INE 1900 INTEMINATIUINAL GUNFEKENGE UF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986. 895
THE ROLE OF THE WOMEN IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Dr.Jose Marfa BUENO Dr.José A. D. MACHUCA
Escuela Tecn.Superior de Facultad Ciencias Econémicas
Ingenieros Industriales y Empresariales
Universidad de Sevilla Universidad de Sevilla
SPAIN SPAIN
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this work is to study the réle
of the women in different levels of business management. The
system under study is composed of:
- business sector, in which women carry out their
activities ~
- educational subsystem, which provides them with
the necessary skills to ascend to different manage-
rial positions
- cultural and socioeconomic conditions of the
country, which influence :
. the motivation of women for this kind of
work
. the entrepreneurial attitude to hiring females
in firms
The characteristics of the system together with
the pursued objective bring us to the choice of System
Dynamics as the most adequate method for our study.
Using as our starting point a causal diagram of the
global system, we have divided it in sectors. These repre-
sent the different aspects above mentioned.
This is a long-term project from which we hope to
obtain partial results to be presented in the 1986 System
Dynamics Conference.
896
THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986.
“women are becoming more conscious
ef their rights. Society as
a whole has begun to respond...
The attitudes of mind of women
as well as men must change
Both are partners in life's
struggle.”
Indira Ghandi, 1984
1.- PRESENTATION AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES.-
The problem of participation of women in the working
world and especially in posts of responsability acquires
international recognition when the U.N. declares the
period 1975-1985 as the "Decade for Women". From this
moment onwards, national and international organisms
and societies become more and more concerned about the
participation of women.
In 1985, the authors of this paper gave a course
about System Dynamics in the U.N.C.P. of Buenos Aires
( Argentina ). During this course, a group of investigators
studying the rdle of the woman in management posts in
Industry in Argentina suggested that we should collaborate
in the methodological aspects by elaborating a System
Dynamics model.
Since then we have been working separately in Argentina
and Spain with the logical difficulties in communication.
The argentine group, composed of psychologists and sociolo-
gists, was created in Buenos Aires during a Meeting about
this subject, sponsored by the Boston Bank Foundation
and the U.N. Organisation for Industrial Development.
The following objectives were established under
common agreement:
1l.- To study both the current situation and the
evolution of the réle oF women in the working
world, with special emphasis on management posts
where the lack of balance is more accentuated.
2.- To examine the causes underlying women’s partici-
pation and its evolution in time.
3.- To create a simulation model of the reality
under Study, specifically of business and educatio-
nal sectors, which are closely linked. Likewise
aspects of background influencing the main variables
(e.g: "social culture", "entrepreneurial culture",
etc.) should be considered.
THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986. 897
18004
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EDUCATIONAL
FIGURE 1 .~ Scheme of the System Under Study
898
THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986.
4,- To forecast the future evolution of women’s
participation in the different business posts
Under various hypotheses:
- continuation of the present conditions
- establishement of alternative conditions
% different from the present ones.
5.- To explore the various actions and _ policies
which could modify the system behaviour in the
desired way.
Unfortunately there emerged increasing difficulty
in communication bringing the research to a standstill.
At this very moment the state of things is reflected
in the following sections.
2.- THE SYSTEM UNDER STUDY.-
According to the established objectives and to the
peculiar characteristics of the system under study, we
consider it opportune to divide it into three basic sectors:
- business
- educational system
- economic,social and cultural backgrounds which
are interrelated as can be observed in figure
1, which we shall comment briefly.
There exists a strong influence of the economic
background on employement ‘in .the business world, as far
as quantity and profesional category are concerned. This
is true independently of the sex of the people who will
get such jobs. As the main purpose of our research consists
in the specific study of the réle of women, it is
necessary to consider another series of factors and rela-
tionships which have a considerable influence on _ the
recruitment and promotion of personnel because of the
sexual differentiation. Among them we can mention principal-
ly:
- the educational system
It is obvious that the greater or lesser number
of female candidates for different jobs will depend
on various factors, for example:
+ the proportion men/women at the different
stages in the Educational System
- the kind of studies followed by each sex
( careers supposedly masculine (e.g. enginee-
ring) and careers supposedly feminine
( @.g. art subjects ))
The mentioned factors will be conditioned by
social and cultural characteristics, which we shall
comment on later. ©
INE 1900 INTERWANUNAL GUNFERENGE UF IME SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986. 899
- social and cultural background
It is evident that the cultural patterns of a
society influence:
. the predisposition of the firm to hire
preferably men for posts which could be
carried out indistinctly by men and women
. women*s job perspectives , which can induce
them to choose studies with few possibilities
in the business world
However these cultural patterns are changing,
even though the process is slow, because:
. firms are employing more and more women
+ women are studying more careers with business
possibilities
To facilitate the model building, every mentioned
sector will be considered as an interrelated subsystem,
although,at the present stage, the background subsystem
will have a strong exogenous character. On the other
hand, and for the above mentioned reasons, men and women
will be treated in a disaggregated manner.
3.- CAUSAL AGGREGATED DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM.-
Before the presentation of the causal diagram of
the system under study,we consider it necessary to describe
more precisely the main aspects of the two principal
subsystems.
3.1.- Business subsystem.
The analysis of the business subsystem will be carried
out under the hypothesis that professional promotion
is based on four fundamental stages:
~ operation
- supervision
- management
- top management
In addition to other general economic factors
(e.g. aggregated demand, G.N.P., etc.), the needs of
personnel at every mentioned stage will depend on the
economic sector wher the firm effects its activity and
its degree of technological development.
In given circumstances and as a first approach,
it is possible to admit the hypothesis that there is
a specific relationship between the number of posts
existing at the different stages. For a specific economic
sector, this helps us to calculate the gross needs of
900
THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1936.
personnel for the above mentioned stages. If we also
take into account the occupied posts, we can calculate
the net supply of the former ones.
If the economic conjuncture allows it, this supply
will induce the recruitment or the dismissal of the corres-
ponding personnel.
We have taken for granted that there are two distinct--
ways to fill the vacancies at each stage in the firm
(except for the operation stage ):
- internal promotion from the inmediately inferior
scale ( with or without additional training,
according to the case )
- external recruitment of :
- people who have received an adequate formation
in the educational system but without previous
job experience
. unemployed people with previous job experience
Within this basic scheme, and fundamentally for
cultural reasons ( entrepreneurial culture ), we have
to consider the apparition of a discrimination in the
choice of men or women to fill a vacancy. As we said
before, it leads to an unbalance in the proportion men/women
in the enterprise stages. This becomes more and more
evident the higher the position in the firm.
Owing to sociocultural reasons, the above factor
is strengthened because there is a lesser number of women
candidates to fill the vacancies.
Summing up, there are fewer women than men in internal
promotion as in external recruitment.
3.2.- Educational subsystem.
The analysis of the educational subsystem is carried
out under the hypothesis that its structure is composed
of three different stages:
- primary studies
- secondary studies
- university studies
In general terms, the inputs for each stage come:
- directly from the inmediately lower stages (except
for the beginning of primary studies )
- from people who left the system voluntarily
( for personal reasons or because they were rejec-
ted: }
THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986. 901
As for the outputs, they are generated by:
- entrance into the following higher stage
-"rejection” by the system ( people do not adequately
fulfill the requirements for permanence )
- people who leave voluntarily the system for “perso-
nal" reasons
These inputs and outputs represent the progression
through the different stages of the system, This process
is influenced by several factors, among them we can mention
the following ones:
- the economic situation of the country ( its wealth
and its distribution )
- the easy access to studies, which is related to
the above factor and to the distance between
schools and potential students
- the situation of the "job" market: the bigger
the supply of posts the more people tend to leave
the educational subsystem or try to make work
and study compatible
In addition, as regards the situation of women,
their progression through the educational subsystem depends
on:
- the percentage of women at every stage
- sociocultural factors such as :
+ womm’s perception of business work possibili-
ties in different categories
. current amount of posts supplied for women,
which is less than appears because the business
culture
As occurs in the business subsystem, the lack of
balance between the men/women proportion at every stage
can be corrected by the evolution of factors that influence
the social and entrepreneurial culture.
3.3.- Background.
In the previous subsections, we commented on the
background when we referred to the influence of the economic
and sociocultural factors.
We could add that:
- in relation to the social culture:
. the ideal one would not discriminate women
from men
+ as the existing social culture appra@ches
the’ ideal one, the proportion men/women
tends to maintain its value through the diffe-
rent stages
902
THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986.
. the discrepancy between the existing and
the ideal social culture discriminates only
women. They diminish its relative importance
for the higher stages in the hierarchical
structure
- in relation to the entrepreneurial culture we
find :
. analogous characteristics to the above mentio-
ned ones
+ the influence of the motives which probably
lead women to abandon the business world
(| marriage, maternity, children education,
etc.). At the same time, these motives are
influenced by the existing social culture.
3.4.- Causal diagram.
The majority of the previous considerations are
summed up in the causal diagram in figure 2. In order
to simplify this diagram, we have- not considered every
mentioned factor in an explicit way ( e.g.disaggregation
of men and women ). They will be observed in greater
detail in the corresponding dynamo diagrams ( see sec-
tion 4).
Although briefly, it would be appropriate to underline
the main relationships between the educational and the
business subsystems:
- the vacancies at the operation stage will be
filled principally by:
people who have finished their primary studies
1 people who have aot completed their secondary
studies for various reasons
» people who have concluded secondary studies
and who would accept and operative post
if they were not to find a superior one
- for the other stages a similar sort of scheme
is reproduced (see figure 2 ).
Sector
Economy a
\ Wealth
\
\ o™,
Seen Needs of
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=-- 943 Jo wexbeTp paaeb
~erbbe Tesned -"7 gENoTa
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we Management
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Needs of Supply o£ University —s Flow from Management
Management —® Management Stage jp Univ. to Posts
Posts Posts Management { ’
| Rejected .
from Univ. % Flow to
Needs of Supply of Flow from t \ Ni Management
Supervision Supervision Secondary i
Posts Posts to Univ. Flow to
Supervision
—
Secondary —~p Plow from Supervision:
Stage Second. to Posts
Supply of a t
Operative Operative / as Supervision f
Posts Posts Reject.
! Flow from Sec. Flow to
Primary to Supervision
j Secondary
t Flow to
Operation
Operation.
Primary =
Stage —_ Flow from —_ Poses:
ae Primary: £9; Discrepancy
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Hae? Ideal / Real
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904
THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986,
4.- MODEL FORMALISATION.=-
In the process of model formalisation we shall maintain
the same working scheme, diferentiating the business
and the educational subsystems. Background factors will
be directly included in the above mentioned subsystems.
4.1.- Business subsystem.
The state variables coincide basically with the
stages mentioned in subsection 3.1 :
- operation posts
- supervision posts
- management posts
- top management posts
For greater accuracy it is convenient to consider
in each of them:
- occupied posts
- candidates to cover the net supply
Moreover, due to the objectives of this research,
it is necessary to make the disaggregation men/women.
According to the above considerations the following
level variables appear for each stage:
- level of posts occupied by men
- level of posts occupied by women
- level of men candidates
- level of women candidates
The treatment of the stages is quite similar except
for top management which has peculiar characteristics
which we shall not discuss here for greater brevity.
For the same reason we shall only discuss the levels
related to women at the operation stage ( levels related
to men are treated identically ).
LwCopP
Level of women candidates for operation posts
As we can see in figure 3, the evolution of this
level is regulated for the following inputs and outputs:
-l- Inputs: In this case, they are produced only
by external recruitment ( see subsections 3.1
and 3.4 ), and concretely by:
-a- unemployed women with previous job experience
( normaly dismissed from the operation stage)
-b- unemployed women without previous job experien-
ce who have received an adequate formation.
THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986. 905
Normally they are:
* women with finished primary studies
who left the educational subsystem
# women who have not completed their
secondary studies for various reasons
& women with finished secondary studies
and who would accept an operative post
According to l-a- and 1-b- we have created three
rate variables:
RWDOP-- Rate of women dismissed from
operative posts ( from l-a- )
RWFPUS-- Rate of women with finished
primary studies or with unfini-
shed secondary ones (from
1l-b-( * and # ))
RWFSO-- Rate of women with finished
secondary studies who are
candidates for operative posts
( from l-b-( & ))
-2- Outputs: They are only produced by the recruitment
of women for the operative stage. This leads
to the following rate :
RWHOP-~ Rate of women hired for opera-
tion posts
Therefore, the corresponding equation for the le-
vel LWCOP should be :
L LWCOP.K = LWCOP.J + DT*( RWDOP.JK + RWFPUS.JK" +
RWFSO.JK - RWHOP.JK )
LOPOW
Level of operation posts occupied by women
This level ( see figure 4 ) has just one input and
one output, which represent, respectively :
- the rate of women hired to fill operation va-
cancies ( RWHOV )
- the rate of women dismissed from operation
posts ( RWDOP )
Thus the equation for the level LOPOW should be:
L LOPOW.K = LOPOW.J + DT*( RWHOV.JK - RWDOP.JK )
906 = THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY, SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986,
RWFSO
R 51
RWDOP
R_53
FIGURE 3 .- Level of women candidates for operation
posts
SZ — LOPOW
RWHOP 1 52 RWDOP
R 54 R53 |
FIGURE 4 .- Level of operation posts occupied by women
IME 1980 INIEHNAIIUNAL GUNFEKENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986. 907
As an example of rate and auxiliary variables we
can mention :
RWFSO
Rate of women with finish@l secondary studies who
are candidates for operation posts
This rate is one of the inputs of the level LWCOP
previously discussed. It is equal to ‘the variation in
the quantity of unemployed women with the mentioned forma-
tion, represented by the auxiliary variable VQUWFS. This
leads to : .
R RWFSO.KL = VQUWFS.K
UWFS
Unemployed women with Finished secondary studies
This auxiliary variable, which has indirect influence
upon the one previously described ( RWFSO ), measures
the difference between the total amount of women with
finished secondary studies who left the educational subsys-
tem ( WFSLE ) and the operation posts covered by women
of the mentioned characteristics ( OPCWS ). Thus :
A UWFS.K = WFSLE.K - OPCWS.K
Figure 5 shows the ‘dynamo diagram corresponding
to the operation stage of the business subsystem, where
we can see, among others, the discussed variables. In
annexe a list of the corresponding variables is presented.
4.2.- Educational subsystem.
As for subsection 4.1, the state variables correspond
basically to the stages of the educational subsystem
( see 3.2 ) ¢
- primary studies
- secondary studies
- university studies
In this piece of research we are interested in the
educational subsystem because of its relatioship with
the business subsystem. Thus, it is necessary to analyze
the former in relation to the latter; in general terms,
this leads to the following possible situations for people
at each stage:
~ people currently studying. In some cases they
can make their studies compatible with a job.
- people with finished studies who left the educatio-
nal subsystem. They can:
HFPUS
R56
FIGURE 5.- Dynano diagram of the operation stage of the
business subsystem
RWESD
RSI
(we Pus)
R52
806
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TTS INT EIINATENAL VUNFERENGE UF TRE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986. 909
. stay out of it and be unemployed
. rejoin the educational subsystem at a superior
stage afer some time
. get a job in the working market
- people rejected from the educational subsystem.
They can:
. stay out of it and be unemployed
+ rejoin the educational subsystem at the
same stage after some time
~ get a job in the working market ( if they
have the necessary qualifications )
According to the above comments we can find, at
every stage, the following level variables:
- level of people currently studying
- level of people with finished studies who left
the educational subsystem
~ level of rejected people
We shall treat the three stages in a similar manner
except for the normal progression through the subsystem,
where we find that:
- the level of people currently studying at the
primary stage does not receive any input from
a lower level
- the level of people with finished university studies
does not send any output towards a higher level
To avoid an excesive reiteration we shall only diséuss
the secondary stage in some detail.
Lcss
Level of people currently studying at the secondary stage
This level evolves by the action of the following
inputs and outputs ( see figure 6 ):
-1- Inputs, which have three origins :
=a- the natural progression from the level of
people with finished primary studies that
continue in the subsystem
-b- the level of people with finished primary
studies who left the educational subsystem
and rejoin it after some time ;
-c- the level of people rejected from primary
studies who decide to study again re~entering
at the same stage
-2- Outputs, towards three different destinations:
-a- the level of people currently studying at
the University stage
910
THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986.
-b- the level of people with finished secondary
studies who left the educational subsystem
-c- the level of people rejected from secondary
studies
Logically,that brings us to the following equation
for the level under study, LCSS :
L LCSS.K = LCSS.J + DT*( FPS.JK+FPLEJS.JK+RSR.JK-FSU.JK~
FFSLE.JK-FRS.JK )
where :
FPS = Flow from primary studies to the secondary stage
( see l-a- )
FPLEJS = Flow of people with finished primary studies who
left the educational subsystem and join secon
dary studies ( see 1-b- )
FRSR = Flowof people rejected from secondary studies
who rejoin this stage ( see l-c-
FSU = Flow from secondary studies to the university
stage ( see 2-a-
FFSLE = Flow of people with finished secondary studies
who leave the educational subsystem
( see 2-b- )
FRS = Flow of people rejected from secondary studies
( see 2-c- )
LRS
Level of people rejected from secondary studies
As we can see in figure 7, this level receives one
input from the level of people currently studying at
the secondary stage, which coincides with the rate FRS
above mentioned.
With regards to the outputs, there are two, which
represent. respectively :
- the flow of people that rejoin the educational
subsystem at the secondary stage, which was named
FRSR
- the people who get an adequate job; this leads
to the apparition of a new flow variable,FRSGJ
The corresponding equation should be :
L LRS.K = LRS.J + DT*( FRS.JK-FRSR.JK-FRSGJ.JK )
0 LELL IES ELISIONOSNS MOMVERENGE UF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986. 911
FPS \ FPLETS
RF
Less
Ly ZN
a H
1
x \
\
FSU y FFSLE
-7| Li
i @ 10 RAZ
de
PPSU
v
FIGURE 6.- Level of people currently studying secondary
studies
LRS
FIGURE 7.- Level of people rejected from secondary studies
912 THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986.
LFSLE
Level of people with finished secondar: tudie:
who left the educational subsystem
The inputs and outputs governing this level are
( see figure 8 ) :
- Input of people who finish secondary studies
and do not reach the university stage. This input
coincides with the rate FFSLE previously mentioned
- output towards the university level, represented
by the rate FSLEJU ( Flow of people with finished
secondary studies who left the educational subsys-
tem and join the university stage )
- output towards the working world, which we shall
name FFSGJ ( Flow of people with finished secondary
studies who get a job )
Therefore, the equation of LFSLE can be written
as:
L LFSLE.K = LFSLE.J + DT*( FFSLE.JK-FSLEJU.JK-FFSGJ.JK)
PSLETU A
SL FSLETO
PFs6eT
FIGURE 8.- Level of people with finished secondary studies
who left the educational subsystem
THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986. 913
As an example of rate variable we can write the
equation of FSU ‘flow from secondary Studies to the univer-
sity stage ), which appeared when we discussed the level
LCSS. FSU can be defined simply as :
R “FSU.KL = LCSS.K * PSPSU.K
where
LcCss = Level of people currently studying at the
pspsu ="BS2BSAEXg8*8¥°students passing from secondary
studies to the university stage ( defined
exogenously
Figure 9 shows the dynamo diagram of this first
version of the educational subsystem, where we can see,
among others, the mentioned variables. In the annexe
we have enclosed a list of the corresponding variables)
5.- FINAL REMARKS.-
We are conscious of the gap existing in this version
of our research, principally due to the difficulties
mentioned in section 1, which we hope to solve soon.
In brief, the next steps to be taken in the process of
our research will be:
- to develop more accurately the educational- subsystem
(| but without losing sight of our objectives)
- to study in depth the interactions between the edu-
cational and the business subsystems
- to treat the background more accurately
- at the same time, to prepare a more accurate
version of the model. In this way, it will be
possible to do computer simulations which will
help improve the model
Before writing this paper we asked ourselves whether
it was appropriate or not to present an unfinished piece
of work at a Conference such as this. Our answer was
affirmative for the following reasons : .
- the possibility to debate the current research
before a qualified public. This fact will undoub-
tedly enrich and benefit its future development
- the elaboration of a sufficiently elaborated
written document helps us to organize our ideas
better, to analize the adopted objectives more
accurately, etc. In short, it helps us adopt
a better approach to the work still to be done.
914 — THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986.
a wW
pPsu
—<
‘ Pree
FESLE
R12
FSLEdU
RY
So
PRSEA
FIGURE 9.- First version of the educational subsystem
IME 1950 INTERNATIUNAL GONFEHENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986. 915
ANNEXE : LIST OF VARIABLES
OPERATION STAGE OF ‘THE BUSINESS SUBSYSTEM ( see the corres-
ponding Dynamo diagram in figure 5 )
LEVELS
LWCOP Level of women candidates for operation posts
LOPQW Level of operation posts occupied by women
LMCOP Level of men candidates for operation posts
LOPOM Level of operation posts occupied by men
RATES
RWFSO Rate of women with finished secondary studies who --
are candidates for operative posts
RWFPUS Rate of women with finished primary studies or with
unfinished secondary studies
RWDOP Rate of women dismissed from operative posts
RWHOP Rate of women hired for operative posts
RMFSO Rate of men with finished secondary studies who are
candidates for operative posts
RMFPUS Rate of men with finished primary studies or with un
finished secondary studies
RMDOP = Rate of men dismissed from operation posts
RMHOP + Rate of men hired for operation posts
AUXILIARIES
WPFSLE Women with finished secondary studies who left the -
educational subsystem
OPCWS Operation posts covered by women with finished secon
dary studies
UWES Unemployed women with finished secondary studies
VQUWFS Variation in the quantity of unemployed women with -
finished secondary studies who are candidates for -
operation posts
WPPLE Women with finished primary studies who left tne edu
cational subsystem
wess Womenfurrently studying at the secondary stage
WRS Women rejected from secondary studies
OPCWP Operation posts covered by women with finished pri--
mary studies
UWFPUS Unemployed women with finished primary studies or --
with unfinished secondary studies
VUWPUS Variation in the quantity of unemployed women with -
finished primary studies or unfinished secondary ones
CPWOP Current percentage of women in operative posts
POPFW Percentage of operative vacancies to be filled by wo
men
SOPW Supply of operative posts for women
SOPM Supply of operative posts for men
OPCMS Operation posts covered by men with finished seconda
ry studies
MESLE Men with finished secondary studies who left the edu
916 THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986.
cational subsystem
UMFS Unemployed men with finished secondary studies
VQUMFS Variation in the quantity of unemployed men with fi-
nished secondary studies
MFPLE Men with finished primary studies who left the edu--
cational subsystem
Mcss Men currently studying at the secondary stage
WRS Men rejected from secondary studies
OPCMP Operative posts covered by men with finished primary
studies
UMFPUS Unemployed men with finished primary studies or with
unfinished secondary studies
VUMPUS Variation in the quantity of unemployed men with fi-
nished primary studies or unfinished secondary ones
PVUWFS Previous value of the amount of unemployed women with
finished secondary studies
PUWPUS Previous value of the amount of unemployed women with
finished primary studies or unfinished secondary ones
PVUMFS Previous value of the amount of unemployed men with
finished secondary studies
PUMPUS Previous value of unemployed men with finished pri
mary studies or unfinished secondary studies
CONSTANTS
PWFSLE Percentage of women with finished secondary studies
who left the. educational subsystem
PWFPLE Percentage of women with finished primary studies --
who left the educational subsystem
PWCSS Percentage of women currently sudying secondary stu-
dies
PWRS Percentage of women rejected from the secondary stage
PMFSLE Percentage of men with finished secondary studies --
who left the educational subsystem
PMFPLE Percentage of men with finished primary studies who
left the educational subsystem
PMCSS Percentage of men currently sudying secondary studies
PMRS Percentage of men rejected from secondary studies
EXOGENOUS VARIABLES
POPOWS Percentage of operative posts occupied by women with
finished secondary studies
POPOWP Percentage of operative posts occupied by women with
finished primary studies
GNOP Gross needs of operative posts
PACPOW Period of adjustment for culture in the percentage -
of operation posts occupied by women
CPWOP Cultural percentage of women in operative posts
POPOMS Percentage of operative posts occupied by men with -
finished secondary studies
POPOMP Percentage of operative posts occupied by men with -
finished primary studies
IHE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986.
917
EDUCATIONAL SUBSYSTEM
( see the corresponding Dynamo diagram in figure 8 )
LCSP
LFPLE *
LRP
LCSss
LRS
LFSLE
Lcsu
LFUS
LRU
IFPA
FFPLE
FRP
FPS
FRPR
FPLEJS
FRS
FRSR
FSU
PFPSLE
FSLEJU
FRU
FRUR
FFU
FFPGJ
FRPGJ
FFSGI
FRSGJ
FFUGI
FRUGIJ
LEVELS
Level of people currently sudying at the primary sta
ge
Level of
left the
Level
Level
people with finished primary studies who --
educational subsystem
people rejected from primary studies
people currently studying at the secondary
people rejected from secondary studies
people with finished secondary studies who
educational subsystem
people currently sudying at University
people with finished university studies
people rejected from the university stage
Level of
Level of
Level of
RATES
Input rate to the primary stage because of age
Flow of people with finished primary studies who left
the educational subsystem
Flow of people rejected from primary studies
Flow
Flow
join
Flow
from primary studies to
of rejected people from
this stage
of people with finished
the secondary stage
primary studies who re-
primary studies who left
the educational subsystem and join secondary studies
Flow of people rejected from secondary studies
Flow of people rejected from secondary studies who
rejoin this stage
Flow from secondary studies to the university stage
Flow of people with finished secondary studies who
left the educational subsystem
Flow of people with finished secondary studies who -
left the educational subsystem and join the universi
ty stage
Flow of people rejected from the university stage
Flow of people rejected from University who re--
join this stage
Flow of people with finished
Flow of people with finished
a job
Flow of people
a job
Flow of people
get a job
Flow of people
get a job
Flow of people
get a job
Flow of people
who get a job
university studies
primary studies who get
rejected from primary studies who get
with finished secondary studies who -
rejected from secondary studies who -
with finished university studies who
rejected from university studies
918 — THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE SYSTEM DINAMICS SOCIETY. SEVILLA, OCTOBER, 1986.
AUXILIARIES
POP Population
CONSTANTS
PFPGJ Percentage of people with finished primary studies -
who get a job
PRPGJ Percentage of people rejected from primary studies -
who get a job
PFSGJ Percentage of people with finished secondary studies
who get a job &
PRSGJ Percentage of people rejected from secondary studies
who get a job
PFUGJ Percentage of people with finished university studies
who get a job
PRUGJ Percentage of people rejected from university --
studies who get a job
PCS Percentage of current scholarship
PPSEA Percentage of population with school entrance age
PFPLE Percentage of people with finished primary studies -
who leave the educational subsystem
PRP Percentage of people rejected from primary studies
PPPS Percentage of people passing from primary studies to
secondary studies
PRPR Percentage of people rejected from primary studies -
who rejoin this stage
PPLEJS Percentage of people whith finished primary studies
who left the educational subsystem and join the se--
condary stage
PRS Percentage of people rejected from secondary studies
PRSR Percentage of people rejected from secondary studies
who rejoin this stage
PPSU Percentage of people passing from secondary studies
to the university stage
PFSLE Percentage of people with finished secondary studies
who leave the educational subsystem
PSLEJU Percentage of people with finished secondary studies
who left the educational subsystem and join universi
ty studies
PRU Percentage of people rejected from the university --
stage
PRUR Percentage of people rejected from university studies
who rejoin this stage
PFU Percentage of people with finished university studies
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