DATE OF BIRTH /, 9, Ol
NATIONALITY LD, ke
PUBLICATIONS AND OTHER ACHIEVEMENTS
LANGUAGES
REFERENUES
PRESENT ADDRESS
ADDITIONAL REMARKS
Curriculum Vitae.
I, Hermann Gerhard Leibhoiz was born on tne 15th of November,
1901, in Verliin-Charlottenburg, eas the son of the Stadtrat and
director of the Lichtenberger Wool-efactory, William Leibhoiz,
from Barwalde in Pommerania and his wife, née Netter, from
Biihl in Baden and was baptised in the evangelical Christien
Church.
From April 1908 I attended the humanistic Mommsen-Gymnasium in
Beriin-Charlottenbdurg, leaving in Febr.1919. I then studie? Law,
Political Economy and Philosophy at the Universities of Berlin
and Heidelberg till 1922. In Juliy 1921, I took the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in Heidelberg and in Nov.1924 that of
Deoetor of Law in Beriin. In addition I was appointed Referendar
in Aug.1922 and, after completing ny three years Training in the
service of the law court, was nominated Assessor in April 1926.
From April ist to Oct.1st,1926, I was employed as Assistant-
judge in Civil and criminal cases in the Amtsgericht Beriin-Mit-
te. From Oct.ist,1926, to Nov.15th,1929, I was given leave of
absence zo serve aS s@ientific reporter to the Institute for
foreign public law and International Law, department of the Kai-
ser-Wilheim Gesellschaft in the Berlin. In this capacity I
assisted in conducting the cOurse of study for attachés of the
Foreign Office.
In Juiy 1928 I joined the staff of Beriin University as RBrivat-
dozent for Public and Interna ional Law, and was nominated Amts-
and Landrichter in the Nov. of that year. |
On Nov.ist,1928, I was called to the professerial chair of
public Law in Greifswald University, where I remained till Oct.
4st,1931. Fron that date to Abril -st,1935, I occupied a similar
position as professor of pyYublic law in the faculty of law and
political science of the University of Gottingen. In this perioé
as previouslg in Greifswaid, I was director of the legal
seninare.
On Dec.31st,1925, I was ate SO aa <a, Moggeonad and from my
other officiel utiessy ~ “Té @ sense of the new
German laws. Sinze then I have devoted myself to scientific work
only in my private Capacity.
My Lectures and iiterary work have been devoted to the theory
of the state and of gonstitutiongl law, to German public law,
and also to foreign puolic law.
I am a nemoOer of the Institut de Philosophie du Droit et de So-
ciologie juridique and corresponding associate of the Istituto
di Studi legislativi in Rome. I am also a member of the learned
Luther Gesellschaft of Greifswaid.
On April 6th,1926, I married Sabine Bonhoeffer, daughter of
Carl Bonhoeffer, Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology of the
University of Beriin and of his wife Paula, née von Hase. I am
the father of two daughters, aged 19 and J.
LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS.
I, Book Ss
14.2 Fichte und der demokratische Gedanke. 1921. Vergriffen.
100 Sei tene
2. Die Gleichheit vor dem Gesetz. Bine Studie auf rechts-—
vergleichender und rechtsphiloscophischer Grundiage.
Heft 6 der Oeffenti.Rechtiichen Abhandiungen, hersusge-
geben von Triepel, Kaufmann, Smend. i181 Seiten. 1925;
dazu Selostanzeige in Zeitschr.f.Qeffenti.Recht. Bd.IV.
(1925).
3. Zu den Problemen des faschistischen Verfassungsrechtes;
H.i1 der Beitrage zaausl.off.Recht und Vélkerrecht.
80 Seiten und 32 Seiten Anhang. 1928.
4. Das Wesen der Repradsentation unter besonderer Beriick-
sichticung des Repraésentativsystems. Ein Beitrag zur
allgemeinen Staats— und Verfassungslehre. H.135 der Bei-
trége zum ausl.dOff.Recht und Vélkerrecht. 214 Seiten.
1929.
5. Die Auflésung der liberalen Demokratie in Deutschland
und das autoritare Staatsbild. 1955.
II. Articles in languages other then German:
1.
ae
Se
4.
Ds
6
7
i1.
12s
15.
14.
La structure de l’ Etat fasciste in Documents de la Vie
Intellectuelle. Bd.II. 8.420-461. 19350.
Soucasny ztav Némecké védy o Statnim pravi in Moderni
Stat. 1931. Bd.4 S.63-71. 1931.
La Formazione dei Concetti nel Diritto puodlico in Ri-
vista Internazionale di Filosofia del Diritto. Bd.XI.
S$. 259-279. 1931.
Les Tendances actuelles de la Doctrine du Droit public
en Allemegne in Archives de Philosophie du Droit @t de
Sociologie Juridique. 1931. Bd.I. 5.207-224.
Das Vorhergehende (bulgaro) in Archives dJuridiques.
Den Tyska Statsrattslarans Nuvaranage Stallning in
Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift. Bd. 34 (1931). 8.215-2352.
1951.
Das Vorhergehende giapponese in Hoégaku-Sirin. Bd. 355.
(1931) H.8. p.929-964.
Tendencias actuales de la dactrina del Derecho publico
en Alemania in Revista General Legidacion y Juris-
prudencia. 1931. Bd.1i59. S.545-564.
Demokracie a volebni pravo in Moderni Stat. 1952. _
Das Vorhergehende bulgaro in Archives Juridiques.
Demokrati och Valratt in Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift.
4932. H.2. §.111-131.-
Sunchronos Germaniké Epistéme tot politeiakoi dekaiou
in Archeion Philosophias kai Theorias ton epistgmon.
Les Tendances actuelles de la Doctrine du Droit public
en Allemagne in Revista de Droit public. Bad.VII (1932).
S. 15-34.
Democracia y Derecho electoral in der Revista General
de legislacion y jurisprudencia. Jahrge.81. Bdsi6i. H.2.
(1932) S.155-180. |
45. Demokracia és valasztéjog in Magyar jogasezegyleti
Ertekezések és Egyéb Tanulmanyok. 1955. S.239-255.
16.
17.
18.
419.
20 »
21.
Zhe
ZSe
246
25
26 «
a a
286
29 »
30.
31.
La Démocratie et le Droit électoral in Hédgaku-Sirin (giap-
ponese) Bd.35 (1935 S.922-944 und 1077-1092).
Przeobrazenia Parlamentarnego Prawa Wyborszego w Demokracyach
w polezesnych in Nowe Panstwo. 1935. vol.4.
La diffusione del pensiero fascista in Germania in Pagine
della Dante (1936) vol.46. pe3—4.
The nature of Democracy and its Outward Form in The Kokka
Gakkai Zasshi. vol.50. Heft 4. p.e28 und H.~5 p.i4 1°36.
(giapponese).
El contenido de la democracia y las distintas formas en
gue si manifiesta in der Revista General de Legislacion y
Jurisprudencia. Bd.168. Hahrg.85. pe657-692. 1956.
Das Vorhergehende in Archives JUridiques (bulgaro) TRIKE
Bda.7 (1933 p.i-28.
Demokrasi’nin mahiyeti ve muhtelif tezahtir sekilleri in
Istanbul Univertesi Fakultesi mecmmasi. Vol.2. i1956€.
pe189-214.
Istota i Rozmaitose form Demokracji in Ruch Prawniczy,
ekonomiezny i so¢gologicany. 1936. Bd.16. p.275-297.
La Nature et les Formes de la Démocratie in Archives de
Philosbphie du Droit et de Sociologie Juridique. 1936.
(1937) VI. p.126-147.
Podstata demokracie a ruzné formy,ve kterych se projevuje
in Moderné Stat. 1936. p.i-6. 29-38.
Der totale Staat der Gegenwart und die politischen Ideen
des 19,Jahrhunderts im Archiv ftir Philosophie und Theorie
der Wissenschaften (gree 1937. p.239-282).
Il seeolo XIX e lo Stato totalitario del presente in Ri-
viste internazionale di filosofia del Diritto. Bad. XVIII.
p.i-40.
La Nature et les Formes de la Démocratie in Revista de
Broit public XII. p.424-448. 1937.
Der antiliberale Charakter der modernen totaten Staaten
in Archives Juridiques (bulgaro) 1937. vol.9. p.5-1%.
Hokukun gayesi in Hukuk Fakultesi mecumasi III. H.12.
p2515-534. 1937.
The Nature and various Forms of Democracy in Social
Research 1938 V. p.84-100.
$2. be But du Droit: Bien Commun, Jiistice, Sécurit¢g in An-
nuaire de 1’Instituat International de Philosophie du
Droit III (1938) p.75+88.
55. Syndicalisme, Corporatisme et Etat corporatif in Revue du
Droit public et de la Science politique en France et a
1°Etranger 1939. vol.56. p.65-79.
III. Articies and poimted lectures on national and inter—
national law, with contributions to dictionaries and
encyclopaedias.
1.
Re
6
Te
10:
i1.
12.
13.
Art.Kabelrecht i.WOrterbuch des Volkerrechts und der
Diplomatie, herausgegeben von Strupp. Bd.I, §&.607-610.
1924. .
Art. Sklavenhandel i.Worterbuch des Vélkerrechts und der
Diplomatie, herausgegeben von Strupp. Bd.II. 5.542-545.
1925.
Art. Staatsangehérigkeit und Naturalisation, ebenda Ba.II
S.588-595. 19356.
Art. Sujets mixtes. ebenda. Bd.II. &.698-699. 1925.
Verletzung der Rechtsgleichheit. Bemerk.z.Urtenl d.
Schweizer Bundesgerichts v.18.V.1923 in Verwaltungsar-
chive. Bd.31. 5.254-236. 196.
Art. StaatsangehSrigkeit und BPriedensvertrag in Worter-
buch des VOlkerrechts und der Diplomatie. Bd.IIlI.
Die Gleichheit vor dem Gesetz. Bin Nachwort zur Ausle-
gung des Art.109, AQs.1 RV in Archiv d.offenil.sRechts.
NF. Bd. eh Ss. 1-36. 4997 .
Art.109 Abs.i RV. und die Biersteuerentscheidung des
Staatsgerichtshofes. in D.Jur.Zeitung Bd.54. Sp.1119=1120
1929. :
Gleichheit und Allgemeinheit der Verhaitniswahl nach der
Reichsverfassung und die Rechtsprechung des Staatsge-
richtshofs. Jur.Woch.58. III. 1929. 8.3042-3045.
Das -Verbot der Willktir und des Ermessensmissbrauchs im
vOlkerrechtlichén Verkehr der Staaten in Zeitschr. fir
ausl.Off.sRecht und Vélkerrecht. Bi.I. 8.77-125. 1929.
Uebersicht tiber die Zustandigksit der Landesparlamente
im Handbuch des deutschen Staatsrechts. herausgegeoen
von Ansehiitz und Phoma. Bd.I. 8.630-642. 1950.
Reichsregierung und Reichsninistergesetz i.D.Jur.Zcite.
Ba.35 8p.1349-1351. 1930.
HéOchstrichterliche Rechtsvrechune und Gleichheitssatz
in Archiv des Oeffentl.Rechts NF. Bd.19. &.428-442. 1950
14,
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20,
21.
Lie
25.
z4.
256
‘blatt 4932. Bd.53. S.21-24.
Zur Begriffsbildung im 6ffenti chen Recht i1.d.Blattern ftir
deutsche Philosophie. Bd.V. H.2/3. §.175-189. 19314.
Begriindet der in den verschiedenen Verfassungen enthaltene
Satz der Gleichheit aller vor dem Gesetz subdjektive Sffent-
liche Rechte? in den Verhandlungen des V.Deutschen Juri-
stentages in der TIschechoslowakei. 1931. V. §S.350-357.
Regierung und Pérlament im Preuss.und Reichsverwal tungs-
Die Wahlrechtsreform und ihre Grundlagen, in Verdffentli-
chungen der Vereinigung der deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer.
Ba.7. (1932). ».158-190. 199-201.
Die Verfassungsdruchbrechung im Archiv des 6ffenti.Rechts
NF. Bd.22 8.1-26. 1932.
Der Aaschluss und die fransformation von Staatsvertragen
én Italien in Zeitischr.f.Volkerrecht. BaxSSxx8xQ72KxS 50x
Bad.XVI. (1932). &.353-376.
Die Wahlreform im Rahten der Verfassungsreform im Reichs-
und Preuss.Verwaltungsblatt 1932. Bd.53. 5.927-930.
Der Junge Rechtsgelehrte 1932 p.193-195 (Demokratie und
Wahlrecht); 1933 p.305-309 (Die Adflésung der liberalen
Demokratie und das autoritare Staatsbild): 1934 p.321-324
(Zur Problematik dep berufsstandischen Staatsgedankens);
1936. p.193-198 (Der Zweck des Rechtes).
Parlamentarische Demokratie und Wahlrecht in der Festgabe
fiir Professor P.Neguleseu (1933).
Zur Theorie des Faschismus in Archiv fiir Rechts=- und Wirt-
schaftsphilosophie. Bd.28 (1936). p.570-576.
Der Zweck des Rechtes in Prager JUristische Zeitschrift
Bad. XVII. (1937). Sp.481-490. 7
Die Problemati} des berufsstandieken Staatsgedankens
(neue wiederum erweiterte Fassung) in Schweizer Juristen-
zeitung. Bd.33 (1937). ps372-375.
IV. Miscellaneous Articles.
14. Namensrecht und Personendarstellung in der D.Jur.Zeitung.
Bd.30. Spalte 1426-1428. 1925.
2. Aufwertung und vorbehaltlose Zahlungsannahme.
in Zur.Rundschau vom 15.Februar 1926.
3. Zum Begriff der Vereinbarung im Sinne des § 67 Aufwer-
tungsgesetzes i.Deutsche Steuerzeitunge. Bd.XV.
Spalte 565-5 2. 1926.
4. Juristische Studienreform und Akademische Lehrfreiheit
in »Die Hilfe» Bd.36. 8.858-862. 1930.
5. H°lstein und die deutsche Stasterechtslenhre.
in Glinther Holstein Erinnerungsheft. §.13-18. 1931.
1.
Ze
Ds
6.
8.
2
12.
13.
V. Critical Essays on legal and sociological Works.
Besprechung von Rimelin, Die Gleichheit vor dem Gesetz
im Archiv ftir Rechts— und Wirtschaftsphilosophie. Bd.22
S.489-495; vergl. auch Verwaltungsarchiv Bd.34. 5.267.
1929.
Besprechung von Emil Gerber, Der Staatstheoretische Be-
eriff der Reprasentation in Deutschland zwischen Wiener
Kongress und Marzrevolution i.Jur.Wochenschr.58. II. 1929.
§.23520.
Besprechung von Seidler, Grindztige des allgemeinen
Steatcrechts i.aArchiv ftir Sozialwissenschaft und Sozial-
Bes>rechung von Schubert, Vélkerbund und Staatssouverani-
tat in der Jur.Wochenschr.58, III. 1929. 5.5469.
Besprechunevon Mainzer, Gteichheit vor dem Gesetz, Ge-
rechtigkeit und Recht, im Archiv des Oeffenti.Rechts.
Ba.18 NF. 8.254-260, 1930. vergi. auch Deutsche hLitera-
turzeitung H.14 (1930).
Besprechung von Delos, La Société internationale et les
Principes du Droit pubdlic g.Archiv da.@effenti.Rechts. NF.
Bd.19. §$.312-322. 19350.
Besprechung von Jokel, Hans Kelsens rechtstheoretische
Methode i.d.Deutschen Juristenzeitung. Bd.36 (1931).
S0.777
Besprechung von Gerland, Der Rechtsschutz gegen politi-
sche Unehrlichkeiten in Zentralblatt ftir die juristische
Praxis. 1931. Bd.49. 8.682-684.
Besprechung von Hans Kelsen, Der Staat als Integragion
in der Juristischen Wochenschrift. Bd.61 (1932).
S$. 3754-3755.
Besprechung von Braunias, Das parlamentarische Wahirecht.
1932. Bd.I, in Jur.Blatter. Bd.62. 5.678.
Besprechung von Hold-Ferneck, Lehrbuch des Volkerrechts.
Bd.II in Deutseher Literaturzeitung 1934. Bg.1000-100¢.
.
Besprechung von Lo Verde, Die Behre von Staxzte im neuen
Italien in Zeitschr.ftir ingernationales Recht. 1955.
Ss. 166-169.
Besprechung von Stavenhagen, Das Wesen der Nation. 1954.
in Gdttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen unter der Aufsicht der
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. 1955.
14. Besprechung von KY’schenbahr-Lyskowski, Les Dispositions de
ja Loi et le Droit. 1936. p.162-165. vob.198.
15. Besprechung von Treves. I] Fondamento Filosofico della
Dottrina pura di Hans Kelsen in Archiv ftir Rechts-— und
Sozialphilosophie. Bd.29. (1936). p.538.
16. Besvorechung von Werri. Sui caratteri giunmidici del regime
totalitario in Revue internationale de la théorie du Droit.
Bd.XII. Cap.1.
le
Qe
a.
List of Published Yorks.
le Books:
Fichte und der demokratische Gedanke. 1921. Vergriffen
100 Seiten
4 Gleichheit vor dem Gesetz. Hine Studie suf rechts-_
rgleichender und rechtsphilosophischer a
lef 6 der Offentl.Rechtlichen Abhandl hersusge-
geben von Triepel, Xeufmenn, Smend. 161 = 4925; dazu
Selbstanzeige i. feitsohrift fir Offentl.necht Ba.IV.
(1925)
Zu den Problemen des feschistischen Verfassunzsrechts;
Hell de oe %» ausl. 6ff. Recht und Vélkerrecht
80 Seiten und 32 Seiten Anhang, 1928
Des Wesen der Reprisentation unter besonderer Berlick-
sichtigung des Repriisentativsystems. Fin Seitreg zur
alligemeinen Staats und Verfassungslehree Hel} de Beiw~ |
tradge zum ousl. Off. Hecht und Vélkerrecht. 214 S. 1929
Die Auflésung der liberslen Demokratie in Denutschlend
undxa@esxantoritérexitantsbirigz. 1953
In preparation
Germany,the “est and the future international order
Vhristianity and the international order
The Theory of ~emocracy
le
2s
il.
1l2e
136
4.
« Articles in Lenenss
Droit et de Seciologie Juridique. 1931. Bd.I
~ 2 wm
Le structure de l'Etat faesciste ie Documents de la
Vie Intellectuelle. Bd.II. 8.420461. 1950
7
Souceasny stav némecké vedy o ee yoers
Moderni Stat. 1941, Bad.4 3.6%=71. 19%
Le Pormezione dei Concetti net Diritto publico in
Riviste Internezionale di Filosofie del Diritto
BdeXI. 822696279. 1931
Les Tendeances saatuelles de la doctrine du droit
publique en Allemagne in Archives de Philosophie du
$e207—224. 1931
a a ee (bulgerisch) in Archives Juridiques.
BaeII (1931) 5.529~349
Den Tyska Statsrittslibans Nuvarande stHllning in
Statsvetenskeplig Tidskrift. Bd.34 (1931)
$e215=8232, 1931
Des Vorhergehende japanisch in Hégeku-Sirine Bd.33
50929—964, 1931 |
Tendencias sctuslis de la doctrine del Derecho publico
en slemania in Reviste generel Legislacion y Juris-
prudentiea 1931. Bd.159 5.545-564
Demokracie es volebni prdévo in Modern{ Stét. 1932
(He4) $693~102 Bd.5 |
Des Vorhergehende bulgsrisch in Archives Juridiques
BaelIT 1951, Se317=340
Demokreti och Valritt in Statsvetenskeplig Tidskrift.
1932 He? S.111~1351
Sunchronos germeniké epistéeme tofi politeiakot |
dikeiou in Archefon Philosophias kei Theoriss t4n
epistémone 1932 Se 345—374
Les Tendences actuelles de le doctrine du Droit
publique en Allewegne in Reviste de Drept public.
BaeVII (1932) 8.15-34
Democracies Y Derecho electoral in der Revists gee |
de legislacion y jurisprudentia. Jehrge81, Bae161,
He2e (1932) 82155+180 | |
y . ;
; ‘ : ee ee TP ee tee
L5-
16.
17
18.
246
256
26.
27
a
Democrécis es velesztajég in Magyer jogaszegyleti
ertekezések és egyéb tanulmanyoke 1933 5.239=255 |
Le Démooratie et le Droit électorel in HOgaku Sirin
(jepanisch) Bd.35 (1935 $.922=944 und 1077-1092).
Przeobrazenia parlamentarnego Re ees
demokracyach wspolezesnych in Nowe Panstwo 1935
VOl.4 De 3a 62
Le diffusione del pensiero fsscista in Germania in
Pa gine della Danta (1936 VO1.46. De 5—4
The neture of Democracy and its Outward Porm in The.
Kokka Gakke Zasshi vol.50 Heft 4 28. De Ue HeS5, 14e po
1936
Bl contenido de la democracia ylas distintes formas en
que si menifesta in der Revista general de legislacion
y jurisprudenci Bd.168, Johrge85- pe657-692. 1936
Das Witteegtents in Archives juridiques (bulge risch)
Bde7 (1935) pel~28
Demokrasi'nin mahiyeti ve muhtelif tezahilir sekilleri
in Istanbul Univertesi Hukuk FPekultesi mecmnasi
Yol.2. 1936 pel89—214 :
Istote i rozmaitose form demokracji in Ruch Prewniczy,
ekonomicany i socyologiczny 1936 Bd.16 pe275—297
Le neture et les formes de la Démocratie in Archives
de Philosophie du Droit et de Sociologie juridique
1946 (19375 VIe p-126-147
Podsteta demokracze = reizné soeny ve he! se
projevuje in Moderni Stat 1937 pel=6, 29=%3
Der totale Steat der Gegenwart und die politischen
Ideen des 19.Jahrhunderts im Archiv fiir Philosophie
und Theorie der Yissenscheften (griechisch 1937
pe239~282)
Il secolo XIX e la Stseto totsliteario del presente in
Rivista internazionale di filosofia del Diritto
Le neture et les formes de le démocratie in Revista
de Drept public XII pe424—-449
Der antiliberole Cherakter der modernen totelen Staa-
ten in Archives juridiques 1937 vol.9 p.16
Hukukum geyesi i. Hukuk Pakultesi mecumasi ITI.H.el?.
pe515—534 |
The nature and verious forms of democracy in Social
research 1938 Ve. pe84—-100 |
Le But Du Droit: Bien Commun, Justice, Sécurité i.
Anneire de l'Institut Intern. de Phil, én Preit III
(1938) 75-38 ‘
ek gS ae i
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7
— j
c™ r™ mi
. 7
ea
4 tt Se
4
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Le
2e
il.
12.
13.
i4.
~ 4 =
iil. Articles and Pointed Lectures on Neti
Law with Contributions to Dictionsries snd Encyclopediss.
Art. Kabelrecht i. Wérterbuch des Vilkerrechts und der
| paige —— von Strupp, BdeI.e $-607-610
Arte Sklevenhsendel i. Wirterbuch des Vélkerrechts und
der Diplomatie, hersusgegeben von Strupp, Bd.II
$.542=545. 1925
Art. Steetsengehtrigkeit und Neturslisation, ebende
Bd.II $S.588—595. 1945
Art. Sujets mixtes, ebenda, Bda.II $.698-699. 1925
Verletzung der Rechtsgleichheit. Bemerk. 2 Urteil 4.
Schweizer Bundesgerichts vom 18.V.1923 i.Verweltungs-
erchiv, Bde 31 $.254—236. 1926
Art. Steatsengehérigkeit und Friedensvertrag in Wirter-
buch des Vélkerrechts und der Diplomatie Bd.III
$.122=128, 1926
Die Gleichheit vor dem Gesetz. Ein Nechwort zur Ausle
des Art.109, Abse-i ReV. i-Archiv d. 6ffentl. Nechts NF.
Rd.12, S.1l=36. 1927
Art.109, Absel E.Ver?. und die a oe Seng rg ee a
des Stantsperichtshofs ie DeJur. Zeitung pas 36 Spell
1120, 1929
Gleichheit und Allgemeinheit der VerhAltniswehl nach
der Reichsverf. und die Rechtsprechung des Staatsge~
richtshofs. Jur.Woch. 58, ITI. 1929 S. 3042-3045
Das Verbot der Wililkiir und des ErmessensmiSbrauchs im
vélkerrechtlichen Verkehr der Staaten in Zeitschr. fiir
esusle 6ff. Recht und Vilkerrecht. Bd.I $.77=125. 1929
Ubersicht tiber die Zustandigkeit der Lendesparlamente
im Hendbuch des deutschen Staatsrechts, herausge von
Anschiitz und Thome, Bd.I. 5.630-642. 1930
Reichsregierung und Reichsministergesetz i. D.JureZeitg.
BGe35, Sp0el3549—-1551-. 1930
Héchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung und Gleichheitssstz
i. Archiv des Offentl. Rechts NP. B4e19 8.428442, 1930
4ur Begriffsbildung im 6ffentlichen Recht i.d. Bldttern
fiir deutsche Philosophie B4.V H.2/3 8.175189. 1931
- 5 =
i5. Begriindet der in den verschiedenen Verfassungen enthalte-
ne Satz der Gleichheit eller vor dem Gesetz subjektive |
Sffentliche Rechte? in den Verhandlungen des V. Deutschen
Se ta in der Tschechoslowskeis 1931. Ve S.350~367,
16. Regierung und Perlement im Preuss. und Reichsverwaltungs~
blett 1932, Bd.53 Se2l824
17. Die Wahlrechtsreform und ihre Grundlagen in Veréffent-
iichungen der Vereini g der deutschen Steatsrechtse
lehrer H.7 (1932 $.1°3- 90, 199201 |
18. Die Verfassungsdurchbrechung im Archiv des Offentl.Rechts
NP. Bd.?1 8.1=26. 1932 7 :
19. Der Abschlu&8 und die Transformation von Stastsvertrigen
age in Zeitsochr. flir Vélkerrecht Bd. XVI.(1932
20. Die Wehlreform im Rehmen der Verfassungsreform im Reichs=
und Preuss. Verwaltungsblett 1932, Bde53, $.927+930
el. Zur Problemetik des berufsstindischen Staatsgedankens
in Der Junge Rechtsgelehrte, 1934, Bd.10 8.321524
22+ Perlementerische Demokratie und Wshlrecht in der Fest gabe
fiir Professor P. Neguleseu (1935)
25. Zur Theorie des Peschiamus i. Archiv fiir Rechtse und
Wirtschaftsphilosophie B4.28 (1935) p.570=576
24. Der Zweck des Rechtes in Praeger Juristische Zeitschrift
Ba.XVII (1937) Sp.481-490
25+ Die Problematik des berufsstdndischen Steatsgedankens
(neue wiederum erveiterte Passung) i. Schweizer Juristen-
zeitung Bd.33 (1937) p. 372-375
Le
Qe
te
~ & =
IV. Miscellaneous Articles.
Namensrecht und Personenderstellung in der D.Jur. Zeitung
Bd. 30 Spaite 1426-1428, 1925
Aufwertung und vorbehsitlose Zshlungsannasahme.
in Jur.Rundschau vom 15.Februar 192
Zum Begriff der Vereinberung im Sinne des § 67 Auf-
wertungsgesetzes i. Deutsche Steuerzeitung Bd. XV.
Spelte 565-568. 1926
Juristische Studienreform und Akedemische Lehrfreiheit
in "Die Hilfe" Bd.36, S.858-862, 1930
Holstein und die deutsche Stsatsrechtslehre.
ie Ginther Holstein Brinnerungsheft. 5.13-18, 1931.
Qe
Besprechung von Riimelin, Die Gleichheit vor dem Gesetz
im Archiv fur Rechts- und Wirtschsftsphilosophie, d.22.
$.489-495; vergl. euch Verweltungserchiv Bd. 34 S.267.
1929
Besprechung von Emil Gerber, Der Staatstheoretische
Begriff der Reprisentation in Deutschland zwischen
Wiener Konere& und Marzrevolution 4. Jur.W¥ochenschr.
58,1, 1929 §.2320
Besprechung von Seidler, Grundstige des sligemeinen
Stasterechts i. Archiv fiir Sozislwissenscheft und Soziale
Sesprechung von Schubert, Vélkerbund und Stestssouve-
rinitat in der Jur. Wochenschr. 58,ITI. 1929. $.3469
Besprechung von hininzer, Cleichheit vor dem Gesetz,
Gerechtigkeit und Recht im Archiv des Offentl. Rechts.
Bd.18 NP. 8.254—260, 1930, vergl. euch Deutsche Litera
turzeitung Hel4 (19%0)
Besprechung von Delos, La Société internationsle et les
Principes du Droit public i. Archiv 4d. Offentl.Rechts
NF. BGel9 S.312—322, 1930
Besprecht von Jékel, Hans Kelsens rechtstheoretische
Methode i.deDeutsohen Juristenzeitung Bd.36 (1931)
Spe71L7
Sesprechung von Gerlend, Der Rechtsschutz gegen poli-~
tische Unehrlichkeiten im Zentralblatt fiir die Juristi-
sche Praxis, 1931, 84.49, $.682-6384
Besprechung von Hens Kelsen, Ver Steat als Integretion
in der Juristischen Wochenschrift, Bd.61 (1932)
S 03754-3755
Besprechung von Breuniss, Das pessamgnteriaehes Wahlrecht.
1932 BaelI, in Jur. Blatter 84.6 «678
Besprechung von Hold-Perneck, Lehrbuch des Vélkerrechts
Bend II in Deutscher Litersturzeitung 1934. Bg.1000-1002
Besprechung von Lo —— Die Lehre vom Steste im neven
Italien in Zeitschr.fir Internationales Recht, 1935,
$ 2166-169
14. Besprechung von Koschembahr-Lyskowski. Les Dispositions
de ia Loi et ie Droit. 1936. ».162-165.
15. Besprechung von Treves. Il Fondamento Filosofico della
Dottrina pura di Hans Kelsen in Archiv ftir Rechts—- und
Sozgisalphilosophie. Bd.29. (1936) p.532.
16. Bespreshung von Ferri. Sui caratteri giu@idiei del re-
gime totaiitario in Revue internationsle de ila théorie
du Droit. Bd. XVI. Cap. -
|
4 >
4. 4
7 s
/ “4
Exposé.
To re-submit the Problem of Democracy to discussion and to
re-examine its principles is of eminent impottance even for practi-
cal politics to-day,and that for many reasons. )
Above all it is necessary totne elucidate the question of wether the
trditional classical liberal democracy is the sole fowm in which de-
mocracy can be conceived as organizing itself,or whether other forms,
not of the liberal type,exist,or atleast could exist,in addition to
liberal democracy.In order to discuss tnis question,the observer must
exclude his own personal attitude,more or less liberal,socialistic or
conservative,gso too the question of the political or cultural value
tobe attributed to the various forms of democracy in existence,with
that of liberal democracy at their head,must be held firmly apart fron
the question proposed for investigation.
Should the investigation show ‘hat there are,or atleast may be, demo=—
cracies no of the liberal type.this conclusion would give rise to
two other quetions of fundamental importance.Firstly it would have
to be made clear at what point,through the introduction of autho-
ritarian forms and methods of the government,liberaldemocracy would
cease to be liberal, and secondly.at what point this liberaldemocra-
Examination of the first question -— how far liberal democracy can go
without loosing its liberal democratic charater-wou]ld presuppose an
analysis of the liberal concept of freedom: wether this liberal con-
cept of freedom has an invariable content determined a priori,or its.
content be susceptibel of modification within certain limits; and
how far in a given case,this concept can be more exacly dtermi ned
(interpreted) under contemporary conditions.
in this connexion, a consideration of the foundations of democracy
in the 20th century would reveal clearly the values on wich th e
great liberal democracies of today are based.A fresh exposition of
the political metaphysic of liberal democracies is all the more ur-
gent today because the gomgemporary totalitarian states(including
Russia) though differing in form from one anovher,are alike in this,
that they all claim in their political ideeologies to be themselves
defenders of the"true democracy" against the degenerate liberal demo—
cracies of the West.The refutation of this ideeologocal contrast
" Democracy versus Liberalism" which will undoubtedlybe of increasing
propagandist importance for the totalitarian states in the future ,can,
i ee a
form of democracy.In general the 19th and 20th centuries are charac-
in my judgement,be successful only on the basis of a discussion of
fundamentals.Also in this connexion it would be necessary to inquire
in what relation the various political types of democracy stands
to the various economic. types of democracy.If one distinguishes here
betweenthe capitalistic,the nationally—planned,and the socialistic _
democracies,the question naturally arises wether, for instance,li-
beral democracy is only the political expréssion of a more or less
Sapisalssitc democracy and authoritarian democracy of liberal type
and a liberal democracy of authoritarian type also theoretically pos-
Sinle,and are they practicable in the concrete conditions of today?
A fundamental elucidation of the relation betweeen ecenomics and po-
litics could not be neglected,and especially of the question wether
the political sa such and particularly the political of today,exists,
as does the economic,in its own right, or is only the form in which
the present dominant economic forces find their expression.That such
an investigation would have important bearings,one way or another
according to its results,on the questionf/of marxism,is to obvious
to require special emphasis.
Another important inquiry is closely connected with this problemcom—
plex,viz. what social class comes to power in each of the various
terized soziologically by the increasing political emanzipation of
the lower classes.The traditional liberal democracy with its ruling
middle class,was not able to escape this process.the process of polit:
ical emangipation shows itself here above all in a strengthening of
the radical democratic,as againsr the purely liberal,teendency.The
history of the franchise,the greater rpedomonance of the parties,the
political soziological change in the position of the Parliament,are
unambiguous signs of this shifting of the centre of gravity to the
radical democratic side.What alone is remarkable here is that the
great liberal democracies and their ruling classes h ave so far suc
ceeded not only in supporting this process ofpolitical emancipation
but also in maintainingtheir traditional liberal culture notwithstan-
dingIncontrast to this,in the totalitarianstates the previously ru-
ling classes have been politically dispossessed by the lower middle-
and proletarian classes,and their economic dispossession is likely
to follow.The struggle against the Yews »the churches and the great
bourgeois organisations under suspicion of internatioalism, develops
: lil.
is this social background.the totalitarian states,wether they in-
tend or not,will be unable in the long run to escape this process of
further radical democratization.They find themselves compelled to
take measures which,in spite of their declared anti-liberal chara&ter
need not necessarily be antidemocratic.lfo investigate these more
closely must be concern to the great liberal democracies of today.
Zhe authoritarian states,i.e.the states which politically and socio=-
logically are intermediate between the liberal democracies and the
totalitarian states of today,must be included in the subject-matter of
such an investigation.These authoritarian states may claim special
attention because they combine,or atleast are engaged in the interestin
experiment of attempting to combine,the traditional values of civili-
sation with new forms of political expression.
In this exposé only a few questions are touched on,but
they are,as it seems to me,very important quetions and such as,on
grounds of practical politic,demand a closer scientific analysis.
The very extensive literature on democracy which is available,has
touches only incidentally on this whole question and,if I am not mis-
taken,has so far offered no satisfactory solution of it.
jpn
Pi a TR
The Problem of Democracy in the Twentieth Century
—_— = a ee ee ee ee ee ee —— ee ee ese
ee
Introduction: The new questions of the 20th century
First Section: The conception and essence of democracy
Chapter one: Democracy and equality
§ 1: Equality es an essential of democracy
§ 2: The problem of the democratic conception of
democracy
§ 3: The concrete historical form of the democratic
conceprion of equality
4) in antiquity
2) in the 19th century
3) in the 20th cetury
a) especially on the European Continent
b) especially in the Anglo-Saxon States
1. Great Britain
2. The U.S.A.
Chapter two: Democracy and liberty
§ 1: Liberty as the essential of democracy
§ 2: The problem of the democratic conception of
liberty
The concrete historical form of the rights of
man and liberty
§ 3
1) in antiquity
2) in the 19th century
3) in the first decades of the 20th century
a) especially on the European Continent
bd) in the Anglos-Sacon States
1. Great Britain
2. fhe U.S.A.
Chapter Three: Liberty and equality in democracy
§ 1: The tensional relations between the claims of
liberty and equality in democracy
§ 2: The possible connection of the claims of liberty
and equality in democracy
wer
i a == a
sa
Second Section: The possible types and forms of democracy
Chapter one: The democracy of the ancients
Charter Two: The classical Parliamentary-representative
democracy of the 19th century
§ 4: Their sociological premises
§ 2: The constitutional system of this form of
democracy
a) especially of the classical representative
system | |
b) especially of the system of the separation
of powers
§ 3; The practical functioning of this form or
democracy
a) in the European continental States
b) in the Anglo-Saxon States
14. Great Britain
2. Bhe U.S.A.
Chapter three: The modern mass democratic state
§ 14. Its sociological premises
§ 2: The constitutional system of their form of
democracy
a) particularly the modification of the
classical pepresentative systen, and
b) the modification of the system of the
separarion of powers
§ 3: The practical functioning of this form of
| democracy
a) on the European Continent in the first
decades of the 20th dentury
b) ib the Anglo-Saxon States
1. Great Britain
2. The U.S.A.
Third Section: The transformation of the modern mass society in the
20th century and the consewuences of this strati-
fication for the stability of democracy
Chapter one: The political emancipation of the lower middle
classes
Chapter two: The political emancipation of the lebouring
classes
ea er
Chapter three; The autoritarian state and democracy
§ 1: The special sociological premises of the
authoritarian state
§ 2. The constitutional organization 66 the author-
itarian state in its typicsel outlines
§ 3: The autvoritarian state and
a) the democratic cone ption of equality
b) the democratic conception of liberty
Chapter fomr: fhe totalitarian state and democracy
§ 1: The special sociological premises of the total-
itarian state
§ 2: The constitutional organization of? the total-—
itarian state in its typical outlines with par-
ticular regard to conditions
a) in national-socialist7zZ Germany
b) in Faschist Italy
ec) in bolchevik Russia
§ 3: The totalitarian state ana
a) the democratig conception of equality
b) the democratic conception of liberty
Chapter five: Dictatorship and democracy
§ 1: Commissarial dictatorship and democracy
§ 2: Sovereign dictatorship and democracy
section Four: The special consequences of the revolitionary modifi-
eation of nodern madn society for the liberal dene.
cracy of the 20th century
§ 1: on the EVropean Continent
§ 2: in the Anglo-Sacon St&tes
a) Great Britain
b) The U.S.A.
sectioh Five: Democracy and the constitutional state
Chapter one: The fundamental relations of politics and law
§ 1: The essential of politics
§ 2. The being and relations of law and justice
§ 3: The fundamentel eutonomy of politius and law.
Chapter two: Parliamentary=representative democracy and the
clessical vonstitutional state with special regard
to the Anglo-Saxon States
Chapter three: Modern state party mass democracy and the
transformation of the structure of the Cone
ception of the constitutional state with
special regard to the Anglo-Sagon States.
Chepter fours; The authoritarian state and
a) its ideological relation to the conception
of the constitutional state
b) its actual relations to the conceptiob of
the constitutional state
Chanter five: The totalitarian state and |
a) its ideological relation to the conception
of the constitutional state
b) its actual relation to the conception of the
wonstitutional state
Conclusion: Summary of the results and the inferences from this
summary for the future of democracy in the 20tn century.
Uw n url CMe 5
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—_—-
. Charlottenburg, den 8.Marz 1939.
’ Geh.Jdustizrat Neue Kantstr. 22.
Dr.“einrich lriepel,
0o.6.Professor d.*echte.
Sehr geehrter Herr!
Erlauben Sie mir, dass ich Ihnen Herrn Dr.
Gerhard Leibholz, bis vor kurzem ordentlicher Professor an
der Universitat Géttingen, der durch besondere Umstande ge-
nétigt ist, sich eine Position ausserhalb Deutschlands zu
schaffen, aufs wirmste empfehle. Ueber seinen Lebensgang
wird Sie Professor Leibholz selbst unterrichten. Ieh pers6én
lich méchte hinzufiigen, dass er einer meiner besten und
liebsten Schiiler gewesen ist, dass ich seinen wissenschaft-—
————
lichen Lebensweg immer mit grossem Interesse verfolgt hape,
|
und dass ich ihn mit gutem Gewissen als einen »first class
man» bezeichnen kann. Seine Arbeiten haben sich vorzugs-
weise auf dem Gebiete der allgemeinen Staatslehre béewegt,
mit starkem philosophischem und soziologischem Einschlage,
und sie sind ftir die Rechtsvergleichung auf dem Gebiete des
S6ffentlichen Rechts und fiir die »Political Science» frucht-
bar. Ich nenne nur die Erstlingsschrift: »Fichte und der
demokratische Gedanke», die Abhandlung: »Die aierheit vor
dem Gesetz» und das aufschlussreiche Buch: »Das Wesen der
Reprdésentation.» Zahlreiche Aufsd&tze in deutschen und aus-
léndischen Zeitschriften haben seinen Namen auch tiber die
Grenzen seiner Heimat hinaus bekannt gemacht, und er hat
von mehreren wissenschaftlichen Instituten des Auslandes
auszeichnende Anerkennungen erfahren. Eine gute vélkerrecht-.
liche Ausbildung hat er als mehrja&hriger Mitarbeiter am Ber-
liner Institut des Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft ftir ausladn-
disches 6ffentliches Recht erhalten. Professor Leibholz ist
ein guter Lehrer und Redner, was ich af einer Tagung der
Vereinigung deutscher Staatsrechtslehrer mit Freude beobach-
tet habe. Er stammt aus guter Familie und ist mit. einer Toch
| ter des bekannten Berliner Psychiaters Professor Bonhoeffer
verheiratet. Fiir seinen Charakter kann ich einstehen. Wenn
\Sie, sehr verehrter Herr, Herrn Professor Leibholz in ir-
ondisiner Weise f6rderlich sein k6énnten, so wiirden Sie auch
mich zu grossem Danke verpflichten.
- . . as —_
In ausgezeichneter Hochachtung
eet
A Jonny Bpeh
Professor an der Universitat
Berlin.
The Palace
Chichester
4th May, 1959.
My dear Professor Van Duseny
Br. Gerhard Leibhols
I think perhaps I may help you end Dr. Leibhols
by giving further details about his career. You will
find his life end bibliography in the international
Who's Who for 1938. He is a brother-in-law of Pastor
Dietrich Bomhoffer. He becamse Professor of Public
Law in the University of Greifswald in 1938 at the
early age of 27. He left Greifswald in 1951 and became
Professor of Public Law and Political Scienee at Gottingen
University, being Director of the legal seminary there, as
well as at Greifswald. He was dismissed as @ non-aryan at
the end of 1935, He has written a considerable variety of
books and articles on international and sociological sub-
jects. He came to this country last autumn, He is very
highly thought_of by University scholars and others who...
have met him in this country, and I think it probable that,
from a letter which I have had from the Woske?etler Founda
tion's representative in Paris, Mr. Tracey B. Kitterodge,
the Foundation would be willing to meke a contribution to
enable Dr. Leibholg to be settled in a permanent post. Mr.
Kitteredge tells me that the Foundation has made grants to
provide three-quarters of the salary of a refugee scholar
in an acedemie institution during the first year, half of
the salary during the second year, md a quarter of the
| salary during the third year. Mr. Kitteredge adds “Should my
academie institution be prepared to offer a position on these
conditions to Dr. Leibholz, I should be glad to bring any ap-
lication the institution might wish to formulate to the atten-
tion of my colleagues in the New York office of the Foundation."
Mr. Kitteredge wrote to me on this subject on Mareh Srd. I
wrote about Dr. Leibholz, hence the mention of Dr. Leibholg,
who had been in touch with them, but I take it thet the offer
would be open for other scholars provided they were men of
recognized distinction, end provided the institution inviting
the scholar were prepared, after two or three years, to guar-
eantee a position with full salary, ami to provide approximately
half the total salary during the initial period.
I may also say for your information with regard to
Dr. Leibhols that, though he does not himself know it, there is
a special fund raised from American sources which is being kept
as a reserve towards paying his expenses to America, if and
when a permanent post in America were to emerge.
Yours wery sincerely,
George Chichester
THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.
(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON)
HOUGHTON STREET,
ALDWYCH,
LONDON, w.c.a2.
6/3/39
Selection Committee, Leon Yellowship.
I have great pleasure in recommending Professor
Gerhari Leibholz for a fellowship.
You will already have received from him an
account of a truly brilliant career, and a list
of his works. I need only add my judgment of his
quality and reputation, gained from the continuous
_ study o German public a ‘airs since 1919, Among
the most able of our generation of writers is
Leibholz. His studies in the theory and practice
of ‘equality before t'e law', ecclesiastical
consitutional law, and the legal and sociological
bases of "ascism are known all over the l-amed
world and highly prized by scholars, He is
& mmm of extraordinary learning, has a powerful
intellect, and besides the capacity for analydsis
posesses an imagination which illuminates. His
practical ex»oerience in the law has been of great
value in fortifying his native power o estimating
the sighificance of social forces.
The subject he proposes to research into
needs attehtion; and he will certainly meke
ang orgginal contribution to the subject, valuable
beyond ordinary standards.
Peruse Porer
Reader in Public Administration, University of
London,
ea 2s Fede peace snes Pope nf: Be nt ; cat Fite lens ea
EID TN Bee IN BER SNS OF RS cg OS, Pe OAS ge oe en
August 26, 1940
My dear Professor Yan Dusen:
Thank you for your letter of the sixteenth and
the material on Pre. Ehrenberg and Leibhois.
You convince me that they are men of distinction,
and Y shall be happy to have any further data on.
you may have on hand.
The plan I am working on is based on the possibility
of bringing over on non-quota Visas meh who have been
profeasors regularly employed and who come to teaching
positions. The New School will make the necessary teach-
ing opportunity for « two-year term. In the course of
the two years it is hoped that permanent positions may be
found in other educational institutions.
I see no reason why Dr. Ehrenberg and Dr. Leibhols
should not qualify under the plan. I shall of course need
complete records before I can have a definite opinion.
Sincerely,
Alvin Johnson
Director
AJ: EY
Professor Henry P. Van Dusen
Union Theological Seminary
3041 Broadway
Bew York, New York
DRAFT OF GETTER TO AMERICAN THROLOGICAL S®MINARIZS OW BRAALY OF
KEFUCKE THEOLOGICAL SCHOLARS
We feel constrained to write you ayain, supplementing our letter
ef July Gth,
immediately efter the dispatch of that letter, we received = aost
urgent end moving appeal from the Right Rev. the Bishop of Chichester who,
since the beginning of the Hitler regime, has concerned himself with great
cevotion and personal sacrifice in behalf of theolegical acholars exiled
through Nasi persecution. ‘The Rishop of Chichester now asks our very special
help in connection with two scholars of exceptional dietinection whose names
did net appear on the list sant you on July 6th, They sre:
: + Ehrenberg. Yormorly Professer of Philosophy, Heidelberg
University. Specdalist in Eastern Christianity, Pastor at Bochum cince 1928,
ard Leibhol Formerly Professer of Public Lew and Political
Selences, Gaiversity of Gottingen. Authority on theory of State, Church end
Public tay.
Dr. Ledbhols and Dr, Ehrenberg are beth men of outstanding eminence, Indeed
they, with two others, were selected from the entire lict. of oxtled Gergen
theolegians by the Provisional Committes of the Porld Counedl of Churches as
most worthy of special tesietenes. For the peat two years they heve been under
special appointment for research work in connection with the Provisional Com
mittee of the World Council and have been receiving atdisends from the Couneil
of 250 pounds a year eech, Presumably these stipends would be continued if
they were to coma to this country, end we feel ressormbly ascured that provision
for their transportation would be arranged, ir, Barenberg is 56 years of age,
ie married and bee a boy 14 and a girl 16f years of age, Dr. Leibholz is 87
years of age end has a wife and two ae era. ft be resent times beth scholarg
ek: ee ¢ in Gree Sania ing Sas elense can be secured only 4
—1 AVL OS LON Uc epooiLniment in this country. hile 4 pounds, at prosent ane
change rates; ts res 20 Lene aE appropriate stipend for sen of such distinetion,
it seems likely thet it would be necessary for their heate in thie sountry to
offer only hospitality, although if « modest edditional «tipend could be suggested
it would, of course, be exceedingly weleema, Doubtless hospitality could be
arrenged in private hones,
Ws regard this as a very unugual opportunity for Individuel seminaries,
or groupe of nearby seminaries acting together, to atrengthen their academic re~
sources with men of great brilliance, charming personalitisa, and keen interest in
American theological work, And slvo to perform notable service to these deserve
ing ¢olleaguee of curs,
If you see aay poselbility for action in their behalf, will you not
ommuinigate with Prefessor Van Dusen.
Faithfully yours,
WP. hacd, Cheirmen
aimed PrP, Van Dusen, Secretary
ZERICAN THEOLOGECAL SOVERTY:
COMME TS: ar GN REF We hah {HBOLOGT OAL SCHOLARS
bat ce ae tad Xald
3 rent) Be i lee 4 eee he sip
ik gi 4 | PRE is te =: emit
September 4 th. 4¥.
Dr. Alvin Johnson.
66 West 12 Street.
New York City
Dear A.d.:
Prof. Van Lusen of Union Theological Seminary urges me to bring to
your attention the name of
Prof. Gerhard Leibholz, formerly Goettingen.
His present address in England and some biographical dates ere contained in
the list of refugee scholars which Van Dusen 's Vommittee drew up end which
I gave irs. Staudinger today.
Without knowing Leibholz personally I can testify that he was held
in highest esteem by my own republican collegueges in political science;
he was considered perhaps the most brilliant of the younger men on thet
field. Van busen's interest %aexkim in him is also fof his credit, of
course, and seems to result from a very brave stand which Leibholz took on
3 questions of “gurch law . I want to emphasize this
point because 1 have , in fairness to your work , to announce a certain
hesitation at leas&é on my part and I suspect on the part of others too.
Perhaps you remember that we pubbished an article of his a few years ago
which met withé storm of protest from various quarters agaignst what was
considered a kind of adaptation to totalitarian phragplogy . I think this
point must be taken up and fully clerified in order to reach an adequate
decision . I do not mean Bx to say that he should not be called ; but that
the case should be carefully investigatedg by Simons and Ascoli. I think
that Simons probably knows Leibholz and so does Brecht, you will inguire with
them.
Sincerely
Py
Ps ei A
in"
Heath, Mass.
Dear Dr. Simons:
With reference to Dr. Gerhard Leibholz about whom I spoke
to you and for whom I should like to meke epplication for one of
the Fellowships provided by one of the foundetions and controlled
by your committee.
br. Liebholz is a Doctor of Jurisprudence. He has held
positions st the Universities of Berlin, Griefsweld and Goettingen.
He hes beer a refugee in Britein since 1935 and is now in an interment
camp. He has held a smeil stipend under the World Council of Churches
for which he has been doing research work on the relation of National
Socieclism to Christienity. ¥
Last year he had two smell lectureships at Oxford, one at
Belliol enc one at Magdelene. His lecture subjects were: "Theory of
Democracy", "National Socielism and the Church in Germeny". and
"Germeny and the West.
I regret thet I do not have his full curriculum vitee but it
is to be found in the Internationsl Whose Who of 1958.
The Episcopal Theological Seminary of Cambridge Mass has be-
come interested in him through the intervention of the Bishop of
Chichester end woule like to extend him an invitetion in oréer to
get him out of the concentration cemp. However they have no money
at ell end the Deen, Dr Angus Dunn has been considering teking him
into his house as his own guest, in lieu of compensetion.
I have the impression that you will seek to place the men who
will be granted these scholarships in verious institutions of lesrning.
If this is the case there would be no cuestion about the willingness
of the Episcopal Seminary to have him. On the other hand if an invi-
tetion from then would compromise whatever chences he had to secure a
feilowship from your committee I would appreciate being sdvised; in
which case I woule ask the Episcopel seminary to teke no action.
I have had very strong personel testimonies from the Bishop of
Chichester, Dr. Bell end from the Master of Balliol, Dr. Lindsey ebout
the very high intéllectueal quelifications of Dr. Liebholz.
Sincerely yours,
(signed) R. NEIBUHR
FCI CCR DOU RR RK aK
UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
BROADWAY AT 120TH STREET
NEW YORK
Sept. 26, 1940
Dr. Hans Simons
The New School for Soctal Research
66 West 12th Street
New York, N. Y.
Dear Dr. Simons;
With reference to Leibholz, I am sending
you enclosed a plan of study which he had proposed to
follow as a Research Fellow for the World Council of
Churches, This will indicate something of the quality
of his convictions at the present time, I am personally
unable of course to make any judgment about his con-
victions before he left Germany, but I am prepared to
testify that the Master of Balliol and the Bishop of
Chichester had the greatest confidence in his work, I
had assumed that I had letters about him from these two
men in my files, but I discovered this is not the case
as I spent last year in Britain and my knowledge of his
work there depends upon my personal conferences with
the Bishop and Lindsay. I also had several personal
talks with Leibholz himself, and found myself in com-
plete agreement with the analysis which he was making
of the political, moral, and spiritual situation in
Burope. If there were ambiguities before arriving in
England I think he must have learned a great deal there.
It might be worth mentioning also that he is the brother-
in-law of young Dr. Bonhoefer, who has been one of the
most courageous fighters at the Confessional Synod,
I am asking Professor Van Dusen to send you
any letters he may have directly from the Bishop of
Chichester, I am also sending you enclosed a list of
Leibholz's published works and essays which he gave me
last year in Britain.
M UuMALrAl (err r Sincerely yours,
‘ Zz AB. Pa é ‘
a i # a = f f fg i } f
PLS Loin A
: My 4 kA Pvt »? ALIN £ FS . | 08
Reinhold Niebuhr
May I pass this on to you. If I get any material from Prof. Van Dusen you shall
have it at once.
Sincerely,
Waijin beige
Tetbanawe :— “InmMISCO, KNIGHTS, LONDON” TELEPHONE! — SLOANE 1425
WORLD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES
(In process of formation)
PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE
(Constituted by the World Conference
on Faith and Order and the Universal
Christian Council for Life and Work)
Chairman of Provisional Committee:
THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK
Chairman of the Administrative Committee: EDINBURGH HOUSE
M. LE PASTEUR MARC BOEGNER, D.D.
: 2 EATON GATE
General Secretaries:
REv. W. A. VISSER ’T Hoort, D.D. L
REV. WILLIAM PaTon, D.D. ONDON, S.W.1
Secretary in America:
Rev. H. S. Lurpzr, D.D. 8th November, 1940.
WP/TB
My dear Reinhold,
I enclose a copy of a letter I have written to
Angus Dun, of the Episcopal Theological School at Harvard
in regard to an offer made by that: School to Professor
Leibholz, one of the Christian scholars who is supported
here by the World Council of.Churches with a grant which
the Bishop of Chichester and I secured from the Christian
Council for Reftigees.° I feel the letter explains itself.
I am worrying you on the matter because I understand from
the Bishop of Chichester that you are in touch with the
University in Exile and might be able from that source to
augment the stipend of 1,000 dollars,to be contributed
largely in the form of board and lodging,which the #piscopal
School offers. To make matters quite plain 1 enclose also
a copy of a portion of the letter from Chichester to Dun.
I hear that a copy of your new book "Christianity
d Power Politics” has come to our American office for review
d I am asking them to send it to me. I look forward greatly
Op p56
reading it. Things have moved a long way since 1 saw you
t in May, and we here have an immense amount for which to
nk God. There is, however, a. very long row to hoe and we
under no illusions as to the tasks that remain. tI take
that you are in close touch with Pitney Van Dusen and l
ve been in very steady contact with him and have given him
much stuff as I ‘can. The material he has sent me is beyond
and I cannot be suificiently grateful to him and to the
of you who are working together for what you are doing.
© DM
CD
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©
©
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ie
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U9 tO
Yours ever,
The Rev. Professor Reinhold
Niebuhr,
Union Theological Seminary, y
Broadway at 120th St.,
NEW YORK: CITY, N.Y.
EXTRACT OF LETTER FROM BISHOP OF CHICHESTER TO DR. DUN.
- ist November, 1940,
We cesteeseeew tHere are one or two points which;.not unnaturally,
have to be considered by Dr. Leibholz,-and on his behalf, bef ore
a definite decision can be made. L am sure you will appreciate
them as I put them: - 3 s |
ol. As far cas tte stipend from the World CGouncil-is
concerned, we rather feel here that it would bel fairest: really,
in making the .best use of the funds. availabie ; if Bre Ehrenberg
(whom we hope is going to Berkeley Divinity Senook) and
Br. Leibholz took each half the stipend from British sources
or, if one of them only had the full stipend, leaving the other
to be supported entirely in U.S.A. I raised this point with
Dean Yan Dusen in a letter to him of September 10th. I. do not
say this is an indispensable condition, but I think you will,
in consultation with Dean Van Dusen, appreciate the desire
that lies behind'it, to spréad the Yorld Council stipend money
raised in this country, as far as possible.
—"
2e ihe main consideration, however, must be that Dr. Leibholz
should have a sufficiently clear prospect of being able to
support himself, his wife and two children, for the next few ;
years. You are most kindly extending the invitation for 4 two-
year pe sriod and specifying 1,000 dollars as an annual payment.
in your letter you rather hint that while you are not able to
cuarantee mowe than the above from your limited unréstricted
Panda: The above, together with the World Council stipend, even
supposing that £0 be forthcoming in full, would not be sufficient
-to cover the essential living costs for the family of four.
it does. seem, therefore, to me that the decision really
depends on whether the Unive rsity in Exile can make the
guaranteed stipend up to the mimimum which in America you would
feel to be requisite for the Professor and his wife and twa
daughters. :
i am sending a copy of this letter to Dean van Dusen, so
as to save. time.
if you are able, as i very greatly: hope, in conjunction
UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
BROADWAY AT 120TH STREET
NEW YORK
Nov. 8th, 1940
Pirate Woy, L, N¥0
Dr. Hans Simons
New School fer Social Research
66 West leth Street
New York, N. Y.
Dear Dr. Simons;
I have discovered some recom-
mendations for Leibholz in my files
which I should have sent you long ago.
Perhaps the selections have already
been made. But in the event that they
have not been made, there may be some
advantage in having these documents,
Sincerely yours,
Reinhold Niebuhr
8th November, 1940.
My dear Dun,
I have just had some talk and correspondence with
the Bishop of Chichester about your very kind offer to
Dr. Leibholz, and he has showed me a copy of his letter to you
dated November lst. I want just to add a word with reference
to the stipend which is now being supplied to Leibholz in
common with three other German Christian scholars through the
World Council of Churches. This stipend of £250 a year was
offered for three years, of which ls have elapsed. The money
was in fact contributed not by the World Council of Churches
but by the Christian Council for Refugees here in London, out
of the funds contributed partly by special appeals in the
churches, particularly the Church of England, and outof, the
Christian Council's share of the Baldwin fund. The money is
paid to me by the Christian Council and there is no formal
restriction upon it, that is to say, it is given in order that
these men may continue their studies in touch with the General
Study activity of the World Council of Churches. I think you
know that Van Dusen” is Chairman of the Study Comnittee of the
World Council,
The principal thing to be secured is that these
men (Leibholz, Ehrenberg, Schweitzer and Frank - the last is
in France) should be able to carry on their work, and I am
quite confident that the Christian Council for Refugees in
this country would put that consideration first. On the other
hand, it has to be remembered that the money which the Christian
Council has had at its disposal is by no means a large amount,
that the claims upon it made by the very numerous Christian
non-Aryan refugees in this country.are great, and that it is
inevitably more difficult now to raise any money than it was
when the fund was raised. For this reason it may be diffiault
to convince the Christian Council (to whom in fairness I ought
to convey the facts) that they should continue to pay the full
sum if one or more of these men cease to work in this country
and work in the United States instead. The Bishop of Chichester
has suggested, and I very fully agree with the suggestion, thal
some part of the stipend should still be borne by this fund
which the Christian Council for Refugees has put at the
disposal of the World Council of Churches, but I feel that in
equity if they are going to America and if all the money can
still be raise (difficult as it no doubt is) some parts of
the stipend should be borne in America. It would seem to me
not too insuperably difficult a task to accomplish this and
I venture to hope that the invitation to Leibholz may be.
accompanied by some larger financial provision, perhaps through
the help of the University in Exile.
My purpose in writing this letter is simply to make plain
to you the problem which I have to face as the person who has
negotiated the grant with the Christian Council for Refugees,
to the World Council. You may reply upon to do all that we
possibly can, and we here feel’sure that you on your side will
do all that is possible.
Yours very sincerely,
The Rev. Angus Dun, U.D.,
Episcopal Theological
Seminary,
Bamvard,
Cambridge,
Mass. |
U.S.A.
* THE NEW SCHOOL
FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH
66 W TWELFTH ST NEW YORK
November 12, 1940
Dear Mrs. Staudinger: |
Here is the materiel I
mentioned to you this morning.
I would like to mention
that Finer is a very highly regarded
teacher and writer in public administra-
tion. I am sure Ascoli knows him; he
has written a well known book on Italy.
I don't know the other
man,
About Triepel, I told
you what I know.
Very sincerely yours,
J
SE ee ;
Hans Simons
Mrs. Hans Staudinger
8 West 13th Street
New York, N. Y.
ie A)
| The University of Chicago
Department of Chemistry
KENT CHEMICAL LABORATORY November lz . 1940 GEORGE HERBERT JONES LABORATORY
Dr. Alvin Johnson
The New School for Social Research
66 West léth Street
New York City /
Dear Dr. Johnson:
a
I received a letter from Professor Gerhard Leibholz. Dr.
Leibholz is known to me from the time that we both were
professors at the University of G8ttingen, and while I am
absolutely unable to judge the importance of his work, lI
always was told that he was highly estimated. I enclose
the curriculum vitae of Dr. Leibholz which may inform you
about his antecedentiae. I may add that he will send an
index of his publications with normal mail, so it may not
come into my possession very soon.
Since November, 1938, Dr. Leibholz and his family have been
in England, where he got several fellowships, especially
from the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning
in Cambridge, the London School of Economics and Political
Science, Magdelan College in Oxford, and from the World Council
of Churches. He gave lectures at Balliol College at Oxford
and some other places.
So far as IL am able to judge, Dr. Leibholz is one of the
men who certainly will belong in the group of scientists
towWhom you wish to give help. Since Leibholz in his letter
referred also to his former colleagues, Dr. Rheinstein and
Dr. Kessler, from the University of Chicago, and since they
are much more able to judge Leibholz's scientific importance,
I phoned them and they wish to write to you separately. May
i therefore only recommend to you his case very much since I
know that he is a good man and is a man deserving of help.
With best regards, I an, |
Very sincerely yours,
1891 - TH UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO + FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY =: 1941
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—
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
The Law School
Chicago
November 13, 1940
Professor Alvin Johnson,
New School for Social Research,
66 West 12th Street,
New York, New York.
Dear Professor Johnson:
I understand that Professor James Franck of this university wrote to you
the other day with respect to Professor Gerhard Leibholz, now at Oxford, Mngland.
Professor Franck has shown me a letter which he received from Professor Leibholz
and in which Professor Leibholz expresses his interest in the new refugee pro-
fessorships which have recently been created. I know Professor Leibholz well. |
We were colleagues for six years in Berlin. It seems to me that he would be exe
ceptionally well qualified for one of these professorships.
Leibholz is one of the few German political scientists who are thoroughly
familiar with English and American political practice and theory and who tried to
utilize the experience of the old democracies for the constitutional and political
life of the German republic. Leibholz' doctor's thesés dealt with the problem of
"Eouality before the Law," and in the opinion of some of the most qualified German
scholars it constituted a work of unusual maturity and vision. On the basis of
this book Leibholz was called to the staff of the Berlin Institute of Foreign Pub-
lic Law. After an unusually short time he qualified as an assistant professor at
the University of Berlin, briefly thereafter to be called to a full professorship
at Goettingen.
In all of his later writings Leibholz was primarily concerned with the probe
lems of the practical application of democratic ideals, with reshaping the funda-
mental notions of democracy, and with tracing its history in the English-speaking
countries and in Germany.
Leibholz' eminence in the field has been recognized by his English colleagues
as well as by The Rockefeller Foundation which offered him a position at the Nuf-
field Institution in Oxford. The war has so far prevented this institute from
starting on its work, and it seems doubtful, under the present conditions, whether
it will ever be opened. As far as I know the negotiations between The Rockefeller
Foundation and Leibholz were carried on by Mr. Kittredge, who is certainly in a
position to give you further information about Dr. Leibholz.
May I add that Leibholz is a very good looking man of pleasant manners, and
that he has a most charming wife.
Very truly yours,
(Signed): MAX RHEINSTEIN
November 14, 1540
3 es ote ms
Letthels which yon sent ae ; esterfayr. It ie
& vory good recommend=tion infeed and we shell
Else Staudincer.
Dr. Hans Sizcons
*he New Sehool for Secial Rersarch
66 West 12th Strect
Hew York City
Movember 15, 1940
Dear teu Pranck:
Thank you very much for your letter of
November twelfth concerning Professor Leibholg.
We will look into his case carefully.
Sincerely,
Alvin Johnson
Birector.
Profeseor James Franck
University of Chicago
Department of Chemistry
Chicage, Illinois
Dear Professor Rheinsteins
ee Thank you very mich for your
x letter of November 13th shout Professpr
—s«eAtholz. We will leck into hie ense earse
faully,although unfortunctely the social sci-
ence list is now rather full.
P Sincerely vours,
. | Alvin dchnson
: Director.
Professor Max Rheinstein
The University of Chicago
Chicage, Tllinois.
UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY ra
f
BROADWAY AT 120TH STREET 7
NEW YORK
December 10, 1940
Dr. Alvin Johnson
New School for Social Research
66 West 12th Street
New York, N. Y.
Dear Dr. Jonnson:
I have just had a talk with Mrs. Staudinger
over the phone in regard to Dr. Leibholz’ aoplication for
a fellowship. She tells me that one reason why no action
has been taken upon this is that there was no certainty
about his having a place at an academic institution. This
means that I have been remiss in reporting one aspect of
the case, though I was certain that I had in some part of
my correspondence. The situation is that the Episcopal
Theological Seminary in Cambridge, Mass. was ready to
extend a call to him offering him board and lodging, and
hoping that a small stipend of 250 & that he has been re-
ceiving from the World Council of Churches, could be con-
tinued over here.
I am enclosing correspondence received today
explaining from the London side why this could not be done.
There is, in other words, an invitation available for him.
should you be willing to grant him a fellowship. I cannot
of course speak for the Episcopal Seminaty in regard to the
future. The correspondence has been carried on by Dean
Angus Dun of the Episcopal Theological Seminary, Cambridge,
Mass.
Sincerely yours,
Reinhold Niebuhr
P.O. Box 62, STATION ‘*N” TELEPHONE
ee, J
‘NEW YORK, N.Y. AS 9-2102
Self %
: e Phe p |
OF EMIGRES FROM CENTRAL EUROPE, Inc.
December 10, 1940.
President:
PAUL J. TILLICH Br. Alvin Johnson
Vice- Presidents : 66 West 12th Street
ae aioe New York NY.
TONI STOLPER
Treasurer:
F. M. MAYER Dear To
Board of Directors :
a Something seems to have gone wrong in the correspondence regarding
JACOB BILLIKOPF Gerhard Leibholz, In my letter of September 4th I had announced certain
FREDR. BORCHARDT | hesitations arising from unfavorable judgments which I had heard from
aman ge friends of ours on Leibholz'article in Social Research. I gat in contact
JAMES FRANCK there upon with van Dusen and Niebuhr who both of them had met Leibholz
ame in Englend. This fact is interesting in itself because Leibholz is in
EDUARD HEIMANN England as a special guest and protegee of the Bishop of Chichesler in
—— recognition of his particularly brave stend in the church trouble; his
aan We. KALLE brother-in-law is one of the best-known and most courageous of those pastors
i maples Both, Nkebuhr and van Dusen had long conversations with him and assured
CARL LANDAUER me that they had seldom found themselves in so complete an agreement
in — on fundamental questions as with Leibholz. They also describechim as an
PHILIPP LOEWENFELD impressive personality and ea very good speaker. At that I had assumed that
— ee a you would have been notified by them of their experiences. But it does not
HAROLD MANNII make any difference; please take my word for theirs.
EMILY PERLMAN
CECILIA RAZOVSKY After these inquiries I think the case can be closed in a favorable sense.xk
at Whatever doubts there had been have been fully disproved.
SIEGFRIED THANNHAUSER
cignsical mre Sincerely yours,
INGRID WARBURG
LILLY WITTELS
FRIEDA WUNDERLIC . .
= for Professor Heimann
HANNAH ZIEGLER
Executive Secretary:
FRED, S. WEISSMAN
Secretary
Dictated but not signed by
Professor Heimann
:
L
:
:
‘The situation might be aif?
nent employment; but as things st
Mr.
to recommend the application of
tion.
Law School of Harbard Anibersitp,
Cambridge, Mass.
January 6, 1941
Dear Alvin Johnson:
May I call your attention to the case
Of Prof. G. Leibholz, Oxford, 100 Ban-
bury Road,
Dr. Leibholz was professor of Public
Law at the Unive sity of Goettingen,
Germany and lost his position on account
of his Jewish origin. His wife is
"“Ar7Yyan", his children half-Jewish.
He is in the Barly forties and was
& highly esteemed Law teacher in Germany.
He is now living in Oxford, England and
wishes to come to this country.
I should feel very grateful to you if
you could help this worthy scholar.
sae tan
Hans Kelsen
Professor Alvin Johnson
Director of the New School
for Social Research
New York
Dear Hans Kelsens
fhenk you for your letter of Janu-
ary 6 about Professor Leibhols. If will
try to see whether something ean be done
for him. The chances are not very good,
because we have about reached the limit
of our funds for bringing over scholars
in public law.
Sincersly,
Alvin Johnson
Director
ajten
Dr. Hans Kelsen
Law School
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Dd wrt Freaky fp prec ‘A, df ‘D> Conteh
ob. frm jo pba mM Ariel chen acim
D~ Gey Rent Leck hody aw < Jeecteh. dtee
‘
February 3, 1941
Dear Dr. Delbriicks
= I am enclosing the neaterial on
Dr. Gerhard Leibholz which we had in our
files.
Sincerely yours,
Alvin Jchnson
Di zcC tor.
Dy. M. Delbrick
Vanderbilt University
Vashville, Tennessee.
Enclosures
: é VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY LIy
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
. 4 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE
June 6, 1941
Dear Dr.Johnson:
enclosed I am returning the material on Dr. Leib-
holz, which I eittained from your files. My efforts on his
Ay ) - behalf were unfortunately without success.
[ththt et Ctyetehed b
7 J } |
lA thte Sincerely yours
he”: LPS he ¢ ’ Of VD aS fi é fd ff ; tA
he “eben OC hebuie Vaey N. Dkbreick
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Pe a i se a4 4 2 (A ;
oy
Vnrieene [ened O/0/IT M.Delbrtick
