FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
FORE (GN. BROADCAST MONITORING SERVICE
December 6, 1941
ANALY S138
of Official Foreign Broadcasts %
for the Week
November 28 ~ December 4
CONTENT
Review of the Wook Page 1 Japan Page E-1
Germany to North America AnL Frenck Africa F-l
Germany to latin America Bel Great Britain G-1
Italy to Korth America C-1 Soviet Union Hei
Italy to Latin America D-1 Freedom Stations I-L
ste, wherever possible,
what continuing or changing national policy is reflected in the broad-
ave intended to be useful to the research unita of Government, Departments
end agencies,
REVIEW OF THE WEEK
There ia a large degree of agreement among most broadsasting nations
as to the most important topics of the veek: a) the precipitously
aounting American-Japanese crisia; Dd) the military campaigns in Libya
and the Soviet Union; o) aftermaths of the Anti-Conintern Congress;
and a) the role of the United States in vorld affairs,
America and Japan; The Japanese radio intensifies still further
its defiant, hostile tone; in contrast to its behavior during earlier
periods of Pacific tension, Radio Tokyo makes no Peace appeals. Con-
ment on the United States is bitter and imcreaaed; it ia broadcaat
not only to this country, but to Latin America and Southeastern Asia,
A ary of “Asia for the Astatics” arisca in considerable volume, and
it is indicated that Japan's attention for the time being 1s most x,
concentrated on Thailand, which is to be “protected” against foreign
{nvanion in the same manner as was Indo-China (Page £1).
Tte Bertin radio, particularly, espouses the Japanese cause,
Like Radio Tokyo, it places the blame for any future violence on the
America's lead; it reiterates Australian atatementa to the effect
that "we are ready,” and declares that war would be national auicide
for Japan (Page G-2), .
The Libyan Front: There is little enlightening comment on the
war on this area. The BRC, on the whole, continues to be optimistic
(Page Gl), Likewise, however, doss the Italian radio, with posaibly
a Slight modification from the previous week (Pages C-1, D-1}, The
German radio reflects uncertainty about the final outcome (Page A-L),
The Eastern Front: In a small percentage of total broadcast
tine, Berlin hotly denies that the German retreat from Routov ts any-
thing but a “strategic withdrawal,” and b-acenly declares that the
city vill remain in Soviet hands only at the pleasure of the German,
Righ Command. Most of Berlin's war reports concern the Moacow front,
(Page G-1). In the fluah of Soviet suczesa, the Moscov radio does
not forget to continue propaganda pressure for inareased atd from the
democracies (Page H-1).
"Europa": , Duportant propeganda ideas continue to be radiated
from Berlin as a result of the Anti-Comintern Congresa, The German
radio sustains ite attempts to build an impression of a united,
Well-armed, self-auffictont “United States of Europe under German
foaderahip, with no hostile dntontiona toward the United States of
Amerioa but vith euch pover and resourvea ay to make American entry
Into the var completely futile. The intent of this Propaganda ity
not only to inhibit Amsrivan participation in the war, but to attract
support from semi-neutral Nations and to counteract antd-Nazt uprisings
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in Europe. Nevertheless, there are indications of at least Partial
failure: ‘Turkey seems to be swinging away from the German orbit, and
the German radio itself is forced to resort to its strategies of divi-
In addition, the De Geulle radio gives interesting, 17 conjectural de~
tails of German pressures on Vichy (Page 1-2),
Pago A-1), In broadcasts to Latin America, both Axis tranemittors seek
to drive a wedge between the United States and the rest of the Hemi-
sphere with cries of imperialism. Berlin predicts that the protection
of Surinam pressges an invasion of French Guiana {Page B-1), while the
Italian radio, broadcasting to North America, goes even further vith a
declaration that the American moves foreshadows the. aeizure of air bases
in Africa (Page ¢.3),
OFFICtaL
TO
GERMAN BROADCASTS
NORTH AMERICA’
(tm German ena English)
Content of Analyzed Broadcasts Percent of Moanin: Itons
THIS WE LAST WEEK LAST MONTEZ
(Hov. 29+ (Hov. 22- (October)
Dec. 5) Nov. 26)
PROGRESS OF THE WAR
Germany va. Rugsia
German susceages BD) 15 44
"Strategic withéraval" from Rostov 3 - -
Germany vs. .
Air and sea (other than in Libya) 15 k 8
Libye 12 2 --
GERMANY
Continent scliderity mder G'm'n lead
Anti-Comintern Past anniversary 6 25 --
Other: friendly relations, trade, eto, 10 3 4
Btrengthimilitary end economic 5 8 2
Morality. and virtuo. 2 2 -
ATTACKS
On: Britain :
Wealmesa: military and economic 2 3 --
Imnorality: imperialism, hypocrisy,
‘Churchill's evils, eto. T
On the United States ;
Roosevelt's warmongoring, impoerialion 3 8 n
Other: tax burden, internal dissension,
Joury, oto. 2 6
On Russia
Weakness: military and economic 2
Imorality: atrocities, civilians
forced to fight, eto.
OFHER (Swiss census, Albanien Cabinet
resignation, Rumanian Liquidation of
Jews, etc.) 9 13 31
OFFICIAL GERMAN BROADCASTS TO NORTH AMBRICA
(November 29 = ‘Decenber 5)
Outstanding in this week's broadcasts from Borlin are, first,
discussions of the military canpaigns in Libya and Russia, and,
second, continuing echoes of the Anti-~Comintern Congress.
WILITARY DEVELOPMENTS
The North African Cam oF Despite the-capture of Sidi Rezegh, .
the Geran radio does not definitively proclaim ultimate Axis victory ~
in Nerth Africa, In fact, numerous comments, such as "It 4s too soon
to generalize,® perhaps indicate considerable German uncertainty as to
tho outcome. Much attention is paid to alleged Englisa reaction
against premature o stimism, and to English losses in men and material.
The Eastern Front; Berlin's claims of advance on Moscow are
modest and restrained. In accounts which verify newa reports of
an Intensive struggle on the central sector, the Berlin radio
declares that steady Germ:n Progress is being made despite the
formidably intricate system of Moscow's defenses and tenacious
Soviet resistance.
The retreat fro: Rostov is explained as a "strategic withdrawal" —
tuis being a tern which Borlin brouleasterg in the pust have
sardonically and repoutedly applied to British retreats, Altaough
German comzent:tors heatedly denounce English and Russian reports
of a disorderly G-rman rout and assert th..t Rostov will remain in
Russian hands only 2t the ple.sure of the German Iligh Commund,
there is no indication thut a reversal of the situation is to be
expected in the immediate future.
ar at Seat In dealing with tue naval War with Britain, Berlin
features the sinking of the Sydney, and sakes an unusually large
nunber of references to the shelling of British ships in the Channel
by German long-range guns on the French coast,
THE ANTI~COMINTERN MEETING: "EUROPE VICTORIUS"
Propaganda arguments and symbols of graut importance continue
to echo from the Anti-Comintern Congress held in Berlin during the
last week of Nevenber. During its convention, the Congress wag
tremendously exploited; it received more concentrated attention on
the Berlin shortwave than hag any other event during the past three
months--including Hitler's Speecies and Geran nilitary acconplishrents,
Throughout this week, Berlin continues to ring the changes,
contrasting tue Congress with the League of Nations, describing the
reuctions of the participating countries and echoing and elaborating
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tne ideas that appeared in the speeches,
for a "new conception of Europe as an entirety by itself"); and
in the new slogans: "National Sociulisn is become a Europacult";
"Europe victorious — not Germany alone, not Italy o— the %
whole of Europe it shall be." Throughout its discussions of the
New Europe, Berlin is deeply concerned to establish the impression of
@ continent economically strong and self-sufficient.
The overvhelming emphasis on European unity in German
propaganda appears to have a number of important objectivear
a) to build a powerful argunent aguinst Anerican entry into Wars
bd) to organize a background for future peuce considerations;
¢) to persuade critical nations, like Jupan, France, Spain
and Turkey, to maintain or strengthen their bonds with
the Axis; and
d) to offset recent anti-Nazi- uprisings in Europa.
Argunents amminst U, 9. Anturvention: thuch of the prooaganda
in Ribbentrop's speech and in the radio comenturies on the Berlin
meeting was clerly tuilored for an American audience. Appeals and
arguments against: American interventi.n, already familiar to American
listoners, tere repeated at length. They can ba Feraphrused as follows:
The American people and the German people do not wish to fight.
Only Roosevelt and his inte rnational-Jewish-plutocratic friends
are seeking to create war. Roosevelt, in fact, is toa
jarge extent responsible for the 2resent war in Europe, Why
should the American people, with their great wealth
and inpregnable n:tural defenses, wish to enter a
foreign war? "Germany," Berlin insists, "will
not attuck the American continent." The Reich is
only attempting to delend Euro.ean civilization (and,
indirectly, Jmerican civilization) from the menace of
godless Bolshevism. Indeed, Hitler is in the Process
of establishing a "United States ef Europe," which
Americans have always advocated. (Unlike the American
unicn, however, it will have ao central government,
and the original inhabitants will not be exterminated,
The American war effort, if continued, will bring a
erusiing burden on the taxpuyers, and wiil be followed
by another great depression -- perhaps even by a
disastrous social revolution, Tf Americans shoud
enter the war, moreover, they would suffor dnevitable
and bloody defeat, for the United States would be
fighting not Germuny alone, but the whole continent
With its economic self-sufficiency and its military
strength, Europe could fight a thirty-yeur war ‘,
and defeat any possible combination of enemies. The
her wur objectives have been realized, (Berl:
. war objective.) Nevertheless,
"Europe," 4-will be said, will stil maintain hoe:
The Band Wagons In view of the increa.ed attention recently given
ude of France, Turkey and
persuading then to claim or retain seuts on the band wagon
relations with Spain appear particularly to be Sought, and the
"thank-you" note of the Spanish representative ig significant;
according to Berlin, 1 "expressed the wi;
in the creation of the found:tion on whieh Euroze'g
shall rest," Hardly had the Berlin Congress closed,
Tarkey apparently begun to slip avay, The German rad:
previously had featured Turkish friendshi
hostility towird England, now admits thit the official Tur
although neutral, is "more pro-Britigsh than pro-German,"
Anti-Nazi Uprisingss Berlin's stock answer to
European dis-
satisfaction and unrest hug been to stress the oppos:
4to-+—European
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OTHER THEMES
the Far Rest: Berlin Propaganda this week noticeably takes up
Japan's cause, According to the German radio, Japan is only attempting
Appeals to U, 8. Groat
syn of Croats living in the United States by stress: Croat hap~
Rice their new independence in Europe and by pert a Croat
leader who in a broadcast to Anerica declared: "Croats in America
have made their contrition to this success (the esteblishuent of an
independent Croat State) by their own organization, ®
SIGNIFICANT OMISSIONS: w, S. LABOR SITUATION
In broadcasts to North Anerisa, the Berlin radio continues, as
it has for the last month, to avoid any mention of U. 3. labor strife
or labor legislation, Berlin bosslbly omits mention of the U. 3.
labor situation either because it wishes to leave well enough alone,
That Gormen silence may be breaking, however, is suggested
by the first appearance this woek of disoussions of the Amarican
follows, may possibly make their appearance at an early date in
Propaganda for the North American audience,
OFFICIAL GERMAN BROADCASTS
TO LATIN AMERICA
(In Spanish and Portuguese)
Cantent, of Analyzed Broadcestat* Percent of Meaningful Items
TRIS WSEX LAST WEEK
(Rov, 28- (Kov. 21-
Dec, 4) Nov, 27)
PROGRESS OF THE WAR
Germeny ve. Rugsia
Germen eucoessea: on central, north fronts;
"strategic withdrawal" from Rostov 20 25
Germany vs. ma pre : -
Air end sea (other then in Libya . 10 x
Libya: British tank losses; colenials’ low s
xorale 16
GERMANY
Continental solidarity under Germen leagership 17 30
Praies of Italy and Spain 3 h
Morality and culture 4 2
ATTACKS
On Britain
Wealmess and inmorality 6 10
On the United States
Economic problems; the Commmist threat 8 =
LATIN AMERICAN AFFATRS
émericen imperialian and exploitation. 7 8
Religion (anti-Bolshevik movement identified
with Christianity} 1 “-
## Only Spanish-langvege programs are tabulated, since atmospherics
prevented adequate reception of Portuguese.
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OFFICIAL GERNAN BROADCASTS TO LATIN AMERICA
(November 28—-December 4)
Outstanding in Berlin broadcasts to Latin Anerica during the current
woek arer a omphasis on -the importance of the new Anti-Comintern
imperialistic policies,
demonstrated by the presence of &@ French Expeditionary Force on
the Russian Front,
The North African front was hardly mentioned in the Berlin
broadoasts until the 2nd. From that date on, broadcasts contain
Bel
more frequent reports, In particular Berlin emphasizes that British tank
losses are mich harder to replace than those of the Axis, and
hemisphere and world domination, Germany and Japan are purported to be
the greatest obstacles on the path of Yankee ("Gringo")
in one program Berlin presents American labor as being widely influenced
by Communism, in another, it scores the exploitation of
nine omers. In contrast, the considerate treatment of G
imperialism. While
American miners by
‘orman mine workers
ig emphasized.
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OFFICIAL LTALITAN BROADCASTS
TO NORTH AMERICA
(In Italien and English)
Content of Analyzed Broadcasts Percent of Meaningful Itend
THIS WEEK LAST WEEX LAST MONTH
(kev, 28 = (ov. 22 (October)
-Dec. 4) = -Mov. 27)
PROGRESS OF THE WAR ~
Libyen Offensive : 13- 15 Patel
Russian Ver 9 16 ‘20
TPALY: HOME FRONT 1s
Strengths military, economio, political 10 9
Morale, virtue, culture, eto. n 2
AXIS SOLIDARITY 8 10 n
FAR EASTERN ASTAIRS
' Japanese-Anerican crisis 3 4 1
ATTACKS OF BRITAIN
Weakness: military, political, otc. 10 10
Immorality, cowardice, duplicity, etc. 3 9
ATTACKS ON THE UNITED STATES u 17
Weaknessi military, political, etc. 1
Immorality, cowardice, duplicity, etc. 6
Craticieas of President Roosevelt 4
ATTACKS ON RUSSIA
Attacks on Commmian and Russi system 3 7 7
Disovssions of aid to Rusoie -- 1 5
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OFFICXAL Ttanran BROADGASTS 10 NORTH ANERICA
. (November 28 ~ Decezber 4)
supplied by the Surrender of ths loag-regis
at Gondar,
LIGYAN OFFENSIVE
From the initiation of the British driv
the Italian radio has shown no lack of optimism
tone 4s sustained this week, with ai
era military venture, a political
ressing Anerica,
If Britain should suffer reverses,
are likely to be these: To America~-leage. ral
caanot save Britain, and Britein cannot ;
hag ne Allies to exploit; to Dogland ‘American aid was negligible;
to other parts of the Britizh Eopite: Engload ig making ber territord:
soldiers do the Girty and dangerous work in Lit
“ya.
RUSSIA AND THR WAR
The decreased percentage of iteng devoted to Russie this wask
reflects the fortanes of war on that front. Last week, with the drive
on Moscow in full force, the percontage veturned, after s2veral weeks of
selipza, to the Metcber averugs. With the resreat at Rostov and the
bacertointy of the Koscow drive, the specif{irity ef mblitery reporting
has also Cecreased with goneral statementy of ‘pregrasg? taking the
ec of specifica vlains, Fome ail. claiva, howover, thet the tattle
about Hoscow is "rushing to Gomoietion.*
ITALY
Discussions of Ttallan affairy hinge Jargely around two events:
“he Battle of Marmarica and “ho fell cf Goncar, Both avents serve oo
aas of vountest ng the claim, to which Tealiany and Italo-Anericans are
macti marly sensitive, that the Tralien ig an inferior soldier,
Ferbiowerly was the surrender of Gondur interpreted ag & "Miracle of
Tiatiaa courage ind fortitude." To seftion the bow of the surrender, Rone
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speakers declzre that the Protracted defense has hindered British
troops fron taking action elsewhere. Over two-thirds of the discussions
of Itulian courage and daring appear in Italian-languzge transmissions,
Poor reception in the middle of the week rendered impossible any
estimite of Rome's treatment of the implications of the trials at
Trieste. The only intelligible item on this subject blames the
Plot on "Jugoslav elements," —ang points to the origins of the plot
before the wir.
After Rome's failure to Jlay up the anti-Comint< rn. Pact last week,
it is not Surprising to find a Teduction in items on Axis solidarity
this week. A Bajority of the references to Solidarity deal
with military collaborition in North Africas little is said about
the broadcasts, Anti-British material hag been
of two kinds: condemning the noral basis of British policies by
highlighting alleged exploitation of allies and neutrals and by
excorlating the intentions of British leaders; and painting a picture
itary, economic, and political spheres,
This week the "dishonesty and insincerity" of British propaganda on the
main focus for ch srges of British
immorality. British weaxne
us is exemplified in Rone broadeusts by
the failure of tue British to win a quick, decisive victory in Libya
and by the discoursement of the British people over the course af the
campaicn. Churchill's mMessuze to P.rlianent, calling for further
Conscription, is also useu 48 a denonstrition of the weakness of the
British,
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ATTACKS ON THR UNITED STATES
expected in
the last two weeks on the basis of the occuvation of Surinaa and
rial still remains well
below October's average. Still centering its attackg on the
cupation of Surinag isa
cover for further imperialistic designs—the
OFFICELAL 'TALIAN BROADCASTS
TO LATIN AMERICA
(In Italian, Spenish ana Portuguese)
Content of Anslyzed Broadcastst* Percont of Meaningful. Items
THIS WEEK LAST WEEK
(Nov. 28- (Hov. 21-
Dec. 4) Nov. 27)
PROGRESS OF THE WAR
Germany vs. Russie
"Bvents are maturing on the. Moscow
front." 1h 15
Axis vs. Britain
Libya: British disappointed; sur-
prised by Axie counterattack “ 33 38
ITALY
Heroism and morale: Gonder heroes;
Reples martyrs 20 12
Strength: military and economic 6 3
AXIS COOPERATION (Italo-German solidarity;
praise of Spain and Japan} 5 Bd
ATTACKS
On Britain
Military and economic wealmess; poor
morale; imperialistic aims in Ethi-
opie 4 4
LATIN-AMERICAN AFFATRS
American impertaliam and exploitation:
Surinam; plans for Amazon empire; ex-
ploitation of Mexicans in Texas 4 6
Religion: Catholicism the enemy of
Bolshevism 1 --
Croats: 200,000 in South America express ‘
sympathy to New Order 1 --
#% «Only Italian-language programs are tabulated, since atmospherics
prevented adequate reception of Spenish and Portuguese.
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OFFICIAL ITALIAN BROADCASTS TO LATIN ALERICA
: (November 23 - December 4)
Reception during the current week has been fragmentary. ‘he few broadcaata
tecelved emphasize British Gisappointment at their failure to obtain
quick victory in Cyrenaica but the tone of the broadcast ig less
confident than during the past week. The fall of Gondar gives rise
to an outburst of emphatic oraises for
in the broadcasts in Italian,
YANKEE THPERTALISN - %
In both Spanish and Italian, Rome scores Yankee imperialistic
aims in commenting on the oceuvation of Surinam end asserts that
Curacao is next to be occupied by American troops. Alleged plans of
Roosevelt for the establishment of an Amazon Empire are agein criticized,
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OFFICHAL JAPANESE BROADCASTS
(In Baglich, Japanese and Chinese, and ineluding
chiefly the North American Service, but not ac-
tually segregated socording to beam)
Qontant, of Analyzed Brosdoasts
PROGRESS OF THE WAR
In Libya
Ia Russia
In China oe
Other: against Britain (shipping, air)
JAPAN: HOME FRONT
Strength: military, economic, political
Morale, virtus
AXIS COLLABORATION
Progress of New Order in Europe
Anti-commmist expressions, reaffirmations
of Anti-Comintern Pact,
NEW ORDER IN ASIA
Nanking, Menchukuo, Indo-China and
Theiland collaboration
Need for closer cooperation from Indo~
China and Thailand
ATTACKS
On Britain
British weakness, duolicity
On the United States
Weakness: pol., econ., mil.
Duplicity . of Americen policy,
particularly toward Ja jan
Objective or diglomatic comment on
progress of Washington negotiaticns
On Russia
Soviet wealmess, predictions of collapse
On China
Politica]. and military wealmesses;
peace sentiment in China
LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS
American imperialism
erceut of He2anin
this Week
(Nov. 26~
Dec. 2)
Puen
Bu
Lteme
Last Veeck
(Nov, 19-
Nov. 25)
NWvae
an
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OFFICIAL JAPANESE BROADCASTS
(November 26 - December 2)
either directly or indirectly, to the progress of the Washington
convergations.
The tone of the broadcasts is hostile and defiant. This week,
in contrast to earlier periods of Pacific tension, the radio makes no
“ peace appeals based on traditional Japanese-American friendship or on
economic self-interest, Listeners are repeatedly told in English,
Chinese and Japanese » that Japan will not deviate from Promier Tojols
thres demands and that Peace or war depends solely on America'g
Yecognition of practical “yealitios™ in Asia.
AMERICAN-JAPANESE NEGOTIATIONS
Charges of American hypocrisy, insincerity and duplicity have
increased from 1% to 21 percent of the broadcast items. The charges
are centered mainly on the idea that the United States is ‘stalling!
the Washington conversations while consolidating ABCD encirclement
moves against Japan. A December 5 broadcast attacks Secretary Hull "for
dishonoring his promise to keep the contents of the conversations
to himsei?.#
The table shows that 5 percent of the items represent relatively
objective statements Concerning the negotiations, Lt is perhaps
significant that none of these poses even the Possibility of a Japanese
comoromise; the extent of Tokyo's 'diplomatic! coment 4s that Japan
still, desires peace, that she will continue trying to "rectify"
Anerica's mistaken notions about the Far East, and that there is still
time for Washington to give up ita "fantastic insistence upon
basie principles.
"ASIA FOR THE ASTATICSa
Order in East Asta,
anniversary of
vation, moat of
ith discussion of Japaneao~Amorican
f Southeast Asia belongs to Japan's
angrily projects imperialist designs onto
of aggrossive
only a cloak to hide
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their own schemes for invesion. One commentator candidly admits that
Japan's fundamental aim ig not to have tg little possession temporarily ,#
but, in line with General Tojo'a highly publicined speech, to purge
through these broadcasts ia the rallying cry, "Agia for the Asiatics.®
Natives of Burma, Malaya, the Netherlands Indies and Thailand are en-
couraged to resiat their "oppressors." The. prolongation of the China
war is now explained almost solely as the Tesult of American machinations
to keep Japan and China divided. In this connection, it is perhaps
significant that early in the week one of Tokyo's coamentators
for Monopolizing Asia by destroying Japan and eventually dominating
SOUTHEASTERN ASIA FoR JAPAN?
There is an increase in references to the need for closer collabo-
ration from Indo-China and Thailand, in the interests of lay and
order. These itoma may be a forerunner of Japan's answer to
President Roosevelt's Yequest for an explanation of Japanese troop
subversive elements in Indo-China, 88 an argument for tighter
Japanese control. While Thailand ig treeted more respectfully, it 1a
pointed out that Japan will not Permit the "very extensive anti-
Japenose propaganda® in Thailand to get out of hand. In addition,
"occupation by anti-~Japanese Powers" or the "creation of revolutio
forces" within Thailand. Tokyo intersperges ita threats against
Thailand, however, with assurances that Japan harbors no desires for
Thai territory, but wants only Thailand's sincere participation in
East Asia's New Order,
THE ANTI-COMINTERN PACT
There is a slight but sustained proportion of discussion devoted to
the renewal of the Anti-Comintern Pact. In ideological commen:
Tokyo differs markedly from Berlin and Rome in that it bitterly
attacks communism but dees not directly attaek Soviet Russia. Hostility
toward Russia is revealed rore indirectly, by the reading of und4luted
Bevlin reports of German military successes in Russia, by the nunerougs
predictions of Russia's forthcoming collapse ,and by the constant relaying
of rumors of anti-Soviet sentiment in, or "betrayals™ of Russia by, the
United States and Britain.
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OFFEC TAL DEGAULLE
FROM
FRENCH EQUATORIAL
(Th Englich and Breach,
BROADCASTS
BRAZZAVitLttLeE, ‘
AFRICA
but not segregated according to bean)
OFFICIAL DE GAULLE BROADCASTS
(Novenber 28 ~ Daceuber 4)
Since this is the first analysis of transcripts of Brazzaville broad -
casts in English (those in French not yet being regularly available),
certain general ch..racteristics nay be noted as background usterial.
In the broddcusts, there -ig: 1) Lyttle propaganda strategy in the
technical sense. Script writers prevent tronds ang situations ag
crime thut doeg not pay." 3) Consistent presentation of the French |
people us united in honorable resistance to Vichy. 4) Enphasis on
utterances of General De Gaulle ag being infused with the
Laspirational qualities of the deader, 5) Organization of each
THIS WEEK
In one bYogram, Brazzaville achieves a rounded sortrait of
shel Potain, presenting him in almost Shakespeuraan terma as "the
betrayer and the betrayed® —duping France because he wag duped by
tae Germans,
ho Situation in tort Afticu: Brazzaville expresaes its usuel
uncertainty as to whether Petain veally wishes to resist Gernan
dementia, but Lb explains that the possibility of such rosistance depends
“pon two factors: first, "Increasingly Snergetic action on the part
of the United States," and secoml, "2 rapid and Successful conclusion
of hostilities in the western desert! "The latter,” addg tha
commentator, ‘unfortunately Works both ways, for the more
imminent the defeat of the Nazia,..tho greuter becomes their nead for
the territory in qvestion,®
Goneral De Gaulle's Views on the Wars A speech by De Gaulie,
Teported by Bragzaville, argues the importance of North Africa as a
bridgehead, particularly for air action, for democratic moves against
the Avin in the Yediterranean,
Tha development of Brazzaville as the Brea French cenitai is
revicwed, Vinally, a broadcast in Freneh from Braazavilie, in
cxonerating Cumelin of treason, states that the men who really
betrayed France were Doriot, Laval, M.rras and especially Rone Belin,
now idinister of Labor in Vichy, formerly a Socialist loader in the 0.G.7,,
and aditor of "LIEffort,* which attempts to buttress the Vichy regime with
& neo~Socialiyt ideology.
OFFICIAL BRITISH BROADCASTS
TO NORTH AMERICA *
(In Bnglish)
Content of Analyzed Broadcasts Porcent of Meaningful Items
THS WEEK LAST WEEK
(Nov. 28- (Nov, 21-
: Dec, 4} Nov. 27}
PROGRESS OF THE WAR -.
Britain vs, Gormany ky
Libya: British military atrength 18
Libya: Axis mobility 4
Other ae! 3 ‘
Russia ve. Germany . 16
German woalmesa and retreat at Rostov 26
German threat to Moscow 7
Continuing allied aid to Russia 2
FAR EAST 4
Japanese indecisicn 5
ABCD powers ready 5
Kurusu-Washington tals 6
BRITAIN
Strength: economic and political; conscrip-
tion resolution 4 2
ALLIES
Cooperation in Russia, in Middle and Yar East 7 y
AXIS
Pressure on France 5 2
Yugoslav resistance 4 --
AFPEALS
To the U. S.: for labor unity 1 8
OTHER (Anti-Comintern Pact; Anglo-French
tension, etc.) 3 23
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OFFICIAL BRITISH BROADCASTS TO NORTH AMsRICA
(November 28 - December 4)
References to. military activities on the Idbyan and Russian fronts
and the worsening of the Far Eastern situation predominate during the
first part of the week, with increasing reference on later days to allied
unity and the poser of democratic institutions in Britain.
THE WAR XN LIBYA
References to the war in Libya over the BBC drop during the
past week, being superseded by details of military activity in Russia.
his ta apperently dus to the fact that the Libyan offensive has been
on this and other fronts in the
willtary picture wag incomplete,
Empire unity of the fighting forces. In this week, however, the BBC
stresses military details, even though the British sus
While the BBC never doubted ~ and still refuses to doubt ~ that
roupeated in recent days, that "the object of our army’ command in Libya
is the destruction of enemy tanks. Qverything elye is subservient to
‘that great purpoge.4 Perhaps anticivating erlticism the BEC declares
that “shen it's over the British campaign will bo showm.as ea carefully
Wapped out plan based on sxperlence of desert warfi.re and cooperation
stveen land aud air forces, Stressing other difficulties which
itish forces are encountering, the BEC declares thet tho "German
Can cores are tough and skilful opponents whom it will be an
honor to beat.
RUSSIA: ONGE AGAIN IN THY FOREFRONT
Broadcast items devoted to the war in Russia - enpectally to the
retreat of the Germans at Rostoy ~
week. On Yecomber fives, second asd third, BBC speakers sovesa the
major importance of Rusuin in the military news. "The most interesting
of the Myebbing fronts," gaye Ze. A. Montague, BBO news analyst, "1s tho
Russian one.” "the bent nove of the week," says Vernon Bartlett, "1p the
counterofzsngive at Rovtove" The Sritish devive a great doal of
Sotiofaetion from Russiala vietory, foeliry first of all that the
throats to the Caucuauy oi flolds ig Llauideted for nontha to coma and
thes they, tho British, were vartiaily responsible for thiu success.
iy reinforcements
Por, acvording to Vernon Bartlott *eonsiderable ao.
lave oven sonh ty Cormeny to Libya even at tho visit of very mich
Weakeniny the German attack on Russia in itg nost orlvical. phase,
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Even shipping which was concentrsted in Greal ports, apparently in
preparation for the attacks on the Caucasian oi] fields....wes brought
to carry German and Italian reinforcements to Litya.* The British,
on the other hand, do not fail to stress the danger which still faces
Moscow, In addition, there aré suggestions of a forthcoming
Russian counteroffensive in that area.
FAR EAST |.
References to the Far East have multiplied during the past week and
the British propaganda line in that area haa reversed itself, hereas
jest week there was a broadcast which called "for a settlement, even a
temporary one," the BBC quotes Australian sources this week and seconds
them, to the effect that "we want peace in the Pacific but we think that
the time for a..peasement has come to an end." The BBC passes tha
buck completely to the United States, declaring that it will follow USA
lead. In relation to the Far East situation, there are steady assertions
of aelf and allisd strength (the Australians declare themselves as 'ready!
and express faith in Britain and the United Stetea) together with
aacereions on Japanese indecision and her position as stooge to Germany
in the Aris. A note of anxiety is evidenced in EBC admissions, that if
the Japanese were to enter the war, vital British forces would have to
ba removed from the ilediterranean and other areas. On the other hand,
SBC speakers advise that auch a move by Japan would be 'national
suicide! and thet long-run Nazi ains include doainetion of Japan.
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OFFICIAL SOVIET BROADCASTS
TO NORTH AMERICA
(™m English)
Content of Analyzed Broadcasts Percent of Meeningful tome
. This Week Last Week
(Rov. 27~ (Nov. 20~
Dee. 3) Nov. 26)
PROGRESS OF THE WAR
Germans forced cut of Rostov io _-
Other: British advance in Libya; 2 9
Far Last
SOVIET UNTON
MAlitary and Eccnomle Strength 2 _
Morale and Heroism 20 31
DIMOCRACIZS (Praised; support of Russie) 2 7
NEUTRAL AND OCCUPIED TERRITORIES 2 24,
Finland: war is against ite interests;
eitizens desive expulsion of Germang
Rumanias militarily weak, requests ro-
turn of northern Transylvania
Spain: relations with Germany and U. S.
Other: unrest ir: Yugoslavia, France,
Czecho-~Slovakia, Belgium, Holiand and
Norway
ATTACKS
On Germany
Military Wealmons 28
Decline of Morale 2
Inmorality (plunder of oocupicd areas; 2 —_
atrocities)
Propaganda lies 5
Anti-Comintern Congréss ridiculed 4
Ita
Military Weeknens
Inmorality
NN
eS
APPEALS (Nazis threaten worlds; werld must
unite against Fusctam; second front jn
Europe needed)
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OFFICIAL SOVIET BROADCASTS TO NORTH AMERICA
(November 27 - December 3)
Although reception is fragnentary, it ajpears that as usual, the
Soviets strags in their broadcasts for the week the strength of
their morale, the imuorality and wealmesses of the Fascists, and the
rising tide of unrest in the German-occupied areas of furone.
Actions leading to the liberation of Rostov are described. The
English-speaking peo.les are again assured that Finland's continuance in
the war is against the interests of the Finnish peonle, thet
Hitlerism is a menace to the United States as well as the rest of
tan rorld, and that the Russians still nave fewer tanks than the
Germans. British and American decisions to curtail exporta to
Spain are asprovad.
INTERESTS UF FINNISH PEOPLE BETRAYED BY WAR AGAINST U.S.S.R.
Apparently still striving to eliminate Finland as one of their
adversuries, the Russians are encouraging American pressure by
Statements that the war against the Soviet Union is "contrary to the
national interest of the Finnish peonle." Moreover, the Soviets
claim that Finnish soldiers are engerly awaiting the "happy" day when
tna Americans and British help "to drive the Germans out" of their
coumtry, It is allaged that Finnish troogs are being used in the
Faselet drive aguinst Moscow end in the Dkraing and, consequently,
maxing the Ruseian defense problem more diffLoult.
APPEALS FOR ‘IOHLD ASSISTANCE AGAINST HITLERISM
Though not as urgent in theic requests for outside assistance
ag in the iumediata pust, Soviet broadousters do not fail to renort
that Russia still bears "the brunt of the struggle against the Hitlerite
barbarfans#¥—~although Britain and the United Statesare menaced by
Neeton just aa is the Soviet Union, ‘The admission of Soviet numerical
interfority in tanks is highlighted by very detailed descri»tions of
Succeuuful Russian cavalry actions against German tank units.
APPROVAL OF AMERICAN DECISION TO CURTAIL OIL EX°ORTS TO SPAIN
The oxpert of American o11 to Sain and the Pritizh loan to the
Sandards to purchuse Yoodstuffa are said to have made "a very
‘ivoracle impression on ths Ssanish population." Nevertheless, the
poeneen government ellogedly deceived the British and American goveraments
y Te-oxporting to Germany. ‘Thus ths Russians apsrove the American
decision to curtail exports to Spain.
FREEDOM STATION BROADCASTS
(In German, Italian, French and Danish)
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FREEDOM STANTON HROATONSTS”
i (Hov, 24 - Dee. 4)
Tho Preedon ‘atations are "undergrovnd” treamitters opposing
tha government of the hone country. “he location of auch i
auations 1g unimown and their Legitiuacy ts sanstines questioned,
country. Such fraedex atations my be valuzble for counter= *
prepaganda leads, for clues to internal conditiona, and or other
"ingide” information, The pant two Weeks have geen thease asvalop«
nonte in freodan-station broadcasting: ~ *
SENDER OF TRE TUROPEar PEVOLUTION (Cerzan)
fa appeals divestad at the asses of the Gorton Population, this
station goss all-out for the defeat of Bytler and for tas victory
of the vorkers in a seotaltet Surore, Bost received of all
fvendom atationa to éate, this left-wing Cexmaa Sandoz includes
4 fav more or less dtapeesionate mews items in 49 coxsentary.
Tas role of the 3.8.10 the var has doen etven first cuplaaie
during the past con days. he Line tekon by Gorman Sender ig
Tevealod by two quotations: "amsrioa 1a resolved to do her part?
and "Ihe shadey of the U.S. bangs ever Berlin,” the settlement
of the coal atrike, lead-lease aid to the Tree French, ths
Svucupation of Dutch Gulera, tho stepoing of of1 shigaents to
Spain, the note to Finlané, negotintioss with dapen--all. thase
av8 presented as evidence of increesing Amarican Partioipstion
an ths war against Bitler, Evan Mero, bUvaver, the Sender
stxopses ‘the productive ceonolty of the U.3., prodisting thas
in thea "war of sontinente* the Amexisen indy trial alot will tay
wut produce Zuvane., The use of American tanks and plaaen dy
bon Brltie te Inverpreted as “the aocenge of Sibya. For the
Sivat time 46 wan Practically shown, teva waat importance the
‘uoriean exmamons Production zay bsva.? Thte vhole amkasis on
U.S. actul ond potential Intervention is presumatly ainod at
pressing the Gorrsn here frant vita the oovelletsan Deiveon
war and Yould Yar I,
She dcuble objective ov splitting
fovermioat and ov arepaiiag 9 propagundsy
‘ Not only to Ruseda
Meaal trout tus the vee
maliging affect” p ie cowher -rovellitiion ,
SS Rema, the conestiona of Tasclom ava theasalvep protucing a
4b of veuistercs end revelt amoaz the masaos. this uns of
"seoda of doctruction" inborpretattor, auggosts tho Muerint
bas of the etation,
4 Ine
‘ko real. purpose of he ADR I ion whe nn meoting was concure
rily dacussed by the etation in toe now (Dacexber 5)
Es least Fartdally confismed, . Ax vith Radio Demark, the
Qovigaa Sender station identifiod the rurpess. as “recruiting,
ruiting." Cn December 4, dispatohea from Berlin nmerted
at the Cermins hed eqllsd on italy end Slovakta for mere troops.
Reports of omen panes Yonlove owe dellitied by the station
on the ground that although Hitler vanta peace, he is not atrong
enough to get it. Proaumably, the atetioa's objective 1s to éis-
Guurage hopes ef peace under Hitler, thus strengthening anti-Hitler
opiuion vithin Cexmany.
ILTN2 FREEDOM SEATION. (Gexnan)
This etatien ts firmly pro-Genmn and violently anti-Hazi
aud gatieItelien. It takes pride in the strength of German corms
tnt launches concentrated attacka om party graft and on tho dnepti+
tnée of the Italiang. The sain speaker, Justay Biegfeted Yoing ?
wea profanity and obscene Janguasm to, enliven bis commentary, thus
guving the atetion a QePinitely aeacnline tone very prebably designed
foo amay men,
Duriag the zomitored period, tires specific charges ars rade
against the Bast party: {1) arefs somected vith poor equirment tn
ya; (2) favoritiam in the aviation auhsols, keeping ingiructors
“th "party connections" 2rem the Serens aad lowering uorais; (3)
“att Prom bad meat imported to Gerweny. In tho first two casea is
thy porsong allagediy voaponsibie arc specifically nawed, porbang
ww baoly thet the station hae suse acesse to confidential sources
or information, In ite only other wphuets, the station advecataa
tia’ Germany abanion the talions rather than "lose gocd German
Livae te eave the Spaghotti-benders," and eritictzes the treatment
e790 wounded derman coldters in caxpled Francs,
SeEtO TRALLA
“apiteltuing on tha reported luw aorale in Triegts, the ono
weoadeast renitored from thin station, an Lesumber 3, cmpiasices
Ue coma inkebants of tha suuidgemsa 92 ‘tans avon and the berdore
tee Slava “agataat Feacien and Eek tha war.” datdetexnan
Tualings emeng the population 2 explo icoil 1a cherges that
tale Ctnllan deaet: ’ their owi uss, Me
vu makee dire of Italien sailors and for
Vado THOMAS. (Frenok}
im @liegad deal bp tnfluor Meme. sroupe, w Uhe teat
oval of Zrtnin, bo aetk ont the ierch Atzlean Anpirs ts tke
T-3
uu tus receives atreng demmediatica Prem this Frenoh freeden
n in the single vroadcnst: rsceived,. for November 27.
or monitered program wan “jammed” beycnd intelligibility).
4 13 aaid to involve (1). the non-interment of dermen
in Taniaia, in the event of a votreat tye Libya; (2)
sonu predicts "a now propagaaia canpaign...that America is ‘
“weevening North Africa and Dakar, while it ie Germany and Germany
i026 that ie aiming to invade ther,”
Mhe atation aleo streases the subjugation of France in the
it Europe, “where no state can be completely independent” and
‘mete “squality between Germany and her vaseel stetas will exist
only on the cultural and spiritual level." Tho goverrmmont's aeli-
cat in Horth Africa ang the bleak Frospecta of ite collaboration
culley serve as the prelude to appeals for "resistance » Stubborn
sueievance, registance every mimate, resigtance which nothing can
werceme, veslatance..,."
ADIO DENA
Reaction te the recent anti-Cenintorn reeting features the
‘3e byeedeaste received te date from this Dunish etation, The
3 interpretetion held by the Geran Sender station ta taken by
io fonmark: signers ef the vact diacovered “that it Yas their
dity So help @ermny not cmly morally, but alao with material end
seeopu.” Yho atation instatn tuat Danaurte's position as a nea-
comcatant country has ben changed by the signing cf the pact,
ice the govermment's declaration to the oowsrary, and pio~
Danish wobilisazion te auoply Rammany with needed troops
Ha skort time." Wor the reuws, Radio Denrark streasas outright
‘eamiance to Germany, with Gtrost suneals gor Aiswissel of the
ovarment and the “deliverance of Permurk.”
ton last:
rapyy?"
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Number 32
FOREIGN BROADCAST MONITORING SERVICE
»- FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
WEEKLY
ANALYSIS
OF
OFFICIAL FOREIGN BROADCASTS
FOR THE WEEK
JULY 3-9, 1942
July 11, 1942
CONTENTS
Reviow of the Weck--Page 1
Enemy Nations Page United Nations
Germany Great Britain 36
To North America 3 Australia 40
To Latin America 8 U.S.S.R, 43
Doinostic 10 ‘ China 45
Dominated 12
K Axis to Noar East 14 Other Nations
i France 48
| Itely Sweden & Switzerland” 53
| To North America 16 Spain 55
| To Latin America 20 Latin America 67
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Japan
To North America 23
To Japanese R27
Occupied Asia 33
To Latin America 35
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REVIEW OF THE WEEK nls
a Special Report which accompanies this Weekly Analysis compares the treat-
nent of the North African and Russian campaigns by the najor transmitters.
RUSSIa aND NORTH AFRICA
The relative stalemats in Egypt end the progress of tho German armies in
Russia are accompanicd by a striking change in emphasis on Axis transmitters.
Both the Gorman and Italian radios forseke North Africa for Russia. Rone
gives up any inmediato prospects of succoss in Egypt in favor of tho (bo~
latedly acknowlodged) "groat offensivo" against the Russien amos (p 17).
Gerneny to North Ancrica finally abandons -its vrovious caution, describos
the Russian undertaking as on an "unprecedented, scalo," and specks of Ger.
nen victories with unrostreinod onthusiasn. It tekes this occasion to
point out the romerkably sell Gorman lossos in tho entiro Russian campaign
p 4). The Gcrmen radio boasts clanorously over the reported success against
tho convey to Murnensk, and clains to have made this route "the Burna Road
of Russia" (p 6). In spite of the generally rdverso reports, tho Sovict
redio continues its customary expressions of confidence, and insists that
resistance egainst tho Gormens is groatcr then over bofore. It calls again
for a second Huropean front, and refers perticulnrly to Bolgiun, Yugoslavia,
end Frenco as rendered nore vulnerable by Gornen withdrewals (p 43). ‘The
B3C admits tho grevity of the prosent nilitary situation in Russia, but is
confident that tho Russians will be the eventual victors. It mentions again
tho danger of attack by Japen as a Consoquence of Russien difficultios (p 37).
ankare. also regards the Russian position as serious, but insists that the
Russions are far fron heving lost the battle (Sce Special Roport).
4 comperison butwoen Gernen bropdeasts and tho communiques from the Gernan
High Command indicates that for tho past few works tho latter have given
auch less.attention to North africa, and much more to the Hussian fighting,
Tho conmunigues also leave tho "§.S, Gonoral" Romnol in comparative noglect,
whereas ho still is being glorifiod by the radio. This ney indicate somo
@ogreo of conflict botwoen tho Gorman High Command and tho Propaganda Minis-
try (Seo Specirl Renort), Apparently enticipating a protrectod struggle in
Ssypt, Rone to North america stresses tho relativoly casy task of the British
as contrasted with the axis forcos nt tho bottleneck of Hl Alamein (p 1”),
Sone of the erod@it for tho Italian success is @ivon to British "insult!"
Propaganda, which dy its abuso of Italian fighting quelitics causod the
Italien soldiors to fight with oxtra venon (p 18). In contrast with Italian
Caution, Javanose broadcasts show a striking degrco of optinisn concerning
the prospects of cn carly sixis victory over practically all of Africa ana
the Noar Bast (Sco Spocial Report). The BBC turns from last woek's pes—
sinisn to noderatoly cheerful connont (p 37),
f£ropagende. aftcrmeth: Brordersts in arabic fren Rone and Berlin coaso fore~
Cests rogardi 3 Ronriol's drive, and concentrate on the official axis doclare-
tion of July 3, proclaining "Beyot for tho Egyptians." Tho Egyntian populace
*8 pictured as showing increasing ompesition to the British (pp 14-15),
Pan urges the Moslens to take up the sword and the Koren in the intcrest
of Pon-Islanisn (p 33),
MO ANNIVERSARIES
The firth anniversary of the "China Incident! reprosonts @ propngends vro~
Lem for the Jenaneso, who seen uncortain as to how far the war has progres-—
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sed, and mrkxo contradictery prodictions as to how long it will last. In
broadcasts to Chine, Japenese vrovagandists place loss stress on thoir re~
lative failure in tho Chine, war, and more on their succosses elsewhere in the
Far East. Thoy add a chorus of vraise for Japan from the satcllite nations
(pp 29-30), An epoocal for an ond to fighting is made to the Chinese in terms
of racial mity, connon culture, and "co-vrosperity" (p 33). China, on tho
other hand, points to hor "opic rosistance" as reassuranco to hor allies
thet sho will continue the fight, end again calls on tho United Nations,
perticulnrly tho United Stetes, to disvose of Japan, "tho weakest link in the
ession bloc!" (» 46), This appeal receives a partial ocho on tho australi-
an radio, which indicates tho unity of Chinose-Austrelian objectives, and
quotes Chincso sourcos as to the kind of. reinforcemonts which America is
oxpectcd to sond to China (p 41). ‘
Wak AIMS
Most of tho redios in recent wooks neke proprganda capital out of war eins.
Tho Jepenesu radio refers to a post-war world in which Greater East Asia will
Goninate worl, economies, and Japon will doninate GEA. Contrasted with the
alens published sy Dr. Funk for tho economic structure of the Buropean New
Order, the Japanese schene is "nore Asiatic, positive and constructive" (p 28).
The Gernen domestic radio attenpts to bolster morale at hone, at least to the
extent of-porsunding the Gornmans to accept any herdships, by insisting that
this is « wer for the survivel of the German people, and thet defeat would
bring ryout their oxtorminntion, British statenonts concerning tho -yunish+
Rent to which tho Germans will be subjected when the United Nations win, are
cited to »rove the point (p 10). China suanarizes her war ains as consisting
of (1) tho disarming of tho Axis powors, (2) self-dctermination for all
Peoples, end (5) internetionrl collaboration (p 47), Tho BBC, vossibdly in
response to the criticisn thet it is too "leftish," broadcasts an unusual
Spoech by s, Conservative member of Prrliancnt who strossos "nationol security"
ead who prefors the "cooperntion of patriots" to "intornstionalisn" (p 39).
OTHER DMPHASSS
Tho Noutrais: Svein asoires to the cont wl of the westorn vert of Mussolini's -
"Marc Nostrua," end implies thet tho British will soon be out of Gibraltar
(> 55). Tho spooch by argentine Prosident Castillo (p 46) is commendod by
the Italian vadio as good Latin american statesmenship (p 22).
Vichrs Potain's varioty of collaborationism, vesced on en admission of
Freneo's worknoss ond cefcet, is greduelly being réplaced by Leval's position,
Weich refuses to rogard Franco as "Deaten" and predicts great gains if
France intogrates hersolf fully with the New Zurono (p 49).
OFF
PAL
TO
GERMAN
NORTH AMER
(In German and English)
ICA
BROADCASTS
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF ANALYZED BROADCASTS
Eorcent of Meaningful Ttoms
THIS WEEK LaST WEE
(July 2-8) (Juno 25—d
English Gorman Both
92% Items 322 Itoms 1249 Items 1173
nea OPERATIONS. _ Pes 51h ASib
Far East 1 1 1
Russia 20 (up 6) 29 (up 20) 23
N. Africa-Moditorrancan 8° vd 8
Sea lanes 13 (up 10) 10 (up 2) 12
Gormany—England 2 4& 2
GERMANY 16 4 13 a
Strength 4 2 3
' Morality Yi mi 6
Dominated territory 5 x “&
PRIPARITTS RELATIONS
ea
joa
ea
FT OW UNITED ST.TES 8 14 12 12
Leadors and grouns 2 (off 1) 3 (up 3) 2 2
: Brope aganda, 4 2 4 -
Military woaknoss a 38 2 a
Economic weaknass 1 (off 3) 5 (up 1) 3 4
Other - 1 1 “&
ATTACKS OW ENGLAND 15 19 15 18
Loaders and groups -& (up 1) S (off 4) 3 4
Propaganda 2 (off 6) 2 (off 2) 2 7
Military worknoss 2 “a 3 2
Empire problems 4 (up 1) 6 (up 4) 4 3
Other 3 4 3 2
: | RUSSIA 3 fl 2 Z
ALAGKS ON ALLIS 6 5 6 7
Propaganda 2 1 a 2
Weakness and immorality 4 4 5 5
OTHER 5 3 3 5
TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100%
GERMANY TO NORTH AMERICA -4-
\ (July 3-9 )
Unrestrained enthusiasm for the
Russian front and a tendency to shun discussion of the fighting in North
Africa characterizes Nazi propaganda from Berlin this week, Cessation
Russion front ere reflected in a reversal of positions between North
Africa and Russia on the Nazi radig during the past week. (North Africa
* down from 21% to 8%, Russia up from 12% to 23%.) In this present
position, the Berlin radio agrees at last with the German army com~
other German generals; (a point
ccompanying this issue of the
Weekly Analyis) . Ship sinkings received more notice this week than
RUSSIA VS NORTH AFRICA ,
The.Nazis this week talk with increasing volubility about Russia.
German undertakings an \the, Hastern front are declared to be an offonsive
on an “unvorecedented Scale," "the greatest tacti
history," compared with which the battles of Ker
"intermezzo Prologues." Not merely the magnitud
the rapturous fancy of the Nazi commentators ;
too is handled with almost equal ardor.
from the Russians a vital industrial and
off the Southern front from direct railwa:
The day of the ahnouncement of the fall of Sevastopol 1s deemed a
propitious one on which
to reveal the German casualties for the 1st
year of the Soviet-German war: 272,000 dead; 66,000 missing. On July
(Voronezh) permits another announcement
7 18,000 wounded, 1600 missing. If the wounded
he Russian-German war were in the same proportion
ae at Sevastopol, it is clear why that total (1,140,000) wag omitted
from the July end announcement. Russian losses were alloged ta be,
ten times German casualties,
Sword vs Pen: The communiques of the German High Command contrast, t
Sharply with the Berlin radio under Dr. Goebbels! control in their treat-
Ment of Egypt and Russia, Whereas the communiques consistantly devote
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only about one-fifth of their attention to North African fighting and
give Russia much more and increasing prominence through the course of
three weeks, the Berlin radio begins the period with more attention to
yorth Africa than to Russia; it ends the period with a reversal of the
relationship. The divergence between communiques and broadcasts emerges
quite vividly from ea comparison of the frequency with which individual
generals are mentioned in the respective media. Whereas, Rommel is by
far the favorite general of the radio, he is cited only once in the com-
muniques while other generals (on the Russian front) receive leudatory
comment. These contrasts way be interpreted as indicative of conflicts
between the Wehrmacht and the Propaganda Ministry.
An Orderly Withdrawal on the Propaganda Front: North Africa
on the North African fighting, the Nazis are afflicted with more than
thoir usual reticence as the woek progresses: Whereas at the beginning
of the wook, radio attention to North Africa exceeds that given to Russia
by the end of the week, the relationship is very pronouncedly reversed.
he stalemate at El Alamein is pushed into the background continuously
through the week with more and more frequent references to the diffi-
culties cf the conditions of fighting and the "stubbornness" of British
resistance. The chronicle of British misdeeds in Egypt and of Egypt's
longing for the deliverance which the Axis promises which in the first
2/5 o7’ the woek took up some of the space vacated by Nazi reticence
on military matters also diminishes as the week ends, loaving only a
few very bare references to local engagements. The fortunate con-
fluence of skilled caution in earlier roporting on the North African
fighting and tho turn of events in Russia enables the Nazis to carry
out this withdrawal into déilence without difficulty.
SHIPPING: BERLIN RINGS THE BELL
This wook Borlin floods the othor with 2 clanor of bonsting over
Gormany's or uucecesa against the Murmensk co y -chipping directly
rolevant to i andor theater of oporstions. Through the propagenda
dovice of using tho Lutine Boll to toll out the number of Alliod ohipping
“9 durtag tha proceding twonty four hours, Berlin adds dramatic
to ity nuncuncoments of ship cinings. Also now cro roports of
q o numbor of Allin’ unveal losses d@uring the previous day, and of the
consequent shortnge of convoy protection.
7 The Lutine Bell clangs with a vengoance over the Murmansk convoy
catustzopho": 32 ships sunk; 1 cruiser destroyed; over 250,000 tons
of war equipment and supplies to Davy Jones! locker, enough to equip
fully an army of 50,000 mon; tho product of months of American labor
sent to the bottom. Fifteen vercont of Berlin's broadcasts on July
7 and 8 aro devoted to the subject. Of these references, % considerablo
proportion ig also concormed with the strategic implications of the
disaster," most of which are claimed to demonstrate the imminence of
Russia's ¢ollapse. . and tho impossibility of Anglo-American aid.
According to Borlin, tho Murmansk route, "the Burma Road of Russia,"
has beon proved as much of a "death trap” for Anglo-American ships as
was tho Mediterranoan for English convoys. Furthermore, just as the
=
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Mediterranean battle Presaged the fall of Tobruk, so are the Murmansk
losses a portent of equivalent Russian defeats.
"SECOND FRONT MADNESS"
wee
The convoy defeat ig also added to the list of recent Axis suc-
cesses which, this week, evoke a profusion of Second front argumentation
and derision such as Berlin has only approached before. Giving the im-
pression of supreme and absolute confidence in Germany's ability to
crush any invader, Berlin broadcasters act_as if the subject, heretofore
half-repressed and viewed with uncertainty, had suddenly been releksed from
all circumscriptions of anxiety and doubt. Undoubsedly, the broadcast of
Goebbels’! DAS RETCH article, "Entry to Europe Blocked," set the line, but
the German victories at Sevastopol, Voronezh, and in the Arctic contribute.
Studding its broadcasts with taunts and sarcasm, Berlin introduces
ly considering an
invasion of the Continent, How, for example, asks Berlin, can American
en the Russians, even
though numerically and materially Powerful, already established on the
fied defenses, have
deen unable to stem the might of a German army capable of storming
"{mpregnabdle" Sevastopol. Goobbels answers--"madness!" To further
strongthen its case, Berlin quotes a CHICAGO TRIBUNE editorial of July 2
"'second front ig already in existence. +ein the
nist sympathizers
88 basis for the claim that any people in the United States "have no
particular interest in the Second front, as it could benefit...only the
Communists." The first American bombing of the Continent on Independence
Day is also treated in the Second front context: "what @ puny contribution
to Allied efforts to establish a second front! " And, in other broadcasts,
“What a terrific rate of loss--33 1/3 % of all our bombers shot down."
That this One-third is composed of two planes is not mentioned. (The par-
ticipation of American planes in the raid was not mentioned in domestic
broadcasts. )
THE LAND OF THINKERS » POETS AND NIGHT-CLUB ENTERTAINERS
A major event on the Berl
n radio this week ig the Goebbels'speech
delivered at the opening of the
annual “Great Gorman. Art Exhibit" in Munich
Proposition, not that Germany isa great military power,
but that she ig Ney country of culture." In this context the main benefit of
inst their will, is the fact that it
iritual, philosophical and artistic
mattors,"
The insistence of thig Speech on Gorman peace
only faint military over-tones are reflected, as ig often the case with
leader-spseches, in radio talks of the smaller fry. "Paul Revere" spends
& busy day in Munich. He partakes of "an excellent lunch" which he de-
Scribes course by course; he visits museuns; he attends an evening
Performance of Faust, and ends his broadcast with quotations from a series
-time virtues and its
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of statistics which serve to illustrate the German book-printing boom
in 1941... Thig attempt to soll Germany to America ig only partially new
Revere ofton tries to present Gemmany in a rosy light and two other
programs also scem to serve this same Purpose: An American Girl Sees
War Time Gormany and George Cayling Broadway. The first .of these pro-
grams, although only recently monitored by the FRMS » hag been on the
air for sorte time and is somothing like one of tho final volumes in a
series for'teon-ago girls. The heroine, Helen Davies, and her best
friend who married a fascinating German aristocrat » chatter and giggle
about their delightful experiences in. war-time Germany but neyer get any
nearer to the war than ‘working at (their) convenience y usually two or
three deys a week, at tho canteen," George Calling Broadway has only
been broadcasting for threo weeks. It is set against a Paris background
and is evidently intended to arouse anti-British and pro-German sentiments
in Americans who enjoyed (or wish thoy had) French night-life during the
"20's and '30's. Prom these dlfferont programs and from the: Gocbbels!
speech the following sales techniques seen to appear: (1) de “cultural”;
(2) bring in Proper names attractive to American tourists (1.2. Salzburg,
Hofbraukaus, Deutsche Museum, Champs Elysee); (3) create congenial Gerran
characters (Holen Davies! friend's eristocratic husband; Revore's
“old Munich frionds"); (1) dwell on the beauties of the German country-
side and the excellence of German food,
ADVICE AND PROMISES TO "GERMANS ABROAD"
Borlin continues its attention to those of German atock, but this
veek in torms of propaganda advice and post-war promises (timed, perhaps,
with the current German successes in order to justify the sovndnoss of
its advice and the reality of its promises). In an unusually direct
and unambiguous German-language broadcast, Berlin cautions Germans in
North and South America against the iniquities of "hostile and dubious-
ly neutral propaganda" and advises them to make contact with the "poli-
ticel leader of the Auslandsorgani zation (Organization Abroad)" for
his judgment on duhious bropaganda. The broadcast also suggests, be-
tween the lines, that Germans should cooperate with this "propegandist
of the Gorman cause." Such Germans now Living abrond will be accorded
spocial privileges in tho exploitation of German-oncupied Russia, provided
that these privileges have deen," Justified" by “cooperation,”
OF F
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BROADCASTS
GERMAN
LATIN AMERICA
(In Spanish end German)
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF aNALYZED BROADCASTS
THIS WEEK
(July 2-8)
Gor.~lang. ‘Span.-lang.
Broadcasts Broadcasts
708 Items e87 Ttoms
Percont of Meaninzful Items
Both lang.
Broadcasts 4
1595 Items 1754 Item
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO AXIS TOTORY 69% 6l% 65% 49%
Military Oporations :
Far Bast 3). 4 3 6
Russia 18 (up 15)27 (up 20) 23 * 5
Libya 4 4 (off 9) 4 10
atlantic 3 4 3 3e
West Europe 4. 2 3 1
Mediterrencan ° 2 2 2 1
Other Factors
U.S. failuro in production 4 1 2 1
Indus. & gr. capacity of Buropo 0 ce} fe) i
Gorman military suporiority 20 (up 9) 9 15 6
U.N, mil. & naval inferiority Vd 2 4 8
Other 4 6 6 va
AXIS PEACE AIMS 5 9 2 8
DESCRIPTION CF AXIS Insa: UDIOUS 13 10 12 9
European culturo 12 7 10 5
Gorman National Socialist idoology 0 fe) fe) 1
Other 2 3 2 3
CONDEMMADION, UNITED NATIONS POLICY ia(off o5)16 147 30
Attacks on Britain
Regime and leaders 4 1 3 5
Propaganda. ° 4 2 6
Attacks on U.S.
Foreign policy ° fo) ie) 2
Propaganda 0 (off 9) 0 ce) 6
Communist menace 0 (off 7) 0 fe) 4
Other 4 (off 5)13 8 vd
PRalSS OF AXIS PLANS FOR L.A. (0) fe) ie} z
MUNACE OF U.S. 70 Lea. 1 ie} 0 2
Economic harm brought to Lia, by
U.S, policios 1 ie} ie) 1
Monaco of U.S, to L.A.
Sovorcignity 10) to) (0) XL
Other Oo 0 co} ce)
LA. HiS NO BONDS WITH THE U.S. ie} ie) io} 0
ATTACKS ON LATIN AMERICA ie} io) Q Oo
OTHER. Oo 4 2 i
TOTAL 100% 100% 1004 100%
_, continues.
cd
OFFICIAL GERMAN BROADCASTS To LATIN AMERICA
(July 3-9)
Military references take up 54% of the Spanish-language broadcasts, 61%
of the German-language, this wee. Submarine sinkings in the Atlantic
have lost their prominence in Spanish-language broadcasts. The dramatic
shift from Libya to Russia demands no explanation. In items referring
specifically to Latin America the insistent attention to economic problems
Argentina and Chile: Hach new evidence of the determined neutrality
of Chile and Argentina is dutifully noted on the Berlin radio. The items
are brief and scattered. “There is approval, but not effusive, emphatic,
or detailed approval; rather it is aloof, with an objective quality. ‘There
is obvious sense here, Strong Berlin endorsement would be most damaging
to the political position of President Castillo and President Rios.
Brazil and the Sixth Colum: The weekly letter to "Dear Oswaldo!
(referring to Brazil's foreign minister) by Portuguese-language commentator
Henrique Nicos contains the most consistently direct and individualized
direct. Much of Berlin's propaganda is in a sense indirect: whole programs
pass with no reference to Latin America at all; Berlin's case is carried
in the recital of victories, the endless assertions of strength, the
incessant attacks on American and British morals and prestige. Here,
however, we have no indirection. Nicos talks directly to and about
Brazil. He pleads, sneers, calls names, talks "inside politics,"
This week he deals with a favorite thome: the alleged efforts of
the United States to warp Brazilian opinion. ‘The Rockefeller "Institute!
and the Black List are named as instruments of propaganda and pressure,
Brazilians who cooperate with such efforts constitute Brazil's sixth
colum. *"The'most dangerous elements in South America are not foreign
fifth columnists but native sons who at a price are willing to sell
their country to its greatest enemy, !!
Miscellaneous: Borlin quotes a scornful, anti-United States, anti.
Semitic article from the notoriously pro-Axis Bolivian newspaper, LA
CALLE (LA PAZ). Another sign of abatement in Berlin's onetime sympathy
for Mexico (poor, helpless victim of Yankee pressure) is the current
mention of that country as "the mercenary of the United States,!!
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GERMAN DOMESTIC
(June 15th to 27th)
The German radio broadcasting to Germany during the period June 15-27
shows considerable concern over the state of civilian morale. Appre-
hensive over the listlessness of the German population, the propagan-
dists use the allegedly destructive intentions of the United Nations
vis-a-vis the German people to spur greater exertion on behalf of &
Nazi victory. The circulation of rumors is met by indirect discredit-
ing of rumor mongers as agents of the enemy and by direct denial.
Finally, the shadow of America's gigantic productive power causes the
Nazis to remind their subjects in Germany that "spiritual" factors are
in the last analysis more important than "material" ones.
VANSITTART'S GIFT TO GOEBBELS
The approach to the end of the third year of a war which once seemed
80 close to a victorious conclusion for the Nazis, brings with it many
difficulties. People who were lukewarm towards great victories certainly
do not become enthusiastic in a stage of the war when the victory seems
uncertain and the end unforeseeable. To counter this, Nazi propaganda
has apparently shifted its war aim emphasis to the German home population
from positive gains to the avoidance of serious losses. The war has be-
come more and more a war for the survival of the German people; its loss
will bring about their extermination. Accordingly, Nazi propagandists
indicate no alternative to whatever exertion is necessary for victory.
Dr. Goebbels in his speech to NS DA P district leaders declares that
"all bridges have been burnt behind us." The German people, if they
are to avoid total destruction, must support the Nazi regime wherever
it leads them. Goebbels quotes Lord VanSittart- in his DAS REICH
article of June 26th, as threatening "the entire population (of Germans)
with a fearful punishment in the event of an English-American Soviet
victory." The statement by Mr. Graham of the House of Commons that all
Germans should be condemned to forced labor after the war and that all
German professors should be imprisoned "shows the sadistic tendencies,
the desire for destruction and the hatred...of everything German.”
Every attempt is made to give the German population the impression
that the VanSittart view: prevails everywhere in England and the United
States, The critics of VanSittartism, those who insist on the difference
between the Nazis and the German people, Goebbels says, differ from
VanSittart only in recommending different means for encompassing the same
ends, namely the destruction of Germany and its people. The only way to
eacape "the hell on earth for all of us" which the VanSittarites promiso
to all Germans if the war is lost is unremitting, uncomplaining acceptance
of the burdens imposed by the war. This alone will give strength to "the
German sword (which) sees to it that such outbreaks of hatred (as VanSittart-
ism and the like) remain the only chance for the Plutocrats to vent their
base instincts of revenge against everything German."
~LL-
EMPTY STOMACHS AND IDLE TONGUES
The Nazis seem to be reaping the harvest of rumors which arises from
skepticism or apathy towards Nooordinated" channels of information. The
women of Germany are told of the disastrous consequences or rumor -nonger =
ing in a talk by Charlotte Kuehn Berens. She states that rumors are spread
by adversaries of the German people and they are aimed at the exploitation
of those who are “worried and anxious." "An adversary can easily drive minds
which have become nervous into (the realm of panic?)...." (The existence of
these breaches in German civilian morale arg openly acknowledged.) While
Miss Berens shows a solicitious patience in exeroising susceptibility to
rumors from her listeners, the speaker who announces thennew rationing re-
gulations on dune 20th seems to be more vehement. He sees no sign of meat~-
less weeks “ag ill-natured rumor (mongers) tried to make out and the fact
that the twenty undated points on the clothing card can be used from the
lst of November "reveals as lies all those rumors saying these would never
become valid."
Matter _and Spirit: Shortages of material goods are more easily borne
when “spiritual” values are highly prized. Confronting a mightily armed
enemy is less frightening if one believes that “the spirit alone is
decisive," ‘These two propositions seem to be at the base of certain strik-
ing aspects of Nazi domestic propaganda during the period under analysis.
The much hated and also much feared United States is pelittled for the
benefit of the German audience by Otto Koischwitz. No reference is made to
the strength or wealmess of the Amorican military or industrial organiza-
tions. Rather all attention is concentrated on the cultural and spiritual
insignificance of the United States. The United States has never produced
a firet class writer or thinker or musician and this dooms it to dis-
appointment in the future. America has had ample time to develop a gen~
uinely advanced cultural life but due to the preference for indolence and
comfort, culture has remained retrograde, In contrast with the Americans--
and the British and Russians as woll-Voieeof the Front points out the
Germans know that material alone is not decisive. Germans know that a war
like the present one can only be waged with sufficient and high quality
materlal--and that is why they must exert themselves without limit. But
they also know that it is "The Spirit" which “tips the balance." Consistent
with this approach is the light in which Marshal Roumel is presented. The
unusual personal qualities of Rommel, his courage, his capacity to elicit
the love of his men, hig devotion to his task are given priority over. his
technical proficiency. Rommel is "a lodestar of our youth. The youngest
of them in particular feel the strongth of this man who in spite of the
hardness of hig energetic face, with its compelling eyes, can be so kind
and whose laughter, when he speaks to his soldiers in battle, streams down
to them like a broad river of life and inspiration." And inspiration in
large quantities was needed on the German domestic front during the second
half of June, if the Gorman home radio provides a trust-worthy clue.
= 12 =
GERMAN DOMINATED
(June 20-July 9)
HUNGARY
On the basis of the material received, Budapest foreign broadcasts
appear more or less free to promote Hungarian national interests
while the character of its home broadcasts seems primarily governed
py grim war-time realities and Axis requirements. ‘
This difference is first revealed in the sources quoted. In
proadcasting to its home population the Budapest radio depends mainly
on German and Italian communiques, D.N.B., the German and German-
dominated press and occasional neutral sources. There is thus no
ettempt to give the home population an impression of independence in
its selection of news. No German or German-dominated sources are
quoted in foreign broadcasts in the material received. Neutral and
enemy sources are quoted and generally refuted, although both the
Swiss and Swedish press have been approved. In one case it was
especially stressed that even "the enemy radio" admits the iniquity
of the treaty of Trianon. The difference between the two beams is
further revealed by their contents.
Cultural Achievement and Food-Rations: As far as we can ascertain,
a relatively large amount of space in foreign broadcasts is devoted to
items designed to flatter exiled national pride with references to
Hungary's glorious historical past and her present cultural and scientific
achievements. Hungarian-lenguage broadcasts give excerpts of national
music and poetry. Again, foreign listeners are reassured that the economic
status of present Hungarians is perfectly tolerable. In home broadcasts
such itoms are assumedly considered a waste of time. Grim decrees
announcing new cuts in food-rations or disciplinary measures to be
taken against hoarding take their place.
Hungary _and her Neighbors: In home broadcasts any references to
Hungary's immediate neighbors seem to serve the triple purpose of telling
the Hungarian population (a) we are not as badly off as others; (b) this
is what will happen to you if you don't behave; (c) this is the way you
should behave. Detailed reporting of Bulgarian food-rationing and
French economic difficulties serve the first purpose and considerable
attention given to the executions in Czechoslovakia following the
assassination of Heydrich as well as to repressive measures taken in
both Germany and Italy serves the second. As an example of commendable
satellite behaviour, the Budapest radio gives credit to Rumania (Hungary's
enemy No. 1) for action at Sevastopol, and to Laval who is saving
France from Bolshevisn.
In foreign broadcasts Budapest refers to its neighbours in a some-
whet different context--satisfaction is expressed at improvements wrought
-B-
in territory recently liberated from negligent Yugoslavian, Czechoslovakian
and Rumanian regimes and the cultural solidarity of Hungary with Hungarian
minorities still residing within these frontiers is stressed. At the same ~
time, and particularly in English-language broadcasts, Hungary is careful
to present herself as a good citizen of Europe. "A nation which has a
moral foundation," Budapest asserts, “will never go in for political
adventures and will never look toward the frontiers of other nations
with unjustified appetites.” Instead, appealing both to Allied post-
Versailles guilt and possible regrets, that no strong Hungarian. state.
was created to counterbalance Germany, Hungary expresses hor own interests
Ea terns of general European welfare, demanding the right to forge ahead
"as a member of a family of civilized nations" and, quoting the JOURNAL
DE GENEVE to the effect that "Europe needs a strong Hungary.”
The Fuehrer: Two different occasions are presented during the
course of the past few weeks for expressions of Hungarian devotion to
Hitler: Horthy's birthday and the anniversary of Germany's declaration
of war on Russia. Budapest foreign broadcasts, with the exception of
a perfunctory reference to a birthday telegram from Hitler to Horthy,
apparently take advantage of neither anniversary. Budapest home broad-
casts take advantage of both. On the occasion of Horthy's birthday,
Kallay's speech is broadcast on both home and foreign beams. The final
sentence of the speech, however, "We have Allies and friends, and our
force is united behind one leader" is retained for Hungary but omitted
from foreign broadcasts. On the occasion of the anniversary of Germany's
war against Russia, Budapest, in its home broadcasts gives at least two
somowhat lengthy tributes to Germany's leader, quoting the Wilhelmstrasse
to the effect that "the decision made by The Fuehrer a year ago was the
@reatest ever made by a statesman and one which as events proved it--
was unparalled bravery and the wisdom of a genius." No mention is made
of the anniversary in Hungarian foreign broadcasts which we have received.
AX1S TO THE NEAR EAST cle
(suly 3-9)
Axis broadcasts to the Arab world have not permitted the halt of
Rormel's advance to stay the propaganda offensive initiated after the
fell of Mersa Metruh. While beasts of imminent military victory have
ceased, the Joint Axis declaration of July 3 ig used on practically
all programs in Arabic during the week to proclaim that German and
Italian forces are on Egyptian soil only to expel the British and cg
guarentee a free and. independent "Egypt for the Egyptians.”
This declaration has also been supplemented by formal pronounce-
ments relayed from both Berlin and Rome by the Grend Mufti of Jerusalem
anc. Rashid Ali Al Gailani, former premier of Iraq. Both individuals,
better known in other parts of the Near East than in Egypt, utilize
Rommel's advance and the Axis declaration as pointing to the wider
liberation of the Arab world, As Rashid Ali puts it, "You are not
suffering alone, dear Egypt. Lebanon, Syria, Palestine and Iraq have
suffered with you and tasted the acrid and galling cup of servitude....
Tho cclonization of the Arabs by the British started in Egypt and today
Arab freedom will start from Egypt and spread like the sun's rays to
all Arabian lands."
In these pronouncements, the plans of the Axis are not of course
detailed in view of their assurances of freedom and independence. Both
speakers assure listeners of their confidence in the good faith of the
"powerful and sincere friends" who are helping in the "liberation" of
the Arab peoples. In contrast, British assurances of greater freedom
for Egypt after the war are ridiculed, and Britain's history of broken
promises to Egyptians, Arabs and Indions amply recalled.
Behind the Trines: The tightening of Egypt's internal defenses has
‘turned the attention of the radio to the situation in Egypt itself.
Reports of confusion, food shortages, and errests of Egyptian nationalists
continue. The defense measures of the Egyptian government are pictured
as taken under British pressure. The British are alleged to have
brought in thousands of auxiliary police--of which many are supposedly
Jews--to supplement and augment disaffected Egyptian police forces.
British troops are guarding strategic buildings end are charged with
beating non-cooperative Egyptians, "which means that Egypt is taken
back hundreds of years and made a colony of slaves."
Politics: Relations between the Egyptian government and the British
are pictured variously: the Egyptians are powerless to move under
British pressure; some officials are the willing accomplices of the British.
, Some are courageous enough to voice their opposition.
Rome reports that the British have placed a special plenipotentiary
in the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs who “has the right to make
inportant decisions on his own initiative." Premier Nahas Pasha has
allegedly been given a special assistant by the British to "help" him in
-15-
his duties as military governor, The British reaction to wide-spread
strikes in Egypt has been so threatening, Rome claims, that "it has
become a question of the existence of the Egyptian Governrient." The
British, another broadcaster charges, ore ready at any moment to
"eliminate the Cabinet,"
For the time being Axis Arabic broadcasts are not pillorying
Premier Nahas Pasha, though a violent campaign against "British puppet
politicians" may broak out at any time. -A POPOLO DI ROMA editorial
broaécast to America pictures Nahas Pasha and hig colleagues as "more and.
nore isolated" from Egyptian opinion in carrying out the policies of
the British,
Out-spoken dissent to the prevailing policy is reported in the
Egyptian Parliament when one member, Abdul Azis as Saltani » allegedly
denended that the "British leave immediately," and charged that the
British "humiliate the Egyptian army and are preventing its development,"
‘nother member is alleged to have asked for the withdrawal of the "so-
called Pree French, Free Polish, Free Slavs, and Free Belgians," When
as Seltani spoke, it is clained, the "President and members of the Parlia-
nent tried to silence him for fear that the British might arrest him."
The dismissal of Mukram Obeid Pasha from the Secretary-Generalship
of the Wafd party is interpreted verlously by Rome to Arabic audiences,
On the one hand it is taken to indicate Mukram's pro-Axis tendencies,
"Mukvam feared the Germans ond sought to retire in tine." Another ex-
planation is that he was Ciswissed for being too close to the British;
his renovel ts alleged to have displeased British officials. (Vichy
interprets the move cn its Arabic Programs as caused by disagreements
between Nahas Pasha and Mukram over the handling of the Egyption food
problem, and sees Nanas Pasha's position weakened es Mukran allegedly
has the support of public opinion. )
| Scorched Earth: The establishnent of Cairo as a military zone and
british defense preparations throughout the Nile delta have given Axig
broadcasters more opportunities to charge the British with intentions
to devastate Egyptian populated arcag and apply the scorched earth policy,
Egyptian leaders, including Nahas Pasha, were shown pleading in vain that
Cairo be declared an open city. Rumors wera circulated that King Farouk
hed threatened to flee if cities were not spared, As Berlin puts it:
"Zayptians love their cities, especially Cairo, home of ancient and modern
civilization.,.but the merciless British have made it the target of
Cannon, anc. turned its inhabitants to cannon fodder,’ Sir Miles Lampson
and the cursed Auchinleck spurned Arab sentinents and feelings,"
The innocent intentions of the Axis are not forgotten. In explain-
ing the Axis declaration, one broadcaster notes, “the firm intention of
Italy and Germany of not causing damage to the Egyptian territory."
-16-
BROADCASTS
CA
I
R
NORTH AME
TO
(In Italian ana English)
STAT.
ISTICAL SUMMARY OF ANALYZED Sa0aDCASTS
Percent of Meaningful Items
THIS WEEX
(July 248) (June 25-Jul:
Eng.-lang. Ital.-lang. Both
Broadeasts Broadcasts languages - ee
584 Items 454 Items 1038 Items 1156 Iter
NILITARY OPS2ATIONS 218 — 48 33% 37
Pacific & Far Bast 3 4 3 4
Russia 13(up 10) 2l(up 19) 17 3
North Africa 3(off 6) 14(ap 1) 8 16
Mediterranean iL 2 z 7 6
-» Sea Lanes L. 2 & 5
Other ° O° fo} 3
IDaLy l(off 4). 4(off 21) 1 12
Wilitary I 0 () 4
Political ie) “1 fe) 4
Other ie) 3 1 4
DRIPARTITS ROLATIONS Z 10 2g 7Z
Germany 1 3 2 2
Japan (o} 2 1 1
Triplice, Axis 6 5 6 4
UNITED stats 17 ii 15 6
Leaders 5 1 oe 1
Other 12(up 7) 10(up 4) ll 5
GREAT BRITALT 48(up 23) 16 35 27
Leaders 29 6 19 6
Other 19(off 11) 10 16 21
SOVIET UNION 1 1 1. 1
ALLIES 2. 5 3 8
MEUPRALS al 3 1 1
OTHER _ 2 2 2 1
TORAL 100% 100% 100% 100%
OFFICIAL ITALIAN BROADCASTS TO NORTH AMERICA
(July 3-9)
Radio Roma gives up any immediate prospects in Egypt and shifts its
military attention to "the great offensive" in Russia, now belatedly .
acknowledged as though the transmitter had been waiting to be sure.
Tho Italian station capitalizes on its prediction that Churchill woula
have no difficulty in surviving the parliamentary crisis and in order
to contradict the Prime Minister it ingists that the Axis is "a@eligtted"
over the favorable vote for the “collector of defeats." America's In-
dependence Day brings several reminders of the identity of the country
the United States won its independence from. The week also provides a
clear demonstration of the Italian technique of insinuating its way in-
to the military prestige of the Axis.
FROM EGYPT TO RUSSIA
The Axis position on the North African front appears barren on Radio
Roma this week and the station shifts its gaze to more luscious propa-
ganda fields in Russia. An account of Rome's treatment of the two fronts
is contained in a special roport circulated with this Analysis; only a
Summary appears: here.
No further immediate advances by Axis forces in Egypt seem to be
expected by the official Italian shortwave. Not only does the station
decrease its attention to that front rapidly and steadily--from 50% on
July 1 to 5% a week later--but it also takes a line calculated to justify
in advance a protracted struggle in Egypt--strong British reinforcements
and strategic position, satisfaction limited to Successes already attain-
ed, no optimistic anticipations. Ina broadcast to the Empire a major
coumentator (Mario Appelius) takes pains to stress "the relatively easy
task of General Auchinleck and the very difficult task ahead of the Italo-
German arms."
Radio Roma's growing pessimism over North Africa is matched by its
growing optimism over the Russian front. However, despite its steadily
declining attention to the Egyptian front, the station does not begin to
exploit the German drive until July 6--the day after it announced "the
Sreat offensive" and five days after the German announcement. -Perhaps
the Italians, sceptical of the outcome, wore awaiting the fait accompli
mentioned last week before believing that the big push was really on.
Once it climbs on the bandwagon, however, Radio Rome follows through with
the familiar grandiose claims both of Specific present successes and of
the "far-reaching effects" to come.
Comparison of Radio Roma and the BBC on the Egyptian front reveals
changes in propaganda reaction following changes in military fortunes.
The BBC maintains and even increases its references to the total North
-18-
African situation and to straight military operations while both drop
off on Rome--with the break for both transmitters coming on July 3.
Both stations rely,on military items whenever the action is favorable
and cover up with other references to the situation when the military
news is not so good.
ITALIAN MILITARY PRESTIGE: DEMAND AND SUPPLY
The compulsion of Italians to gild their impoverished reputation
as fighters is frequently reflected in Radio Roma's sensitivity on the
subject of Italian men-in-arms. Since the Italian military showing in.
this war has had its shortcomings, the station has often attempted to
"horn in" on the superior military achievements of the Third Reich.
However, unwilling to offend the senior partner of the Axis by detract-
ing from the Reichswenr's glory, the station has had to develop a caue
tious technique of sharing Germany's military prestige. The safest
method is the citation of others. Testimony on the Italian contribu-
tion to the war is quoted from British newspapers this week. Whenever
a German source praises Italian military arms it is sure to get a big
play. Two weeks ago (sée Analysis No. 30) Rome extensively quoted a
German paper on the "numerical superiority" of the Italians over the
Germans in North Africa and this week Berne is given as the dateline
for a Cairo statement that “a total of six Italian and three German ai-
visions" constituted the Axis forces. Mussolini himself (not to be out-
done by Hitler's decoration of Rommel) gave the "go" signal to Italian
commentators by malting Ugo Cavallero, the Chief of Staff, a Marshal of
Italy. Rome speakers were wary at first, asserting only that the award
was given General Cavallero for his abilities "particularly demonstrated
...during the victorious Greek campaign." Later in the week, however,
they grew more extensive and added that the Marshal's capacities were
"oroved by the victorious advance of the Italian divisions to Egyptian
territories." One commentator made the extreme claim that Axis successes
in North Africa “were not isolated cases of good luck for the Axis but
the result of the Axis plans laid by General Cavallero, the Chief of Staff,
and carried out by General Rommel and General Bastico." This entire cam-
paign may be an Italian response to the buildup the German propaganda ma-
chine has been giving Rommel.
Another commentator quotes an alleged Reuter's dispatch on the fierce-
ness of the Italian infantry in North Africa. "It 1s perfectly true that
the Italian soldier is using his bayonet with an extra bit of venom. You
see, he has not forgotten the years of insults. So if Italian bayonets
are being given a little extra twist these days, the British can thank
British propaganda."
CHURCHILL AND RADIO ROME: VOLTE FACE
One line in Churchill's speech to the House of Commons on July 2 pre-
cipitated at least a temporary about-face in the Italian shortwave's pro-
paganda policy. In his statement the British Prime Minister declared that
-19-
if he remained in office, "the knell of disappointment will ring in
the ears of the tyrants we are striving to overthrow." For many months
prior to this statement Radio Roma had been persistently and consistent-
ly urging the British (in broadcasts to both England and North America)
to retire or even to use violent methods to rid themselves of "the under-
taker of the British Eapire." Now as one man,"as though they held a
policy directive from the higher-ups in their hands--Rome propagandists
chime a different tune. "We agree perfectly with the majority of the
House of Commons and we, too, want Winston Churchill, champion collector
of defeats, to keep his job up to the very end.". And similarly: "Church-
ill hag worked all the time for us, for the Axis; he will therefore con-*
tinue to do so until the finish."
The rest of the comment on Churchill's speech boosts the attacks on
British Leaders (see table) to a higher percentage than attacks on the
British nation--a rare reversal of the ratioi, the first in at least
four months. In all the discussions of the address there is only one
noticeable departure from the usual signs of British weakness laborious-
ly unearthed by Italian propagandists in connection with previous Churchill-
ian sveeches. fore the vote of confidence, Radio Roma freely predicted
thet Churchill would not be unseated. This week the station capitalizes
on its bit of political foresight: "It went exactly as we expected. We
do not often make prophecies but every Italian newspaper has been ‘prophesy-
ing that Mr. Churchill would get away with it for the past week. We were,
however, betting on a certainty.... Well, it's all over now and we're
delighted."
PRPS ann tata pee a Me Ha ast
THE FOURTH OF JULY: IDEOLOGY AND UTOPIA
Independence Day weights Radio Roma's program for this week with a
number of attacks on democracy and America ideals (see table: United
States up 9%). One talx, broadcast twice, bemoans the straying of pres-
ent-day Americans from the path beaten by the founding fathers and “other
beacons of Americen life," among whom are included Jefferson, Hamilton,
Marshall, Lincoln, Emerson, Whitman, William James, and John Dewey. "Thus,
the Kingdom of God and the Jeffersonian dream ultimately resulted in ma-
terialistic America." In this "deflation of ideals," the New Deal has
seen the deus ex machina.
The station, however, lets slip the opportunity to draw a parallel
between the Axis declaration on duly 3 guaranteeing Egyptian independence
from the British and the celebration of American independence from the
British on the 4th. Instead, it compared the Egyptian declaration with
ae words of the Atlantic Charter and the facts of "the slavery of India
and Egypt." Other comments on the Fourth also turn the brunt of the at-
tack on England. Roosevelt's speech asserting that Americans, believe free~
don to be the world's best gift provoked the query: "Why in the world do
they support the British Empire if this 1s so?" And the relinquishment of
the holiday prompted the comment: "On the sacred day of their liberty,
Horth American workers prepared arms destined for the British...who will
4Se them to continue taeir domination over India."
~20-
OFFICIAL 1 TALITAN BROADCASTS
TO LATIN AMERICA
(In Italian, Spanish and Portuguese)
eh
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF ANALYZED BROADCASTS
Ital.-lang. Span.-Port. Total
Broadcasts language Broadcasts
~ 374 Items 336 Items 710 Items V7 °
Percent of Meaningful Items
THIS WHJK
(July 2-8)
Broadcasts
LAST WERK
FACTORS CONTRIVUSING TO AXIS VICTORY 59% 56% 59°
Military Operetions - *
Far East 1 4 3
Russia 10(up 9) 10(up 7) 10
Libya . 5 B(up 7) va
Mediterranean ie} 2 1
Atlantic 1 1 L
Veet Euroe 1 2 2
Other Factors
Beonomic inferiority of U.N. 0 0 ie)
Low mozele of U.N. 0 2 1
Axis cooperations 2 O(of2 6) a
U.N. failure in production ie} 1 1
U.N. mil., naval inferiority 19(up 5) 13 16 1
Axis mil., naval superiority 20 “12 16 1
AXIS PEAGS AIMS B(up 6) 3 6
New Order in Burope 7 3 5
New Order in Asia 1 te) 1
ESCRIPTION OF AXIS INSTITUTIONS 2(off 5) off 8) 2
General Fascist ideology O ie) 0
Praise of "Itelianity" a. 1 1
Axis political events 4. 0 1
CONDE: SITED KATIONS POLICY 29. 36 31
Attacks on Britain
Criticism of regime 3 2 5
Foreign policy 14(up 12) 11 12
2 3(off 7). (off 10) §
Illegal conduct 10) 1 (0)
Attacks on U.S.
2 ie) £
1 l(off 6) Z
sign policy 10) 1 (0)
Discord among U.N. 6 6(up 4) 6
Communist menace ie) 2 1
PRAISE OF AXIS PLAt ie} 0. ie}
ACS OF U.S. ie} 1 i
+ SAS MO ie) i} ie}
O(off 4) 0 ie)
2 3 1
TOTAL 100% 100% 100%
“216
OFFICIAL ITALIAN BROADCASTS TO LATIN AMERICA
(suly 3-9)
Rome broadcasts beamed to Latin America contain relatively infrequent
references to recent Axis successes in North Africa (See Special
Report). The summer offensive on the Hastern Front is finally ace
lmowledged to be. in progress and more emphasis is laid on German
successes on the Russian southern front. This Italian reticence con-
cerning the North African front is hard to explain, especially con~
sidering Rome claims: (a) that 6 Italian and only 3 German divisions
participated in the offensive, (b) that General Cavallero is ree “
sponsible for the plans of attack. British reports to the effect
that Italian casualties are higher than the German seem to confirm
the conjecture that Italian participation was considerable, Rome,
however, fails this week to capitalize on what it claims to be a
major Italian success. The absence of magniloquent praises of
Italian military strength and valor which usually accompany any
coven sinll Itnlinn succoss is consvicusus,
BRITISH PROPAGANDA AND ITALIAN MORALE
Rome admits this week that Italian war effort during the initial
phases of the war was not what it could have been but claims for the
present a stiffening of attitude on the part of the Italian people and
soldiers and attributes it to--British propaganda, Faithful to its
practice of publicizing any British referenae to the poor fighting
qualities of Italiens, Rome reports this week, in Italian, quoting
TIMES and DAILY MAIL, British admissions that Italian fighting
qualities had been underestimated and decleres: "This very under—
estimation...inspired the Italians to decide tho issue with the
English once and for all," edding that "undoubtedly the vulgar conduct
of the English press and propagonda has contributed to this decision."
Rome declares that Italy now, as in the last wer, "has the singular
habit of growing in strength, determination and ability as the war
progresses" and concludes: "Let the English have patience and they
shall sce what kind of an enemy thoy had the fortune and ability to
acquire for themselves,"
Also in Italian, Rome quotes an alleged American broadcast which
contains allusions particularly distasteful to Italian ears and very
ably uses it for the purpose of stiffening Italien attitude, This
broadcast, said to be transmitted by the Schenectady radio at 2 Dems
on July 4th, allegedly advocates the invasion of Italy as very feasible
duc to the low morale of Italians. Even anti-Fascist Count Sforza in
his speech of July 2 deprecated Allied talk of invasion of Italy, and
such guotes from American sources must be considered particularly
effective for Fascist propaganda purposes.
'aNGLO-SaXON! AND ITALIAN WaR AIMS
Rome claims that American Undersecrotary of State Patterson, by
his exposition of Amcrican war aims, implicitly recognized that the
i
|
i
~22—
Axis is fighting for a just cause. Quoting Patterson as advocating
for a post-war settlement: "free access of all nations to raw materials
++eand tho elimination of trade barriers between the various nations
by means of adequate cconomic agreements." Rome points out that
these were exactly the measures sought by Italy during the 20 year
inter-war period, end claims that by advocating now the same measures,
the United Stetos openly confesses the war guilt of the Anglo-Saxon.
powers anc their past blunders which lead to the present war. Rome
accepts American wer aims but in order to avoid the recognition that
Italy is fighting for the same goal Rome contends that the post-war plans
of tho English and American governments “cannot be trusted, because the
14 points of Wilson were violated "by the men of Versailles" after the
last wer, and the same mey happen after the present war,
l4th'. OF JULY
In commenting on the Americen celebration of Independence day,
Rone presents an argument which may heve a considerable appeal among ®
tatin American listeners familiar with"Gringo imperialism." Several
onmentetors remark in Spanish and in Italien that President Roosevelt
ating the 4th to the construction of more ships, arms and
ions for the “nited Netions was in effect devoting a day "sacred
iberty of Americer workers" to help the British in their effort
mintain "their domination of subject people such as the Egyptians
end tho Indiens.
TRIPLICE STRaTRCY
Rone claims that the
attack on Sevastopol and the advance
Avie strategy is closcly coordinated" and
g Japanese sou i a stratvegy of ual strangulation
A, 3 nm by cutting off American war supply.
nm she part of the United States, a
a to have clained, "does not worry us since
t capsble of supplying the needs of the
is
nuation o2 resist.
pokes
Asia ¢ Atzvica.
Tripartite."
nade by Senor
tillo is quoted and
consumption as an
articular that :
condemns j
ying the sound
3 or hand, Rome
rnnent for the confiscation of the Lati
nateriol and presents this action as anothor proof of the subser—
vience of the Brazilian governnent "to the will of the White House",
Revorting the presence of British worships in Rio de Janeiro, Rone
presents Brazil as on the way to losing her indepondence on account
of her policy of cooperation with the Anglo-Saxon powers.
-23-
BROADCASTS
JAPANESE
|
AL
c
Le
Le
fo}
CA
NORTH AMER
TO
SPaTISTICaL SUMMARY OF ANaLyzEp BROADCASTS TO NORTH AMERICA
Porcont of Meaningful toms
THIS WEEK Last
_ (July 2-8) (June 25-01
Eng.~lang, Jap.-leng. Both lange, :
Broadcasts Brondcasts Brondcasts
930 Items 314 Itoms 1244 Itoms 1200 Itom
MILITARY OPERATIONS 16% 29% 20% 19%
> Far East
Australasia
NAZI. (recapitulation)
China,
Alaska and West Coast
Russia,
North Africa
Atlantic and Pacific
Ridiculo of Second Front
SusPall
Home Front
Military
Economic, favorable
Political, favorablo
Culturo, charactor
Kindness to prisonors
+ Occupied Territory
Exploitation
Roconstruction
ERIPARTITE REL.TIONS
<! Gorman and Italy, praise
“ Far East Associates!
os gooperation
QNITED Nutrons
cv Attacks on United Statos
: Leaders
Military weakness
Economic
Propaganda, culturo
attacks on Britain
Gonernl wonknoss,
immorality 20 (up 16)
Commonts on Indin 1
attacks on China 1 (off 3)
. Attacks on Allies, allogod
discord 11 (up 4)
HEUTRaL NATIONS 2
“ Claims of drift to Axis 2
Jepanese-Russian neutrality 0
OTHER L
Diplomat Exchanges 1
OJVONVE POO
BYOHDNIURAROO
WiOrMAWNUAWO
fs)
i)
ise)
(off 8)
w
OrParaA
OAuvwor
.
1.
5 (up 3)
3
0
Orme E
(off 8)
(up_3)
afof~a on
fa
te)
fa
(I
Alwoloa o
fa
(off 4)
lon
OD f=
hs
a
(off 3)
Ora
NIMES Blo
(off 3)
VR
=
FUDD
OS
BiH IO wlohe
BRIO wlwjo
Qjale calnln
TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 1004
OFFICIAL JAPANESE BROADCASTS TO NORTH AMERICA
(duly 3-9)
Again this week, Japan has no fresh victories on the field of battle.
She has also wrung the last drop of propaganda out of both the sub-
marine shellings on the Northwest Coast and the occupation of Kigka
and Attu, so Radio Tokyo has to rely on recapitulation and the cele-
bration of two anniversaries » the fourth of July and the seventh of
July, for most of the propaganda inspiration it can muster this week.
A Special Report, accompanying this Weekly, discusses Japan's remark-
able optimism concerning an early Axis victory over practically the
whole of Africa and the Near East.
THE FOURTE OF JULY
This is the occasion for a minor propaganda broadside directed at
both this country and areas in Asia, The radio treatment provides an
example of Toigro's wealmess as well as its strength in the matter of
Propaganda warfare. There is an almost complete identity of phraseology in
broadcasts to the United States, the Philippines and India from trans-
mitters in Tokyo, Hsinking and Saigon, This makes for great volume
and repetition, but audience discrimination is lacking,
One of the principal broadcasts to this country ts a dramatic
recitative, with musical accompaniment ranging from rag~time to taps.
It is designed to scare Americans into a realization of the horrors of
war and to present Japan as standard-bearer of the New Freedom. The
other big program ig a talk based on the theme that America has rejected
the ideals of the founding fathers of 1776. The “corn" of the former q
ia equalled only by the effrontery of the latter. i
The world is told thie week that
ence from the British imperialists only to lose it by being led into
“an unnecessary war" by British fifth-colwmists and propagandists,
“The Americans of today are fighting on the side of oppression against
the cause of independence," while it is the Japanese who are fighting
for oppressed peoples everywhere,
the United States won its independ-
Tokyo gloats over the "calm manner" in which Filipinos reacted to
the day. The fact that Independence Day was not observed is solemnly
interpreted as "significant proof that the last vestiges of American
influence have disappeared from the islands during the six months of
Japanese occupation." The "Pow who recalled that today is the Fourth
declared, ‘Independence Day--yes. Our independence from American
Imperialism! '"
~25-
COMPARISON OF ENGLISH. AND JAPANSSE-LANGUAGH BROADCASTS
| CHART I CHART IT
I References to United Nations References to Japan
i (primarily unfavorable) (primarily favorable)
| sf
i 60 60
i
i
55 55
| .
! 50 | 50 a
2 4 [ a 45 oo ne
i & / fy . .
i ~ 2 mit
i HO rat ele
i dd 40 4 40 *
&
| & :)
| d 35 4 g 85
! 30 8 30 eo>
8 4 aN eae N& o ,
P25 J 2 25
o v oO
a Ay
20 Pa mn 20 x
15 15
10 10
Weok Juno Juno duly July Wook June duno July July
Ending: 20 27 4 a, Ending: 20 27 4 1L
Keys * corrocted
English Language to North Amorica .
---- Japanese Langungo to Worth America
seo Japanoso Language to Home Front and Empire
The propaganda aims of Japanese broadcasts to North America
during the past four wecks are clearly revealed on the charts as being,
first, wedge-driving between mombers of the United Nations and second,
increasing the importance of "home ties" among the Japanese radio
audience that is presumed to exist in this country.
-26-
The peculiar curves for attacks on the United Nations (Chart I)
in both English and Japanese suggest a genvral identity of purpose,
namely, to weaken the falth of both English and Japanese speaking
residents in the United Nations. The steep rice in the English-language
curve thia week is caused by the all-out anti-British propaganda ee
atimulated by the North African retreat. Tokyo acts on the assumption
that pro-British attitudes among Anglo-Saxons in this country are more
pronounced, hence more in need of undermining, than those .of, Japanese-
Americans. The sharp variation in the curve for domestic broadcasts
suggevts that attacks on the United Nations for home consumption are _
geared to events rather than to a continuous policy. Thus the rise on”
dune 27 is to be accounted for by the Bangkok conference and the
Angaratrot incident, the one being the »asis for attacks on Great Britain
and the other for attacks on the United States.
The curves of Japanese Empire programs and Japanese-language
broadcasts to North America (Chart II) suggest that the Japanese propa-
gandists are writing their scripts on the assumption that Japanese
listeners in this comtry are interested in the sam2 sort of things
as their compatriots ac heme. recent rise in the curve suggests
the building up of a crescendo pration of
the fifth anniversary of ths outbreak of the "Unina Tucidente Boasts
of military strength related to the shelling of the liorthwest Pacific
Coast vould account for the rise in references to Japan in English
during the week preceeding June 27, The subsequent decline in English-
language references to Japan would be accounted for in terms of
negligible American interest’ an essentially Jepanese celebration.
The two curves suggest that the planners of Jépanese broadcasts
are bacing their programs on a crude evaluation of the listening
tendencies of the audiences they assume they Lave in this country.
The number of programs beamed. here in Japanese has actually increased,
despite the fact that shortwave receivers were taken away from Japanese
in the area of best reception, the Pacific Coast. Apparently Tokyo
considers that the few possible sympathizers who might eti11 hear its
broadcasts are worth the time and expense involved in
their loyalty through Japanese-language broadcasts.
inertia doubtlessly also plays its part<
t
i
rT]
1
JAPANESE BROADCASTS
OFF ICTAL
JAPANESE
TO
i STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF ANALYZED JAPANESE-LANGUAGE BROADCASTS
| , Percent of Meaningful Items
i THIS WEEK Las? WEEK
884 Items 722 Items 3119 Item
MILITARY OPERATIONS. . «
i conecepasoss 3 ovine Heeweseawnael yee evaw Bl Serene ove 20%
Far East (9%)
China (9%)
| Russia (4%) i
Hl North Africa (5%)
t Sea Lanes (1%)
{ Aleutians and West Coast (0%; off 4)
Mt
LF SBPAM 6 oe Vesas © sas aie 4s omereuwees comes WSR: comes wither soverss BO
HH
I Home Front
y Military, favorable (4%; off 3)
i Economic
Favorable (8%)
Unfavorable (1%)
Political, favorable (12%)
‘ Unity, character (6%)
5 Appeals for unity;
solf-criticism (1+-%; off 4)
“4 Japanese geopolitics (1-%)
: Occupied territory
Reconstruction (20%)
Exploitation (1%)
TRIPARTITE RELsTIONS.............. 0000 ee sane eet he cer eevee elOeeeeeensee edd
Germany, Italy, Japan (3%)
Far Bast Associates! (7%)
UNITED NATIONS wcccws cece aove 2 84 SE 8 feu el O eomewen 35 18s cower ol?
Attacks on U.S. (3%)
Attacks on Britain (6%)
Attacks on China (6%)
Russia-Japan good relations (0%)
Attacks on Allies, general (4%)
OUSER:; wex wecieniy os pawiey seieEy e. beens veveveves Ou Mie Gees Bees ee ener 0
TOTAL 100% 100% 100%
PREVIOUS MO
H . (July 2-8) (Jun.25-dul.1) (May 28-Jun,
i
|
~ 28 .
OFFICIAL JAPANESE BROADCASTS TO JAPANESE
(July 3-9)
With the approach of the 5th anniversary of the China war, the Japanese
radio seems at something of a loss to explain the long duration of the
war. The propagandists concentrate on "covering up" by stressing Japan's
political and economic victories over Indo-China and Thailand, and her
military victories over an area of Asia three times ag great as Japan.
Post-war organization of Asia receives much emphasis, There are some *-
unprecendented admissions concerning underground anti-Japanese movements
in China, \
GEOPOLITICS
In the geopolitics of her new empire Japan seems to be leaving precious
little room for Axis collaboration, The Far East is going to be exculsively
for Japanese exploitation with Japan being the pivot around which the whole
economy of the new Far Zast wiil revolve, Greater Bast Asia is to dominate
world economics. Japan will dominate Greater East Asia and become the most
powerful economic unit in the world,
The Greater East Asia Co-Trosperity Sphere is envisaged in an English
broadcast to China and the South Seas as "a base of the economic war against
the strong economic power of Britain and America," Germany's grandiose
Schemes are even compared unfavorably with Japan's, In the commentary
mentioned above, Tokyo says that the scheme of the Greater East Asia
Constructive Council is contrasted with Dr. Funk's published plans for
the European New Order "in that it crushes imperialism and emerges from
the blind gubmission to capitalism of the so-called forward nations, and
in that the recommendations are more Asiatic, positive and constructive.
These (ordeals) can only come from the national characteristics of Japan
backed by a history of three thousand years," Characteristically, the
commentary tics up Japan's geo-political aspirations with both her attacks
cn Anglo-American imperialism and the allegedly unique qualities of the
Japanese spirit,
Japan stresses the stretegic importance of her new holdings in such
Sharing in the spoils of the campaigns of Southeast Asia, A Japanese
fome broadcast declares, "the comprehensive policy for the Co~Prosperity
"here will have Japan as the center and all other territories will be
considered from the point of view of national defense,"
In a curious commentary entitled "Leaders of Chungking and Their
Followers and ‘the Geo-Political Stand of Japan," written by Prof,
Kurimato Kotsuyuki of Kyoto Imperial University and beamed to China
and the South Seas, China is called'upon to try to understand the geo-
Politics of East Asia. The lecturer says, "If there are in Chungking
Scme real Beopolitical leaders thig present conflict can be concluded
~ 299 -
without further loss of lives and shodding of blood.... The Chinese
should prevent further penetration (by the Western imperialists) and in-
stead recognize China's relationship with Japan with respect to her
geo~political position in the world," Taken in conjunction with this, a
note, rather ominous for China's future, is sounded by Mr. Usami Ushizuka,
director of the economic division of the China Affairs Board. He declares ,
"As we observe the inexhaustible raw materials and unlimited supply of
labor in the vast territory of China, we feel an even greater sense of
security."
Italy seems to be impressed by Japan's grandiose geo-pbdlitichl aims.
In a French-language program beamed to Canada and the United States,
Rome culogizes Japan's military successes and then describes the divisions
of the new Japanese Empire in a more minute manner than any monitored -
broadcast from Tokyo has ever done. Two vegions-~Burma and the Philippines--
"because of their degree of political maturity and the spirit of inde-
pendence of their populations" will be granted some political autonomy,
but other areas which belonged formerly to Holland and Britain will "be
destined to a regime of military occupation." These less fortunate areas,
in turn, are to be divided into three major "regions." The first region
will consist of the Federated and Unfederated Malay States, the Straits
Settlements, Sumatra and a few smaller adjoining Dutch islands. The
Second region will consist of the Fast Indies (except for Sumatra) and
a part of Borneo, and the third region will be the remainder of Borneo.
Radio Roma concludes, "From what we have said it appears clearly that
the work of reconstructicn and reorganization,..has proceded logically
with (differentiations) according to the races and zones.... In this
immense labor. . -Joapan is using its rigid military hierarchy, its expert.
bureaucracy and spontaneous forces which are born from its social and
economic structure."
ANNIVERSARY
Celebrating the fifth anniversary of the "China Incident," the
Japanese radio uses the occasion to warn the home front that the
struggle is not yet won, and to try to indicate both at home and abroad
the firm sense of solidarity among the "enlightened" nations of the
For East toward the construction of the Greater East Agia Co-Prosperity
Sphere, The volume of propaganda is large, but the themes are old.
Japan's propagandists apparently conclude that their long-tested ideas
are the safest and most appropriate to the occasion.
Japan's celebration of the anniversary is essentially a commentar
on the tremendous extension of her empire-building ambitions during tho
past five years. Although the foous is stillon the China Incident,
Public attention is being distracted from what was the main job in 1937.
The impressive puppet-show, staged by Japanese "Edgar Bergens" and
involving French Indo-China, Occupied China, Manchukuo, Thailand and tho
Philippines, is perhaps sufficient to prevent public criticism of the
army, which has not been able to defeat the "fugitive bandit" Chiang Kai-shek
n 5 years of harrowing warfare.
= 30 «
More Years to Come: Although the celebration might well have been
made one of unadulterated gloating, considering recent victories, Tokyo's
proadcasts are relatively restrained in tone. The long list of China's
casualties is again. thumbed through and the victories since Pearl Harbor
are catalogued. But the Japanese people are again warned that it will be
a long war, Okamura, vice chief of the information board, refers to "this
sacred war for which we are prepared to fight 100 years.” Another speaker,
talking in Japanese from Batavia apparently to an audience of young Japanese,
declares, "No one can tell now how long it will take to achieve peace."
Still a third commentator declares, "ret our sons, our grandsons, our great
grandsons, carry on this war until our enemy is finally crushed."
Important Japanese leaders ao not seem to be im egreement as to the
present stage of the "Sncident". Premier Tojo declares in his anniver-
sary speech, “The fundamental fight in the China incident is yet to come.
Imperial Japan will exterminate the remant Chungking forces no natter
how high the cost." But a Lieut. Gen, Imai, after categorically denying
that Japan has invaded China, asserts, "We have won the China Incident.
Our present task 1s to reconcile the Chinese leaders, then the incident
can be called closed.”
The domestic audience is also shown that Japan is much stronger
economically and militarily as a yesult of her five years of war with
China, (Izuhiko) Mitani, head of the economic department of the China
Affairs Board, decleres, “The continent is the great pillar of dJapan....
The China Incident has given us the advantage of Imowing that materials
are being constantly developed for our use." ,
The general tendency of the Japanese line, however, is to look for-
ward to work still to be done, rather than permit the people to rest on
the laurels they have won during the past five years.
Although Chiang Kai-shek is given his share of blame for failing to
"cooperate" with Japan, the United States and Great Britain are depicted
as the true villains of the pieco for "tempting" the Chiang regime to
fight Japan. A Navy spokesman promises, "The punishment of the powers
behind China will eventually bring forth liguidation of the China Incident."
At times the China Incident is dopicted as being only the prelude to the
Greater East Asia war and at other times the Jatter is shown as the major
vehicle for bringing the "Chine Incident" to a close.
Satellites Join the Party: The Nanking regime is held up as the
prime example of the blessing of cooperation with Japan. Nanking under-
stands Japan's “true intentions" and consequently Japan is to lend her i
"“osgigtance to the security of the Nanking governmen ." Wang Ching-Wei, H
“the legitimate national heir of Sun Yat Sen," is "gathering friends and \
support from all the better Chinese elements in all sections of China and t
the Southern Regions." Nanking is "quickly rehabilitiating and restoring re
peace, order and industry in the coastal provinces and the Yangtze basin I
and has encourage the eradicotion of Anglo-American influence and ex- Bn
ploitation." Wang himself issued a statement designed to appeal to pos- i
Sibloe dissident members of the Chungking government. He says, "Excepting ,
a few obstinate elements, most of tho Chungking (mombers) are willing to L
take 2 part in Maintenance of peace and order."
« 1, =
In a carefully staged demonstration in Saigon, "thousands of Chinese
resijents" after "due ceremonies" burned a huge portrait of Chiang Kai-
she: "signifying their severance of relationship with the fugitive Chungking
jeader." A message Was sont “informing the dictator of their formal
decision to withdraw all allegiance from Chungking."
Thailend's recognition of the Nanking government is also timed to
demonstra the degree of cooperation between all members of the Co-
Prosperity Sphere.
Monchukuo ostentatiously celebrates the anniversary. The Minister of
State 18 Gllowed to assert thet "Manchukucan independence was the origin
of the battle in which the Asiatic people declared war against Britain and
America. It was the...proparation for the China Incident. And furthermore,
the Incident reached its final stage with the outbreak of the Greater East
Agia War."" Manchukuans are described as giving great popular support to
the holiday. "One and a half million (sic) citizens of Mukden marched to
the Mukden shrine to observe the anniversary." All "Manchukuan patriots”
offered prayers to the spirits of the war dead "as well as to the gallant
service men now on the firing lines."
From the Philippines Jorge Vargas joined the chorus of carefully
contro, led echoes by saying, "The Greater Hast Asia Sphere is truly the
fruit of the mission that has been entrusted to Japan. The people of
the Philippines have awakened to the future. We will join in the common
battle for Greater East Asia...with the close cooperation and guidance
of Japan."
Racial War: A definite attempt is made by Japan to interpret the.
Ching Incident and the GEA war as parts of a greater racial war, although
the term is not used. A certain major commenting on the China Incident
dec.ares, "Wo know it seemed foolish to fight against China, but our
object was to rescue it from Western aggressors. Our task will not be
complete until the white man's influence is entirely banished from the
Co-Prosperity Sphere." Another commentator declares that there was no
reason "Zor one yellow race to fight against another." The other two
members of the Axis are given no mention in Japan's celebration of the
anniversary.
UNDERGROUND MOVEMENTS
Guerrilla Warfare in North China: In a remarkably frank and revealing
urt’cle written by a Domel correspondent representing the army press sec~-
tion, Japan's North China Expeditionary Force describes civilian resistance
to its “construction work." The account was broadcast in Japanese to the
Japanese Empire on July 6. The timing of the release was faulty, coming
as it did just tho day before the fifth anniversary celebration of the
"China Incident," in which strenuous efforts were made to prove that the
Chinese in occupied territory were gladly accepting Japanese rule.
I
i
i
|
- 32 -
The guerrillas are said to be influenced by “commmism and Chungking
anti-Japanese propaganda." These have time and again been offered to the
Japanese people as the sole reasons for China's failure to "understand"
Japan. The 8th Route Army is named as fountain head of the widespread
opposition to the Japanese, The Japanese Army estimates this group has
as many as 25,000 members. There is no attempt to minimize the strength .
of the movement, excepto point to its lack of military materials, .
The report declares, "Even at the present time, at places where construc-~-
tion work is being carried out by our forces there are many young boys,
girls and women serving the enemy as contact agents." It adds that on some
occasions entire populations of villages flee’ when the Japanese forces
approach and “the chagrin felt by our men...cannot be comforted with tears."
The counter-measures taken by the occupation army are also described
in some detail. “Our forces, after spreading a cordon completely around a
city, have arrested every individual there.... All women, men and children
in villages influenced by communism are arrested by our forces by the
hundreds and thousands and are held...as prisoners. Then they are subjected
to careful examination, and those who are found to have had no contacts with
the commnist army are put to such work as filling...secret passages, or
standing sentry duty on the roads, or digging trenches around the outskirts
of the village. In this mamner, our forces are building the foundation of
peace and order." Incidentally, villages are classified as "peaceful areas,
quasi-peaceful areas and potentially peaceful areas."
A statement to the effect that the occupation forces “are expending
thelr offorts in planting a political system in the various villages"
seems to indicate that increased ideological counter-measures are being
taken, The report ends by asserting that "the coummnist forces are being
gradually wiped out," but it does not even attempt to set a date for the
final establishment of “peace and order" in long-occupied North China.
"Obstruction" in the Philippines: Japanese Army authorities have i
again threatened with dire punishment those who are "o ting construc- |
"|
|
tion" of the Philippines. A domestic broadcast says t 19 authorities
recently forbade political assemblies and political. in the Philip- i
pines but complains that there are still scwe who "go not waderstand our H
true motives." : f
cared
Terrorists in Shanghai: Two thousand "terrorists" have been seized
in Shanghai during an unspecified period of time. The radio asserts that
they are lod by the Blue Shirt Society, the Coummnist Party and other
secret groups.
Violations in Thailand: A Thai-language broadcast from Bangkok warns
the Thai people against violating orders concerned with prices and hoarding. ,
"We are glad many profiteers have been imprisoned. There are some Thais :
who dislike the Government from selfish motives, who secretly work for the i
enemy." Threat of imprisonment and martial law is held out if the poeple
continue to work against the prosecution of the war.
-33-
OFFICIAL JAPANESE BROADCASTS TO ASIA
(July 3-9)
TOKYO TO INDIA
The Japanese seem determined to exploit the name of Gandhi as much as
possible. Thoro are no imiicationg that Tokyo is piqued by his recont
interest in China and in Anglo-American armed protection for India. Tokyo
scons still to be betting on the Congress Working Committee's accoptance
of Gandhi's proposed non-violence domonstration against the British. There
is a subtle appeal to the martial Sikhs, in reminiscences over their Akali
movement in the twenties--vhen some Brittsh boat a number of Sikhs for
refusing to loave what the Sikhs considored Temple ground and tho victime,
instoad of striking back, remained stoadfastly non-violent,
In Tokyo's coverago of the veported Gandhi plan to get Britishers
out of India (knceling, politoly asking them to leave) only half tho story
is ad, as apparontly in Ganéhi's proposal tho Indians would also assure
itish of comploto Indian good will and moral sincerity, and would
1 © that in an omorgoney thoy vould be willing to protect with thoir
livos thoir British brothors
Tokyo broadcasts a program in Malay, roporting a message to Islam
fron the Japanoso Ambassador in Romo. The talk describes roligious
freedom jn Japan, tells the Moglons that Japan is impationt to ace Islam
teko ito rightful placo in the Near East. "At present tho world of Islam
is dying instead of spreading as Mahomot wishod it to, and it is our duty
to roinvigorate it.... Honce all Moslom countries must unite through
heir rel " ‘Thus Japan sends out propaganda supporting Gandhi, the
Congross Party and roligious unity in India, while Japanoso officials aro
simultancously urging the Moslens to tako up the sword and the Koran in
the intorests of Pan-Islamian,
TO CHiNA AND THE SOUTH srAS
Japanose broadcasts to Cht
Ma, in tho weok of the Fifth anniversary
oP? the China var, reveal
a great jump in positive propaganda of a non-
nilitary nature. Two nonths ago only six porcont of tho broadcast itoms
vopresonted propaganda bagod on racial and cultural sympathy; now alnost
a fifth aro of thig natura, Roeforouces to Japanose military victories HH
have screasod, doapite Japan's recont important gains in China and dospito le
Fronier Tojo's statomont that Japan will novor ccase waging war against i
China until Chungking do ¢rushed. Of tho 18% of reforonces to military
operations, only 6% is rolatod to the China war; tho othor 12% is dovoted
to action olsowhero in Agia and Europo, The appoals to racial unity,
Common culturo, and co-prospority combine to form noro: than half of tho
broadcast items, Porhaps Tokyo considorg that Japan's rocent victorios
will spoak for thomeelves, and the radio is taking this opportuni ty to
3h
soften up the people, by confusion and sentiment ana promises, for '
another big Japanese blow,
Japanese broadcasts to China (612 items)
This week 2 Months ago
7 (duly 2-6) (May 1-6)
° 3
REFERENCES TO CHINA: NON-MILITARY CULTURAL 18% 6h
ATTACKS ON UNITED NATIONS a 28% hog
JAPAN AND BAST ASIA: STRENGTH, UNITY Bum 21h
TRIPARTITE SOLIDARITY 2 8%
MILITARY OPERATIONS: TRIPARTITE VICTORIES _ 18% 25%
100% 100%
The insignificant amount of referencos ‘to Japan's Axis ties fits in with
such a hypothesis. Japan is minimizing her Axis ties and attompting to
convince Chungking thet the China war is an affair strictly botween Japan
and China, Even tho nature of attacks on the. United Nations (28 percont
of tho itoms) has altered fron that of two months ago. Now the attacks
are ainod primarily at Anglo-American war guilt, and western "intervention"
and "imporialism" in China, rathor than at tho military weaknesses of China's
allies. : ,
OFFICIAL JAPANESE BROADCASTS TO LATIN AMERICA
(June 18-July 9)
Dospite the recent procarious balance of the pro-Axis front in Latin
Amorica--a front carefully nurtured by Tokyo in the past--tho radio makes
no specific appeals to Latin America, However, it botrays some concorn
on other beans.
REFERENCES TO LATIN AMERICA ON OTHER BEAMS
*
Tokyo roports to Europe that Chile's decision to remain neutral was
opposed by only two voteg, and to the South Seas, that Argontina's adhcronce
to noutrality is attracting widespread attention, and that the Argontinians
are asking for moro Jananese goods. In a Japanese broadcast to North -
sAmorica, Tokyo reveals furthor concern over Argentina, "which has been
withstanding clover and hideous America" but which is at presont "gravely
interested" in the Inter-American Conference on Systoms of Economic and
Financial Control. Then the radio procoods at once to cite, as an examplo
of tho "improved" relations betweon Argentina and Japan, the staging of the
first Japanose play in Buonos Airos. It is claimed that this opus was
“onthusiastically recoived," and that the Studonts Theatrical Association
will introduce moro Japanese plays in tho noar futuro, "which will holp to
improvo tho relations between the two countries under present intormational
conditions,”
In line with its paramount interest in tho Japanese "spirit" and tho
Glorios of tho GHA, the radio dovotes much attention to five Chiloan news-
Pepormon of BL DI.RIO ILUSTRADO who are on thoir way home aboard the Asana
Maru after 10 months in Japan. They are quotod ag praising tho calmness
and composure prevailing in Japan propor and tho rapid roconstruction; tho
Peace and ordor; and the prosperous conditions in Japanose-oceupied
torritory, The lattor appears to bo a sweeping conclusion dram from
Whirlwind inspection tours of Hong Kong and Singapore while their ship
Wes calling at those ports.
THE LATIN AMERICAN BEAM
The redio has dropped its lato insistence upon the "colossal threat"
Contained in Japanose attacks on the Wost Coast and the occupation of the
Alowtiens, It confinos its predictions to oxtromoly swooping statements of
to Allicd collapso. It fails to exploit tho actual crisis spots, and
Russia ond Libya aro hardly montionod, This may bo a mute testimonial
to the fact vhat Tokyo vocognizos tho” strained rolations between Gormany
and the Latin Amorican victins of Germany‘a submarino campaign and honco- .
doos not choose to strogs Tripartite “partnorship" at this timo, ~
Roosevelt machinations for the cornoring of post-war tradv are suggested
by the radio in connection with tho alloged criticism by Mr. Landon, "head
of the Republican party,” of a projoct sot up for the purposo of studying
Sommerce between the Allics after the war,
BRITISH BROADCASTS
TO NORTH AMERICA
OFF
POCrAL
(In English)
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF ANALYZED BROADCASTS
Percent of Meaningful Items
THIS WEEK LAST WEEK Last MONTH:
(July 2-8) (June 25-July 1) (May 28-June |
1000 Items 3012 Items 12524 Items
MILITARY OPERATIONS... .....e cece cece 48Ge cece ee ee
China~Burma (34)
Libya-Egypt © ~ (15%; off 5)
Russia (14%;up 4)
Malta-Mediterranean (6%;up 3)
North Europe (1%; off 5)
Bneland (1-6)
Other (Pacific, etc.) (1%)
General strategy (8%;up 8)
ENGLAND. ......... ne 2 ra BQeveveccseee ere 3
Reaction to Libya
(criticisms, etc.) (124)
Military (praise,
awards, etc.) (1$;0ff 2)
Economic (rationing, la-
bor, etc.) (1-4; off 6)
Social change (coop~
eratives, etc.) (1%;0ff 5)
Post-war world (4%)
Cheracter-culture (5%)
ALITED: BELATIONS .eecics canna vacawiey ev werd eawws cause eewlier vs vices veel
United States (coop-
eration, Independ—
ence Day, otc.) (35)
China (praise, annivor-
sary, otc.) (8%;up 8)
Egynt (political, otc.) (4%;up 4)
Russia (2%)
South Africa (1+)
Poland (142)
4
United Nations (411) (1-7)
ie
ENEMY NATIONS.......
Attacks on Gormany (9%;up 3)
Internal weakness (2%)
Inmorality ( 7”
FASCI ST DOMIMuwTED
NEUTRALS...
PWS scacmeietecevene wae RS SCT © ea
OTHER. ......,
FEO OR OD ee eee eee eee e seca se cedersesesevrveolessescerescecceede:
TOTAL 100% 100% 100%
|
i
-37-
\
ANALYZED BRITISH BROADCASTS
(duly 3-9)
Military operations on the Russian and North African fronts dominate
the BBC picture for the week but problems of general strategy, especially
air and shipping, are coming rapidly into the forefront. References to
Allied relations almost doubled this week asa result of the celebration
of the fifth anniversary of China's war with Japan.
EGYPT AND RUSSIA
The BBC's treatment of the Egyptian front this week is surcharged
with moderate cheerfulness and restrained optimism,
‘The BBC remains cautious in its treatment of the situation but it
cannot help but express satisfaction at increased reinforcements and an
aggressive, full scale turning against Rommel which is predicted shortly.
In this comection it is interesting to note that references to Malta
have doubled this week as the British once again stress Rommel's supply
difficulties. This may indicate that Malta is once again performing
an offensive role in herassing German supplies, a function which ceased
almost completely during the past month when the island was being attacked
constantly by Nazi air raiders.
References to fighting in Russia have increased by a third. While
the BBC is ever confident that the Russians will emerge eventually as
victorious, the present military situation in Russia is viewed as grave
for the Russians and there is relatively Little prediction on its
immediate outcome. The BBC sees a threat to the movement of Russian
domestic oil supplies in the continued drive of the Germans to the Don,
put refrains from excessive commentary while awaiting spot details of
the battle in progress.
Frederick Kuh, head of the London Bureau of the Chicago Sun, ina
broadcast over the BRC, stresses the danger in the Far East for Russia
with the statement that "we had an authoritative statement in London
that Japan has great numbers of troops on the Siberian border and that
an attack on Russia is probable."
STRATEGY AND THE DISTRIBUTION CRISIS
Problems of general strategy take up 8% of BBC broadcasts this
week. This sudden leap in the statistical column is not without good
cause. While the Parliamentary debate was taking place last week over
Milne's suggested voto ‘of censure, the BBC was discussing the effect of
air operations on the fighting in North Africa. According to Oliver
Stewart, the enemy "employed no new machines and no new methods."
Following on the heels of the Parliamentary debate, with its controversial
@iscussions of dive-bombing and the relative strength of air and naval
\
~ 38 -
power, the BBC plunged quickly into detailed enalyses of these subjects.
Perhaps as a direct result, Stewart this week admitted that “the aircraft...
which has probably caused more catastrophes ‘than any other in tlie war
4g the dive bomber.... At see, the value of the dive bomber is acknowledged
even by some who refuse to admit it as a valuable type for actions over
jend." Like Stewart, who has had to revise some of his views, Admiral
gir Agnew Colvin, BBC speaker, also admits to the increased influence of
aircraft on the outcome of sea pattles. Colvin insists, however, that
for long distances, seapower is essential. "For an Empire like ours,"
saya Colvin, "strung out over the whole of the ocean, the security of
sea communications and thus the protection of shipping is our first and
prime essential." é
Repeating Colvin's ‘arguments, Robert Fraser, BBC News Analyst, says
that “it's only through ships thet the United Nations can ever hope to
pring their full power against the Axis." ‘In his analysis, however,
Fraser ties up his coments with the immediate dangers confronting the
United Nations as 4a result of the Axis success against Allied ships in
the western Atlantic. He also argues in favor of the publication of
shipping losses~-% practice which was discontinued some time ago. Another
BBC speaker, Lt. Col. Kennedy, ties the shipping problem up with the
battle now raging in Russia. "Tp the Germans could capture the Caucasus
oil," soya Kennedy, “and the oll of the Middle East as well, tho Axis
would then have gained possession of the main sources of oil in both
Europe and Asia, and the Allied nations would become dependant on...
supplies from America." At the present time, therofore, the shipping
theme ‘which has just come to the fore in the past few days, has the
manifold significance of (1) playing up the immediate role of shipping
to the Allied, cause, (2) discouraging any jrresponsible demands for
the opening of a second front in which an almost unlimited amount of
shipping would have to play & dominant yoles(3) highlighting the sig-
- nificant connection between the battle now raging in Russia and the
problems which would beset the Allies should they be defeated in the
Caucasus and the Middle East. Another explanation for the sudden
entrance of the shipping theme into the forefront of BBC propaganda
strategy is that Allied convoys headed for Murmansk and Archangel are
confronted by massed Nazi battlewagons in the northern seas. In BBC
reports up to Friday, July 10, there are references to the torpedo damage
inflicted on the Von Mrpitz, Nazi battlewagon in the Barents Sea, but
no mention whatsoever to damage which may have been inflicted, or indeed,
any possible statement indicating that the convoy was either hit badly
or not at all. On the other hand, it is very interesting to note that
the BBC devotes an entire Listening Post progran purported to show how
Nazi claims contrast with Nazi propaganda on the subject of Allied aid
to Russia. Showing how the Nazis attempt to split the Allies from each
other by telling the Russians that they were to receive nothing, and by
telling the peoples of Britain and America that nothing was going,
the speaker declares that this week this campaign has had a bit of a jolt. ‘\
"This week," says Brent Wood, "they (the Nazis) claim to have sunk 32
ships out of an Anglo-American convoy in the Arctic ocean, Thirty-two
ships, 200,000 tone. A convoy which could lose so much mut obviously
have been enormous and indeed the Nazis say it was the largest convoy
ever seon.... You might believe that no supplies are going to Russia
- %9
if you heard that alono, you might believe that the Germans have destroyed
3e ships carrying supplies there if you heard that alone » but they can't
both be true. On the other hand, of course, they could both be false."
HEARING FROM THE OTHER SIDE
Oa July 8th, as if in tacit reply to a criticism by a Conservative
M.P. which appeared in American newspapers charging that BRC broadcasts
to the United States were "leftish."” The BBC broadcasted a tall by
A. Hill, M.P., chairman of the well known 1922 Conservative Committee,
concerning the conditions which will be necessary in the world as a whole
if the economic troubles which lead to unemployment and poverty are put
right. In the introduction by the BBC announcer » Mr. Hill was presented
as a "Member of Parliament and prominent among Conservative members who
do not hold posts in the Government." In talking about the world after
the war, Hill says,"When one is thinking under constantly changing conditions
it is stupid to make plans on too concrete lines.... The only sure found-
ation of social betterment in any country rust be...national...security.
It is false for us to think that internetionalism in its common sense can
do better than the cooperation of patriots. No one has respect for
citizcas of one country who consistently attack their own methods of
government and prefers the methods of another country."
It is equally interesting, in ccnnection with the "political"
criticism leveled against the BBC, that, as in the past, it has not
made any reference to an attack made this week in the English Daily
Herald on Lord Halifax, which was also recorded in the American press.
No puNcHYs PULLED
The fifth anniversary of China's heroic resistance to the Japanese
is the occasion for a soberly frank broadcast on current events by
Frederick Kuh, Kuh's talk is another instance of the BEC strategy of
presenting American speakers when 1t desires that certain thenes be
eynamically re-stated., Last week's dobate in Parliament made it clear '
to Kuh that the British Empire forces in North Africa were “out-gunned and
out-tanked. The best tank they had in the desert was the American
General Grant: but there were not enough of them. That type, however,
is already out of production and a more formidable tank is rolling out
of our factories." This is the most explicit admission made thus far over |
the BBC that the American General Grants wore not satisfactory.
'
fo}
at
Hf
BROADCASTS
AN
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<<
oc
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on
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=
CA
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NORTH
TO
(In English)
STATISGICAL SUMMARY OF ANALYZED BROADCASTS
Percent of Meaningful Items’
it 8 THIS WERK LAST WEEK LAST M
i? (July 2-8) (dune 25-Tuly 1) (May 2863;
, 371 Items 246 Items 1521 It
Ht MILITARY OPERATIONS. +s eeee esses ee eee eee elS Bee ec cee eeee LOB aes vee e «20
: Australasia (158; up 6)
i AUSTRALIA. seeeeeeeesee sees eeeeese cece erceQbeceecseneree Shee ecceee ce
. Military (heroism, praise,
war effort, etc.) (19%; up 5)
: fi Economic (3%; off 8)
1 Post-war (4%; off 5)
ALLIED PRDATLOUS 2 03 2p set ee eseneouasneen sD ewaee saeesie Brace cevcese38
United States (19%; off 7)
ae Military (produc-
: tion, heroism, etc.) (134)
iy Independence Day (6%)
od -China (anniversary) (15%;up 13)
‘ sllied Command (progress
in australia, etc.) (
Russia (
New Zealand (
EWEMY NADIONS see cee eee eeelSsccceecesee sel
tere eee eaee 4
Attacks on Japan
(08
Attacks on Germany (48: up 4)
Attecks on Fascists (all) (3%;
FASCIST DOMINATED (CONDITIONS) ........0.cc00 Sesececesceece Becceseesees 5
NHUTRALS 606. s ese ee ceeee eee ceececeeccusuece De veecreececes Onecsececsee 0
OTHER. ese eeeeeeeeeeeecccessescccesesencceues Bor erecccensas Garscseveres 3
TOTAL 100% 100% . 100%
hi.
OFFICIAL AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTS
(July 3-9)
For the Australian radio, usually conspicuous for it:
"external relations" was the order of the week, The two anniversaries
and a renewed invitation to Join the Greater Co-Prosperity Sphere are the
occasions for reaffirming loyalties and denouncing enemies, Attention
to "Allied Relations" on the Australian radio this week rose to 39%
of the total broadcast content (a gain of 7 percent over last week;
see table). Radio attacks on the enemy showed a corresponding rise,
in this case 3%. Military operations remaining as they were (15%),
the compensating loss for the increases of the week is found in an 8
percent reduction of attention to Australia itself. This does not
signify a lack of newsworthy events in the Australian domestic scene,
however. On the contrary, there is every indication that the Australian
war effort is rolling mightily along.
gs self-concern,
HEROES AND VILLAINS
fwo Anniversaries: Inter
anniversary of the war with Ja
of July by the Australian radio this week,
relative figures. In
view of the fact that Anerican Army headquarters in Australia did not
make a holiday of the "Fourth," the Australian radio could hardly give
it the "all-out" treatment accorded to other national American holidays.
Statements praising America end Americang generally, perhaps because of
this restraint, were increased by 5%.
Qn Behalf of China: Appe.
been increasingly indirect in
recent weeks, and the Chinese anniversary
Provides another
thening the appeal without giving
Statements of China's needs
-yo-
Attacking on all Fronts: Although in attention and treatment Japan
remains the "first" enemy of Australia, this week brings a contrast of
Chinese and ,American ideals with Nazi ideals as well. Upon the occasion
of receiving another invitation from Japan to join the “sphere ,"*
Australia replies "we are not moved to accept. We have been looking
carefully at the Co-Prosperity Sphere and at its European equivalent,
New Order. The prospect does.not please us. To join the New Order,
either of Japan or of-Germany, meams- ta_give-over-the conduct of your
affairs to Japan or Germany. In Australia we do not I%ke to have our
affairs run for us." _
Other Friendships: Australia, we learn, is going to help fortisy
the Russian soldier against winter cold by sending to Russia all the
sheep skins that ships can carry. New Zealand, without a shortwave
radio of her own, is given news treatment this week in the Australian
broadcasts to North America. Perhaps this marks a new stage in co-
operation between these two allied nations in the southwest Pacific.
THE AUSTRALIAN EFFORT
That Australians are taking every advantage of the opportunity
afforded thom by Japanese military inactivity is seen again this week
in the variety and rapidity of administrative developments relating
to the progress of the war effort on the home front. Australia, we
are told,is renewing efforts towards solving the rubber shortage by
(1) having the army take over all the rubber plantations in New Guinea
and "recruiting planters to put them on pblitz-production lines"; and
(2) by discovering 4 method of manufacturing rubber goods from a
combination of raw and reclaimed rubber in which "six times the amount
of reclaimed rubber hitherto regarded as possible can be used." In
addition, the war cabinet has set up a "Scientific Liaison Bureau,"
whose function will be to sort out war problems and direct them to men
in laboratories capable of solving them. It will dovetail scientific
and non-scientific government departmental work, and will “promote the
application of science to all services." Waste clothing is now to be
salvaged along with discarded food and other materials. It 1s hoped
that stocks of emergency clothing can be built up in areas likely to
suffer from enemy attack,
OFFICIAL SOVIET BROADCASTS ~43~
(July 3-9)
"The peoples of the Soviet Union look ahead confidently," Moscow makes
this statement to the home audience on the day it announces the foll of
Sevastopol and reports the. beginning of the Nezi summer offensive. Dur-
ing the week the Soviet radio calls for further efforts from the armed
forces and from the home front. The radio admits "much has already been
done," but insists this is "not enough." The home listeners are warned,
"Nobody will deliver victory to us, ...we have to fight for it and
gein it by our own efforts." On the eighth, a-statement from IZVESTIA
is trensmitted to English-language listeners that "Never at any time dur-
ingtho war have the German tank divisions met with a resistance as for-
nidable as they are mceting in the battles today." The Soviets cleim
on the same day their armed forces are having "devastating effect on the
encny's equipment and menpower." a day later, domestic listeners ore :
assured of the superiority of Soviet artillery fire-power over that of
German ertillery.
During the week the Soviet radio extols the defenders of Sevastopol.
Moscow informs the home audience that the defenders fulfilled their basic
task--"to piralyze on the Sevastopol sector as many Germen Fascist
troops as possible and to annihilate as much enemy power and material as
possible,"
FRODUCTION CRESCENDO
Successes during dune on the industrial front are claimed. Ina
domestic broadcast the Soviets claim "The heavy armaments factories have
supplied the Réd army with more supplies then they did in Mey." Home
listeners are told, "In dJunc...the metallurgical industry produced more
netal than ever before." Moscow insists, in an English-languege broad-
cast, that "new successes" were echioved in the production of "high
octane oil and oil products needed for defense."
SSCOND FRONT IS FEASIBLE: ali2ICaNS WANT THE SECOND FRONT
This week Moscow persists in minimizing German military strength
in westcrn Europe. This practice vegun even before Stalin's suggestion
on November sixth regarding a second front is undoubtedly planned as
ergun.nt to convince British end americen listeners that a second
1t in Europe can be established quite readily. Moscow asserts that
"the German units left in Belgium ere unfit for active military operations."
In Yugoslavie, americans are told, “out of eight German divisions, only
one is left." Moscow insista'"The German army of occupation in Frence
is from 80,000 to 100,000 strong" and their fire-power "is from 40 to
60 percent below normal."
The suggestion made in last week's Anelysis thet the Soviets are
identifying their aims with those of the English-specking nations is
a4 4~
pomne out this week. American listoners are told “Phere cen be no doubt
thet a feeling of the justice and the necessity of the struggle against
Eitlerism inspires american soldiers today." Moreover, Moscow claims
ericen soldiers are "awaiting the opening of the second front." Mos-
cow's American listeners ore assured, "The spirit of the Americon posple,
susp as that of the people of the Soviet Union and Great Britain, is
not one of hesitancy, procrastination and delay; it is a fighting
spirit, a spirit of struggle against aggression."
SOVIET WAR aIMS
Moscow attempts, this week, to refute charges by the German press
vast the anglo-Soviet treaty contains secret clauses. The Soviets deny
in Snglish-language transmissions any aim of territorial aggrandizement.
“sscow insists the aim of the Red Army is to drive the Nazis “out of the
pounds of our country" (but still evades the question as to whether
the Polish, Baltic, and Rumanion territories occupied by the Soviets
or to the Gernen attack are considered within the bounds of the U.S.
.). americans are told "fhe future organization of Burope...will
ed on jointly by the freedom-loving countries after the final
snashing of Hitlerite Germany." The Soviets suggest that the guiding
urincivles will be "no territorial aggrandizment and no interference in
tne inturnel effairs of other nations.
de
This weck, the Soviets continue to claim in Germany a shortage of
ower ond a rising tide of discontent. More instances of collabor-
tion between Vichy end Germany and more examples of unrest in tho oc-
wied ereas ere alleged. China's "staunch" resistance is praised on
@ 5th Snnivorarry of the Sino~Jenancese conflict.
1
iran
7
BROADCASTS
H
'
c NESE
(In Chinese and English)
|
Cc
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF aatanyzep BROADCASTS
Percent of Meaningful Itemg
(June 23- July 6)
~Eng.-lang. Chinese-lang. Both lang. y
Broadcasts Broadcasts Broadcasts Bro;
469 Items 222 Items 691 Items
“| MILITARY OPERATIONS 38% 344 36%
| Far East 20 23(off 34%) al
Australasia 5 l- 3
India 1- ie} 1- i
Siberia 1 2 i @
i North Pacific-Midway-Wake L(off 5) O(off 6) i. +
i Russia 3(up 3) 4(un 3) 3 r
fl Germany aL: 1 1
u North Africa-Mediterranean 7(up 7) 4(up 4) 6
i CHINA 16 9 13
% Strength 10 1 M,
3 Praise-Morale 2 a 2
i Self-appeal 1. 7(up 6) 3
Leaders 2 ce) 1
Other 1- ie} 1-
i ALLIED REL PIONS 35 25. 32
United States 8(up 5) fe) 6
England 5 l- 3
India 5(off 2) 1- 3
H Australia a ie} z
Russia l(off 5) (off 6) 1
China’ (praisc-cooperation) l(off 3) 2 2
All (cooperation, praise
, appeal) 18(off 4) 1?(up 5) 14
Other ‘ds; (4 2
EVSMY NATrIows 6 32 14 z
Japan 5 21(up 18) 10
Germeny Q 10(up 8) 3 ‘
Axis l(off 5) 1 1
FASCIST DOMIWATEL TERRITORY a eee od 1 2
POST-WAR 5(ap_ 4) 10) 4
TOLL 100% 100% 100%
OFFICIAL CHINESE BROADCASTS
(duly 3-9)
Only during the ers, naw past, when Chins celebreted "days of humilietion"
would it have seemed strange for rsdio Chungking to present the picture it
does this week. It is the picture of ¢ country facing its sixth year of war
by taking stock of its past and future, with confidence, moderation, and
perspective,
CHINA FACES SIXTH YEAR oF WAR
The broadcasts ana lyzed are largely
impression that the main effort is direct,
and her fellow countrymen abroad that "et this last juncture of ultimate
victory" China will "throw in her greatest effort...to overthrow the Japanese
militery and to reconstruct the New Asis." Presented as evidence that this
promise will be kept is the old
£ China's epic resistance.
beamed abroad, with the resulting
ed toward resssuring her Allies
iS Kong, Singapore, Pearl Harbor,
Menile, Meleys, Corregidor, N.E.I.). Apparent pride is taken, however, in
the fect that "Our five yeers of resi
Stance have established a
Chine in the world." In the setting of t
@ Salute is offered.to China's Allies wh
"In eight years of war and armed wit:
Succeeded in winning its independence."
of Chins. (See table for increased etter
accompanying drop in references to military operations, where slight
encouragement can be derived.)
PLANS FOR INTERNAL RECONSTRUCTION
One example of current efforts toward reconstruction even during
the prosecution of the wer i
S presented by the Minister of Finance
ina long exposition of the way in which China's financial problems
are being approached. Compulsory subscription of war bonds will be
applied to those with "liberal incomes," while those of lesser incomes will
be invited to voluntee
vr subscriptions. Adjustments will be made with
a view to "increasing the national revenue through sn increase of the
tax burden on the rich." "
Ching has shown what can be done by a nation
which has faith in iteelr."
a
EXPECTATIONS OF ALLIES
Few new concrete causes
drawn from outside China. (
to Allied relationships,
or celebration or encouragement seem to be |
See table for decreasing references 4
with accompanying rise in attention to
}
i
'
‘ ball, i=
enemy weaknesses, discussed later on.) In the field of outside re-
lationships efforts are directed chiefly toward setting expectations for
the Allies to live up to. Chiang Kai-shek speske very concretely about the
role he hopes America will play. "The United States will first thoroughly
defeat her number one .enemy (Japan). The Minister of War follows-"Japan
is the weakest link in the aggression bloc and once that is disposed of
the Nazis will be weakened. ‘This ig one point I hope our United Nations
will not overlook." Chiang Kai-shek again speaks quite specifically.
"The decline of Japan will begin from the sea and be concluded on
the continent." Sun Fo, President of the. Legislative Yuan, appears
to support this idea-"Our single handed resistance could cope with ali
factors except the enemy's navy. (Not) as long es (it) exists will our
victory be secure." / new outside relationship is reported, without
comment, in the inauguration of a daily news broadcast by the BBC in Chinese
to China, initiated by Lady Cripps in a first program.
In the consideration of Jepan's next move, last week's conclusion
that Siberia would be sttacked next is carried forward by only one important
citetion on the radio. London is quoted as believing that Japan will
attack Siberia this suumer or fell. Press reports from Chungking produce
new evidence in support of this thesis, but other press reports also
consider Indie and Australia as possibllities., Whether Japan will try
@ squeeze piay on Chungking; whether reported large migrations of Japanese
to North Chine end Sekhalin Island heve militery significance; whether
increased activity neer the Indo-Chins border is major or minor ~-these
questions sre raised either by radio or the press, but not enswered. In
this milieu of uncertainties redio Chungking says, "No one can predict what
will happen next."
JAPA NESE PLANS
The heavy price Japan has paid for her successes is given considerable
attention. Whet seems to be wishful thinking sppesrs'in such statements
as "Economic and financiel hare-kirl awaits Japan," and "The prolonged and
enlarged military risk of the Jepanese government has sroused the
skepticism and dissatisfaction of the Jepanesé people."
WAR AIMS
Chine's war aims are sgain summarized in slightly new form: (1)
disarming of the Axis powerc; (2) self determination of the peoples of
the world; and (3) internetional colleboration. Most interesting on the
last point are the comments of the President of the Cooperative League
of China: "We believe no system can be stable...not based on true inter-
national cooperation...a system giving no chance for economic explaita-
tlon. Cooperation offers this." In this connection radio Chungking reports
without comment a proposed international post-warwhest pool. The broadcast
Sample does not yet refer to the declaration by the Chinese Communist
Party, thet ite cooperation with the Kuomintang will continue during
the period of postwar reconstruction, a statement which may be expected
to serve es a source of encouragement.
'
ce)
a
BROADCASTS
NCH
FRE
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF ANALYZED NEWS BROADCASTS FROM VICHY FRANGH
Nc SAL ek A Seen eA
THIS WEEK
(July 2-8)
514 Items
MILITARY OPERATIONS
349
Russian Front
Favorable to Axis
Heutral
North africa-Mediterranean
. Favorable to Axis
Unfavorable to Axis
Far Eastern Front
Favorable to Axis
Sea Lanes
Favorable to Axis
Other Optrations
Favorable to xis
13
GHS AXIS
Favorable to Axis
SHS UNITED WATLONS
10
Unfavorable items
Unfav. to Britain 7
THE WEUTRuLS
ca
Favorable to Neutrals
PRaUCE
Home Front
French Strength
Favorable Itons
Political 11
Economic 6
Cultural 3
Social Welfare 3
Fronch lMornlity
Favorable Items
Politicel ?
Heutrel Itens
Franco-German Relr tions
Favorable to collaboration
TOTAL
24
Percent of Meaningful Item
LAST WEEK
(June 25-July 1) (June-34
498 Items
a ahige .
VICHY BROADCASTS IN FRENCH as
(July 3-9)
The latent conflict between the declining Petain variant of collabor-
ationism, basing itself on France's wealmess and guilt, and the ascending
Laval variant, arguing on the basis of French strength and pride, ig ‘
coming to the surface. ‘The campaign in favor of worker's migration
to Germany continues with Laval's Sponsorship crowding out Petain ..° : .
almost entirely, ee uae
THE PROUD AND THE MEEK .
On July 3 Petain told a group of returned war’ prisoners -that: "a
nation sorrects itself only after an unhappy war.... A nation. has to‘be
whipped sometimes. We were ‘crushed; we were whipped. I pass my time
trying to. convince Frenchmen, that we were whipped. Some of them don't”
yeu realize it." On June 22 Laval declared that “our. generation cannot
resign itself to be a beaten generation." The contrasting emphasis of ~
those statements epitomizes the current conflict-between ‘the-Petain
and the Laval variety (dominant om Radio Paria since. 1940). of collaboration:
ideology. (As it happens, the pergonalities of Petain and Laval are
well. suited to the rival arguments which they sponsor.) The Vichy
vadio adopts increasingly the. Laval. vartant. (1) It minimizes attemtian-~
to utterances such as Petein's pet (and set): speech which:was quoted
above. When he gave it to.army officers a month-ago, it was not carried-
by the shortwave (see the Analysis for June 6). ‘The July 3 occasion
Just refeired to was not mentioned either. When ‘the Marshal.uttered
the identical words again a few days .later-(this time ata publio audience
in convarsing about population problems), they'were quoted -but -passed..over
without corment. (2) Vichy initiated towards-the -end of. duns~overt
-and in part violent polemics against -Petain's-submissiveness ideology,
of course. without mentioning the name of tho.supreme “masochist of the-
defecs." Leon Boussard, the director of ‘the Vichy shortwave, finds. an
-lnstance of the psychological. mechanisms of ‘projection and rationalization
in those who assert that France has lost her strength: "We have‘truly
had our fill of all those chatter-boxes who look:for alibis for their
wealmecs, ready for abjection and servitude."- He adds to the denial of
weaimess.a refusal to accept guilt: "The. masochists:of the defeat. attemt
to make us beliove that France. deserved such a stern Ivsson. In-truth-we-
recognize as guilty only those leaders who, .lacking.in foresight, have-
Sent us to battle with too few planes, tanks, arms. Let us.be allowed.
to rai: our heads. We do not accept...all.the responsibilities’ for-’~
the actions the consequences of which we are suffering." (3) After.
laval's speech the assertion that "we-do not-accept the status of a’
venqutshed nation" is repeated. The-sama purpose is presumably behind- |
the equation between Briand's 1925-1931 policy eiming at a rapprochement
with Germany, and Laval's 1940-1942 collaboration efforts.. 5
What are the factors which makethe .Laval<group turn'so sharply~ os
against the ideology of its predecessor? First of all, it -may believé
that the chances of the acceptance of the Petain variant are getting’ *-
slimmer as Frenchmen recuperate from the depression. following the 1940...
~30-
debacle. In his recurring admonition Petain very clearly states the
connection between the Level of suffering of the population and its
readiness to accept his doctrine: "Some (Frenchmen)...don't yet realize
it (i.e. that 'we are whipped'). If there happen to be one or two
successive days of ample food distribution they forget everything. But
it is true that such an event doesn't happen often." (Evidently this
hypothesis is relevant for United Nations. economic policy towards France.)
Secondly, the two ideologies are habitually associated with signif-
icantly diverging policy lines. Those who emphasize France's dejected
state, usually advocate collaboration for the sake of averting further
catastrophies and for the purpose of recuperating positions which were
previously taken for granted. Thus Petain affirms in his July 9 speech’
at Brive: “Our aim is to bring an acceptable peace treaty about..., not
to make France victorious (that possibility has passed), but to make her
free again." On the other hand, the adherents of the Laval ideology
predict unprecedented gains for France if ghe integrates herself fully
into ""urope." Thus Vichy this week introduces the assertion that “our
French agriculture which was compelled by the Treaty of Versailles to
limit its production and its markets, will henceforth dispose of a vast
Eurcpean market." (Such a theme, in which France is alluded to as tho
vanquished of the 1919 treaties, is presumably intended to conform to
Nazi intentions to turn France back to agriculture, and also to gratify
farmers whose favor the regime especially solicits this week.) Further-
more, if France is to collaborate under duress and for purposes of
expiation, she ought to do so on the behest of dispassionate reason,
pursuing the policy of the lesser evil, going as far as necessities
warrant it, and not being dogmatic about the favorable outcome of the
experiment. (A good instance of this line is given in the July 6 short-
wave specoh of the former Deputy and present National Counsellor for the
French Antilles, M. Candace.) If on the other hand, France is to
collaborate in the full freedom of strength and self-rightoousness, she
might do so enthusiastically rather than by virtue of painful self control,
in an all out fashion rather than partially, pursuing the greatest good
rather than escaping still greater evils, and being quite certain about
a happy ending of the new departure.
These considerations may help to explain the curious reversal of
typical post-defeat attitudes in present-day France. Usually (as for
example in Germany after 1919) passionate declarations of a refusal to
"accept the defeat" are to bo found mainly among those who want to resist
the victors to a higher extent than those who reasonably admit defeat.
In France the contrary is the case,_It can be surmised that the strain of
assertive nationalism helps rather than harms the case of the Laval group.
Here as elsewhere contemporary totalitarian movements are advantaged by
their wninhibitedness in dissociating traditional connections between words
and acts whenever it seems useful to do so.
MORE REASONS FOR EMIGRATION
Laval's Praaco-German labor policy remains a major topic on the
Vichy radio this week. Tho "wave-technique” discussed in the last analysis
continues to be applied, as the following graph shows.
~51-
Vichy References To The Migration
Of French Workers Into Germany
Suaber Of Words |
Per Analyzed 100
sews Broadcast
80 4
60 |
40 4 !
s / /
@ tex l
June 24 25 26 2728 2930 123 4 5 6 7
July
Vichy shortwave broadcasts and Lyon home broadcasts proceed with
the elaboration of arguments in favor of Laval's request to the French
working class. (See the classification given in the last analysis.)
The contents of Laval's letter to the heads of the employment agencies
are reproduced and paraphrased, Also, it is alleged that advantages
for France will result internally by the closer bonds betweon the city
and countryside as an outcome of urban sacrifices on behalf of rural
prisoners. A higher dogrce of national unity will lead to bettor
peace terms: "Our noighbors observe us;.tho more we are divided, the
more difficult will it be to obtain an acceptable peace." (Potain,
July 9) Externally, Laval's labor policy will bring about closer
"understanding" between the Gorman and the French people by virtue of
intimate contacts. Moral obligations of city workers toward farmer
prisoners are related is wook more than before to the traditionally
overwhelming participation of farmors in tho Fronch army (70% of all
prisoners are said to havo been farmors in 1940) and to the particularly
oxeruciating psychic hardships which captivity imposes on thom, as "they
have been less ideologically minded than others,"
That Vichy's labor migration campcign igs not pushed by the romants
of the Potain group may be suggosted by the following table:
Charactoristics of Vichy Reforences to Migration of Fronch Workors
(News Broadcasts, June eh-July 7)
Total number of WOU ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeees caves 3750 (approx.)
Number of mentions of French leaders: “3a-
Petainessecsecece
Laval. .ccccees teens
Number of mentions of Germany:
Germany as point of destination and German, agencies in-
volved in the process of migration (i.e, employment
agencies, factories, BUC e) hed ereeinsninin aseleeielh ASLETTAR AM Besorecriow 46
Other mentions of GOYMANY. 6... e eee eeeeeeeeseesevevtncccne, 10)
"New Order" terms (1.6. "New Europe", "New Society", etc.). 4
These data also show-clearly that Vichy propagandists do not dare to make
any references to Germany in the heavily emphasized pro-migration
arguments contained in "news" broadcasts.
~ *
MORE CONCESSIONS TO THE FARMERS
8
The Vichy trend to favor the countryside at the expense of the city
(which is one important aspect of Laval's labor policy) was presumably
clearly expressed by the Minister of Agriculture, M, Leroy-Ladurie, ina
speech commented upon by the radio, but apparently not carried by it
despite announcements and retrospective references to the contrary.
Looking forward to increased supply difficulties, Vichy exculpates the
farmers much more completely than during the March-April wheat crisis
(see Analyses of March 28 and April 10) "The farmers have as always done
their duty" asserts the station, giving the calculation behind this
generous opinion away by observing that they deserve honor especially
"in this period of the year when their labors become particularly
burdensome." The Scanegoats are now ambiguously designated as "those
whom the farmers need for the accomplishment of their task," i.e. the
private and public distribution apparatus. If its members do not do
their duty "they will see public anger turn against them if bread is
lacking one day."
ANOTHER TOMB IN EGYPT
Vichy's treatment of the war shows little originality... While the
presentation of the Eastern Front is oriented on Nazi communiques, the
picture of the African battle shows some similarity with that presented
in Axis broadcasts in Arabic. An imminent conquest of Egypt, with the
potent aid of a native fifth and sixth colum is repeatedly predicted,
The consequences of this will be so far reaching that "Egypt with its
grandiose sepulchres might well become the tomb of what remains of
British prestige in the world," including France where Anglophilia is a
about to disappear under the impact of events.
As the military situation of the United Nations becomes more critical,
Vichy's presentation of their non-military aspects becomes more unfavorable.
Hitherto, the station had stressed the gradual accretion of power in Washing-
ton at the expense of London, Now it introduces the theme of actual discord.
While according to the sober Leon Boussard "it would be exaggerated to say
that, there is no love lost between Downing Street and the White House," on-
other commentator discovers a symbol in “the inmense ocean which separates
mera" Curiously enough, the commemoration of the Franco-British naval ation
at Mors-el-renay two years ago is briof and restrained. ‘The emphasis is on
French naval heroism, ekil1, and luck rather then on British immorality.
Similar moderation is shown in the cursory discussion of possible British
action involving the French fleet in Alexandria: "hope" is expressed through
8 quotation from the CAZETTE DE LavSANNS that the British won't sink it, algo
In view of the fact that it is “owt ef. fighting commission,"
53
OFFICIAL BROADCASTS FROM SWEDEN
(July 3-8)"
Broadcasts from Sweden reaffirm the ‘democratic political outlook, and
reflect severe struggles against economic deprivation and shipping losses.
Ten professors from the University of. Lund have published a book
“Mirror of the Times." They agree that the Pight 1s now for personal
freedom, national independence and popular government. They call for
the free investigation of all points of view and believe this possible
only in a society governed by free people in free cooperation and with
free criticism. They deplore those scholars "bound like a slave -to
propaganda" and recognize that the battle for truth depends upon "main-
taining the will to resist."
The annual Congress of Swedish public school teachers heard their
chairman speak of the Norwegian public school teachers whose lot it
now is "to maintain the Nordic opinions of life and society in their
country against an ideology which is foreign to Nordic conception."
The news broadcast from Stockiolm further reports the educator's tale
of a protest by the Quisling press in Norway against tablets gratefully
acknowledging that a number of pre-fabricated houses presented to war-
torn Norway had been gifts from Sweden. "The only thanks Sweden wants,"
says the speaker, "would be if, the Quisling authorities could be persuaded
to permit more help from Sweden, instead of categorically refusing all
offers of assistance as they are now doing."
Economie endeavors make up a large part of several broadcasts.
Extensive exchange with Denmark is provided by a new trade agreement.
Sweden is painfully short of coke and coal. Fishing must be government
subsidized to provide enough food for next winter. Crops are doing
better since the rains. Experiments with Russian dandelions to ease
the rubber shortage are under way. House and apartment building is at
double last year's rate.
The most dangerous threat to Sweden's neutrality now arises from
shipping losses. From the beginning of the war to July 1, 1942, a total
of 151 Swedish merchant ships of 361,000 registered tons has been lost.
Of two recent torpedoings (nationality of submarine unidentified) the
newspaper of the leading party (Social Democratic) writes, "If it
should prove to be a warship of the same nationality which twice in a
vow has violated Sweden's rights, then this cannot be regarded as any-
thing lees than an unfriendly action toward us." In careful maintenance
of neutrality, the broadcaster refers to "The Russian U-boat attack" and
"The German battering of fishing boats in the Skaggerak" as both arousing
resentment. Again,"Indignation is just as strong concerning Russian
attacks as it is concerning the German air attack on the West Coast."
Violation of Swedish sovereignty by "regular" German flights over Swedish
territory is denounced.
1
|
i
|
t
i
i
OFFICIAL BROADCASTS FROM SWITZERLAND
TO NORTH & SOUTH AMERICA
: (June 28 - July 7)
Swiss shortwave broadcasts for the first time in the seven months they
have been monitored explicitly discuss Allied wealmess. Real apprehension
as a result of Rommel's African successes. is expressed in Spanish to
Latin America. On June 30, it is said for instance, "The victorious
campaign of...Rommel...has crushed the hopes maintained by many that
the war would end soon." On July 7, in English to North America,
Berne says, "The latest news from Soviet sources is extremely
pessimistic."
This does not mean that the Swiss have followed the counsels of
expediency and renounced their United Nations sympathies. On the
contrary, to Latin America, they say:"To explain to the public that
the present is only a preparation period is the work of a democratic
man. In the immediate future, we will find out that the most difficult
problems can be decided in a democratic way. We can not doubt the
political maturity of the English people."
7
OFFICIAL SPANISH BROADCASTS ~65-
(duly 3 9)
‘alladolid radio voices this week Spanish aspirations to the control of
tern Mediterranean and of the Atlantic approaches to the Eastorn
isphere, This outspoken claim for the control of part of Mussolini's
re Nostrum" suggests that perhaps an accord has been reached between
ish foreign minister Serrano Suner and the Italian promier during
former's stay in Italy as to the delimitation of the respective
es of influence, This accord, if concluded, obviously contemplates
complete exclusion of tho British from the Mediterranean, "The
rel door betwoen ‘the Mediterrancan and the Atlantic belongs to Spain
nobody can pass through it without her consent," claims Valladolid,
rerring in no uncertain terms that Spain expects the British to be out
Jibraltar in the near future, Valladolid claims that ina world ruled
» stretogicel reasons" Spain must take advantage of her geographical
tion which makes of the peninsula "practically an island," end,
ding a strong fleot, must gain control of communications to the
syn Mediterrancan and to Northern Europe. "The Balearic Islands"
aros the Svanish station, “eontrol communications to the Middle
end Galician and Cantobrian coasts cominate communications with
h Burope, Bosides tho Canary Islands can control Atlantic navigation
s ond may be a first rate base for suomarine operations. Spain
her faco to tho sea longing for her Empire."
Li
u
t!
HORE LEGIONNAIRES COME HOME
The return of still another contingent of Bluc Division Legionnaires
the Russian front is announced this woek by Spanish radio stations,
ro troops moving in tho wrong direction (no replacements are mentioned)
time when the Gorman high command must need all the available mon
to carry on the much horeldod summer offensive? A German broadcast
a pain surmises that the returned Legionnaires will soon havo to fight
tn their part of the front," Whother this expression means homo front
2 ectual military front is not clear from the context of the broad.
ts. It may well be thet the Frenco government at this time noods
young, extremist cloments to cope with the manifest apathy of the
‘yy mnd worn out Spanish people toward the ambitious imperialistic
v
m of the Falange.
SOMNON VICTORIES?
Rome broadcasts report thet the Spanish radio and press acclaim
ontmusiaem tho nows of Axis victorics in North Africa and in Russia,
* Spanish brondcasts recorded tond to confirm this statement. They are
i *ect more outspoken and enthusiastic than the same Itelian broadcasts
” Penorting the success of Rommel's drive towards Aloxandria, Malaga,
ae instance, declaros that British resistance in Egypt has "been
*“irely brolon,!
BROADCASTS FROM LATIN AMERICA ~ 56-
(duly 3-9)
ALOEHTINA UNDER CASTILLO
segtiilo's Socech:. (1). "We do not want to participate in a cortflict %
which reason does not justify." (2) "We respect our Fatherland and resist
the efforts to disrupt its line of conduct which appear in the ambitious
tectics of professional agitators." (3) "The war-mongers are free to go
to the real fighting fronts." (4) "In speaking for the first time as *
president of the Nation, I begin by declaring that I will not tolerate
attempts on the part of anyone to get ahead of the government to hasten
its action."
President Castillo's speech was delivered at an Army-Navy banquet
and broadcast over the Argentine Radio Chain. The four assertions quoted
aro the most interesting features of the speech. Taken out of context
they cverermhasize (as did soue of the press reports) the force and defi-
nition cf the President's speech. They suggest a harsh, heedless clarity
which is quite unlike the public utterances of the present Argentine
regime. Actually, in the speech these points are carefully folded in
protestations of continontal solidarity, national honor and love of
peace. (It is an interesting point in itself that continental solidarity
has von a place among those virtues so sacred that they mst be applauded
as they arc violated.) However, in or out of context, the statements
quoted are important signposts for Argentina's future.
Civil Liberties: That such internal "emergency measures" as
Cestillo may teko will perhaps offer more danger to domocratic elements
than to Nazi agents is suggested by cortain items in Argentine broad-,
casts this week. Most important was the story broadcast last Friday
reporting the resignation of Demonte Taborda, Argentina's most vigorous
Nazi-investigator, from the national committee charged with investigating
subversive activities. The resignation was in protest, against the
recent appointment to the committee of a senator noted for reactionary
political beliefs and widely believed to be anti-Semitic. This is not
tho first evidence that the Argentine search for "subversive elements"
could casily lose its direction.
suspension of civil rights. Radio Belgrano reports this week that the
strike of metallurgical workers was declared illegal and that the al
workers were forbidden to hold any meeting unless it be for the purpose i
of deciding to go back to work! i
The Argentine "state of siege" apparently permits rather extensive |
j
Popular Opinion: An almost unique expression of the state of i
epinion in an important sector of the Argentine public reached the i
i
short-wave lanes this week, but not from Argentina. The secretary-
Benoral of the Argentine Labor Federation asserted that all of the
-5I+
argentine labor bloc is against the Axis. The speaker was addressing the
Mexican Federation of Labor, and was quoted; by Radio XEQQ, Mexico.
On the Argentine radio, chief evidence of that state of popular
opinion (which seems to be quieting rapidly) is still to be found in the
prief news-reports of mass-protest meetings and the like. Voluntary or
involuntary cooperation with a regime that keeps 4 fairly tight Lid on
public opinion prevents the radio from becoming a medium for democratic
oxpression of opinion, but as usual in such cases, the loose ends of
reality stick out.
RADIO HUCKE = *
Readers of the Daily Report and these Wookly. Analyses should by now
be thoroughly familiar with the pro-Nazi bias of Radio Hucke (Santiago,
Chile). The bias manifests itself in reports of war news with en un-
mistakable Nazi slant, and in commontaries carrying familiar Nazi propa-
genda themes in safely diluted form. The station at one time used Trans-
Ocean (German news servico) material. It may still do so, without acknow-
ledging the source. No Gorman news source is ever credited in the
broadcasts, but that the station has access to such a source seems clear
from internal evidence. (0.8., this week one-nows item began with the
revealing words: "Woe have a cable from Berlin.) In view of the fact
that Berlin is currently running a series of weekly talks on the
activities of Anglo-American oil interests in Latin America, it is of
particular interest that Radio Hucke this week interprets Chile's
oil shortage as due to the scandalous machinations of international
capitalism, in words and arguments strongly reminiscent of Berlin.
. 3 ™,
. COMMENTS ON WEEKLY ANALYSIS #32 - (FEMB-175)
|
1. SPECIAL
a. The three strong fectures of the Sreciu] Report are well-stated
in the second »aregruph. If each hud been given about one
pago of developmont the report sould have, beon better than the
eleven DAO y overly technicdl, overly ropotitious treatise.
i b. Tho separate treatment of Berlin Radio and Radio Rome mokes
i the Special Report seem complicated, involved snd detailed.
Stetion distinctions will not ordinarily interest our readers.
The velue of un integrated report should be the submergence °
‘of those technical fectors to the broad mormningful conclusions.
c. The discussion (on page 10 of the Special Report) of ratio of
Russic: Egypt seems to repeat the metorial of Charts I-III.
Avon't we saying the same thing too many times end giving an
impression ‘of being ropetitious?
d. We do not imow enough about Germen lnnguege vs inglish languege
progrems (Ita,ien vs English likewise) to North America, to
make the point convincing in our Special Report. A special
study—-perhsps only for our on future reference-~seoms noeded.
Does the native languege program strongly resemble domestic
progrems? The Jepenese study, page 25, suggosts thet this is
true in some extogorieb only.
i
\
| e. Using hindsight, I think we mey have failed to bring out oe
i elearly as we should huve, the probable power of the German
| : offensive in Russie. We spoke, for example, of "taking refuge"
! in Russian successes as though it were merely e hendy escape
| L for propagundicts. , ae oe ‘
i f£. Tho conclusion of tho Speciel Report is disappointing becense it
relates morely the good fortune of Axis propegandists in ‘a
recent specific instences; it does not stress the contribution of
1 principles for prediction and future enalysis., Implicstions are
H : left too largely to the rendor.
.
2. NUGGETS |
Host important findings of tho week:
i 3
| ‘ a. Germen commmidues vs Gorman radio. .
i b. Japan's GitA vs Funk's N.O.E. . :
c. The liurnensk convoy end its alleged significanec.
d. Insult propagende. and Italian velor.
e. Spein'y aspiration to Western Wediterranern.
f. Laval's optimistic collcbor:tion vs Petain's defoatisin.
' g- Beginning of ppda of promises to Berlin's potenticl Cuislings in
H Americe..
{ H . * yet ae
: : h. Apponls from Japan to Chinc. Fides Bit
H
|
Oana rti
pose “" "4, Laval's wave of ppda’ for migration « National KES. Needing fil
2 rue arms eaze
2. NUGGETS (CONT'D)
j- Civil liberties under Cxrstillo.
k. Sovict budging on Baltic territory.
1. BBC admission thet Generel Grant's vere inadequate. .
m. Japenose difficultics in occuping Asia, (This would be stall
better if we could get gomo index of vise or fll.) *
3. TABLES VE TEAT
&. In connoction with the thence German culturo (Germany to iJ.A.)
should there not heve beon 2 lino in the teblo showing such
roferenges this week and lest?
b. Roferonces to "Luropenn culture! on German bear to Letin L:wrier.
aru doubled in the table but not macntioned in the discussion.
c. Both "Attacks on U.S." and "Menace of U.S. to L.A." in thot
Gezman teble aro zero, but tho text roads "This week he dozls
with 2 fuvorite theme: the alleged offorts of the United ftates
to warp Brazilian opinion.
a. Aecording to the tsble (Itely to L. A.) roferonees to Libys
are up from 46 to Tm but the text begins "Brondeste...contein
velicively infroquent references to.. North Africe."” The
flguecs sre the more remerkublo because ovory other onalysis
reports a decline in sttention to Libya. Is Italy to L.A.
e week behind other transmittors?
e. Im't it curious that threo of tae major themes discussed in the
report of Itelicn broudersts to L. A. ave (1) British-Americen
underestimation of Italian valor; (2) Patterson on Anglo-Saxon
war aims; (3) Ameriesn independence dey--ahile the table shows
attacks on U.S. propaganda off from 6% to 14; and British down
from 14% to 5%.
e. “hy no mention in the Jopan to N.4. report of the biggost chengo
in the teblo--2 four-fold incrense in attacks on British
imiorslity? ‘
Cen't we integrete tables and text more closely?: Does this call for
some revision of writing procedure?
4. RIBBONS FOR uRITING
a. The beginning ‘of the Soviet roport.
b. "Berlin Rings tho Bell"
c. "virtues so sacred they mst be applauded es they ure violxted"
5. The reference to Chicago Tribuno editorinl, page 6, may be helpful in
keeping governacnt attention on sources which furnish Axis propagenda.
with the collapse of our genernl filing project, individual sections
TATT hewn ha bees their om reennds on sneh soante
ERE eR RES a heal ss a
f
f
10.
il.
12.
13.
“ora © -
-3-
The discussion of Germen Domestic should huve esrried u footnote indicating
why the dates Co not correspond with other dutes in the Veexly. The
morale discussion should :lso have been "dated" gs before either the
Egyptian or Russian offonsive had brought new hope.
There might be a good counter-prop memo in Japan's Geopolitik without
speco for Germany, und with specific unfavorable reference to the Now
Order in Lurope. Another for some purts. of Asia--in Japen's message
to Islam. a
The French chert (pnge $1) beautifully confirms the "wave" theory which
we criticized lest woes us on too limited data.
The charts on page 25 show groephically the Japanese promgands principle
that solf-pr-ise is for hone consumption und snomy-ottecks »rimerily
for cneny ears. Is this a sound premise? Do othor stations follow it?
& table like thrt on page 34 designed to give oceasion:1 ¢ietures of the
Japenese line to China might well, I vould think, heve been stated as
themes-end slogans rather than cs extegory headings.
The eesuelty cxmouncomonts (page 4) ere well enalyzed, showing:
(1) why they were mace at thet time; (2) significant omissions;
(3) incredible exuggerition 2nd mininiuation.
Our nrevious suggestion thet the cutegory "other" is not sufficiently
descriptive when the item is notable for size or chenge, is comaonded to
the Italian section. U.S. "Other" doubles—-but what is up is not hinted
at in tho table.
Doos “intentions vis-a-vis the Gorman »eople" say nore than "intentions
toward the Germen people?"
u.
, 15.
The "corrected" stands out on page 25 to reise e question it doesn't
answer. Why and how corrected?
PROCESSING
a. This was a berrior week for living up to schodule. All but to reports
were in before'11:30 and ali but two (not the seme two) were tailored
to propor length. The Veokly was srocersed by 8:30 ?.I. and sent out
at 3:45 Saturdey morning.
bd. Present proofing seems to be working well. Only crrors noticed vore
on page 20 (table) and page 46.
c. Note on processing: 4 table should not be split on two pages (p.51-52).
2
Cen we have five colums, this week, for most tables, us follows?
THIS WERK PREVIOUS
English lang. “X-leng.|Both lang.| Weok ionth
.
4
singe
RPEPRONITEN AT THE MATIONA!
en eee
Pa
#
‘. DECLASSF. mp pt
» TED PER EXECUTIVE ORBER 12356, Section 3.3, // 0" ¢ 4% “o>
C By Kae @ NARA, Date Y2EAS ra
Kovember 13, 1943
MEMORANDUM 70 BR, SPEIER:
SUBJECT: Special Report No. 101
fhis is en extraordinarily good job of analysis. Among
your major contributions I would note:
C (a) contrast between listener and analyst
(b) fregnentation - (I would have omitted the appendix which,
for me, raises more doubts than it allways.)
dc) minimal discussion of present fighting
(4) the persistent unseen antagonist: defeatism
(e) Hitler's prospective rejection of the people; his ou
i fanaticism undefeated
| (f£) power politics no ideology
I would have been teupted toward more psychological analysis
of Hitler's self-image, but you were probably wise in not
pressing this too far.
The derogatory characterization of Hitler's religion I would
have omitted. The suggestion that he may be dissatisfied with
the morale of front. soldiers is not convincing. The *pebuild-
Germany-only" theme seems to me pressed too far when it is
{ made a covert renunciation of the New Order in Europe. I would
j have thought it meant and taken only as a poke at globaloney.
| fhe tabulation (p.10) of reasons why home front must hold out
i © suffers because after "scientific terror" the rest is anti-
| climax.
| I am sorry this important report did not have the benefit of
{ ' editing. You know how strongly I have tried to get accepted a
policy of editing before publication. Perhaps a listing of some
of the phrases which I suspect would have been corrected or
improved will reinforce this point.
Pp.
Pp.
Pp.
Pp.
Pp.
Pp.
Ps
Pp.
1.
2.
3.
%
10.
"The epeech did not contain .... and no..."
"overall" instead of "over-all"
"Also he declared® ve "He also declared"
"It is (most) likely that"
“Loewenbraeu"
"the response he (may have) wanted."
Providence is capitalized
"extraordinary heavy"
omission of % sign
“in retrospect" not "in retrospective"
"lack of a .... frggmentation"
"retrospect*
(76 word drop) after the item, rather than list respectively
"relatively twice as much" instead of "twice as much relative
to the different length."
"lose his nerve" not "nerves"
Providence
"Nor did he (bother to) repeat®
"Hitler s boast (which he) repeated from last year"
"enemy been thrust back"
"German people have (not had) ever had to carry out"
“(It 1 not without interest to observe that) Hitler called"
“stoply said” or “said eimply*®
"Probably an appeal" or “probably less provocative"
(past) crises" or “crises occurred in the past and*
"the Italian case .., become the main case
What sign of "irritation"? Right word?
Better not begin paragraph wifh "But"
"to increase (the) awareness on the part of"
Ts "confronted" the right word? Wot "confrontation" anyhow.
"no intention to dominate" or "did not intend to" dominate,
but not "no intentions to dominate"
"moderate" vindictiveness?
"with regard to Russia" or "about"
Second sentence too long ~ (60 words)
"and (4)" not *(4) and”
than "references on"
il. Meatarengeecdot the} oeertous qudetions which (the people
rd
.
DECLASSFIED PER EXECUTIVE ORDER 12356, Section 3.3, Y LO e ia
BY AVE NARA, Date ha SLE
-~3-
“the way of dealing with the speech" etc, should
not end a sentence ‘
“gloate" 1s inappropriate word
*requoted (to the effect that)"
"that by making wany sacrifices” (no subject)
Don't you think that the chance to eliminate some
forty dissonances and cireumlocutions would have been
worth the extra hour or two of delay?
My point is not that this was badly written - as
analysts write, it was unusually well written. My point is
that unless our copy is edited it does not come up to a
satisfactory standard for publication.
GOODWIN WATSON
