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The David C. Baldus Papers document the distinguished legal research career of David C. Baldus, which includes the most sophisticated challenges to capital punishment in the United States since the reinstatement of the Death Penalty in 1976. Included is material from the Georgia Charging & Sentencing Study, which was used as evidence in the McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) decision. Similar studies involving capital sentencing in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and the U.S. Military are also detailed, as is Baldus's formal reports to the supreme courts of a number of other states. Also present is material documenting Baldus's long career as the Joseph B. Tye Professor of Law at the University of Iowa Law School. This includes teaching material, presentations, publications, and material documenting faculty service.
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This series includes the records of David C. Baldus's service on the faculty at the University of Iowa School of Law. This consists of records of governance activities such as punitive issues and committees he served on. Scholarly material that did not fall under any other series scope is also featured here mainly represented as his research, correspondence, and notes that have a more general focus than any specific project. This also includes annotated published research materials.

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This includes the records of David C. Baldus travel to and participation in various conferences, celebrations, and symposia. Often, this includes correspondence documenting travel arrangement and the drafts and complete manuscripts of many presentations and talks generally on the subject of capital punishment. Research material for these presentations and talks may also be present.

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Debate over the reinstatement of the death penalty in Iowa reappeared in the mid 1990s. Baldus made efforts to educate Iowans on what a death penalty would bring by speaking, writing, and communicating with groups like Iowans Against the Death Penalty. In early 1995 the State House passed a bill that would have reinstated capital punishement in Iowa. The bill was defeated in the State Senate later that year. State Representative Jack Holveck wrote that Baldus's "role was probably more important than any other single person."