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THE ECHO 437
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440 THE ECHO
Canients
Lirerary DEPARTMENT PAGE
How Maggie Got Back 5 Rose E. Martin, ’16 441
The Ideals of the College 6 Leonard A. Blue 443
The Lyre of Timotheus Anne Elizabeth Morse, ’13 451
“* Clavigo ’” 5 5 Geraldine H. Murray, ’15 454
Letters Home < . : . ° - 463
EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
The New Board ‘ : 4 - 467
The Ideal College Magazine 4 & ‘ 468
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An Exchange Department . . 4 471
An Appreciation . S ‘ C E - 472
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ALUMNI DEPARTMENT . . ‘ . - 483
Che Erhn
VoL. XXII May, 1913 No. 9
Literary Department
How Maggie”.Got Back
OW’D you come to leave Cohen’s, Maggie?”
A couple of dozen girls stopped work
and crowded around to hear the answer.
They felt safe — the “boss” had just gone out to
dinner.
“Yes! Yes! How’d it happen?”
“T thought you were stuck on that place — never
thought you’d leave after bein’ there six years.”
“Well, you see, girls ”—Maggie took the gum from
her mouth—‘“ I was only gettin’ $8 per, so when old
Donafeltzer offered me $10, I just had to do some-
thin’. Now, you know, I’ve been with Abe Cohen
for six years, and I fairly loved that store. Why,
I know everything he’s got, and just where it is.
The minute we ran out of anything, it was me that
told Cohen. I tell you, girls, that store was home
to me.”
The eyes of the “ girls” began to fill when they
saw the tears streaming down Maggie’s pale cheeks.
Trying to smile bravely, Maggie continued, ‘‘ No
use cryin’ I suppose. It’s done now. I certainly
needed that extra $2 per. But, as I said, I hated to
leave the store, so I goes to Cohen and I says, ‘ Mr.
442 THE ECHO
Cohen, I’ve had an offer of $10 a week, but I hate
to leave you. Now if you could raise m ” Says
he, ‘ Miss Peters, I can not raise your wages—very
sorry to have you leave. Good-bye.’
“Well, I thought ’d die! It fairly seemed as if
he’d discharged me. I had to go then. Oh, I just
hate old Donafeltzer and his old store and his old
ratty, painted clerks! I know I’ll die if I have to
stay there.”
The girls were sorry for their friend and their
faces were gloomy after she had left them.
Finally, Elnor, the girl who somehow always had
ideas, threw down the shoe she had been working on
and said, “ Girls, I’ve got it! We'll get Mag back
in Cohen’s! ”
“ce How 9 a
“Well, to-night I’ll stop in Cohen’s and look
around. Cohen’ll see me and ask me what I’m look-
ing for. TIl say, ‘ Where’s Miss Peters? She al-
ways waited on me. She was so obliging. Gone?
Sorry. No—TI don’t believe I'll bother about get-
ting anything to-night. Good evening.’
“Then every day one of us’ll go in and do the
same stunt. We’ll send our mothers too. See? The
old Jew’ll think he’s losing trade —he will lose
anyway ’cause Maggie was the only decent clerk he
had. If you'll do it and get your friends to do it,
believe me, girls, we’ll have Maggie back on $11 per
inside of a month.”
And they did.
Rose E. Martin, 716.
THE ECHO 443
The Ideals of the College
The avowed purpose of the New York State Nor-
mal College is to train teachers for the secondary
schools of the State. To this end it was established
by the Regents and with this aim in view it has
planned its courses and created its ideals. No in-
stitution intended to be permanent comes to its ideals
immediately; these grow with its expanding pur-
poses. This has been true of this College. Since its
organization as a College for the training of second-
ary teachers it has in many things been feeling its
way, and trying experiments in teacher training. It
eannot be said now to have spoken the last word
upon the subject, but it is believed that its courses
if followed intelligently will equip a student for
high school teaching as well as any plan which has
been adopted for such purpose.
The plan may be summed up in a few points:
First. The prospective high school teacher is
given a standard college education or four years’
training in higher studies following a four-year high
school course.
Second. He is given in connection with this a
thorough training in the history and theory of edu-
cation with especial reference to secondary education.
Third. He is trained in specific methods of teach-
ing the subjects which he desires to teach.
Fourth. He is required to do practice teaching
under the supervision of those who are competent
to direct him, in order that he may have before him
not only models of good teaching but may also try
his own success in these fields.
The Normal College by its organization is spe-
444 THE ECHO
cially fitted to meet the needs of the prospective
teacher. It offers to its students a thoroughly or-
ganized four-year college course leading to the regu-
lar baccalaureate degree and demanding the usual
college entrance requirements. Sixty-two “hours”
or “points” are required for graduation. To gain
these ‘ points,” the student may pursue to a large
degree such courses as are ordinarily pursued in
liberal arts colleges in the State. The difference be-
tween the Normal College and these other colleges
lies in the direction which is given to the student’s
studies and in the fact that every student is required
to include in his courses certain studies in the his-
tory and theory of education, a number of “ method
courses ” which deal with specific methods of teach-
ing high school subjects in the high school, and to
have successfully completed a period of practice
teaching under supervision in the high school which
is carried on by the College.
The proper direction of the student’s course is
secured in the first place by demanding that all who
enter the College shall be consciously preparing for
the work of teaching. This gives to it a selected
body of students with one aim, and creates an esprit
de corps which goes far towards giving to them such
a professional attitude towards future work that. their
studies will be made consciously or unconsciously
to bear upon that work. It may be objected that
the college student should be permitted during
the four years of his course to give his undivided
attention to academic studies, without regard to
their practical application. This contention, quite
universal at one time, will not be seriously held by
THE ECHO 445
those who view the educational problem in the light
of the modern ery for “ efficiency.” To know
whither one is going and to what use he intends to
put the training which he gets in college, is a valu-
able aid in securing earnestness and in widening his
horizons, as well as in enabling him to gain a firmer
grasp upon his studies. And if the student knows
his final goal at the beginning of his course he can
choose his studies more intelligently, thus enabling
him to reach his goal more rapidly and more suc-
cessfully.
It cannot be said that the cultural aspect of a
course of study is injured by the fact that it is
taken with a view to future use. If the stu-
dent is thinking of a subject as one which he is
to present to others so they may understand
it, he is quite likely to get a comprehension of it
which is deeper and broader than if he were merely
studying it for the culture it might give him, which
he does not know that he will ever use, or which at
least may be used only to broaden his outlook. No
criticism is here made upon cultural studies; cul-
ture should be coveted by every one who enters
any educational institution. It is to be greatly de-
plored that the students in many of our colleges are
failing to get culture because their attention is di-
verted by athletics, social life, and other “ student
activities ”? which lead them away from proper atten-
tion to their studies. The student who is con-
sciously preparing for a future which includes the
use of his college course is less likely to be diverted
by these outside interests, and is more likely to get
such a view of his subjects that he will not fail in
446 THE ECHO
cultural acquirement. It should be said further that
the first two years’ work of the Normal College dif-
fers in no respect from the first two years’ work in
colleges of liberal arts where the elective system
is followed. After these years attention is di-
rected to studies in education. Out of the sixty-two
points required for the degree each student is re-
quired to take twelve points in those studies which
distinctly prepare one professionally for teaching.
These include courses in the history and theory of
education, “‘ method ” courses, and a period of prac-
tice teaching for which a credit of two hours is given.
The remainder of the work, or about fifty points,
may be selected from purely academic studies.
It is expected that each student at the close of the
Freshman year will select fowr subjects which he
desires to teach. One of these subjects is to be known
as his major, or principal subject, and in it a suffi-
cient quantity of work is taken to make him to
some degree a specialist in it. In the others he is
expected to take less work, but in all of them he is to
take enough work to prepare him to enter the courses
in methods, and to teach the subjects in the ordinary
high school. In points this amount varies from five
to twelve in each subject, twelve points constituting
a major. This will give him an opportunity to take
the required studies of the Freshman year and some
of the advanced courses in philosophy, economics,
and sociology which are not ordinarily taught in the
high school, but which he needs in his general prep-
aration for the work of a scholar in the communities
of the State. The studies are grouped in such a
manner that he cannot specialize too highly, in order
THE ECHO 447
that he may secure a broader preparation than he
might otherwise get and be enabled to meet the de-
mand made upon the modern high school teacher
that he shall be able to teach more than one subject
well.
The student upon entering a college of this type
is at once put into an atmosphere which aids him
greatly in his future work. Whatever may be said
concerning the advantages of general culture courses,
and they have their advantages, it cannot be denied
that much is lost to many students by having no
direction given to their lives in the early years of
their college course. A further advantage arises from
the fact that the instructors consciously present
courses in such a way that the work of each day may
be made to bear practically upon the teaching of the
subject in the future. By this it is not meant to
imply that all courses are turned into “ method ”
courses. Far from it. It simply means that the in-
structor keeps always before him, as an ideal, the
personal development of the student, to a larger de-
gree than he would were he merely developing the
subject. Such an attitude helps him to get away
from the too prevalent tendency among college pro-
fessors of merely giving information and developing
subject matter to the neglect of the personal develop-
ment of the student.
Many complaints have been made because teach-
ers in our schools do not remain permanently
in the profession. While this can be traced to
many causes, among which may be mentioned the
salaries paid, it is further to be traced, it seems to
me, to the fact that in many cases the teachers come
448 THE ECHO
to their work so poorly prepared and with so little
professional spirit that they easily tire in it and be-
come discouraged. A proper training such as is
given in a college of the type of the Normal College
has a tendency to make the teacher look upon his
profession as a life work rather than as a station on
the way to something else. Further he who goes
to the high school out of such an atmosphere as
this will do much to do away with the tendency,
which it cannot be denied is present, to introduce
into high schools the methods of college instruction.
This tendency is corrected by the practice teaching
which the students are required to do. If they have
come to look upon the method of any professor as
ideal, which it well may be for college students, in
the practice teaching, they will be able to try it out
under actual conditions of high school instruction,
and if it fails here, will not make the mistake of
using it afterwards. This practice teaching is done
under the supervision of competent instructors who
are constantly engaged in training prospective high
school teachers, and faults of presentation, method
of conducting the recitation, discipline, personal ap-
pearance, voice, school room manner, and all things
which pertain to the profession of teaching are dis-
cussed with the students. No mere observation of
others’ teaching will accomplish this purpose. Much
of value is no doubt gained by observing a competent
teacher teach his class, but if one desires to become
a successful teacher himself he must do the work of
a teacher. In the practice school both observation
and practice are required. This plan has an advant-
age over practice teaching done in a high school not
THE ECHO 449
under the control of the college in that the whole
teaching process is directed by the college itself. AIL
criticisms are made in a friendly manner, and a
much deeper personal interest is taken in the ad-
vancement of the student-teachers than could be pos-
sible if the teaching were done in a high school sepa-
rate from the college and not under its control.
Teachers in the High School are under the general
direction of the Director of Practice Teaching, who
stands to them in the relation of a Principal and in-
structs them in many practical things in connection
with their future work.
The question may be asked, why should not the
student first get his academic work in some institu-
tion devoted entirely to that, and then get his pro-
fessional training in an institution devoted to
teacher-training. There is both gain and loss in such
a plan. If it could be brought about that all high
school teachers would take this course it would prob-
ably meet the needs of the situation. The value of
this is recognized at the Normal College. College
graduates are given a year’s professional training in
educational theory and methods of teaching, leading
to an advanced degree, and intended to fit them for
teaching in high schools. In many quarters, how-
ever, it is felt that four years’ preparation beyond
the high school is all that can be afforded and all that
ought to be demanded of secondary teachers. The
situation has been met by departments of education
in our various colleges and universities, and in many
eases well met. ‘There is an advantage, however, in
having those who are to teach grouped together in a
college where they may get a broad outlook upon the
450 THE ECHO
field of public education, may secure a unity of in-
terest, and may develop a spirit of comradeship with
each other which will be most helpful to them in
their future work. It is believed, also, that the gap
which has existed between college and life will be
narrowed by this means.
It is not the intention to decry any methods pur-
sued by other institutions. The State of New York
probably needs a thousand new high school teachers
every year. At best our Colleges will graduate not
more than five hundred students who are definitely
prepared to engage in teaching in the high schools.
There is, therefore, room for all institutions, and
there is a need for more of such work as is being
done by the Normal College and by the other colleges
in the State in their departments of education, in
order that our high schools may be properly supplied
with teachers.
Lronarp A. Buus.
THE ECHO 451
The Lyre of Timotheus
(An appreciation of Dryden’s Ode for Saint Cecelia’s
Day)
The Macedonian monarch has pushed his way far
into the mysterious East, exploring, conquering, and
founding cities. Having conquered “ the world,” he
still “sighs for more worlds to conquer.” Flushed
with victory, Alexander halts at Persepolis. Persia
has fallen before him. The great victory must be
appropriately celebrated by a royal feast —a feast
which has no equal in the history of the city for its
magnificence and splendor. The purple roof of the
Oriental palace rests on silver columns upon which
are stretched golden cords. Under it are the richly
laden tables prepared for the guests, sparkling with
costly glass, crystal, and golden vessels beyond price.
Such exquisite dishes are served that only the imagi-
nation of an Apicus could create, and wines of so
many kinds that Otho would be abashed could he
witness the luxury.
The guests are clad in royal robes — purple and
fine linen, gleaming with costly germs — and wear
upon their brows the symbols of victory — garlands
of roses and myrtle. The soft splash of the sweet-
scented waters of the fountains, and the low musical
notes of gorgeous feathered songsters in gold and
silver cages are half heard by the feasters. Every-
where through the palace is a profusion of flowers,
hanging in festoons, clustered on ebony stands in-
laid with ivory, and crowning the wine bowl.
Through the crimson folds of the silken hangings
the sweet sleepy perfume of the lotus flower is wafted
to the guests.
452 THE ECHO
Besides men, women are seated at the tables,
among whom Thais excels all with her wit and
beauty.
Timotheus, the Greek musician and the favorite
of Alexander, is present. The feast has not half run
its course when a few notes— soft, trembling,
dreamy, magical notes — hush the voices of the royal
feasters. With another sweep of the skilful fingers
earth and its sorrows pass away, all is forgotten,
“heavenly joys are brought to earth,” the treasure
house of heaven is opened and fills the earth, a deluge
of joy is pouring down — radiant, rose-colored joy!
The artist’s technique is not called into question.
The mighty monarch himself cannot speak, but as-
sumes to nod assent to the listening crowd that calls
the musician “a present deity.”’ His fingers are
moving faster and faster over the strings, almost
rolicking along to suggest the approach of the jolly
god, Bacchus, whose praise is next sung. The mas-
ter’s pulses quicken, his face flushes. The wild music
goes on. ‘‘ What passion cannot music raise and
quell? ”
The king grows made fighting his battles o’er, de-
fying heaven and earth. His cheeks flame and his
eye flashes. The master, not slow to note the in-
fluence he exerts, with a sweep of the hand again
changes his notes; now sounds a soft low strain, full
of pity for the great king of Persia, who, defeated
at Arbela, fled into Bactria, where he was betrayed
by a treacherous satrap and murdered. The listen-
ers are moved to pity. Handkerchiefs are taken out
to wipe away the falling tears. The musician smiles
at the effect of his marvelous power. He pauses.
THE ECHO 453
His fingers move listlessly over the strings of the in-
strument and the transition to the soft voluptuous
Lydian measure is made. Pity has already melted
the hearts for the kindred feeling of love.
Naturally, the monarch turns to the beautiful
Thais at his side, the music is very soft now, the
lights are burning a little lower, and the air is heavy
with the scent of the lotus. He touches her hand.
War with its toil and trouble is all forgotten now —
“honor but an empty bubble.” Love is crowned
through the magical power of the Greek musician.
Another pause. We think the climax is reached.
But listen! The golden lyre is touched again, the
strains are growing louder and yet louder, wilder
and more furious. “ Revenge! revenge!” Timotheus
cries. The king seizes a torch, Thais leads the way,
and the city is soon fired.
The music ceases. The master puts his lyre aside.
He bows his head. His hands fall to his sides. He
has played upon all the human passions, and he has
seen strong men do his bidding. The great Mace-
donian conqueror is the musician’s slave. He is
content. Timotheus has immortalized the name of
Alexander.
Awne Exizaneta Morsz, 718.
454 THE ECHO
“Clavigo”’
What infinitely trivial circumstances have moved
the pens of genius! The mere nod of a royal head
or the frown of a princely brow has decided the fate
of many of the masterpieces of the world. It stirs
within us a pleasurable emotion to think that it can
lie within our powers to move the artist’s mind.
A fascinating little German lady once made a
laughing dare to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
The result is “ Clavigo,” ranked among his great
productions.
It is well remembered how beloved a circle of
friends Goethe drew about him in Frankfurt. They
were like a happy family, enjoying their holi-
days together, and spending their evenings in a great
room, reading aloud the latest noteworthy literary
productions.
It was one of their pretty original games which
led to “ Clavigo.” The men of the company drew
lots in order that each determine the lady who was
to be his wife on the excursion or to the party which
was to take place. By treating her as his wife he
was supposed to be kind, respectful, and mindful of
her welfare. This, however, precluded any “ pair-
ing-off,” for that would not be the way of married
people. It seemed very satisfactory to them all, for
their principal purpose in meeting was for intellec-
tual benefit. Three successive times Goethe drew
the name of Fraiilein Anna Sybilla Miinch, and
thenceforward they were looked upon as an old mar-
ried couple, and Goethe did not even draw for the
names.
One evening Goethe read to his eager listeners the
THE ECHO 455
French story by Beaumarchais, ‘‘ De Mon Voyage
en Espagne; Mémoire @ Consulter pour P. A. Car-
onde Beaumarchais.” Imagine the deep, sonorous
voice of the splendid scholar ringing forth the
dramatic tale. ‘‘ Goethe’s own temperment was so
high strung that no doubt he flew into.as savage a
rage inwardly as Beaumarchais did in reality.”
Ten years before the play was published Beau-
marchais, the noted French author, had two sisters
living in Madrid, one married to an architect, and
the other, Marie, engaged to Clavigo, a young au-
thor without fortune. When Olavigo had obtained
the office he had long desired he broke the engage-
ment. Marie was some 27 years old and no longer
in the fresh bloom of girlhood. Beaumarchais hur-
ried to Madrid. He wished both to save Marie’s
reputation, and to put a speculation of his own on
foot. He went to Clavigo, and made him write an
avowal of his contemptible conduct. After this
Clavigo was frightened, and sought a reconciliation
with Marie, offering to marry her. Beaumarchais
consented, but just as the marriage was to take place
he heard that Clavigo was conspiring against him,
saying he forced the marriage, for which deed the
order had been procured for Beaumarchaise’s ex-
pulsion from Madrid. Very much angered he went
to the Minister, and reached the King. Then he
avenged himself by getting Clavigo dismissed from
his post.
‘When he had concluded the reading Miss Miinch
said to him:
“Tf I were thy liege lady, and not thy wife, I
would command thee to change this memoir into 4
play, to which it seems well suited.”
456 THE ECHO
The gallant youth was very fond of Anna, and he
turned to her smilingly:
“That thou mayest see, my love, that liege lady
and wife are one, I here undertake that this day
week I will read a play on this very matter.”
True to his promise in less than eight days he
produced a drama based almost entirely upon the
mémoire de Beaumarchais. He translated verbatim
the chief scene and the dramatic situations of the
mémoire. He had a most notable precedent in this
—the works of Shakespeare. He said of it: “TI
challenge the critical knife to separate the merely
translated passages from the whole without lacerat-
ing its flesh, without inflicting a mortal wound not
only on the et but also on the structure and life
of the play.”
In speaking of the ease with which he fulfilled his
promise he said, “‘ What in such cases is termed in-
vention was with me spontaneous.” That powerful
brain needed but a single impulse, and it was off at
the pace of a thoroughbred with victory always at
the goal. He confesses that had it not been for his
“dear partner,” he would never have received the
impulse, for the plot was no more stirring than many
another.
The story itself as Goethe has remodeled it is ex-
citing, and holds the interest from the first to the
last page. The characters are Clavigo, Carlos, his
friend, Beaumarchais, Marie Beaumarchais, Sophie
Guilbert, neé Beaumarchais, Guilbert, her husband,
Buenco, and St. George.
Olavigo has deserted Marie and is planning for
the future. He is already the King’s recorder and
THE ECHO 457
an author of some little note, and he expects greater
elevation. His conscience keeps Marie’s image ever
before his eyes, and he wonders why, for his love for
her is long since dead. Carlos, the tempter, paints
bright pictures of the future, and blots out the past
with one sweep of the brush of scorn.
Marie, although betrayed, still loves Clavigo but
she does not confess it. She has sent for her brother
to avenge her.
Beaumarchais and his friend, St. George, arrive,
and make an appointment to see Clavigo. They
surprise him into writing a declaration in which he
states that he has been a base deceiver to Marie, and
that he was wholly in the wrong. After writing it
he desires a reconciliation with Marie, and Beau-
marchais finally consents. All plans are laid for the
wedding, and Marie awaits the day with great joy.
Then comes the news from Aranjuez that Clavigo
has betrayed Marie again. He has run away leaving
no trace behind him. Carlos accomplishes this
artistic feat.
Marie, stricken by the direful news, grows very
ill and dies before they can summon a doctor. Beau-
marchais is nearly mad with rage, and the entire
family is terribly incensed.
As the funeral procession is forming Clavigo
comes through the street. When he discovers Marie
is dead he implores her to take him with her. Just
then, Beaumarchais, still thirsty for Clavigo’s blood,
enters, and speedily stabs Clavigo. Carlos appears,
and would have Beaumarchais arrested, but Clavigo
says no, that all is right now, and that now his crime
is expiated. As soon as they have all given him their
forgiveness he dies.
458 THE ECHO
The last act was not in Beaumarchais’ narrative.
The dramatic possibilities of the play suggested the
tragic ending for it, and the actual source is the
Alsatian folk-song, “Der Herr und die Magd.”’
Hettner considers that the last scene is partially
taken from the scene between Hamlet and Laertes at
the grave of Ophelia.
In itself the plot is not unusual. It is especially
familiar in the Goethe drama. There is a very evi-
dent reason for this similiarity however, and it lies
in the love affair between Friecderike and him.
This girl like Marie in “ Clavigo” and like Maria
in ‘ Gétz ” was a sweet, lovable girl unversed in the
ways of the world. According to his own confession
Goethe loved her, but he treated her as Clavigo and
Weislingen treated their sweethearts, by betraying
her. She loved him in spite of this fact however,
just as Marie and Maria did. Goethe’s love for
Friederike died as did Clavigo’s for Marie, but the
remorse and consciousness of guilt gnawed at his
heart, and made him miserable as they did Clavigo
and Weislingen. ‘I cannot rid myself of the mem-
ory that I have forsaken Marie — deceived her —
eall it what you will,” cries Clavigo voicing Goethe’s
thought. During his entire life he tried to atone
for the wrong he did her. Marriage would have been
contrary to the ambition which he cherished and so
he gave her up. In his old age he made the asser-
tion that Clavigo and Weislingen were both the chil-
dren of his remorse with regard to Friederike Brion.
Just so does he depict Clavigo and Weislingen.
He confessed to his friends that there was an “ in-
timate connection between the chosen material and
the motives of my own life.”
THE ECHO 459
Fritz Jacobi received a letter in August from the
author discussing the play in which he says: ‘“ Beau-
marchais’ character and his acts were amalgamated
with personal characteristics and acts of my own.”
So here, too, in another character we meet Goethe’s
own (experiences entering in. Beaumarchais is a
fiery, impulsive man with a very decided opinion of
right and wrong. In this respect Goethe could recog-
nize his own character.
When we study the character of Clavigo then,
we epect to find the good mingled with the bad, the
fine with the coarse. And we are not. disappointed.
Clavigo, as Goethe himself describes him in his letter
to Schénborn, is an undecided, half-great, half-in-
significant character. There are many noble traits
in Clavigo, but they are overwhelmed by fear. Fear
of public opinion, fear of Carlos, fear of Beau-
marchais and, at length, the fear of God led him to
do what he would not have ordinarily done. He
would have preserved his honor, and married Marie,
but for the wily Carlos. “‘ Clavigo speaks from the
innermost depths of his heart, but Carlos speaks
from his worldly knowledge.”
Carlos is a crafty cynical man of Mephistopheles-
like cunning. He is acquainted with Clavigo’s
nature as no one else is, and he knows the weak spots,
and how to reach them. ‘‘ Merck probably comforted
Goethe as Carlos did Clavigo. Merck’s nature and
his peculiar relation to Goethe were never more
truthfully portrayed than in this drama.”’ Carlos is
a cold, hard man of the world, and yet he seems to
possess a charm over Clavigo. He loves his friend,
and this is the reason for his plot against Marie.
460 THE ECHO
He firmly believes in Clavigo’s great destiny and his
future prosperity, and he wished to see all things
come to pass. He proves it in his appeal, “O
Clavigo, I have cherished thy fate in my heart as my
own.”
As for Beaumarchais, he is the same character as
in the original narrative. There is no difference
save that Goethe has painted him a trifle more
vividly. Goethe must often have thought what ac-
tion he would take should anyone play false to his
own sister Cornelia as he had, and as Clavigo and
Weislingen do.
The great disappointment to my mind is the pic-
ture of Marie. As a rule Goethe’s women are a
delight to the reader, but Marie falls far short of the
standard. She is a sweet, gentle girl, but she is sickly
and weak. She does not appeal to one as a girl who
could even hope to retain the affections of a man
such as Clavigo. She runs and hides when he comes
to beg forgiveness, and acts in general like a simple
country child with absolutely no character. We can-
not admire her; our only emotion is a passive pity
that she should be so weak as to die of a broken
heart. In this point it seems to me that Goethe has
weakened the entire drama. It may be a romantic
ending for the forsaken girl to die, but it would give
a touch of realism had it ended with the actual con-
clusion of the story.
The character of Bueneo is a touch of beauty in
the play. He is Marie’s true and unselfish admirer,
and is really a memory of Lenz who was Friederike’s
lover. He takes a minor part, but his speeches are
effective and they bear weight.
As for Sophie, Guilbert, and St. George, they are
THE ECHO 461
most insignificant. The name Sophie was Cornelia’s
nickname and Friederike’s sister’s name. This fact
adds to the abundant reality of the drama.
I have already mentioned how closely are the char-
acters of Marie and Clavigo allied with Maria and
Weislingen. Goethe says in a letter to Schénborn
that the character of Clavigo is “the pendant to
Weislingen in Gotz, or rather, Weislingen himself,
rounded out into a chief character.” Weislingen’s
feebleness and nobility of character and his shameful
treatment of Maria correspond exactly with Clavigo.
Clavigo is, as the author says, just an emphasized
Weislingen. One might almost think they were the
same. Marie and Maria are alike too, although
Maria is much more admirable than Marie. His
contemporaneous critics said that it was fortunate
that Goethe did not finish Faust at that time with
some other embryonic plays. It is evident they
feared a repetition such as exists between the ro-
rances of “ Gotz” and “ Clavigo.”
The critics spoke, too, of the resemblance between
“Emilia Galotti’”? and ‘ Clavigo.” It is said to be
a perfect companion piece for it, resembling it in
plot, somewhat in characters, and in style. However,
“ Clavigo” is the result of life’s own experiences
while Lessing’s drama is the product of thought and
observation.
“Emilia Galotti” is a tragedy of intrigue and
wickedness while “ Clavigo” is a tragedy of char-
acters such as Shakespeare deals with. In the one
play the aid of a woman brings the catastrophe to
completion, but the tragic guilt of the hero himself
‘brings about the denouement of the Goethe tragedy.
““Clavigo” is the contest between two rights, and
462 THE ECHO
“Emilia Galotti”’ is the victory of virtue over evil
passion.
Greater than all else, however, was the influence
of Lessing’s Masterpiece upon the unity of time,
place, and action of “ Clavigo.” We see with sur-
prise the active scenes of “ Gétz” gives way to the
staid movement of “ Clavigo.” Lessing seemed to
teach him the incongruity of the constant change in
scene, especially for a play, and for the general unity
of action.
Artistically ‘ Clavigo” far outshines ‘ Gotz.”
“Tt is epoch making in the history of the German
Drama.” This is due to the fact that the action is
mainly between Clavigo and Beaumarchais, and not
between Clavigo and Marie. Beaumarchais is the
actual hero, but for his own sake Goethe makes
Clavigo appear the hero. He says that scenes which
could only be suggested in Gotz were the chief scenes
of Clavigo.
Perhaps the remark of Goethe’s friend Merck re-
veals the place that ‘“ Clavigo” should take in
Goethe’s writings. ‘ You must write no more such
rubbish in the future; others can do as well as that.”
Merck epected greater things of Goethe than this
trivial little play. Needless to say we do too. But
Tieck says in reply that it is a finished masterpiece.
So went the fire of criticism. It was hailed with
joy, and derided all in a breath. However well it is
written, I believe that Merck was right. Goethe’s
pen was too great to produce it.
Geratpine H. Murray, 715.
Norr.—In 1775 or ’76 Beaumarchais then travel-
ing through Germany under an assumed name saw
“ Clavigo ” played in the city of Augsburg. Imagine
his feelings.
THE ECHO 463
Letters Home
May 2, 1913.
Dear Dad:
Well, Dad, it came off! The Debate I mean. And
we lost. I never was so disappointed in my life.
And, Dad, it was just as you said it would be. I
suppose, as you are an editor, I really ought to give
you credit for knowing one or two little things —
but I didn’t believe your prophecy until it came true.
You said: ‘‘ Look out for law students! They don’t
know any more than other students, but their wits
are sharpened to refute extempore, and they learn
their speeches by heart. If your people read their
speeches, they’ll lose.”? Well, Dad, that’s just what
they did do, and that’s just what happened. I never
really realized before what a big difference it makes
to be able to look your audience in the eye, and talk
to them as though you were making it up all along,
and hadn’t had to look up every word of it and learn
it by heart. It is “ studied carelessness,”’ as our art
teacher says, that counts. She says we must never
be careless, but we must give the effect of a jaunty
carelessness, which always attracts others, and never
deceives ourselves. “‘ Studied carelessness ”’ is what
our French teacher would call “‘ some study.” It’s no
easy thing to acquire.
But we’re going to beat that Law School yet!
We're going to try again and beat them, even if I
have to go and do it all by myself! That team of
ours is a match for all the teams the Law School can
send out — if they know their speeches by heart. We
did nobly, anyway. And I’m proud of us— and
want it to do all over.
464 THE ECHO
Do you know — here’s another thing. How much
yells help out! We shouted some Wednesday night
for the benefit of the team and all the rest — and oh,
how loyal and good it sounded. I bet someone will
hunt up some yells that are even better, after seeing
their good effect Wednesday night. Yells are a fine
thing! (You will notice — and pardon — my using
bet back there. I thought of it after I had said it.
I know such expressions aren’t proper for use in that
way, especially when you’re a student in college.
But, you see, it slipped out before I thought. Words
have a habit of doing that I notice — slipping out
before we think.)
Well, I was saying that those yells sounded loyal,
or something like that. Loyalty is something I’m
just beginning to understand. Perhaps the article
I read on it, makes me think and know more about
it just lately — but anyway, Loyalty is the big thing
that counts — everywhere. That man said: “Be
loyal whenever your principles can be on the same
side — be loyal everywhere.” And then he gave
some examples of what he meant by Loyalty, and of
a lot of places where Loyalty is just the only thing
that counts. ‘‘ Of course, you know,” he said, “ that
Loyalty is, like all big, abstract, virtues, hard to de-
fine — but we all know, too, that it is just the big,
abstract, virtues that we hold most sacred.”’ And he’s
right. I’ve been thinking it out. For instance, we
must be loyal to our school, wherever and whatever
it is. If it isn’t worth being loyal to, it isn’t worth
going to. Then we must be loyal to our outside in-
terests, in whatever we’re engaged, or we won’t do
any good by engaging in them. If we go into busi-
THE ECHO 465
ness after we leave school, we must not take a posi-
tion with a firm whose dealings we cannot support,
heartily — and then we must be loyal to that firm,
and not disclose any information intrusted to us, nor
work in any other than that firm’s interest. If we
go into a profession, like teaching, we’ve got to be
loyal. The teacher who cannot or does not remain
loyal to the school, or principal, or board, or what-
ever it is he’s working for — he isn’t of any use to
himself or to anybody else. He’s just wasting time,
for he won’t accomplish anything. His pupils and
fellow-teachers won’t believe in him. And then,
we've got to be loyal to our families and friends.
The truth of the matter is— we’ve got to be loyal
all around. Isn’t that so, Dad? We mustn’t be de-
serters —nor quitters——nor traitors. We must
“ stand by our guns!” Maybe I’m wrong, but that’s
what I’ve figured out. And, as a teacher, I’m going
to stand by the school I’m teaching in, if I can —
and if I can’t, and can’t do any good by staying,
Lu get out. But, dear me! I’m planning a long way
ahead. Here I am only a Freshman, and may not
pass at that.
But we’ve moved, Dad. We “ moved up” — and
I begin to feel as though I might some day be a
Sophomore. Tell Mother I wore my new thin waist
with the Irish lace, and my heavy white skirt. I
hadn’t worn it since I brought it from home, vaca-
tion — so it was ‘‘spandy” clean and looked real
scrumptuous. Editha looked awfully pretty. She
had on a new white dress, and her hair was fixed
prettily — and all that. She’s pretty anyway. But
oh, the good time we had! All the girls in white
except the Seniors — and they in their lovely caps
466 THE ECHO
and gowns —and some of them with hoods. I’m
going to have a hood! We had songs, and two
speeches —— one by the Senior President, and one by
the President of the College — and class yells — oh,
lots of them! and then we all went out on the campus
and sang, and marched, and yelled some more. I’m
so hoarse I can’t talk now. It was just lovely. And
each class had a beautiful, big banner — and —I
just wish we could “ move up” every day!
And say, Dad, I wish you’d “ blow up” Dick for
me. The idea of his squabbling with Bess — and all
over nothing but his old smoking! There was a man
from the Anti-Cigarette League who talked to the
College the other day. He said it lay with the girls
to stop the boys from smoking. He said if a boy
thought anything of a girl, her mere request would
be enough to stop him. I wrote that to Dick and he
hasn’t even deigned to reply. And he pretends to
love his sister! Well, if I were nothing but a man,
and could get a girl like Bess to promise to marry
me, I’d keep away from smoke — why, I wouldn’t
even look at a cigarette advertisement —if she
didn’t want me to.
Give my love to mother and little Peggy, and
everybody else — and lots to yourself.
TEppy.
Che Erhnu
VOL. XXII May, 1913 No. 9
Buard of Editors
J. Harry Warp . . . . : . Editor-in-Chief
GERTRUDE WELLS . . . . . . . Assistant Editor
Grace M, Younc gee Ney a llbas me We et. nseke terary Editor
Karuarine Kinne E Sees y Ve Reyathe eit Alumni Editor
Eprre Carr OTT e ie Miaa ai aatalniie nico eeariter News Editor
Wars Woop) tient s/s cis) fe a) i OI Bilsinesss Manager
Katrina Van Dycx ist
aaah ae . oe we Advertising Department
FLORENCE GARDNER SME By sb ah AL reac a ee
Cuxstex J. Woop . ‘ubscription anagers
Orxis EMery . - ss ts Gircutlating Manager
Subscription, $1.00 per annum, payable in advance; $1.25 when not
paid before October 15th; single copies, 15 cents.
Contributions and expressions of opinions are solicited from the stu-
dent body and interested alumni.
‘Address all business communications to the business manager, 82 N.
Allen street.
“Tue Ecuo”’ is published (monthly except July and August) and owned
by the students of the New York State Normal College, and is entered in
the Albany Post Office as second-class matter.
Editorial Bepariment
The New Board
A change was made this year in the process of
selecting the board of editors of the Hecho for the
following year. Two nominations for each office
were made and the subscribers elected as follows:
Editor-in-Chief — Edna Moat.
Assistant Editor — Edith Casey.
Literary Editor — Ballard Bowen.
News Editor — Ethel B. Stewart.
Alumni Editor — Rachel Griswold.
Exchange Editor — Theddosia Dart.
Business Manager — Marjorie Davidson.
468 THE ECHO
Advertising Department — Lois Atwood, Gerald
Pratt.
Subscription and Circulating Department—Clara
Wallace, Neil Quackenbush.
The Ideal College Magazine
The college magazine is essentially a production
of the college, being concerned with the affairs of the
world at large only in that broad sense in which great
world movements affect human life and institutions,
and in which the world is interested in these institu-
tions. As a college organization the ideal magazine
should exist in harmonious relations with the faculty,
student body, and alumni and should always exert
itself to preserve such relations between these bodies.
In order to fulfill these obligations the college maga-
zine must have a broad point of view, must be an
institution in which the interests of the whole college
center. In this way it will stimulate, foster, and
reflect true college spirit and in this way alone.
The content of the periodical being largely sup-
plied by the students, naturally, one of the first aims
of the publication is to cultivate a high literary spirit
which will be both creative and critical. As in all
other human activities, so in the college world there
may be found conditions which should be criticized,
and opportunities may occur when helpful sugges-
tions are useful. To offer such criticism and sugges-
tion becomes another great duty of a college paper.
Looking further, from the view point of the ideal
THE ECHO 469
magazine it is important that college events be
chronicled for the information of all who may be
interested, referring particularly to former graduates.
In serving as a bond between the alumni and their
alma mater the periodical satisfies a desirable re-
quirement by recording the successes of the alumni,
and by furnishing them news of college life. As in
every activity there is strength in proper relation-
ship, thus the college magazine is benefited and better
fitted to perform its offices by being connected with
the publications of other educational institutions.
Finally, an ideal periodical should devote some of
its pages to the advertising of reliable business firms,
for the purpose both of supporting itself financially
and of providing for the convenience and best inter-
ests of its subscribers.
While in judging a paper content is the important
consideration, we cannot offord to neglect appearance
—especially in an ideal production. The form
should be attractive and daintily suggestive of the
ideals of the publication.
And such, members of the new Hcho Board, is the
conception of an ideal college magazine that we
would present to you. Perhaps it is not ideal
enough to be an ideal; it undoubtedly could be
improved. We intend only to suggest, for after
all your ideals must be your own. But be sure
to have ideals, high ideals, inspired by a desire to
further the best interests of the Echo, for ideals are
the stuff out of which the great realities of life orig-
inate.
May you be as successful as you hope to be and
as we desire you to be!
470 THE ECHO
Dr. Draper
Andrew Sloan Draper, State Commissioner of
Education and directly connected with the Normal
College as chairman of its board of trustees, died at
his home in Albany on April 27, 1913. Dr. Draper
was born at Westford, Otsego County, on June 21,
1848. His career as an educator brought him honor
and fame. As Commissioner of Education he was
responsible for the present educational policy of the
State of New York. Dr. Draper was widely known
as a writer and lecturer, and as one of the foremost
workers in the peace movement. His words at the
dedication of the State Education Building, which
stands as a monument to his memory, reveal some-
thing of jhis character: *“ We | consecrate this
splendid pile of stone and steel to the enrichment of
the great soul of the Empire State. We set apart this
ground and this beautiful building to the good ser-
vice of free education, and we dedicate ourselves,
our children, and their children to its generous sup-
port and to its unselfish, unpartisan, enlightened,
and patriotic use for the greatness of the State and
the highest good of all her people.”
One of the most distinguished groups of men ever
gathered in Albany attended Dr. Draper’s funeral.
Following is the tribute made by Dr. Milne to the
memory of the deceased Commissioner:
“By the death of Dr. Draper New York State
and the nation loses one of the ablest educators that
America has developed. No man has ever exerted
greater ability to grasp or to put into practical use
so many of the best principles known to educational
science, but his genius was more conspicuous in the
THE ECHO 471
work of organization. His service to the Empire
State is so thoroughly appreciated and so skilfully
applied that his name must rank as high as that of
Horace Mann of Massachusetts.
“Dr Draper’s gifts as speaker, as lecturer, and as
investigator will classify him among the world’s most
conspicuous and most forceful expounders of the
educational science, and his advocacy of the noblest
principles for the guidance and for the development
of the young in character will permanently establish
his reputation as a prince among moral leaders. He
was a product of the Empire State, of the city of
Albany, and every citizen cannot fail to be proud of
his name and his achievements.”
An Exchange Department
Some time during the latter part of the first
semester the Hecho Board voted to establish an ex-
change department, of which Miss Gertrude C. Val-
entine was elected editor. It was discovered, how-
ever, that enough exchanges to warrant the founding
of a department could not be secured so late in the
year, and Miss Valentine has since directed her
efforts toward making possible the establishment of
an exchange department next year. We desire to
express our thanks to her at this time for her services
and good-will.
In order that this department may be operated from
the beginning of next year, an exchange editor has
been elected as one of the members of the new board.
We wish that the new department may be a success,
and an improvement to our College magazine.
472 THE ECHO
An Appreciation
The editors desire to express their gratitude to
Mr. Frank H. Evory for his kindly interest in the
Echo, for his patience, and for the helpful advice
which he has so often given. We compliment him
and his company upon their straight forward busi-
ness principles.
News Bepariment
Faculty Notes
Resolutions Unanimously Adopted by the Presi-
dent and Faculty of the New York State Normal
College, April 29, 1913:
Wuoureas, In the death of Andrew Sloan Draper,
LL. D., Commissioner of Education of New York,
the State has lost one of its most distinguished citi-
zens, and
Wuereas, His contributions to the work of educa-
tion have been of such superior value, and his high
intelligence, strong character, broad culture, and rare
executive ability have placed him among the fore-
most educators of America, and
Wuereras, For many years he has been intimately
associated with this institution as trustee, counselor,
and. friend, therefore, be it
Resolved, By the President and Faculty of the
New York State Normal College:
That we hereby express our deep appreciation of
the character and work of Dr. Draper, and record our
sense of loss in his death.
That all exercises of the College be suspended on
the day of his funeral.
THE ECHO 473
That we extend to his wife and family the assur-
ance of sincere sympathy in their bereavement.
That these resolutions be placed on the records of
the College and that a copy thereof be sent to his
family. i
Guorcr S. Parnter,
Ricumonp H. KirKianp,
Lronarp W. Ricuarpson,
Committee.
On April 18th and 19th Professor Risley at-
tended a meeting of the History Teachers of the
Middle States and Maryland at Syracuse. His chief
interest in the conference was in regard to the
methods of teaching history in secondary schools.
Several excellent papers upon this subject were read,
three of the best being, “‘ Geography and History,”
by Professor Burr, teacher of mediaeval history in
Cornell University; “ Teaching of Recent History,”
by Dr. Hayes of Columbia University, and “ The
History Recitation,” by Dr. Wolfson. The history
teachers of Syracuse and vicinity are forming a local
association for the advancement of interest and
methods of teaching. Dr. Lyttel, of the State Educa-
tion Department, and Professor Risley will take steps
to form a similar association in and about Albany.
Dean Leonard A. Blue spoke to the Sunday School
teachers of Albany and vicinity at a dinner given in
“The Amsterdam” on April 29th. The subject
upon which he spoke was: “ The Ideals of the Sun-
day School Teacher.”
Miss Burbank was forced to absent herself from
College several days because of illness.
474 THE ECHO
Lectures
Hugh P. Baker, M. F., Ec. D., Dean of the New
York State College of Forestry, at Syracuse, ad-
dressed the students upon the subject: ‘‘ The Forests
of New York, Past and Present.”” Dean Baker is an
able speaker and proved himself thoroughly capable
of treating his subject in an interesting and practical,
as well as in a scientific, manner. The lecture was
illustrated with very excellent slides. Dean Baker has
made an exhaustive study of the conditions of forests
in Europe; his pictures of the German forests were
especially instructive, and his comparisons between
our own forests and those of Europe were most
illuminating and practical.
On April seventeenth B. R. Baumgardt gave an ex-
cellent lecture under the title, “ An Evening with
the Stars.” The lecture was illustrated with many
accurate and valuable pictures of the stars about
which Mr. Baumgardt spoke. He is plainly a man
in love with his subject, and has the rare power of
compelling his hearers to love it also. He has caught
the poetry and romantic beauty of the spheres and
has coupled with these qualities practical, scientific
knowledge. With speech full of a quaint humor, Mr.
Baumbardt both interested and delighted his
listeners.
Rev. Manfred P. Welcher, Field Seeretary of the
Anti-Cigarette League of America, spoke to the as-
sembled students at chapel hour on April 9th. Since
his listeners were mostly young women preparing for
teaching, Mr. Welcher emphasized the scientific side
of his subject.
THE ECHO 475
On the evening of April twenty-cighth Professor
S. B. Belding gave an Organ Recital in the First Re-
formed Church at Albany. For those who love and
can appreciate great music the recital proved a rare
treat.
A debate between the Parker Debating Society of
the Albany Law School and the students of our Col-
lege took place in the Auditorium on the evening of
April thirtieth, Those who represented the Law
School were: Bernard Kearney, Kathryn H. Star-
buck, Jacob Rubenstein, and James A. Noonan, al-
ternate. The representatives of our College were:
Florence M. Hodges, Clarence A. Hidley, Chester
Wood, and Laura Bristol, alternate. Dean Blue
acted as chairman; John C. Watson of the Law
School was Secretary. The question debated was:
Resolved, That the closed shop is more beneficial than
the open shop to the interests of the working men of
this country. By a unanimous vote of the judges,
the decision was given to the Law School students
who upheld the affirmative. The judges were: Judge
Brady, Mr. Lawson, and Professor Naughton, all of
Albany. The students who acted as a Committee of
Arrangements follow: John T. Delaney, Theodore
B. Lull, and Samuel Caplan, A. L. S.; Edith A.
Carr, Marvel A. Jones, and Orris Emery, S. N. C.
The Mandolin Club of our College furnished music
before and after the debate.
Moving-up Day
The ceremony of ‘‘ Moving-up,” one of the biggest
college events of the second semester, took place at
476 THE ECHO
10:30 on Friday, May second. College and class
spirit, however, prevented the students from remain-
ing passive until that hour. At nine o’clock, when
the students assembled for classes, they discovered
that the big yellow and white banner of the Fresh-
men floated high upon the flag-staff, above the College
flag. In the “scrap” which insued, the big banner
was hauled down and the Freshmen sent to classes
with spirits, however, undaunted. From the first,
class colors were much in evidence. Not until the
lower classmen were assembled in the Auditorium at
ten thirty did the Seniors appear, clad in cap and
gown, marching slowly to the rhythm of their class
song. Following them came the Senior Household
Economies, distinguished by their arm-bands of
American beauty and white. In the formal exercises
which followed Miss Bristol, President of the Senior
class, gave a remarkably fine address, filled with a
certain sadness, yet strong in its joyous hopefulness
for the future. Following the college songs and the
class yells, Dr. Milne spoke to the students in the in-
formal, friendly way they like so well.
After the completion of the more formal exer-
cises the students flocked to the front of the College,
where, upon the lawn and walks, class spirit found
an outlet in “ yells,” “snake dances,” and frolic
worthy of ‘‘ seven-year-olds.”” Indeed, everyone, even
our Faculty, felt absurdly, delightfully young.
It was at this time that the underclassmen dis-
covered with no little chagrin that, by the blue and
white arm-band, Dean Blue had been captured as a
“ Junior.” They, however, consoled themselves with
the thought that there are other “‘ Moving-up Days ”’
coming.
THE ECHO 477
And, when at last the students returned to the
more serious duty of attending classes, it was with
class spirit soaring and the love of their Alma Mater
warm in their hearts.
Commencement Exercises
Friday, April 25—“ Crimson and White”
“Musical,” College Auditorium, 8.00 P. M.
Monday, April 28 — Organ Recital by Professor
S. B. Belding, First Reformed Church, 8.00 P. M.
Friday, May 9— Delta Omega Dance, College
Gymnasium, 8.00 P. M.; Zeta Sigma Society Recep-
tion to Class of 1913, High School, Graduates Hall,
8.00 P. M.
Saturday, May 10 — Delta Omega Luncheon, The
Hampton, 2.00 P. M.; Delta Omega Entertainment,
College Auditorium, 8.15 P. M.
Friday, May 23 —Cantata, “‘ The Egyptian Prin-
cess,” under the direction of Professor S. B. Belding,
College Auditorium, 8.00 P. M.
Saturday, May 24 — Psi Gamma House-warming
and Shower, 431 Clinton Avenue, 8.00 P. M.
Thursday, May 29— Eta Phi Dance, College
Gymnasium, 8.00 P. M.
Friday, May 30— Kappa Delta Picnic, Mt.
Pleasant; Psi Gramma Picnic, Saratoga Springs,
NY. 9.00 -A. Mi.
Saturday, May 31— Eta Phi Breakfast, The
Hampton, 1.00 P. M.; Theta Nu Excursion to New
Baltimore, 9.00 A. M.
Thursday, June 5 — Final Examinations begin,
9.00 A. M.; Robert C. Pruyn Prize Speaking Con-
test, College Auditorium, 8.00 P. M.
478 THE ECHO
Saturday, June 7 — Quintilian Society Excursion,
9.00 A. M.
Friday, June 138 — Newman Club Luncheon, The
Ten Eyck, 1.00 P. M.; Final Examinations End,
5.00 P. M.
Saturday, June 14 — Class of 1913 Pienic; Kappa
Delta Dinner, The Ten Eyck, 7.30 P. M.
Sunday, June 15 — Baccalaureate Sermon by The
Very Reverend Dean Brookman, D. D., All Saints
Cathedral, Albany, College Auditorium, 7.30 P. M.
Monday, June 16 — Class Day Exercises, Class of
1913, College Auditorium, 10.30 A. M. Memorial
Exercises for Dr. A. N. Husted, College Auditorium,
3.00 P. M.; Reception to Class of 1913 and to
Alumni, by President and Mrs. William J. Milne,
No. 5 Elk Street, 8.00 P. M.
Tuesday, June 17— Commencement Exercises,
College Auditorium, 10.30 A. M.; Luncheon to Class
of 1913 by the Alumni Association, 12.30 P. M.;
Senior Ball, Class of 1918, College Gymnasium, 8.30
P.M.
Saturday, June 21 — Class of 1913, High School,
Reception to Parents and Friends, College Gym-
nasium, 8.00 P. M.
Monday, June 23—Closing Exercises, High
School, College Auditorium, 3.00 P. M.
Y. W. C. A. Notes
The new officers and cabinet members have
settled down to definite steady work. No perceptible
change of policy is noticeable; the new administra-
tion is well content to strive to carry on the work so
ably handled by former cabinets.
The officers follow:
THE ECHO 479
President — Naomi Howells.
Vice-President — Marjorie Davidson.
Secretary — Mary Dabney.
Treasurer — Marion Wheeler.
The chairmen of the various committees, who with
the officers make up the cabinet, are:
Social Committee — Christie Wait.
Extension Work — Gertrude Wells.
Missionary — Lena Knapp.
Membership — Marjorie Davidson.
Finance — Marion Wheeler.
College News — Edith Carr.
Bible Study — Doris Smith.
Religious Meetings — Lois Atwood.
A new club under the administration of “ Y. W.”
has been organized with Laura Sexton as President.
Its name is the “ Silver Bay Club,” and its members
are those who have attended the student conferences
of Y. W. C. A. on Lake George. Miss Sexton has
been made a member of the cabinet. The club will
have charge of the raising of finances to send dele-
gates to future conferences.
Several very excellent religious meetings have been
held. On May 1, Mrs. Barnes, Assistant Secretary
of the Baptist Board of Missions, spoke to the girls
in a most informal and helpful manner.
A very enthusiastic “Silver Bay Meeting” was
held on May 7. Miss Sexton led the meeting and
asked several members who had attended the last
conference at Silver Bay to speak of specific subjects
of interest.
480 THE ECHO
College Club Notes
The Club was given the opportunity and very great
pleasure of listening to an address by Judge John J.
Brady on Friday, April 18. Judge Brady discussed
the old method of dealing with law-breaking children,
and the modern method which is being applied.
Dr. Ward of our faculty dealt with a most inter-
esting topic to the members on April 25, when he
spoke on the life of a college student. His address
was very helpful.
On May 9 Miss Margaret Doane Gardiner talked
against woman’s suffrage. She gave a deep thought-
ful and sensible treatment of the subject.
The members of the ‘ College Club ” desire to ex-
press their appreciation and thanks to all, who,
through their interest and co-operation, have helped
to make the organization a success. To those men-
tioned below we are particularly indebted for the
excellent half-hour talks given at the regular meet-
ings during the year that is just closing: Prof.
Risley, Prof. Woodard, Prof. Walker, George E.
Gorham, M.D., Prof. Kirtland, Dr. Richardson, Mrs.
Joseph Gavitt, Dr. Henry P. Warren, Prof. Smith,
Judge John J. Brady, Dr. Ward, Miss Margaret
Doane Gardiner, Dr. George Dugan, Dr. Milne.
Delta Omega Notes
Miss Elizabeth Williamson spent an evening with
the Deltas on her recent trip to Albany.
Miss Helen Odell has returned to college quite
recovered from her siege of tonsilitis.
The Delta week-end is a thing of the past now, but
THE ECHO 481
the girls can certainly look back upon a jolly time.
Friday night, May 9th, was the dance in the College
gym; Saturday noon a banquet at the Hampton with
Miss Frances Burlingame as toast mistress; Satur-
day night the active Deltas showed the Alumnae
what they could do, in an entertainment given at the
home of Miss Agnes Futterer.
The girls at the “ Flat” attended a house party
at St. Stephen’s College, Annandale, May 2.
The “At Home ” of April 22nd was especially well
attended by the students and faculty of the College.
Kappa Delta Notes
Kappa Delta’s ‘‘ movies”? were held on April
twenty-fifth, when she changed her home from 82 N.
Allen street to 262 Yates street, where she will be
more than glad to welcome all of her friends, old and
new.
Mary Denbou, ’10, and Henrietta Fitch, 710, were
guests of the House the week-end of the twentieth.
Kappa Delta wishes to congratulate the Seniors
upon Moving-up Day — it was a grand success, and
did more to promote college spirit than anything
which has happened for a long while.
Eta Phi Notes
On Friday, April 26, a meeting was held at the
home of Geraldine Murray. Plans for the remainder
of the year were discussed, and the commencement
program was arranged. Our usual good time fol-
lowed the business.
482 THE ECHO
May 2nd we had a little “ jollification ” to which
we invited a few friends.
Thursday evening, May 8, a meeting was held at
Marjorie James’ home. An especially delightful
time was enjoyed by all of us.
Miss Lillian Houbertz visited us for a few hours
not long ago. It seemed delightful to have one of
“our” girls back with us.
Miss Myra Young has been home for a few days
on account of illness.
G. A. A. Notes
They’re all right!
Who’s all right?
Juniors!
The Juniors won the inter-class track meet with a
score of twenty-one points. The Freshmen were
second with thirteen points, and the Sophomores last
with six points. The Seniors did not enter the
meet.
The individual events went as follows: 40-yard
dash—Fanny Wood (Junior), first place; Louise
Leggett (Freshman), second place; Lulu Cargill
(Freshman), third place.
High jump—Jeanette Campbell (Junior), first
place; Dorothy Schwarthof (Freshman), second
place; Gertrude Wells (Junior), third place.
The potato race was won by the Juniors with
Freshmen in second place and Sophomores third.
In the game of “hurl-ball” the Juniors and
Sophomores playing together defeated the Freshmen.
THE ECHO 483
The record for high jump won by Jeanette Camp-
bell was three feet eleven inches. In the try-out for
second place, however, the mark was raised to four
feet one inch, which was Miss Campbell’s record of
last year.
The fine weather now calls us out for long walks.
Several were enjoyed last fall, and we are promised
some more in the near future.
Entries for the spring tennis tournament will soon
be in order. Every one who has played is urged to
enter. A silver cup will be awarded the champion.
Almuni Department
The committee, to arrange for memorial exercises
for Dr. A. N. Husted, held a meeting on Tuesday,
April 29th. The following members of the commit-
tee were present:
President Milne, Prof. Birchenough, Hon. John
Bowe, Mr. Lewis Cass, Principal Edward Deevey,
Mr. John Mahar, Dr. H. E. Mereness, Miss Anna
Pierce, Dr. Richardson, Prof. Sayles, Prof. Wood-
ard, Miss McClelland, chairman.
Miss Elizabeth Williamson, 712, and Miss May
Larkin, ’?10, were recent visitors at college.
Baeuto, Breneunr, March 8.
The Executive Bureau moved its employees to
Baguio, the sixteenth of February, and that date will
always be a pleasant memory. We left Manila, on
a special train at eight in the morning, and I had the
484 THE ECHO
good fortune to be slated for the special car Wash-
ington, whose occupants were furnished a delicious
luncheon by Clark, the best caterer in Manila. The
ride by train was through a variety of country ; fields
of country cane, hemp and pasture lands, where one
noticed many goats, which I thought must be for the
purpose of furnishing milk for infants, but was told
that they furnished instead lamb for the table. We
passed prosperous towns, where were fine market
buildings, school-houses, playgrounds; now and then,
perched in a picturesque spot a nipa school-house,
with a U.S. flag waving over it; rivers, some rushing
onward to the ocean, others whose waters had already
run their courses and left the beds filled with stones,
both large and small, washed down from the hills,
during the rainy season; native villages with their
nipa shacks ; and, finally, pine forests At three in the
afternoon we reached Camp Oneand where we took
autos for our ride over the famous Benguet Road,
that the papers are always telling the people how
much it costs the government to maintain. I have
read about this road and been told about it, but one
must ride over it to appreciate it. Up! Up! we went,
towering rocks on one side, deep precipices on the
other, falls tumbling over rocks, rivers roaring in the
distance, over bridges spanning chasms, and along
this wild scenery the road was as smooth as a floor.
Finally we reached “ The Zigzag,” of which much
has been written. There are seven roads, up this
steep pitch, connected by sharp turns, at each turn is
a gate, and the autos going up are stopped at each
one to allow down-coming ones to pass, if notice by
telephone has been sent that they are on the way.
THE ECHO 485
The autos are the most. powerful made and are driven
by Filipinos, who have been well trained for the
work. There has never been an auto accident under
government control, which speaks well for the train-
ing of the chauffeurs. I put on a jacket when I left
the train, and soon tied a veil over my ears, and later
pulled on a sweater, and soon wished for a heavy
wrap which was in my trunk. At seven-thirty we
were five thousand feet above Manila at Baguio,
where a fire was waiting, at “ The Pines,” or at the
“Goy. Mess,” or at the house of a friend, and we
soon found our way to the place prepared for us.
The government offers its employees, the unmar-
ried ones, a choice of three modes of life, hotel, tent,
or dormitory. I chose a tent, and am as happy as
two larks in it. The tent has everything convenient,
including electric light, and faces east and west.
The sunsets are glorious, and I am told the sunrises
are equally so, but, thus far, I can not vouch for
them. I take my meals at the Gov. Mess and they
are good, fresh vegetables from the Experiment Sta-
tion, which, after canned goods at Delmonico’s, are
most acceptable.
There are miles of road up lere perfect for autos
and driving; and there are miles of trails over the
hills, through the pines that have the real piney
smell; besides babbling brooks and native shacks. I
have already worn the soles off one pair of shoes, but
have found a cobbler who is a genius for restoring
lost souls, so let them go.
The natives wear a gee string and a shirt, in the
morning, but discard the latter later in the day.
Their muscles are well developed and they seem to be
486 THE ECHO
far more ambitious than the Filipinos of Manila.
Even my latent energy is returning, and I have
sewed and crocheted quite a bit since I came to the
hills.
The first night in a tent made me think of zero
weather in the homeland. I was cold although I had
three blankets on the bed, supplemented by a pillow
over my feet, and a towel about my head.
Last week I was vaccinated, and my arm has
caused me no discomfort, although the doctor says
it is working mildly.
By the time of my next letter I shall be able to tell
you something of the sights of this beautiful spot, as
I shall have been about by that time.
I am quite sure I have not told you about the Car-
nival. We had nine days of it and not a drop of rain
to mar the enjoyment of the confetti throwers. The
exhibits of lace work, embroidery, furniture, vege-
tables, and flowers were wonderful and showed well
the result of American training, as well as the ability
of the Filipinos to learn. I spent quite a bit of time
watching the machine, which seemed to have reason-
ing faculties, make cigarettes.
The Japanese and Chinese came for athletic sports,
the former having a fine baseball team from Mejii
University, and in one game there was certainly race
prejudice shown, when they played with an all
Filipino team.
Heten L. Emerson, ’72,
Executive Bureau, Manila, P. I.
THE ECHO 487
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489
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490 THE ECHO
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THE ECHO 491
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