Ryan, Thomas, "A Peircian Framework for Using System Dynamics Modeling as an Inquiry System", 1996
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Management is about action designed to bring about change in some situation. Any sane management action implies the manager holds: 1. a representative mental model of the current situation and an understanding of why it has to change, 2. an acceptable and feasible mental model of the desired changed situation and an understanding of why it is more desirable that the current situation, 3. a representative mental model of how the world works in the particular situation under consideration that, and 4. a belief that the situation can be improved through management action.