caused so much suffering and loss in Northern
Texas on the 8th just. They all appear to have been the work of
incindiaries, no doubt Abolitionists who are either revenging themselves
for having been driven from the country or are attempting to destroy all
property in that region. Words of execration all fail to do justice to
the enormity of the crimes of these villains, devils in human shape.
them but continue their outrages, and not all the blood of all the
abolitionists in the Union will quench the fires they are kindling.
More of the North Texas Incendiarism!
DESTRUCTIVE FIRE in Denton!!
$99,000 Worth of Property Destoyed!
Fire at Pilot Point - Loss $20,000!
Denton, Texas, Monday July 9th, ‘60.
Let
Dear Telegraph: --About half past three o'clock on yesterday evening
a fire was discovered in the counting room of the store of James M. Smoot,
situated on the corner of Elm and Hickory streets, at the S.W, corner of
the public square in the town of Denton. An alarm was immediately given
and every effort made by the few who first arrived at the spot to save the
books and goods, but to very Little purpose. Ina few moments the whole
building was a mass of flames. A stiff breeze at the same time sprang up
from the S.W. and in a few seconds the stores of Messrs B. & H. Jacobs,
and of Messrs. Baines & Mounts were wraped [sic] in flames. There were
twenty five kegs of powder in a hogshead in the latter store, which in a
few moments exploded with tremendous force, scattering fragments of the
building and goods in every direction; pieces of burning timber, fragments
of chains and casting were scattered for hundreds of yards, pentrating the
buildings on the other side of the square and setting several of them on
fire, and it was only by the utmost exertions of the few people that
happened to be in town that the remaining business portion of our thriving
village was saved from the devouring elements, which, owing to the
scarcity and distance of water at one time was thought inevitable. But
the ladies (God bless them) came to the rescue, and notwithstanding the
almost intolerable heat of the sun, soon brought sufficient water to save
several buildings which we had almost given up to destruction. as it is,
the whole west side of the public square with the solitary exception of
Messr.s Blount & Seruggs store, on the extreme N.W. corner is in ashes.
Mr. Smoot had with his lady taken a ride in the country, but seeing
the smoke and hearing the explosion in the direction of town he hastened
back, and arrived in time only to behold the accumulation of long years of
laborious toil and honest enterprise smouldering in ruins. The losses are
as follows:
Mr. Smoot saved comparatively nothing. Books and all were burned.
$50,000 will not cover his loss. Messrs. Jacobs total loss 7000, Messrs.
Baines and Mounts saved their books and a portion of their goods, their
loss is estimated at $20,000; a building belong to Ed Row partly finished,
and a store house belonging to the Aldrich estate were also destroyed,
valued at some $1200. Messrs. B. & S. store was in great danger and was
probably only saved by the explosion spoken of above. The goods, however,
were all removed. While I write, Mr. Turner, of the firm of Smoot &
Turner, at Pilot Point brings the sad news that on the same day and at the
same hour their store at that place was consumed by fire. Everything is a
total loss. This swells Mrs. Smoots' losses on yesterday to $60,000.
Surely he can exclaim misfortune comes not single handed, but in
10
battalions. How the two fires originated at the same time in the two
towns is wrapped in mystery, though we have but little doubt that they
both must be the work of an incendiary. Our whole town is wrapped in
gloom. Mr. Turner had made arrangements to put up,another house, and on
his way to this place to consult with his partner respecting the
dimentions [sic] learned for the first time the disheartening news of our
disaster.
Yours &c. OTIS G. WELCH
The Houston Weekly Telegraph, Tuesday, July 31, 1860
[page 1, column 4: top of page]
ABOLITION DIABOLISM
The letter from our Dallas correspondent in to-day's paper gives the
details of one of the most startling and diabolical plots [illegible] ...
civilized world. It opens up a depth of human depravity far surpassing
the atrocities of the most savage barbarians, and before which John
Brown's conspiracy pales as a rush light in the fires of hell.
. The discovery of this conspiracy constitutes a revelation that may
well arous the minds of our citizens. That the emissaries of fanaticism
can come among us and carry out such a plot to so great an extent would
hardly have been believed. But the fact that they have done so should
arouse public attention, and give direction to the eye of suspicion. Our
soil is no place for anything but the dead bodies of men who could ever
look with complacency on such scenes. When not only our cherished
1
i
{
|
|
\
|
|
|
ane
institutions are attacked, but more when the very torch is set to our
dwellings, the knife to the throats of our citizens and our wives and
daughters parceled out to terrible outrages of these hellish miscreants;
when this is done, not in one case alone nor in one neighborhood alone,
but in a conspiracy which extends throughout hundreds of miles of
territory, it is time to send the alarm throughout the length and breadth
of the land. It is time for men to buckle on their armor. It is time for
all true men to come together, and in the name of the people put to death
and drive out every man who is not a friend of our institutions. We say
this boldly as one who is by no means a man of blood or an advocate of
violence. We say it freely, not knowing what of wicked animosity it may
stir up in the minds of traitors. We would proclaim it in thunder tones
that it might arouse the country, and be heard even to those northern
recesses when these foul crimes have been concocted, and where now black
hearted sanctimonious villains are preaching the inevitable tendency to
these things.
An outraged country demands the blood of the murderers. SLaves who
have thus been had by the false teachings of wicked fanatics, to commit
deeds which render their lives a forfeit, demand the blood of the guilty.
The peace of the country that has been broken up demands it. Let the
whole people organize for protection and and [sic] vengeance.
12
The Houston Weekly Telegraph, Tuesday, July 31, 1860
[page 1 columns 7 and 8 entire,
and top half of column 9]
Later From Dallas
A most Diabolical Plot!
UNHEARD OF SCOUNDRELISM!!
Fire! Murder! Destruction!
Startling Developments!!!!
Full Particulars
Baylor's Scalps, Politics, Etc.
Special correspondence of the Houston Telegraph
Dallas, July 21st, 1860
EDITOR TELEGRAPH:~-The burning of Dallas and several farm houses in
this county, has led to the discovery of a most diabolical plot to
devastate the whole of Northern Texas. At first it was believed that the
fire was accidental, but the successive burning of farm houses and the
firing of many other towns, and stores in this section, caused reflecting
men to adopt means to ferret out, if possible, the cause of such wholesale
destruction. It seemed almost impossible that so many places should be
fired simultaneously, and that that should be accidental. The out~houses,
graneries, oats and grain of Mr. Crill Miller, were destroyed a few days
after the destruction of Dallas. This led to the arrest of some white
men, whose innocence was proved beyond a doubt. Several negroes belonging
to Mr. Miller, were taken up and examined, and developments of the most
startling character elicited. A plot to destroy the country was revealed,
and every circumstance even to the minutiae, detailed--Nearly or quite a
hundred negroes have been arrested, and upon a close examination separate
and apart from each other, they deposed to the existence of a plot of
conspiracy to lay waste the country by fire and assassination--to
impoverish the land by the destruction of the provision, arms and
ammunition, and then when a state of helplessness, a general revolt of the
negroes was to begin on the first Monday in August, the day of election
for State officers. This conspiracy is aided and abetted by abolition
emissaries from the North, and by those in our midst. The details of the
plot, and its modus operandi, are these: Each county in Northern Texas has
a supervisor in the person of a white man, whose name is not given; each
county laid off into districts under the sub-agents of the villain who
controls the action of the negroes in said districts, by whom the firing
was to be done. Many of our most prominent citizens were signled out for
assassination whenever they made their escape from their burning
homes--Negroes never before suspected, are implicated, and the
insurrectionary movement is widespread to an extent truly alarming. In
some places the plan was conceived in every form shocking to the mind, and
frightful in its results. Poisening was to be added, and the old females
to be slaughtered along with the men and the young and handsome women to
be parceled out amongst these infamous scoundrels. They had even gone so
far as to designate their choice, and certain ladies had already been
selected as the victims of these misguided monsters. Fortunately, the
country has been saved from the accomplishment of these horrors; but then,
13
a fearful duty remains for us. The negroes have been incited to these
infernal proceedings by abolitionists, and the emissaries of certain
preachers who were expelled from this county last year. Their agents have
been busy amongst us, and many of them have been in our midst. Some of
them have been identified, but have fled from the country, others still
remain, to receive a fearful accountability from an outraged and
infuriated people. Nearly a hundred negroes have testified that a large
reinforcement of abolitionists are expected on the lst August, and these
to be aided by recruits from the Indian tribes, while the Rangers are
several hundred miles to the North of us. It was desired to destroy
[missing text] . . . thusiastic in professions for the ticket. In all
honor and candor, I do not know a Sam Houston man in this county. If one
is here I have not seen him. From every county surrounding this, we hear
of nothing bu Breckenridge and Lane men and meetings. It is no time now
to look to local and party divisions--the country must be saved, and Breck
and Lane can do it.
The investigation of this unholy conspiracy is now going on in our
town and surrounding counties. I will keep you posted as new developments
are made. John Brown and his followers were fools compared with the men
engaged in this affair. Developments of the most alarming character, and
calculated to shake our government to its very centre, are looked for. In
haste, P.
14
The Weekly Telegraph, July 31, 1860
{page 1, middle of column 10}
Texas Items
The Corpus Christi Ranchero has an article deprecating the "abuse" of
Judge Watrous by a portion of the Texas Press.
Incendiaries in Texas--If the town of Tyler has, thus far, escaped
the disastrous fate of Dallas and Denton, it has not been because of the
forbearance of the prowling scoundrels who appear to have entered into an
elaborate and systematic scheme for the devastation of the entire north of
the State. The intentions of the town-burners with regard to Tyler are
apparent from the following, which we take from the Reporter of the 18th:
Our town, on Monday night last, was thrown into a
fever of excitedness by the detection of an individual, a
stranger in our place, in the act of firing the town. He
was shot at two or three times by the patrol, but
succeeded in making his escape, not, it is hoped, without
carrying with him some evidence of the skill of our
marksmen. Our people are on the alert, and woe to the
scoundrel who, arrested in the act, falls into their
hands. ‘The tree is now growing, and the rope is twisted
for his benefit; and brief will be the time allowed him
for settling up his worldly affairs.
And so the citizens of Tyler are indebted solely to their good luck
and vigilance for their continued prosperity.
Our opinion is that, when any of these scoundrels are caught and
hung, they will be found to hail from the Ohio Western Reserve. In other
sections of the North anti-slavery zeal is, fortunately, usually found
associated in the minds of fanatics with a wholesome regard for the
integrity of their hides; but on the Reserve it takes the form of a
15
16
fiendish and malignant madness, which will stop short of neither arson nor
murder in its hostility to the South.
The Houston Weekly Telegraph, July 31, 1860
(page 2, column 2]
The Insurrection Excitement
Public Meetings, etc.
In view of the disturbances on our northern bounday, a large meeting
of slave owners was held in the town of Anderson, on the 26th. A
vigilance committee was organized, and resolutions adopted recommending
the expulsion of all white persons suspected of entertaining abolition
sentiments, reprobating the practice of giving general passes, and selling
liquor and arms to slaves, and recommending all ministers of the Gospel to
abstain from preaching to slaves during the present year.
It has been ascertained that the negroes of Grimes county have held
secret meetings, and many of them are supplied with arms. The action of
the people in forming a vigilance committee is well-timed.
° A like meeting was held in Hampstead on the same day, at which
precautionary measures were taken. The Courier learns that a suspicious
character, dressed in black, has been seen lurking about, at late hours of
the night, where he could not possibly have any legitimate business.
Suspicious characters should be closely watched.
The Reporter urges that a meeting should be held in Richmond.
We learn from private advices that there has been some excitement in
Washington county. The Ranger, of Friday, makes mention of the holding of
meetings about Brenham, and the appointment of a vigilance committee.
A letter in the Waco Democrat, written from Waxahachie, by Judge
Buford, of Dallas, confirms the accounts of the troubles in Ellis and
Dallas. It says:
Since you left this place the investigations of the
vigilance committee of Dallas has [sic] led to very
important discoveries, implicating nearly all the negroes
of Ellis and adjoining counties. To-day a committee was
organized in this county, who have ascertained the
existence of a most perfect and thorough organization,
having for its object an indiscriminate massacre of the
white population. Under the lash the negroes have admitted
that they had in their possession deadly poisens, to be
administered to their masters' families in food; and when
demanded of them, they have gone to the kitchen and
produced the poisen.
There was some excitement in Austin last week, arising from an
attempt to burn the town. An efficient night watch has been organized.
In Fayette county a band of runaways was thought to have been
organized, to make a break for Mexico.
In Wood county a public meeting was held on the 19th, and a vigilance
committee was appointed, as well as a watch for the town of Quitman. The
movement was deemed prudential on account of the reports from Dallas,
Denton and Ellis counties. On the night of the 20th a man was seen
approaching one of the stores with a bundle of shavings. The guard fired
a shot gun at him, but he escaped.
The Gilmer Tribune reports the arrest of three negroes in that town
on the 19th. They had in their possession passes, papers, and various
documents, way-bills to the Indian Nation, pistols, powder, caps and
7
writing materials. They said they were from Henderson County.
The house of Dr. W. W. Stell, of Lamar County, was fired by a negro
on the 16th, and completely burned.
On the 19th there was held in Paris a meeting at which precautionary
measures were adopted and patrols recommended.
The Henderson New Era urges vigilance and watchfulness on the part of
the people.
A runaway negro was shot near Victoria last Sunday week.
In every part of the State the people appear to be on the alert, and
we have no fear of any further outbreak. The troubles in Ellis, Dallas,
Denton and Tarrant counties will be settled by the citizens. The
committees at work there are composed of the best men in the several
counties, and seem determined to make a clean thing of the matter. They
are receiving the support of the whole population.
Some of the papers affect to ridicule the idea that this has been an
outbreak planned and controlled by Abolitionists. We think there can be
no earthly doubt of the fact. The plot seems to have been deep laid and
widespread. A large amount of imported arms and ammunition have been
discovered in negroes' hands, and in one instance (Fort Worth) an arsenal
was seized, having fifty shot guns and fifty revolvers, ready for
distribution to the negroes by a white man. The white man was of course
hung to the nearest tree. The plan was to be executed simulataneously in
several counties, and in the same way in all. Stores and dwelling houses
were burned, and others were to have been burned. The people were to have
been attacked on election day and killed by poisen, by shotting, etc., and
the whole band was to rendezvous for fifty miles around, and march in a
body to Kansas, or Mexico.
The negroes from all parts of Dallas, Ellis and Denton counties have
confessed sometimes voluntarily, and sometimes under the lash, but all to
the same effect, and all reporting the same features of the plot. The
investigations of the committees have necessarily been carried on with
closed doors, and it has been deemed prudent to make no publication of the
names of parties implicated until they shall be able to establish their
guilt, and above all, till they shall be able to arrest them.
It seems that outside of these counties the plot was not so well
laid, and attempts to carry it out have thus far failed. It is very
19
doubtful to our minds whether it extended as far as some think, though the
patrols established in many of the counties will be apt to bring to light
all the facts in the case. We believe, however, that the plot was only
perfected in Dallas and Denton, but had it not been discovered, then it
would have been extended to half the counties in the State.
We shall endeavor to keep our readers advised of whatever may
transpire in these movements, as fast as information is received.
The Weekly Telegraph, Thurday, July 31, 1860
[page 2, column 3]
LATER FROM NORTHERN TEXAS
Conspiracy discovered in Waxahachie
TWO WHITE MEN HUNG
We are without any further letters from our own correspondents in
Northern Texas, except from McKinney, in Collin county, which says that
20
McKinney still survives but that there is a regular guard watching both
night and day.
From Dallas we learn that some one or two white men have been hung,
but this report comes on rumor alone.
From Waxahachie we have seen a letter written by a merchant to his
correspondent in this city, which gives some of the details of a
conspiracy there to murder the people and destroy the town in a manner
similar to that of Dallas. The plot was to have been carried out last
Sunday. It was discovered, however, and two white men whose names are not
given, were hung on Saturday last the 2lst inst. Some twenty-odd negroes
were to be hung also next week. The danger was believed to be over,
though the people were constantly watching, and were almost worn down with
their vigilance. This letter is written in German, and we may not have
got all the matters contained, but believe we have the principal facts.
The fact seems to be apparent that there has been a wide spread
conspiracy in the northern counties, make up by wicked white men,
abolitionists, by which it was intended to burn the houses, kill the
people and run the negroes off into Mexico. Fortunately it has been
discovered, not in time to prevent the destruction by fire of half a
million of property, but in time to save the lives of the people, and it
is hoped to bring the ringleaders particularly the hellish inciters of the
negroes to condign [sic] punishment.
Further Particulars
Mr. Cruger, who is just down from the Upper Country, confrims the
accounts we have received from Dr. Pryor. He says the vigilance
committees are composed of the best men in several counties, that they are
acting with great coolness and deliberation, and that the people have the
utmost confidence in them. He also states that in Dallas they have some
eight or ten negroes who appeared to be the ringleaders in confinement.
They will probably be hung. They had whipped some seventy or eighty who
knew of the conspiracy but failed to inform on the conspirators. - In
Waxahachie the discovery was made through the voluntary confession of a
negro woman belonging to Mr. Marchbanks. ‘Throughout the whole region,
embracing Dallas, Ellis, Tarrant and Denton counties the testimony of the
negroes has been the same. They have all agreed in saying that they were
to burn the houses and murder the women on the lst Monday in August. They
were then to attack the people at the polls, aiden by the reinforcement of
the expected abolition band, and having got possession of arms,
provisions, etc., fight their way to Mexico.
When Mr. Cruger left Waxahachie, last Monday, there was a rumor that
there had been two men hung in Dallas, and he thinks these must be the men
alluded to in the letter from which the above items concerning the
Waxahachie conspiracy were taken. The people in all parts of the country
are thoroughly aroused, and will not stop until the whole plot is laid
bare and the offenders so far as possible are brought to justice.
The various rumors which get into circulation at times like this, of
fires, etc., in different parts of the country should not obtain even the
attention of the people until they are confirmed. The report that Belknap
was burned arose from an accidental fire in the government buildings
there. There has been no attempt to burn Brenham as reported. It is
al
understood that the report from there was caused by the burning of some
trash in the back yard for the court-house. We do not put any faith in
the rumor that the Capitol at Austin had been fired. We regard the rumor
that Marshall has been burned as a sheer fabrication. A letter received
from that place by us, dated the 20th, makes no mention of any disturbance
there, or anything unusual, except short crops.
The fires at Dallas and Denton appear to have been the work of
incendiaries. At Waxahachie, as appears by the confession of the negroes,
a negro was detailed to burn that place on the eighth, the same day as the
fire at Dallas and Denton, but while in town for the purpose, a box of
matches accidentally got on fire in the store of Oldham and the alarm so
frightened the negro that he fled from the town. Afterward as he was
about to carry out his instructions, a negro who had come fifteen miles
for the purpose in the night informed him that the plot had been
discovered in Dallas, and that they were hanging all the negroes and
warned him to drop the matter. This saved Waxahachie.
We have reports from Grimes, but they want confirmation, and we will
not report them. ‘The people are, however, everywhere on the alert and
suspicious characters are being closely watched.
The State Gazette, Austin, Saturday August 4, 1860 - p. 2 Column 7,8
Letter from Dallas/bottom of page
More startling developments--Several negroes hung. Among others the
Incendiary who burnt the town of Dallas--Investigations still going on--
Poison found in the hands of Negroes.
22
23
The following letter is from one of the most reliable citizens of
Dallas, addressed to the editor of this paper:
Dallas, Saturday, July 21, 1860
The excitement consequent upon the revelations made by Negroes under
examination, continues unabated. Already nearly a hundred blacks have been
arrested and examined separately before a committee of Vigilance, appointed
for that purpose. This committee consists of the most respectable and res-
ponsible gentlemen of this county, whose proceedings have been characterized
by the utmost prudence and moderation. During so much excitement and confu-
sion it seems almost a miracle that so much forethought and deliberation
should govern their actions. Such developments and such outrages would seem
to indicate a speedy resort to extreme measures; but in this instance they
have acted with as much calmness as if no public calamity had befallen the
community, and as if no extraordinary emergency had called them from their
homes.
Crowds of men are in Dallas, anxious and eager to lend their assistance,
and ready to quell every disturbance that threatens the peace of the State.
The developments are of the most startling character, unfolding the most
diabolical plot that the wickedness of men could invent to destroy this whole
section of the country.
At the town of Lancaster the same general plot was revealed--to burn the
town, to poison the inhabitants, to assassinate the aged females, and to
seize and appropriate the young and handsome for their villainous purposes.
Thank God! this unhallowed conspiracy has been nipped in the bud, and the
country saved from such a scene of horrors.
24
Investigations are going on in all directions and startling disclosures
are being made.
Monday, July 23. An immense concourse of people from all parts of
the country is here awaiting the action of the committee of Vigilance.
The stage came in from Waxahachie yesterday, bringing news of the high
state of excitement in that town. ‘The conspiracy and insurrectionary
spirit extend to that place in all the horrid forms contemplated at this
place. Throughout the country as far as we can learn the same thing
exists. That town was destined to be burned, the people to be poisoned
and slaughtered, and the remaining property to be distributed among the
victorious blacks. On Red Oak Creek the chief poisoner had been arrested
and executed. Negroes at Waxahachie have been detected with the poison in
their possession; and a runner in town yesterday reports that there have
been several executions at that place. We have not yet received the
particulars,
The committee of Vigilance have been in session all day, and this
evening, they announced that 3 of the ringleaders of the insurrection are
to be hanged tomorrow--These hardened scoundrels were among the most
hardened and unscrupulous of the whole number. The decision seems to give
general satisfaction. The crowd dispersed after this announcement, and a
strong guard was detailed to watch the jail in which are confined 6 or 8
of the criminals. The police are active and unremitting in their efforts
and it would be impossible for the whole abolition fraternity to surprise
us now, although we might easily be overpowered. They 'would have to
fight for it' however.
25
Tuesday, July 24. This evening at 4 o'clock the 3 ringleaders, Sam,
Cato, and Patrick were escorted from the jail under a strong guard to the
place of execution. An immense concourse of citizens and Negroes
assembled to witness their exit from the scene of their wickedness. As
they passed through the town they surveyed with composure the ruins of the
once flourishing town that now lay in a blackened mass before them.
Patrick Jennings (so called) remained calm and collected during the whole
day, and betrayed no remorse or feeling whatever in view of his
approaching doom. He it was who fired the town, and that night after its
destruction glorified himself for the deed, and pronounced it only the
commencement of the good work. These facts were obtained from many
witnesses who testified to the same facts without any hesitations or
contradictions of each others' statements. Sam Smith, so called from the
name of his master was an old Negro preacher who had imbibed most of his
villainous principles from 2 abolition preachers Blunt and McKinney, who
lived in the country a year before, and had had much intercourse with said
Negro; this old negro was a deep dyed villain. Cato had always enjoyed a
bad reputation. They met their fate with a composure worthy of a better
cause. Patrick Jennings with unparalleled nonchalance died with a chew of
tobacco in his mouth, and refused to make any statement whatever.
They were hung on the bank of the river above town and are buried
beneath the gallows.
Investigations are still going on throughout the country, all of
which tend to confirm the facts elicited at this place. The evidence
obtained before the committee will be published in due time. More anon.
26
[page 1, column 5, top of page]
More Incendiarism!
Fire in Austin - Loss $30,000
The State Gazette has an account of a serious fire at Austin on the
26th instant, by which Mr. Geo. Glasscock's steam mill and machinery were
burned to the ground, together with some four hundred and fifty bushels of
wheat.
The fire was evidently the work of an incendiary, and following
several unsuccessful attempt to set fire to Austin, leads to the belief
that it has some connection with the recent Abolition incendiaries in
northern Texas.
The loss was $30,000, and there was no insurance.
The Weekly Telegraph, August 7, 1860
[page 1, column 8]
July 29
More of the Up-Country Excitement--The
Vigilance Committee doing their Work
Dr. Pryor writes to the State Gazette, under the date of Dallas, July
23 and 24, the following additional particulars of the progress of the
Vigilance Committee in their work of ferreting out the guilty parties in
the late outrages in that county:
The Vigilance Committee have been in session all day, and this.
evening they announced that three of the ringleaders of the insurrection
are to be hanged tomorrow. These scoundrels were among the most hardened
|
|
and unscrupulous of the whole number. The decision seems to give general
satisfaction. The crowd dispersed after this announcement, and a strong
guard was detailed to watch the jail in which are confined six or eight of
the criminals. The police are active and unremitting in their efforts,
and it would be impossible for the whole abolitionist fraternity to
surpise us now, although we might be easily overpowered. They would have
to fight for it, however.
Tuesday, July 24.- This evening, at four o'clock, the three
ringleaders, Sam, Cato, and Patrick, were escorted from the jail, under a
strong guard, to the place of execution. An immense concourse of citizens
and negroes assembled to witness their exit from the scene of their
wickedness. As they passed through, they surveyed with composure the
ruins of the once flourishing town that now lay in a blackened mass before
them. Patrick Jennings (so called) remained calm and collected during the
whole day, and betrayed no remorse or feeling whatever in view of his
approaching doom. He it was who fired the town, and that night, after its
destruction, glorified himself for the deed, and pronounced it only the
commencement of the good work. These facts were obtained from many
witnesses, who testified to the same facts without any hesitation, or
contradiction of each other's statements. Sam Smith, so called from the
name of his master, was an old negro preacher, who had imbibed most of his
villainous principles from two abolition preachers (Blount and McKinney)
who had lived in the country a year before, and had had much intercourse
with said negro. This old negro was a deep-dyed villain. Cato had always
enjoyed a bad reputation. They met their fate with a composure worthy of
27
a better cause. Patrick Jennings, with unparalleled nonchalance, died
with a chew of tobacco in his mouth, and refused to make any statement
whatever,
They were hung on the bank of the river above town, and are buried
beneath the gallows.
Investigations are still going on throughout the country, all of
which tend to confirm the facts elicited at this place. The evidence
obtained before the committee will be published in due time. More anon.
The Quitman incendiary, who was fired upon and escaped, leaving his
shavings and matches in front of Sparks' law office, had not been
discovered. The Herald extra says:
Since our paper yesterday, [giving an account of the attempted
incendiarism] made its appearance, we learn that Mr. Ed Pollit, residing
some fifteen or eighteen miles south of this place, saw a stranger, on
Thrusday last, of suspicious appearance. He came to Mr. Pollit through
the woods, and inquired if he could get through to Quitman, and came on in
this direction. On the day after the attempt to fire the town, about
noon, a man, answering fully the description, came through the woods to
Mr. Cilbreath's, about fourteen miles southeast of this place. He said he
was lost. What a stranger can mean be straggling through the woods isa
question which very naturally excites suspicion.-~ Some of the citizens
are inclined to the opinion, from a combination of circumstances, that
this is the identical man shot at on last Friday night.
We give these circumstances as we hear them, thinking, perhaps, they
may lead to some light on the subject.
28
29
The Herald says:
Our streets are now nightly guarded with eight men, who will require
a strict account from all who may be seen lurking in suspicious places,
white or black; and slaves will not be permitted to straggle through the
town at a late hour, even with the written permission of masters, unless
on urgent business, and then not without the company of a guard.
We believe every city and town in the State, or nearly every one, is
now guarded by a vigilant volunteer night police. There are no evidences
amounting to anything of there having been any plot in the Southern half
of the State. still, these vigilant guards have done much good in
arresting vagabond white men, and runaway negroes. For obvious reasons
their operations do not find their way into print, though the volunteers
in all this section of the country, so far as we know, report all their
doings to the municipal governments.
The Weekly Telegraph, Tuesday, August 7, 1860
Ipage 1, column 9 entire]
Public Meeting at Lynchburg
7 A call for a public meeting, signed by Dr. J. C. Massie and thirty
other citizens of the neighborhood, was posted at Lynchburg, and in
obedience to the call a large number of highly respectable citizens
assembled on this day.
On motion of J. C. Walker, Dr. Massie was called to the chair, and
Dr. Frost appointed secretary.
The chairman, in a very feeling and eloquent manner, alluded to the
30
object of the meeting, and demonstrated satisfactorily that it was to the
interest of all parties, slaveholders as well as non-slaveholders, to
stand by the institutions of the country, and not only to suppress a
servile insurrection, but to prevent the spread of Black Republican
sentiments.
On motion of Capt. Walker, a committee was appointed by the chair to
draft resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting, whereupon the
chair appointed the following gentlemen: Capt. J. C. Walker, Col. A. H.
hite, Mr. W. M. McCormick, M. McKinsey, Lt. West, J. C. Habermehl, T. J.
Hare, Dr. Hartridge, J. McCormick, A. McCormick.
The committee retired, and after being absent a few minutes, reported
the following preamble and resolutions:
Whereas, We, the citizens of the southern portion of Harris
county, have read with feelings of the deepest concern the ‘
insurrectionary movement now prevailing along our northwestern
frontier, and not knowing the extent of its ramifications but
believe that there is a wide-spread conspiracy; therefore be it
Resolved, that "the discovery of this conspiracy
constitutes a revelation that may well arouse the minds of our
citizens. That the emissaries of fanaticism can come among us
and carry out such a plot, to so great an extent, would hardly
have been believed. But the fact that they have done so should
arouse public attention and give direction to the eye of
. suspicion. Our soil is no place for anything but the dead
bodies of men who could even look with complacency on such
scenes. When not only our cherished institutions are attacked,
but more--when the very torch is set to our dwellings, the
knife is to the throat of our citizens, and our wives and
daughters parceled out to the terrible outrages of these
hellish miscreants; when this is done, not in one case alone,
nor in one neighborhood alone, but in a conspiracy which
extends throughout hundreds of miles of territory, it is time
to sound the alarm throughout the length and breadth of the
land. It is time for men to buckle on their armor. It is time
for all true men to come together, and in the name of the
people put to death or drive out every man who is not a friend
to our institutions. We say this boldly, as men who are by no
31
means men of blood, or advocates of violence. We say it
freely, and knowing what of wicked animosity it may stir up in
the minds of traitors. We would proclaim it in thunder tones,
that it might arouse the country, and be heard even to those
northern recesses where these foul crimes have been concocted,
and where now black~hearted, sanctimonious villains are
preaching the inevitable tendency to these things.
Resolved, That an outraged country demands the blood of
these fiends in human shape, and we pledge ourselves to aid and
assist our friends at a moment's call.
Resolved, That, as it is established beyond all doubt that
this insurrectionary movement was instigated by some northern
preachers who were expelled from the county of Dallas last
year, and as it is equally believed by this. meeting that nine
out of ten of the Black Republican lecturers at the North are
preachers of the Gospel, and that their hellish doctrines are
promulgated from the temples of the living God, therefore be it
Resolved, That we will not countenance any preacher who
comes amongst us from a Black Republican State, unless he comes
with such vouchers as will satisfy our community.
The report of the committee was received, and the resolutions were
then unanimously adopted; whereupon Mr. Roper introduced the following
resolution: Resolved, That the chairman of this meeting be authorized to
appoint a patrol from such of the citizens present as shall volunteer for
that purpose--whereupon every citizen present volunteered and enrolled his
name.
The chair appointed the following gentleman Captains of Patrol: Ben
E. Roper, Chas. H. Mason, A. P. Tompkins, T. J. Hare, John Cresswell,
Richard West--who have power to enroll the names of any who choose to
volunteer.
Captain John C. Walker introduced the following resolution:
Resolved, That if any citizen present should suspect
or hear of any abolition emissary in our midst, he shall
report to the chairman, who shall give notice for a
meeting immediatley, to attend to such a case.
Dr. Massie introduced the following resolution:
32
Resolved, That the editorial in the Telegraph of July
26, upon the subject of this insurrectionary excitement,
is a bold, firm, courageous, manly article, and the
sentiments therein enunciated meet our unqualified
approbation.
Resolved, That the Houston and Galveston newspapers
be requested to publish the above proceedings.
Whereupon the meeting adjourned.
J. C. Massie, Ch'n.
Cc. Tf. Frost, Sec.
Lynchburg, July 31
The Weekly Telegraph, Tuesday, August 7, 1860
[page 2, bottom two thirds of column 6, top of 7]
LETTER FROM DALLAS
Execution of the Incendiaries-Some Important Developments-
Danger of too much Indulgence-Railroad Sentiment-Cotton the
Poisen of Abolitionism-Importance of pushing the Railroads ahead-
Flournoy and McAdoo-Breckenridge and Lane-A Promising Son of Old Kentucky
Dallas, July 25
Ed. Telegraph: Three negro men, the leaders in the insurrectionary
plot, were executed at this place last Tuesday evening. One of them, Pat
Jennings, was the man who applied the torch to the town of Dallas, and
one of the most prominent of those who were engaged in the work. Sam
Smith, another and a preacher, was a hardened old scoundrel, and the
third--old Cato--had always borne a bad character in this county. They
were taken out of jail, escorted to the place of execution by the
military, and, in the presence of a large concourse of people, expiated
their crimes as justice demanded. They betrayed no discomposure in view
of the awful fate before them. Pat positively refused to say anything,
33
and died with as much indifference as if he had been about his ordinary
occupation. With unparalleled nonchalance, he retained his chew of
tobacco in his mouth, and died with it there. They hung about twenty
minutes, Pat dying very hard, and the other ,two without a struggle--the
former by asphyxia and the two latter by dislocation of the cervical
vertebrae.
This is a fearful warning to the rest, who yet may share the same
fate. In Waxahachie many important developments have been made, and a
large amount of poison found in the possession of negroes. The whole
affair will have the most important results. ‘The dangerous sentiments
entertained by some people will be shown up in their practical results,
and be laid open before the country in their naked deformity, stripped of
all adventitious coloring. Men in high places will find a practical
interpretation of their political dogmas in the view taken of them by
deluded negroes. The plot to devastate northern Texas is dated froma
certain time, and based upon facts calculated to mislead a people no
better informed than our negro population. The danger of suffering
negroes to go out to celebrations, to hear political speeches and to hold
meetings of their own, is rendered apparent by the developments connected
with this matter. We have learned a lesson, and will profit by it.
What of the railroad, Cushing? For Heaven's sake hurry on the work.
Thousands of our rich, broad acres are lying idle and useless now, that
would be white with cotton if our road was completed. Cotton is poison to
the abolitionist. He cannot breathe in a cotton field; it is worse to him
than hemp, and if we had the means of transportation we could supply your
34
market with inexhaustibel quantities of the raw material. We are in the
right latitude, and our soil the most prolific, and better adapted to
cotton than corn or anything else, as its growth fully testifies; and yet
we are left to the mercies of the villainous hordes of abolitionists, who
wish to play their Kansas game upon us. Give us our road, to which we are
entitled by the contributions of our citizens three or four years ago, and
then we will be safe. But without this, who knows what may happen?
Flournoy and McAdoo closed their canvass at this place on Saturday
last, by not speaking at all. They spoke at Kaufman the day before. I
have heard the highest encomiums passed upon Flournoy. He is spoken of as
one of the most promising young men in Texas. He has begun a brilliant
career, and will make a name for himself, depend upon it. He will sweep
the whole of this portion of the State, notwithstanding that the
Opposition have flooded the country with their "Constitution and Union"
tickets. The people will not be humbugged again.
As regards the Presidential candidates, it is all one way.
"Breckenridge and Lane" is the watchword of almost every man. Bell and
Everett have a few--precious few--supporters in this county; Douglass two
or three; Houston none; Lincoln none.
There will be a ratification meeting at this place during court, and
at McKinney very soon. By the way, it may not be amiss, right here, to
pay just a small compliment to a son of Old Kentucky who has settled in
our town, and who has already distinguished himself as an orator and a
sound politician. Mr. Adams, a young lawyer, is destined to figure
largely in the politics of the country. A man of enlarged views, an
35
orator, a statesman of the best information upon the political history of
the country, he will make a useful member of society. Moreover, he has
always been a democrat, through sunshine and storm, always the same. Such
men are the men for the times. The talent of the country--the young and
rising men of the country--are mostly with us in the great sturggle for
Southern equality and Southern rights.--Victory will surely perch upon our
banner and crown us with success. I am happy to state that the leading
and most talented men of the Oppposition are with us in the fight for
Breck and Lane. We welcome them cordially, but hope that the scenes of
"59 will never be re-enacted against us, when men who had been with us
long enough to get some influence, turned upon the bosom that warmed them
into life, and stung it to death. God grant that we may have no more of
this. Pp.
The Weekly Telegraph, Tuesday, August 14, 1860
[page 1, top of column 4]
from The Houston Telegraph, August 9, 1860
Thursday, August 9 - Insurrectionary Excitement in Montgomery!
We have received letters from Montgomery dated on the 3rd and the 5th
inst., from which we learn there is considerable excitement in that county
about the negroes. It seems that a white man by the name of Simmons was
arrested on the 2d and put in jail. He was implicated by several negroes
who say he was their agent to funish them with arms.
On the 4th there was a large meeting of citizens in Montgomery, which
appointed a Vigilance Committee. This Committee was at last accounts
investigating the whole affair. They had not yet reported on Simmons
case. The Sheriff had resigned to be out of their way, the Committee by
the common consent of the people having all the authority.
We learn by word of mouth that Col. Shannon, of that county,
observing something wrong in the deportment of his negroes Saturday night,
had them taken up and separately examined. They all concur in saying that
they had formed a plot to burn his premises and murder him and his family,
and then escape.
The polls yesterday in Montgomery and Grimes were but slimly
attended, and but a small vote given. We have not yet the result.
We learn that a man by the name of Williamson, who had been suspected
of tampering with negroes at the Navosota City Depot, was arrested there
on Saturday. On being brought to trial, none but negro evidence appeared
against him, in consequence of which he was not convicted, though it was
perfectly evident that he had received stolen property from the negroes
for months, and that the negroes by his instigation were to have set fire
to the town and made their escape on Sunday night. It was decided to send
him out of the State, by way of Galveston. - We can but think that in his
case, if the facts have been correctly detailed to us, there was a shorter
way out of the State than Galveston, and that for once the shortest way
across was the nearest way home. Let our people know that every soundrel
of this kind who leaves our State alive, is either turned loose upon our
sister States, or is sent as our most blood thirsty enemy with all the
knowledge of a spy in the camps of our foes. The great law of self
preservation is the first law of nature. We must obey that law wherever
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37
it lead.
The Weekly Telegraph, August 14, 1860
from the Houston Telegraph, August 9, 1860
[page 1, column 5, bottom of page]
The Tribune on Incendiarism
{from the New York Tribune]
|
H
| For a year or two back, itinerant preachers of the Gospel have
been maltreated and run out of Texas as Abolitionists, on no other
. proof than the admitted fact that they belonged to the Methodist
Church North. Several were thus abused in and run out of Dallas
county last year. Of late several buildings have been burned in that
i : city, and it is cooly assumed that the Abolitionists are at the
bottom of the crime. It is, of course, possible that some of the
abused Methodists, or those who sympathized with them, have thus
revenged their wrongs; but it is far more probable that the
incendiaries have contrived at the same time to satiate private
| malice and to excite a fresh and murderous crusade against those they
are pleased to term Abolitionists. The pretense of an Anti-Slavery
conspiracy, looking to a rebellion in Texas, is farcical. Those who
countenance do not believe it.
There are a great many people in the North who believe the Tribune.
i We should be glad if that paper would state the truth in this matter. The
only clergyman ever run out of Dallas county was Mr. McKinney, and with
him an individual named Blount. They were run out because they openly
preached abolitionism, and endeavored to excite insurrection among the
negroes.
The “cool assumption" on the part of the people of Dallas that
Abolitionists are at the bottom of the incendiarism, is founded on the
testimony of more than a hundred negroes, who were examined separately,
and without any knowledge of each other's evidence, but who all agreed in
stating that white men had urged them to destroy the towns and burn the
dwellings of their masters through the country and then, on the day of the
election in August, to rise and murder their masters, ravish the women,
and rush in a body to Kansas or Mexico.
The pretense of an Anti-Slavery conspiracy, farcical as it appears in
the Tribune, will be well known to several of the readers of the Tribune
to be founded on facts they have had a hand in. It is indeed a terrible
fact, and shows the irrepressible conflict in a light which we believe
would convert half of the Republicans from a participation in its support,
could they but know the facts of the case, as we here see them.
The Weekly Telegraph, August 14, 1860
{page 1, column 7: top of page]
Texas Items
The McKinney Messenger speaks of the insurrectionary danger as
special and imminent. How does it like the discredit cast upon the
reports generally, by the Sam Houston press of the State? Old Sam,
finding his hands full with trying to defeat Maj. Johns, feels no interest
38
( )
39
in the people who elected him, and his press, of course, endeavor to
prepare the public mind to excuse his neglect.
The Messenger mentions the burning of a store at Black Jack Grove,
and another at McCownsville, on the afternoon of the 8th. ‘The total
destruction by all the fires in Northern Texas now amounts to three
quarters of a million dollars.
The Ft. Worth Chief says that a public meeting in that town, on the
18th, endorsed the proceedings of the parties who hung W. H. Crawford.
This was the man who had arms for distribution to the negroes.
Col. Johnson's rangers were, at last account, in the Wichita
Mountains, hunting redskins.
The Goliad Messenger says that if any of the black-hearted villains
who have been engaged in the abolition plots in Northern Texas wish to
look at the stars through a live oak, they had better come along to Goliad
at once. There are plenty of trees all ready for the purpose.
The Weekly Telegraph, August 14, 1860
[page 2, column 2, middle of page]
The Texas Disturbances
Every mail brings us accounts of some new outbreak--some further
disturbance--some incendiarism, or some murder in the interior; and nearly
all of these things are directly traced to negroes who have been tampered
with by white men, or to vagabond white abolitionists themselves.
That there has been anything like a well matured plot for an
insurrection, beyond the limits of the counties of Dallas, Ellis and
Denton, we do not believe: but that white men have passed through very
40
many counties in the State, stirring up disaffection in the minds of the
negroes, we have the most undoubted evidence. There may have been a plot
concocted, to be extended through the whole State. Perhaps there was. If
so, it has defeated itself--the first note of alarm having put the people
in every section on the alert, and set them to watching. Still there is
mischief yet lurking among us. The emissaries of the plot, if plot there
was, though foiled in their original plan, yet appear to be traveling
about the country. The fires at Austin, Henderson and other places, and
the attempted fires in Tyler, Gilmer and a dozen other towns. Besides
these fires, negroes are daily discovered in different parts of the State,
at points widely different from each other, supplied with arms and
ammunition. Runaways are taken up, who, under the lash, confess that they
were enticed away by white men. Insubordination on plantations leads to
inquiry, and in all cases, the investigations show that the seeds of
disaffection have been sown in the minds of the slaves.
In every part of the State the people are watchful. Vigilance
committees, composed of the best citizens, have been found in nearly every
county. Scarcely a day passes but some agent of those committees passes
through Houston, having in charge a suspicious character, taking him out
of the State. Whenever anything is proven beyond possibility of a doubt,
a halter at the nearest tree, expiates the guilt. We have accounts of the
hanging of at least ten or twelve men, of whom five have been whites,
according to the verdict of these committees.
We uphold the action of these Committees, so far as it has come to
our knowledge. It is one of those cases, wherein the slow process of the
|
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41
law cannot be trusted. It is one of those cases, wherein the great law of
self defense demands that communities should act in their primary
capacity, and rid themselves and mankind, of all the cut throats they can
lay their hands upon.
Let the vigilance be kept up. Let no stranger pass through the
State, who cannot give a clear account of himself. Cases of hardships
will no doubt occur, but the people must protect themselves. Let all men
of suspicious character be doubly watched, and the first impropriety let
them be taken from the State. Where any evidence of tampering with the
negroes occurs, let the proof be positive, and then, let the punishment be
swift and terrible. Tampering with negroes at times like this, is murder,
and should meet with the murderer's fate.
A man found laying a train to a powder magazine for the purpose of
blowing up a town, would not be considered the less guilty, because he was
discovered before he had applied the matehs So should not the villains,
who are trying to convert the servile populaion into a magazine of
destruction. Still, we cannot urge too much caution on the part of the
people, in keeping all their proceedings strictly in the hands of the best
citizens. Let no person have a place in the Committee who has not the
entire confidence of the whole community. A Vigilance Committee is a two
edged sword, a powerful instrument of protection in righteous hands, but a
more powerful instrument of evil, in the hands of unworthy men. Let no
evil be done by these committees, and their acts as well as their very
formation will carry a moral force, which will not only save the people
now, but protect them for the future. Let it be known that the population
42
of Texas, aS one man, will rise up at the first sign of abolitionism, and
visit its propagators with certain vengeance, and it will not be long
before the misguided, and the wicked enemies of our institution, will be
cautious of putting their heads between the jaws of the lion.
The Weekly Telegraph, August 14, 1860
[page 2, column 4: bottom of page]
THE SPIRIT OF ABOLITIONISM
To give our readers some idea of the Lafayette, Ind. Journal, an
office which has hitherto done a thriving business in supplying blank
books for County and District clerks in Texas, we copy the following from
that paper. It is a part of an article on the subject of the Texas
troubles. After giving a falsely colored account of driving out parson
McKinney from Texas, and going on to say that the memory of the affair had
faded from the public mind, the Journal says:
Humanity will vindicate itself. Power for a time may suppress
the voice of justice yet it will be heard, and though the voice be
still and small at first, like the silent and mysterious
whisperings of the avant couriers of the coming tempest, they but
precede and presage the steady march of the tornado whose voice
S and power shall yet fill the land. After months of quiet we hear
afar off in Texas, even in that land of darkness, mutterings of
vengeance for wrongs we had ourselves forgotten. Violence, wrong,
evil legislation cannot prevent it. Justice will not sleep always.
With the particulars of the Texas troubles we are not advised,
except as reported by telegraph, yet we hear enough to convince us
that they have awakened the unquiet spirit of old John Brown, and
that they will find that they have raised a spirit which will not
bow down at their bidding.
Thus we find in a paper published in this hot bed of John Brownism,
an acknowledgment of what the New York Tribune has denied, and the New
York Times affects to ridicule as an idle electioneering tale that this
incendiarism is the work of abolitionists, in fact of the professed
minister of that Gospel which teaches peace. That the ministers of the
gospel as detailed to northern abolitionists, are in other words, first
inciters to rebellion; then when punished for their misdeeds, become at
once incendiaries, murderers, indeed wretches who surpass devils in hell
in wickedness. Well, their dupes are getting their deserts. The original
rascals will not get theirs until they find them among the torments of the
damned.
Citizens of the South, will you have men of such sentiments to reign
over you? - What will you call the head that will “bow in humble
submission" to men thus actuated?
The Weekly Telegraph, August 14, 1860
{page 2, column 5: top of page]
LATEST FROM THE INTERIOR
The Incendiarism, Etc.
We give below all the additional intelligence of the Incendiarism,
etc., received up to the time of going to press:-
” Abolitionists Hung
We cut the following paragraph from the Belton Democrat:
We understood that several abolitionists have been quietly hung in
Northern Texas--the object being not to spread such facts until they
secure many others, whose names have been revealed to the appropriate
committees. We devoutly trust every one of the midnight incendiaries may
be secured and hung. Nothing else will stop their murderous work.
44
The Austin Fires
From the Austin State Gazette we cut the following concerning the
incendiarism in Austin:
The large steam mill of Capt. Glasscock is believed by many to have
been destroyed by an incendiary. Loss between $30,000 and $50,000.
The workshop of Wilhelm and Burns, destroyed on Sunday last, is also
believed to be the work of an incendiary.
The destruction of Dr. Renfro's residence on Monday last, was
attempted by an incendiary, but fortunately the fire was discovered and
arrested before doing any mischief.
The residence of Mr. Bennet has been twice fired and discovered in
time to arrest the flames before doing any injury. In this case the man
was seen applying the light, but escaped before he could be apprehended.
A negro with a knife in hand and a bundle was hailed on Monday by the
patrol, when he refused to make himself known, and started off on a run.
The patrol fired upon him twice without effect. He escaped.
On Wednesday last, the Mayor ordered an examination of the quarters
and chests of the negroes. It resulted in finding pistols, knives,
bullets, muskets and a keg half full of powder, also a bottle of powder.
The powder is the only ominous sign and it may yet be explained.
The Weekly Telegraph, August 14, 1860
{page 2, column 5: near top of page]
ANOTHER GREAT FIRE!!
Town of Henderson Burned Up!!
We learn from a gentleman who passed through Henderson in Rusk
county, on last Monday morning that the town of Henderson was set on fire
last Sunday night, the 5th inst., and was almost entirely consumed. Every
house on the square, except one, including all the business houses in the
place was destroyed.
The people of Henderson, our informant says, put no faith in the
reported conspiracy, and neglected to appoint a patrol or watch. The fire
was discovered on Sunday night about 9 o'clock. No clue has been
discovered in the perpetrators of the deed.
The above report we give as we have received it. So many unreliable
rumors have come through stage passengers heretofore that many will doubt
the correctness of this. The mails of to-morrow and possibly those of
this evening will make the matter certain.
PREACHER HUNG AT VEAL'S STATION, PARKER COUNTY
We cut the following from the Forth Worth Chief of the 1st inst.
We learn that a preacher by the name of Buley was hung at Veal's
Station last week, for being an active abolitionist. A majority of three
hundred men condemned him. This is decidedly an unhealthy climate for all
such, and we would advise all of that kind to remove instanter. [sic]
. Discovery in Washington County
We take the following from the Brenham Ranger of yesterday:
A few days since several negroes were arrested on Mill Creek, in this
county, who acknowledged to their having poisen, given them by white men,
for the purpose of poisening their owners and families, and that the day
of election, was the time fixed for a general insurrection. They also
implicated some negroes about town as being concerned in the murderous
45
plot.
Top, at noon, and finding nobody but a negro girl at home, questioned her
about runaway horses, etc., and finally asked her how she and the negroes
TROUBLE IN TENNESSEE COLONY!!
TWO WHITE MEN HUNG!
The Fairfield Pioneer extra, of the 7th, has the following:
Mr. Teague, a visitor in our office, has just arrived from
Tennessee Colony, Anderson county, and brings the news that
he witnessed the hanging of two white men in that place, on
Sunday, the 5th instant, who were proven to be guilty of
inciting insurrection among the slaves of that
neighborhood. Their names were Antney Wyrick, and his
cousin, Alford Cable. They were engaged near the Colony at
their trades of wagon-making and blacksmithing, where they
have been living for three or four years. Wyrick had been
previously taken up for harboring and selling liquor to
negroes. Negroes were found in the possession of firearms
and strychnine, furnished by these men. They were taken up
and severely whipped, and made to divulge much in relation
to the insurrectionary movements. Other white men are
implicated, and their cases will be investigated and
attended to as soon as practicable.
A negro near Science Hill, Henderson county, about
fifteen miles from the Colony, was also hung on the same
day, and much excitement was prevailing in the neighborhood.
On Monday last a white man rode up to Mr. Dick Breedings, near Round
were satisfied.--He then went off, and 15 minutes after returned with
three Negroes, demanding something to eat. The woman gave them food.
After eating they broke open a trunk in search of money.
shovel full of fire in the bed and left.
woman extinguished the fire and then ran to the overseer's house to tell
him what had happened.
some fears of something worse being done.
They then put a
After they were gone the negro
The affair caused a good deal of excitement and
46
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i
!
‘i
t
i
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THE STATE GAZETTE, Austin, Saturday August 18, 1860
John Marshall, editor p. 2 column 7 top
Letter from Dallas
Late Insurrectionary Movements ~~ Men who fear to side with the people not
to be trusted--No time to draw party distinctions--Burning of Capt.
Hamner's office--Subscription ought to be raised for him--Arrival of Capt.
Darnell and his gallant men--Col. Johnson soon to Disband--Darnell and
Bryan chagrined that no opportunity for a fight was given them,
Dallas, August 5, 1860
Editor Gazette - The excitement growing out of the late developments in
regard to the insurrectionary movements in this country, is somewhat
subsiding. But the watchfulness of the people is still as active as
amidst the first alarm. The 6th day of August, was the time selected for
an indiscriminate massacre of the whites, but owing to the strong guard
constantly kept up throughout the country, and the increasing vigilance of
the people, we have no apprehensions of an outbreak. The hanging of those
miscreants throughout the different counties seems to have struck terror
into the hearts of the remainder. They have abandoned the idea for the
present, or else they are conducting their plans more cautiously than
formerly. The attempt to throw distruct upon the action of our people, and
to brand their efforts for self-protection as lynching as mobocratic, will
revert only on the heads of those soul-less creatures, whose affinities are,
I fear, not with us, but with those who would invade our homes, murder our
men, women, and children, pollute 'the green groves' of our friends with
48
their hostile tread, and fill the country with all the horrors of a servile
and inter-necine war. Those men who fear to side with the people, through
dread of some political disaster to their party, are not to be trusted in
such emergencies, and God forbid that they should ever be called to posts of
honor and responsibility in the hour of danger. This is no time to draw
party distinctions and to run political questions, while the facts are
before us--while the country is blackened with the ruins of our burnt
houses, and our firesides endangered by the machinations of Abolition
emissaries. This is no time for idle speculations and political
twaddle--The facts connected with this matter will soon be published, and
all the developments given. The country will then see what has happened,
and will judge of the horrors through which we have recently passed.
The printing office of Capt Hamner, with all of its material, was
consumed last week--This was the work of an incendiary. This is a great
misfortune on Capt. Hamner--a man who has suffered more from Indian
depredations than any other on the frontier--who has done as much active
service as any other--who has a large family of children, a most estimable
wife in ill health--a man who is indefatigable in the pursuit of justice,
and one of the most Wighetaned and honorable feelings. The voice of ‘the
white man' in this particular emergency is hushed, and at a time too, when
its clarion notes should ring over those broad prairies, and tell its tale
of truth and justice. It is singular that it should be burned just at this
time. No one believes that Abolitionism had anything to do with it. I hope
that a subscription will be raised at once throughout the county for him,
and his press re-established without delay.
49
The Dallas Company of Rangers under Capt N.H. Darnell reached home
yesterday and today. These gallant men have borne the brunt of the
expedition, [so far as they were advance guard of the company ?] penetrated
farther into the Indian country, scouted more and saw more hardships than
any other company in the service. Although no battle was fought, our boys
are not to blame for that, for they are as gallant a set of men as ever
shouldered a gun or rifle. Their appearance unmistakably corroborates the
fact that they have not been on a pleasure-excursion. This company will be
mustered out of service on 13th inst. Col. Johnson with the portion of his
men not now discharged will beat around on the waters of the Colorado and
reach Belkanp in from 3 to 5 weeks and there disband. . .. Those veterans,
Darnell and Bryan are chagrined that no opportunity was given for a fight,
they were all ready and almost spoiling for a contest with the redskins. As
far as I can learn there are not many Houston men amongst them--there are
many Breckenbridge and Lane men, who openly express their preference for
this ticket.
The election tomorrow will be thinly attended; the results of which
shall be forwarded at once to you.
The Weekly Telegraph, Tuesday, August 21, 1860
{page 1, column 6, top half of column]
PUBLIC MEETING AT MILICAN'S
Milican's, Brazos Co., Texas, August 6th, 1860
Pursuant to previous notice a large concourse of the citizens of Beat
No. 1 in Brazos county, convened in the store house of E. M. Milican. Upon
50
motion of A. C. Briety, Esq., the meeting was called to order by requesting
Col. Henderson Hardy to act as Chairman. Col. Hardy upon taking the chair
in a brief, but eloquent manner, stated the object of the meeting to be, to
take into consideration the recent diabolical plot discovered in Northern
Texas, for an insurrection of the slaves, and what we and citizens and
slaveholders should do in the premises. A. C, Briety,
Esq., then introduced the following resolutions, to wit:
Whereas, in the opinion of this meeting, from the recent outrages
perpetrated in Northern Texas, and the more recent discoveries in our own
immediate neighborhood, that an organization has been formed by Abolition
emissaries to destroy the lives and property of our citizens, and to
attempt to encite our negroes to insurrection.
Therefore be it resolved, That we do hereby appoint and constitute N.
W. Rector, E. C. Knox, A. C. Briety, E. M. Willican, W. C. Walker, Thos.
H, Green, James A. Barker, R. P. McMichael, H. Cunningham, Wesly J.
Millican, William Farquhar, Willis D. Millican, Titus Holliday, S. C.
Brasher, B. H. Knox, F. Y¥. Hodge, B. H. Peverly, H. P. Edwards, William
Brookshear, William Dunlap, Samuel Dunlap, William H. Cunningham, Robt.
Cunningham, Alfred L. Gardnes, James M. Price, Morgan Price, David L.
Loyd, S. J. Lacy, C. C. Bass, Thos. Rector, James Hood, B. McGregor, C. P.
Patterson, Richard Norwood, B. G. Bidens, James G. Walker, George Carter,
Augustus Rooks, William C. Price, George Symms, Henderson Hardy and J, E.
Millican, a committee of Vigilance, whose duty and object it shall be, to
adopt such measures as shall quell the ill feeling manifested among our
slaves, and to remove the aforesaid emissaries from our midst.
51
Resolved further, That said Committee meet at some future time and
elect a President and other subordinate officers, and pass such
resolutions and take such action as to them shall appear most conducive to
the end and object of this meeting.
Resolved futher, That all slave owners be notifed and requested not
to permit their slaves to leave their premises without a written permit,
specifying in the same the place where they are to go, and the length of
time they may be absent.
Resolved further, That Ministers of the Gospel are respectfully
requested not to preach to the slaves for the space of the next twelve
months at least.
Resolved further, That we petition the Hon. G. B. Reed, Chief Justice
of our county, to call a session of the County Court, and appoint an
efficient Patrol Committee for this beat.
Resolved further, That slave owners be requested not to allow their
slaves to exercise ownership over horses, or any other species of property.
Resolved further, That we do hereby tender our services to our sister
counties in the even of an insurrection.
~ These resolutions were ably supported by A. C. Briety, Esq., and Col.
Hardy, the Chairman, and upon motion were unanimously adopted.
Resolved, That the following Captains of patrol and their company's
be appointed by this meeting, and that they be recommended to the County
Court for regular appointment.
No. 1. Titus Holliday, Captain, privates N. W. Rector, A. Rooks, Wm.
Rooks and R. B. Dawson.
52
No. 2. H. P. Edwards Captain, privates C. C. Bass, J. P. Lloyd, W.
C. Millican, J. L. Barnes, and William Dunlap.
No. 3. McNeal Captain, privates W. L. Rende, Thos. Knox, Sam Dunlap,
- Tidwell and E. C. Knox.
No. 4. Wesly J. Millican, Captain, privates Wm. Farquhar, Robt.
Millican, James Farquhar and George Carter.
No. 5. John Garcy, Captain, privates W. C. Walker, James M. Price,
Geo. Symms, Malon Payne.
No. 6. E. C. Thomas Captain, privates James A. Barker, Thomas
Johnson, William H. Cunningham, and A. L. Gardner.
Upon motion of Col. E. C. Knox, the proceedings of this meeting were
ordered to be written out, and sent to E. H. Cushing, Esq., Editor of the
Telegraph, with request that he publish the same.
Upon motion, the meeting adjourned.
HENDERSON HARDY, Chm.
The Weekly Telegraph, August 21, 1860
[page2, column 1]
THE INCENDIARISM
7 Every mail from the interior brings further accounts of the spread of
the incendiarism through the State. We last week mentioned the burning of
Henderson. The particulars of that fire we have at last received through
the Galveston Civilian of yesterday (Wednesday). We copy:
Mr. Pilsbury, a merchant of New Orleans, and son of the late
Hon. T. Pilsbury, of Texas, called on us this morning. He is direct
from Henderson, and fully confirms the report of the disastrous fire
i 53
in that place. It is fully believed by the citizens to have been the
work of indendiaries. A negro woman belonging to a man named
Herndon, who kept a small tavern, has confessed to having started the
fire; and her master and his brother, who do not seem to have stood
very well in the community, are charged with being concerned in the
affair. Herdon is accused of having dealt with slaves for stolen
goods. The fire destroyed the principal hotel, and all the business
| houses on both sides of the street, leaving only a single store. The
loss is variously stated at from $175,000 to $250,000. Fifty
i » thousand dollars worth of goods were burnt in the street, after
having been removed from the stores--both the Herndons and the negro
woman were under arrest. An investigation was in progress, and many
negroes had confessed to a knowledge of a general plot for arson and
robbery. The committee believe that this fire was a part of the
scheme, and it was thought that both the negro and the white man
involved would suffer capitally. The fire left the citizens in a
deplorable condition. The whole stock of groceries, &c. in the
stores had been consumed, and many families were reduced to
beggary.--The District Court was forced to adjourn for the want of
accommodations.
The reported burning of Nacogdoches is undoubtedly a mistake. THe
fire is reported on the 6th. We have the Chronicle of the 7th, with the
election returns of nearly the whole county. This shows that it must have
been printed on the 7th.
}
54
In Tyler county we learn that the utmost excitement prevailed on
election day, and that comparatively few persons were at the polls. The
Jasper Clarion learns that ten negroes were arrested, who confessed to
being parties to a plot having murder, robbery and arson for its object.
They implicated two white men who were not suspected, but who, it has
since been observed, left immediately on the breaking out of the
excitement. ‘The Livingston Rising Sun mentions a report there to pretty
much the same effect concerning Tyler county.
The Cameron Centinel says that the patrol in that town have, up to
this time, discovered in the hands of negroes two double-barreled
shotguns, one single do., one Mississippi rifle, one pistol, one dirk
knife, powder, shot, etc. It does not certainly appear that the negroes
had these arms for any bad purpose. They have been taken from them.
A plot was discovered in Hopkins county on the 4th instant, to burn
the town of Sulphur Springs, in that county, on election day, or the day
after. Some negroes confessed the plot, and at latest dates it was
undergoing investigation, amid no little excitement.
The reported burning of Dangerfield, in Titus county, adds another to
the list.
On Saturday before the election a discovery was made in Rusk,
Cherokee county, of a design upon that town, the particulars of which we
have not yet received.
We are informed by a gentleman just down from Waxahachie that it was
reported there that Tyler, in Smith county, and McKinney, in Collin
county, had been burned. We have before given our readers accounts of the
55
attempts on both those places. We fear the reports are true.
At Moscow, Polk country, the Livingston Sun learns, there was great
excitement last week. A Mexican named Sanchez was run off.
These are all the new reports received by the last mail. In view of
them let us ask what is to be done? To be sure the county committees are
all doing their duty well, and ferreting out the plots wherever they have
appeared. But it seems that as fast as the fire is put out in one town it
is kindled in another, and no day passes but that the flames are rising in
some portion of the State, kindled by the torches of Abolitionists. Ought
not some action to be had by the State at large?
Apropos of this course is a letter from a distinguished citizen of
Washington county, suggesting a State Convention, which we publish in
another column. We are inclined to favor the suggestion, and ask from the
press and people some public expression in relation to it.
It is obvious that while the action being taken in the several
counties, is checking the troubles in those localities, yet that the
deliberations and decisions of single counties will have no general effect
beyond our borders. It is desirable in order to prevent these things in
future that the people of the whole country, North and South should
understand that any efforts towards abolitionism, or insurrections in
Texas will constitute the shortest possible road to the gallows for those
who engage in them.
Should such a convention be called it should be made up of the best
citizens of the State, without distinction of party, who should come
together solely to consult for the common good. What say the people?
from The Houston Telegraph, August 21, 1860
[page 2, column 2: middle of column]
THE VIGILANCE COMMITTEE
Some disposition has been manfiested by some papers in Texas to take
the ground that the vigilance committees now in operation, in various
parts of the State, are unncessary, and the law passed by the Legislature,
providing a penalty for the expression of certain sentiments, is referred
to as an ample protection against the plots of incendiaries and
assassins. While we have always regarded vigilance committees as an
extremely dangerous mode of securing the well-being of a community, and
while we have lost no opportunity of cautioning our readers to be sure
than no unsafe men were trusted with the power of such committees, we have
still regarded them as the only resort which our people could have under
the present circumstances, They partake of the nature of Lynch law, to be
sure, but they operate against crimes of the deepest dye, and characters
of the greatest danger, which in the laws o£ the country cannot reach.
The fact is, the law passed by the Legislature last winter was
palinly unconstitutional. The Constitution of Texas guarantees the
liberty of speech and of the press, each person to be responsible for an
abuse of that liberty. Responsible to what? Not to law, for no law can
be made impairing that right; but to the people in their primary capacity
when the people at large are injured, and when individuals are injured, to
the injured party in an action for damages. We doubt very much whether an
action by the State could be made to stand in our courts, against any
56
person accused of preaching Abolitionism. Hence the necessity of the
action that has been taken by the people.
And the good effects of this action will be made manifest in due
time. Let these devils in human shape know that vengeance is on their
track, not by the slow and uncertain process and by the inadequate
penalties of the law, but swift and sure as fate itself, by the hands of
the people, and they will soon look upon every avenue into our State as an
avenue straight to destruction for them. They will avoid us, and learn to
look upon us with that wholesome dread that will raise an effectual
barrier to their approaches. This is what we believe, and hence, so far
as we have advocated the vigilance committees are we an advocate of Lynch
law--and no further.
from The Houston Telegraph, August 21, 1860
[page 2, column 4, middle of column]
The Henderson Fire
We are indebted to Estill & Likens of Henderson, for the following
statement of the losses by the fire at Henderson:
The undersigned committee, appointed by the citizens of Rusk County,
to ascertain the fact attending the burning of the town of Hencerson, on
Sunday night the 5th inst., and the amount of losses sustained by the
burning, make the following report, to wit:
That the fire was caused beyond doubt by an incendiary, and that the
losses sustained are as follows:
B. F. McDonough $25,000
K. Myer 9,000
Turner & Harper 30,000
57
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59
suppose, will be known in due time by the report of the Committee.
M. D. Ector, G. H. Gould, Wm. Steadman, W. H. Estill, J. R. Armstrong, W.
Cc. Kelly, A. B. Graham, J. McClarty, J. M. Dobson, J. E. Cobb.
from The Houston Telegraph, August 21, 1860
[page 2, column 5]
Letter from Dallas
Refreshing Showers--State of the Crops--Fall Gardens--The Prairie Mirage--
Dallas being rebuilt--Destruction of Henderson--Attempt to burn
Athens--Two more white men hunge--Certainty of the plot--Confession of a
conspirator--Authentic particulars to be made public--Rangers returning--
Generosity of the people of Dallas County--The Herald rebuilding, etc etc.
From our Dallas Correspondent - Dallas, Aug. llth, 1860
The heavens have opened and poured refreshing showers upon a thirsty
land; gentle rain has once more gladdened the hearts of thousands of God's
creatures, revived their hopes, and reinvigorated the parched vegetation
of our wide prairies. The long drought, attended with a torrid heat and
parching wind, has cut short our crop by half. A plentiful supply for
home consumption yet remains, and will last until another crop reassures
us. One remarkable feature of Texas soil is that we never make an entire
failure. A sufficiency, even in the dryest seasons, always rewards the
farmer. The heat of this summer has been unparallelled in this portion of
Texas, yet the nights have been cool and often delicious after the heats
of the day. At this time an entire change has occurred; the heat is no
longer oppressive, the earth moist, and the nights so cool that a blanket
is even endurable. The sky is cloudless, and the atmosphere pure; the
prairies are once more donning their verdant mantle, and our industrious
citizens preparing their fall gardens. Our autumn vegetables often
surpass those of the spring, as the wild flowers that glint forth amid the
mild winds of October and November are as delicately fair as those of
April and May.
Last week I rode some distance on the high prairies and witnessed
that miracle of fabulous beauty, the mirage of the prairie. Lakes of
asure brightness seemed to flash their silvery waves in the sunlight, and
at times seemed tossed with wildness along their flowery banks; fairy-like
groves were reflected upon their polished sheen, at times, and then
changing with the rapidity of a kaleidoscope, a mass of grotesque figures
were painted upon the illusive [sic] canvas--lakes, steams, trees, hills,
mountains and plains were all dancing before the bewildered eyes of the
gazer. They are seen at best advantage between 9 o'clock A.M. and 2
o'clock P.M., and are always plainest after a cool night when a rapid
evaporation is progressing from the previous night's dew.
Our town is being rebuilt with more rapidity than the most sanguine
of us anticipated at first. Mr. Hermann Hirsh has already commenced an
elegant brick storehouse on the public square; Mr. Crutchfield is
preparing to rebuild his hotel, and Mrs. Cockerell to enlarge her already
commodious establishment. We will soon have plenty of room for visitors
and travelers. Many other buildings are in progress. The ladies have
resumed their evening promenades, and you may rest assured that the
presence of crinoline once more upon our streets, has caused us to smile
with unwonted cheerfulness, and to hope for better days. For one month a
60
( )
dark cloud seems to have overhung our town and county, but a bright change
has come over us within the last few days, and now all hands seem ready
and willing to go to work and renovate our destroyed property.
We have just heard of the destruction of the flourishing town of
Henderson in Rusk county. We have hopes it is not as bad as represented.
I saw a letter received last night by a gentleman of this town from a
friend at Athens, stating that an attempt had been made at that place to
fire the town; that two white men had been hung, some negroes shot, and
others hung. All sorts of rumors are afloat, and most of them partake of
the horrible. One fact is ascertained beyond a doubt, except in the minds
of those who are wilfully skeptical on the subject, that every negro who
has been implicated in this plot, even more than a hundred miles off, has
testified to the same facts, the same dates, names and circumstances that
were detailed here at Dallas. Such men as those who pronounce these things
a ridiculous farce are men whose affinities and proclivities lead them
most naturally to such a conclusion. You will hear the particulars of the
disaster at Henderson before us, therefore it is needless to give you any
of the rumors that have reached this place.
7 Last week, a negro man, one of the conspirators died, and on his
death bed confessed his criminal connection with the insurrectionists,
revealed many additional facts, and evinced the most pungent remourse. It
would make you shudder to hear the dangers we have so far escaped. It
would excite the public mind too much to know them, hence I will not give
them in detail. You will soon get the particulars in the most authentic
form.
61
62
The election has resulted, as far as I can hear, most gloriously for (
the Democracy. The disorganizers have been rebuked, if our section of the
country is a test of the popular feeling, Dallas, Ellis, Tarrant, Parker,
Johnson, Jack and Palo Pinto, have all given heavy Majorities for
Flournoy, Johns and Randoph. The last throes of the opposition, admidst a
great _muss, have brought forth only a mus ridiculus. The Democracy like
Antaeus of old, has only been refreshed and reinvigorated by its fall,
last year. We judge that the lesson will not be soon forgotten.
The company of Rangers under Capt. Darnell have returned home. They
are a brave company of men, and desired an opportunity to show their valor
against the foe, but the Comanche was not thereabouts.
I must not forget to mention that the good people of Dallas have
generously and nobly come up and subscribed five or six hundred dollars (
for the sufferers by the late fire--perhaps more than this.
Swindells is often seen, about sunset, sitting, like Marius viewing
the ruins of Carthage, but not despondent. The Herald office is again in
progress of erection. A neat brick house, fire proof, at that, will be
built by the time the new press and material arrive here; so you can
expect to see the Herald again at no distant day. P.
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
P.O. Drawer 277 - 100 East Main Street
Headland, Alabama 36345
Watt Espy Phone
Research Specialist (205) 693-5225
Mr, Robert 5, Grier, Jr.,
TEXAS LYNCHING.
seat -pikataeon roca
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the wary
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What revaninet 4, vim in
arene ‘bebind on Hratitabiter t
sales the cougt’ house
lent that justice or ven,
i Dallas Street, Breaking Neck,
Then Hanga His Body.
4
Pear Other Men Secretly Taken $i
all and Saved from Growd That
Threatens to Use Oynamite,
para net taste New York Times,
nogre net, Texas, March 3.—With an old
Beran gee esd of It a mob to-da:
Breanet the courtroom in whieh ‘Allon
hee angiher old negro, was being
pecan tlack on a little white girl
tim (gan 8 years old, seized Brooks, cant
Ms eaxing nth: a second-story window,
tyes ng ht neck, and then dragging tho
Pre enhtush the ‘streets, hanged It ‘to
re, las h high above the heads of
Oey In the streots. Hardly a word
a Gpolcen and not aswhot was fired.
eB ‘ooks was hanged the mob
ae © jail, bent on lynching three
se Resrors and onawhite man held on
chat Ros of murder oe assault, ‘Che offi.
eutomobiin to Fart Worth,
° a
a ee is quiet to-night, the militia
and ‘the saloons. closed, AN atten te
p closed, An attempt by
Te tipmen to, disperse tHe mob at in
oer wile streams of wwater was met hy
Treake threats to lynch the firemen. ‘the
fireman incoupled thelr hose and retired
from the content, The men who made ap
atiemmee were mo masks, and mad no
iKempts to concent Identities,
eh dn neries of brntal crimes by ni
froes--murders, burglaries, purse snate
Ingo, a1 4 highway robberiea—had its clie
i ck on the Mtde gin
the negro Brooke, which dpeiinied sie
Bu. nedintely after 1, rest
he was iaken out of Dalian for safe hers
ing, and was bronght backs
walt he calling of his case.
larly In the morning & moh gathered
and made tt avis
weance had to be
lo-day ts
“ANDLYNCHES NEGRO
Flings Him from Window to
NEGRO AT HEAD “OF. RUSH’
Jz LOM AG — ara
} ?
j MOB STO | ‘After an hour of court pr
3 : RMS : during whleh the law eer appeteted tn +
4 i oe fend the negro argues ree binicaltties
‘ Judge Beay, whe was prestling, wave Ie
defenan an hour ta prepare 1m wel Ry
motien to continue fhe cane
‘The crowd fn the courtroom had beet
growing more menacing every minute (hac:
the lawyers argued, An order was Elven
to clear: the corridars, Dawn the broad
Maebt of stairs fifty or mare deputy |
“pher{fts and policemen drove the augey
imen, Then heavy chalos were throw!
jaerons fie stairways and approaches (|
Lprdvent future acces to (he courtroom. |
The chains pad Wardly been strung be |
fore a shril) whistle rang through the;
pullding. A hoarse voice shouted: Come |
on, boys!" and the “boys” ame on. i
‘They rushed at the chains, and snapped
them, one.after another, They swept
Deputy Sheriffs and policemen to one side,
rushed into the courtroom In the econ
story, and floored such officers as mt-
tempted to grapple with them there, ‘The
‘| negro, Brooks, was cowering In a cotner.;
‘A dozen men seiged him, Meantime the
crowd outside had fling up a rope with |
f& noose ready made. The noose wast
put over Brooks's head and he was nurlea]
through another window, glass, frame:
work, and all, headlong into the street
fle gave one sbrick as he fell, hit the
pavement head firrt, and landed dead,
with his nock broken. >
The mob outalde grabbed the rope and
dragged the lifeless body half a mile
through Main Street to the corner of
‘Akard Street, There they fastened the
rope to a projecting spike and hook in a!
post that formed a corner ef the yolks" |
Arch, erected durifig the Elks’ convention |
in 1908 A score of hands pulled and |
hotsted the body aloft. There it hung |
for perhaps ten minutes, exposed to (he!
View of the 10,900 or more people ase |
sombled in tho streets, Then St was cut |
down and placed In a‘small express wagon
which was driven to the City Hall, where
the Body was formally handed over to the
!
city officials, The officials ‘some time
later sent it to the Morgue.
“rhe body of the negro delivered to the |
authorities, the mob, still more than 3,000;
ntrong, marched to the Dallas, County
fait, on Houston Street, where a‘foree Cf
Fifty armed white men had been wssem-
pied for defense. The mob leaders or
dered the ‘Jail authorities to hand over
to them Burrell Oates and Bubber Rob-
inson, a pair of negro murderers of Dale
Ins; Frank MeCue, a notorious Dallas
waite man, charged with murders and’
robberles, and Hooper Sonny, a negro ac-
Guied of attack on a woman and placed
qu hete from Hopking County several
in dea ago. to prevent & mob at Como
trom lynching him.
accom
plished with nou ith jaiiora and the jail guardn declared
. A innecess: a
_ Atte an hour of court an delay, that none of the mnen were in the place, |
! j uring which the lawye preliminaries, but the mov refused to take thelr wor
H yers appointed to de- for it, ‘They took steel rails for batter-
tachnic: ing rams, partly amashed in the door, and
pecans, ing emut aemolishing the orick underpln- |
s: wave the ooo ibe building, ‘The, flremen, were |
called out and attempted to disperse the!
crowd with water, but the threat to
Tyne them caused a quick withdrawal,
hen dynamite wae displayed, and the;
word passed that the Jall would be. blown’
up if the arrigon held out much longer.
Under. this menace tho jatlers permitted
e
- a committee of fwenty to search {
_ Building. ‘Tho committee searched thor.
/
i fend the ne
ero argued
Judge Seay. who waa presid
wots mrenare in writing a
bunny. but the prisoners desired by the
vob could not be found, The four mer
_——
Times, Mew York, N /
pad heen hurried out of the jail, placed
of // q /d,
‘ in automobiles with squads of armed
; 0 Mines and rushed westward to” Fort
t Ren or Weatherford while the mob
wa covering the halt, mile trom the
a
acone of ihe hanging, ooks to the jotl
TVRN G, pl ogee hii bate Sos
'
I
|
\
i
|
repe ton projecting spice and
post that formet a orien ¢
Areh, erecten duriig tae &
ino 1Hhk A weora et ond
holated the body aloft ere te bank
for perhaps fen minntes, expensed fo tse
View of the 1.900 or om
sembled in the streets, ‘Then dt wae cut
down tnd placed in aimed expres wagon!
which was driven te the City Hfall whern :
the Body was formally handed aver to tne |
clty officials, ‘The officiais ‘aome Une 5
later sent it ta the Morgue, !
‘The body of the negro deliverad to the
authorities, the mob, still more than :Lone
Mrong, marched to the Pallas, County |
jai, on Mounton Street, where a’ force of
Yifty armed white men had been assem-
pled for defense, ‘The mob lenders or- |
dered the Salt authoriiies to hand over |
to them Burrell Oates and Bubber Rob-
{nson, a pair of negro murderers of Dal-
Ins; Frank McCue, a notorious Daliaa
white man, chatged with murders and’
robberlas, and Hooper Senty, a negro acy
cuded of attack on a women and placed
fn jail hefe from Hopkins County several
Weeks ago to provent & mob at Como
from lynching him.
‘The jatlers dnd the jail guards declared
that none ofthe men were In the place,
put the mob refused to take thelr word
y took steel rails for batters
ing rams, partly smashed in the door, and
set about demolishing the orick underpin- |
Pe or ibe building, ‘The. flremen were |
Me od out and attempted to disperse the |
crowd with water, but the threat to |
fyneh. them. caused’ a quick withdrawal, |
hen dynamite was displayed, and tho
word passed that tho Jail would be blown
Up if the garrison held out meh longer.
people 1
building. ‘Tho committee searched thor-
oughly, put the prisoners desired by the
mop ‘could not be found, The four men
pas, poen hurried out of the jail, placed
In automobiles with squads of, armed
guards, and rushed westward to Fort
‘orth’ or Weatherford while the mob
was covering the half mile from tho
geene of the hanging of Brooks to the jai,
Tt was only-when news came from Fort
Worth announcing the arrival of the
fugitives dnd thelr ghards that, about:
$:80 P. M., the mob, realizing that It had’
heen foiled, pullenly dispersed.
‘Moantimée the city was in uproar, and
Mayor Hay ordered the 220 saloons of
Dallas to be
opened until to
panies of the T
also aspembled
FORTH WOR
tomobilesa conta
Worth and saln possession of them, the
Dallas officers rushed thelr prisoners to
PRE-EMIMANTEY THE FLOHIDA. ROUTH,
|*"Atlantle Coast Lino, the standard railway 0!
lene fouth, Sour groat trate gaily, 9:50
bat 4:26, 8:26 and 9:25 P.M, 918 Bway.
1
!
¢
VOL,7, NO. 253, Bast
NINE NEGROES KILLED
IN SABINE COUNTY
BLOODY WORK DONE BY JUDGE@LYNCH AT
S- >... HEMPHILL AND GENEVA.
y \
Race War Raging and Excitement Is Running High—Murder of Two
White Men Caused Ontbreak—Ranges and Mili
Called. on for Aid. \
x
Bpestal to The Chroniai
Hemphill, Texas, June 22—A reign of tezror exists in Sabine coun-
ty, as a result of troubles between whites and blacks.
Six negroes were taken from the county jail-in Hemphill at 12
o'clotk last night, and five hanged and one was sttot on the Hemphill
and Bronson road, one mile from Hemphill! The negroes were charged
with the murder of Hugh A, Dean, a prominent young man of Geneva,
At 2 p.m. three more negroes have been added to the list of dead,
making nine since yesterday. ‘This is the record of the past 24 hours.
Burha Singleton and another negro were found dead near Geneva,
while the body of Hardy Evans, one of the alleged principals in the
Dean murder, was found riddled with bullets. The nine negroes and
the two whites have all been killed within the past two weeks.
The mob did not get Robert Wright and Perry Price at Bronson,
They passed safely thrbugh Bronson and no effort was made to capture
them, All kinds of rumors are afloat, the whole of East Texas is
aroused and telephone and telegraph inquiries are coming from all
Points.
At about'12 o'clock last night a mob of about 150 armed men
marched into Hemphill, overpowering the jailer, and taking from him
the keys, they went to the jail and took therefrom six Negroes, as
follows:
Williams, aged 20 years; Jerry Evans, aged 22 years: Will Jonson,
aged 24 years; Moss Spellman, aged 24 years; Cleve Williams, aged 27
years; Will Manuel ,aged 25 years,
Five of the negroes taken from the jail were hanged to the limbs of
one tree, ‘The sixth ran and was shot.
A condition of terror prevails, The murder of Aaron Johnson at
his home Saturday night added fuel to the flames in the hearts of the
people in this section,
ooo
Rob Wright, charged with having of- | lynching was only averted Sunday
fored $5 to the negro charged with the | from the fact that Hemphill had a
Taurder of Johoxou, ts under arrest and | DISht telephone office, and the rangers
from San Auguatine county outwitted
in the Ban Augustine jal, Reports have | the mob in getting there early in the
gone forth of a mob cominy to take | morning and geting the nexro under
hinh trom jalj,, and ‘the’ dite rangers | the pretext of extorting evidence from
and ihe state milltm have been called | ey price, the Negro arrested on
for to protest the prisoner, the charge of killing Johnson, seems
rh ORT) phareh S02, sehocl Rouse § i's oy avout oe cree !
qhers youne Dean was killed have been | (iitgence In telling his story of the
ae % horrible deed he showed but little If |
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an
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| in Virginia on April 18, 1802, He
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i the state of Coahuila and ‘Tess
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=e
Published by
THE TEXAS STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION
in Cooperation with the
CENTER FoR StuprEs In TExAs History
University oF Texas aT AUSTIN
i Se GR RAR AEA ET
VOL. LXXXVI, NO. 4
APRIL, 1983
PRGA IAN NOR RAS GENIN NBER
| orical Quarterly
'
itution but to control it. In 1978
requiring massage parlors located —
| hours earlier than other massage |
a recent vice-squad ‘officer, try to
citizens not looking for that type
, Municipal officials and the public
| stitution can be eradicated. Bob
| tdwell would understand. Both
| Austin’s nineteenth-century past.
otation); Ruth Ann Overbeck, Alexander
uotation), Jan. 1g, 1978, ase p
ps
The “Waco Horror”:
The Lynching of Jesse Washington
James M, SoRELLE* ‘
URING THE YEARS FROM 1889 To 1918, THE UNITED STATES EXPERI-
Dia 3,224 lynchings within its borders, or roughly one every
three days. Nearly 80 percent of the victims were Negroes, and the vast
majority of the incidents occurred in the South. Georgia, for example,
held the dubious distinction of leading all states with a total of 386
lynchings, while Mississippi and Texas followed closely with 3473 and
35, respectively. These statistics furnish an irrefutable record of mob
violence and seem to corroborate Mr. Dooley’s characterization of the
racial climaté confronting black Americans in the early twentieth cen-
tury. “Th’ black has manny fine qualities,” the bartender-sage told his
friend, Hennessey. “He is joyous, light-hearted, an’ aisily lynched.”
For some white Americans, lynching apparently represented a justi-
fable means of punishing alleged black criminals and of providing a
vivid reminder that white supremacy still reigned in the land. “The
white man in lynching a Negro does it as an indirect act of self-defense
against the Negro criminal as a race,” one apologist argued. “When the
abnormally criminal Negro race . . . puts himself {sic] in harmony with
our civilization, if ever, through assimilating our culture and making
our ideals its own, then may it be hoped that his {sic] crimes will be re-
duced to normal and lynching will cease, the cause being removed.”
Such a statement reveals the climate of opinion that no doubt led J. W.
Bailey, editor of the Biblical Recorder, to observe: “Lynching, mob-
spirit, lawlessness, are in the blood of our people.” Many other whites,
simply preferring to ignore the problem, would have agreed with the
reader of the Crisis, the official organ of the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People, who expressed his dissatisfaction
with “so much talk about the lynching of Negroes’: in the pages of that
journal?
* James M. SoRelle is lecturer in history at Baylor University.
1National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Thirly Years of Lynch-
ing in the United States, 1889-1918 (New York, 1919), 7; Finley Peter Dunne, “The Booker
Washington Incident,” Mr. Dooley's Opinions (New York, 1901), 210 (quotation).
*Winfield H. Collins, The Truth About Lynching and the Negro in the South (New
518 Southwestern Historigal Quarterly
On the other hand, a vocal minority of Americans, by publicly de.
nouncing the trend toward mob violence in the country, refused to sup-
port a conspiracy of silence with Tespect to lynching. Bishop Charles B.
Galloway of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, proclaimed that
“Every Christian patriot in America needs to lift up his voice in loud
and eternal protest against the mob-spirit that is threatening the integ-
rity of this Republic.” Similarly, the NAACP from its inception con-
sidered lynching (which the Crisis identified as “the standard American
industry") one of the most important problems in the country, and the
the fact that, while the frequency of lynchings began to decline after
1900. those incidents that did occur were often characterized by ex-
treme barbarity. Few examples of lynch law in twentieth-century
America demonstrate this more graphically than the mutilation and
burning of Jesse Washington at the hands of a white mob in Waco,
Texas, on May 15, 1916—an episode dubbed the “Waco Horror.’
Located on the banks of the Brazos River in the fertile blackland
region of Central Texas, Waco was a thriving community in 1916.
Local boosters described the Lone Star State’s eighth largest urban area
(estimated population 33,070)* as “The Wonder City” and emphasized
York, 1918), 70-71 (first quotation): “Some Thoughts on Lynching,” South Atlantic Quar-
‘erly, V (Oct., 1906), 353 (second quotation); JH. T. te ae Editor, Crisis, VIL (Nov.,
1913), 348 (third quotation).
S"some Thoughts on Lynching,” 355 (first quotation); James Weldon Johnson, Along
This Way: The Autobiography of James Weldon Johnson (New York, 1933), 310: Crisis,
IX (Mar., 1915), 196 (second quotation): Walter White, Rope and Faggot: 4 Biography of
Judge Lynch (1929; reprint ed., New York, 1969), 19-20. The specific title “Waco horror”
jens fo have originated with the editors of the Crisis. who published an ‘account of this
incident as an eight-page supplement to their July issue. Prior to the appearance of this
however, the Houston Chronicle expressed its edivorint opinion of “The Horror at
and a New York Times editorial stated that the mob 7 Waco had “Punished a
Horror Horribly.” See “The Waco Hortor,” Supplement to the Crisis, XII July, 1916), 1-8;
Houston Chronicle, May 16, 1916; and New Yerk Times, May 17, 1916. Previous discus.
sions of this affair include brief accounts in Charles F. Kellogg, NAACP: A History of the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 2909-1920 (Baltimore, 1967),
218. and Robert L. Zangrando, The NAACP Crusade Against Lynching, 1909-1950 (Phila.
delphia, 1980), 29-50, and a more thorough exploration in Rogers M. Smith, “The Waco
Lynching of 1916: Perspective and Analysis" GLA. thesis, Baylor University, 1971).
‘United States Department of Commerce, Bureau’ of the Census, Fourteenth Census of
the United States Taken in the Year 1920 (x1 vol Washitigton, D.C., 1921~23), HII, Popu-
lation, 1920, Composition and Characteristics, 1,015, The Census Bureau set Waco’s popu-
lation in 1910 at 26,425: ten years later the figure stood at 38,300. The town’s population
ted by computing the percent of increase between 1910 and 1920 and
assuming that the increase occurred evenly over the decade Although no certain degree of
The “Waco Horror” , 519
the “progressiveness” of the town. Economic opportunities reportedly
abounded, particularly in businesses associated with the cotton culture
of the surrounding agricultural districts. In addition, city fathers de-
picted Waco as a center for wholesale dealers and for the rapidly ex
panding insurance business. One publication of the Young Men’s Busi-
ness League described Waco in 1g12 as “a true Southern oy which is
possessed of all the business possibilities of the Metropolitan cities of
the nation. . . .” Wacoans also expressed pride in their religious and
educational institutions, which included sixty-ti ree churches of vari-
ous denominations and Baptist-affiliated Baylor University, the state's
oldest college. The influence exerted by these institutions probably
explains the message on a large electric sign that spanned one of the
principal street intersections, proclaiming Waco to be “The City With
a Soul.’””5 ,
Despite Waco’s aura of middle-class respectability in 1916, the city’s
history had been interspersed with episodes of violence, thus earning
the town the sobriquet “Six Shooter Junction.” This frontier tradition
of lawlessness, though less evident after the turn of the century, sur-
faced on numerous occasions and shattered the idyllic image so care-
fully crafted and defended by Waco’s con:munity leaders. The lynch-
ing of Jesse Washington for the murder of a white woman was one of
those occasions. ;
Early in the evening on May 8, 1916, Chris Simons was walking
toward his home on the outskirts of Robinson, a small farming com-
munity seven miles south of Waco, when he heard screams coming
from the direction of George Fryer’s place, some five to six hundred
yards down the road. Simons ran to the Fryer home, where he encoun-
tered the hysterical twenty-two-year-old Ruby Fryer and her fourteen-
year-old brother, George, Jr., who were staring at the lifeless form of
their mother, fifty-three-year-old Lucy Fryer, sprawled across the door-
way of the seed shed. Upon learning from the children that their father
was working in the fields, Simons hurried to find the elder Fryer. In-
formed of the tragic news delivered by his neighbor, Fryer drove to
Waco, the county seat of McLennan County, where he reported the
crime to Sheriff Samuel S. F leming. Fleming swiftly assembled an in-
i i i is he Waco
y can be claimed for this figure, it undoubtedly is more accurate than th
city directory’s estimate of 45,297. See R. L. Polk & Co. (comps), Waco City Directory,
1916 (Houston, 1916), 21.
3 i i “543 . Gilbert, Jr. (comp.),
Waco City Directory, 1916, 2x (first quotation), 51-54; Charles E. Gi
Waco (Waco, 1912), [6g] (Second quotation); William H. Curry, A History of Early Waco
with Allusions to Six Shooter Junction (Waco, 1968), front flyleag (third quotation).
520 Southwestern Historical Quarterly
vestigative team composed of his deputies, local constables, and a num-
ber of Waco policemen, and departed for Robinson.*
The report of Lucy Fryer’s murder spread rapidly through the Rob-
inson community, and several Jocal men banded together to offer their
assistance to Sheriff Fleming and his contingent of law enforcement
officials. Meanwhile, Dr. J. H. Maynard, a physician from nearby Ro-
senthal, arrived to examine the dead woman’s body. Maynard discov-
ered several deep gashes in Lucy Fryer’s head, including two massive
wounds penetrating the brain cavity. These blows, the doctor deter-
mined, had been delivered by an assailant who used a heavy, blunt
instrument.”
Suspicion fell almost immediately upon Jesse Washington, an illit-
erate seventeen-year-old Negro who, with his brother, William, had
worked as a hired hand on the Fryer farm since January. Shortly after
9:00 P.M., an entourage of peace officers drove to the Washington place,
where they discovered the young suspect (wearing a blood-stained pair
of overalls and undershirt) sitting outside whittling on a piece of wood.
Following a few routine questions, Deputy Sheriffs Lee Jenkins and
Barney Goldberg took the Washington family into custody and es-
corted them to Waco for further interrogation, after which William
and his parents were released. During this questioning in Waco, Jesse
Washington offered several conflicting statements but consistently de-
nied any knowledge of the circumstances surrounding Lucy Fryer's
death.s
The arrest of Jesse Washington produced a volatile climate in Rob-
inson. One Waco paper reported that local law enforcement officials
quickly “realized that the enormity of the crime would cause the hot
blood of the Robinson countrymen to fame and cry for pxotection of
their women and homes against the lust of the brute.” Aware of the
potential for mob violence, Sheriff Fleming decided to remove the
black suspect beyond the reach of a lynching party. During the pre-
dawn hours on Tuesday, May 9. Fleming transferred his prisoner to
Hillsboro, a small town thirty-five miles north of Waco. Once in Hills-
Sstimony of Chris Simons in State of Texas Versus Jesse Washington, District Court
of McLennan Councy, Texas, Fifty-fourth Judicial District, March ‘Term, 1916, Cause No.
4141 P. 6; Elizabeth Freeman, “Ihe Waco Lynching,” 8, National Association for the Ad.
Fancement of Colored People Archives (Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Wash.
ington, D.C. hereafter cited as NAACP Archives).
pivaco Morning News, May'g, 1916; Waco Times-Herald, May 9, 1916; testimony of Dr.
J. H. Maynard in Texas v. Washington, 1-2.
“Waco Morning News, May 9, 1916; Waco Times-Herald, May 9, 1916.
The “Waco Horror” Bal
boro, Fleming resumed his questioning of the accused in the presence
of Hill County Sheriff Fred Long, an interrogation that climaxed with
Jesse Washington’s confession that he indeed had killed Lucy Fryer.
Washington identified the murder weapon as a medium-sized black-
smith’s hammer and told his interrogators that he had hidden the ham-
mer in a field on the Fryer place. With this information in hand,
Sheriff Fleming returned to Waco, while Sheriff Long escorted the con-
fessed killer to Dallas, where Washington dictated a confession to Dal-
las County Attorney Mike T. Lively in which he admitted to raping
and murdering the wife of his employer. The black youth signed this
confession with an X in lieu of his name, which he was incapable of
writing. Lively then had Washington locked in the Dallas County jail
to await trial and, presumably, to protect him from possible mob as-
sault.?
Meanwhile, Sheriff Fleming arrived back in Waco and, accompanied
by deputies Lee Jenkins and Joe Roberts and County Prosecutor John
B. McNamara, drove to the Fryer farm. There the s¢arch party discov-
ered a blood-caked biacksmith’s hammer under a ‘pile of hackberry
brush adjacent to the field in which Jesse Washington had been work-
ing the previous day, and precisely in the location the black youth had
described as the hiding place for the murder weapon.t0
* The discovery of the hammer allegedly used to kill Lucy Fryer, coin-
ciding with the publication of the black suspect's confession in the
Waco newspapers, inflamed passions among Robinson’s citizenry still
further and led some to insist upon drastic action. Shortly after 10:00
P.M. that evening, Sheriff Fleming-encountered a procession of some
500 citizens from Robinson, Rosenthal, and several smaller communi-
ties in southern McLennan County headed toward Waco along the
Lorena road. The ringleaders of the group demanded that Fleming re-
lease Jesse Washington to them so that swift “justice” might be carried
out, and one of the men reportedly declared: “When we left home to-
night our wives, daughters and sisters kissed us good bye and told us to
do our duty, and we're trying to do it as citizens.” When Fleming in-
formed them that the suspect had been removed from the city for safe-
keeping pending his trial, several of the men refused to believe him and
requested to search the jail. Fleming acquiesced, and the caravan of
automobiles, buggies, and horses carrying the vigilantes proceeded
Waco Morning News, May 10. 1916 (quotation): testimony of Fred Long, Mike T, Live-
ly, and W. J. Davis in Texas v. Washington, 2-4.
10Testimony of S. S. Fleming in Texas v. Washington, 4-5.
522 Southwestern Historical Quarterly
toward Waco. Upon their arrival at the county jail, the men conducted
a meticulous search of the cells, including close scrutiny of every black
prisoner. Having satisfied themselves that Washington was not, there,
the men left quietly and returned to their homes, Following this initial
attempt to circumvent the judicial process, community leaders in Rob-
inson assured Waco law enforcement authorities that no further mob
action would be planned as long as the legal system operated swiftly in
convicting and punishing the confessed rapist and murderer.
Officials in Waco needed little encouragement to resolve the case
quickly. On Thursday, May 11, a McLennan County grand jury con-
vened and required only thirty minutes to return a murder indictment
against Jesse Washington. District Judge Richard I. Munroe appointed
six young Waco attorneys to defend the accused and set the trial date for
the following Monday. The Morning News, noting these preliminary
maneuvers, predicted that “justice will move on swift feet in the
case.”12
The trial of Jesse Washington commenced at 10:00 A.M. Monday,
May 15, in the Fifty-fourth District Court of McLennan County, with
Judge Munroe presiding over a courtroom filled to capacity. Spectators
packed the balcony, and some stood on railings and benches to obtain a
better view. On several occasions prospective jurors had to be lifted
over the crowd to reach the front of the courtroom. Judge Munroe
periodically sought to preserve decorum by gavelling for silence and re-
minding several of the male onlookers to remove their hats. Those who
could not get. inside congregated around the courthouse, lining the
sidewalks on all sides. Among this crowd of bystanders (described as
the largest ever seen in the city) were several Negroes whom one Waco
paper characterized as “quiet and seemingly not much exgited.”12
Among some of the white spectators, however, the méod was ugly.
‘Trouble was narrowly averted before the trial when Jesse-Washington,
whom Sheriff Fleming had brought back to Waco the previous eve-
ning, was escorted into the courtroom by sheriff's deputies. At the sight
HWaco Morning News, May 10, 1916; Waco Times-Herald, May 10, 1916 (quotation).
|
The “Waco Horror” 523
of the defendant, an unidentified white man pulled a revolver and de-
clared, “Might as well get him now.” Violence was prevented by an-
other white spectator, who overpowered and disarmed the gunman
and proclaimed, “Let them have the trial. We'll get him before sun-
down, and you might hurt some innocent man.” At another point early
in the proceedings an anonymous voice called out, “Don’t need no
court.” . ;
The trial proceeded rapidly. Jury selection required a mere thirty-
five minutes, as the defense counsel, headed by Joseph W. Taylor, jr.
offered no peremptory challenges to prospective jurors. Once the jury
was empanelled, Judge Munroe read the indictment and asked the de-
fendant to state his plea. When Washington seemed puzzled by the
request, the judge asked the black youth whether or not he had com-
mitted the crime for which he was being prosecuted. Munroe explained
that a guilty plea would result in hanging or a sentence of from five
years to life in the state penitentiary. The defendant’s response con-
sisted of a muttered, “Yeah,” which the court translated as “Guilty.”
Upon the completion of these preliminary matters, the prosecuting
attorney, John B. McNamara, opened the case for the state. Dr. May-
nard took the witness stand to describe the wounds inflicted upon Lucy
Fryer but, curiously, made no mention of evidence of a sexual assault.
Following this medical testimony, Mike Lively, Fred Long, and W. J.
Davis, a legal investigator and former Dalias policeman, telated the
details of Jesse Washington’s confession in Dallas and identified the
defendant as the person who, in their presence, had admitted raping
and murdering Mrs. Fryer. Sheriff Fleming and his deputy, Lee Jen-
Kins, described to the court their roles in the arrest of the defendant
and the successful search for the murder weapon. Finally, Chris Simons
and Constable Leslie Stegall offered testimony pertaining to their dis-
covery of the dead woman’s body on the evening of May 8. Attorney
McNamara then read Washington’s confession into the court record
and rested his case." .
The counsel for the defense, which chose to ask only one question
during cross-examination of the state’s witnesses, opened and closed its
case by calling a single witness—Jesse Washington. Joe Taylor asked
his client if he had anything to say to the jury in his own behalf. The
14Waco Morning News, May 16, 1916.
Ibid.
16Texas v. Washington, 1-9.
SE ST i a TAS Sa
* 1 Rees eS
Above: McLennan County courthouse, with jail at re out 1912. Below:
Judge Richard I. Munroe, Gourtesy of the Texas Collection, Baylor
University.
526 Southwestern Historical Quarterly
Negro replied, “I ain’t going to tell them nothing more than what I
said—that's what I done... .” Washington’s subsequent remark was
unintelligible to the courtroom. Taylor told the jury, “He says he is
sorry he did it.” The young counselor then asked the defendant if he
had something more to add. Washington’ remained silent, at which
point the defense rested.*” .
In his summation, Prosecutor McNamara praised Joe Taylor and
the other young Waco attorneys for complying with their legal duty
to defend their client. Furthermore, he lauded the fairness of the trial,
proclaiming: “The prisoner has been given.a fair trial, as fair as any
ever given in this court room.” This statement produced a round of
applause culminating in “a mighty yell” among courtroom spectators,
after which the jury retired to consider the fate of the accused.18
The deliberations did not take long. The jury returned after only
four minutes, and Foreman William B. Brazleton, a prominent Waco
businessman, read the verdict: “We; the jury, find the defendant guilty
of murder as charged in the indictment and assess his penalty at death.”
Following a second reading of the jury's decision, Judge Munroe began
writing the verdict into the docket hook, and law officers were prepar-
ing to remove Jesse Washington from the courtroom, when pandemo-
nium erupted. An unidentified white spectator yelled, “Get the nig-
ger,” and a group of men surged forward, seized the convicted youth,
and hustled him down the stairs at the rear of the courthouse where a
crowd of about four hundred persons waited in the alley. A chain was
thrown around Washington's neck, and he was dragged in the direction
of the river, where, someone suggested, he could be hanged from the
city's historic suspension bridge, the site of the lynching of another
Negro, Sank Majors, in 1905. Instead of continuing to the bridge, how-
ever, the mob turned on Second Street and marched towaré city hall,
where another group of vigilantes had gathered to build a bonfire. As
the crowd pushed forward to this destination, several individuals at-
tacked the struggling Washington, tearing the clothes from his body,
stabbing him with knives, and battering him with bricks, clubs, and
shovels.19 le
By the time the procession reached the city hall grounds, Jesse Wash-
ington was semiconscious and bleeding profusely. The leaders of the
mob picked up their victim, tossed him onto a pile of dry-goods boxes
Abid, 10. :
48Waco Morning News, May 16, 1916.
WIbid. (quotations); Waco Times-Herald, May 15, 16, 1916.
;
Ths “Waco Horror” 527
that had been gathered under a tree, and doused his body with coal oil.
The chain wrapped around Washington's neck was thrown over a
sturdy limb of the tree, and several men united to jerk their victim into
the air for all to see. “When the negro was first hoisted into the air,”
the Waco Times-Herald reported, “his tongue protruded from his
mouth and his face was besmeared with blood.” Then Washington's
body was lowered onto the pile of combustibles, and several whites ad-
vanced to cut off the Negro’s fingers, ears, and toes. One eyewitness
reported that the mob also emasculated the black youth. Many spec-
tators of this grim affair also seemed anxious to assist in burning
the convicted slayer. According to the Times-Herald, “[PJeople pressed
forward, each eager to be the first to light the fire, matches were
touched to the infammable material and as smoke tapidly rose in the
air, such a demonstration as of people gone mad was never heard be-
fore.” The flames swiftly engulfed Jesse Washington.2° ‘
As news of the lynching spread through the city a large crowd con-
sisting of men, women, and children assembled to watch the grisly
spectacle. Many Waco businessmen left their places of employment
downtown to witness the events on the city hall lawn. Mayor John R.
Dollins and Chief of Police Guy McNamara viewed the event from the
mayor's office in city hall, while local photographer Fred A. Gilder-
sleeve, forewarned that Washington would be lynched at the conclu-
sion of the trial, had set up his camera to take pictures of the incident.
OF the female bystanders, one local paper reported: “[A]s matters pro-
gressed . . . they seemed to get accustomed to what was taking place,
and some of them were soon laughing, and chatting, albeit their faces
were in some cases still blanched.” One well-dressed woman applauded
gleefully “when a way was cleared so that she could see the writhing,
naked form of the fast dying black.” A large number of children, in-
cluding students from nearby Waco High School who had rushed to
the scene during their lunch hour, also witnessed this exhibition of
horror, Other spectators leaned out of the windows of nearby build-
ings to get a better look.2*
*Waco Times-Rerald, May 15, 1916 (quotations); Waco Morning News, May 16, 1926;
Freeman, “The Waco Lynching,” 14.
?1Estimates of the size of the ctowd varied widely. Waco’s afternoon newspaper set the
figure at 10.000, while the morning paper claimed that 13,000 persons had witnessed the
admitted to the larger number, but as they became more snspicious of her motives, subse-
Quent witnesses stated that only 500 bystanders had gathered on the city hall lawn. A pop-
528 . Southwestern Historical Quarterly
As the body continued to burn, some onlookers searched the ground
for bits of bone, broken links of the chain noose, and pieces of the
hanging tree—items that presumably could be kept or sold as souve-
nirs. Within two hours the smouldering remains of Jesse Washington
consisted of little more than a charred skull and torso. In midafternoon
a horseman approached, lassoed the burned torpse, and dragged it
through the main streets of downtown Waco. At one point during this
macabre procession, the skull bounced off and was retrieved by a group
of young boys who extracted the teeth and sold them for five dollars
apiece. Finally, several men placed the victim’s remains in a cloth
bag and pulled the bundle behind an automobile to Robinson where
they hung the sack from a pole in front of a blacksmith’s shop for the
community's residents to see. Later that afternoon Constable Les Ste-
gall retrieved the body and turned it over to a Waco undertaker for
burial.
Thus ended an episode that most Wacoans probably preferred to for-
get. Repercussions on the state and national level, however, kept the
lynching in the public eye for several months and brought condemna-
tion upon Waco, the state of Texas, and the nation as a whole for per-
mitting a climate of race relations to exist that tolerated such an
atrocity.
In the wake of the events of May 15, the response by local whites to
the lynching of Jesse Washington varied from vigorous approval to
public condemnation of the mobs actions. Glenn Bruck, whose brother
Earle had served on the jury that had convicted Washington, pro-
claimed that his only regret was not having been present to assist the
vigilantes. The typical white Wacoan, according to the Morning News,
either seemed satisfied with what had transpired or refused to com-
ment on the incident. For its own part, the Morning News.expressed
regret over the mob’s actions but also voiced resentment over the
“wholesale denunciation of the south and of the people of Waco” that
followed. The Times-Herald refrained from editorial comment en-
tirely, noting on the day following the lynching: “Yesterday's exciting
occurrence is a closed incident.” NAACP investigator Elizabeth Free-
man reported to Royal Nash, the executive secretary of the association:
ular account of the episode published a half-century later claimed that 1,000 persons had
watched the execution. Waco Times-Herald, May 15, 1916; Waco Morning News, May 36,
1916 (quotations); Freeman, “The Waco Lynching,” 15, 20, 21; Curry, A History of Early
Waco, go. 2
22Waco Times-Herald, May 15-1916; Waco Morning News, May 16, 1916; Freeman,
“The Waco Lynching,” 15-16.
The “Waco Horror” 529
“J find very few who really condone all that was done—but when they
make it personal they feel that they would have done likewise.” On a
later occasion, she informed Nash: “The feeling amongst the best peo-
ple is one of shame for the whole happening. They realize it could have
been stopped if they had had a leader—now they think they are right
in trying to forget it & fancy the world will do so too.” When Freeman
questioned Judge Munroe about his failure to halt the mob by using
the pistol he kept hidden ina drawer at the bench, the judge respond-
ed, “Do you want to spill innocent blood for a nigger?” The apparent
failure of Waco’s religious leaders to condemn publicly the affair par-
ticularly distressed the NAACP investigator. “Cannot get the ministers
to aid,” she told her superiors in New York. “They simply say it is
deplorable.” On May 21 she reported: “So far I have not found a Chris-
tian (?) minister who has protested against the action of the Waco
folk.”23
Some whites in McLennan County seemed disturbed, not so much by
the lynching per se but rather by the mob’s treatment of Jesse Wash-
ington’s burned corpse. John Strauss, one of Robinson’s educational
leaders, claimed that the people in his community utanimously con-
demned the dragging of the black victim's body through the streets of
Waco. “If only they had just hung [sic] him,” wrote Elizabeth Freeman
in attempting to characterize local white opinion, “they felt that would
have been all right, but the burning—the dragging of the charred torso
through the streets is so much worse than his crime.”2#
Not all local whites, however, shared the opinion that silence and in-
action were the most appropriate responses to the lynching. Several
leading Wacoans, including jury foreman William Brazleton and local
newspaperman Edward M. Ainsworth, argued that some public pro-
test should be made. Moreover, they were especially critical of the city’s
law enforcement officials for not intervening to prevent mob violence.
In addition to the opposition voiced by a few individual citizens, a spe-
cial committee of the faculty at Baylor University issued a series of
resolutions condemning the mob’s actions and expressing concern that
the incident “will evoke from the outside world reproaches unmerited
23Waco Morning News, May 16, 19, 24 (first quotation), 1916; Waco Times-Herald, May
16, 1916 (second quotation); Elizabeth Freeman to Roy Nash, [May 20, 1916] (third and
sixth quotations); Freeman to Nash, [May 24, 1916] (fourth quotation); Freeman to Nash,
[May 21, 1916] (seventh quotation), NAACP Archives; Freeman, “The Waco Lynching,”
11 (fifth quotation), 17.
24Waco Morning News, May 16, 1916; Freeman to Nash, [May 20, 1916] (quotation),
NAACP Archives.
530 Southwestern Historical Quarterly
by the majority of the people of our fair-city and county. ” The:
efforts to challenge the legitimacy of the mob in taking Jesse Washing.
ton’s life, however, clearly represented a minority course of action
among white residents of Waco and McLennan County.” "
Blacks living in Robinson and Waco generally reacted to the events
surrounding the murders of Lucy Fryer and Jesse Washington either
by keeping their thoughts to themselves or by taking a conciliator
stance. One of the few Negroes to offer his opinions publicly was C. a
Dorsey, a Robinson school teacher, who characterized Mrs. Fr er's
murder as a “most horrible outrage.” Dorsey gave assurances that all
respectable black Robinsonians deplored Washington’s crime and pro-
claimed that the incident had produced no pernicious repercussions in
the community. “[T]he white people of Robinson,” he wrote prior to
Washington's trial, “have shown the negroes here the same sympatheti
and helpful spirit that they had always shown before... .” In Waco the
Reverend John W. Strong, dean of the all-black Central Texas College,
and the Reverend I. Newton Jenkins, pastor of the New Hope Ba tist
Church, expressed their regret with respect to the crime that had vaken
Lucy Fryer’s life, but in a comfidential statement to Elizabeth Freeman,
they noted their disappointment that Waco’s white clergymen had not
been more outspoken in denouncing the brutal and extfalegal execu-
tion of Jesse Washington. After interviewing several local Negroes
concerning their views of the events that had transpired between Ma y
band May 15. Freeman concluded: “The feeling of the colored people
wae Saou they had one rotten member of their race the whites
While most local blacks were reluctant to condemn the lynching, at
least one Negro in Waco refused to curb his outrage. A.T. Smith
managing editor of the Paul Quinn Weekly, the school ‘paper at all:
black Paul Quinn College, published several articles deriouncing the
incident. Richard D. Evans, a black attorney in Waco, commented that
the Smith articles “took this city to task harder than any I have read on
this lynching.” In fact, one of the editorials included an unfounded
charge (reprinted from the Chicago Defender, one of the nation’s lead-
ing black weeklies) that George Fryer, Sr., not Jesse Washington, had
murdered Lucy Fryer. This charge led to Smith’s arrest and ConVICHOE
25Freeman, “The Waco Lynching, 18-19, 23; fori
wnt co Lynching, 18-19, 23; Waco Morning News, May 28, 1916 (quo-
26Waco Morning News, May 14, 1916 (fi r
vache a NE Nat a 1 (first and second quotations); Freeman, “The
The “Waco Horror’ 531
on charges of criminal libel. Attorney Evans informed the NAACP that
the Smith case had produced additional racial tensions in Waco and
that, despite Evans’s decision to defend the embattled editor, “The col-
ored people here were afraid to help him [Smith] and afraid for me to
do so... .7?7
Elsewhere in Texas, newspapers published a report of the lynching
distributed by the Associated Press wire service. A few white dailies in
the larger cities offered editorials condemning the brutality of the inci-
dent and bemoaning the fact that public opinion everywhere would
blame the entire state for the affair. The San Antonio Express, for ex-
ample, called for a halt to lynching in the South, adding, “The Waco
disgrace is the disgrace of Texas.” The Austin American admitted that
Jesse Washington deserved to die for his crime (a common sentiment
in the state press), but not at the hands of a band of vigilantes. Particu-
larly distressing to the American was the occurrence’ of such a barbaric
event “in one of [the state’s] great centers of learning, of boasted civili-
zation. ... A city of good people, of fine homes, of refinement. ...” The
two major white dailies in Houston published criticisms of the lynch-
ing that resembled each other in tone. “Not a word of defense is there
to offer; not an extenuating circumstance to plead,” the Chronicle pro-
claimed in its editorial. “Bestial cruelty, though seemingly sanctioned
by religious indignation, never did, and never will, strengthen those
customs, institutions and standards which make society respectable
and the individual’s life safe.” The Post agreed that “From no angle
viewed, can there be the least excuse, much less justification, offered
for” the lynching and asked in a tone of rhetorical indignation, “Oh
Shame! where is thy blush?” In Dallas the white dailies remained edi-
torially silent. Nor was the Dallas Express, a black weekly, substantially
more forceful. Usually known for its hard-hitting attacks against all
forms of discrimination against Negroes, the Express assumed a re-
strained position and maintained that no mob would have wreaked
vengeance in Waco had Lucy Fryer not been murdered. “There is a
time to talk and a time not to talk,” the Express informed its readers.
“To our mind, here is a time for thought.”’6
27R. D. Evans to the Editor, Crisis, XIII (Jan., 1917), 122 (quotations), 123; Memoran-
dum from Roy Nash to Joel Spingarn, Aug. 11, 1916, NAACP Archives. After waiving his
right co a jury trial, Smith was sentenced to one year of hard labor on a county convict
labor gang.
28San Antonio Express, May 17, 1916 (first quotation); Austin American, May 17, 1916
(second quotation); Houston Chronicle, May 16, 1916 (third quotation); Houston Post,
May 17, 1916 (fourth and fifth quotations); Dallas Express, May 20, 1916 (sixth quotation).
Scoala
532 Southwestern Historical Quarterly
Outside the state, reaction to the lynching was generally harsh,
“Waco did more than burn a Negro,” one California newspaper ex-
plained. “[S]he burned her own courage, decency and character, out-
raged the imaginations of her young people, and smeared a foul dis.
Stace across her civic life.” The New York Times objected to the mob’s
refusal to permit the law to take its full course in punishing Jesse
Washington and emphasized the boldness of the vigilantes in acting in
broad daylight. Waxing hyperbolic, the Times concluded that the
lynching had been carried out “apparently by the whole population of
the place.”29
Several progressive journals added their voices to the wave of indig-
nation produced by the Waco affair. The Independent characterized
the lynching as “an orgy of mob brutality and savage lust” and, in a
subsequent issue, proclaimed: “Waco is indelibly disgraced. Texas is
indelibly disgraced. The United States is indelibly disgraced. . .. Noth-
ing in the reports of the atrocities in Belgium, East Prussia, Serbia or
Armenia shows a more hideous state of public opinion than that mani-
fested by the people of Waco in Participating in such a degrading dis-
play of wanton savagery.” The New Republic called thé lynching in
Waco “a filthy crime” and expressed dismay that Fred Gildersleeve’s
photographs of the incident “showed a typical straw-hatted summer
crowd gazing gleefully at the hideous crisp of what was once a Negro
youth.” Oswald Garrison Villard’s Nation castigated the faculty of Bay-
lor University for failing to condemn publicly the episode. This unin-
formed assertion elicited a Prompt response from Dean John L. Kesler,
the University’s acting president, who apprised Villard of the faculty
resolutions deploring the action of the mob. Kesler further reported
that he had “condemned [mob law} in as strong words as.the English
language would permit without violating the ten commaridments” in
the presence of eight hundred students assembled for chapel services.
Finally, Dean Kesler claimed that the lynching had been denounced
from the city’s leading pulpits in sermons delivered by the Reverends
Frank P. Culver of Austin Avenue Methodist Church, Charles T.
Caldwell of the First Presbyterian Church, Frank $. Groner of Colum-
bus Street Baptist Church, and Joseph Martin Dawson of First Baptist
Church. Villard noted the correction to his earlier charge but main-
tained that “Waco cannot hold up its head until the criminals are
punished.”
*san Francisco Bulletin, May 16, 1916, reprinted in Crisis, XUL (Aug., 1916), x89 (first
quotation); New York Times, May 17, 1916 (Second: quotation),
50A Terrible Crime in Texas,” Independent, LXXXVI (May 29, 1916), 325 (first quota-
The “Waco Horror’ 533
At the same time that the editors of several major newspapers and
journals condemned the Waco lynching, their comments produced re-
buttals from a number of whites who attempted to justify the mob’s
action or, at least, to place the blame elsewhere. One northern-born
Texas resident complained that the Nation should direct its editorial
venom against the crime of rape rather than lynching. “It may be bad
to lynch,” he admitted, “but is it not far worse fora dehumanized fiend,
swelling with bestial lust, to lay his cursed hands on a pure, defence-
less woman to satisfy his animal nature?” A white Floridian added the
oft-repeated reminder that northerners could not possibly understand
race relations in the South and, therefore, could not react objectively
to the lynching of blacks. The only preventive for Negro crime, he
concluded, lay in “a sure, swift punishment as was meted out by the
Ku Klux Clansmen [sic] in the days of reconstruction.” The editors of
the Outlook condemned the failure of Waco officials to prevent the in-
cident. “Political, moral, and physical cowardice are written all over
the story,” the journal charged. At the same time, the Outlook offered
a unique (though highly questionable) interpretation to account, at
least in part, for the recurrence of lynchings in the United States by
blaming “a small group of Negro leaders who have been preaching
covetousness and envy as virtues, and who have tended to dull the
minds of some of their followers to a sense of duty and to the impor-
tance of self-control.”
The public response by blacks on the national level to the Waco
lynching fell into two categories—either one of conciliation or one of
condemnation. Even when not compelled to silence by geographical
proximity to McLennan County, a few Negroes took a conservative
stance. For example, a black Georgian asked that the race as a whole not
be judged by the acts of “troublesome and insolent” Negroes like Jesse
Washington. “Our beloved neighbors will attest,” he continued, “that
the negro is the last one in general to harbor a desire to defend from
Just punishment any sort of criminal.”52
ton); “An American Atrocity,” ibid, LXXXVIT (July 91, 1916), 146 (second quotation);
Editorial, New Republic, VIL (June 5, 1916), 102 (third quotation); “The Will-to-Lyneh,”
Did. VIII (Oct. 14, 1916), 261 (fourth quotation); “Moving Against Lynching,” Nalion,
CUT (Aug. 3, 1926), 101; Editorial Comment, ibid., CHE (Oct. 5, 1916), 322; J. L. Kesler to
the Editor, Oct. 25, 1916, ibid., CII (Dec. 28, 1916), 609 (fifth quotation); Editorial Com.
ment, ibid. (sixth quotation).
iJ. T. Winston to the Editor, May 26, 1916, Nation, CII (June 22, 1916), 671 (first quo-
tation); Elliott G. Barrow to the Editor, June 22, 1916, ihid., CII (July 6, 1916), 11 Gecond
quotation); “To Lynch or Not to Lynch?" Outlook, CXV (Jan. 24, 1913), 138 (third and
fourth quotations).
“Robert F. Gibson to the Editor, June 23, 1916, Nation, CHI (July 13, 1926), 95.
534 . Southwestern Historical Quarterly
In contrast, the black press outside Texas almost uniformly de-
nounced the mob’s actions in Waco. The Savannah Tribune, referring
to lynching as the “popular life-taking game in the southland,” charac-
terized the Waco incident as “about as barbarous a deed as can be com-
mitted.” In an editorial for the New York Age, James Weldon John-
son declared that the details of Jesse Washington’s death were “enough
to make the devil gasp in astonishment. . . .” Johnson called upon Pres-
ident Woodrow Wilson to condemn such lawless incidents in a public
statement and asserted that nowhere else in the world “could be found
a people so close to the brute but they would have done such a deed.
In comparison with them [the Waco vigilantes], a crowd of Mexican
bandits is a company of high-souled, chivalrous gentlemen.” Perhaps
the most outraged protest in the black press, however, emanated from
the offices of the Chicago Defender. Edited by Robert $. Abbott, the
Defender immediately announced its belief in Jesse Washington’s in-
nocence, arguing that the black youth had been railroaded by the Waco
judicial system. Several of the Defender’s reports of the lynching were
sensationalist in nature, including the previously cited publication of
the unfounded rumor that George Fryer had been arrested and
charged with murdering his wife.** >
OF all the national attention devoted to the Waco lynching, how-
ever, the most far-reaching demonstration of outrage generated by the
affair occurred within the ranks of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People. Reports of the incident stirred the
NAACP to launch a full-scale investigation of the lynching. The Asso-
ciation contacted Elizabeth Freeman, who was attending a women’s
suffrage convention in Dallas, and asked her to travel to Waco to col-
lect data relating to Jesse Washington’s death. Freeman’s findings ap-
peared (as previously noted) in a supplement to the July 19 r6-issue of
the Crisis, entitled “The Waco Horror.” The journal's editor, W. E. B.
Du Bois, sermonized: “To other persons we say as we have said before:
any talk of the triumph of Christianity, or the spread of human cul-
ture, is idle twaddle so long as the Waco lynching is possible in the
United States of America.”**
Several NAACP officials saw in the “Waco horror” a powerful cause
célébre upon which the association might expand its antilynching cru-
88Savannah Tribune, July 8, 1936 (first and second quotations); New York Age, May 25,
1916 (third and fourth quotations); Chicago Defender, May 20, 27, June 3, 10, 1916.
Roy Nash to Elizabeth Freeman, May 16, 1916, NAACP Archives; “The Waco Hor-
ror,” 1-8; W. E. B. Du Bois, “Lynching,” Crisis, XI (July, 1916), 135 (quotation).
i
L
The “Waco Horror” 535
sade to include a federal law prohibiting the crime of lynching. In late
July, Joel E. Spingarn, chairman of the NAACP’s board of directors,
and Oswald Garrison Villard, the organization’s treasurer, issued a
joint appeal for contributions to an antilynching fund to finance “the
first nation-wide campaign against the ancient American institution of
lynching that ever gave promise of wiping the blot once [and] for all
from our escutcheon.” The following month, Spingarn informed Phil-
ip G. Peabody, a prominent Boston attorney who had expressed inter-
est in financing an antilynching campaign, that “The publicity we
gave Waco has roused a fighting spirit we must not let die.” Mean-
while, Villard, in an appeal for financial assistance for the NAACP’s
Anti-Lynching Fund, proclaimed: “The crime at Waco is a challenge
to our American civilization, yes, to every American. . . .””°°
Invigorated by the national attention devoted to the lynching of
Jesse Washington, the NAACP’s antilynching crusade proceeded at
such a furious pace during the remainder of 1916 that Joel Spingarn
optimistically declared the campaign “the most striking achievement”
of the year. By early 1917, however, international events dominated
the nation’s attention to such an extent that little interest could be
generated for reforms in the reaim of race relations. With the entrance
of the United States into World War I in April, NAACP leaders prob-
ably realized that they had little hope of winning support for such a
politically divisive issue as a federal antilynching Jaw. Consequently,
while NAACP antilynching efforts continued on several fronts during
the war, the “Waco horror” was relegated to an anonymous position
among thousands of instances of mob violence inflicted upon black
Americans in the pre-World War I era.
In many respects the events surrounding the lynching of Jesse Wash-
ington differed little from other episodes of mob violence in the
United States. The incident occurred in the South, and the victim was
a black male who had confessed to crimes that in the eyes of some
‘ocl E. Spingarn to Philip G. Pea-
35Cleveland Advocate, July 22, 1916 (first quotation);
, 1916), 168
body, Aug. 4, 1916 (second quotation), NAACP Archives; Crisis, XII (Aug.
(third quotation).
36Crisis, XII (Feb., 1917), 166 (quotation); Kellogg, NAACP, 220, 227-231. The “Waco
horror,” however, was not completely forgotten following America’s entrance into World
War I. Among the literature distributed for the NAACP-sponsored “Negro Silent Protest
Parade” in New York City on July 28, 1917-—a demonstration against mob violence held
in the wake of the East St. Louis race riot-—was the following statement: “We march be-
cause we want to make impossible a repetition of Waco, Memphis, and East St. Louis, by
arousing the conscience of the country and bringing the murders of our brothers, sisters,
and innocent children to justice.” Zangrando, The NAACP Crusade Against Lynching, 37,
38 (quotation).
gee
pecorernens gms rere core me tiene tat
Southwestern Historical Quarterly
white southerners made lynch law justifiable, even necessary. Nor was
the barbarity of the mob particularly unusual for the time, Moreover,
the refusal of Waco officials to seek indictments against the ringleaders,
even though their identities were known throughout the city, indicates
that this incident followed a pattern generally adopted by local officials
dealing with similar acts of violence. ‘
Significantly, however, in lynching Jesse Washington, the mob in
Waco unwittingly provided the NAACP with a cause célébre that the
national association could utilize to invoke support for a systematic
campaign to halt lynchings. To capitalize upon Philip Peabody’s offer
to fund an antilynching crusade, the NAACP needed a particularly
sensational incident to demonstrate to the American people the ur-
gency of a federal antilynching bill. The burning and mutilation of an
illiterate black farm hand, graphically documented by Fred Gilder-
sleeve’s camera, packed the necessary emotional punch to dramatize
the exigency of federal action. In addition, the fact that this incident
occurred in a city reputed to be an enlightened, respectable, middle-
class community supplied the NAACP further evidence of the breadth
of a lynching mentality in the United States. And yet, despite the
seemingly advantageous timing of the “Waco horror,” the campaign
fell victim to the inopportune entrance of the nation into the First
World War, thereby forcing the NAACP to postpone its federal anti-
lynching crusade until 1919.
“What's goin’ to happen to th’ naygur?” Hennessy asked Mr. Dooley
in a conversation over the “Negro problem” in the United States.
“Well,” said Dooley, “he'll ayther have to go to th’ north an’ be a sub-
jick race, or stay in th’ south an’ be an objick lesson.”* While the
NAACP had hoped to exploit the “Waco horror” to further its anti-
lynching program, Jesse Washington's death unfortunately became
but another “objick lesson” reminding blacks of the dire consequences
awaiting those who stepped outside their “place” in American society.
37Freeman, “The Waco Lynching,” 13. After several days of talking to local citizens
about the lynching, Elizabeth Freeman had acquired the names of six men who repre-
sented “the disreputable bunch of Waco” and who had participated in the mob’s activi-
Hes. Ibid., 19. The pattern adopted by local officials in the United States of refusing to
seek prosecution of known mob participants is noted in Arthur F, Raper, The Tragedy of
Lynching (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1932), 2, 13-17, and Zangrando, The NAACP Crusade
Against Lynching, 4, 8.
38Finley Peter Dunne, “The Negro Problem,” Mr. Dooley's Philosophy (New York,
1906), 217,
Waco City Hall, about igio. Courtesy of the Texas
Collection, Baylor University,
heen saved. DL TAAL the contrast for
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SHIPBUILDING —ssit"ss
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PLANT PLANNED sits prose st ave rising
IN ALAMED
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Twelve Acres on the North
Water Front7°
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Henry Peterson, who recently dis-
posed of his launch Interests, ts th
flan made known today when the! 3
mater of twelve acres, known asi &
thie StaWfore University tray
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into one case
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25% reduction in F
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a Neath br Mishe seo y £730
of the charac
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being 1% less than ordinary fares,
PUNTA GORDA :
On a eae alee Frvom Similar reductions to other Eastern The possi
milies from here, points be exhaustec
a te death. Te hud
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themselves.
We have
will pay you
Dates to start—
; eee ee une 12-16-17-26-27-30,
fron jaltiodey bp @ mou iad hated : July 1-2-16-17-24-25.31.
. Others in August and September,
Wife Says Expert Retum limit three months.
Skater Has Affinity
Stopovers permitted enroute.
Fred if Chinn, at one thie jatler
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under former sherlt }
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voting hia Ume to other woinen, ina
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Mrs. Olga Classen, Mrs, Classen doi
not name her husband's alte
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Call, phone or write
Jas. B. Duffy, Gen’l Agt.
601 Market St. san Francinco—Phone Sutter 7608
Market Street Ferry--Phone Kearny 4980
F,. L. Hanna, Gen’l Agt.
1218 Broadway, Oukland—Phone Lakeside 435
Sutter St. Ne
Stores alao
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Me
0) By MBS, CLYDE GEAR BEAT
Photos Courtesy Author
_ SAVAGE DAYS
IN SPRINGTOWN
‘An Isolated settlement lived in fear of a single family—~
one who rede by day and killed by day and whese women
were more vicious than their men!
L ESCENDANTS of settlers who lived
in Wise, Jack, Montague and Parker
Counties in exas’m the 1870s and 1880s
have long kept a dreadful secret. From
the time it happened wearly a hundred
‘Bag ago xp to this day, the affair has
een hush, hush. :
{. J, Tarkington was my foster father
and blood unele. He, and his wife, Bettie,
raised me at Springtown. Unele Tom was
an honorable 'citizen and the junior part+
ney of the Donathan, Culton and Tarking-
ton General Merchandise Store located
there. He was also one of the’ many jn-
nocent victims caught in the ,vortex of
murders, call-out gun battle, vigilante
hangin 8 and, out and out mob frenzy,
which for two years held Springtown in
mortal terror,
This was twelve years before my time,
But having always been intrigued by
the stories Uncle Tom told me, I knew,
even as a child, this was history In the
yaw. There was never a legal account
of this bloody episode—not even news-
paper coverage at the time. Or if so, the
records were lost when the Parker County
courthouse burned in 1886, IT suppose I am
more familiar with the details than any-
one else living today. :
A year or so before Unele Tom “went
West” in 1912, T took notes, dates, names.
and all the data he could remember, Then
in 1919, nearly fifty years after all of
this happened (1872), it was legally re-
corded, G. W. Tacket and A. L. Thomas
gave the nameg of the family of ten, eight
of whom died violently, and made mention
of the murder of gohnny Lard,
Springtown in the 1870s was a quiet
farming community on. the frontier, It
boasted of three saloons, but neither the
town nor the saloons ran true to form, as
Western towns go. No dance halls, no
X
girls, maybe now and then a “friendly”
fist-fight or sometimes a “native”? mak-
. ing a dude dance to the tune of his
six-gung, The men were always ready to
match a badger fiaht—the only trouble
being there was seldom a stranger gulli-
ble enough to fool. -
The land was fertile and productive—
wooded rolling hills in the heart of the
State where the climate varied just
enough to be appreciated, There was oat
one thing I remember especially whicl
wasn’t nicegrass burs. I’d "gamble
there are more grass burs to the square
inch, even today, than anywhere else in
the whole wide world, ‘The zich, sandy
soil produced everything else as abun-
dantly. And water! All one need do was
to scratch out a hole a few feet deep
and there was pure, sparkling, arteslan
water often spraying as high as a man’s
head, I reeall twenty-five flowing wells.
This is what the war-weary people from
Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia and Ton-
nesseo found when they went in search
of a new land in which to begin life all
over again. They were God-fearing farm-
ing people, all Protestants, and so pious
some felt it a sin to grease one’s surrey
on a Sunday morning (as my own father,
Jefferson Gear, learned when he was
called on the church carpet for commit-
ting such blasphemy on the Sabbath).
"THEN a new family moved into town,
and somehow the serenity of the
village became all muddled up. The new
poop le were as foreign to the people they
ad chosen to live auong as if they had
come from Timbuktu. Allen C. Hill, the
father; ‘Dusky, the mother; two sons,
Jack and Allen ©., Jv.; six daughters,
Nancy, Martha, Katherine, Adeline, Eliza
and Bell all camped for a couple of weeks
Children of the God-fearing community of Springtown, Toxas, pose for the town
photographer in this faded 1871 pletura.
|. Tarkington
down by the bridge before buying the
place adjoining the Matlock farm and the
Jim Dunn place a couple of miles south-
west of Springtown and across the creek,
Dirty little stories began circulating
about the Hills, such as, where was the
papa, of the baby Nancy was soon to
ear? The better citizens ignored this;
as it was none of their business, and trie
earnestly to make friendly advances to-
ward the family, only to be ignored ox
out-and-out insulted, Old man Hill espe
clally was antisocial and cantankerous,
Jim Dunn-—~as was his nature—could
not credit anyone with ‘being all bad, and
agked his wife to bake an extra “spider”
of sourdough biscuits, He wanted to take
these and a pound of fresh butter over
to the Hills, Sophia, Jim’s wife, wasn’t
for it, but Jim argued it was as little as
one could do for a new neighbor.
Uncle Tom said this was the story
Jim told the townfolks the next morning
when he opened up his blacksmith shop.
Jim said he rode up to the Hills’ front
door and hollered, “Hello, Anybody
ome
Old Allen C, came to the door and
without. even looking at Jim asked,
“Whadda ya want, reb?”
Jim handed him the biscuits saying,
ane wife baked some hot bread for you
a
Hill snatched the spider from Jim’s
hand, jerked off the lid and spit it full of
raw tobacco juice, slung the bread over
the ground, kicked it contemptuously and
walked back Into the house,
Dusky came yunniig out on the porch
with ateakettle of boiling water, shout-
ing, “Let me seald the damn b—d, Pal
Let me scald him!”
Everybody in town gathered at the
blacksmith shop to hear the story first-
hand and to give Jim some good-natured
kidding, Knowing Jim Dumn to be a truth.
ful man, the citizens gave Allen C, and
his qlan a wide berth. No more neighbor-
ly ‘gestures or attempts at fraternizing
were made—except Barl Davis did in-
vite Martha to go to the church box-
supper. There was no answer to his note
from Martha, but Allen C, went looking
for young Davis, threatening to kill any
townfolk who made advances to his girls.
Spr town was so remote from. the
world, its only outside contact was a mail
hack to Weatherford. Naturally a stran-
gex, where there were so few people,
created some curiosity, It soon became”,
evident that the Hills were harboring
undesirables, The new men who appeare
on. the streets were hard lookers and
tough hombres. A couple of horse thieves,
whom some citizens recognized as boing
wanted by the law, were brazen and de-
fiant so long as the Hills gave them not
Old West
‘only board, room “and horse ‘feed, but de-
fied anyone in town to do anything about
it, Springtown had “no lawmen. .
The “star boarders” included Sam Bass,
who was Naney’s lover,’ and: Henry
Chalk. They were “important”-—each had
a bounty on his head. And the more of
this element Allen Hill gathered around
bin, the bolder he became with his in-
sults, oe ie =
NE MORNING, cantankerous, mean
and a little drunk, the elder Hill
slouched into the Star Saloon, fairly
bristling with defiance, The':Star. was
across the street from Donathan, Culton
and Tarkington’s stove. Business was
slack that time of morning, Bob Peterson,
who was carrying the raw stump of the
leg he had left at Vicksburg, was en-
Joying a beer and chewing the fat, with
the barkeeper,
Unele Tom didn’t remember the latter's
name, but here’s what happened inside.
the saloon, according to what the bar-
keeper told the people. Hill edged up real
close to Bob. Bob, sensing Hill was hos-
tile, moved down the bar. Hill followed,
knocking Bob's beer out of his hand,
Bob said, “Stop it, old man, ‘The only
way I can fight you is with my fon, if
that is what you are looking for,”
Hill kicked Bob’s erutch clatterinj
across the floor, saying, “Well, just lool
if we ain’t gota one-legged hero right
here! Come outside, you damned coward!”
Hill, taking his stand in the middle of
the sandy road, motioned for Bob to do
likewise, Bob turned awa; saying, “Old
man, I’m not going to kill you,’
What Hill didn’t know was that Bob
wore the fastest gun west of Fort Worth.
Hill’s being ignoved didn’t holy his hos-
tility, He shot Bob in the left back
shoulder, Straight from the hh Bob put
three bullets in Hill's heart, Uncle 'Tom
sald the wound could have heen covered
with a poker chip,
Some weeks preyious—and probably
the direct cause of Hill’s hostility—men
had begun complaining that they couldn't
keep their wives in stove wood. Ben
Morvel laughed and said, “I’ve got some
firecrackers. I'l bet T can’ find who
is stealing that wood”. -
A few mornings later, the Hills’ cook-
stove blew sky high,
Allen C,’s death left Jack head of the
clan, He buckled on a six-gun and de-
fied God and man, It didn’t take long—
he was killed in a call-out gun fight by
a Mr, Aaron Bloomer ‘in| Palo Pinto
County, Springtown merchants were
robbed, sacked, burned out ‘and pistol
whipped for two years. And not only
Spelpatown was victimized by this gang
of thugs but Jack, Wise and Montague
Counties were often visited.
Then Springtown became exeited about
a happier event, The local doctor and
his wife had sent out invitations an-
nouncing the coming marriage of their
twin daughters to the McQuade brothers,
‘This was to be a double ceremony in the
new church. Every man in the community
had given of his time and a-few dollars
and Springtown actually had a church, It
was non-denominational—just an edifice
wherein all could worship.
There was a bell—not a big bell with a
silver tone—-but a very special bell and
doubly appreciated because Jim Dunn had
forged it with his own two powerful
hands and what meager tools he had,
There was a steeple in which to hang
this bell of many misstons—foy the dea
it tolled slowly, for New - Year's live,
Christmas and Raster its tones:ware iad
notes which plainly said, “Good: will to-
Winter, 1966
ward men.” In case of fire ov disaster
its clanging alerted the village,’ But the
best of all was when the bell in the
steeple told the people, “Come to the wed-
ding, come to the wedding,”
‘ost everyone {n town helped in one
way or another to decorate the church,
Childven came with armfuls of pale
purple and white iris and purple ‘and
white lilac.
Aunt Bettle helped sew dresses for the
trousseau. The wedding dress for each
sister was white brocade, made with a
tight basque, whale-boned in every seam
» to accentuate the bride's nineteen-inch
waist, with long tight sleeves and a low |
8
square neck, The skirt was draped over
a flounce of lace with tiers of bustles,
The “second-day dress” was moss green
velvet trimmed with eae buttons and
braid, Aunt Bettie said Springtown peo-
le were hungry for a little glamour and
‘ormality. It was to be a lift in morale
for all of them,
One bride and her mald of honor, the
flower girl and the xing bearer marched
down one side and the other bride and a“
tendants down the other, But there was
no wedding,
Pandemonium broke loose as the Hill
gang took over, some twenty strong, rac-
ing thely horses around and around the
church and shooting out windows and
screaming like banshees. No one was
killed but one of the bridegrooms did
panic and never came back,
Nancy was the chief’ offender. She
and Old Dusky and the other five sisters
were a blight on the face of Texas, What
became of Nancy’s baby? Uncle Tom
gaid Anyone’ guess was as gcod as ané
other, No one ever saw it,
‘HE FOLLOWING story came from
' Jacksboro, Nancy, coming home late
one night, thought she had caught her
lover, Sam Bass, “bundling” with sister
Martha, The lover made his escape with
Nancy close on his tail. She got him in
shooting range on the outskirts of Jacks+
boro and in: the uncertain light of dawn,
shot him in the back, Some surmised that
the bounty on Sam Bass’ head, dead ov
alive, had ‘mora to do with Nancy’s shoot-
ing him than a “broken heart.”
Anyway, the “lover boy wasn’t Bass at
all, but a soldier from Fort Richardson;
Nancy was immediately caught ahd sen-
tenced to hang. She was not brought to
justice by any Jack County or Parker
County Jaw, but was tried ‘by the Fort
Richardson tribunal. The story goes that
as she was being led from the court-
room she swaggered up to the bench and
said, “Ah shucks, Judge, there ain’t no use
in all this monkey business. I can break
out of this old jail with a corset stay!”
Springtown. knew Nancy had returned
home, but hoped that with a noose vir~
fually around her neck, it would sober
her down a little. Not so,
When the people heard horses across
the bridge,’ terror gripped the town. Tt
was a finable offense (payable. to
whom?) to trot a horse across the new
bridge. The Hills were coming and God
pity the people. Some of the merchants
locked up shop and: went home. Unele
Wadworth Brothors store, Springtown, at about the time of the tragle incldents related
in this story, Donathan, Gulton and Tarkington, merchants, wore located on the corner
of the block, several siructuros removed from the post office shown at loft.
ss
o
r
r
|
|
: : on hs
‘Yom had told-eyeryone.he did not intend
being robbed again.and that’ he was
dirmed “to kill” He never regularly car-
vied a gun as most men of the time did,
put that day he placed the deadliest gun
he could find on the front counter—~
ready and waiting,
Mi, Brazell’s saloon became thé seat
of operations, All six Hill sisters came in,
each wearing a gun, and accompanied by
a gang of renegades., They gave Mx.
Brazell a twenty-dollar gold ‘piece, tied
his hands and feet, and placed him in
the middle of his. billiard table, while
they roughhoused’ and took. the saloon
apart. As the day wore on, the gang be-
came drunker, and more frequent gunfire
came from the place. With each new blast,
people’s nerves stretched a little tighter.
Be was as though they were sitting oha
use,
In the afternoon one of the young
toughs named Porter, who was raise
in the eommunity.and whom Uncle Tom
knew, staggered into his store demanding
a pair of boots, Uncle Tom, expecting
a battle, told Porter he could have the
boots when he could pay for them. Porter,
being alone and a coward and seeing the
un on the counter ready. for action,
acked out of the store cursing Unele
‘Tom and saying, “I'll be back!”
Latex, when the orgy.broke up, ‘the
whole lot of them rode around and around
the square screaming. and. shooting off
their guns and then. back across. the
bridge to their - bastion—except.. for
Naney, Porter and. a man whose name
i do not know,. (Uncle Tom said he had
no knowledge of who he was,) They rode
north and clear around in front of Dona-
than, Culton and Tarkington’s store,
Johnnie Lard, a fine young, man, who
worked in the store, and Uncle ‘Tom
were putting the merchandise idispla etl
on the boardwalk back inside preparing
to close for the night, Nancy and her
two consorts all but rode thelr horses
up onto the gallery, took dead alm and
emptied their guns at anything moving,
Unele Tom jumped behind a cotton bale,
but Johnnie Lard was shot down, Every
man on the square was a witness, No
one knew just whose bullet found its
mark, but ‘this was .the end of sub-
missive patience with the Hills,
In less than an hour every citizen in
town who owned a gun and a horse was
mounted and ready to follow the dust
cloud that was plainly defining the course
of the killers. * .
Uncle Tom was chosen captain of the
vigilantes, About: noon of the next day,
and following a zigzag trail, the fugitives
were run down in the dry bed of Denton
Greek Just Inside Montague County. ‘This
is where Unele Tom told me Nancy was
hanged and this was verified by Judge
B. B. Hood in a letter to me In’ 1936.
Judge Hood lived at Weatherford but was
raised at Springtown and when just a lad
saw this whole sordid affair,
". On. the bank. of Denton Greek was a
huge elm which afforded a gallows for
Nancy, Her horse.was driven under the
highest limb, Porter and the unknown
outlaw were shot crouching on either
side of her horse, All of the condemned
were asked if they had a last word, prayer
or request to make before they died. The
stranger had none, Porter asked that
someone sing There’s a Light i the
‘alley,
‘The vigilantes felt no coiripassion, they
knew it was only a bid for time-—time
for the Hills to save them. Yet Uncle
‘Tom insisted a doomed man had a right
to his dying request. What to do about
it? One of tha committee said, “We
poszed a country schoolhouse not far
ack. Maybe the professor will oblige.”
The teacher demurred but said his
pupils Mollie Doran, had a sweet voice.
ittle Mollie, about ten, sang the re-
juested hymn for Porter. As young as
she was, she sensed tragedy and clasped
her hands, closed her eyes and somewhat.
altered the. only prayer she knew, “Now
T lay you down to sleep and if you should
die before you wake, I pray the Lord your
soul to take.”
This incident was confirmed by_ little
Mollie who grew up to become Mollie
Doran Beaty, mother of my husband,
Tneldentally, Mollie's father, ctor Doran,
had the professor fired for involving his
young pupil in anything so ghoulish.
After Mollie was carried back to school,
Uncle Tom asked Nancy if she had a
last word to say.
“Take my boots off.” yiq
“Well, Nancy, iis good to know there's
that much decency left in Pa
“Decency ain’t got nothin’ to do with
jt—my Ma always said Pd die with my
Boats on. I want to make a Har out of
er
see LARD was not killed out-
right, It took three a, joniaing scream
ing weeks for Johnnie to dle. With
that, and the fiddling and stomping
-of booted fect to the tune of the hoedown
at the Hills’, there was no sleep for the
citizens of Springtown.
Men walked the’ streets in the night,
nieeting in small groups trying to fathom
what they knew they had to face, The
hanging of Nancy had brought defiance
and threats of burning the town from
the Hills.
For a year Springtown had hoped the
rumors of a stagecoach line from Fort
Worth to Jacksboro would materialize, If
80, Springtown was to be a way station,
which would necessitate big feed barns
and teams of stagecoach horses, Passen-
gers, if any, were to eat dinner (noon)
at Aunt Mandy Hodges’ boarding house.
And, most important of all, the commu-
nity would not be so isolated, so cut off
from help from the outside world,
When plans were finally completed and
the schedule of the first coach was an-
J. Tarkington's Springtown business stationory
3, W. DONATHAN.
' Sa.
CEO
0. 0.cULTON,
DONATHAN, OULTON & TARKINGTON,
‘ce DBALERS I
AL OPA, EUROS JN CONDTAL MORON DIESE,
TJ. PARKINGTON,
Biya
Ghingtowm, Tors, heceg.
nounced, weeks in advance, Springtown"
had planned a gala celebration for the
occasion. This was the biggest thing that
had ever happened.
But when the long awaited day dawned,
there was a restless wind and People
were afraid, Johnnie Lard had just died
and no one was sure he would be the last.
The road was on the other side of the
evesk and made a sharp curve around
the cemetery, Some did go down to the
bridge to welcome the new coach, They
had been watching the cloud of dust a
long while and here it was just out of
sight around the bend in the road.
Then came loud voices and volleys of
gunfire, The people thought at first some
of the boys were escorting the stage into
town, but no coach appeared. Racing hoof-
beats were heard solng south. This, to
the people on the bridge, was a story
without words, The Hills had murdered
again.
A posse was quididy formed and over-
took and hanged Martha and Katherine
at what. is still known as Hangman’s
Hollow. What became of the three men
with them, I don’t know,
Many times T've gathered black wal-
nuts in_ the give where the women
were hanged. This was the nicest pienic
place around, but I was always a little
uneasy. If anyone had said “Boo,” I
would have stampeded Hike a branded
calf,
ypu ORGANIZED citizens-vigilantes
became an out-and-out mob after the
murder,of the stagecoach driver and his
shotgun rider, The killings’ horrible after-
math ig not only ag Unele Tom told it,
but Mrs. Walter Coleman, a long-time
resident of Springtown, verlfled the fact
in a letter to me in 1965, She remembered
her father’s account of what happene
at the cemetery turn of the road,
This was it, The Hill place was burned.
Old Dusky, Adeline and Eliza were run
down near Agnes, a small village west
of Springtown, and all three were shot.
Two young children in the family were
eared for by the Souagtown people and
eventually by Parker County. .
Weeks after the hysteria subsided, an
ex-Ranger came to Nek up the dangling
‘bones of Martha, Katherine, Dusky, Ade-
line and Eliza, and in a dry-goods box
buried the remains in the Springtown
cemetery, What happened to Nancy, I
don’t know.
The following is a quote from A Tale
of Two Schools by John Nix, who also
lived in Springtown. “While we cannot
and do not condone mob violence in any
way—nothing legal was ever done about
those acts, There is ale evidence trom
many sources that Allen Hill and his
family harbored horse thieves, criminals,
disreputable characters of many kinds,
connived with and protected them, housed
and fed them, There is no doubt that they
rode into Springtown and shot Johnny
Lard. At these continued and repeated
acts, the citizens became angered, Their
patience with the law was exhausted and
the people lost thelr tempers and their
better judgment and took the matter into
their own hands, It was a most horrible
and reprehensible thing to do, to be sure,
but one thing is absolutely sure, if was
committed by men with no criminal ree-
ord—just plain every-day eftizens, It was
the better elemont of the community,
many of whom were and haye always
been considered our finest citizens, Not
one -of them did this act because they’
wanted to do ft, but rather in the absance
of enforceable faw they had. to do it,”
Old West
y
nov rable
"Anertilo £4£by years agot Sas, Lowag tn a
sobdy Silty yeare G06 oj
eon Dineen County,
et ee
orn
bo eeo
oefove the Chvhl Gary, art Cully os KOC IS
ahah
Segot by ue 34 Aacareall for who Lorsbe
Chat 2" chaigh todngs ere no
pete that:
We LAO Oui ae ae
brs, :
Cine
her “orld War wall dnuncneds andl
go to the cege on a bohesled, unless the
voburnad to Rowor, Cen Jaen Fy
bo make Lhe 2b
wa .
ei re |
BIGHTY YLUARS
ILL. OF LON
(By Cade ive tarper)
ped arive 1500 aetale
‘aw bexico Lox siipmant ovax
“cat move about thet Interewthora ty DeBK A Lo
over thG baluloe aince thone
a
we %
Ha, LA eaten
be oie oy V4
the ole re
5O9e, Os
tredoe ye
PUTtmb eda 8
whey nod u
Se ekta te bi ¢ oryar the (ce
ties asya, whe
arkve th
horaws, uy
‘bed SGM CN Sars
208 ABLOGDs
na Bey
WaT ahs
bo be &
egy Pei
[Tex s]
Benjamin Fy aay was born to Mre and re, John Pe |
Harper, near Rosse, ziypetone County Texaa, in 1858. v
Besides Ben there waa Jim, an elder brother, & slater,
gante, and Gharlée, both younger) ali now deceased excapt
OF y
Ben saya that he oan Just barely rexewber when bis
father joined the Confederate aruy in 166i. Ube road or
trail, from Houston to Dalles yan within a« qQuarterantiie of
thedy house and at thie point ¢$ ad & large earthern
tank where evaryone oo to water and camp. It wag
os of soldiers were organineds
One of Calvary and one of Infantry, Br. Harper's father
joined the Infantry, Ye saw accion eb Galveation islang
and wae atattoned ati Indianola for a brief pertod., Ben
can't figure out yet why he Joined the infantry in stead
of the onleary,
One thing thet Ben Harper door Glatinetly romexbex
Was & hanging thab took place on their ranch duying the
OlvAl wars bat we'll let him tell about thats
wl Stecharged Gontederate soldier came along the
trail end asked Sager Diek", the handy«man slave about
the houge, af he could mpend the night? There waan't
spyene elne at home and Viek told him, “Ne, they dddn't
take in strangers.” Ula figured diaaharged soldier
would have money, eo after the Hevel left the Mager
procured an axe, caught up © male ani followed. “0 over
Sook the man at the 6dge of the timber on Duck Crock, aw
bout three Plle8 from the house, Hera he Slipped ep from
behind and aurdeped hing and after vobbing the body
Srug 16 off inte the brush about 200 Forde
Heat morn Matt Ferguoon and hie bey earco long on
theie wey bo the Fost Offfe@ at Old Uheh, a mile anowe ovr
housed, and told Gat that, "Lt looked Uke someon hed
kRlled @ hog and deug him off down at the erent,” Sines
tsore hadn't been any hog klilin' they deeided to Enver ih cote
ert found tha body. Men wave left to guard the toncka a
ik of the negroes roundeds Nigger Liek sonvieted mtueal?
ing to slip hie feep around while they were 6a! 4
xvod to the tract#e Ae tried Sadadapa or a he
Sround-hitchad nearby, but Uncle Frank Surna sto
La the showldar a
® bold them thet the money was hidden dn a fe
Be A BOORG Wad pada das ar
§ Yoodwacd and Sanakord took
y were kushda t dot
Oped hi
aPwbeb &b
“Rw had covered about forty niles when he waa atopped and
turned back by aome goldlers, who thought him Just another
run away riggey» But he eacaped from them snd retwened
to the home place in the middle of the nicht.» Hla zhxx
aleter came in and woke Grandaady Harper and told him thet
iAck was there. Grandad got bia rifle and wont artew bine
i was awake and of course trailed elonge
“<G was noticenble that the ether hegropa wade sc
effort to shiela or help Nigger Lidk during hie trouble.
uick sald, "He wae doneg that we ahould do onything with
him we wanted,! Se the next Sovntne they meade a pine box
tar bim, placed Lt in o wagon, and Dick rede on Lt to tbe
treo, under which he had idlied the soldier, and to which
they hung hime
The Harper's place was mora of what would todey be
termed a atock farm, They owned 1Z0u acras and run about
800 or ‘700 cattle and had around 160 horses. Everybody
used whet they called ¢he eommone, ov state lend for arasing
‘4 wae in the omy before barbedewlra ana a man considerad
himgeol’ pouting along if he had a amall norae pasture
fenced wth aplit yells and logs.
411 supplies had to fred,bted from Loustun, ebout 1o0
whiew, 4 yalirvead bud been budls from Gouston to MiiLikem,
20 wiles closer, bub during and vipht alter uhe wor 1° wae
uot oparated a
lv. Harper saya “After the war ve freed between
40 end 50 slaves but only two or three of them lefts For
those that remained waa built new cabina, Lurniehed thar
with toale, stoek and land for faruing., They wars broatad
Jost like any ether renter. We farmed about 200 vcros
oxet were vse althgether for this werk. You eaokd » law
cUtity Wid, Pyd, berLley, Cotton and soma Wheat ta tir
COPY
"How did wo gather and thregh tha wneat? Celi, that
WOE BBY» wheat wae ous and tlad ante bundles by hard
1 40 Sheesh Li we cleaved off @ apace o2 bard ;
‘eet in Meaneter, fenced it with Logs a
% Gone enough bandles of the pretin to
he tuyngd dm a bunch of hargee anc &
unthh the grain had been tr
ian we tupnge the horses ous,
Lept repeating thig with the eraia
tede Ye hed & hand made, woad
mo bhe .waho, Girt and ehet?
Mbdnuonwly unthi, with &
and dSph on
BA Oe
retreat, but soon discovered
the comparatively small num-
ber of whites and coneluded
to take the offensive. The first
shots were fired by the Indi-
ans. The hunters did not ap-
pear to realize the fact that
the Indians numbered fully
twice their strength, were
equally as well armed and in
good fighting condition, They
only knew that the time to
fulfill their vows of vengeance
was at hand. The days of wea-
ry pursuit and gnawing hun-
ger were forgotten, Desperate
hate lent strength to steady
the aim of the well-tried buf-
falo guns in their emaciated
hands. Each hunter felt him-
self to be a fell destroyer,
Some of them were severely
wounded, but they laughed at
the pain, and their aim was
more deadly than before. The
Indians soon began to realize
that their boldest braves were
being shot down, ‘and their
enemies becoming more blood-
thirsty at every volley, they
therefore retreated to a more
sheltered locality. The hunt-
ers followed, and all day long
the firing was kept up. Every
time a brave exposed his per-
son to get a shot at the hunt-
ers that same daring brave
would start his trip to the
happy hunting grounds of his
forefathers. When the shades
of evening draped the scene
of carnage in mourning, the
Apaches gathered up their
dead and wounded and silent-
‘Crexs]
Podge City Times
ly stole away, leaving gore
enough to fully quench the
hunters’ thirst for reverse.
The number of killed and
wounded Indians could net !»
ascertained. Only a few huni.
ers were wounded and non:
killed.
Mr. Polley receive a letter
this week from his driver, «ho
is with Nichols and Cu!lort-
son’s train. dated at the Huu
ble Mountains, which give: an
account of an attack on the
train by Indians about fifty
miles from Double Mountains.
The freighters fought them
about an hour, when the In-
dians captured a pony and
retreated, They followed the
train the next three days at a
respectful distance, but failed
to get any more stock
letter also stated that Intisi-
are very thick around ther,
that they had taken all the
hunters’ property. It was writ-
ten on the 9th inst.
Goodfellow Hung
The Sheriff from Henrietta
Texas, came to Fort Ellior
after Goodfellow, for the p.>
pose of lodging him in jail :
await his trial for the muriicr
of Bottoms. He took an
of soldiers and started |
with the prisoner on the 1 i+
inst. The party camped a
night about four miles dows
the creek from Sweetwater
City. At an unguarded mo.
May 1877
ment about 9 o’clock, a band
of armed men rushed into
their camp and demanded the
prisoner. The demand was
promptly complied with, They
then disarmed the sheriff and
military guard, placed a
guard from their own band
over the arms and took the
prisoner out of camp. After
conversing with him nearly
half an hour, they hung Good-
fellow to a tree till he was
dead and lifeless, The body
was taken back to Fort Elliott
for burial.
A hingter by ¢ name of
Lumpkins was killed at Dou-
ble Mountains on the 6th inst.
by another hunter,
Rumored Capture of
Double Mountains:
We received a letter last
evening from Sweetwater
[City], Texas, written by
Theo. H. Baughman, which
states that it was Joseph
Lawrence, a Bohemian, who
Was run over by Webb’s train,
He is recovering. Mr. Baugh-
man says a rumor prevails
at Sweetwater that Double
Mountains has been captured
by the Indians; that they have
undoubtedly captured all the
stock at the latter village, and
that hunters are killed almost
daily,
JUNE 2, 1877
Double Mountains Attacked But Not Captured
Nick Ross, one of the sixty
fight referred to last week, cal
hunters engaged in the Indian
led the other day and gave us
some items in reference to Indian troubles about Double
Mountains.
When the hunters returned to Reynolds City after the fight,
the Indians followed after, taking the horses and mules, from
the various camps along the route, killing the owners when
convenier
Bickerdyke and Bill Benson lost eight head of stock
from their camp forty miles northwest from Reynolds City.
The Indians also attacked (:
miles west ow the Brazeg [Bra
the calf of the log. destroy ec
of ammuition ami run off «
On the niv's - the 5th
8 raid upon Reeds OF
tured twenty-fi
ing near by,
“ead of sivs
lenn and two Englishmen sixty
os River], shot Glenn through
oir wagons, took 2000 rounds
a head of stock,
Anout sixty-five Intians made
he Double Mountain:
which Frank Foster wag herd-
and eap-
Toggery from makers that know how
Choice outfitting in all the best styles
Wood Bros @ Co.
“Where the Best Clothes Come From.”
422 Austin St, Sign of the Lion
i
The Center
of Texas
WAC
Hotel
Metropole
The Center of Waco
THE HOTEL THAT MADE,
WACO FAMLES,
tral
«Xmas...
| Holiday Rates
TO POINTS IN LOUISIANA |
AND TEXAS,
Dates of sale Dee. 22 to 96 and
A031: alse Jun. 1, 1910,
Raton 6286 te $950 per day
Bren totny the heat Cnder new
manugement.
BOOTIT & WENDLAND,
Limited
coon Te bry urn Jan. 5,
Ta the Thinking Man |r ores rwraone soa
yaad full parti ulars,
You'll soa realize, if you don't or phous
already, Wat the clues are ha) T. J. SHIELDS,
portant. ! tidy a
28. 4th s
ail on, write
‘The man wlose attire iudivates Phones 21%,
good taste Las business and sovial |
adyanlay are denied ba
rebst brother, {
“sare original and dis
faring oxehasive, and the
1 service is insured by re-
Hinkle materigis wad the expert
tailuriag you peeve if you leave
your order with
MIKE ADAM, THE TAILOR.
121 8. 4th Bt.
m «WOOD WOOD Wood
= .W.H. Moseley & Co,
Wholeste amt Retail Dewters
Cord Wood,
d
Jeweler and Optician
SOU Austin Strwet,
WATCHES, JEWELRY AND
OPTICAL GOODS,
i OMY prices cannot be be
peverything exacts
Engraving an
abet
Our speciutty ne
BIL Pane ale ties 8
We arty tie 1g MBER OF vase
Waco
‘Omer aud yard on atary street, bee
tween Tenth ai
a
Npectalty,
ad Satlefaction
. uarantect.
Your patronage solicited.
Mahet geabe
i Repaietn
Been That Proe
Teguiar annual meeting of|
seo inolders of the Waco Publishing
inpany will be held at the utice of
[the sumpany on Monday, Januney Vo,
Yor sate,
Good heavy var corn, delivered In
11510, tr elertiun of directors toe em
wane, jae Aus aete 40 ihe city. iyulag yeer, at oriuck ee
EAULT-CLEMENT URALN Co. a, dh KIRKSEY, President,
= —— C.F GLOVER, Secretary.
“Gee whiz” but the Herrick Hard:
» Ware Company ia 4 busy plare,
Deat forget Perey Willis whe
you want a leather traveling bag
.|Ho in in the leather business on th
square
Don't forget the City Lursher Co,
scceaor Wy Armstrong Lumber Co,
The Holidays
‘Will soon be hore, and-what is more suitable for a
Christmas present than a nico Phaston, Carriage
or Runabout for your family? We'have them in
“all of the latest styles: Comte in and make your
selections today, and we will deliver them at yonr
home whenever yon desire. Wo are making special
‘.-, dow, prices on all Vebicles in stock anti January
3) 4
| ani
25 and 60 to Box.-
The nerviccs and Chri : ——- q
at tie Dalian Sereet Chrutian quures ff Bell's Delicious Forkdipt
wi He on Friday, Christmas are, Chocolates
; tae th %
ighé na ainouncel yhaterday" "(ff Tn 4, 2,3, 4 and 6:1b, Boxes.
tore
a ee
Hin wore In the vty yeaa
Mina Mildred Watkins of Gator
ville was hery yesterday for a while.
Mra. M. 7. Donglaw of Whitney In
viniting Dr. ‘and) Mrs, Te R, Bald |
wha,
wt
day.
AMBOLD
Sporting Goods’ Co,
NAT AGAIN OPEN
Charles Zipper of Denison, former
ly of thla section, ia visiting ‘relatives
tere,
ian Minnie Walker of Crawford
was among tho Christman uboppers
here yesterday,
Rey, Abe Mulkey of Corsicana wa
4 pleasant caller at the Timos-Herald
‘office yesterday,
Miss Mabel Shannon of Minneap-
ollg, Min,, 1x vielting Mise Edna. Bw-
ing ‘on North Tweitth atroet.
James C, Wallace Is here from
his ranch near El Paso, and wil
spend the holidays visiting relatives
Minses Willie Lee and Irma Se:
creat will havo a their holiday guest
thelr cousin, Misa Nuttio Lew of Mc-
Gregor,
Mr. and Mrs, J. Wy Sanders wit
arrive tomorrow to spend the holt
days with Mra, Sanders’ parents, Mr
aud Mra, 5. W. Brightwell,
I Operation at Karly Date.
well Norvice,
All repairs to the
Onished, according — to
Halph Potts, and this well
t have been
the public.
la working splendidly, government
standard boiters, of. the Intost pattern,
having been Installe:
TO THE PUBLIC
Hotel and Cafe Equipment Wil Be
Poolmastar
: knowo
bathing emporium is 'aKuin open to
‘The steam heating plan
Fatrons will probably be able to
R. C, 1
limited to.
Room 21 P
Rifles, at
cheap at J.
square,
We have
ents this y
them. Trun
Flowers |
holiday - gi
automobile.
‘Tee north
©. ©. Kdwarde has returned trom |unjoy Turkish, vapor, shower soedie
San’ Saba, where be apent aevara land tub batha the Intec pace OF ae
days, and reports that the pecur | week, an the necessary oquipooat ine
‘op’ of that section ts'n great hel | Dern "plced ie penton tt Maa es | onenen
Lbs season. sible the enjoyment of thore uta! oyteopinic +
Hex, Provident 8
At the Metropole. All danger of any one taking cold | Omee nny
(The hotel. that made Waco famous.) | after a dip in she he pool hae bees ”
oA aver, eliminated by Mr. Potts. Fomale at-| piowers
uarrere Terps i tendants aro engaged to walt on the| nolidey els
[Rdwards, Tyler; Wi. Bizz, indies, wlio male attendants took |wensthy Se
lusota; T. L. Love, Memphis; B. After the gentlemen, and aw theso are | mosis
[Coltins, tullas; Cape. P. AL O'Coo-|well trained ia thelr respective post
or, Carrick-on-Sulr, Ireland: C. R |Uons, they take such precautions ne For frat ¢
Wamnatf, Dallas; Joho P. iaet, bal- [amply protect ail perwouwatter & bath | ah atte
las; G, W. Foote, Dallagy J. Hl. Wile [at the Nat a snables them to avold| tanitary piu
lamvon, Dallaa: J. A. Nunuelly, For |any unpleasant after effec Claes plume
Werthy ie ate hirer, Seek | Work on the mone) eis, am fiat butt
Turalow," Hubbard: “M. l. Graves, cluded la the original plan of remod. ss
Galvewton; J. R. Gillam, Mart; a{eling, fa being rushed with all posul Flowers ai
Wyn Harri, “Warns J. W. “Hooper, [ble peed. ‘the vata will aon te hollday itt
Eddy: P. 1, Pleldy, Eddy; R. M. Pet-|teady for oceupaney aud the roome| saat, var
ner Wm. Andetonn, Chicago: Charles {re being prepared for thosa who de | Posie
C, Coha, Louluvile; Mra, J.B. Mor. {ite to use them, Voth-trantient and
ta, Texarkana; XU. iwelee, ovat fatrone, ‘The ratbakeller will] yoily wre
Lous wat fanigt]2@ one. uf the nest In the south. lenricrgas te
Jark Jones, here appetizing meals will by aerved | ry
te Chidel aas uke Wetell beac aud ciate eee
Sri 8. Wek A ee AGERE RSLS Gig New axt:
Miler, ‘Clevnlandy fed bawardy, [4079 Met acide | fadion by” Pook: | pala” pee
Sule; J.T. Horriogicn aad sate fiuuster Potts. Tucslay might ot cnet |e ems
Ringel FH, LUGS Eene ls [uci has week uppetinent te Gry | ara ae
Hares bina, ie eee ten tak Lee ano. iets mua, hue Waneee es EE
Haren, Cona., aaa day gnd Saturday mornings are for| streets,
eereaies Te Or rate Wen Cael ladien aiauee aeriey nee weeny
tonto; C. (. Hayes, Waco; a commatationy ved foi Pa \e
seine acca eee ee on the uccommadationw reserved for] Parties a
the tadies on the part of the manage
“|uent, xo that cach one emf fully ace
quaint berwif ith the many coure:
heen prepared,
a devided adalt
‘0 the thronga that patronize the
and the Incense has heen moat
struting the fact that
appr splendid fu-
aiterded them by the reopen.
und remodeling of this Instit
jartin: J. W. idney,
M
MeClure, Gatyeston,
Notice to Our Customers,
fon
Sat,
pale barker shop will
ok noon on Xmas
P, Baill, Prop.
p= ah ©
CONSTABLE WILLIAMS
DIED LAST NIGHT
J
rey Willis pity Sinuows Im your
vobite curtatn,
—_——
What | Want From
Santa Claus
And you need not think Tam
going to be selfish and expect
to get my stocking full, but L
am going to usk this of yon
aul it won't wust you a red
vent. and that Ja thins T
MURT havy YOUR trade, If
you will give me this T will
be.as happy as a kid after
Xinay with a red wagon,
All Leading Brands Cigars
A telephone mesaxe to the Times
Herald from Correspondent Biiott at
Rosebud this morning gave the ia
formation that Constable Edgar Wil
Hama, shot by the uegro, Louis Mille
Monday nigit, died at 9/15 at hie
home In Ronebud.
Milla waa bauged ac once for hin
Work, ag Was showa In thean columns
reaterday, Constable Williams rested
well to within a short me of bis
death, and it was thought that he
would recover, but he suddenly bo:
Kan sinking aod rapidly xrow weak:
er, dying al the time indicated. He
knew fully what was coming, and
atated before dying that he regretted
specially that he had to be shot by
8 wegro, He was abgut J0 years old.
‘The funeral will take place this
afternoon in Rosebyd, conducted by
the Od Fellows and Woodmen. He
teaves a wife and three children,
Christmas Eve services,
large attendance In assured.
MAGAZINES,
PERIODICALS, BTO,
Now won't you do your
part and make my Xmas the
merriest of the whole quater
All creditors of the Majentio Rea
taurant (im the rear of Majentic bar)
run by Frank Tuck and Ching Tuck,
will present claims for payment. be:
°""'4, 1910. Terma to omit,
ZR} above rewaurant will hq wold
Derember 24th, at whieh date
Cbristinas ate
orders now at
fat, Juiry oys
for the tradw
prompt and i
broN.
buitutng, ext:
and destroys
anieing any pi
}use cocaine o
Call and be
Tharaday a
lar of the Fl
of vortne with
ehoculate IT ys
for 19 cents,
tact dasncies
ble. AU (Bie :
anger ts
‘s equipped
"tubes.
+ opark piu
and elect o wh:
Ue weal We
ey, Tom Pads
Tonight aC
Witt be given a
the puptis of
which a mont
hus been arran.
mined at
‘At noon today.
At 12 o'cloc
parlor of the
there will be
for Chetetmas
of the Old Wor
cottes, chacola
wich or water
the sale for 10
Don't walt
Get as now to
40 you can cut
wee, reazonabl
Phone 1093,
sanitary plum!
ane. Rememb
of 4 century TI hare spent
Paes, omit
ico ate,
jamal, tn
ig Prone 92.00
joars «
OATS
‘OATS:
Hing ails and
Nored’ xt
1,90
oe than silk —
) embroiderrd
$1.90
land cighty-theoa
Aug tie Melon
, naw being cone
house by County
i. Abbott, | This
| intermediaey, 53
Ws m the Bigh
| So far ag can bd
p largest nusmuer
fumbling here for
The sewsions wit
Rowen th the
Sature uring
Frew de Gant
|sons, but all of
in the afternoon.
ivescerdas,
js. vosts, straight,
fits Lumber Co,
chassey,
eh; owner
: 12
| cook, Apply at
i Tas
In wet Taylor at,
vig hair, heavy sot,
face; $10 rewaed
|. Moon, 821 Tay
ined
Seer
lonventences. “Ape
:
ire Accept-
‘hristmas
1 Late
ok
> on All
Fiction is
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TEXAS LYNCHING
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COKE MILLS RUNS AMUCK AND
ENDS HES LIFE UNDER BELL
TOWER,
SHOT AND DANGEROUSLY
WOUNDED AN OFFICER
Furious Cidzena Swing Hin Lp
While They Thought Constae
ble Wax Dying,
Times-Uerald Special
Reselud, Tex, Dee. 21,—Lewir
Mills, « negro, was hanged to the
bell tower in the fire station here
last night at 7 o'clock bya mob ot
Infuriated citizens after the wero:
had shot and soripusly wounded Con-
stable Edgar Williams, who was 4
tempting to arrest him,
‘The trouble started wen the ne
AUDITORIUM
TONIGHT,
Human Hearts
FRIDAY SIGHT, DEC, 24,
Return of That Great Success,
Brewster’s Milkons
Haine exeeiiegt cast seen In Waco
last season.
CHRISTMAS, SATURDAY MATINEE
AND NIGHT, DEC. 25;
The Right of Way
Klaw and Erlanger'x Production of
Sir Githert Parker's Play,
Faire production carried,
Prices: Matinee Sve 10 $1.00,
Night 250 10 $1.59.
MasESTIC
Monday, Tuestay, Wednesday,
Week of Dee. 20th.
STRICTLY HIGH CLASS VAC
DEVILLE—FIVE HIG AUTH,
Alt Feature Acts for Chrisinas Week
CLAUS and RADCLIFFE,
Singers, Dancers, Talkers,
RAND and BYRON,
Comedy’ Acrolints.
CHRIS CHRISTOPHER,
Yodling Singer and Novelty
vViolinint.
MISH NELLIE #TKRN,
The Sweet Singer, :
THE POWERGHAPH,
Picturea Changed Dally.
CBPRCIAL MATINEK CHRISTMAS:
Erte mob
[sennd, nows
1717 Aut’ Aypnus
Wore, Taxeg 76701
+
‘and one ”
fect In Oflear men
and he fell Int vor 8. J,
Ward took tp «and when
tho poxra reach aw ofl mill reser.
voir ke stopped and taking alm fired
at the mayor. The latter returned tbe
fire and the negro fell wounded tn
the leg. He still brandished a revol-
ver and a posne of vitlsens who Jon
ed the mayor ware forced to strategy
fo wffert a capture without further
camualtivs, While a rquad of thom
parleyed with the” wounded negro,
others gained an advantageana pos:
Uo, vovered him with shotguns and
voumanded him to lay down hin pis
col or div. He obeyed and was con.
veyed to the cle Jat
Constable Willams had teen giv=
+n medival attention and the report
that he wag fatally wounded made
the people furlous, A mob snon fr:
rand’ marching to the cnlaboor
arcers to thy prisoner we obtained. |
He wan taken out and dragged to the
fire: station. A “rope. was. plac rd |
heam In the bell tower. Fifty man
awsht hold and aweng he negro un
went away leaving Kim.
hansin
The bedy was eur down eboat ay
veleek Tast night and iaken to tae}
Mlaboowe where In remaiged until
rho morning.
Williams Not Fatally Hurt,
At examination of ts winiad thie
rk convined the sz
yeiciane thet
neti
ta thervar,
Testi case today sand Doles he
through all ght. The
rey i liable ty canse
emplicattons and ix cunaidered very:
dangerous,
“an BysCouvtet,
The negro, known by same as
Coke Milly, In said (0 bare served a
term im the penitentiary, He waa
known as a troublemaker and reald-
“d four miles north trom this eity
onthe Glance far, He had been
married wud haw several children lt
Big BUL hin wite wt dead, He met Stub.
Maiworth in the road about font
ma@bthe ago and forced him at the
muxale of a gun to drive around bim
When be appeared in. Stallworth
place of business the latter unde!
took to chaative kim tor his former
Insulting conduct, but the negee
Irew a yiatul and prevented the eh
dinement, Whew ive dieplayed the
the ponsiable
ut. H
falled an tel
ng ts quiet this mo:
ink.
Gulet at Mugnotia,
Desocuted Press,
Montgomery, Als., Loe
all tx quiet "today abont™ Wiles
Wikox county. the seen of the
shooting of, four white men and the
berning of tbe uegro, Clint Montgom
ory, pornen are in pursue ct Will
Montgomery. the fourth of the wegre |
Urotiers implicated In the murder of
Algenon Lewin on Satutdny. Sherif
Grant who went to Lindon yesteri
th Brivter ued Shelly Montgoniarae’
© (wo NORTOeS captured, sogched
home carly today and jofied Th the
chaue, A long attfance —telephour
mesnage aya fecling ia a0 high the
negro will almoat certalnly be lynch
ed if cought.
While
7 an
+ Want to Bd Lawyers,
Austin, Tex., Dee, 20.—The board
ot legal examiners tor the third
DAY and 8 p. na
nrome judicial district is In xeesian
around his oeck and thrawn aver af!
[ Hallinge
aS
MOUSEF
&, fharber of
James DP, Wiiam-
——o___
Many persona find themaeives
fevied with a peraistent cough ater
an attack of influenza, As this cougb
can be promptly cured by the ase o}
Chamberlaln's"Cough Remedy, It
should not be allowed to run on ual
it, becomes troublesome. Sold by all
dealers.
. - SHE
Needs one of those Lady's Purses at
The Old Corner.
Nice robes, fancy bridles, pretty
tergine and other things that are uso
fal.” Perey Willis, .
HEAVY HOLIDAY TRAVEL,
Tevas and Pacitle Forced to Add Be
tra Equipment,
ea Chrough Marshall on the Texas and
Vavine railroad and all tralne have
n
a coaches Iotded to their fll
sy. The train left here with,
even coaches for Texarkana, and the
1 n tram wan held
4 pio k for them, ‘Trays
1's iebmted goon on the Texas and
Paciie road, and the holiday rates
aris (nik yrur, so ax to diss
several dass, instead
Ae iU Throng in thee daya ue
arora,
—
SAPYDINE for “THAT HEAD SCHE"
acho and ere
Aleks! Capudine
C1 you for bianens
braces tho nerven
iH
Sune of those O-No-Te Pont
tain Pens at The Old Corner,
SENATE WILL ENQUIRE
INTO CONTROVERSY |:
Amuciated Prov.
Wuxhingtom, Dee, 21.—Theenenate
today practleally devided upon the
inauguration ef an inquiry
Pinchot rentreverss, | bp
wloyling a rexolution inirodueed hy
Senator Flint of California calling
for all the papora bewring ett the
Thin ix Worl Remembering.
Whenever yoy have a cough
old, Juxt remember that Pole
Money and Tar will cure it, Remon,
ber the name, Foley's Hopey ntl
Tar, and refuse subauitutes, row
dent Drug Co,
It yon would Ike to have @ nice
targe picture of your Cheistions tr
Chrisemnat tables of Uw family wll
at ct the family te at home, Jum
TALBAW, new, oF 957 old and
f MeCall will rempond ut cuee
All Work guaranteed fire chuva,
Don't tet your horse xutur tr
cold and rahi. Get a horas blanker
cr rain cover from Pesey Willa, on
shoe aquare,
Wants one of those Beautiful Culene
darn at The Old Corner.
Say, have you eer
tnowe Nuvoto
‘(COOK WRITES
[they would take
t [tory
- FROM FRANCE
Lotter Dawed Maraciiiew Uecetved by
Committee Friend Pleads For
Him, ‘
Augoclated Presa, i
New York, Doe, 21--—"If the pub
ia knew the truth concerning Dr
Cook’a mental and physlent condi
tion ax known by hin close friend
more charitabl
view of lis preaent unfortunate alt
Nativa,” were Ube significant ord
today of J]. Wellington Wack, coun
sel for Dr. Cook
A Letter Prom Cook,
Askocluted Pros.
Copenhagen, Dee, gto A bee
han been before Une coun
from Couk postmarked Mar
sellles, December 14th, Thin lent
color to (he exrher repart that Coo
aulled from New York for a Mediter
ranean port,
iy
sand
Secoud,
by the se retars
spew stten
om
TMs ances
Us pages Of ten
and ti a vdewe rigtion ef the
pedtton duro ca period from
March 1%, ly08, 19 done 23, 1966
"
r
ind by.
The com:
he Cniveraity us
in rw examination t=
fatlows
mete, dlenetor ar
Hranginlen) obwersaterys De Peetiute
wironomer attached 10 the nhaerva
usta Hels, explorer; Proton
sor Yonaun, pemmdent shunt of titer
tation; Dr! Ravder, director mete.
ological allies, aud De Rugstrom,
rector of Lind uber atory.
fessor xt
Weather Mureau Man Taths,
Amariated Pres
v efi 2h Prat Wb
ul of This Natlonar
whieh themugh »
‘wade
(lO The disens
erty Pole wtgroned Ty
WTBterest in the Information 1
at,
‘ N
ra aa Pre
Gore wa ehatt
Moors
with Hs
nplets and conta «
SFA bivtory of the discovery of
rele, W
ifate and unyartial tie world may
Jderdand a all tha derbi Oh
Peersy Fenvm ting the discovery wh
hay arisen.
Peary sounded Warning
Ananciated Brow.
Waabiingtan. Bee 21~-In an inter
view toduy Comunandes Peary vaid
“Three manthe ao from the Late
rador const Tnounded an wxniiclt ane
[dertperately worded warning Wy tas
TEXAS LYNCHING. Ye b ot ete wetter
THE ORANGE RIOT, GALVESTON DAILY NEWS, FRIDAY, AUGUST 19, 1881
The use of newspaper reports is sometimes the only means
of obtaining important events in the history of places and
people and sometimes these are sketchy and incomplete, leaving
part of the story untold. This is the case in the following
series of newspaper articles taken from old copies of the
Galveston Daily News, published in August cf 1881. Obtained
through the courtesy of Dr. Howard Wiliiams of Orange, one of
the first residents of the county to evince interest in the
recovery and preservation of the history of our county, the
articles present an ugly but valid side of life here 94 years
ago.
GALVESTON DAILY NEWS, FRIDAY, AUGUST 19, 1881 (from) HOUSTON,
TEXAS, THE ORANGE RIOT ~ SPECIAL TELEGRAM TO THE NEWS -
AUGUST 18, 1881: "Later news from Orange has been teceived
About 13
to the effect that Sheriff Michel
Negroes and one white man, Delano, are in jail. Sam Saxon,
one of the ring leaders of the Negroes, is still at large but
is closely pursued. He is evidently wounded as one of his
shoes was found in the marsh filled with blood, The number of
Negroes killed is placed at six anit fe is feared a number will
be hung tonight. The agent of the Texas and New Orleans Rail-
road has been run off and Mr. Masters left for Orange tonight
with a new agent to take his place. .Mrs. Michel, who was on a
visit to her mother of Johnson's Bayou was sent for and
8.
returned to Orange today by boat. The wound of her husband
is doing as well as could be expected under the situation,
GALVESTON DAILY NEWS, AUGUST 20, 1881 ~ "THE RIOTERS TRIED BY
LAW. HOPE FOR RECOVERY. Orange, August 19: In the disturbance
here two blacks have been shot, one killed and one hung besides
several wounded. Great excitment still prevails. The military
company and good citizens are maintaining order and will do so
at all hazards. Eight blacks and one white man are under ar~
rest and being tried by law. Sheriff Michel, it is thought,
will recover."
GALVESTON DAILY NEWS, AUGUST 20, 1881. HOUSTON (Special
telegram to the News) - DETAILS OF THE ORANGE TRAGEDY. Further
particulars were received from Orange today regarding the riot.
About dark today no further disturbances had taken place and
the excitment had partially subsided. From what can be learned
of the causes tending to the trouble, the following is con-
sidered a correct statement: It is universally believed that
the riot was the results of a preconcerted plan to assassinate
the Sheriff Michel on Wednesday. It is alleged that a plan to
assassinate the sheriff was entertained between Charles Delano,
the white man in jail and the Negroes Sam and Rob Saxon to ine
volve Michel in a row. They consequently entered Smith's
Saloon and agreed to assault the first man who entered, first
Ors
j
{
i
‘having ascertained that Michel was outside. A stranger entered
| ' and went to the bar and ordered a drink when the Negro, Rob Saxon,
appeared and approached him and rested his arm on the stranger's
shoulder. The man resented it and afterwards struck the Negro.
| Saxon then drew a pistol and commenced firing on the stranger.
| ‘Sheriff Michel at once rushed in to quiet the disturbance and
| the Saxon Negroes ran out of the room and up the street, Sheriff
Michel in pursuit.
“According to the arrangements an armed mob of Negroes
were secreted on each side of the street andwhen the sheriff
reached the point opposite them they raised up and surrounded him,
firing on him and wounding him seriously. It is said this plan
was arranged by Charles Delano, Duke Harris and one other. When
Sheriff Michel fell, the Negroes were pursued by an armed party
of citizens and many of them were captured.
"Tt is now stated that only one was shot and two hung.
Sam Saxon, though badly wounded, escaped for the time being but
was subsequently captured and is said to be fatally wounded. Rob
Saxon was taken and hung to the limb of a tree, a rope was placed
around his neck, and he was hoisted up and then let down and was
tortured in this manner about an hour when he finally confessed
to complicity of Delano in the affair and revealed the plot.
"He stated that Delano had hired him for a pair of boots
some eight months previous to assassinate Bill Babcock and in
which attempt Mrs. Babcock was shot. After making a full con-
i 10.
fession of his many crimes, he was hoisted for good and they
left him hanging. Another Negro was hung to a tree over at the
Grove in the country and the buzzards are using him this morning.
“after the Negro's confession, Delano was immediately
captured and placed in jail. Mrs. Delano, hearing of the matter,
procured a horse and proceeded to the house of her brother, Duke
Harris in the night and aroused him and he mounted a horse and
escaped from town.
"Delano has many friends and relatives living in the
surrounding country and they have come into town and it is feared
an attempt to rescue Delano will be made tonight in which went
a fearful fight undoubtly will take place. Residents in Orange
are very reticent regarding the particulars of the feud. Although
many have been applied to by telegraph for information, very few
and meager answers have been received.
"Dr. Stansbury arrived here from Orange this morning and
states that he dressed Sheriff Michel's wounds and that they are
not as serious as reported and that he will probably recover.
GALVESTON DAILY NEWS, AUGUST 23, 1881 (Over the State) HOUSTON,
AUGUST 22 - '' News from Orange tonight says Delano's trial has
been postponed until tomorrow morning."
AUGUST 23, 1881. BEAUMONT - "Distressing reports come in from our
afflicted city, Orange. The Negro Saxon surrendered and was
Li,
summarily disposed of. A private telegram from there says that
the good work goes on without benediction. Our ever vigilant
sheriff with an efficient corp of deputies keeping a vigorous
lookout for any fugitives that happen along this way in their
flight from the vengeance of the infuriated exslveoss
GALVESTON DAILY NEWS. (Over the State) Special telegram to
Aes
the News. AUSTIN, AUGUST 23 ~ "The adjutant general this
afternoon states that his latest news from Orange is that the
desperado element is about subdued and there is no further need
for keeping the military under arms."
GALVESTON DAILY NEWS, AUGUST 26, 1881. NOTES FROM ORANGE
(Special Telegram to the News) HOUSTON, AUGUST 25 ~- ''News
from Orange states that Delanc's trial is again postponed and
that it is supposed that he has left the country as he did not
appear. Everything is reported quiet."
12,
ef
) e alts
ey SSS marae elt
sor [tush Hexeliaisant, Preralling. |)
leah PROT Cee
‘tor ‘Deputy SharttrOverpowered
Jaf saat gnge en
(Bbder- ico: "Rinraged Cltizewneaia
\
|
ERB Eee:
2] & Begro; whose nahe child note
‘| Dotng’s Trial
a
Pte
3
«NES genom |
Se taives'A oh
Poi Nap ts wri dtreaine
the:
Modul
ior} ai eeedin
cuor of td ridint mb, el
‘up ta tig guiahite wend pyore'at bla’
{This evening nt’ £:o/clock shel m
oa from seniae ona He att
Clock sarmed: oftizen prpeared:
all. Deputy? encla noe. Jett
manded/ halt't:to then)
fa overpoweringttorve fi oo ited with,
surrendered, the prison, when it wasentéred.
and Sam Suxon and hig lending accom
woro takon out, ae
‘Thus commended a wild dnd thri
a
‘at
soul, ‘Thesp | two negroes,
seving all hope lost, commenced such'a ter-
ritying yell of " murder,” that thelr sliouta
were Leatd oe two niles. ls aeons HY
oxiwpernte the cil id, Who at once phot
thent both don 2? 4
in wild Glwoi
fer, and ministers of thu |gos-
pel were fore
ved, for the first time, lojjult
thy pulpit without a benediction. | ~
OM dtoro Staxan waa shot hy tmade'somo
qtartiiug (statements, — Ta awore [that
Charlle Delno puld him to steal a car Toad
of cattle last full, from the Loulaana
Wentorny ab Orunge; alw that he | wie
- offered, by s woman counpeted wit: the
gang, $500 to burn the town last fall, tint
kud the party with whieh slo was'von-
Hocted might rep tho spoils of a dumipble
plo. ‘Thhs he attempudd to do, bus only
succeeded in burning onv houso und store.
day inorning ut 9 o'clock, when IL id sup.
posed by wil that his neck will erack, In
ponully for his hejnous crlines. E
‘Tho four Harrises, Jimmy, Fort [and
Dunke, and Ol Deluo, and two negroes are
at eee, but they will perhaps be calghte
dna day-or two. Murther purtiewlars| will
be forwarded ns thoy DeCUr, int |
.. “Tekdonp pisParor,) F
Speclul Tolograit to the Yorr ‘+
Poatponed—Evorything’
a Qalet, 1 ie
* OrARax, Anguat 22—It was’ to-day| de-
cided to postpony the trial of Delay (intil
to-morrow inoruing at 10 o'clook, when all
“A tneases will be presont,
Ua quiet: toxtay and the rites! aro
din in Grange. No drinking or rioting.
Kivory wffort id belug tnady to” eapturg tho
remalning memburwof the gung of plotters.
‘They are. Lound to come, und the ed ls
not yet. You never saw suoh deterniina-
tlow’on thy part of eitizens to rida colony
of desperate charneters.
Shoriff Mlehaol ls not so well this morn-
‘The congregations at church stamppded |”
Charilo Deluo is to have a brief trial Mou- | +
‘and the strange and ajo,
rate
a ‘#0 horrified by the en;
KageTONI
poisons corpse lias
ourly hair,
ought to
rles Evans, five feet ai
all a:
: res eS ery
Death of Dr, Prico's Chitd—Hoaston
} “+ for the Medion School,
Apvolal Teleram to the Pow.
Boun Lake, “August 22—We chrontule
‘aiiten sad ovotrency In, the death at 1:60
pein: (6-day, after only A-féw days lines,
of the very Interesting, little gayghtor of
ir, Wi L.Prieg, of ‘Montgomery,'and now
aR viator ‘ib Your. Lake, tton? demi \s
anid to have been caused by a atmllar foyer
to that which we hnd Inst fall and wien)
proved so fatal, an
‘There ure ‘only 4 téw persona ‘at the lake
now, Among the departures to-day are
Mrs. Waller Uriisom and damilyy, of Gat:
veston, Wohavono filrat bale report, but
will be {along on -the home. stretuh with
very good urop. , .
Houston 1a our place'for the location of
{he iedical branch of the Slate, Univer
ality. :
PAGLE. PASS;
Terrible Acaldent on tho Rio Grande,
Special Teloxram to the Powr.
Haaux Pass, August 22.—Tho largo ferry=
bout plying betweon hero and Piedras Ne-
ing, but his recovery in expeeted by the
attinding physicians, :
yas bald b f
‘Tor'interment on’ Steady y
the next station to Orange, andi he
ps Tt te: ont
ae
<6 ¥ da. T think his
Feolk-. There has been!
raha ie fave abt
the President tape
eae
‘Sondition, together wi
Twoutd bo ficely tg
*
portion af opium. Is that
true? Itso, wouldn't It, have a tendency
to cause the delertum H
“(Tm all cases where fnemas are ndminis-:
tered 4 small quantify of Inudanum, or
something similar, 1a ohe‘of the compottont
parts, adminjatered for the pur~
tion of the enemas.
dliriam.
fr the caso on the
ged ian I ad jes
at tho conclusion
of theluterview that} the: President was
stil in a very precaciogs- condition and flint
his encourageiueut w. based on the oul-
Jook at that time, '
No Unfavorable Symptoms, |) *
315 yu. —-Unotitial bulletin: ‘The
President Ss passing fuiet ufterneou wad:
sleeps good deal of the timo. ‘Up tothe
resent timo he has swallowed and retained
Today 22 ounoor of Naurd nourishment,
cpunlstiug ‘of milk,'porridge aud koumis,
He hag alxo had. two-enemus at 7 a.m. and
oneoon afterward. No new unfavorable
syimptoina have a aL} eral
‘condition la about the.same as at 12:50, |
No More Nanaea, be
6:80 Pp, .—OMeial bulletin: The Preal-
dent hus continued to take nourkhment in
small quantities at stated intervala durin,
the outjre day, and has bad no return 0!
nausea or voimitug. Nutrietit enemas aro
alo retained. Tho wound is looking well,
and (he work of repair iy golng on ‘in. all
positions exposed tg view. The pus dls
charg Is healthy, At present hfs puleois
110, temperature 100, respiration 19,
Taken 8iMoient Nourishment,
4:10». 4.—Unoftoal Lutletin: Dr. Bilas
atd p,m. sald ‘to a represontative of the
Aewcinted Presa that the President had
had @ much more favorable afteruoon
than yesterday and was doing very woll.:
He continues to swallow nouriahmont in
7 feel mors encqur
day."
ie doctor intimat
ara has been uhablo to cross tho Tle
tho shape of milk porridge and koumlas
athe. doctor's
eMac tad
‘4 Suge!
ha SOOM
fromm bi room, 9 shot
a
the. Seon
by ened
bility to take notirishi
DigRt and in other ‘res
ually upchanged, ~*
Tologrkm of Sympat
| \Wasiitworon, Augua
rreypondenes by cab!
tho State Departinent :
#0 Hon|J, -@. Blaine, Sece
"ington :
lngtor
\" Home, August: 2—
I nel with — paint
profound sorrow of tl
which jthe’ President
yas the victim. So
to; folliitaty His Kx
Rows tat hls procious
danger, and will pray t
him a speedy and vom
health and Jong spare
tous. Vhe undorsigue
Join in'{hesa sentiments
Ulations, and wiabes for
Alea
The iden be
touched by # plous inter
shown by all churches
witely br more devout;
the Rothan Catholic oo!
; She G. Bratwe, 8
‘To Low
\ Wasnrxaron, August
‘wits sent to Lowoll, Min
‘Tho. Preaident's condi
Improved aince last re
voulted for twenty-one
the forenoon haa “swal
withontdiMentty and hag In the oninion
veveral Litmea, In all abou
Was not ail ex
Fhe views a eran
Ait advan a » 08,
= me es tl" | HORT: anuing FOR «° Gane OF | Falah epee ip See pend “papers wird raw Apo!
' goths eae ‘MURDEROUS. LAW-BREAKERS : | BOR See fa : y ued
y fbat the dines of the 8 OF) A TRXAR TOWN | RID it OF eens J
3 .DESPERADOR’—-gooD. esuie .oF-one |
AND <n ‘oixa A
" lowstos wee wal Regt fae ee oe
Houstox, ‘Texas, ‘tid on he doagiees eas lost them: : The ones we
uid otherwise buys Leen | does have Just been lynched by = eltizens ot ae iririomdne fed Sey porte
1 ‘ould bry by thelr fri mda,
eed ‘Orange, thla Stato, and’ the cduntey hereabout, {a
pstent of an unustially hard how 1h # state Of the most tntense excliemont. The pee ee “OHITRARY. af, from troovs following some dist
ip tot ‘duets aeeaee Iynching waa carefully done after: tho gravest con+ oe : .Tgbtdicra were telpg ripiily shot
inter, the Comme sideration, abd was the result of a sldwly formed. {SOL JAMES IN / pritfcad. moment, Geoizo Ds
fore nly tei allen of stress determination on’ the'vart ofthe best! citizens of | “” Col, Jainea@. Benton} of: ‘the United ‘States'| miners, arrived and” jotned! in the
ine ahs xcemely ay ny | {ye country to at onco fd tho'community of aset | Ordnance Department, died at his hom in Spring? | ‘Indlanw wera routed with’ great’ oki.”
ty ulean the strevta ay from {°F otlawa who have lang beets a sourde of torror, | fleld, Mase, yesterday nfo ning, from heart dinense,
ho asies end gartage, whicll | and to summarily end Hordes rugiantsnd inthis part | Le bad eorved in command of the Srfringdelu At
and whieb tf the | of vexad
ie wlcrenseg Tor th |S e wory witico January, 186, and wag feRarded as
ek ‘ho efgt men Iynoled were uot only rufans at | one oft the'inoat eflotenf ordnanco -dticers in the |
raters. from ns shite tha most dangerous, character; but théy had car: |’ Government service. A blitive of Ne Hampahite, | posed tobe os soldiers extent: Dals'e.3
Ainuee onthe, bare of tie | {eit thelr bluody Jasolence eo far ad tg make tt | James G. Hehton was both in 198i, und. he catered in the Sight grew out of eta iy the Ai ,
he, after carefia ttrentin to worth an official's life to executo thé Jaw azatnst' |" the United States Militar: Academy ap, West Polat’ bis gamp; in whfoh the Id!
vey rrcented | Muy one Telonging to the gang. ‘The iromediste | July 1,938, He wag: the quite youpi. bat-even | tho inetd of the eat
Fae sh ie occasion of to-dity’s whiclodale lynching. Was an at: | ‘whitereeelving his ‘contse of: fistruction he-|-bulacd.: -Dabgat onad
Tempt on, the part ot the desperadoes: to assnsns | developed thoee-qualll hh durin tn’ puirault, “over
nate Sherif Georso Michel, ite 20: ndmlrably’ fitted! hor. for. spilt
~ Three’ weeks ayo 0. 1, Detno, a notba ériminal, |.vicé. Ho .was: atiidious) method! R Rian aa cae
attempted to excine from tho jail. --4f@ micceeded | and courageous, atid "his ‘tianty:| beat i nes brer ni
eH seit, fen ee ani trom the Jail billing, | once secured form the Féspect of hfs aesGolate oat iy,
‘Uiscuvered rujining throughs i :
ited troublonnd cont, ‘tins | Lptectty ‘ou % red Delta to ntemy | He Was graduated from tHomhcad aly, 1918, reite
fof veracity, aud, having dis: | mtd cnpion® Uta ni, alsa bln and Yedelged a contnts atoppingrontinues
baat taut | hain ag fe of Ordanes in th Une sates Army. Fortes | ayoeted dh nie
ho manner: jt which; thoy the kane of: outa ly alx ydars hogorved'oe: Apsistant Ori a Onder, aoa eet
enunstaneva.‘uniler “which | day Feat yt _nt Witervllot Atvonal, NewYork: auidlon, Marsha, pu ‘ts ei 2
fey aan nploses aed, balay an 195%, waa" promoted. ‘te Sccond |TAeute) sania a a
ug AW Ms Durhig tho groater portion of thio. yo} taf es:
i rendered excellent rervicd fu the Ordngs oni ak,
Bnd Fam obliged re ay, it nie tie ha ot Washington: assisting in. the prepprat
ge'ttiv alactity of the wih Nad fled, th this Paystem of ariliery for th ‘land uervio
hic, some enses,they-| eaplination and {nshted omeeeechieg -.| Urduanco Mandal, Mis cothmission as ¥
pt, aud in others, if man sen for Wood, a * powel ae was bestowed up on hl in fn Mare, 1848,
th Bilvo, ind no eutception ah ee ce th iia aed Lieu Bento on ens ix com
3, 01
‘tho Coinmissidiiors: ao | dane Togas. and ding tho following, Yea
Ba tic: hi voomplained of Obstruc An the: me vac bat bad comp.’ ‘fhe’ re: abit at 58°, the ae jwennle.
Bro no ultimate impediment |: site wan tale a ‘tho outlaws mi ortes, i ne arse park of id et g
formuinen of the. work. “tho | senrohing hunt, thoy ttle. Gonna Wa ‘ie | Inston Were he ronalnad fe
Kounsdl that the wily: pruetions cedneluslon of the search the mnjority 6} 4 log sarorimiente. aioe isiets
ess -t0 proporly da tho 4 sobre hel's. ek rifled minsket, act
only: uy aisbuligeing aids ald disagreed * | -Boned. it aa tras a
LH the | earl: wna ak Ut: the Sherif, isoOn- nat | tothe Siar jemy On HI
He Hh satiated thet bh ce nad ir eons Capa, ivr bees
ie the ty, a
vitnessos, the) ‘bai ificd- +| activo: rorvice during: tho was bet
forward uo ovidendo sunt oe mee thred: Years. frit 186
ihe obstruétions geconnt NOxt day sotoe'porvons who’ fs thd of th
“sth of actually pres Ea y wit Delns Is informe:
nied and the ashys and gar- | Michel had deceived ents teil he, grit
‘Much th pare thing may be ‘tice informed, ‘by. the let 16
he Alleged fallure of she. Po~ | Uiny sauld inost eegtatily, tet even
erly punish viotations of the | before tong, .
ary orcitnt (cannot ay The Shorift hie whit’ this meant, 4 id at sence’
a te ‘policemen ealiva | has to | appealed to the vitizens for protection a the age
aul fauure, bi that it | of posse of strona and determined
estabiish the direot opposite, |x dlieuity in at once surrouadlig: htepnele trite:
pedinans ing a throws | good body jarirt from ‘the Jaree number of.
inte ta | budied Plainemen who: Siamedintely yoluntcered
varant “aos zhi ‘thelr ¥orvices. “The outlays wero not slow. to ob-.
forwy the approaebing, gravity of: atfais, ‘nt
ee eure te ey rene by stra i
contd tO Ka re thet ends by 6
egy. ‘thoy at once bela to Urea ti A slon-relative
£88 mal one and violent ways: ter th ant ei
‘driwing the Sheriff pat into rome expos) ft hi He runs
polsen. Finally tay doncoeted tho plat i ations
ing terror aniong the people in the outs}
town in the bopas of drawing Michel,
ail’ es, | hocouid be attacked from an umbusts."
Tor iio Commissioners that | Cllariey Doino and Dug ages: whlte
lst, ay imatter OF fact, | and Hob Saxon, food ralsod n oh
prevent. {hen rf i dol ne] saloon on the. 6 the:
mole duty. White everything trasilo in thohonjies dota tl
of the building out, and; pops fired the
iaubure nt once Basteted into the Lox
iad -of the smuthoritios. an
started, nt dhe dead of its posay. fon hy
het rine bul the place Jani Saxon. on
an hous! it. «dis-
irs wot ob ulpoxetlior: creditable |.
‘aiid. nol calculatad (o elved J
rabive suocate. Pie thelr
eau, | novertholdss.dismnina
rom all coualderation
fa thee 6 tice i
Fro * ene
pion the. fo wad “i
Bitch ia touotermine seni rat hie eile thoran
spouldpations ‘ie body, plefoed with nse
ee Ut tnd thew £0 Boling si stone tone ay th is
ata geet i apiece ona
ath. the ba jan one
mapas uuconted ga ne rai
it ede reed hepitt appointed to: miu Oba PALL By the | flake folluwernt ONE
pc rent peta i Ted Sex ian saan ei mv.[ ater fn) f aeue nuludtn ree 24
h " ihn th ‘tank ho. whe : dirented, inv pompltaiioa') wi a pasty GE Gib
with an hvt’o! f Congress, th seluct a’ malazine-zun | sult of the, al
hd forthe’ Cate States ge vice. The commision of, Sire eo Nin
‘ah
afiton oF his were
ee
‘Cotanet Was bestows iene ‘im in ding, Iwi Col
ov
n enthus
Ut conslderat “f on ran pat
chargen. fully, ‘ot’
nHouRE to-"'eeuae” For the re” | 4 ofan At 3 eS H: jwaret
the fence ne yoilley fray the.
unbilnh aE him matt leeding,
+ erect Pac th i i tied.and | ‘The tuneri sei rita nay
lie on Wi 0 nton Wilt
thatla oni thele toe an Epitchpa Uaoeae fn Sort
batik a ro hi lous. Newh | tow morning. Tio tie ail
ne na uate Ai ry ,} ele j aeatie in men at U1 te
i ; eae asa ite ae
thas falling in the NM apzomted | Friday mae
dine, fren ‘by the. 7 In nario’ ary | © basen
and thatthe State | ranged the, com ean a Peal ‘SHEPARD.
trust, docs nat to :
sronely waa jus. nibs es __ Me, Fiteb Sho)
“Mikeatton t fF thelr contin tn T the Th Weyer:
tats of itsy has ten tpent tn vies ale eefegan,
sworn duty, while Kt tertunly Hows not tend tat ne reat
HR ministrative enpacity und fitness Tt sam iter nnother of
ie delingubare Commtscioneet ar ie cee sfinodiuen of
hei provelt wilinanu fi tha’ pane te digesta AORN HIG ena
gunning of the Intee they were swira to obu to teil the kominittes
ither thexp Comilisioners knew that the work ir ‘ontederntes I il
they wero dwora to-do, aint, whith they took the en resid A von ans
Roople’s-shonuy.” 30°" “dot, as “ot hein ey ail fet were te mi He sas
and, Known, | tated sup in the sa! a
8,
ue: —alnoat-~ungonsctou: dor aH a an
istonp Kestvclited and Rain Sea to cone emai enters
eth tui, fetured eae Geni bute py
Agni tot down and restecieated’ ety
10 tu tell what he knew, fe dontinued au
solders are nut re y Ir, and “durin ae
of eitlzenne, ened, ir ane re
alto th Com")
uty
vhlet they
yun tt
fn
oes es roe tanas snes ii Geis aes cos See
net untal or. ion i rf
ater allot ted fenton ‘ani tbe ag the thers et ca Eimulshed Forte Tait
Iter bere ch he inlansy of Hi i ro ‘ Era it fate re nit beg
4 Delite We and “Sho
© | tothe tho fale wh No. was locked oa Sain Sosa Vice-) recident TOF en & Aner i, Bani
wwe alee opted tinen decal Eu pighaeie Eloi.
| gpa, ring wich Le was baiy waded le Stepaed to: ozt |e
‘also hae jail desperadoes
hom Garton's & contention “hatte ae nraese od oy halaceree ana
sitermpt on “Shiri st e ente
tiken aa the committe delity rat A nat Fras ollitniiy eon oe gaveral] bene
of
sr the iets
of gots inconsistent herwtine stat ts
Gener with the creation and operation of the: x
p opare ent.of Strect: etalon ‘Therb WW no and took’ “Sam — Saxon. ‘at Charles
of. the whatter and. ‘duties of the ‘Delto ut into the street. ‘The pr prisonerg
f aiuyor, OF OL 5 ths eae ity of the Commigsi S| on their: rations and. begged of thé commi ren ior
tho} {God's dake"? to ‘spare their lives: “Chair appeal <vieor a
wera eo ee tho) viallantes mroralngs Sard til i k
apparer Ml no attention to. ‘
tinder the dehty ineocuriag Tor the 8xek the | A Em works cet n
vented nw, doomed men, dey} ti ‘No
lo Jatiedtedon bythe resolved to take thei
{onl statis romaine | sent gO. faa,
ea iss puta es dor ath th
Auelon that the Comunpstonury ee ge went | demons, ai
‘fod from tho! operation of thu charter in tex Saxon and ‘bela
the duties jatste arora Co burton aud aheubite with ou
“ithe only a ‘hele bloody Lod!
= whore’ they fell, ad ‘the cotneaireete ne ent:
‘charter, Wy Ga | bark to the Jail and eve, thetr atten pipe Se
}forve: and) sas ‘already. stated, a pe 10. - They: oe re Pad ce nar th He St
“opinion thal fiey' dow end that
“duty,” ea ere
ico. uider
BuFtench,. Joel Wee
salient the
iy snd ae fily,,
fia, tall Go els eo
Q ene te a. her
eset
.tora.-tole; i au
Dedy was fete ewinelnsin Li
‘Nuc aingle cxprersin oF eemmpatyl card
during, the yeholy exeitement for anyone ot the
men ofecuted.. The committee, after shin is
Work, passed resolutions" cousratulati the Rami
Pauly ubon having been expeditious sf
| Ba of murda a a gute without wor
oxbsnerating delays of font 4
rt ble tanps e
At ie vis ine
ele e ra pee
it its ig ae a aaee
nee pRicalss! ae ia ie | -
i coal ete baa lob.
ras:
fever, ft
jaftor she.
iistble for
jean: war
i has just
joa, after
int sineo
tated for
the Sub-
English-
Interests
ity | enkd
18 polar
they ray
xffomely
with still
’s condi-
lence is
rt of the
y of the
belief is
1 left aro
Quiteau
ult with
President
nec quent
We te-
he b:
reat. .
Guiteau
| intent,
| im the country. mich
i} which her citizens were provoked
aa ga a fowae
ond; Was. given
Hoste tears Bi
hy tive
ro
Woods,..{s. atill- in-
condition fi te a
bs ox
m the wound reoelys
‘ia boys fund alt eheds iter WU quit the
vis will qui
country with Ohare Delno.’ "9 d
Notwithstanding -. the . -reetorntiony: 6f
Peace, and absence. of excitement, 5 pei
Spprelensions exist as to {he satiety of any
of the above parties—should "tae; zeman
longer. “pedpl
are willing to human Ife; bei
EUR Tubman
the country of the des Ww
toade life tad property unsafe in Orange.
Alter the confessions of SamBaxon, fmypil:
valing Charlie Delno iu many unlawfal
procecdings, such as stealing cattle from
the railroad company and inciting .and
aanivtlug arson, it was anticipated that
uothing short of his death would satisty
thy people, whose good name had been #0
ferlously prejudice, and his escape with
Nfe, ou bond, ts much better teria
than ho either ox pected or deserved.
Charlle Deluo cume among the people of
Orange quite poor and exceedingly hum-
ble. His pursuit of the butcher buslices
Wis marked by succes, and ble apparent
amiability, combined with a fair degree of
courtesy, won him many customers. and vi
flattering number of admirers. ‘The 10
fluence of bis money was soon felt and_on
several occasiony lie was frst to be called
on Jn rmattors of suourity, oto, "Ula name
wie appended to the oillelal bond of tie
Sheriff, the deapernty wounding of whom
lod to the troubles and sacrifices of fv at-
tending the recent disturbances,
‘Ywo™ negroes, implicated in the plot
which led to tho late tragedies, aresupposed
to by in the vidinity, evading arrest, but
boing like the three now In full, mere ae-
ceswoties, It ls not supposed that thoy will
ifeaptured, meet the fute that was award
{ho Saxons, Tt Js not thought that any
further trouble will be experienced, and
the hellef is general that the Inwlegsnesd
and crime, which has brought repfon
upon a county predominating with good,
law-abiding “citizens will have found
an end with the departure of those now
undor suspicion. It is to bo hoped and
trusted that Orange will never ugnin be
thus scone of such bloody tragedy, as Sune to
a8
week.
. ‘ GALV AS: TON. a
A Bad Death—-Wounded-by Hie Brother
~The Grand Excursion and Concort—
Othor Galveaton Items,
MS.
on
haa not ygt
ifs Of the Seminole scou}
bringing with thom abou,
01
Sad drove them t9.to 2
COMANCHE.
A Good Rain—District Court Notes!
Mrs. Albin Yet Alive, ."”
Special Telexram to the Poet. '
*Comancy, August 25.—Wo have. {
hada good ran. by Which aur crops wfll
‘be greatly benotited.”, Cottod s
in Iyely,
in 8uptembder,
some Interesting murder ogaose"
i
between Comanche and Dubily,
on the Central; seems to be in hands,
and. it ls not .known when to depend upon
arrivuls of our malls, A ghange would not
regretted.“ , 't*, Dora oof
Mra, Albin, who was so sdrloudly burned 4
by ketosene “explosion, If‘ not yot dead,
Afer daughter dled, siaiaiiiania 2 1
Jenn “ COLUMBUS. a
Trying to Secure the Sunset Machine
.3
SBpoeiul Telegram to the Por.
ahopsat Unrrisburg, Governor ‘Thompson
telesraphed to Colonel Peirce and asked him
coming 2
diting the night and Aut not “ian quite
iu 5 ni a
well agoa Taceday night: ‘There hus ‘beat
"20 fble'change inthe appearance
y3e dhd inflamed parotid gland, el twee oF
three days: may elapsa: before the awellin,
wubaides. Taking everything into consld=
bration, the patient; has.not. gained any
Mt ralnoe -Votterday- morting,
Will loa¥o br Philadelphia at
Dr
1:60"
this morn-
a over.the bar and
beaok, ‘Ite dircotion( is
viouda pan be sepn
ceatr
signals bave- been ‘or-+
Carolina const, trom Cupe Henry to Smith-
lle ln autlstbatiog oft murricane east of
‘ort na, and probably, movi .
the northwestward, ese weed:
Dr, Boynton's Opinions; + |:
Noow.—Dr. Boynton, inan interview wi
a-reporter of the Associated Presa, Aa
11:40 this morning, ‘replied to -queations as
follows: ; “today! aécib
"How is tho Prestdent to-day adetbr,
fa your judgment?” -
T do not think he ls any better.”
- “But, does he hold bisown ty
“Well, I cannot point to any particular
symptom and say’ that It-ls. hotlooably
worse, but the: Impression which his get
gral condition makea upon mo today ‘sw
Metlo leas favorable. T don't feel quite
a8 much encouraged as I did yesterday,”
“What are the features of the
high seem to you most disquleting ?’”
“eaten seeea to you mogs alequlating# axe
| the patient's
A 7
not for: the thre
Bsnauiar awellin;
a plata. sailing.
$4 o'olouk Dr.
questions asked hi
of an
the case, and later
confirmed by Secr
of
bub {t was nacerta!
unfavorable ohan,
parotid gland, wh!
ert an active and |
ret
onoug) 1, ata. at
not have al h
uy do not iiko toad
No, 1
however, before 11
was closed, for the
What Doo:
RES RCH ON SHERIFFS OF ORANGE COUNTY, TEXAS FROM MAY 1852
M0 vJNE, 1977
R(NOFE: the accuracy of this list is not infallable. There
s a gap in Commissioners' Court Records from 1866 to 1883 and
gap in District Court Minutes from 1871 to 1883. These are
he only two records found that contained. the names of Sheriffs.
ome of the missing years were verified by a search of the Deed
ndex where the Sheriff would occasionally sign a deed on pro-
erty.)
Harrison Barnes May 7, 1852 to August, 1853
Larkin R. Thomas Aug. 15, 1853 to November, 1854
Ss. A, Fairchild Nov. 27, 1854 to March, 1856
E. C. Glover March 17, 1856 to August, 1856
Joseph Richey Aug. 18, 1856 to May, 1857
Cc. H. Saxon June 30, 1857 to August, 1858
Obadiah Cook August 17, 1858 to December, 1858
L. R. Thomas Jan. 3, 1859 to December, 1864
Joseph Bland Jan. 2, 1865 to November, 1866
ho, Jonathon C. Cooper Nov. 15, 1866 to March, 1868
Jesse Holmes April27, 1868 to November, 1870
W. W. Johnson Dec. 5, 1870 to August, 1874
J. A. Pinkston August’ 3, 1874 to December, 1875
J. H. Jordan Jan. 1, 1876 to June, 1877 7
e _Georgs June.5,_1877.t0, January,.1883 1
he. D. Ks Feb. 12, 1083 to November, 1884
17, Jd. C. Fennel Nov. 24, 1884 to September, 1885
18, WN. Burton Oct. 1, 1885 to November, 1894
19. Jefferson D. Bland Nov. 16, 1894 to February, 1899
20, P. F. Eastin Feb. 16, 1899 to February, 1901
21. John Robertson Feb. 11, 1901 to November, 1902
22. RK. M, Johnson Dec, 6, 1902 to November, 1920
23. J. W. Helton Dec. 4, 1920 to February, 1927
i, W,. P. Brown March 1, 1927 to March, 1936
5. K. A. Mitchell April 1, 1936 to December, 1936
26. C,. H. Meriwether Jan. 1, 1937 to December,. 1940
7. L,. G. Stanfield Jan. 1, 1941 to December, 1947
8. C, A. Holts Jan. 1, 1948 to December, 1968
9. Allen Buck Patillo Jan. 1, 1969 to Dec. 31, 1976
30. E, L. "Ed" Parker Jan. 1, 1977 to
PROPERTY, OF
BEAUMONT PUBLIC LIBRARY
BEAUMONT, TEXAS
52.
—_—_—--.
IMES
larly, select
Nt of larger
p Git Sug-
b, classifica:
le offerings.
ieIN-AT a
“PRICE
: In the City. 3c; Outside City, Se.
_WICHITA, KANSAS,
=
| [FRE CHEERFUL. CHERUB
The bird can sing up
in deg ae . :
But my heart sings.
My thee hts Fly higher
Far than he—
My mind hes ;
WINGS.
nner
I
- STRUNG UP BY
HOB TEXAS
- Prisoner Charged with As-
saulting Girl, Taken from
ro Waco Jail
CONFESSED TO ATTACK
MS WACO, THXAS, Dee, 1.--"Curley"
Si ttackney, white, about 30 years of
srrested in connection with an at-
tice on ah eight-year old gift, was
leaken from the city jail tonight at
yao o'clock and hanged, thr- mil
“south of town, He had confgss a, ae
“ combag to the polies, to assqulting the
* gin, .
Wl at $30
Pat te aml
‘l 1 eulionta iat.
DO After obtiining possession of thes
Soonupeet, heowas rushed from the jail
placed in sar itomebile and
ven tom lenely
ety, nour a cemetery,
riddled w
un a tr
About
inchs,
pot south af the
The bedy was
h bullets after being swung
pervous
nu comporal the
Puts Up Cool Front
Scripted in the right
reont gunshet weaned,
Tirey
from
leg,
prs
NING, DECE
WEDNESDAY MOR!
SAYS SHE KILLED
~ DOCTOR AFTER HE
RUINED HER LIFE}
Woman ays Déad Man Tried
To Assault Her on Eve of
Her Wedding Last May
MIND NOW UNBALANCED
NEW YORK, Dee. 13.—Mrs. Lillian
Naizen, wife of a Brooklyn toy manu-
Yfacturer; tonfcesed tonight, District
Attorney Lewis, of Brooklyn, said,
that she killed Dr, Abraham Glick-
stein at his; office on Bedford avenue,
|Beooklyn, Saturday evening, because
he attempted to assault her on the
eve of her wedding ‘last May.
“Owing to the woman's highly
nervous condition, the district attor-
ney questijned het only’ briefly and
held her withoit bail for examination
tomorrow,
Restuted Attack
Mrs, Ralzen, who is 29 years old,
tuld the district attorney that she had
‘known Dr, Gliékstein for about elght
years and that she had been “under
his influence’’ moat of that time.
About a year ago, she sald, she suc-
eceded in breaking the relationship.
While buying her wedding trougseaw!
‘last apring, Mra, Raizen sald, Dr.!
| Glekatein telephoned her and asked
jher to come to his office. Belleving
I that his only intehtion was to apolo-
for his past conduct, she sata, |
he culled. The doctor, she told the!
district attorney, made an improper!
. Proposal und then tried to attack her,
Int she resisted him and left. his
house in great mehtal distress,
A few days Inter Mrs. Ralzen was
cinarried. While ‘on her honeymoon. |!
she sil, she told Mer husband of the
treatment she had suffered from the’
physician. [Her husband forgave her,| Business Depression Forces
*fadded, and ‘urged her to banish the! Shut Downof Shops, Of.
t from her mind. She declared, ficials Declare
however, that the experience in Dr. °
B& 0 WILL LAY
OFF THOUSANDS
OF ITS SHOPMEN
‘ Glickstein's office, shortly before her! FURLOUGH INDEFINITE
_Weidding, “went to her Read” and forl 5 ar ooRE, Dee. 12.—Several
‘three months she was under the care!
pee “gic! 5 8 , oe thousand shopmen employed by. the
ot a physician, Who recommended a,‘ d Ohio allroad wilt be
change of climate for her nervous’ Baltimore an ?
condition, She went to Davtona. Pla, | rloughed indefinitely Saturday when
DNTIHONAT SVX ~
STRUNG UP BY
MOB IN TEXAS
Prisoner Charged with As-
saulting Girl, Taken from
Waco Jail
CONFESSED TO ATTACK
WACO, TEXAS, Dee,
white, ahout 30. ¥
: ed in conneetion with an
“Mineo on af eightyear old § war
[htaken fren the jall tonight at
fosi0 o'clock: and hanged, thr-v miles
Psouth of town, He had conte
_rording to the polies, to mssaultin
cgirh
a
nt
R20
a mob
ested
and shortly afterware
ing in front of the Jat,
A\fter obtaining possession ‘of the
pert, he was turhed from the Jair
cand placed ino an automobih: and
driven to a lonely spot south of the
A come Phe body was
riddiod with bullets after being swung
i trom at tre
hi About aw
inub,
persons vomyy the
Puts Up Cool Fro:
Hachees, crippled in the right les
“ qbeut Imm at the scone of th
Tis last: werds” before he
the end of the long rape v
ing.
from
ng
die, they hold aces and U hold trunp
The only thing, they're making it ou
worse than it really was.”
Arriving at the scene of the hanging
in the first car, which was followed
rapidly by at least fifty others, Hack.
| Bey cooly leaned against the site of
lithe ene and smoked a cigarette. A
ishout was put up immedintely for a
. A suggestion was made: “Hang
shim with some skid chains.”
Asks For Rope
“Aw, got a rope’ replied H
do it up right”
‘The sound was then heard of some
one tearing a he
a evude rope.
esuld:
“Well, boys. there is one conselation
TH get to shake hand
several of you in hell. Edi it and t
de! guess LIL p:
® SIX MINERS DIE
° ney,
t
u
4
is
nt
"anyw
Ttirkney,
to
”
“FIGHTING BLAZE
!Men Who Fought Blaze Un- ‘lt her mind giving way. She told’ gent Lewis recently. wired state head-|;
al Jam Ommeeid CalaenAn
a, aces
giet a physician, who recommended a,
4 from oa recent: gunshet wennd, prs
i sented thee stoaml most audacious
| front poxsiite to the men collected
han s+
"No use to argue with a mob, Bad-
with
[nervous condition, the district ator. |
ney questioned her ohly’ briefly and
jhetd her without bail Yor examination |
tomorrow, .
: Reaslsted Afteck
| Mrs. Ralzen, who js 29 years old.
tutd the district attorney that she had
known Dr, Glickstein for about elght!
vyears and that she had been Sunder |
{his influence'' most of that time, !
“About a year ago, she sald, she suc:
ceded fin breaking the relationship.
While buying her wedding troussran
ft spring, Mrs, Ratzeng ald, - Dr. |
Ksteln telephoned nerdand asked |
her ‘to come to his office,’ Beltoving |
‘that his only intentidn was to apolo-
e for his past cohduct, she sald,|
he called. The doctor, she told the!
district attorney, made an improper!
proposal and then tried to attack her,
Qut she resisted him and left: his
great mental distress.
days later Mrs. Raizen was
While ton her honeymoon. :
he said, she told her husband of the
eatment she had suffered from the
‘physician. ‘Her husband forgave her,!
Wh added, and urged her to banish the!
past from her mini. She declared,
however, that the, ¢xperience In Dr./
Glickstein's office, shortly before her!
heending, “went to her head” and fort
“three months she was under the care!
Shouse in
iy A few
‘fnarried.
mange of climate for her nervous
ndition, She went to Daytona, Fla
nd later to Jacksonville, where she:
fought the weapon with which Glick-
stein. was. killed.
Kaizen sald ahe returned te:
New York seeretly Friday night,
without the knowledge of her father,
daceb Schaffer, a Urooklyn Unware!
manufaclurer, or any of her friends,
and engaged a roof in a New York
hotel. She brooded constantly, she:
said, and finally on Saturday. after!
hoon started for Dr. Glickstein's home|
in Brooklyn. |
i
Tells Father of Act
After the shooting Mrs. Ralzen sald)
the house and In a daze!
Walked the streets She returned to!
Manhattan and met friends, then she}
telephoned her father “in Mrooklyn:
what she had done, i
»_ @
Mra, Ralzen did not see her father
, ble lett
t
arin i
hearing ity
and her husband until Sunday, when
attorneys were called into consulta!
tion and they advised immediate aur-!
render to the district attorney.
Aaron Levy, one of the attorneys
.enguged to defend Mrs. Ralzen, de:
“elared that she was mentally unbal-!
anced, indicating that the defense:
would be based on insanity, In talke-
ing with ther, he said, she had re-!
nuurked that she did not want to live,’
as her life and happiness had been
ruined and that while in Florida she
him, he said, the thought possessed
Yor frecardin ane ofa
| |
Crary «
Onke, n
B& 0 WILLLAY
OFF THOUSANDS
OF ITS SHOPMEN
Business Depression Forces
Shut Down of Shops, Of-
ficials Declare
FURLOUGH INDEFINITE
BALTIMORE, Dec. 13.—Several
thousand shopmen employed by the
Baltimore and Ohio railroad will be
firloughed indefinitely Saturday when |
hops, over the entire aystem will be}
shut down,
Business depression and the neces:
sities of effecting economies were gly:
en by offickils of the road as prompt;
ing the action,
Neither Daniel Willard, president of |
the road, nor G. W. Galloway, vice!
president In charge of operation, would |
venture an opinion as to how Jong the
shutdgwn would continue,
0
HAVE TICKLISH JOB
IWinois Mifie W orkers Board
To Decide on Lewis or Far-
rington Today
SPRINGFIELDs ILL, Dec. 13—Per-
sonalites were uppermost here to-
night in the discussions of the thirteen |
exceutive board members of the Hil.
noia Mine Workers, as they prepared
to decide tomorrow between the com-
mand of International President John
L. Lewis that support be withdrawn
from the strikers of Kansas, and the
request of State President Frank
Farrington that assurance of that
support be re-affirmed. .
Beth Lewis and Farrington ‘are
Springfield men.
Acting ,upon the direction of the,
Inernational exccutive board, . Presl:,
quarters here directing that nancial
EIGHT PE
BURN’
IN
Kerosene
Kitcl
SEVEN W!
DETROIT, M
check of the v
early today des
of Joseph Wak:
Detroit, 1 ved
of them o. irer
perhaps fatally
started When 3
to kindle a kite!
an explosion r
children, rangi
and twin daugh
Kurorsak, who
home, were bu
beds, Mrs. Wal
and Kelenty Ob
home, were £0;
that they may
PO
oo
4
2 =
‘sO
Ls
ts m
se @
“ by ot
Le : ; xz
Ea od
2 A
ps) =
>
2 -
2%
agencies
ib my goods
repreernted,
ranteed.
exporicucrd
FR,
, Carpenter
PORT. ~~
ork oie dane
SSEYEXH OINOLNV NVS-
somenccommmell
LY toa the Galeton Nowe |]
fu the Well County ly nedlig gums
halt duzen prisoners, charged) with
Nurmeatouling aud other offences,
Were shige todpa tin Spall byt walt
arghe ond Co Te the Wan codne
ty lyuching. « prisuoer under sens
tency of death, who way phqut {9 by
fiauged ii regular course of luw,
wus taken from jail by a baud of
horseman aud burped fo dewth
A wlmost in presence of the fury that
tried hitn, the Judyte whir ‘serituno-
vod him, and the Shgyitl who was 19
execute him’ “And “uow'we have oa
yg caee of -tynohiug in Leo: consty,
and in ajx -odde | Miges ‘prisoners,
awaitiogrtrint og gharged of sborng<
stealing Df oghar aNeuces; ybd_torm
trout the jailer and summarily oxe.
cuted, one by shooting, tho others
by baugiug. Que of the two. hang:
ed was a lad of'sevpairen, | Those
aro & few spectméns in ao rapid
xcriea of such incidents tlat have
thrown a ghastly illumivatiou up.
on the crimjnal jurisprudence of the
State since the préseut administra.
tion was Installed a little more than
two yearg ago, Detter tlipgs were
expected, jmmeasurably —better
things were predicted, under the
auspices of Governor Coke than
Y the people had realized under the
\ auspices of his predecessor, Sdmund
de Da But with respect ‘to!
maintaiuiug the laws, and_vindie:
ing the peace. add. dignity? of. tia
State, agaiost Jynchers aud maskers
dictions have - beev -verified, -
+ CQ the oceasion of te Bell county. at.
fair, tho Governor ivsued a ringing
proclamation which, oo its face, wus
QPNigiily satisfuctory. Ou the. veea:|
sion of the Milam county affair, hel
ordered au investigation. In ueith-
ercase has anybody been brought
to aceoont for Magrant outrages
‘\s hich ought tu caube!ebery gworn
upholder of the evil’ authority in
the State, from the chief magistrate
y to the ward constable, to fel that
he was insulted, struck in the tdee,
kicked uod trampled bu’ “by ‘every!
genins of lawlessness and violence,
fait not time that something more}
should be showy towards a faithtul |
execution ot the lawa than orders,
which lead to nothing, aud procia-
mations distinguished tor sonoroua,
emptiness 7 The Governor cat not
jiead, as lis predecessor could have
Dleaded, that be ia politically odious
by the peopleaad would consequent
Jy Jack their moral support in tak.
tug energetic and extraordinary
measures, The administration of
which he is the head represented
from the first fifty thousand mus
‘jority, and represente-at-this mo~
ANwu neither (he expectations nor pre];
Ont”
‘lines: may
LN
A YRDBMAL BOLDIEM, TAKMN
\ TO, LENO AQ MAT
KD IN BANRAG,
a roowut date alates that from Geu,
NB, Pearce, who tas just recurued
doom a vwislsto Urawford county,
Information was obtalued ofa child
stolen from Tenessee, Cen. Pearce
gleaned the particulars from SA.)
rues; who raldoyon Lép'asronk,
Ju Crawford Oouuty, wid who has
the ohtid-in resergtc abe: Haske ctr
was stolen 2 Medora) solsigr
Y debine ah ‘
u
named Mpald xd
County, Fido
noig tn 1968, and Jason t
Kabler reprededted ‘that hd -todrd
the child lu Chattanooga, »Taunes,
soo; that It camo to him while on
guard, and-$bat be took bers with
Sbim'to Clhy Qouhty,: Dunolsj jattde
the close of the war. Kabler said
thochitd was not over two years
old, wutlthat ber vaine-awas Budips
the’gurmame of the “little thing ho
could not romember. After Kabler
went to Illinois his wife died, aud
the ohild was given iuto the care of
‘Mr,Barges, with whem shv hog ‘re
mained ever: since. She is now
about thirteen years of age, bas
blue eyes and red hair, regular but
whore thera was but
‘Wis. Burged thinks that thé cil
was stolea from near Nashville,
Tenn. Sudie thinks that she was
au ouly child; when swall she talk-
ed over the river,
thatsoldiers came to
aud took her father away, singe
whidh event she liag not seem bin,
“Wesley Cashmén wrote * froin
ahvitle relative tothe child, stp-
slug itto be a daughter of his
sigter in-taw, ‘bus, althogh a plo.
sponse bas been receivedsoode mat
juamed Prodman, in Clay County,
ikept the ohild- Jawbile, qd his
‘daughter scems to kdow something
other from her statement. ‘The
smallestdresa she had when with
them .was g@\caliéo, ‘sigall figafad
auil purplé siipposed fo live been
worn by ber when abe waa stolen. .
fTt muy be that the child was real!
ly stolen from near Nashville, jadg-
ing by tho girl'a statement in rem
ference to anannt who lived “over
tho river.” Wo trust that these
mect the eyo of rome
on. the child, and..tbate
trough their inytrumentality the
trent perhaps not leas than one
hundred thousand majority, His!
ey seeebal partisans chaita for bran that!
ACS Se ee er ce na
the Miya an P Boeke bat
edla good deal about antauntevho liv: |
Sbe also says)
their house |
Ftograph swasinene ~t- ~Hitny tere
berg dud tke oWarth bad
eum of the treasery, #
| pind pay for tee partic
Hisay dew metal reeled |
Thee Mets ppeah Gehan
vEgUIL UL Unie werthy gowt
‘The revival which haa
progresa at Keokuk, lywe
Pant served weak, tose!
evening with a Quilon ip
tha Preapytertan Charet
wab very largely attoude
Mork haa nut becu auapons
“any lack of Iutorest, but f
ffettzue on tho part of thos
Jn it, early 200 meat
Abe n bold alnoo the reviv
4 | auf the numberof aotaal
Na Jadrye
hably catimated at tre
300, bs s
In a lotter trom the
Norfork, asking ald for the
Gorman priests, which apy
Wd Landon Tiines, Janua
in stuted that’ the recent
Jaw by which the State, »
withbeld from thoso pri
reluse complianes with i
has withdrawn the sum of
from the Catholic Church |
The number ot priests wh:
jes nro thus citt of, cithe
orin part, ig given by |
authority, a8 about 10,000
% * sample ig given of th
thé revisors of the Bib!
from Iasiah, EX., 6. The
version reads thus: For
achild ts born, unto us
given; and the governm
Le upon bisshoulder ;.and
shall be called Wonderful
or. The Mighty God, °
lasting Father The Prince
The-death of the Rev
V, MeLivaing, last of the 8
Jate Bishop MolLivaiue,
nounced by telegraph a
ago, Hle was educated +
| College, Ohio, which was,
time ln chargo of hiy fat
iret charge was the Trinit
Buds
Philadélphia,.. where, be
until June, 6-.of the .ea
when he received and- ne
a call to the rectorship of
Church, Norristown, 2.7
severing his convection
cburch he traveled" for 3
iu Europe, and on ‘his 1
went to Obris’s Chureh;-'
Pa, which chureh was
charge: when ho died.
married toa daughter ‘of
Lee, of Wilmington, Dela
lost ous may be'restored to her par.
enta,
provides |
ying 1. Jer,
soytts board and
yhavo procure
dable risidence
‘ pieties, ete, Si
AAD “nOMe'CONT EF
3 set. of general
fasuiem with a gens
yhority, Ho told me
frefuse of the city is
nto the pool of Bothos- |
Irauge to say, I wan!)
lose to the house ln.
ho barracks, and the
ig there appear not to
ho least inconvenience
'€ ita vicinity, If are
bould be made to clear
idrely, to admit pure
ind tordig special pools
bse of conducting there
hing, Jerusalem might
from any threatening
MMl the doctors in Jer.
‘ed me that the Holy
o reckoned, fram the
atmosphere, ong of the
€ places.” Sir Moses
fo skill of Jewish Ma.
Jerusalem, whereas it
d that there are no
lanies in tue Holy City.
aw watchmakers, en
uographers, sculptors, |
‘ bookbinders and car.
» he says, “all did their
| 8° “sfactorily.” A
lint. aose bands be
able repeater, for repair,
Ivery short time, into
Jer. The same man, io
his skill as a watch
layed also agreat talent
flew caligraphiat. Ilo.
Sir Moses Montetlore
mn of wheat ou which
duolusteen lines, forme
tic on the name of the
i philanthropist, ‘he
ites that he bad every
} of convincing bimsell
Ws are cager and willing
hoany kind of labor-—
or otherwise = which
for them the wecessaries
plaice then above the
charity of their benevo
igiouiats, “Sir Moses
pe grent x ‘a whieh
bya entertiined tow:
gun the Boly Land)
2, 1f possible, duybly in-
id. be emphatically aa-
thoy are deserving ‘of
_ they ure willing and
y their mental powers
lnotory nature, and all
ugh’ ‘o..render them
"he. s of Jerusalem,
part of the Holy Land,
i, to work,” and he fur-
sys that they “are more
than many wea “to
chewise nove of them
‘in alive; bat when the
i
|
|
the poyernmeut is partisan aud ope
pressive. Mississippi, boweyor (it
ig tue to Rowe one toxay), bas only
atrilling State debt. There have
been uo great railroad awindles,
Aud. thore will be..no.such -opper-
“tunities for wholesale repudiation
as was scen “in Georgia and North
Carolina when the Democrats came
into power, In Mississippi the
“Legislature, the other day over.
whelmingly republican, is now
overwhelmingly Democratic. The
removal of Ames seems to be aa.
sired, Kellogg bangs in the bal.
anes, but if the influences which
dominate Mississippi can reach
Louisiana we shall have Democratic
governors in both States within
thirty days.
Is there po danger that impeach.
ment will becowe rovolution! Do
we not find in the South, wherever
the Democrats have gained power,
a tendency to revolution! Theflog.
io which loads that way is clear ;—
“The reconstruction acts are ‘uncon-
stitutional and void.’ Everything
done underthem is “unconstitution-
al and void.’ Tho amendments
about the debt and slavery are like
the edicts of Germany annexing
Alsace and Lorraino—the edicts of
aconquoror, We accept them only
as Trance signed the Frankfort
treaty, because the sword was at
her throat, and the vandal waa oo
her soil. What tho sword makes
tho aword breaks. We aro not
bound by anything done under the
the receustruction acta.” This in
logical, bat itis notthe logic of a
sound reconstruction, It will be
disastrous to every interest dear to
the South: The country will say,
itthis logic is good in Louisiana
and Mississippi, why will it uot
apply to Washington and to the
general government! If the first
duty of Democratic State govern.
mentinithe South is to overturn Ke,
publican governors and diamiss Ke
publican judyess ifevery Lepabli -
can in office is to be ¢xpelled by the
torce of a Democratic majority; if
the debta Incurred by Republicans
ure ta be repudiated, whut is to be
comeofoar uatioual debt and of
those who remain {nu offlee f
The leaders. of the Demooratio
party and Southern mew Ike Hun
terand Lamar wat see that this
whole business is dangerous, [on
all Republican governments there
is remedy tor mlagovernment in
the ballot. The will .of the podpie
is sacred, Oncethat this-willis ex-
pressed, and .sanctioned by the
forma of law, ouly an extremo neces
ity should overthrow it. “When
John T, Hoffman was elected Gov.
ernorof New York In 1870 men’ as
eminent as Horace Greeley avowed
‘their beliefthat he bad been elect-4
gd by fraud. Nor is it bard for us
‘to aasent to thas conclusion, know-
Hauu wu wie OAGhINg OUb ly pul
the key in a barrel in the ball, but
they surrounded me and saw the
key and took it from me. They
told mo to be quiet, that they did
vot intend.to hurt.me ;-I.told- them
I kuew they didnot. They told me)
to unlock the door; I replied to
them that I woald not; that they
might kill me, bat could not make
me unlock the door. After they
had caught me, my wife came down
and thought {she would come out
and give the alarm; they atopped
her and made ber go back; told
her they were not going to harm
ino; she insisted on going out, and
Iftook her by the arm and lod ber
back up stairs; one man then bad
hold of mo and another followed
right bohind me with o shot gun.
They fen opened the door; I
could not see them to do it but
heard tho click of the lock. After
I got up stairs I was afraid they
would take out the mon they were
after and leave the door open, so
that the others would get out, and
T said to them not to leave the
door open, Tbe man that had hold
of me replied ‘we want five men.”
I beara them ask David Wilkenson
(I think they bad him in the ball
at the time) if be thought be could
bea good boy hereafter—he told
them that he could and that he had
always been a good boy. They
told bim to go back. I heard no-
thivg said by the men to Shaw, but
heard him say that if he had done
anything to be killed tor be would
not mind, but that he hadn’t done} A,
anything to be killed for. After,
they had got the men they wanted,
they said, “let that man come
down aud lock his door.” I then
went down and three men were
standing in the outer door; the
two men who had beeu up stairs
with me stepped in the door and
stood there until I locked the door,
I started to step outbut they told
me to hold on and not come out.
One ofthem told me to slat the:
door, then took me by the band,
and bade me good night. I slut
the door, ran wp stairs and got ny
gun and pistol and shot them off
for the purpose of giving an alarm,
Atabout the frst or second shot
I mado T heart'atota te the dir.
tion where Shaw wan found doad
this morning, (Witness Féfuses
to answer the question as
to whether he had recognized
any of the men.) Jim Tom
Irvin, the oldest person’ tiauged,
bad @ ring oo hie finger. Inst night.
Wheo | saw him this morning
about sanrige the ring was not ou
his foger, The boy who was hang
was named Tom Irvin. -Jim Irvin's
true name {is Jim Irvin, :
. Hueu MoCzowy,
: ' tJallor,
ee es to
aptVtn he ae
-duovdly
Stnge Lines,
>
C...Bain.&.Go’
——1ANK oF:
FOUR-HORSE COACH
Loave Stage Ofice, San Autonio
TUESDAYS, THURSDAYS AND SATI
—DAYsS—
ACTS A.M,
For Boerne, Froderiokavarg, Loya |
loy, Monardsville, Couhlau’s,
FortMoKavett, ‘Kickapoo
SpringsBondoklin
. and Fort
CON-CH ¢
Good Drivers, Teams and
Coaches.
Time to Fort Concho 57 hours, allow
eight hours rest at Fredericksburg.
[ar-Passongers are partioularly reques
to report any Irregolaritios to F.C. 7
lor at San Antorlo, or Bonficklin,
A, A. MUNGEY, A‘o7
San Antonio, Janaary 7th 1876. 7)
"ROSTERS SALE!
Warrrras, Benjamin Thomas, of X
ney County, Texas, on Augnat 21, A
1874, mado and delivered to Th. Seble
ing bis Deed of .Troat, recorded in B
1 page 176, 177, in the registry of «
Klaney County, encamboriug a parce
laud In said Kinney County, Btate
Texan, in Braoketteville, being a cor
Lot froutiog on Spring Street and
North Street, to-wit: Lot Na, 7 in Bl
No, 5, aud adjoining the property of \
Holmes, being the same lot sold t
B. Thomas by Bam. 8. Smith, (it
understood that mistakes of descrip
do not vitiate) securing the payment
@ promissory note of $322 95 oy., Leni
12 per cont interest from Fubruary 2
1874 wnat :
Whervas, aul Boojamig Thonias
failed 4upay to pay wail promissory 1
and said Th, Solleining haw requested
underergned ‘Trustue to prowwed aud
waid yroperdy 5
Therutors 1, A. Dittmar, ae True
will on :
Suturday the I8.Nday of Wat
A.D. 187H, wt publi wtery, tu the b
wat bidder for east beluye the Courth
door of Baxar Cosut, she olty of
Antouto, Berar Cognty; Texas, soll |
Premues, A good avd soffloient Veo
le Warrant; of said premises
meade in the name of sald B. Tho
nto the purshaser, 4. DITTMAR,
P . Truste
‘fan Antonio Feb’y 19, 1876. .
F ABE BRDUOED
BTITT TTC ee
FEED INCREASED!
. rr os) ae :
Finucane’ Line
Tho Stage Line from San Antone
Tinerbary in nowy rrinnine savin.
ty second ven of Lid age, »
ths back, pald aveventeunth
o “Jeseretten for the purs
bolleoting information relat.
po ietunl condition of the
iubabitants of the Iloly
se to ‘yelr capability and
out. gaye in mechanical
heral agricultural pursuits,
prt (the Londou Times says)
Inblisbed, with no letter to
ag from the lending Rabbis
alem, in which they refute
irges ot_disincliaation to
the Jows of Jerusalem
jere was % possibility of
is sufiieient charity to en.
|
m to live, Jt is kaown
order to givo a refutation
chargea, Sir Moses Monto+
termined to undertdke o
tothe Holy City and re-
nis observations. Sir Mo-
ia thut'a whole villiage has
piuted out to him which
b purchased at a moderato
ithe persons who report.
lr Moses on this subject
hat there would be no dit-
vhatever in becuring 50
id ag might be required,
ir cultivation or building
‘The Governor and Kadi
alem assured him of the
4 of the Turkish Goveru-
render every possible ass
tocucourage avy industrial
for { ‘promotion of the
pf the people in the Holy
(ue French aod American
also assured him ot their
reg to assist. Sir Moxex
lata great wtroggle may
the future between the
| or Protestant: party —
uo do not come to the
y from religious motives,
a reasons conuected with
circumstances—and — the
Conservative party, whore
‘et an going to Jerusalem
ipreservation of their tye
During bis abort satay at
it Moses Montedora noticed
ications to that effect, Sir
ves a loog necount of
erent institutions catabe
Jvrugalem for the beneft
jor ‘Phere ix a nonp Kitch
fy xociety, whore, object it
advances withoat iter:
hugpier, which provides
OF permon coming to Jer
vith’ gratuitous board and
bot be may have procure
toselfwoaitable cadence,
Ning mocietiea, ote, Nir
th hubjeet of general
fin derusalew with = gen
i mutbority, He told) me
be refune of the oy ta
led ite the pool of Bothow
by atrange to may, fo wae
i taclose ty the house la
fr tha Warrarka and the
I
yer-“*8- had mame coarer.
have alroady anvounced (heir w
lingness to follow agricultural pur:
suits,
te
THE PROPOSED [MPEACH-
MENT IN THK SOUTH —LET
US MAKE HASTE
SLOWLY,
From the New York Herald}
We foel deeply with tho South.
orn people in their troubled. We
have dono all in our power to help
ws genuine work of reconstruction.
Tho Southern States have tho ele-
ments of a great ompire., In anoth-
or generation this war “need be uo
more of a momory than the Mdisease
otinfancy to the strenuous, lusty
man, The South can vever be
great until itaccepts fully the les*
son of the war. We do not mean
degradation and humiliation, for
no one would impose these condi-
tious upow a single citizen. We
mean* common sense, This the
South lacks, ‘here are no war is-
sues at stake, That awful arbitra.
ment was decisive. War made the
negro free. Frdedom means polit.
ical equality. Common reuse would
teach the Southern white leaders
that by the concession of political
equality they can win the negroes.
Common sonse would also teach
that where there ia a large vegro
population—lu South Carolina,
Louisiana, Mississippi, where the
negroisin the majority—the part
of windom is to recoguize the negro
as oan clement iu representative
governinent, to teach him as wo
teach our inyrinds ot alieus—that
government means the election ot
good mcu to office.
This policy ot ostracism now
bears fruit in impeachment lm.
peachment isa political expedient
in Louisiana. Tho fact that cou:|
Faervative meu opporo it convinces
us that thisie so, lo Mississippi
[the ammo atato of things wxiats,
j Even as severe a critioaa Mr. Nord:
| boft, 1a ceoauring Goveruor Amen,
entirely exonerates bim from cor
‘ruption, Two Pemoctaty voted
jAgnivat (ho presentation {ol the ar.
ticles ayainat bim, Now let us con
jeede, for the sake ot argument,
that tn Louidana and Minatmaingl ,
ithe povemnineul le partioan aud ope
‘arenas. Minalaatppl, bowerver (it
taclua to nome one to aay), Las only
jatritliog Stato debu There bave
sbeen bo great railroad awiudles,
jAnd thera will be po euch oppor
tunitina for wholeeale repudiation
aawan meon to (ieorgia and North
Carolee when the Democrats came
into powrt Tn Miesieeippi the
la gialatury, the other day over.,
wbelmingly republican, is now
overwhelmingly Democrats Tha
removal ol Awnee perme to le aay
paceiee pees
{HE MASSACR:
ihaud and was backiug out to put
‘had caught me, my wife came down
wo lave seen ja the
Mouth Awerica ~the pronouucla.
mento supoefaediog the ballot. The
people of Now York, oven Republi
enna, ager that lt waa lar better to
bear the ills they lad than to fly to
others they know botjol—the ortia of
cepadiation and revolution.
Tlapubien of
Tor a
OF PRISON.
ERS AT GIDDINGS.
Below wegive tho testimony ot
the jailor of Loe county in regard
to the execution of prisoners ocon-
fined in the Lee coanty jail, on the
sixteeth of February:
“Tam jailor for this county, Bev.
erly Shaw, commonly called Pet
Shaw, the man horo lying shot
dead, was in my custody as a pris
oner-yesterday and last night till
between twelve and one o'clock. At
avout that time I heard footsteps
and Ijumped upto the window.
Just as I got to the-window a man
called me by name. I answered
and ask him who he was; he told
me bis name was Jenkins, from
Burleson county, with a prisoner
he wanted to lock up in jail; that
he was very tired. I told bim I
had been looking fora mob there
and did not wish to open the door.
Ife insisted that I should; said I
knew him; that Le had met me in
Houston and went from ‘there to
Huntaville with me. I told bim I
reccollected going with Jenkins
but IT could not recognize his volce
nor could I recognize him iu the
dark, and told him I did not like to
open the door unless | could sea all
around the house. He then declar.
ed thas Lo was all right; that thero
Was no ove about except himself
and his prisoner and guard.’ I
thon told bim that I would open
tho door, I wentdowa carrying o
lamp which I set on tho steps, and
opened the door, and the first mao
tuat stepped in I found was not
Jenkins, and then [know that 1
wae solid out, Four or five men
tusbed immediately In, I looked
at them batdid not know thom; |
tuld them that I would recollect
shew for this hersalter; only ous
man waa disgulsed that I noticed ;
hebad a white handkerchiet tled
over bla face. [bad the key In my
tha key ina barrel in the ball, bat
(bey surrounded mo and saw tho
key and took {t from mo They
told moto be quict, that they did
not Intent to burt me, tJ told-them
Tkuew they dhf not” They told me
fo nolock the door; I replied to
them that lL woald not; that they
might kill me, bat could not make
meunlock the door, After they
and thoaghtfabe woalk!l come out
wD IMromTER OF
FRENCH AND AMKNIC
Cer, Presidjo & Laredo #
Mas Sect Meselved
A full and Completa Assortine
SATS XPSSS
3—- GS Ve
‘Plasters, Laths, Ro
ROOFING TIN,.
SOL)
SHEET-IRON,
¥ WIRES.
FRESH FLOUR FROM
ST. J
FINE LIQUORS FROM
“ BORD:
‘Lime, Ettc., 3
ALSO JUST RECEIVED
360 SACKS {CC
The Highest Pricet ?¢
COURTRY PROL UC
deontly
UNE or
FOUR-HORSE COA
Leave Stage Oftce, Ban Ant
aud give the alara; they mtopped
Mer antmada her pa tack:
tol | TURSDAYS, THURSDAYS AND
i
i
es NN sacs
PHL sf
Holiday Hanging
By CHUCK PARSONS
Curtis D, and Ruth Craig of Okla-
homa City, Oklahoma, recently visited
McDade, Texas, where in 1883 vigi-
Iantes hanged several outlaws on Christ
mas Eve. ‘The incident precipitated a
gunfight the next day. The Craigs wrote
to ask what sparked those events,
MeDade is close to the Yegua Knobs
area, whore the corners of Lee, William-
son, and Bastrop counties mect. The
BLEVINS
Stirrup Buckles ;
Stainless Steel and
Heat-treated Aluminum
Satisfaction Guaranteed
NEW
Leather
Covered
1 IMPROVED
| All Metal
Fine quelty_sainlon
inal nd
era usa ro
‘Wea Aveo
i sith veel
Bente and In 204" ond
BP di with horizon
{2 pon for andor
$6.83
per pair
plus $1.25 shipping
area became a conter for a gang of horse
thieves after the Civil Wer.
‘Thefts became so rampant that by the
mid-1870s vigilante groups had formed
to combat the rustlers. ‘They lynched
two suspected outlaws, men named
Land and Waddell, in January 1875.
‘The outlaws struck next, bushwhack-
ing and killing Horace Alstup on a road-
side. In September they killed Bill
Craddock who had seen some of the
rustlers in action and testified against
thom.
Vigilantes retaliated, hanging
Howard Cordell, described as a “horedi-
tary horse thief." The area drew state-
wide attention when Turk Turner and
James H. Crow were killed in March
1876 after they were caught with stolen
hides, To “teach others" lesson, theft
bodies were wrapped in the stolen skins.
On dune 27, 1877, at a dance at the
home of Pat Earhart, vigilantes cap-
tured four suspected rustlers, took them
outside, and hanged them, C.L. Son-
nichsen made much of the incident in
the chapter “Four on a Limb,” in his
classic foud book I'l Die Before I'll Run,
In August 1883, someone shot at
George Milton in his store but missed,
and in November 1888 a merchant
named Keuffel and his clerk were robbed
and murdered, Allon Wynn, a partner of
Milton’s, was then robbed and wounded.
On December 1, 1888, a Lee County
deputy sheriff named Heffington was
Killed. On Christmas Eve vigilantes
took brothers Thad and Wright
McLemore and Henry Pfeiffer, suspects
in Heffington’s death, from the Rock
Front saloon and lynched them. On
Christmas Day, friends of the
MeLemores came to McDade, Angry
words and accusations led to gunfire
and a stroot battle. When it was over,
Azand Jack Beatty and Willie Griffin
wero dead, the latter being a bystander,
Charley Goodman and Robert Stevens
wero wounded. The problems were then
turned over to the courts but on
November 1, 1884, all charges relating
to the events were dropped.
Luckett P, Bishop, Sr,, son of Thomas
P. Bishop who was a close friond of
George Milton, authored a lengthy
history of the events leading up to the
Christmas Day gun battle. It appeared
in the July 1965 Frontier Times,
Gambler and Killer
Factual Westorn characters often find
their way into Western fiction, One such
character, gunfighter and gambler
Langford Peel, has appeared in several
Louis L'Amour books, Arthur W. Clay-
Curis, and Ruth Craig
A historic marker (inset) commemorates the Christmas Day gun battle al the Rock Front
saloon,
True Wast
nce misitniiaan peabieiutbbiteaesitis ci:
ton of Deentur,
the facts about
Langford “T'.
England, proba!
came to the Un
but he served a:
Mexican War. A
Louis, he marri
army again for:
afuil-time gam!
Leavenworth, *
‘Two years lai
Lake City, Ut:
seemed to mak:
enemies—nothi
after arriving 1
into a fight v
Rucker when t
bet, Rucker ses
Peel killed Ruc
we After recov.
California, the:
Nevada. He ¢
wounding oppc
John “El Dora:
challenged Pec
courtesy to p.
ponses, Peel rc,
before leaving
: Peel feuded
gambler, John
aged to patch 1
Jeft Virginia Cit
s00n moved to
ritory, On July
again quarrel:
Later that nig
times; each shr
Bull was save
stood trial bu:
jury could not
left the ‘area,
Facts and Ic
Arizona, have
ety to many si
with that plac
Cincinatti, 0}.
about one of i
Deal.”
Pony Deal
or Diehl) was
born in 1849
‘The alias “P.
casual dealin,
He was in Ko
Las Cruces,
was associat’
rustling gang
Kinney in Lit
Ray then si
According to
the strects 1,
White was kii
April 1993
TEXAS LYNCHING
|
|
had'a hard tiae haul-
ing cedar: logs from ~
India. to..builad his <.
tae eb
ay stich peve. |
prcte|t
EON
inted any ca
minent.
broposed wee
tld therefore
BNNs were in-
sling,
jat-on-all sales
im-
i at to
amd wok
Ae
Committee,
The
awede,
ry Smith, of
init, Thomas,
\f Tennessee,
mittee on Fi-
for House bill
marating the
b Continental
jot independ-
December
pore of att
'a,, for equal-
i State Banks,
-4
ind the rules
sion of =~
nays 65,
res.
‘ommitice on
ian relation
f Scapend the
en to pay
f ‘uly
borne va the
or‘the whole |
je refused to
' the rales: by |
he. Louisiana
‘| plication.
dis. and By which
Loire Se ibe
P“Gta thie et a0 enterpet is betbg
= eee oy ets
o8e 9 out’ tl
tees shout che hated he
rt aig neg negroes, beonent = be es |e
ee and dirty, beer Mtliemy slikeand
ith them for the ally ty
‘gay Cairo first, ¢
ill be x the Tiltnoia
Central rail foe sleeping car berths, If
this is refused, as is anticipated, then civil
6uits will be commenced against the roads. |:
Then on to (cago, application will be |.
made to the Grand Pacitte, Palmer, |)
‘Tremont and Sherman Horses for first
class rooms for tive.eath of these
the bucks oe the range of the bars,
amoicing,, Tooke, barber shope,
dining rooms and gentlemen's pariors, the
Souchen the run of’ the Balls, Herons and
ladies’ ordinaries. Then McVi *s, Hoon
ley‘s and the Academy of Music will be put
through. Then excursions will ke made on
the night train-—Pullman caré——whencver
it i gan be ascertained that bridal parties
golng or the cars half fitted up.
To incionati, another objective point,
about twenty more will be - taken.
The Bornet House will be “made
headquarters for the present; but as
on tne beg new hotel is opened ap-
eat! made for twenty rooms
Poe tesee Lenfiies.in that
coustantly during the day the bar, parlors
and sntoking-rooms willbe occupied by
these y Africans. At. night the these
ters will be visited, aod the Slecping-car
dodge will be pat into operation.
Cincinnati excursiofis « ill be made to Day
ton, Columbus, Pittsburgh and places of
that class.
¥rom Louisville parties will be sent over
the Northern sleeping car lines to Indian-
spolis. The Bates "House, Palmer, and
will in turn By Ry by these
flowers of the South. n proper’ pe
these dusky maids and Pat vi led vonths
will pay their respects to Sénator Morton,
when he shal? return to ‘that’ c¥er-inflated
city.
ido not know whether my old friends
Jils Johnson, of the Galt House, or Tom
Taylor, of the Loulsville, will be called
upon, but I think not, as one of the-movers
You will say this gort of thing will be
expensive. So it will, but ample remy-
neration is looked fer. Nay, very “h
profits are expected to be realized from suits
veainat all parties whe refuse absolute and
Perec equ ality.
Now all this you may think fs fiction,
but I tell you that it ja ae certain to be
done, if the awit rights Di] passea and ap-
propriate legislation follows, as the sun
shines.
Not only will companies be organized | penert
for the pon named, but ones are
in conceenplasion for Washington, Phite-
delphia, oston and New Yok. AL
einen they propose to trike ‘one
ark Gfty men and End titty women of |
the most repulsive character to be preeent
mele,
jority report,
and o thergamh ly mingle with the crowd
at every Presidential reception, £0 the
ran ef the hotele and én plo ‘te len dinn
WAN MA ats Wad ARIS MY UAE GU Leh
inst. An the European Powers have =
‘sep Lnvitejans to seci? delegates,
“Lotto Part a Tie
Fez has been quelled, | be
on the 19th ult.
ge tot abd reahiaye several
stores were
feskory’ The oops malt asia
Hovston hegrat vlog May 29."
‘There has been intense: ex
t in
Bell county Susie He past tro or. three
weeks, owing to the presence of s
number of “horse > thieves. Several BIE | Cot
been pereaied and placed tn the ‘Bala ial.
a attempting _ |
brothers named cuaof then re S resleted!
and was riddled iets. “Oa Monday
night the citkens, Belo. moet for the |;
purpose of te rid the
county of them, cis ai te the jail from |"
athreatened friendsof the
thieves ii ‘in. There were
nine in the jail ch: with ‘borse ‘tealing | Pommas
at Ghat ti The meeting had scarcely
meen,
and one honitred’/and fifty,’
Worn and procsotien te the jall. - They de.
manded admittance, aang ta the Be
thas - resistance be useless, and
sach ' was’ made ees wonld be killed.
an Jalloc did not ‘ resist, and
sledge. hamuner,
the : mob broke
fl door and the cross-barred iron ase, ie in
which the ming ergo
‘was soon reached. then
the entire number of . praseers were thee
down lItke dogs. Some sixty shots were
fired {nto the hodies’ of those unfortunate
men, not-oue of whom was left breathing.
Father and sons, and brothers,-were mias-
sacred in that small den te nly twelve by
twelve feet. names of those kill led
ting his wife in “Coryell county mat a
is wits ‘oryell county;
famed Orone” borseaten mar Winseld!
Bence on robbel ion “ep onaldeon,
horse-slenling,J. "T.MeDonalison Atather
assault ‘with fatent-to Efll; Win. F. Sm
a prisoner from Denton; ‘MeCowen,: Boree-
ttealing; Henry Grimbles, murder; John
Dailey, alias #denandar, andar, robbory of store.
ea Aipameas paper bay: says: “The
000 package which: Qol. York
e the memorable joint kip of the
Kansas lature is apain engagi
lic tention Mr. Panes, the o new eee
Treasurer has recei for it, and reports
it among the list of valuable to his
keeping. ‘What ta do with if a the atlab- Ry,
uestion. York, who sand
ee as re ibe money, will have none of it.
: ie eWa Hes ator ot the Memphi
through, “tha few
ne, |S eh the langefearelope lors som f
04 Je CIOCLAU me
to aotty the Ciey Comal «|
ers aur
ae
‘ “The
the ene
Stephen McGavock, of Franklin,
bet "pending “Medical mae “ph
the past geven months, was in
idcglanthe, was cumrtered the Maxwe|
Bowe
[fr Jiptwones Jonnard and bride, retame :
last evening from Louisvitie and Cineinnat
In_ the former city, they wete.the guest
of ML Kean, Esq., of the ania Hote
ra. Theo G Meier, EW. Marm:|
Wa. P, Sryocy of 8 of St. aterg
Payot xe con Wik owlens: of
were a ie Nashvilie fect do noute to sonar
‘onvention at August.
oie vaya le uelegitiog ‘tothe hoy
nge vention at agra, ic
Vint city yesterday.
SS: 2 RTC
Cantuage, Tenn., June 4—ky ob .
paper I find a short article purport! se
pees
at Carthage, addressed te tH aks
te Newspaper Union, stat E
aie Fortin malt om the 901
Shere! omewbare ont the stage Tne betwee’ =
‘Oarthage and Gallatfh. Being the prese:
-paail-carrier, I feel that it i due.to myse =
Scatiaion: “Ther re a ‘Phe fet C
ate 88° ‘was @ registered Je
f ta mated, a Gallatin for Cart 0b r:
‘s
mam of $5, ee ‘found ek 5
ti
evening ita. arrival ‘at or pear 22
office of the Postmaster, James”) C
thins, withthe largefenvelope torn'off, )e
apmall envelope, which had never bei
was ‘tevevered the aboye-amout t~
said Me McKee, ax I believe, Sees bet S
he ape prong are ace Uae tee i
office o fewspaper Unien, the
mail bad not-been robbed, and made 4)
charge ta shield himself trom the char;
of negligence and 0 injure. oe ae
werg passengers on the stage daring thee
tine Grip whe know that the mail wa by
robbed while in transitu.
AG. Guasaow.
to
fteiy Back BDUCATIONAL. vot
Conemangemomt "Exercises at Ware!
, . Seminary.
‘the Ninth Annual Commencement
‘Ward's Sexainacy beyan yesteniay morn
Tha exercises commenced with a Latin
lutatory by Miss Jennie Claybrook, of 2
une. Interesting essays ya were re-d by M
Ida Alien, of Nashville; Miss Kittie
of Wallis Station; Miss Mary Bate, ~ $
Manhvillo; Mise «Ienbelia Binekburn,
‘Mies; Miss Bettie Cabbler,
it-whs plvent te: Xoik ad Mie Ble Coe 1
reget trnst "tor , Wie hea pelinquished sil rel! Deaderick, Migs, a] lon 1
claim tp it. Henn there. appears to % no no | af Her Rati, Ae fe, ee
eum SS, EE BN <teee eS “Nile Sallie ont
cei iatags ee Th SR are cua im a te
scomlng the watvomel So ie in u
scomlg he unioraa ogo, Gs cad of | THE Vp chapel im wt the eae
~PeKKS
yaw TU) Sfw- (156
(«GREAT MOMENTS *
KING'S RANSOM
OIL SAVES THE KING RANCH.
ne of the abiding notions of
Texas folklore is that ranchers
greeted the arrival of the oil
age with hostility, Ranchers,
the myth holds, lived in a pure
association with the land,
which was forever defiled
when the drilling began. Hostility there
may have been, but the truth is that
ranching was saved by oll. The King
Ranch Is the most striking case in point,
In 1933 the great ranch was in danger of
being broken up and sold, It was more
than $3 milllon in debt, a hopelessly
large burden considering that even In its
best years the cattle operations seldom
cleared more than $200,000. Instead of
resisting the ollmen, as Bick Benedict
had In Giant, ranch patriarch Bob Kle-
berg sought them out—at first, to no
avall; Gulf, Shell, and Texaco turned him
down, Finally Humble said yes. In ex-
change for a loan to pay off the ranch’s
debts, Humble received what was then
the largest oil and gas lease in the coun-
try. Humble did nothing but explore the
ranch for six years; for another six it
drilled only near fields adjacent to the
ranch. In 1945 Humble risked a wildcat
well, It came in, Within eight years, so
did 649 more. Oil not only saved the
King Ranch; It made it richer by far than
it had ever been, —PAUL BURKA
"THE OPEN RANGE |
iT iE
"1866-1884
apd : :
USTIN, JANUARY 31, 1884, ‘THE .,
Ac Range died here today after a
brief life of less than twenty years,
far from the Staked Plains where it was
born, It had been in ill health ever since the
introduction of barbed wire in 1876. Death
was attributed to a law, enacted here today
by the Texas Legislature, that made fence-
cutting a felony,
As befitted its rugged reputation, the de-
cedent had made a valiant fight for surviv-
al, When wealthy cattlemen fenced off
pastures and water—cutting off schools,
THE OPEN RANGE
churches, even the seat of Archer County
in the process—the free-grassers, who
couldn't afford fences, let alone land,
brought out the wire cutters. ‘The chaos
was front-page news as far away as Chica-
go: HELL BREAKS LOOSE IN TEXAS! the
headline read. WiRE-CUTTERS DESTROY
500 MILEs OF FENCE IN COLEMAN CouN-
‘TY. But the patient never had a chance to
recover in Austin, where the Legislature
was dominated by unsympathetic Fast
‘Texas farmers. Even concealment of wire
cutters was made a crime.
The Open Range is survived by the
sanctity of property rights, the concept that
a man crosses another man’s fence at his
peril, and also by the most powerful of all
the Texas myths, PAUL BURKA
A gunslinger’s fate:
he High Plains was still Brazing
I land in 1902, the year cattlemen
paid Killin’ Jim Miller $500 to as-
sassinate the nesters’ mouthpiece, James
Jarrott. The murder was supposed to put
the fear of God in the nesters and send
them back where they had come from,
But it didn’t work out that way.
‘Twenty-five families had crossed the
plains in covered wagons in the winter of
"02. Despite cattlemen’s threats of a ra: infe
war, they began buying state-owned land
that had previously been leased to ranch-
ers along a strip of grassland extending
from just west of Lubbock to the state
line, Jarrott, a former legislator who was
acting as their agent and lawyer, had sue-
cessfully defended the nesters’ claim in
several lawsuits. The patience of the cow-
men was about exhausted. They had
taken the plains from the Indians and
considered it morally if not legally their
property forever. ‘That's when they de-
43
fer (left) ends up on the sorong end of the rope.
EE SRL TT RTE TTR REN EG EP ETM ae
7
d
:
:
cided to practice a little six-gun justice,
The cowmen hired Miller, a onetime
‘Texas Ranger turned prolific professional
killer. More a bushwhacker than a gun-
fighter, he preferred to shoot his victims
in the back. That was how he supposedly
nailed Pat Garrett. As was his style, Mil-
ler waited behind a windmill tower and,
when Jarrott stopped to water his team of
horses, pumped the lawyer full of lead. It
took five shots to kill Jarrote. “He was the
hardest man to kill { ever shot,” Miller
admitted later,
After gunning down at least a dozen
people, Miller ran out of luck in 1909
when he was lynched along with three
Jidahoma ec ho had commis-
sioned him to kill a rival. The cattlemen
who financed the murder of James Jar-
rott didn't fare much better. Jarrott be-
came a martyr, and the nesters became
some of Lubbock’s richest and most re-
spected pioneers. —GARY CARTWRIGHT
TEXAS MONTHLY
coterie tan
TENAS LYNCHINGS,
"LYNCHED IN HIS CHLL: MOB RKKK ENTERS TEXAS JAIL AND CALLS NEGRO TO
CELL DOOR:. Long View, Texas, March 1), 1905-Julius Levens, a negro
imprisoned in the jail here,charged with assault upon Carl’ Anderson,
was shot dead today in his cell by a mob. The mob entered the jail
and forced the jailer to deliver the keys to the upper confinement.
From they they called the negro to the front of the cell, telling
him their idtentions.: The negro'asked and received permission to
write 'to his mother, Returning td the cell door He hee
a aa be D ~ 96 n Raalte, was
Yanaged newspaper dated March 155.1905 ent by Van R
"NEGRO LYNCHED FOR ;SHOOTING MARSHAL: Roseburg, Texas, Dac, 20, 1901-
BXYS Coke Mills, «a negro, who shot -and fatally wounded City “Marshal
Williams today, was taken from jail by a mob tonight and lynched,"
TIMES, New York, NY 1221-1901, : ane See” !
"MeCULLOUGH, Deputy Sheriff (no given name) - killed in a fight with
‘Mexican Prank! at Ganastay near Fernandez.” Frank was lynched July
28, 1882, Galveston, Texas," Undated note from Van Raalte, ,
ANE GROXBURNKXARK SRKKK : : a
"Orangs, Texe, Alig. 15, 1889-Jim Brooks, the man arrested yesterday,
charged with having ‘criminslly assaulted an old lady near here, was
taken from the guards by a mob. of about 300 men and hanged to a tree
nearby.s A perfect fusilade was fired into him efter he was hauled UD
He was an escaped KAMKX convict from the Louisiana penitentiary."
BANNER, Neshville, TN, August 15, 1889, < *
"?WO LYNCHED IN TEXAS; TOTAL IS‘8 IN TWO WEEKS, - Houston, Tex,, May
20. ~ Two colored men, one 60 and the other 25 years old, were
lynched’ in Texas towns todey for-attacks on’ young ‘white’ girls, making
eight lynched for the crime ‘in the last two weeks in this ‘state and
Arkansas, Mose Bozier, 60, was hanged by a mob of 300 near Alleytown,
Joe Winters was.’burned st the stake in the courthouse yard at Conroe
while thousands of persons, including women and chilldren, looked on .
He admitted assaulting a ll year old girl," . TRIBUNE, Chicago, Tll.,
May 21, 1922 (1) . e 1” : f
: : , é . :
"Conroe, Tex., May 20 (AP) - Joe Winters, negro, 25 years old, was
burned at the stake in the courthouse yard here this afternoon,
Thousends of persons, including women and children, witnesse a the
burning. Winters, just before the match was touched to his
oll saturated clothing, admitthd an attack upon a lh-year-old
white girl near Leonidas, The burning of Winters followed a
long chase with bloodhounds." POST, Washington, D, C, 5«21~1922,
"Columbia, Tex., May 20 - Mose Bozgier, ¥ 60 years old negro,
wos hanged to a tree today by a mob of 200 persons near
EXXAKBBKH Alleyton, after he had been taken from officers who
were holding him on a charge of an attack’ on a young white
girl yesterday," POST, Washington, D. C., Mey 21, 1922,
ao ‘ i epped 2 , Abas Z oo a
es un, ; 1 wagteaf al a gopanu 6uy’*
aegis. .gkep ZT WO OTe LAUNaD) puowMYoTy 09 peuangea pul Se, fexow
~Keoy uy pepueyoudds sem gnq Aeme ued suBAg ‘BUT QoOoYUs TOUT y *ZonbTT
ygpe gues QUBNeo pey UITUg *4sedte WUTASTsed ET TUM AQUNOD
puowyotYy Jp eTqeqeuoo. dpHsuMC4 8 “UATUE-T’d °M. PPTTTA puwegous pyr"?
“Jry ; SuBag FOZET FT Buty Jo MooUtEy pe: Oty UC EGLO BF OST): 1 %
L_eedde worg “OC6T “HT uotey {(AQuNoD pUOMYyD Ty) UOsTay Jenegg wR .
ser poees WAdoy peqnooagoets ‘yoetTq ‘Ley *gnvam, PosT@Bupygdue jo oty
eqaToadde PTNOM os GARY g,YoP pus Adoo Fou PTD BUOTUM (GLI
gel OST) Teedde Wd J. posuapuoo ST fague pie, pews! BHSMOTLG? aun
na Jje i wei 9 i ag ‘ =
| (1) @26t ‘He Aey'*sexey ‘otuoquy ueg ‘goruaym ,°8utae8T9
) “SOAUT O48 BTEOT SIO .*uoW peRssuuN £q peddtym pue qyszu 48BT
PeZztTes sem oy usym: peayeoos setanfuy wors fepoq peqp, ‘sesuo og
Uy Ucsae U4TM pus ‘Suzuostod pus Bupqgooys kq oT44K0 Supt EY
udm podasyd ouveu ‘UOSTIM IWeQTSD =) €¢,Ap_ ‘sexe, fushag, :
Wade. op Shead f 1 Bee a ,
(1) eget ‘he Se, ‘pexe, ‘olpuoguy ules “ssuuaka karva a qtoded. |
TOTTIBe Us Supguehead gust qset Umopedem seatm ou, *oTtand
8U4 04 UMoTYUN seUTZO ewos Ao Zuny odem Loyd 4ey4 ewos Jo
uotqtsoddns 049 eq 04 swees 4t gnq *Buny orem Loud spunoad
qeum uodn pue ‘qow eyg pesoduoo oym 09 se ento ou st eweug
. *seuty gupfed uo sgeerqs eyg uo Supyrom ewty sty fo uoza
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: Snoywoqgou 8 sem Skoy WTP *peqoTauoD aeaou sem pue MET o4y
989q 04 podeueu skenTe gnq Aqunoo sTYyA Uy sewTao quesegstp
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UeqTeug weg "ose Hoom B qnoqe TTeMssedy JTtous Aqgndep TTT
09 queguT. yatm £70998q pus 4TeNnsss Y4TM pe#zwyo sem UagToys .
weg. pus *4rnesse peqesursge yaqm pesreyo Tref upa' and’ gem
skey wtp. *‘Aepung Lep Te poutswem Leyg oueym esnoy-gunood
844 99 Q4¥NOUg pus BupULoW Lepreqsod ATUee puNez etem LeU
“peop edem £oyq TyQUN pwod OFLQnd 044 go syZoZ oY9 uy Suyppuegs
, HBO CATT 8 04 tegg Huny.pue Tpef ey, wouz etym grTey ew qneqe
Weud peTdteo pus’ fegtuM fuegToUg weg pue fpedotod * soy sowss
4nO peT Pus BT TED ey OAUT GXOUG pue TTef ey9 of quem aequanu ,
oud JO Ge.4noqe uey,. *weYyg 09 Zepuoduns 04 peTtedwoo sem
‘ ) Sus Yorum ‘aoop Tpef 049 09 shex e449 aoey go pepuewep Loy
‘quesqu sem ey 9eu9 SuTy *say Sq powtoguy Suzeq pue,‘aotyzel
oud: ‘Buty “7 °S tog petteo pus Tyef e494 04 quem uew pexs eu
go qou & 44sTU Kepangeg yooTo,0 ue 4nogy ~ *€z Lay *UO9 Ted
eee
ai
Lila
| Heutenant of
lletective agen-
and gentlemen;
thesa are Cap-
ak W. Sommer,
wanes Mueiyy sttale ana gibted guava
bond in Cass county district court.
‘Two indictments were returned
against him, one charging alding and
abetting A, ©. ‘Townley, ‘former
president of the National Nonparti-
san league, Willlam Lemke, ‘former
attorney general of North’ Dakota,
and others in alleged embesgiement
of $3,000 from the Fargo bank. The
other indictment charges MdaAnemy
with complicity in alleged embeazzle-
ment of $216,378 from the Fargo bank,
Eggen will come to Fargojon his
own recognizance to .anawer the
Where Machines Flourish.
Although the reporter can be trust-
ed without a guardian in » fair game
of chance, the machines marked hint
as meat drink, Ho lost most of
his nickles, and the contributions wore
made at the following addresses:
230 East Seventh street.
215 East Seventh street.
406 Minnesota street,
464 Wabasha, street,
Soft drink saloon Hast Ninth
" 346 Cedar sirest.
4 motion picture actor.
Valentino game out the following
statement:
“I was informed by my friends that
a tharriage across the border under
the Mexican laws would be valid.
On my arrival at Mexicall, the ques-
tlon of the validity again’ groso and
I was told by American officers at
Mexicait that the marriage would
be legal and was also 80 Informed by
Mexican officials,
“Decided to Separate,
“On returning to California, I was
advised by my attorney, Mr. W. 1.
meeung had termimat
railroad expoutives wer
ly in favor of asslstin
ation of business by Buc
as they might find pos
List of Gues
‘The liet of railroad ¢
yited, as annoynced 4
House, included .the fo!
dents of road:
A. H. Smith, New 17
Carl R. Gray, Union P
Finley, Chicago & Nort
B. Storey, Santa Fe} _
ham, Ilnois Central;
charges, but Sherman, the ‘sheriff
sald, has indicated he will fight ox- Giivert, that the valldity of the mar-
St. Paul road; Samui |
riage might pe queatiotied in Call-
498 St, Petor street.
vania; Hale.
bf Commilsstoner
head of the De- | traditi Hasings has received a 223 West Saventh street. Holden,
fot, aa out the to age ,gsmite| because pt niet. $e Bice ge Continued on Page 2, Cafutnn 4, | Ralph ‘usd, creat Ne
i ro!
p'tho city Mon-| “Those arrested previously ate Wil-| 492 Rice street. Undervrood, Brie, 8.
H . liam Lemke, George A. Totten, Jr.| And one Sibley street bartender was Satinare a Oar pat
yor Wells, former secretary of the Natlonaljso genial that the investigator forgot
Southern, and Edward
high Valley, rar
Also invited were ¥
Howard Eliott and Jul
nitt, respectively, chal
boards of the Union Pac
Pacific and Southern Pa
ward Chambers, Dow 1
of the Shnta Fe, and, dt
director of traffic sonst
ministration,
SLURS ON DAUGHERTY
LAID TO PROFITEERS
Thomas B. Felder, Former As-
sociate, Sees Effort to Block
Nonpartisan league and Lars Chris-
tiangon, former officer of thé Scan-
dinavian-American bank, They were
arrested Friday.
moral righteousness of the contem-
plated expose, and he didn’t drop a
Heke into the machine standing
tHEho alot machines bring patronage,
there was no doubt of that. ‘The hub-
bub of voices In places where the ma-
chines wera operating mada it ap-
parent from the street that some spe-
jopaign has been
iformer Captain
nt conceded a
: Twice he has
@ police depart. !
|. the position of 3
marshal to en-
ent. Less than
discharged by
xen chief df po-
lye undercurrent
At against him.
er cent of the
jis against him,
that his ap-
of ratification
ptain Vall and
Sommer have
lor the position.
have headed a
[elect Nelson, to
Dot
Sppesttion with-
ue co-operation
and the Minne-
3 not been ex-
|uembers of the
desultory, Carr
In tha cholco of
Others have
inin ‘the. depart
3BING DEAD.
‘6 Taking Ring
nteased he stole
\ the finger of
‘erritt, who was
to overturned,
In tho car with:
0 REMAIN.
for Trade Board, but Think
Ohioan Not Qualified.
(Ploneer Press Washington Bureau.)
Washington, May 20.—President
Harding today withdrew from the
Senate the nomination of Dr. George
‘W. Upton of Warren, Ohio, for mem-
ber of tho Federal/Trade commission,
The nomjnation/ of Dr. Upton was
sent to thetSenate some months 880,
it is said, was in compliment to his
wife, Mrs, Harriet Taylor} Upton,
prominent suffragist, and vide chalr-
man of the Republican national com-
mittee In charge of women's activi-
ties,
The interstate commerce committee |
would not recommend him for con-
firmation on the ground that he had
no special qualifications for the office
and the President was advised to
withdraw the nomination rather than
to have it turned down by the Sen-
ate, Some senators said theinomina-
tion smacked too much of ‘as ane of
a political debt.
Mrs. Upton, who did so much work
for the Republican party in 1920, is
understood to have declined to accept
any public office as a reward for her
servicer,
However, it ia said, she aia let the
President know that a Federal place,
such as the trade.commission, would
be acceptable to her’ husband and
highly pleasing to her, The!commit.
tee, it {s. said, would have teen glad
to approve the nomination had {t been
Mrs. Upton instead of her ae
Don't
Texas Mobs Take Swift Action
Against Colored Men.
(By Astocisted Press.)
Columbus, Texas, May 20.—Moss
Bozier, 60 years old, colored, was
hanged to a tree today by a mob of
300 pereons near Alleyton, after he
had been taken from’ officers who
were holding him on a charge of an
attack on a young white girl Friday.
Youth Burned In Texas,
Houston, Tex. May 20.—Joo Win-
ters, 19 yearg cid, colored, Identified
aa the youth who Friday attacked a
white girl near Leonidas, Montzom-
ery county, was burned to death tn
the court house square at Conroe,
this afternoon.
EAT SHOP SAFE CRACKED.
Crackamen Enter Building From
Fire Escape; Loot Not Known,
Sledgehammer crackamen knocked
the combination off a ante In Eat
Shop No. 3, Sixth and Wabasha
streets, Saturday night, escaping
with the contents, the value of which
will not be determined until George
M.-Staughton, manager, can be notl-
fied.
‘The ecrackamen antered the Eat
Shop rooms through a second story
window, which waa reached by a fire
sacnne from tha roof.
robbery was discovered shortly
before Penldnight. by Joseph Itinen,
watchman.of the building.
Eight Relief Banks Stolen.
Eight collection banks. distributed
by the Russian relief committee in
Minneapolis have been stolen within
Felder, former Georgia attorney, to-
night {ssued a statement in defense
of Attorney General Daugherty,
charged by Senator Caraway of Ar-
kansas with having been closely con-
nected with the release of C W,
Morse, New York shipbuilder, from
Atlanta Federal. penitentiary in 1912,
Senator Caraway today told the
Senate he thought Mr. Daugherty
should resign his post.
ean Felder stated that ke bad learn.
that a number of persons and
Sug firms who violated laws during
the war with war contracts were
interested In a schema to discredit |.
the Attorney General and the De-
partmicnt of Justice in an effort to
sidetrack movements to bring them
to punishment.
Calls Daughterty Unswerving,
“The Attorney General," he stated,
“is not the type of man’ who can be
elther deterred or intimidated in the
discharge of of his duties. No indivi-
can influence
legree,
“Several dayg ago I addressed to
Senator Caraway. a communication
in respect to my employment to rep-
resent C. W. Morse im obtaining his
release from the penitentiary and
also in certain divi matters, It
seema that he has rend into the rece
ord what he designated as a phoo~
static copy of a contract Morse made
with me,
Paid With Stock.
* Mr. Felder tonight told-
sentative of. the Now. Y
teat'he nad. been pold ncaa oud
in stock, which he. now considers
wernment, in private or | ent.
ie him in the
| “unethi Continyed P; 2, Column 2. i.
carry ‘iia a UPTON NOMINATION » X = War Prosec! ne Lac Cannot &
: ‘The Interstate Comm
‘lice department
[iM not get tho | Senators Would Confirm Wife ONE H ED. | sew York, May totnomas B, | 0h has before it more
representations of ship
rate
dent Is aaid to have bee
gal requirermenta laid or
sion will not, In the of
of {ts members, alow
tions to be enforced by
aes Legally the com
‘e railroads @ reason:
fale of thefr capital in
EDITORIAL MEE}
Associated Press Corre
deasses College |
‘The annual conventior
ern Conference Editort
closed with a banquet
nesota Union on the ¢
University of Minne:
night, M, Mf. Oppel
co nd
aie
News Gathéring,”
the time of Julius nes
lege trained mer
dominant newapaper
ture," Mr, Oppegard to
editors, about twenty
tended tha banquet.
journalistic education
caneey on of ‘ethics, 1
lary and greater perspe
Oppegal
per, prof
without college edocas
ly will continge to -‘n
“a put off till tomorrow the
0. — Sooretar/'| Want Ad that you can ey my today, | twenty-four houra, according to Doe the fee which. | BENSDADEE, work, ft wl
nce: with Presi |- “| made, Litee, Chariea ‘W. Morse had contracted to ie
bnt a cablegram
autos? _.M. Retlaw has discovered
ear je thereon
Clare Shipman to
verse. Page 2, Boe. 2 a
YOUR -RADIO PUZZLERS ANS.
wered; wireless construgtion work
detailed; programs of ‘the week
forecast. Pages 3 and 3, Sec. 4.
i.” Page 7, Sec. 4,
BERTHA MOLLER, MINNESOTA
* chairman of the National Woman's
, party, is Preparing for a new tray
for women’s rights, with a law.
sota, Page 7, Sec. 4.
ANNOUNCING E COMING OF A
course at the Univeralty of Miine- | tons
RESIGN, 1S DEMAND”
ON ATTORNEY GENERAL. |
+
tween Attorney General Daugherty,
ran 3, Felder, former Georgia ate
advantage of college t c
“S285 | SOME OF Tg"BIG FEATURES TODAY |ntatine nesses aie.
pee F : 2
iat ca tent DAY | postsptay jz suena, 2, oud
tintveraty ot ot | WHAT HAPPENS>¥O THE HUN. into the nielfing pol in the Univer seneatto mceept te ee
“dreds of thousands of idiscarded if Minnesota’s school at Hop © Larue!
:|| TODAY'S ORGAN
‘The program for t
concert at tha Auditor
| LsiPjlgrime' Chorus.
ThAAS LYNCHING.
My gts [Ube Lovminet Welw tres fs 1a eloeal, meee 14
te drget dy the RL Raw | here pie remitted over] bibtoteg HC Steamer on tha}
sane wiih, Be tape ah Oe riled nul orranse t i
Oy) dL at for speeded
yee ic ne ok alent Gaui wit
Bote people nt bus vet ante
The uk Gb S fte onbadsleat aw
Pivee af ek eed here
Bae miercag ph ol
ier? Neil yy oe
UDEV as
vik
spact br focal Tisthry
Loete eos ine te Guaherys
tober, wloyd of
rihud T derer uf
akroorl with! Soh we
al Me, Sthwkb dene
auf Met ebtit. pot
hwo Men Audis 1
JAMES LOWS, NEY,
Teotrhe stern phere er able
mb oths ceventox. W
We Ct Hartigan de 80
wo Usha orcrack
shtyeded AL ka gane
frenvain, at pe REVO die pat
at time Ho owhe fend te we
f Robert le tfleit wir
el anad otfors on p
ye steered Urs
y the pther yy,
4 pohning eo
ono tye
Chen caer
une of: the
wiviyy A
fe ane to
Wlianes’
i Set dn Esk 4
Ge Hebrags cori t
E Upton, Chan fot
winks when He
wild
Let
vs vee dy raantte the Jat
Het baatur cette lal is gtd oe the
strongest nthe wba an attack an It
ford the werhal of the troops is pore
hablo Ar Shae the mob serrevnded, 638
hat abel were galthug for Wiillama
Jreeke | Mr Mol 4
feessinegajjot nm Taw
ty Ue Meets aba
Wy antaed gen
Mestivy dre!
stuns of ane |
Ted Ctldnes of fhe Laity |
Potlayedan ) ree tuk Ag (he |
SpesHous tt nr ceifwied: ctty
we are furged thu
Ite to you wur noy
prewar or the Inet
qut may have been {ht ariev
aployes of the (lbvetand
yo Compiny', pp [rnc or
Me been your Frmpabhy for
fier the outrages [hit have
i teal, aetipr tin) er girtccng at
[ats ot Cloveland 4 so KUDe
i q
|
ep Ui crew,
Joveva Killed By dlghtaing.
gp. CLarih MINN. July 8 James
1
|
i [KEEPS THE SOUTH BACK Meer es el Aa
|
i the tran
phetiat he inten ©
Oe OCS ae ue Uadted Bt
glonef general’ 9°
ywers Lo expand
t this port +t 0h
nur parth, wher
int ayt false tee
jaaete of spselal |
il al erjury
ny Meal weeney! 1
Vigic
ning we day a niger Of Stade “Verne
neepuuiity te Tite and Property | They wete fect tha pede aban |
Vian it-Lynehings votpat Hghtaing prrurie thb
Ho danger to Jite bad prop-
a followed Infler ¢ oli
a he-eosattinited ebay fon dete
daered duty oy r¢fot you
weerp magitged: to ba nary:
i
i
©
i
ny Sa ea ot the holise.
| Faotors —§ p=
\
ATHANTA, GA —The southern JSUED AN, a TRUNGTON |
\
i
Indus: rial Inague own Qi donvention af
yh
Me obligations tay Abie tty: ay t dorgant of al
Thaw end. to youelely ud a FL B, Thurber ! nota 8 ch ot Pirimbargh Wrevents Ae alin
eee en egieys Lot Rue “Yorks wito Wonton Phe progr | ane Combobtdaced Invedtngeat Co. Lae shh foetracy
t
i abe waters of
thw whbet wuld
i Httle ag
Frou! Soti{hus Bropeiity.
ohn EE pee, E waLe NO) BARR ERSBERG W.VA. duly
the foliowlng: # \ WApaciat os Upon agiplie ite Of Ratily fh
obidael fo southety bass thi smith ie Dituebungh, Aldee dakar ot
A that wr bud dhowwn the rn Develop:
utd now be
i athebte of elt-goMeyinmg ne:
[alan warOihare how enfl qiter
ys
!
i
i
i
Faltted. cul ed, okt Mere |
Tiberty ovis, kop, Get |
i
1
i
'p
kobe ha" Bomg mtn ta
lead. ft.
appen{e tome, is the daprestio (AGH E | te : ware a stil
Lhd spponarty wre nut mite th thagsoutt [thn United States fenurt sate Iie | hh nie
Wet ty AM be dite boo rhe: Crequian( afteay,
natal! happlp Ree
ahaa oe Uh: tll yun
vn Iunetion ageinbe ths
tee | fton newt ab
painted Hon. W Tage
dud. Hilton ssn a Pttetanr
leh pipe Lamticae
cient there, lawkbg Woe t
ing there |} Me not think}
fe dadiee suetieaags Aneesh pcg 'atvan of whien "a fwhaBh wrestne at ompanny ed th 1
Ting tebaltinn redo fle tre | UP ante Me Heme ages RRS Mt ae re .
Gee Matle ejd bpapty ree | MEANY ‘i vals. 2 atl Sarmiver Crtrcppany de ECKELS of.
oPeytle tgeraeiged UP tha mets he paper sabi OTE Is mul. trot ‘uapowing. e pi dnesd
aya The pottig
if Democ}
armpit La qidled dut! to pea
he rate thine of durbdity: tus
epmimnunity tt Hhnger.
‘sf [eter parplyze ltore
we Mortals. OF n site
ane (as
net nan quan qlitfe appreciate |
ronditions,} amd what he i ila, une | waa incorporated: ander the bows of WW
iv ba May errhimatanens To peotede Mhowe | Virginia several Sedre awd, witty thy tiie
ns Varner of) {nett s tound dearest te ih Se ety | Sate in New Yori. Surly in isis the
‘ Gop! sand” Cows ish: ql ur on-one paint and cif ta that the | through thatr rgenps, catered bite co
Alte sour ude to Holt, your \ Chitaelive nwpon 4 ¢ re Lenk rinag tn Ue !
[ptiente, to qoar church anal | e pang ity ca P nig Wy
Pte ‘ ay the Impulse of a mht
Tr ja to luphokd the civil ‘the Juwer elusuen, Poth
Wr NO) obeht! to gee
8, :
Phe Consolidated. Unvedtinent Company |
NEW win]
V gx-anntendts a
etview berinte
treet tithe Rellin (EO Mpndsh oe2 Piru Ere te uatortin
rah, Mra had lub tract et coal ahd | fyi Despont:
Wetetet county, ted
y The contrat
hand,
1
Ve dena Pt
0 Re tora Re B
F tly ext . ri shoul franafer the domuech Be
[Ho mob vidiene Hheehaw a | teen" | roperty ere et eased | Cebked arantlcn
acreage Soa utente if /8F + hy stackh le pens vem) fina remedying ¢
al are 1d ORL pany sb! he ent Con) and had s lend
rioalty han "Srl Single AYNGHED fon CHURCE Laren, Company, | W(t natal ot AN pate eommuenc
ho ara. ti rbing the miiar cand a halt) 08 of which was | pp tas ut the ete
je Words gf the Hexny Mop Soou Tek!
il be eabject! ith) hy Mekre-
oe bb ne ripe co droks, rErx., uly 424
a)
| clave. afdained. af|||
fire, We UAT. reqistjth tne! Me
Remembdr
to be pald Amith: fpr the: property 0 Hest the
na pew company, ss formed and | bs a Nadgely
}-Burnd two q a es
ius gonveyed tip bend and Wt tw edd
; he baw tor th]! } ee
ug} pelo wan lyn & din Gelmes | ydiiig the $000,000 tnjstook | He wag: for: 3 o!Y) pako
2E5 5
5
8:
halt by the cpmypday,
ti hight a ch at Huqua | tol apply for ree elyars ta Mecoved hin profi’ iu
veth the atdinante! of Ghd. | trabeie w i :
* 44 burned by an i dlaryywus | artypor have the contrac tulliled, H
va Bias a Senet & tee ton felt 2 Joun ant Rad 1d samilton, ss Investment compank fe Riven prom: [Mati ‘Stemmer
ee only ore) ba isublert by po | Anpnee! by vensdn df the herrensiel of its rte M>
} [rot only for wri ie fir | We riier. tory and. kodnold Ghent pety. Me
H
Fray, | |The ttt Hani with | Geat ie James M. |Eouet #4: (eeustirer \-
may be pat Alm neck, he cdpfepmed ‘that | 6 ef the Calted States, A ring th dlede- lls. sostk
(i
R ara in” or
4 Jobe burridd tha ohurch, Jot an found |'tors are ex- Gov. Tiving: Jeorg! ‘hearer Lulprké
r ie 4 ar + te Oy tA | ut ats fo ie i) yea a demund | Afuintatt Secretar il, far | Matkleuch " eee ent
CH p for co una | {py Barre ft ‘puc! at Rear fonateat ate elt, “Gen, DB. pepotle na mm
: a w Gi oF Mt Lae Pea andl | Bt nev F. Pe ou ake a eli err ne
" ‘ . ic 0d) ae ait inter, oat :
ie iy we hojeny dl burl ithe” plaints aprthanes
eat ti rohty berio4
righ and 1.) PhOkees
cidimuthr, at hag which a!
se
u
efit eb “anode je tribula= ea ‘4 i 4 Piruhb:
a Peetted: the mahn| p recaptur| day. at and Ati armen: i. MoCreer, of bias
opie Batra . No fusther fouble $6) @x-1]/W. Kuna of Knoxville, ‘Tet
jthe hrehel gan th if Tr lyndhiny, pluuit will be tustituted in N
« God, deep e ay ' Wieeked the ol
o Thee tn. Ub he AL pak uRBERIRG) WIV AL July tf.
try a ey phim be- : 70 Tu £8 \ ED. i] ddpectal.. A sdctah commit apiotired
1 he hone : oa i] by the «tty: cxmufelh to con: aay Seng
nil ‘ tell xin cof granting 4 frene! Akh |
wohn's Parkirstprs | & Marietta 1 We. UO
ih Thee. | ray
Teililutione Wad | teeny eRe ‘
eo ufo
. } reported ¢dversely nd i
atgtars|| S mpuny, Had rep + fe ha the
“nbn rauiee ph a
i
r ft electtia toad
Pie sition Prenpdoru wbandghed. |
mond
city.
Coopel “=
the Key of
IGALION, oh idly! 26--M a
ehthred Hof David
ae Th eee
er oe gael
npough DY
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Kitfost - “Theeht and
bate
a ride
en ante
ry
th t Canvewitel
fhe burelarel| wr. He een
Mis bo On F9D1! tue concent
he
is * cre ee Oa work boy. tor) 22 fe tant
| Agen s+ yh thd old man orkid) Bat. Toubet at
oiitipa nil toni to hhiGtone Mind unlogiked!| upor! t
age
Lyset es ee . TX
o Wieenicks ¥ ie
skims Hunt for the Wardick Gang
| eventy men’dled in Goliad and|. ———————————— through Goliad. Freighters by ocoupe-
; 8 G occ nue By DAVID F..CROSBY tion, the Wardicks ran off the Mexicans’
i apy of my gone the “Cart War.” of 1857, Most © -———__—_—-----—_oxen at night and cut the spokes of their
| a7-1900), also were Mexican eartmen’ whom outlaw inen monopolized the lucrative freight cart wheels, Later they turned to ateal-
; aber Oabora.? “cart cutters" gunned down, The rest trade by underbidding locals. Texas ng loads.and shooting Mexicans.
Hl n featured her in were cart cutters themselves, many freighters thought they could not com- —_ Prominent citizens at first encouraged
| ealeen mee hanged by vigilantes. Among the most ‘pete with the Mexican carters, who lived such. raids, but, were appalled at-the
: tora, Mexico, notorious of those cart cutters werethe like gypsies, so they began acampaign . wanton thievery and murder that en-
El Paso in 1894, Wardick gang. =< to drive them out of business. |, sued after they told lawmen to look the
A Avon wbiee ‘The Cart War erupted inthe summer The Wardick brothers—Nick, John, ' other way. The United States"Army
| Meas SonFrem. * over freight prices from the seaport of and Bryan—were particularly aggres- sent troops from San Antonio to escort
| Tam particularly Indianola toSan Antonio. Metin ear sive against Mexiean carters passing Ionds with govennment supple, and
aiscences, letters, :
ee eee: Mayor Briscoe and Best cut the men down, leaving the nodses around their necks,
160 Grant Place, and carried them back to their cell. They laid the men on the floor—a cruel gift for. -
on
their sister, Katherine Jones, when she brought them breakfast: .
aly) and 6
% OST,
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a
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an to the
ater wet the
return the
crawled to
iped out a
ate
fo it.
wee captured
swt. The vigilance
own trial in broad
anging tree in the
ar the testimony of
nd Browning were
hen led back to the
iscoe and Stephen
or of the vigilance
p to the call door.
candle in his hand,
They looked down,
ill sleoping-on a
st
1
8 the floor, and
a kick,
\p, and Best told
if they wanted to,
anminutes to live,
aing ‘prayed fer-
tocurse the mayor
was up, a guard
st and helped lead
the hanging tree.
ed Wardick and
«
without fanfare.
Best cut the men
oses around their
1em back to their
an on the floor—~a_
sister, Katherine
them breakfast
ged J. Gus Patton
ver the bodies at
~ oning, “I never
“anyone as I
tus poor woman,”
True West
Soon, Dr. John’ Page, a wealthy
farmer, an another posse captured
John Wardick and a Mr, Goldman in a
little house in Pecan Mott, The men
agreed to surrender without a fight after
Dr, Page promised them a fair trial in
a regular court, ..;
Instead the vigilance committes tried
them and quickly sentenced them to
death, At 8:00 p.m, committee members,
Jed Wardick and Goldman, their hands
bound behind their backs and hoods
covering their heads, from their Goliad
jail cell to the Catholic cemetery, where
‘@ hanging tree waited. A plank betwoon
two flour barrels served as a makeshift
gallows, and the ‘vigilante escorts
tricked the hooded prisoners onto the
board,
John Wardick, probably suspecting
the truth, asked Stephen Best to remove:
the kiood so he could spit. When Best
lifted the hood, Wardick looked at the
crowd waiting to watch him hang and.
spotted Dr, Page, He cursed the man
and offered to give his three freight
wagons and eighteen oxen to any man
who would release him and give him a
shotgun to deal with Page.
Wardick conducted himself bravely
‘until he realized he had no chance of
escape, Then he shook uncontrollably
until his knees buckled. Several mem-
bers of the vigilance committee propped
‘him up, then hanged him,
Besides the father of the Wardick
clan, whom the vigilantes considered too
old to be a.threat, only one male War-
dick, Bryan, remained alive. The
vigilantes began to hunt him down,
A_ POSSE found Bryan Wardick
gambling in La Bahia, the Mexican sec-
tion of Goliad, The posse took a shot at
Wardick, who ran to the San Antonio
River and jumped in, The water wet the
caps of his six-shooter, and he could not
return the posse’s fire, Mortally wound-
ed, Wardick crawled to a sandbar and
died. Posse members scraped out a
quick grave in the sand and rolled him
into it, The Merdick men would cut no
more carts,
Other eart-cuttare met aimiar fates at
the hands of “Judge Lynch," many
beneath the same tree where Nick War-
dick and Browning had died, It became
Inown as the “Cart War Oak,” By early.
1858 the “cart war” crisis had passed,
‘Today the Cart War Oak still spreads
‘its powerful limbs across the Goliad
county courthouse square, Instead of a
gallows, though, the tree now provides’
friendly shade on a hot ‘Texas day,
AWS
November 1992
tie
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a
The last mob lynching
‘HELM
Central Texas town recalls ‘Santa Claus’ case 65 years ago
By MAYBELLE TROUT
Fort Worth Star-Telegram
EASTLAND — At first glance, it
looks more like a marker for a grave
than a monument to civic outrage
that led to violence.
_ The granite slab at the corner of
North Mulberry and White streets,
across the street and just north of the
Eastland County Jail, discreetly
marks the location of the last mob
lynching in Texas,
On Nov, 19, 1929, Marshall Ratliff,
30, a convicted bank robber, was
pulled from the Central Texas jail,
futilely begging for his life as angry
citizens carried him across the
street and strung him up for fatally
shooting a jailer, according to yel-
lowing copies of the Eastland Tele-
gram.
Law officers were noticeably ab-
sent during the hanging, which was
rumored around the county hours in
advance and attracted hundreds of
spectators.
Ratliff, who landed in prison for
his part in the “Santa Claus robbery”
of a Cisco bank two years earlier,
had killed “Uncle Tom" Jones, 55, a
well-liked jailer, during an unsuc-
cessful attempt to escape the East-
jand jail.
The hanging is still an embarrass-
ment to many Eastland County resi-
dents, but some who were in the
crowd that crisp fall night 65 years
ago are now willing to talk about it.
According to reports, hundreds,
perhaps thousands, witnessed the
lynching, but none was charged with
a crime. A common alibi, according
to news reports of the time, was that
the likely suspects “were all home,
playing cards” during the hanging.
Homer Smith, 86, former clerk of
the 11th Court of Appeals in East-
land, was working as a clerk in the
“county tax assessor-collector's office
the day of the hanging.
J.C, Poe and his high school bud-
dies at Carbon High School had just
finished rehearsing their senior play
and had gone to downtown Carbon,
eight miles from Eastland, when
they heard that a hanging would take
place that night.
Smith said he, his two brothers and
a neighbor drove back to town about
8:30 p.m. when they heard that a
. hanging was planned.
~ “The crowd at the jail was so thick
we had to go around to the south ”
side,” Smith recalled. “There was
standing room only.”
The warm day had turned chilly,
he recalled, with a north wind whip-
: ping through the crowd.
; “The south door opened and they _
4
Okla. Auk.
Chronicie
brought the robber out right beside
us,” Smith said. “Ratliff was naked.
One man had hold of each limb. I
knew all the men. Ratliff was crying
and praying.”
A rope was thrown over a guy wire
between two poles across the street
from the jail, but it broke under
Ratliff's weight, Smith said.
“Someone ran to a lumber yard at
the corner of Seaman and White
streets and got a coil of heavier rope.
This time, the rope held.
“They hung him naked,” Smith
said. “Afterward, somebody slipped
a pair of pants on his body as it
slowly turned and twisted on the
rope.”
Poe said he and his high school
pals drove from Carbon to Eastland
and pushed through the crowd to the
east side of the jail.
“Tt wasn’t but a little bit until one
of the men who came to town with
me was helping to bring him down,”
Poe recalled recently.
He said Ratliff tried to fight loose
until the same Carbon man who had
accompanied Poe hit Ratliff “as
hard as he could” on Ratliff's left
side. “I never saw him move again,”
Poe said,
Unlike other witnesses, Poe said
Ratliff was wearing khaki pants held
up by a rope belt as he went to his
ideath. After he died, the crowd cut
voff bits of the rope belt for souvenirs,
Poe said,
James Wright, manager of the“
Eastland Chamber of Commerce,
said he had heard the rope belt story,
too,
“That rope must've been 30 miles
long,” he said, “because pieces of it
have turned up in hundreds of homes
around here.”
The day after the hanging, Smith
recalled, County Attorney Joe Jones
came through the courthouse asking
people what they knew about the
hanging.
“I know plenty,” Smith said he
replied.
“You do no such of a thing!” his
boss, Tax Assessor-Collector Ott
‘They hung him
naked. Afterward,
somebody slipped a
pair of pants on his
body as it slowly
turned and twisted on
the rope.’
Homer Smith, 86
Hearn, said quickly, That ended the
questions.
Witnesses to the lynching said Rat-
liff was cut down and taken to the
Hamner Funeral Home, where his
body was embalmed and placed in a
$50 coffin.
The body was taken to a downtown
Eastland furniture store and put on
public view. Finally, it was turned
over to Ratliff's mother, who took
her son's body to Fort Worth, where
he was buried by Shannon's Funeral
Chapel.
The Eastland funeral home's
burial record lists the cause of death
as “hanging by a mob.”
The beloved jailer whom Ratliff
had shot died shortly after learning
that his assailant had been lynched.
Ratliff had been one of four men
convicted as “Santa Claus bandits”
in the Dec. 23, 1927, robbery of First
National Bank in Cisco. He had
donned a Santa Claus outfit as a
disguise, newspaper reports said. A
bank employee and the Cisco police
chief were killed in a shootout,
With Ratliff were Louis Davis,
Henry Helms and Robert Hill. Davis
was shot and killed at the bank;
Helms died in the electric chair in
Huntsville; and Hill became a model
prisoner, released on parole in the
1940s and never heard from again.
Ratliff was sentenced to 99 years
in prison in one trial and received
the death sentence in another, ac-
cording to court and newspaper re-
cords, He was on death row in
Huntsville when his mother, Rilla
Carter of Cisco, filed an affidavit on
Oct. 24, 1928, contending that her son
was insane.
He was returned to Eastland
County on Oct. 28, 1929, for a new
trial but attempted his escape before
that trial began.
The Eastland Chamber of Com-
merce erected the marker com-
memorating the hanging as part of
the city’s trail of historic sites, a
spokeswoman said.
Sunday, Oct. 16, 1994
Houston Chronicle
TEXAS STATE LIBRARY
BOX 12927 CAPITOL STATION
AUSTIN, TEXAS 78711
BORMAN H WINFREY | HISTORICAL COMMISSION
TREC] AN! IBRARI
Augusg 22, 1975
Mr. Watt Espy, Jr.
P.O. Box 247
Headland, Alabama 36345
Dear Mr. Espy:
With reference to your letter of August 7, I made mention of a hanging
in Rusk County in my History of Rusk County, p. 38-41,
It is a pleasure to send you Xerox copies of the above pages.
Sincerely yours,
Dorman H. Winfrey
Director and Librarian
DHW:mm
Encl.
CHAPTER IV
CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION
The census of 1860, which was taken from June 6 through
August 11, gives some indication of the prosperity which
Rusk County had enjoyed in the late 1850’s. Twenty-one
persons reported estates of more than $30,000. The census
lists the names of those so reporting as follows:
Value of Estate
Name Age Occupation Real Personal
Estate Estate
R. H. Cumby 34 farmer $22,600 $38,000
M. D. Ector 32 merchant 30,700
Webster Flanagan 27 merchant 4,300 47,350
John Foster 40 merchant 31,000
W. H. Street 47 = merchant 34,000
Flanagan & Yates merchants 60,000
Cc. E, Hall 40 8,000 55,800
S. A. Devereux (F) 33 70,000 66,000
Taylor Brown 34 farmer 42,674 50,000
J. W. Flanagan 54 lawyer 87,940 91,650
E. H. Flanagan (F) 31 11,200 57,150
Wiley Harris 37 = farmer 11,090 32,000
S. W. March 35 M.D. 150,000 75,000
Allen. Birdwell 58 farmer 10,844 37,850
Albert Tatum 56 farmer 12,000 50,000
Willie Watson 88 farmer 9,600 53,300
John Griffin 70 farmer 7,000 46,900
John Pruitt 56 farmer 18,750 70,800
J. G. Garland 30 = farmer. 16,500 35,500
Eli ? 51 farmer 10,000 70,000
A. C. Whatley 47 farmer 6,700 37,000*
On Sunday night, August 5, a few days after the census
had been completed in Henderson, the town burned. The
fire began about eight o’clock in an old unoccupied shop
immediately behind Wiggins, Hogg and Felton’s Drug Store
on the south side of the square. The whole south side of
the square was in flames in a few minutes.’
It was believed that the fire was caused by an incen-
diary, because it was not the first fire to take place in
1Bighth United States Census (1860), Population Schedule
(Microfilm), Archives Collection, University of Texas Library, Austin,
2Matagorda Gazette, August 22, 1860, quoting the Marshall
Republican, August 11, 1860,
88
Texas during that y
severe, the total los
$8,500: was insured, !
three buildings wer
Texas New Era, edi
Star-Spangled Banne
destroyed. The Ma
All from 1
taking that e
to Liken’s co:
Church (whi
10 stores, 2 d
groceries an¢
Best accounts in
Jeft standing, and <
for the area were
goods which burne
from the stores.* T
jt was stated that |
that “it was the |
the temperature in
shade.” *
The account of
in many newspape
west but throught
appeared in the Ne
INCEN:
THE
A letter
Galveston _¢
through He:
ing last, re
discovered 1
and was aln
through all
a smoulder
that escap
3 For_an_ account
William W. White,
western Historical
4 State Gazette |
‘Times (Henderson), '
5 Matagorda Gas
lican, date not giver
Evening Picay
Galveston News, Au
7, B,. Barron,
News, March 13, 19!
¥
{STRUCTION
ien from June 6 through
€ the prosperity which
te 1850’s. ‘Twenty-one
ig as follows:
Value of Estate
Real Personal
ie Estate Estate
$22,600 $38,000
t 30,700
it 4,300 47,350
t 31,000
t 34,000
its 60,000
lew days. after the census
. the town burned. The
lan old unoccupied shop
'and Felton’s Drug Store
[The whole south. side of
| minutes.?
vas caused by an incen-
fst fire to take place in
1860), Population Schedule
‘sity of Texas Library, Austin.
1860, quoting the Marshall
in. $30,000, The census
oo
Texas during that year. The damage in Henderson was
severe, the total loss being placed at $220,000, of which
$8,500: was insured, leaving a net loss of $211,500. Forty-
three buildings were destroyed. ‘Two newspapers, the
Texas New Era, edited by S. G. and Leon Swan, and the
Star-Spangled Banner, edited by James W. Flanagan, were
destroyed. The Marshall Republican reported:
‘All from McDonough’s Hotel to Smither’s office,
taking that entire block, and from Redwine’s Store
to Liken’s corner, running back to the Presbyterian
Church (which was saved) was consumed, including
10 stores, 2 drug stores, 8 or 10 law offices, 2 family
groceries and many other puildings.®
Best accounts indicate that only one business house was
left standing, and all supplies of groceries and provisions
for the area were destroyed, including $50,000 worth of
goods which burned in the street after being removed
from the stores. The fire came at a time of severe drouth;
jt was stated that no rain had fallen since February, and
that “it was the hottest summer ever known in Texas,
the temperature in July running up to 112 degrees in the
shade.” *
The account of the fire at Henderson received notices
in many newspapers, not only in Texas and the South-
west but throughout the country. The following item
appeared in the New York World on August 21, 1860:
INCENDIARISM IN TEXAS—ANOTHER
: GREAT
FIRE
THE TOWN OF HENDERSON BURNT
A letter dated Houston, Texas, August 10, in the
Galveston Civilian says: “A gentleman who passed
through Henderson, Rusk County, on Monday morn-
ing last, reports that the town of Henderson was
discovered to be on fire on Sunday night, 5th inst;
and was almost entirely consumed. When he passed
through all that was to be seen of the square was
a smouldering embers, except one dwelling house
that escaped the conflagration. The citizens put
ag? Foran. account of fires in Dallas and other Texas towns see
William W. White, “The. Texas Slave Insurrection of 1860,” South-
western Historical Quarterly, Lil, 259-285,
* State Gazette (Austin), September 1, 1860, quoting East Texas
Times (Henderson), date not given.
5 Matagorda Gazette, August 22, 1860, quoting Marshall Repub-
lican, date not given.
¢Evening Picayune (New Orleans), August 20, 1860, quoting
Galveston News, August 16, 1860.
7, B. Barron, The Lone Star Defenders, 16; Henderson Daily
News, March 13, 1989.
no faith in the reported conspiracy, and neglected
to appoint a patrol or to set a watch.’®
The State Gazette at Austin carried the following ac-
count of the investigation of the fire:
Henderson, August 14, 1860.
... A committee of fifty-two of the best citizens
of the town and county, have been selected, have
been in close session and correspondence with the
neighboring counties since the first excitement occa-
sioned by the fire and loss subsided. . . . They believe
that emissaries are throughout the state, directly
under the control of the Abolition Aid Society of
the North, and furnished by that organization with
any requisite amount of means and money.
That their object is to produce a well digested
plan, which by fire and assassination will finally
render life and property insecure, and the slave by
constant rebellion a curse to the master... .”
The fire made such an impression on those in Hender-
son at the time that as late as 1951, ninety years after
the catastrophe, there were still some Henderson residents
who remembered details of the events. John S, Crow gave
the following account:
I was about eight years old when Henderson
burned in 1860, I went to town with my father
the day after the fire. It burned every house as well
as I recollect except the Flanagan brick building.
There may have been the Davenport Hotel left. It
cleaned Henderson up. 1 was looking for a knife—
thought maybe I could find one somewhere. The
destruction was a horrible sight to everybody except
an eight year old boy. I remember I was bare-
footed and careful not to burn my feet.
I remember what my father said at the time.
They thought a fellow named Green Herndon, a
Union man, had hired a Negro. woman to burn
Henderson. Herndon was a Northerner and was a
pronounced opponent of secession. On the Negro
woman's ‘testimony a mob gathered. They threw
a loop around his neck, tied it to a saddle horse
which went around the public square dragging Hern-
don to death. Then they hung the body to a tree
and shot it full of holes. War was in preparation
and people were in fits of anger!
8 New York World, August 21, 1860,
° State Gazette (Austin), peptember 15, 1860,
30 John S. Crow to D. W., Fel e:
Archives. On March 5, 1961, Mr. Crow celebrated his ninety-ninth
birthday in Henderson,
ruary 22, 1951, University of Texas
The other Henders
was Alf Harris, a sla
Harris recalled:
The fire bu
was a mighty |
could see a pin «
front yard two 1
there was only
Herndon was burie
Grove cemetery, nine
to some accounts, the
had given birth to a
confessed that she ‘he
had paid her to set t
a vigilance committee
his Negro servant gt
night of August 25.4
On January 8, 186:
for delegates to the
on January 28. Tho
were James R. Armst
and W. C. Kelly.
In accordance wit
Convention, Rusk C¢
Texas, voted on the
The results tabulatec
in Rusk County 1376
135 persons had vote
in Rusk County was
state. Smith Count;
secession.”
In the Confederat
Malcolm D, Graham
in the House of Re
fiember of the. Com
in February, 1864, a
lish a bureau of foréi
MAL Harris to D
Archives, On June 19,
seventh birthday.
32 Henderson Times,
18 Daily Delta (hes
i late ne
Gorse mest” W,, Wink
Texas, 1861, p. 416.
“bid, 90.
36 Thid., 90.
37 Journal of the C
, and neglected
ma
he following ac-
t 14, 1860.
the best citizens
in selected, have
indence with the
lexcitement occa-
,.. They believe
ie state, directly.
Bid Society of
‘rganization with
|| money.
. a well digested
ition will finally
and the slave by
naster... .?
those in. Hender-
‘nety years after
hderson residents
phn S. Crow gave
when Henderson
| with my father
ery house as well
in brick building.
brt Hotel left. It
ing for a knife—
‘somewhere. The
leverybody except
hber I was bare-
} feet.
said at the time.
‘reen Herndon, a
‘woman to burn
jerner and was a
i On the Negro
red. They, threw
‘o a saddle horse
re dragging Hern-
he body to a tree
ras jn preparation
30.
', University of Texas
jated his ninety-ninth
‘The other Henderson resident at the time of the fire
was Alf Harris, a slave owned by Major John Graham.
Harris recalled: :
The fire burned at daytime and at night. It
was a mighty big fire. It was such a big fire you
could see a pin on the ground at night in my master’s
front yard two blocks away from the square. I think
there was only one building left standing.*
Herndon was buried in an unmarked grave in the Pine
Grove cemetery, nine miles east of Henderson. According
to some accounts, the Negro woman was hanged after she
had given birth to a child sometime after the fire. She
confessed that she had invented the story that Herndon
had paid her to set the fire? Other accounts state that
a vigilance committee tried and found poth Herndon and
his Negro servant guilty, and they were hanged on the
night of August 25.7
On January 8, 1861, an election was held in Rusk.County
for delegates to the Secession Convention held in Austin
on January 28. Those elected to represent Rusk County
were James R. Armstrong, A. P. Galloway, M. D. Graham,
and W. C. Kelly.*
In accordance with provisions passed by the Secession
Convention, Rusk County along with other counties in
Texas, voted on the question of secession on February 23.
The results tabulated in Austin on March 4 showed that
in Rusk County 1376 persons had voted for secession, and
135 persons had voted against it.* The vote for secession
in Rusk County was the largest of any county in the
state. Smith County ranked second with 1149 votes for
secession.’*
In the Confederate Congress at Montgomery, Alabama,
Malcolm D. Graham of Rusk County, represented Texas
in the House of Representatives. He served first as a
member of the Committee on Ways and Means and later
in February, 1864, as a member of a committee to estab-
jish a bureau of foreign supplies.” In May, 1864, Jefferson
11Alf Harris to D. W., June 18, 1950, University of ‘Toxet
.
Archives, On June 19, 1950, Harris celebrated his one hundred
seventh birthday.
42 Henderson Times, November 25, 1937.
318 Daily Delta (New Orleans), September 12, 1860, quoting Hen-
derson Times, date not given.
“4 Ernest’ W. Winkler, Journal of the Secession Convention of
Texas, 1861, p. 416.
18 Ibid, 89.
16 Thid., 90.
1 Journal of the Confederate Congress, III, 799.
AL
Watt Espy
Research Specialist
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
P.O. Drawer 277 - 100 East Main Street
Headland, Alabama 36345
Phone
(205) 693-5225
ASSORTED GENEALOGICAL PAPERS ON WILLIAM WA RD, HANGED
(PROBABLY LYNCHING) FOR BEING A UNION SYMPATHIZER IN
WISE COUNTY, TEXAS, on October 17, 1862,
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