White , Norman F., "System Models in the Health Sciences", 1983
ua435
In the health sciences, concepts are shifting toward system models which recognize multiple factors interacting to determine health phenomena. The hybrid biomedical disease model has proven insufficient for the analysis of modern health problems. A population perspective and an expansion in the influence of the behavioral and social sciences have required conceptual models with greater breadth, and facility in relations between models. Morbidity is portrayed here as two domains of phenomena, the disease process and the illness state, each seen as part of a socio-ecological dynamic. Applied to major disease problems, the utility of these propositions can be examined. In the McMaster M.D. program, this set of models has been translated into a curricular structure which has the individual in all her/his healthy or morbid aspects as the interface between biological and social systems. Perplexing dilemmas in health care thus become not only understandable but predictable. Adopting this approach creates a new generation of problems. Just as our students have become familiar with the critical appraisal of evidence, the testing of conceptual models becomes a necessary skill. The background of this analysis is the socio-ecological niche of concepts. A model of models is proposed in which concepts interact with problem environments and modern medicine emerges as a case study for socio-ecological epistemology.
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