i
\\-\ ·-~'c:L ,'
SENATE HEETING
/
/
/
/
/
/!
/
.~~~~~-+~~~~~2----------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~------
f
f
/
,/
/
/)
I
1:
I
I
/
/:
I
,!''
.;
/
/.
.---··
/
----
/
/
/
--------·-·--·~------------·
.
SENATE HEETING
A T T E N D
N C E
(
./
/
/
/
/
/
.~.v·
/
I
_./
/'
/
I
~~
·'
I~
/~
/'
c; I
/'j
;I
·------1.----- ---------·-·--"'~----------·
UNIVERSITY SENATE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
1400 Washington Avenue
Albany, New York 12222
UNIVERSITY SENATE
Monday, November 1, 1.982
3:30 p.m. -
Campus Center Ballroom
A G E N D A
1.
Approval of Minutes
2.
Council Reports
3.
Old Business:
3.1 Bill No. 8283-03 -Proposed Certificate Program in
Regulatory Economics -
(GAC)
UNIVERSITY SENATE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
1400 Washington Avenue
Albany, New York 12222
UNIVERSI1Y SENATE
MINUTES
Noverriber 1, 1982
ABSEN1':
R. Alba, A. Baaklini, H. Bakhru, J. Berman, F. Dembowski,
H. Desfosses, R. Golubow, A. Gray, J. Hamner, R. Hardt, S. Kastell,
R. Klages, J. Levato, A. Loesch, V. O'Leary, F. Pogue, G. Purrington,
J. Ramaley, W. Simmons, D. Snow, J. Woelfel
The meeting was called to order at 3:35 p.m. in the Campus Center Ballroom
by the Chair, Peter Krosby.
1. APProval of Minutes
The minutes of October 4, 1982 were approved with the following amendments:
Under 4.4:
The Library Council reviewed the "Chancellor's Award for
Excellence in Librarianship." in place of "Excellence in
Librarianship."
Under 4.7:
1be Student Affairs Council had begun discussion on a bill
"on holds on student records from last spring and tabled it
until their next meeting."
2.
Council Reports
2.1 EPC -No additions to written report.
2.2 UAC - The Council has discussed Bill No. 8182-31 Final Examination
Policy which had been referred back to them by the Executive
Committee.
It was then referred to the Academic Standing Committee.
2.3 GAG - No additions to written report.
2.Lf SAC - P. Rogers had copies of the minutes of the previous SAC meeting
available.
2.5 Research - No additions to written report.
2.6 UCC - No additions to written report.
2.7 CAFE- This council had nothing to report.
2.8 CBCA - This council had nothing to report.
2. 9 Library - No additions to written report.
University Senate Minutes
November 1, 1982
Page 2
3. Old Business:
3.1 The Chair reported that the President approved all the bills which the
Senate forwarded to him this semester with the exception of Bill No.
8283-03 which was referred to GAC.
3.2 Bill No. 8283-03 - Proposed Certificate Program in Regulatory
Economics - Senator Carlson drew attention to Page 2 of the Program
Abstract noting that Item 6, Evidence of campus suBpart, should end
with "its Dean, and the Graduate Academic Council.
S. Kim moved
approval of the bill. It was seconded and carried.
4.
New Business:
4.1 Council Appointments - It was moved, seconded, and approved that the
following students be added to respective councils:
EPC - Sharon Long, Undergraduate.
Research - Barbara Duffee, Graduate; Arthur Eisenberg, Graduate; and
Gail Rossettie, Graduate.
4.2 Bill No. 8283-07 - Credit Standards for Certificate Programs -
Senator Kim explained that there were two conflicting statements
before the Senate and asked that they ignore the memo from S. Kim to
the Chair.
S. Kim reported that after Senator Cannon's recon:mendation
regarding credit standards for certificate programs at the previous
Executive Comnittee Meeting, GAC then took up the matter. The Council
then decided to withdraw the first resolution (memo to the Chair), and
presented a new resolution (memo to the Senate).
A dicussion ensued.
W. Harrmond moved adoption of the guidelines for certificates (items 1
and 2 of the memo to the Senate). Discussion followed.
Vice
President Hehman then proposed an amendment to the resolution on
certificates in Item #2 to read as follows: "Certificate in (Program
Title)--A post-baccalaureate program of organized study intrinsic to
the academic mission of the University requiring between 12 and 47
graduate credits." There was further dicussion. The proposed
amendment was then moved, seconded, and approved.
S. Kim then moved
that the resolution for Credit Standards for Certificate Programs be
approved.
It was seconded and carried.
4.3 Resolution Regarding Nuclear Disarmament Week, November 8-12, 1982 -
P. Gentile moved that the Resolution on Nuclear Disarmament ·week be
put on the Senate floor with the following amendment:
University Senate Minutes
November l, 1982
Page 3
4.
New Business (Continued)
4.3 (Continued)
Under Be it resolved, that it be changed to read:
That the University Senate endorses the presentation of
educational events and forums offered during Nuclear
Disarmament Week. November 8-12, 1982.
The motion was seconded and carried. Senator Gentile then explained
that there will be various forums and educational events taking place
on campus during the week of November 8-12, 1982.
This resolution
would be the Senate's endorsement for the various issues on nuclear
disarmament and there will be pro and con issues on this during
debates.
Senator Finder felt this conflicted with faculty by-laws on
introducing matters in the classroom which do not pertain to the
course. The Chair then read from Bill No. 197071-01 in response to
M. Finder's objection. P. Gentile then stated that the University was
encouraged to participate in discussions in the classroom but that
this was not part of the resolution. A discussion ensued.
W. Harrmond
read further f'rom Bill No. 197071-01 and asked that the Chair rule
this resolution out of order. The chair stated that he would not rule
this out of order in accordance with the amendment presented by
P. Gentile with the resolution. There was further discussion.
R. Gibson then moved the previous question. It was seconded and
carried. The resolution was then voted on and there was a Division of
the House.
A band count was taken and the motion carried 36 to 16.
The meeting was adjourned at 4:35 p.m.
Respectfully Subnitted,
~A.l:~.\ -~~d:=~k~
Crysta~ J. Hut~ins
Recorder
REPORTS TO THE SENATE
NOVEMBER 1, 1982
COUNCIL ON EDUCA'I'IONAL POLICY
FROM:
William Hammond, Chair
Council on Educational Policy
FOR INFORMA'riON:
A letter of intent is now before the Council.
STUDENT AFFAIRS COUNCIL
FROM:
Pat Rogers, Chair
Student Affairs Council
FOR INFORMATION:
The council has met and will be meeting every three weeks.· There are
five sub-committees operating:
Student Conduct, Residence, Financial Aids,
Health, · ptudent Government and Organizations, and an ad hoc committee on
Concerns of Special Students which is being coordinated by Richard Collier~
\
Reports to the Senate (Continued)
November 1, 1982
Page 2
GRADUATE ACADEMIC COUNCIL
TO:
Peter Krosby, Chair of University Senate
FROM:
Sung Bok Kim, Chair of GAC
DATE:
September 21, 1982
SUByECT:
Report on GAC actions
FOR INFORMATION
The Council met on September 16 and took the following actions:
1.
The Council approved the advancement of forty-one students to the status
of "Doctoral Candidate."
2.
Having discussed at length for various guidelines for certificate programs
on campus, the Council resolved to refer this matter to its committee
on Educational Policy and Procedures for further discussion.
The ccimm:i!-ttee
was requested to draw up well defined and clear guidelines for these
programs.
*************
TO:
Peter Krosby, Chair of University Senate
FROM:
Sung Bok Kim, Chair of GAC
DATE:
October 4, 1982
SUBJEC'r:
Report on GAC actions
FOR INFORMATION
The GAC met on September 30 and took the following actions:
1.
The Council endorsed a "Letter of Intent" for M.S. and Ph.D. programs
in Epidemiology and Biometrics.
2.
The Council approved the Chair's recommendation regarding the membership
for the Committee on Graduate Teaching Awards.
Professor Eugene Garber
was appointed by the Council to serve as the committee chair.
3.
The Council dealt with a couple of student petitions.
4.
The Council resolved to grant the School of Education a grace period
(until December 15th) to develop its dissertation committee guidelines in
compliance with the new university guidelines.
"''
' "''
(
(_
Reports to the Senate (Continued)
November 1, 1982
Page 3
5.
The Council resolved to revise the university policy on "Residence
Study and Transfer Credit" for master's programs as follows:
The Old Residence Study and Transfer Credit Policy and Its Problems
Of the minimum number of credits required for a master's degree,
(1) at least 24 credits of in-residence graduate study must be completed
at this University in each 30 credit master's program (25 credits in the
M.A. program in public affairs); and (2) at least 30 credits in residence
must be completed at this Universi·ty in each master's program which
requires more than 30 credits (M.B.A., two-year M.S. program in accounting,
M.L.S., M.S.W., M.S. in rehabilitation counseling).
Residen·t courses are
those given by the University in regular sessions, in iate afternoon,
evening and Saturday programs.
Under certain conditions, and with the approval of the dean of the
school or college concerned, credit not to exceed 6 credits may be
accepted and applied to a 30 credit program for resident graduate work
completed at another institution.
Six credits of such work may be applied
to the M.P.A. program, and the program for the M.L.S. up to 30 credits of
such work may be applied to the 60-credit programs for the M.B.A., the
two-year M.S. program in accounting, or the M.S.W.
Courses presented
must be graduate courses, applicable to a graduate degree at the institu-
tion offering them, and completed with a grade of (B) or better at an
accredited institution authorized to grant graduate degrees.
The University has several graduate programs that will require between
36 and 48 graduate credits: the M.A. in Political Science, and the Master
of Library Science, the Master of Public Administration, the Master of
Regional Planning, and the proposed M.S. programs in Public Health Sciences.
Although requiring substantially more that the 30 credits for a conventional
master's degree, these programs are permitted to accept only 6 graduate
credits i.n transfer credit, well under the 50% transfer credit allowance
for such degrees as the M.B.A. and M.S.W.
In order to secure equity in the area of residence study and transfer
credit for all of SUNY/Albany's master's programs, the Graduate Academic
Council has established a new policy:
The New Residence Study Policy
Of the minimum nmnber of credits required for a master's degree,
(1) at least 24 credits of residence graduate study must be completed at
this University in each 30-48 credit master's program; and (2) at least
50% of the program's total credits must be completed in residence study
at this University in each master's program which requires more than 48
graduate credits.
Resident courses are those given by the University
in regular sessions, in summer sessions, and in late afternoon, evening,
and Saturday programs.
Reports to the Senate (Continued)
November 1, 1982
Page 4
5.
(Continued)
The New Transfer Credit Policy
Under certain conditions, and with the approval of the dean of the
school or college concerned, credit not to exceed 6 credits for graduate
work completed at another institution may be accepted and applied to a
30 credit program; and between 7 and 24 credits for graduate work completed
at another institution may be accepted and applied to master's programs
requiring between 31 and 48 credits (with the proviso above that at least
24 of the required 31-48 credits be completed in residence study at the
University.
For those graduate·programs requiring between 50-60 credits,
up to 50% of a program's total credit requirements may be satisfied by the
application of appropriate transfer credit.
Courses presented for transfer
study must be graduate courses, applicable to a graduate degree at the
institution offering them, and completed with a grade of B or better at an
accredited institution authorized to grant graduate degrees,.
6.
The Council approved:
a) a revision in the research tool req~irement for the M.S. and Ph.D.
programs in Atmospheric Science that a "proven ability" in computer
programming means proficiency in Fortran;
\ •.
('
b) revisions in the Ed.D. program in Educational Administration to require:
(
a pre-core segment of E Adm 600 Fundamentals of Educational Administra-
tion I, E Adm 601 Fundamentals of Educational Administration I~ and
an intermediate course in statistics; a core segment of E Adm 700
Introduction to Advanced Study in Educational Administration and Policy
Studies (EA&PS) , E Adm 71,0 Organizational and Institutional Analysis
in EA&PS, E Adm 711 Environmental/Community in EA&PS, E Adm 715 Research
Practicum in EA&PS; 12-18 credits in a supporting concentration; and a
doctoral comprehensive examination covering Organizational Theory,
Management Procedures, External Context of Educational Organization,
and the Concentration Area;
c) a revision in the M.A. and Ph.D. Programs in Sociology to include an
ancillary duties requirement:
"In addition to the completion of course requirements, satisfactory
performance in some ancillary teaching, research or practicum duties
contributing to the academic development of the graduate student is
required."
(
Reports to the Senate (Continued)
November 1, 1982
Page 5
COUNCIL ON RESEARCH
FROM:
Thomas Dandridge, Chair
Council on Research
FOR INFORMATION:
Change in Status of the Committee on industrial Linkages - 'rhe members
of the Council on Research tmanimously agreed that the initiatives
undertaken by the Committee on Industrial Linkages last. year should
continue in this and future years.
There is no doubt that our
institution, like many others, will continue to build, develop
and sustain collaboration with industrial-·based research scientists
and the industries they represent.
Whereas, the Committee on
Industrial Linkages has provided leadership in this area, the Council
has approved that the Committee be appointed as a standing committee
of the Council in order that they continue their important work in
the years to come.
UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY COUNCIL
FROM:
Richard Tastor, Chair
University Community Council
FOR INFORMATION:
The Council has met and is looking into the following issues:
1.
University Policy on Smoking
2.
University's Exterior Poster Policy
3.
The campus bus system
Reports to the Senate (Continued)
NovembeE 1, 1982
Page 6
FROM:
Hassarain Bakhru, Chair
Library Council
FOR INFORMATION:
LIBRARY COUNCIL
The Council met on October 1 and planned to continue meeting each month.
Some issues that the Council will be dealing with this year are:
1.
increased fines for overdue books
2.
charges for duplicating for departments
3.
automation and circul~tion
4.
staffing and space
5.
excellence in librarianship
(
(
(
C.
Bill No. 8283-03
·uNIVERSITY SENATE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
PROPOSED CERTIFICATE PROGRAM IN REGULATORY ECONOMICS
Submitted by:
Graduate Academic Council
August 30, 1982
IT IS HEREBY PROPOSED THAT:
I.
A Certificate Program in Regulatory Economics with
the attached requirement$ be approved and become
effective immediately upon registration by the
State Education Department.
II;
That this bill be referred to the President
for his approval.
AT'rACHMENT
.L
1.
State University of New York at Albany
College of Social a~d Behavioral Sciences
Department of Economics
Proposed Certificate Progra:n in Regulatory Economics
Al~'ard and title.
of a certificate
Proaram ~~stract
The progra~ is. designed to lead to the award
in· Regulatc~y Economics.
2.
Rationale.
Regulatory econo~ics is one of the traditional fields
in economics:
recently it has been the focus of attention.
Reg-
ulatory economics includes both the health effects from certain
occupations and the effect o= inflation on electricity prices as
part of its field of study.
Many of these regulations are ad-
ministered by state governne~t, e.g. gas and electricity prices,
telephone prices, cable-T.V.
(
This 6ourse of study will provide needed training for professionals (
(especially attorneys, engineers, and accountants) employed by
the New York State Public Se~vice Commission and other agencies
(e.g., the Office of Energy, Department of Environmental Conser-
vation) .
The courses initiated by the program will serve also
as an additional specializa tic:1 av'ailable to students in the
Economics M.A. program;
M.~. stud~hts specializing in other fields
of Economics will have the opportunity to broaden their exper-
tise (and improve their emplo1:r:uent prospects) by qualifying for
the Certificat~ as well as the M.A.
d~gree.
The same opportunity
holds, of course, for other gradu~te students
(e.g~, those in
Public Administration and the School of Business).
Finally, em-
ployed professionals participating in the program will have made
a step which may encourage some to ~eepen skills by further work
toward a graduate degree.
3.
Relationship of program to other SUNYA programs and campus mission.
The program is unique as to t~e subject matter but, as already
indicated, nicely co~plements existing Economics and other grad-
uate programs.
As to the ca~FUS mission, the program shapes up
as a model of SUNY A cooper a ticn l·li th state agencies to support
agency functions, improve tte SC~YA curriculum, and establish
a basis for further useful collaboration.
The Certificate Pro-
gram's subject matter is in t~ne with SUNYA's public policy
thrust.
f
' '
4 .
-2-
Description of program and requirements.
The program requires
four courses:
Eco 500
Microeconomic Analysis
A separate section of this course, a requirement for the M.A.
in Economics, would draw its examples from a specific regulatory
situations.
This slant is important, in laying the foundation
for the next two courses.
Eco 570
Economics of Regulation and Anti-Trust
This course continues to develop microeconomic analytical tools,
~ut introduces the institutional frameworks within which practical
issues in regulation must be handled.
Much of the material in
Alfred Kahn's classic Eco~omics of Regulation will be covered.
Eco 580
Special Topics in Regulatory Economics
This course more explicitly integrates the basic tools of economic
analysis with institutional frameworks of regulation through a
case-study approach.
The course will be conducted on a seminar
(workshop) basis-- i.e., each student will be expected to
analyze a current problem in regulatory economics and to present
a paper and lead a discussion.
Eco 520
Economic Statistics
This required course in the Economics M.A. program rounds out the
Certificat~ curriculum.
It is an introduction to empirical analysis
in economics.
5.
Resources required for the program.
The NYS Office of the Budget
has ruled that the program can be funded by placing tuition fees
in an IFR account.
The proceeds will be used mainly to pay ad-
junct professors and student assistantships. (Those qualified to
teach the first three courses listed can now be found on the staffs
of the Public Service Commission and the Office of.Energy.)
The
Department of Economics will provide space in Eco 520 for Certi-
ficate enrollees.
No other resources are required to offer this
program.
6.
Evidence of campus support.
The Department of Economics formally
endorsed the program on March 31, 1982.
It has also been reviewed
and approved by the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, its
Dean, and the Graduate Academic Council.
7.
Imnact of the program on region and state.
Public utility rates
and rate structures are receiving increasing attention in ~his
state.
Professionals in the Public Service Commission and re-
lated agencies require a firm grounding in economic analysis if
they are to perform properly in the intensified policy debates.
8.
Vitae of appropriate faculty.to teach the program's required four
courses are attached.
TO:
FROt~:
DATE:
M E M 0 R A N D U M
Peter Krosby
1
Sung Bok Kim
/,J~~<--''f
Octob.er 15, 1982
··.,
t)
r?')_,)/
:/'-' "')
SUBJECT:
GAC Actiohs
··~,
j r
1.
After careful considerat,lbn and in 1 ight of SED regulations
and other established pract~&~s in the SUNY system, the
Graduate Academic Council
decl'in~s to submit a new label for
organized graduate study.
'
2.
The Graduate Academic Counci 1 has det;~~LQed that it is not
necessary to define additional categories 1or graduate pro-
grams and reaffirms its support for the
11Certificate in
Regulatory Economics.
11
">~:p<;- . \. {)-
~~ ~~
~"
-
.~\'-
~\)~
.~./
~y
-r
' '
' .
State Universiiy of New York at ~lbany
Office of Graduat Studies
:
>'
Exa~ples of graduate, post-~achelor•s degree certificate (other
than Certificate· of Advanced Study} programs at other.New York universities;
SUt~Y /Binghamton
Cer-tificate in lnterdepartment Publishing-- 4 cou"rse.s;
Certific:::te in Southl'lest Asian and North Afrlcari.st'Ddi·~
...
.
l1 cOlJrses;
Certificate in Latin American ~nd Caribbean Studies-- 4 cour~e~;
Certificate in Lessac System-- 8 courses;
·.
Certificate in Translation -- 8 cou~~es; and
· .•.
Certificate in Medieval Studfes -- 9 coyrses.
New York Un i vers it;' ...
· ..
Certificate in Ergonomics and Biomechanics-- 7 cou~ses.
\\
oP
Research and Educational Development
State University of New York at Albany
M E M 0 R A N D U M
TO:
Senate
FROM:
Sung Bok Kim
Chair, Graduate Academic Council
DATE:
October 28, 1982
SUBJECT:
Credit Standards ~-d--+-i-t-1-e.s, for Certificate Programs
In 1982, the Graduate Academic Council has reviewed and approved two
proposed certificate programs:
one in Public History for 48 credits, the
second in Regulatory Economics for 12 credits.
We believe that certificate programs will become increasingly important
to graduate education development at Albany.
The earl lest certificate pro-
grams were developed to qualify individuals for certification areas in
education that could not be met by holding only a master's degree.
Now,
certificate programs are being sought in a broad range of fields, fall lng
outside of 1 !censure or·certification requirements.
Certificate programs
flourish in both private and public universities.
For example, New York
University has 7 certificate programs in the area of business alone;
St. John's University has 14 certificate programs; and SUNY/Binghamton
has 7 certificate programs.
They are attractive to students who wish to
improve skills and increase knowledge so as to be more competitive in the
marketplace or to enhance promotion in a career field.
Certificate programs
allow the University to respond swiftly to new curricular opportunities and
to external demands by aligning existing resources in pragmatic new programs,
often in conjunction with existing master's degree programs;
Certificate
programs also provide the University with additional graduate students, who
may then go on to complete a complementary degree program.
In order to differentiate between narrowly focused and concentrated
certificate programs, and others of an expanded, substantial examination
that usually incorporates the work of a master's degree, the
Graduate Academic Council proposes the following title classifications and
credit-hour standards:
1.
Certificate of Advanced Study -- A program of study requiring a minimum
of 48 graduate credits, often developed in conjunction with an existing
master 1s degree program and requiring post-master study.
~~~
VIA
15 j
J../'1"
2.
Certificate in (Program Title) --A post-baccalaureate program of
r~~!f km-~-~-~~~ ~~-b~~~e~~!_fi ~~-~~r2_~~~u:~~d~~~ai ~~: :io: o:_t~1: ~n i ve~s~ty .... --
~ ~ .f Administration 2t4, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, 518/457-4634
Student Association
Executive Branch
State University of New York at Albany * Campus Center 116 * 1400 Washington Avenue * Albany, New York 12222
Whereas-
Whereas-
Whereas-
[518] 457-8087
RESOLUTION
Presented by Senators Gentile and Rothmari
President O'Leary has formed a Nuclear Studies
Group for the express purpose of educating the
SUNYA Community on this issue;
~
The week's events will bring together over
14 diversified S.A. organizations in a
coordinated effort concerning nuclear education;
The purpose of the week's events is to educate
the University Community on the issues of
nuclear disarmament;
Be it resolved-
That th~ University Senate endorses the presentation
of educational events and forums offered during
Nuciear Disarl:nam.ent Week,· November 8-12, 1982.
This resolution shall be referred to the President for approval.
'
.
.
'.-4 --
Offlc:ea In: Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo: Fredonia, Long Island, New Paltz, New Yori< City, Niagara Falls, Syracuse, Utica
NEW ~ORk publiC INTEREST RESEARCit GROUp, INC.
SUNY at Albany • Campus Center 382 • Albany, N.Y. 12222 • (518) 475-4623
To: All Professors
From: Jodi DeVido and Carol Ievolla, Disarmament Project
Re: Solutions to the Arms Race
November 11, 1982 is Veterns Day.
The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS)
and .. United Campuses to Prevent Nuclear War (UCAM) are encouraging all universi-
ties to participate in teach-ins arid discussions regarding the Nuclear Arms
Race..
The theme, this year, is "Solutions to the Arms Race."
The New York
Public Interest Research Group, inc. (NYPIRG) is co-sponsoring events with
UCS and UCAM across New York State ,:
We are requesting all professors and administrators to participate in any
way possible.
By checking off one of the boxes below, you, too, can contribute
to making that day a success.
Talking about the Arms race in your classes
will let your students know that the continuation of the human race is as import-
ant to you as it is to them and to future generations.
Even if you do not
teach on Thursdays, we encou~age you to use your lectures on Wednesday or.Friday.
Thank-you for cpoperating with us on this important occasion.
Your support is
greatly appreciated.
We will look forward to hearing from you on or before
November 1, 1982.
--~~~~~~---------------------------------------------------------------~-------------------------
PLEDGE CARDS
L:::? I will devote a class lecture on the Arms race for Thursday, November 11, 1982
I will devote a portion of
November 11, 1982.
a class lecture on the Arms race for Thursday,
I will allow someone to come and speak on the Arms race for a portion of my
class time, either on Thursday, November 11, 1982 or when my class meets that
week.
Please return this pledge card to the NYPIRG office on or before November 1, 1982.
For further information, please feel free to contact us at the above number.
The New York Public Interest Research Group, Inc. (NYPIRG) is a not-for profit, nonpartisan research and advocacy .organization ~stablished,
directed· and supported by New York State college and university students. NYPIRG's staff of lawyers, researc~ers, sctenttsts an~ orgamzers w.orks
with students and other citizens, developing citizenship skills and shaping public policy. Consumer protection, higher educatton, energy, f1scal
rt~sponsibility, political reform and social justice are NYPIRG's principal areas of concem.