Lee, Jiyang and Qifan Wang, "Applying System Dynamics to the Study of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics", 1987
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As an effective method of understanding the dynamic behavior of complex systems, system dynamics has great potential in the study of the dynamic course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and effect, which is the content of the disciplines called pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Two ways of applying SD are discussed: using DYNAMO to solve the traditional pharmacokinetic models --- compartment models and combining knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to set up advanced models under the paradigm of system dynamics. The application of the method, technique and modeling view of system dynamics to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can be very helpful and fruitful.